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WHAT ARE MINERAL WHAT ARE MINERAL RESOURCESRESOURCES

A MINERAL IS A NATURALY OCCURING SUBSTANCE FOUND IN THE EARTH’S CRUST.MINERALS HAVE

DISTINT PHYSICAL POROPETIES SUCH AS

COLOR AND HARDNESS AND CHEMICAL

PROPERTIES SUCH AS SOLUBILITY

THERE ARE 3000 MINERALS IN THE EARTH90% OF EARTH MINERALS ARE MADE UP OF

JUST 10 MINERALSCOMMON MINERALS-

SILICATES ,ALUMINIUM, IRON, SODIUM ,POTTASIUM, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM.

THEY ARE FOUND IN PURE STATE IN ORES WHICH ARE ROCKS CONTAINING MINERALS

ORES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO LOW AND HIGH GRADE ORES (CONTINUED IN NEXT SLIDE)

HIGH GRADE ORES CONTAINS HIGH MINERAL CONTENT AND LESS OF IMPURITIES

LOW GRADE ORES CONTAINS LOW MINERAL CONTENT AND MORE OF IMPURITIES

TYPES OF MINERALS ON COMPOSITION METALLIC MINERALS NON METTALIC

MINERALS

TYPES OF NON METALLIC MINERALSORGONIC IN ORGONIC

EXTRACTION OF MINERALSOPEN CAST MININGSHAFT MININGDRILLING

ARE THE THREE TYPES OF MINING

TYPES OF ROCKS IN WHICH MINERALS ARE FOUND METAMORPHIC AND IGNEOUS ROCKS

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

ASIAIRON ORE-INDIA ,CHINATIN-MALASIYA,INDONESIA,CHINALEAD,ANTIMONY,TUNGSTEN-CHINAPETROLEUM,NATURAL GAS-MIDDLE

EASTERN COUNTRIESMANGANESE,BAUXITE-MOST PARTS OF

ASIA

EUROPEIRON ORE-

RUSSIA,UKRAINE,SWEDEN,FRANCECOPPER,LEAD,ZINC,MANGANES,NICKEL-

EASTERN EUROPE,RUSSIACOAL-RUHR VALLEY OF GERMANY PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS-UK,NORWAY

NORTH AMERICACOPPER,LEAD,ZINC,GOLD,SILVER-

WESTERN CORDILLERASCOAL-APPALACHAINS RANGEIRON

ORE,NICKEL,GOLD,URANIUM,COPPER-CANADIANSHIELD REGION

SOFTCOAL-WEST VIRGINIA,WESTERN PENNYSLYVANIA,OHIO,KENTUCKY

South AmericaIron-BRAZILCOPPER-CHILE,PERUTIN-BRAZIL,BOLIVAMINERAL OIL-

MEXICO,VENEZULA,ARGENTINA,CHILE,PERU, COLUMBIA

BAUXITE-N.E.SOUTH AMERICA,JAMAICAGOLD,SILVER,,ZINC,CHORIUM,MANGANES

E,MICA,PLATINUM,ABESTOS,DIAMOND-ARE ALSO FOUND IN S.AMERICA

AFRICADIAMOND,GOLD,SILVER,PLATINUM-

LARGEST PRODUCER(AFRICA) GOLD-S.AFRICA,ZAIRE,ZIMBABWEWITWATERSLAND – IN THE LAST 100

YEARS IT PRODUCED 50% OF WORLD’S GOLD

SOME OTHER METALS FOUND HERE –COPPER,IRON,CHROMIUM,COBALT,URANIUM

AUSTRALIAWORLD LEADER INPRODUCTION OF

BAUXITE, IRON, GOLD,COAL,DIAMOND,TIN,NICKEL

RICH INMANGANESE,COPPER,LEAD,ZINCGOLD-KALGOORLIE ,COOLGARDIE

ANTARTICA• COAL-TRANS ANTARTIC

MOUNTAINS,PRINCE CHARLES MOUNTAINS

• GOLD,SILVER,OIL,ARE ALSO PRESENT • MINING IS BANNED,ONLY RESERCHERS

DO ABIT OF MINING

IRON-OREINDIA –LARGEST IRON DEPOSIT IN

ASIATYPES OF IRON ORES-

MAGNETIC,HAEMATITEIRON MINES-CHOTA NAGPUR

PLATEAU,MAINLY FOUND IN JHARKAND,ORRISA,CHHATTISGARH, MADYAPRADESH,GOA,MAHARASHTRA,KARNATAKA

BAUXITE(ORE OF ALUMINIUM)PRODUCING AREAS-

ORISSA(LARGEST),TAMIL NADU,M.P,MAHARASHTRA,GUJARAT, CHATTISGARH,JHARKHAND

USES-AUTOMOBILES,AIRCRAFT,FURNITURES.ETC

MICA

coperProduced mainly –A.P ,Karnataka ,M.P, Jharkhand, Rajasthan

Used in electrical industry for making wires , motors , transformers ,generators

It was used to make coinsIt is mixed with gold to give strength

Deposits- M.P, ORISSA, A.P, CHATTISGARH, KARNATAKA

USES-SMELTING OF IRON, MANUFACTURING FERRO-ALLOYS , ADDS STRENGHT TO STEEL

LIMESTONEDEPOSITS- M.P ,TAMIL NADU,BIHAR,

ORISSA,GUJARAT, RAJASTAN, MAHARASHTRA,JHARKHANDRAW MATERIAL FOR CEMENT INDUSTRY

Gold Deposit-hutti , kolar in Karnataka

Uses- making jewellery ,in experiments

Mining of gold is very expensive

Salt It is used as preservatives in food

industryCommon salt (NaCl) is used in food

to make it tasty Obtained fromseas,lakes,rocksDeposits –Gujarat ,tuticorinIndia – leading producer , exporter

siliconUses –in computer industryObtained –from quartzQuartz (deposits)-M.P,U.P,HIMACHAL

PRADESH(UNA)

CONSERVATION OF MINERALS

POWER RESOURCESENERGY IS GENERATED FROM POWER RESOURCES

TYPES-CONVECTIONAL ,NON CONVECTIONAL

CONVECTIONAL POWER RESOURCES

FIRE WOODCOALPETROLEUMNATURAL GAS

FIRE WOODUSES-COOKING, HEATING

50% OF ENERGY USED IN VILLAGES IS GOT FROM FIREWOOD

COALFORMED MILLIONS OF YEARS AGOLEADING COAL PRODUCERS-USA,RUSSIA,

GERMANY ,FRANCE,SOUTHAFRICA,CHINAINDIA-JHAIRA(LARGEST),RANIGANGLOW GRADE-ASSAM,ARUNACHAL

PRADESH,NAGALAND MEGALAYALIGNITE-TAMIL

NADU,PUDUCHERRY,GUJRAT,JKUSES-THERMAL POWER;IRON,STEEL

INDUSTRIES; DOMESTIC FUEL; STEAM ENGINES

PETROLEUMDERIVATION-LATIN(ROCKOIL)TRAPPED BETWEEN SEDIMETARY ROCKS,IS

BLACKIT IS DRILLED FROM OFF &ON SHORE OIL FELDSUSED FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION IN

AUTOMOBILES, AIRCRAFT ETCALSO CALLED BLACK GOLD,LIQUID GOLDTOP PRODUCERS MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES,

USA,RUSSIA,ALGERIA,VENEZULAIN INDIA-DIGBOI IN ASSAM,BOMBAY

HIGH,DELTAS OF KRISHNA &GODAVARI

NATURAL GASFOUND NEAR OIL FIELDS,RELEASED WHEN

CRUDE OIL IS DRILLEDTOP PRODUCERS-

NETHERLANDS,NORWAY,UK, RUSSIAIN 1984 GAIL WAS SET UP TO LOCATE AND

TRANSPORT NATURL GAS IN INDIAFOUND AT(INDIA)-EASTERN COAST OF THE

GODAVARI KRISHNA DELTA , TRIPURA,JAISALMER,KANDLA(GUJRAT), MUMBAI

CNG IS A ECO FRIENDLY AUTOMOBILE FUEL

NON CONVECTIONAL SOURCESHYDROELECRICITYSOLAR ENERGYWIND ENERGYNUCLEAR POWERGEOTHERMAL ENERGYTIDAL ENERGYBIOGAS

HYDROELECTRICITYTHE WATER STORED IN DAMS FALL ON

TURBNES FROM GREAT HEIGHTS ON TURBINES WHICH MAKES THEM ROTATE AND TURN THE GENERATOR AND PROUDUCE ELECRICITY

TOP PRODUCERS-CHINA,NORWAY , PARAQUAY , BRAZIL

IN INDIA-SHIVASAMUDRAM,NAGARJUNA SAGAR, BHAKRANANGAL,DAMODAR VALLEY PROJECT

SOLAR ENERGYOBTAINED FROM SUNLIGHT USING

PHOTOVOLTIC CELLS/SOLR THERMAL TECHNOLOGY

GUJRAT,RAJASTHAN,TROPICAL COUNTRIES HAVE POTENTIAL FOR SOLAR ENERGY

USED IN SOLAR HEATERS,COOKERS ETC

WIND ENERGY

WIND ENERGY

KINETIC ENERGY OF WIND IS CONVERTED INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

HAS BEEN USED FOR GRINDING GRAIN &LIFTING WATER SINCE ANCIENT TIMES

LOCATED IN COASTLINES &HILLS WHERE THERE STEADY &STRONG WINDS ARE LOCATED

TOP PRODUCERS –GERMANY,UK,USA,DENMARK, SPAIN

INDIA-GUJRAT(LAMBA),TAMIL NADU

NUCLEAR POWERRADIOACTIVE MINERALS SUCH AS THORIUM

, URANIUM,PLUTONIUM ETC UNDERGO NUCLEAR FISSION AND ENERGY IS EMITTED

LEADING PRODUCERS-USA,FRANCEDEPOSITS(INDIA)-1)THORIUM-KERALA 2)URANIUM-

RAJASTHAN, JHARKHAND

POWER STATIONS-KALPAKKAM,TARAPUR, RANAPRATAPSAGAR,NARORO,KAIGA

GEOTHERMAL ENERGYHOT WATER FROM GEYSERS

&GEOTHERMAL SPRINGS IS USED FOR COOKING BATHING & HEATING FOR SEVERAL YEARS

BIG PLANTS USA,NEW ZEALAND , PHILLIPHINES, ICELAND&CENTRAL AMERICA

INDIA-MANIKARAN, PUGAVALLEY

TIDAL ENERGYTHERARE DAMS BUILT IN NARROW

OPENINGS OF TIDAL BELTS OF SEADURING HIGH TIES TH TIDES ARE USED

TOI TURN THE TURBINES AND THEY PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

RUSSIA ,FRANCE,GULFOF KUTCHIN IN INDIA HAVE LARGE TIDAL FARMS

BIO GASGENERATED FROM DEAD AND DECAYING

ORGANIC MATTERIN BIO GAS DIGESTERS THE BACTERIA

DECOMPOSE THEORGANIC MATTER AND RELESE BIO GAS(METHANE+CARBONDIOXIDE)

THE WASTE IS USED AS MANURE

SAVE ENERGYWE SHOULD CONSERVE & WE

SHOULDNOT WASTE ENERGY