Group Name

“Leaders”Presented by :

Malik Abdur Rehman

Group MembersAbdur Rehman Ashraf

Muhammad AmirFaisal-ur-RehmanJunaid NawazAbdal Imitiaz

A short information

about Russia

Russia officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation. It is a

country in northern Eurasia.

Russia is the largest country in the world,

covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area.

Russia is also the world's ninth most populous

nation with nearly 143 million people.

History of Russia• The early history of Russia, like those of many

countries, is one of migrating peoples and ancient kingdoms. In fact, early Russia was not exactly "Russia," but a collection of cities that gradually coalesced into an empire.

• Leader of Russia Was Mr. Rurik who led his people in 862 to the city of Novgorod on the Volkhov River.

History of RurikBorn: 830 AD, Friesland, NetherlandsDied: 879 AD, Novgorod Oblast, Russia

Rurik or Riurik was a legendary Varangian chieftain who gained control of Ladoga in 862 to 879.

President of Russia

Born: October 7, 1952 (age 63), Saint Petersburg, RussiaHeight: 1.7 mNationality: RussianPolitical Party:Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Vladimir Putin

The politics of Russia place in a framework of a federal semi-presidential republic.

President - Vladimir Putin

Prime Minister - Dmitry Medvedev

Capital Of Russia Moscow

Area: 2,511 km²Weather: -9°C, Wind E at 11 km/h, 68% Humidity

Population: 11.92 million (2012)

• Capital and largest city – Moscow• Official language – Russian

Facts National Food : Okroshka Indepedence Declaration year:1990 National Flower : Chamomile National Animal: Russian Bear National Drink: Kvass Female Dress: Sarafan Male Dress: Kosovotha Victory Day : 9 May 1945

Demographics Of RussiaArea: 17.1 (Million) KmPopulation Size :

146.5 (Million)Growth Rate : 0.19% Currency:

Russian ruble

Demographics Of RussiaLife expectancy: 70.9 years (2014) • male65.3 years • female76.5 yearsBirth Rate per Women:

1.59 Births (2012) Literacy Rate : 99.7%99.7% men99.6% women

Demographics Of Russia• Unemployment Rate: 4.80% -14.10%

(recently 5.8%)

• Employed Persons: 72.30 %

• Unemployed Persons: 4.40%

• Employment Rate: 65.30 %

Division Of PopulationAccording to the 2010 censusEthnic Russian People:

81% of the total population Six other ethnicities: Tatars (3.9%), Ukrainians (1.4%), Bashkir

(1.1%), Chuvash (1%), Chechens (1%) Armenians (0.9%)

Division Of PopulationRussia’s population density:

8.4 people per square kilo metre (22 per square mile)

Urban : 74% of the population is urban

De-urbanisation rate :

 0.2%

ClimateClimate of Russia can be

described ashighly continental

influenced climate with warm to hot dry summers and (very) cold winters with temperatures of -30°C and lower and sometimes heavy snowfall.

Climate Precipitation varies from region to region; the

Western parts of Russia have the most rain (up to 750 mm), the southern and southeastern areas in the russian Steppes are the Dryest with an annual averagebelow 200 mm.

Educational System

• Education in Russia is provided predominantly by the state and is regulated by the Ministry of Education and Science.

• Russia has a long-standing tradition in high-quality education for all citizens.

• It probably has also one of the best mass-education systems in the world producing a literacy rate (98%)

exceeding most Western European countries.

• Education is split into a compulsory Basic Education, and ongoing Higher Education.

Russia has a free education system, which is guaranteed for all citizens by the Constitution.

The complete course of studying in Russia is 11 years.

School is divided into three phases, officially referred to as: "elementary school", "basic school" and "high

school".

•Pre-school education (till 6 years): a kindergarten1.Primary education (age level 6-10): 1—4

grades2.Basic general education (age level 10-15): 5—9

grades3.Secondary (full) general education (age level

15-17): 10—11 grades•Average vocational training (age level 15-19) (after

9th grade): 4 yearsPrimary, basic and secondary education in the school

according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation are compulsory for all ( since 2007)

Kindergartens, unlike schools, are regulated by regional and local authorities. The Ministry of

Education and Science regulates only a brief pre-school preparation program for the 5–6 year old children. In 2004 the government attempted to charge full cost of kindergartens to the parents;

widespread public opposition caused a reversal of policy. Currently, local authorities can legally

charge the parents not more than 20% of cost. Twins, children of college students, refugees,

veterans and other protected social groups are entitled to free service.

PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION

According to the 2012 census, 68% of children aged

5 are enrolled in kindergartens.

• They are taught, by a single teacher through all four elementary grades

(except for physical training, foreign language and music).

• Children of elementary classes are normally separated from other classes within their own floor of a school building.

• 98.5% of elementary school teachers are women.

For five years, from 5th to 9th grade, students study at the basic school. The high school gives basic knowledge on mainstreams of sciences. Each training course is taught by different teachers, specialized in the subject they teach. All day students move from class to class. The class teacher is chosen to a class — one of teachers at school, which officially is responsible for a class, solves administrative and organizational questions.

BASİC SCHOOL EDUCATION

• In Russia, there are 1 360 000 teachers and 13 360 000 students who are placed on 53 thousand schools.

• There are 3 thousand Russian universities. Every year, 110 000 students graduate from this universities. The total number of university students is 7 million. The total number of teachers in universities is 341 000.

• There are also about 2 000 schools with 300 000 children. This schools are designed for disabled children with special health needs and development.

About Private Schools• There are about 700 private schools in Russia, of

which 250 are located in Moscow and about 50 more in the Moscow Region.

• The advantages of private schools are numerous: smaller class sizes (12 to 15 pupils on average) allow for a more individualized approach to educating children, including the so-called “problem cases,” as well as full boarding programs and advanced study of foreign languages and other popular subjects such as math, economics and art. 

University Education• Bakalavr (Bachelor's) degree programmes last for 4

years of full-time university-level study. • The programmes are elaborated in accordance with

the State Educational Standards which regulate 50% of the content, the other 50% being developed by the university. The programmes include professional and special courses in Science, the Humanities and Socioeconomic disciplines, professional training, completion of final research paper/project and sitting for State final exams.

• Having obtained the Bakalavr degree, students may apply to enter the Magistr programmes or continue their studies in the framework of the Specialist Diploma programmes.

Photos of the oldest and largest

Russian Universities

Moscow State University

Saint Petersburg State University

Major Industries Of Russia • Construction Machinary• Chemical Industry• Fuel and Energy • Military Weapons• Automotive Industry

Major Export And Imports • Energy, oil, Petrol ,Gas, Coal, Rolled Steel etcMajor Imports • Consumer Goods• Vehicles• Food Stuffs• Chemical Products • Industrial Consumer Good

Russia (2014)

• Surface area: 17,098,242 km² (1st)

• Population: 143,8 millions (9th)

• GDP (US$): 1.861 trillions (6th)

• GDP per capita (US$): 12,925

• Gini: 0.42 (83rd)

• Currency: Russian Ruble (RUB)

10/07/2015 Russian Federation – Economic Environment

2

History

• Since Putin’s access to power in 1999 Russia’s GDP has doubled

• Population below poverty line decreased from 35% to 11% (2003-2013)

• Living standards of average Russian doubled

Russian Federation – Economic Environment

410/07/2015

Economy: Natural resources

• Natural resources contribute 19% to GDP• Value of sub-soil wealth: $75 trillion (Largest on earth)• Federal budget revenues from energy sector: 50%

Russian Federation – Economic Environment

510/07/2015

68%

11%

17%

4%

Russian exports 2013 in %

Oil & GasMetals & precious metalsManufactured goodsOther

Economy: Structural flaws

• State ownership made comeback under Putin (50% of GDP in 2012)

• SME’s account for only 20% of GDP and employment

• Global rankings:• Index of Economic Freedom 2015: 143rd of 178 (OECD)• Doing Business 2013: 62nd of 185 (WB)• Corruption Perception Index 2014: 136 of 175 (Transparency INT.)

• Cost of corruption estimated at 50% of GDP (!)

Russian Federation – Economic Environment

710/07/2015

Economy: Lack of innovation

• Russia’s scientific publications are 4% of the US’

• High technology exports 8,3% compared to EU’s 15,3%

Russian Federation – Economic Environment

1010/07/2015

R&D spending as % of GDP in 2011 International patents in 2012

Fiscal countermeasures

• Ban on imports of food from western countries (food inflation at 20%)

• Infrastructure projects for RUB 900 billion or 1,2% of GDP

Russian Federation – Economic Environment

1710/07/2015

Real GDP growth

• Real GDP growth decreased from 1,3% in 2013 to 0,6% in 2014

Russian Federation – Economic Environment

1810/07/2015

Trade

• Government banned food imports from western countries

• Decrease in imports was larger than decrease in exports

Russian Federation – Economic Environment

1910/07/2015

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Growth in Imports/Exports % of GDP

Imports Exports

Government budget

• 50% of budget depending on energy revenues

• Government budget does not give the full picture of the damage done to the state

• Sovereign wealth fund dropped by 0,1% GDP

08 09 10 11 12 13 14

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6 5

-6

-3

20

-1 -1

Government Surplus/deficit in % of GDP

Russian Federation – Economic Environment

2210/07/2015

Government debt

• Increase in 2014

• Low levels of debt

• Debt does not seem to pose a long term problem

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

56 58 56 55 56 56 57

89101 107 111 115 117 118

8 11 11 12 13 14 18

Debt-to-GDP ratio in %

AVG BICAVG G7RUSSIA

Russian Federation – Economic Environment

2310/07/2015

Russia, Pakistan & China

World’s New

RELATIONS WITH DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

The world is coming toward a bipolar world with China, Russia, Pakistan and a number of other authoritarian countries of Central Asia on one side, and the U.S., EU, Japan and their Asian allies on the other side.

Pak-Russia Military Cooperation• Increasing military cooperation between Islamabad and

Moscow would not negatively impact Russia’s ties with India, Pak-Russia ties are improving in other sectors as well, including energy, Ryabkov said.

Pakistan-China-Russia: A new big 3

• China, who is a traditional ally of Pakistan and has always supported the country against its historical rival India with its military equipment and in the fields of diplomacy, is showing clear signs of forming this new China-Russia-Pakistan triangle, which is likely to lead to the bipolar world.

Formidable Pakistan-China-Russia Triangle

• Moscow’s soft and friendly attitude towards Islamabad

• Pak-Russia armament deal• Pak-Russia Gas pipeline deal• Pak-China Economic Corridor• Pakistan-China-Russia ties, need of the hour

Moscow’s soft and friendly attitude towards Islamabad

• Moscow lifted its self-imposed arms embargo on Islamabad in November 2014.

• Then the Cold War rivals signed a historical military cooperation agreement, which was based on exchange of politico-military information, beefing up the countries’ defense and counter-terrorism sectors as well as combining their efforts on developments in Afghanistan.

Pakistan-Russia Armament Deal• Russia and Pakistan have already started collaborating in the

areas of defense and energy resources. Islamabad may purchase Mi-35 combat helicopters in addition to importing of the Klimov RD-93 engines from Russia for its JF-17 multi-role fighters. It must be noted that China and Pakistan are involved in co-production and co-development of JF-17 fighter jets.

Pakistan-Russia Gas-pipeline Deal• Russian state-owned company Rostekh Corporation

also announced its plans to build a 680-mile gas pipeline to Pakistan by 2017 costing about $2.5 billion.

Pakistan-China-Russia security

• For both China and Russia, Washington presents a challenge and U.S. global dominance must be stopped for the sake of their own security, while Pakistan would not mind to ensure its own safety under the wing of the China and Russia.

Challenge for the next president of U.S. in 2016

• Pakistan-China-Russia A Perfect Fit For One Another

• China’s Big Economy• A New Market For Russia

• Tough Time For United States• U.S Presidential Challenge 2016

Pakistan-China-Russia

• What makes China, Russia and Pakistan a perfect fit for one another is the fact that Russia can replace Western military technology enough for both China and Pakistan. In addition, Moscow is known to be a reliable energy supplier for its allies.

China’s Big Economy

• China, for its part, is much more powerful in terms of its economy compared to the two other countries of the triangle. Besides, a great amount of foreign exchange reserves are looking to invest and require energy supplies.

A New Market For Russia

• Pakistan, has a developing economy and requires both military equipment and energy supplies from Russia and protection from China. In that case, Russia will open a new market for its military equipment, while possibly continuing to supply weapons to India.