Practice exam 4

BIOTECHNOLOGYWhat is the difference between CLONING and DNA CLONING?

CLONING: Production of

identical copies of an organism

through asexual means

DNA CLONING (or Gene Cloning)

Production of many identical copies of a

single gene.

USES FOR GENE CLONING

1. Produce a large quantity of the gene’s product = Protein.Example: humulin or human insulin

2. Learn about the function of the protein coded by the gene

Example: Role of a particular protein in cancer protection

3. Make a transgenic organismExample: Pest resistant corn

So do you think a transgenic animal is the same as a cloned animal?

BIOTECHNOLOGYDNA FINGERPRINTING or PROFILING

What are the 4 steps of fingerprinting?

4. Run an electrophoresis gel

1. Collect DNA

2. Amplify DNA if necessary using Polymerase Chain Reaction

3. Cut DNA in fragments at specific locations

EXERCISE 1INVESTIGATE THE ROBBERY

A woman has been attacked in her house. Her husband finds her and calls the police. She doesn’t remember her attacker. The police arrests a suspect.

STEP 1: Collect Blood

1. From the woman2. From the husband3. From the suspect

Crime scene blood

Crime scene hair

Victim’s blood

Husband’sblood

Suspect’s blood

STEPS 2 and 3: Prepare DNA samples by PCR and digestion (amplify and cut)

STEP 4: Run an electrophoresis gel

Has DNA a POSITIVE or NEGATIVE charge? NEGATIVE

Crime scene blood

Crime scene hair

Victim’s blood

Husband’sblood

Suspect’s blood

gel

Holes in which the cut DNA is placed

Crime scene blood

Crime scene hair

Victim’s blood

Husband’sblood

Suspect’s blood

Let’s switch the current on…

Crime scene blood

Crime scene hair

Victim’s blood

Husband’sblood

Suspect’s blood

Whose blood from the crime scene belongs to?THE WOMAN

Crime scene blood

Crime scene hair

Victim’s blood

Husband’sblood

Suspect’s blood

Whose hair from the crime scene belongs to?THE HUSBAND

Crime scene blood

Crime scene hair

Victim’s blood

Husband’sblood

Suspect’s blood

Does the police have DNA evidence for the suspect?NO

EXERCISE 2THE WILL

Marc was married to Julia. They had 2 children: Luke and Maria. Marc has died from a heart attack. He left a will.Robert comes in, introduces himself as Marc’s son and wants his share.

STEP 1: Collect Blood

1. From Marc2. From Julia3. From Luke4. From Maria5. From Robert

Marc Julia Luke Maria Robert

STEPS 2 and 3: Prepare DNA samples by PCR and digestion (amplify and cut)

STEP 4: Run an electrophoresis gel

Has DNA a POSITIVE or NEGATIVE charge? NEGATIVE


gel

Holes in which the cut DNA is placed


Let’s switch the current on…


Is Luke Marc’s son?Is Luke Julia’s son?


Is Maria Marc’s daughter?Is Maria Julia’s daughter?


Is Robert Marc’s son?Is Robert Julia’s son?

HUMAN BODY ORGANIZATION

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION?

What is the smallest level?

What is the largest level?

A cell

The organism

What is called a group of cells performing a similar function?

A tissue example?

What is called a group of tissues? An organ example?

Organs are organized into? An organic systemexample?

What is a tissue?

What are the 4 types of tissues?

A tissue is composed of similarly specialized cells that perform a common function in the body

1. Epithelial

2. Connective

3. Muscular

4. Nervous

What is the function of Epithelial tissue?

1. covers body surfaces and lines cavities

2. supports and binds body parts

3. moves the body and its parts

4. receives stimuli, processes that information,

and conducts impulses

1

What is the function of Nervous tissue?






4

What is the function of muscle tissue?






3

What is the function of Connective tissue?






2

The only major type of tissue specialized for movement is the___________tissue.

1.Nervous

2.cardiac muscle

3.Muscle

4.connective

How is Epithelial Tissue Classified?

1. Shape of the cells2. Number of layers

What shapes can you find? Squamous

• (squashed) flat

Cuboidal

• Cube shape

Columnar

• Column shape

How many layers of cells? Simple

• Only one layer

Stratified

• Several layers

Pseudostratified

• Looks stratified but really is simple

What kind of epithelial tissue is this?

1. Squamous2. Cuboidal3. Columnar

A. simpleB. stratifiedC. pseudostratified







Epithelium that appears layered due to the varying levels at which nuclei are found in cells, but in reality is not layered, is:

1. Simple cuboidal epithelium

2. pseudostratified columnar epithelium

3. stratified squamous epithelium

4. stratified columnar epithelium

The primary purpose of stratification, or layering, in epithelial tissue is for increased: (where could you find this type of epithelial tissue?)

1. Protection

2. Secretion

3. absorption

The structure of connective tissue correlates with its function.

Where do you find Connective tissue?

Loose connective tissue

(under the skin)

Blood

Adipose Tissue

Fat droplets

Fibrous connective Tissue (tendons)

Cartilage

(at the end of the

bone)

Bone

Which of these is NOT a connective tissue?

1. Blood

2. Bone

3. Muscle

4. cartilage

Choosing from the following list of connective tissues, which one consists of cells in a fluid matrix?

1. loose connective tissue

2. adipose tissue

3. Bone

4. blood

How many types of Muscle tissues there is?

3 types

What are they?Cardiac muscle

•Not striated

• In the heart

Skeletal muscle

•Striated (lines)

• In muscle attached to skeleton

•VOLUNTARY

Smooth muscle

•Not striated (no lines)

• In blood vessel walls, digestive tract

•UNVOLUNTARY

WHERE DO YOU FIND SMOOTH MUSCLE?

1. Intestinal Wall

2. Heart

3. Blood vessels

4. Biceps

WHERE DO YOU FIND CARDIAC MUSCLE?

1. Intestinal Wall

2. Heart

3. Blood vessels

4. Biceps

WHERE DO YOU FIND SKELETAL MUSCLE?

1. Intestinal Wall

2. Heart

3. Blood vessels

4. biceps

Only Skeletal muscle is voluntary.

TRUE

FALSEFALSE

What is the function of Nervous tissue?






What is the basic unit of the nervous system?

NEURON

Where do you find nervous tissue?

Brain

Spinal Cord

CAVITIES

Dorsal

cavity

Cranial

cavity

Thoracic cavity

Ventral

cavity Abdominal

cavity

Pelvic cavity

vertebrae

spinal cord

diaphragm

Vertebral

canal

Which of these are located in the thoracic cavity?

1. Lungs

2. Stomach

3. Intestine

4. Ovaries

5. Heart

6. Rectum

7. Liver

8. Brain

9. Spinal Cord

1 and 5

Which of these are located in the pelvic cavity?

1. Lungs

2. Stomach

3. Intestine

4. Ovaries

5. Heart

6. Rectum

7. Liver

8. Brain

9. Spinal Cord

4 and 6

Which of these are located in the Abdominal cavity?

1. Lungs

2. Stomach

3. Intestine

4. Ovaries

5. Heart

6. Rectum

7. Liver

8. Brain

9. Spinal Cord

2, 3 and 7

Which of these are located in the cranial cavity?

1. Lungs

2. Stomach

3. Intestine

4. Ovaries

5. Heart

6. Rectum

7. Liver

8. Brain

9. Spinal Cord

8

Which of these are located in the vertebral cavity?

1. Lungs

2. Stomach

3. Intestine

4. Ovaries

5. Heart

6. Rectum

7. Liver

8. Brain

9. Spinal Cord

9

THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

1. Supports body2. Protects soft body parts3. Produces blood cells4. Stores mineral and fat5. Along with muscles, permits flexible

body movement

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM?

Skull:

mandible

ribs

phalanges

humerus

ulna

phalanges

tibia

clavicle

scapulaThoracic cage:sternum

Costal cartilages

Vertebral column

Pelvic girdle

sacrumcoccyx

femur

patella

fibula

carpals

radius

tarsalsmetatarsals

metacarpals

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cranium

Axial skeleton

Appendicular skeleton

Which of these is found in the axial skeleton?

1. Sternum

2. Carpals

3. Ribs

4. Vertebra

5. Cranium

6. Patella

7. Tibia

8. Femur

1, 3, 4 and 5

Which of these is found in the appendicular skeleton?

1. Sternum

2. Carpals

3. Ribs

4. Vertebra

5. Cranium

6. Patella

7. Tibia

8. Femur

2, 6, 7 and 8

What are the 3 types of skeletal joints?

Don’t move - FIBROUS

• skull

Move a little bit -CARTILOGENOUS

• Ribs, sternum , vertebra

Move - SYNOVIAL

What are synovial joints and what are the different types?

What kind of movement can you do?

permit movement in all planes

permit movement in one direction only

permit only rotational movement

Give an example of a ball and socket joint.

Give an example of a hinge joint.

Give an example of a pivot joint.

compact bone

cartilage

spongy bone(contains red bone marrow)

Central cavity(contains yellow bone marrow)

blood vessel

diaphysis

epiphysis

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epiphysis

Fibrous connective tissue

Where is the yellow bone marrow located?

diaphysis

epiphysis

epiphysis

In the diaphysis

What does the yellow bone marrow store?

2. Red blood cells

1. Fat

2. Red blood cells

Where is the red bone marrow located?

diaphysis

epiphysis

epiphysis

In the epiphysis

What does the red bone marrow produce?

2. Red blood cells

1. Fat1. Fat

• Pull on bones to produce movements

• Skeletal muscles = voluntary movements

• Attached to the bone by tendons

• 650 human skeletal muscles

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Name the muscle

ABDUCTOR sorry about the mistake in class

Name the muscle

Name the muscle

Name the muscle

Name the muscle

Name the muscle

Name the muscle

Business

Practice exam 4