Russell Ockendon control centre built environment design consultants Fiona McDonald absolute INJURY SOLUTIONS

3rd Annual Control Room Design & Operation Conference | 4-5 March 2015 | Melbourne Australia |

Ergo  =  work  Nomos  =  arrange  

Ergo  =  work  Nomos  =  arrange  The  scien3fic  study  of  the  rela3onship  between  man  and  his  working  environment  (Murrell,  1965)  

Ergo  =  work  Nomos  =  arrange  The  scien3fic  study  of  the  rela3onship  between  man  and  his  working  environment  (Murrell,  1965)  

A  study  of  man’s  behaviour  in  rela3on  to  his  work    (Grandjean,  1980)  

Ergo  =  work  Nomos  =  arrange  The  scien3fic  study  of  the  rela3onship  between  man  and  his  working  environment  (Murrell,  1965)  

A  study  of  man’s  behaviour  in  rela3on  to  his  work    (Grandjean,  1980)  

The  study  of  how  humans  accomplish  work-­‐related  tasks  in  the  context  of  human–machine  systems    (Meister,  1989)  

Ergo  =  work  Nomos  =  arrange  The  scien3fic  study  of  the  rela3onship  between  man  and  his  working  environment  (Murrell,  1965)  

A  study  of  man’s  behaviour  in  rela3on  to  his  work    (Grandjean,  1980)  

The  study  of  how  humans  accomplish  work-­‐related  tasks  in  the  context  of  human–machine  systems    (Meister,  1989)  

Applied  informa3on  about  human  behaviour,  abili3es,  limita3ons  and  other  characteris3cs  to  the  design  of  tools,  machines,  tasks,  jobs  and  environments  (Sanders  and  McCormick,  1993)  

Ergo  =  work  Nomos  =  arrange  The  scien3fic  study  of  the  rela3onship  between  man  and  his  working  environment  (Murrell,  1965)  

A  study  of  man’s  behaviour  in  rela3on  to  his  work    (Grandjean,  1980)  

The  study  of  how  humans  accomplish  work-­‐related  tasks  in  the  context  of  human–machine  systems    (Meister,  1989)  

Applied  informa3on  about  human  behaviour,  abili3es,  limita3ons  and  other  characteris3cs  to  the  design  of  tools,  machines,  tasks,  jobs  and  environments  (Sanders  and  McCormick,  1993)  

That  branch  of  science  which  seeks  to  turn  human–machine  antagonism  into  human–machine  synergy    (Hancock,  1997)  

We  have  •  humans  •  machines                                    -­‐hardware                                  -­‐soUware                                  -­‐buildings  •  the  business  /  

organiza3on  •  the  environment  harmoniously  integrated  

Ref  :  ISO  11064:1  2000  

Main  objec+ve:  

“to  ensure  that  the  control  room  is  designed  with  adequate  working  condi3ons  with  regards  human  safety,  well  being  and  health  whilst  taking  into  account  technological  and  economic  efficiency”  

“  a  great  design,  not  only  requires  great  designers…it  also  requires  great  management,  because  the  hardest  part  of  producing  a  great  product  (control  room)  is  co-­‐ordina3ng  all  the  many  separate  disciplines  –  each  with  their  

different  goals  and  priori3es”    Ref  :  The  design  of    everyday  things  –  D.A.  Norman  2013  

Conflic3ng  priori3es:  •  Timeframes  for  build  and  opera3on  

•  To  be  built  economically  

•  High  end  appearance;  pres3ge  •  Func3onality  &  Usability  •  Serviceability  &    Accessibility  •  Safe  and  Ergonomic  

“  the  process  of  ensuring  that  the  users  needs  are  met,  that  the  resul3ng  product  is  understandable,  usable,  that  is  accomplishes  the  desired  tasks,  and  that  the  experience  of  use  is  posi3ve  and  enjoyable”  Source:  The  design  of  everyday  things.  D.A.Norman  2013  

Human Centred Design

support    operator  tasks  

maximise  situa3on  awareness  

provides  safe  and  

comfortable  environment  

avoid  human  error  

use  colour  &  symbols  effec3vely  

A procedure for addressing these design requirements

Emphasis is on 2 things:

1. Solving the right problem

2. Doing so in a way that meets human needs and capabilities.

A procedure for addressing these design requirements

Emphasis is on 2 things:

1. Solving the right problem

2. Doing so in a way that meets human needs and capabilities.

A procedure for addressing these design requirements

Emphasis is on 2 things:

1. Solving the right problem

2. Doing so in a way that meets human needs and capabilities.

IDEA GENERATION

PROTOTYPING TESTING

OBSERVATION

•  Observing  the  users  in  their  natural  environment,  in  their  normal  work  roles,  at  all  3mes  and  during  all  modes  of  system  opera3on.  

•  Ini3al  research  on  the  customer  and  the  people  who  will  be  using  the  control  room    

•  To  understand  the  nature  of  the  problem  

•  To  understand  users  roles,  interests  and  needs  

•  Observing  the  users  in  their  natural  environment,  in  their  normal  work  roles,  at  all  3mes  and  during  all  modes  of  system  opera3on.  

•  Ini3al  research  on  the  customer  and  the  people  who  will  be  using  the  control  room    

•  To  understand  the  nature  of  the  problem  

•  To  understand  users  roles,  interests  and  needs  

•  Observing  the  users  in  their  natural  environment,  in  their  normal  work  roles,  at  all  3mes  and  during  all  modes  of  system  opera3on.  

•  Ini3al  research  on  the  customer  and  the  people  who  will  be  using  the  control  room    

•  To  understand  the  nature  of  the  problem  

•  To  understand  users  roles,  interests  and  needs  

•  Observing  the  users  in  their  natural  environment,  in  their  normal  work  roles,  at  all  3mes  and  during  all  modes  of  system  opera3on.  

•  Ini3al  research  on  the  customer  and  the  people  who  will  be  using  the  control  room    

•  To  understand  the  nature  of  the  problem  

•  To  understand  users  roles,  interests  and  needs  

•  Observing  the  users  in  their  natural  environment,  in  their  normal  work  roles,  at  all  3mes  and  during  all  modes  of  system  opera3on.  

•  Ini3al  research  on  the  customer  and  the  people  who  will  be  using  the  control  room    

•  To  understand  the  nature  of  the  problem  

•  To  understand  users  roles,  interests  and  needs  

GENERAL USER CONSIDERATIONS Anthropometry (body sizes), range of capabilities, range of postures & visual needs. Multiple/single users, control design

VISUAL TASKS Viewing locations, distances, font, colours, data, primary & secondary displays, ageing/visual limitations

AUDITORY TASKS alarms, speakers, radios, phones, location & mounting

WORKING POSTURES Variety, seating, clearances, forearm supports etc, 24/7 requirements

DISPLAYS Caters for full range of operating scenarios, meets visual, aural and tactile needs. Distribution between wall mounted off-desk and on-desk, location, arrangement, adjustability, to meet anthropometric needs.

CONTROLS Adequate space & location, left & right handed users, allocation clearly identifiable, emergency controls

MAINTENANCE & CABLE MANAGEMENT Suitably housed and accessible.

VISUAL DISPLAYS & DISTANCES

DESIGN OF FLOOR PLAN / SAFETY Multiple / single floor levels

WORKING SPACE single/multiple operator; shift handover

WINDOWS Relative to workstations

FUTURE EXPANSION NEEDS

VERTICAL SPACE

VISITORS

WORKSTATION LAYOUTS & OPERATIONAL LINKS

Communication, visual needs, day v’s night, location of a/c & lighting, off-desk screens

TEAM WORKING NEEDS

ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS Supervisory locations

ROOM LAYOUT Group/single workstations, noise, circulation

CONSISTENCY THROUGHOUT BUSINESS

PHYSICALLY DISADVANTAGED

PERSONAL STORAGE

POSTURE VARIATION & BODY SIZE

USER GROUPS Integrated; single user; multiple user

COMMUNICATION NEEDS Visual, verbal, within, external

TRAFFIC AND ROUTING Access, distractions

ENTRANCES & EXITS Security, locations, supervision

ENVIRONMENT Physical & psychological impact, glare, reflections, temperature, vibration, colour, ambience, lighting

CLEANING Materials used, design of equipment

MAINTENANCE Access, location to operators

VISITORS Access needs, “fishbowl” issues, noise, distraction

SUPPORTING INFORMATION Access, storage, location to operators

EQUIPMENT AREAS IT, electrical

WELFARE AREAS PPE, personal storage, toilets, showers, meeting rooms, cultural needs, kitchen, rest areas

MISCELLANEOUS Conference, study, training needs. Emergency response areas

THERMAL CONDITIONS Internal climatic environmental conditons, person control over temperature,

AIR QUALITY Air draughts, noise and vibration from a/c units, adjacent rooms and odors

LIGHTING Flexibility of lighting options 24/7, vigilance, glare, reflections, windows, skylights, artificial lighting, luminaires, visual access to daylight, control of natural lighting

ACOUSTICS Inter-person communication, alarms, concentration needs, annoyance levels, ability to discriminate auditory information, acoustic disabilities

VIBRATION Location in relation to sources of vibration

INTERIOR DESIGN & AESTHETICS Calming work environment; colours and psychological effects; floor surfaces, workstation & equipment finishes, non-reflective luminaires, blinds and glazing, sound absorbing furnishings.

The    stage  of  genera3ng  poten3al  solu3ons  -­‐  Crea3vity  is  cri3cal  without  regards  to  constraints  

-­‐  Generate  numerous  ideas  

-­‐  Ques3on  everything  -­‐   challenge  the  old  ways    -­‐  Ask  stupid  ques3ons  

“The only way to really know whether an idea is reasonable is to test it”

Initial drawings / sketches Simple mock-ups

•  Mocking up the prototypes to full scale and allowing users to touch & feel the design

•  Allow users to discuss likes, dislikes, frustrations out loud whilst using mock-up. Can use rating surveys, formal questioning etc.

•  Don’t be afraid of criticism, it can only be for the good of the design. •  Review the design and look for where further improvements can be made and what are the positive design features.

•  Iteration enables continual refinement and enhancement •  Better designs occur when we encounter difficulties as

we move through the process •  Iteration ensures the problem is being solved as well as

making sure the solution is appropriate •  To achieve good control room design we need to do

repeated study and testing. •  With each cycle the ideas become clearer, the

specifications better defined and prototypes closer to the actual product

•  Iteration enables continual refinement and enhancement •  Better designs occur when we encounter difficulties as

we move through the process •  Iteration ensures the problem is being solved as well as

making sure the solution is appropriate •  To achieve good control room design we need to do

repeated study and testing. •  With each cycle the ideas become clearer, the

specifications better defined and prototypes closer to the actual product

•  Iteration enables continual refinement and enhancement •  Better designs occur when we encounter difficulties as

we move through the process •  Iteration ensures the problem is being solved as well as

making sure the solution is appropriate •  To achieve good control room design we need to do

repeated study and testing. •  With each cycle the ideas become clearer, the

specifications better defined and prototypes closer to the actual product

•  Iteration enables continual refinement and enhancement •  Better designs occur when we encounter difficulties as

we move through the process •  Iteration ensures the problem is being solved as well as

making sure the solution is appropriate •  To achieve good control room design we need to do

repeated study and testing. •  With each cycle the ideas become clearer, the

specifications better defined and prototypes closer to the actual product

•  Iteration enables continual refinement and enhancement •  Better designs occur when we encounter difficulties as

we move through the process •  Iteration ensures the problem is being solved as well as

making sure the solution is appropriate •  To achieve good control room design we need to do

repeated study and testing. •  With each cycle the ideas become clearer, the

specifications better defined and prototypes closer to the actual product

•  Iteration enables continual refinement and enhancement •  Better designs occur when we encounter difficulties as

we move through the process •  Iteration ensures the problem is being solved as well as

making sure the solution is appropriate •  To achieve good control room design we need to do

repeated study and testing. •  With each cycle the ideas become clearer, the

specifications better defined and prototypes closer to the actual product

•  When the design team manager feels that the highest quality design has been achieved within the design schedule

•  Usually just before the deadline for the design team

•  When the design team manager feels that the highest quality design has been achieved within the design schedule

•  Usually just before the deadline for the design team

•  When the design team manager feels that the highest quality design has been achieved within the design schedule

•  Usually just before the deadline for the design team

•  When the design team manager feels that the highest quality design has been achieved within the design schedule

•  Usually just before the deadline for the design team