SEEDS AND GROWING PLANTS

PARTS OF A PLANTRoots -> Take in water and food (mineral salts) from soil. Anchors plants. The roots of a plant are spread out.Stem -> "Like a straw", transports water through plant. Raises the height of flowers and leaves. Brings closer to light. Structural. The stem is made up of little tubes.Leaves -> Different shapes. Almost always green but sometimes covered with another colour such as red. Green substance in leaves -> chlorophyll. Leaves make food for the plant. To do this they need the water and mineral salts obtained from the soil. They are carried inside little veins in the leaf. To make food leaves also need sunshine and CO2.Flowers - > Flowers produce seeds which form new plants.Space and warmth also needed for a plant to grow.

FUNCTION OF PLANT PARTS

Root

The root is the part of the plant that takes in water and minerals for the plant.Roots have root hairs that increase the surface area for more water absorption.

StemThe stem has vessels that transport sap and water throughout the plant.Sap is a nutrient-rich fluid that contains a lot of sugar.

LeafTwo Functions of the LeafPhotosynthesis is the process when leaf cells containing chlorophyll take in carbon dioxide and water and using sunlight, make sugar and oxygen.Transpiration is the loss of water from the leaf. This helps to draw water up through the plant from the roots.Leaf Cross-SectionUpper and Lower Epidermis - protective layers on the upper and lower sides of the leafCuticle - waxy layer on the upper epidermis to reduce water lossPalisade Cell Layer - layer without chloroplasts beneath the upper epidermisSpongy Mesophyll Layer - layer beneath palisade layer containing chloroplasts which photosynthesise sugars; also contains veins carrying xylem and phloem, and many air spaces for exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygenStoma (Plural: Stomata) - pores in the lower epidermis that are surrounded by bean-shaped guard cells that contain chloroplasts.

PARTS OF A FLOWER

What are seeds?

Parts of a seed – seed coat

Parts of a seed – seed coat

Why are seeds so different?Why are seeds so different?Shape Size Colour Texture

• Cactus seed under a powerful microscope

Seed coat texture

Parts of a seed – Inside the seedParts of a seed – Inside the seed

Parts of a seed

First leaves

Epicotyle = stem

What do seeds need to GERMINATE?

What do seeds need to GERMINATE?

Oxygen - Growth

Sun - Energy for PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Temperature – Cold? Hot? Warm?

Water - Photosynthesis and growth

GERMINATIONGERMINATIONWhat is germination?

Steps:1. Seed coat breaks

2. Radicle becomes ROOT

3. Hypocotyl and epicotyl become the STEM

4. First leaves grow = PHOTOSYNTHESIS

First leaves

PARTS OF A SEED - INSIDEPARTS OF A SEED - INSIDE

Plants need NUTRIENTSPlants need NUTRIENTS

Carbon

Oxygen

Hydrogen

Soil nutrients

Nitrogen – Growth, photosynthesis

Phosphorus – photosynthesis, flowering

Potassium – build proteins, prevent disease

Calcium – Strong cells

Magnesium – Photosynthesis

Sulfur - build proteins and produce food

Soil nutrients

MADE BY : C.ABHIROOP REDDY

CLASS : V-C

ROLL.NO : 23

SUB.TEACHER : MRS.NEERAJA RANI MADAM