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This is a presentation for OVC students as part of the McKee-Pownall Equine Services Student Seminar
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Shoeing The Lame Horse
MPES OVC Student Seminar
Mike Pownall, DVM, CFMcKee-Pownall Equine Services
www.mpequine.com
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3 Things We Will Learn Today
• What are Farrier/Vet Roles?
• What are Some Common Foot Lameness?
• What are Treatments
Rule # 1
• Vets and Farriers must play well together
Rule # 1
• Vets and Farriers must play well together
Farrier and Vet Roles
Need to know what normal is
Each horse is differentEach Horse is DifferentEach Horse is Different
Farrier and Vet Roles
Assessing Balance
• Static
leg and hoof while standing
• Dynamic
leg and hoof in motion
Static Balance
Foot Symmetry - sole
Rule # 2
Not everything is at it appears to be
Static Balance
Foot Symmetry - sole
Static Balance
Foot Symmetry - coronary band
Static Balance
Foot Symmetry - coronary band
Static Balance
Dynamic Balance
• How leg and hoof move together
• Problems can be due to shoeing,
conformation, lameness
• Factors to consider Does the foot land flat
Difference between walk and trot
Difference when ridden?
Dynamic Balance
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Strategy For Shoeing Lame Horses
• Know the Lameness• Know the Shoe• Know Team Strengths
Common Lameness's Helped By Horseshoeing
• Laminitis/Founder
• “Navicular” or Heel Pain
• Toe & Quarter Cracks
• White Line Disease
• Abscesses
Laminitis & Founder
• Many treatments• Challenging• Many shoeing techniques
with little supporting science
• Intensive supportive therapy
Terminology
• Laminitis Inflammation of lamella
• Founder Rotation of P3 from hoof wall
• Sinker Complete detachment of P3 from hoof
What Laminitis Looks Like
What Laminitis Looks Like
What Founder Looks Like
What A Sinker Looks Like
Shoeing The Laminitic Horse
• Xray before and during treatment
• Re-distribute weight bearing away from hoof wall
• Reduce pull of DDFT
Radiography
Radiography
Venograms
Venograms
Venograms
Venograms
Shoeing The Laminitic Horse
Stabilize Acute Cases
• Minimize further damage
• Too painful to shoe
• Sometimes all you need
• Great with grain overload
• Use high density styrofoam or Soft Ride boots
Shoeing The Laminitic Horse
Stabilize foot
Shoeing The Laminitic Horse
Shoeing The Laminitic Horse
Re-distribute Weight From Hoof Wall
• Decrease load on lamellae
• Use frog, bars and sole
• Utilize area behind true apex of frog
• Use radiographs and hoof testers
Shoeing The Laminitic Horse
Shoeing The Laminitic Horse
Reduce Pull of DDFT
• Decrease tearing forces on laminae• Surgical and shoeing techniques• Tenotomy often essential• Raise heels
Extremely high heels leads to compression of P3
• Facilitate breakover
Shoeing The Laminitic Horse
Reduce Pull of DDFT
Shoeing The Laminitic Horse
Shoeing The Laminitic Horse
Protect Bottom of Foot
Never Place a Permanent Pad on an Acute Case!!!!!
Shoeing The Laminitic Horse
Minimize Hoof Wall Trauma
The “Clog”
• #6 x 1.25 drywall screws
• Adhesive
• Casting tape
• Soft impression material
Why The “Clog”?
• Versatile breakover
• Protect sole
• Frog support
• Minimize hoof wall strain
• Decrease strain on DDFT.
The “Clog”
The “Clog”
The “Clog”
The “Clog”
The “Clog”
The “Clog”
Shoeing The Laminitic Horse
•Be patient•Pain control•Quality of life
Heel Pain
• Navicular?
• Crushed and Bruised Heels
• Sheared Heels
• Thrush
Navicular - Is It Real?
• Radiographic lesions are confusing.
• Diagnostic blocks are confusing
Shoeing For Navicular
• Often need concurrent medical therapy
• Access hoof balance and correct that first
• Increasing heels will work if DDFT is involved in acute cases
• Wedging heels too much will lead to coffin joint problems and crushed heels.
Crushed and Bruised Heels
• Long toe - underrun heels
• Often misdiagnosed as navicular
• Takes a long time to correct
• Often need to wait until show season is over
Crushed and Bruised Heels
Goals of Therapy• Balance feet• Remove long and damaged
heel tubules• Shoes to minimize forces
on heels• Place shoes where you
want heels to be• Medication to reduce
inflammation• Patience
Crushed and Bruised Heels Therapy
Remove Long Heel & Toe
Crushed and Bruised Heels Therapy
Wedging collapsed heels often counter productive
Sheared Heels
• Balance, pain and conformation related
• Rarely diagnosed
• Very painful
• Need to stabilize the foot to stop shearing
• Long term therapy
Thrush
• Found in Horses that are inactive
and have club feet Lameness in affected limb Horses with pads
• Lack of blood flow to areabacterial and fungal infection of frog
• Penetrates sensitive tissue of sub solar region
• Mimics Navicular
Thrush Therapy
• Can take a long time to treat
• Balance feet
• Eliminate other source of lameness.
• Animalintex to drain infection
• Remove infected tissue
• Thrushbuster
http://www.mpequine.com/Treat_Thrush.aspx
Quarter Cracks
• Caused by medial-lateral imbalance Wedging up one side Landing harder on one side
• Focal pressure causes hoof wall to break down
• Pain caused by shearing of torn hoof wall
• Sometimes not noticeable on hoof wall
• Coronary band is jammed up at site
Quarter Cracks
QuickTime™ and aCinepak decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Quarter Cracks
QuickTime™ and aCinepak decompressor
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QuickTime™ and a decompressor
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Quarter Cracks Shoeing
Toe Cracks
• Caused by long toes or excess rasping of toes
• Set shoe back• Clean out crack• Adhesive or staples
once infection cleared like quarter cracks
• Superficial cracks respond to balance
Toe Cracks
White Line Disease
• Fungal or bacterial infection of white line
• Commonly called “gravel” or “seedy toe”
• Often not noticed until it has undermined a lot of hoof wall
• Topical therapy is not satisfying due to lack of penetration
• Best therapy is hoof wall removal• Often need hoof wall support like a
laminitic horse
White Line Disease
Abscess
• Minimize digging at sole Damage from digging is
worse than abscess Drill hole in hoof wall to drain
abscess• Soak with Animalintex for 2-3
days• Epson salt traps abscess in hoof
Good once abscess has broken through
• Sugardyne or Clean Trax once abscess has begun to drain
Abscess
Shoeing the Lame Horse
• Rare to have quick fix!• Interferes with show season• Teamwork• Price• Aftercare concerns!
Turnout Time involved in treatments
It Can Be Overwhelming
Questions
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