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Using GIS to numerically quantify rates of accretion and erosion through time (4D), based on 2 different timed 3D models for the same place.Beach profiles confirmed underwater results as did monitored dredging. Excelent Modelling tool.
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Monitoring and evaluation of environmental impacts of port interventions during 2000-
2001, on the Mondego estuary sedimentary system and adjacente coast
João Pedro C. A. Mendes
IndexChapter I - Introduction
Chapter II - Beach Profiles
Chapter III -Topohydrographic Surveys
Chapter IV - Sedimentary Solid Transport
Chapter V - Synthesis e Conclusions
Objectives
Improve and quantify of natural controles;
Monitoring Beach evolution;
Quantify rates of sedimentary evolution;
Apply GIS calculus to the study of sedimentary dynamics;
Contribute for sustainable management of this coastal area.
MethodologyField work
Taking beach profiles. Monitoring river and coastal dredging.
Office work Topohydrographic Surveys analysis. Managing Data into a GIS system (3D imaging,
numeric modelling, graphic exploration, 4D imaging and interpretation).
Geographical Location
(a) Distal(b) Intermédio(c) Próximal
Ada
ptad
o de
Cun
ha, 1
998
Controls of sedimentary dynamics The Sea as a controling agent
Influence on coastal sedimentary evolution
Influence on Longshore sedimentary transport
(ºN) % (m) % (s) %
≤ 220 1,1 calma 1,1 ≤ 8 2,2]220, 240] 1,6 ]0 a 1] 30 ]8, 10] 6]240, 260] 1,1 ]1 a 2] 50 ]10, 12] 35]260, 280] 33 ]2 a 3] 13 ]12, 14] 47]280, 300] 20 ]3 a 4] 4,1 ]14, 16] 8,2]300, 320] 43 ]4 a 5] 2,5 ]16, 18] 1,4
]5 a 6] 0,3
Direction Height Period
Wave characteristics 2001
Monitoring sea level
0,720,68
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
12-01-2001 17-01-2001 22-01-2001 27-01-2001 01-02-2001 06-02-2001 11-02-2001
Altura (Z.H.)Altura de agitação marítimaNível Médio
Dredging areas
Limite de jurisdiçãoLimite de jurisdiçãoSector Comercial
Porto de
Pesca
Marina
Ponte da Gala
Terminalde Granéis
Terminal deCarga Geral
Limite de jurisdição
In the Port´s Fishing Dock;
- In the navigational channel and Port
entrance.A
dapt
ado
de I
.P.C
., 04
/08/
2000
Dredging monitored
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
1.400
1.600
1.800
2.000
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
Milh
are
s (
m3)
Dragagens portuáriasExtracção de areia na embocadura, anteporto e barraExtracção de areia na praia
38
115
70
3245
23
195
150
187
10105
60
128
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Jul-00
Ago-00
Set-
00
Out-
00
Nov-00
Dez-00
Jan-01
Fev-01
Mar-01
Abr-01
Mai-01
Jun-01
Jul-01
Ago-01
Set-
01
Out-
01
Nov-01
Milhares (
m3)
II- Beach Profiles
Sedimentary behaviour of exposed beach
Beach profile analysis
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ada
ptad
o de
Cun
ha &
Din
is, 1
998
Ort
ofot
o C
.M.F
.F.,
1998
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m)
29.9.003.10.004.11.005.12.0015.01.0110.02.0117.03.0115.04.0113.05.0117.06.0117.07.0129.08.0107.10.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m) 29.9.00
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m)
29.9.00
3.10.00
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m) 3.10.00
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m)
3.10.00
4.11.00
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m) 4.11.00
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m)
4.11.00
5.12.00
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m) 5.12.00
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m)
5.12.00
15.01.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m) 15.01.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m)
15.01.01
10.02.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m) 10.02.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m)
10.02.01
17.03.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m) 17.03.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m)
17.03.01
15.04.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m) 15.04.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m)
15.04.01
13.05.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m) 13.05.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m)
13.05.01
17.06.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m) 17.06.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m)
17.06.01
17.07.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m) 17.07.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m)
17.07.01
29.08.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m) 29.08.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m)
29.08.01
07.10.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m) 07.10.01
Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Distância (m)
Cot
as (
m)
29.9.003.10.004.11.005.12.0015.01.0110.02.0117.03.0115.04.0113.05.0117.06.0117.07.0129.08.0107.10.01
II – Beach Profiles
Profile 5 evolution29/09/2000 to 07/10/2001
50
250
450
650
850
353400354900356400 LatitudeÁre
a (m
2)
29-09-200030-09-200003-10-200005-10-200004-11-200005-12-200015-01-200110-02-200117-03-200115-04-200113-05-200114-06-200117-06-200117-07-200129-08-200131-08-200107-10-2001
Evolution of the sedimentary prism per stationEvolution of the sedimentary prism per station
chaminé
cemitério
Rotundafarolim
Bola NíveaThe variability is explained by:
-Sea charachteristics; -Morphology of the longshore bar and beach; - Exposure of the coast line.
Topohydrographic Surveys Analysis
21/11/2001
29/08/2001
AB
A – Active area of sedimentary transportB – Deeper Longshore bar
4D Bathymetric Map of
Sedimetary evolution
Am = 1,5 m; Rm = N281º; Tm = 12 s;
Dredged = 283 656 m3
Balance = -37 738 m3
(449,26 m3/day)
Am = Average Height of wave;
; Rm = Average Directional wave;
Tm = Period of the wave
Analysis of deepwater estuary sediment and nearby coast
For this analysis we took into account:
• sedimentary removal
• Time scale of the analysed area
• Sea characteristics (Wave height, Direction, Periods)
21/02/2001
• Fluvial discharge (ex.: flood effect)
Sedimentary infilling of Port entrance (21/02/2001)Sedimentary flows related to currents;
Human intervention area; Am = 2,4 m; Rm = N286º; Tm = 13 s;
Dredged = 46 909 m3 (1 066,11 m3/dia); Bal. = 148 058 m3 (0,008 m3/day);
Fishing Dock4D calculus
A
B
C
30/03/2001 – 02/07/2001Biggest loss = 143 949 m3
Lowered Bathymetry= -1,78 m (-0,019m/day)
02/07/2001 – 23/072001Gain= 18 558 m3
Loss = 51 486 m3
Balance = -32 928 m3
30/03/2001 – 02/07/2001Bal. = -33 643 m3
Average bathymetric lowering of -0,011m/dayAverage growth [0,001; 0,011] m/day
30/03/2001 – 02/07/2001Area = 134 778 m2
Total Loss = 239 319 m3
Expected to be dredged = 250 000 m3
GIS Analysis
Allows you to:
Quantify sedimentary volumes in transit;
calculate accretion and erosion rates;
interpretate the resulting of natural phenomena and
human intervention;
identify currents/sedimentary flows (and/or
hidrodynamic);
Predict sedimentary variations depending on the
same natural conditions.
Harbour entrance
Date (t1) 14-07-2000 27-07-2000 03-08-2000 28-08-2000 21-02-2001 06-04-2001 21-05-2001 29-08-2001Date (t2) 27-07-2000 03-08-2000 28-08-2000 21-02-2001 06-04-2001 21-05-2001 29-08-2001 21-11-2001Δt (days) 13 7 25 177 44 45 100 84
Average Height (m) 1,23 1,43 1,3 2,49 2,4 1,73 1,32 1,52
Average Direction (Deg. North)
280 292,14 297,8 297,2 286,24 304,56 306,1 281,01
Wave interval (s) 10,42 10,36 10,42 12,94 12,69 12,17 12,17 12,09
Loss Loss Loss Loss Gain Loss Loss Loss
Dredging (m3/dia) 6903 6490 1775 693 974 4255 2467 2820
Predicted (m3/dia) 1867 -2290 140 622 3545 1501 1242 2306
Gain Loss Gain Gain Gain Gain Gain Gain
-514-71 2571 -2754 -1225Balance (m3/day) -5035 -8780 -1635
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
14/07/0027/07/00
27/07/0003/08/00
03/08/0028/08/00
28/08/0021/02/01
21/02/0106/04/01
06/04/0121/05/01
21/05/0129/08/01
29/08/0121/11/01
Milh
ares
(m
3/d
ia)
Balanço sedimentar
Extracções
Polinómio (Extracções)
Polinómio (Balanço sedimentar)
AVERAGE DAILY DREDGING VS.
CALCULATED AVERAGE BALANCE WITH GIS (HARBOUR ENTRANCE)
Joao Mendes
M.Sc Geoscientist