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SHANTI KUMARIEntry no. 2013TTF2771
Course : Theory and practice of textile finishing (TTL742)
Slide 2 of 27
Introduction• The requirement to render the surface of a
number of products self-cleaning or at least easy-to-clean is an important general issue in a vast range of technologies.
• Such a distinguished property would substantially enhance the utility value of the products and would improve the environment quality.
• There are several approaches of declaring a surface to be self cleaning.
Shanti Kumari @IITD
Slide 3 of 27
Mechanism of self cleaning
The Lotus effect
Photocatalytic coatings
Easy to clean finishing
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Slide 4 of 27
The Lotus effect
Asperities
Papillae
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Slide 5 of 27
The Lotus effect
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Slide 6 of 27
The Lotus effect
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Slide 7 of 27
Photocatalytic coatings
Fabric surface coated with TiO2valence band
e-
+
Conduction band
BAND GAP
e
-
h
+
Organic
compound
O2
OH-
H2O
CO2
e
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Slide 8 of 27
Easy to clean finishing
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Slide 9 of 27
Manufacturing methodsThere are several methods of rendering a
textile surface self cleaning, some of which are :
Surface rougheningPhotocatalytic coatingBy applying self cleaning finishes
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Slide 10 of 27
Surface rougheningFor textiles , the most efficient method of
surface roughening is applying silver nano particles onto it.
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Slide 11 of 27
Photocatalytic coating
Application of photocatalytic coating involves two steps :
Preparation of TiO2 sol
Application of TiO2 sol onto the fabric
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Padding
Drying
Curing
TiO2 coated fabric
APPLICATION
TiO2 sol Fabric
Titanium iso propoxideAcidic water (containing 0.2 % HCl and 0.2 % acetic acid under mechanical stirring
60 deg for 16 hr with continuous stirring
5 times deionized water
1% softener
PREPARATIONDippin
g
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Stain decomposition test with (1) coffee stain , (2) red wine stain (3) curry stain , (a) controlled sample, (b) treated sample after 0 h, rinsing, 4 h, 10 washing and 20 washing.
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Slide 14 of 27
Table : Staining grades of coffee, red wine and curry stains
Stain gradesStains 0 h Rinsed 4h
irradiation10
Washing20
Washing
Coffee stain Controlled cotton
1 2 2 - -
TiO2 treated
cotton
1 2 5 4.5 3.5
Red wine stain
Controlled cotton
1 2 2 - -
TiO2 treated
cotton
1 2 5 4 3
Curry stain Controlled cotton
1 2.5 2.5 - -
TiO2 treated
cotton
1 2.5 5 4.5 3.5Shanti Kumari @IITD
Slide 15 of 27
Easy to clean (ETC) finishesEasy to clean finishes are actually nano coating
of silicone di oxide.
This innovative water repellent nano-coating for textiles protects almost any type of textile from water, dirt, contamination and stains – whilst remaining totally invisible.
It will not affect the appearance, its ability to breath, its colour or handle and is easy to maintain.
Shanti Kumari @IITD
Slide 16 of 27
ETC finishes :Examples of use: Clothing Household textiles (pillows, furniture),
carpets Suede/leather Paper, cardboard Wood
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Slide 17 of 27
ETC finishes :Other properties: Food-safe (inert) Permanent (UV-stable, very resistant to
abrasion) Temperature resistant Breathable Simple application Washing and cleaning agent resistant
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Slide 18 of 27
Areas of application of self cleaning finishes Medical textiles e.g. Hospital garments Sport tech e.g. Athletic wear Defense textile e.g. Military uniforms Smart textiles Upholstery Under garments
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Some market products with self cleaning Schoeller Nanosphere technology :
BBlack diamond tour
gloves$ 39.99
Simms g
uide
wading boots
$199.99
Westcomb
recon cargo
$ 199.95
Manzella
hatchback
$ 29.99Manzella
hatchback
mitt/gloves
$ 29.99
Mam
mut
extre
me
hybrid
pants
$299.99
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Slide 20 of 27
Advantages of self cleaning finishes :
Generally speaking easy to clean surfaces are less susceptible to dirt accumulation.
The benefit: stress free and easy cleaning, saves time and cost.
Reduces water consumption. Reduces energy consumption to be involved
in frequent washing.
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Slide 21 of 27
Limitations of self cleaning finishes:
TiO2 nanoparticles increases DNA strand breaks, frequency of DNA deletion, induces micronuclie, oxidative DNA damage.
The droplets dry individually, leaving behind dirt residues although these are easy to remove.
When only a small amount of water is involved, droplets of run off water can form runaways, It is therefore necessary to consider where and how the easy-to-clean function should best be employed.
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Slide 22 of 27
Future developments :Multilayer assembly of TiO2 nano particles
and polyethylene glycol in search of a super hydrophilic surface without the use of UV irradiation.
Modification of TiO2 in order to achieve visible light photo catalysis .
Plenty of opportunities lies in this field using nano finishing , plasma treatment etc.
Shanti Kumari @IITD
Slide 23 of 27
Conclusion :In conclusion, self cleaning is a need of
todays advanced and sustainable growth. Self cleaning not only benefits us technically
but also economically by saving the energy and water consumption.
The commercial viability of these finishes will be customer driven and will depend on the value addition imparted by these finishes, so the more we improve more feasible will it be in the textile industry.
Shanti Kumari @IITD
References : [1] Vassilia Zorba, Xiaobo Chen and Samuel S. Mao, “Super hydrophilic TiO2 surface without photocatalytic activation” . Applied Physics Letters 96, 093702 (2010). [2] Reiner Furstner , Wilhelm Bartlett, Christoph Neinhuis and Peter Walzel, “Wetting and Self-Cleaning Properties of Artificial Superhydrophobic Surfaces,” Langmuir, 21, 956-961 (2005). [3] Bharat Bhushan , Yong Chae Jung, “Natural and biomimetic artificial surfaces for superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, low adhesion and drag reduction”. Progress in Materials Science 56 1–108 (2011). [4] Jirˇi Rathousky´, Vit Kalousek, Michal Kolarˇ, Jaromir Jirkovsky´, Petr Bartak, “A study into the self-cleaning surface properties—The photocatalytic decomposition of oleic acid”. Catalysis Today 161 202–208 (2011). [5] A.Mathiazhagan and Rani Joseph, “ Nanotechnology-A New Prospective in Organic Coating – Review.” International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 2 , No. 4 , 08 ( 2011). [6] Manoj A. Lazar, Jalil K. Tadvani, Wing Sze Tung, Lorena Lopez, Walid A. Daoud, “Nanostructured Thin Films as Functional Coatings”. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 12 012017 (2010). [7] M L Gulrajani and Deepti Gupta, “Emerging techniques for functional finishing of textiles” Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, Vol.36, 388-397 12 (2011).
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[8] Walid A. Daoud and Wing Sze Tung, “Self-cleaning Fibers via Nanotechnology - A Virtual Reality”. IEEE 978-1-4244-2104-6 08 (2008). [9] Shirley Coyle, Yanzhe Wu, King-Tong Lau, Danilo De Rossi, Gordon Wallace and Dermot Diamond, “Smart Nanotextiles: A Review of Materials and Applications”. MRS bulletin, volume 32, 05 (2007). [10] Kaihong Qi, Xiaowen Wang and John H Xin,” Photocatalytic self-cleaning textiles based on nanocrystalline titanium dioxide.” Textile Research Journal 0(00) 1–10 (2010) [11] Mohammad Shateri-Khalilabad , Mohammad E. Yazdanshenas, Ali Etemadifar, “Fabricating multifunctional silver nanoparticles-coated cotton fabric”. Arabian Journal of Chemistry (still in press) (2013). [12] Deyong Wu , Lianzhi Wang, Xinjian Song , Yuanbin Tan, “ Enhancing the visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity of the self-cleaning TiO2- coated cotton by loading Ag/AgCl nanoparticles.” Thin Solid Films 540 36–40 (2013). [13] Dariakibanova, Javieracervini-silva and Hugodestallats, “Efficiency of Clay- TiO2 Nanocomposites on the Photocatalytic Elimination of a Model Hydrophobic Air Pollutant Environ.” Sci. Technol. 43, 1500–1506 (2009). [14] Leyla Budama, Burcin Acar Cakır, Onder Topel , Numan Hoda , “A new strategy for producing antibacterial textile surfaces using silver nanoparticles.” Chemical Engineering Journal 228 489–495 (2013).
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[15] Penwisa Pisitsak, Arnon Samootsoot and Nassarin Chokpanich, “Investigation of the Self-cleaning Properties of Cotton Fabrics Finished with Nano-TiO2 and Nano-TiO2 Mixed with Fumed Silica”. KKU Res. J. 18(2): 200-211 (2013) [16] J. Kiwi, C. Pulgarin. “ Innovative self-cleaning and bactericide textiles”. Catalysis Today 151 2–7 (2010). [17] Chutima Srisitthiratkul, Voraluck Pongsorrarith, Narupol Intasanta. “The potential use of nanosilver-decorated titanium dioxide nanofibers for toxin decomposition with antimicrobial and self-cleaning properties”. Applied Surface Science 257 8850– 8856 (2011). [18] JavierMarug´an, Paul Christensen, Terry Egerton,2 and Herry Purnama. “Influence of the Synthesis pH on the Properties and Activity of Sol-Gel TiO2 Photocatalysts”. International Journal of Photoenergy Volume, Article ID 759561, 7 pages (2008). [19] Mohamed Rehan , Andreas Hartwig , Matthias Ott , Linda Gätjen , Ralph Wilken. “Enhancement of photocatalytic self-cleaning activity and antimicrobial properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics,” Surface & Coatings Technology 219 50–58 (2013).[20] Nika Veronovski, Andreja Rudolf, Majda Sfiligoj Smole, Tatjana Kreže, and Jelka Geršak. “Self-cleaning and Handle Properties of TiO2- modified Textiles”. Fibers and Polymers Vol.10, No.4, 551-556 (2009).
Shanti Kumari @IITD
[21] Burcin Acar Cakır, Leyla Budama, Onder Topel, Numan Hoda,”Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using PS-b-PAA reverse micelle cores for UV protective, self-cleaning and antibacterial textile applications “. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 414 132– 139 (2012) . [22] Benedicte Trouiller, Ramune Reliene, Aya Westbrook, Parrisa Solaimani and Robert H. Schiestl, “Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce DNA damage and genetic instability in vivo mice”, Molecular Biology, Pathobiology and Genetics Cancer Res 69: (22) (2009). [23] S. Parthiban, “Self cleaning garments”, A review paper submitted in PSG College of Technology, downloaded on 14th September, (2013). [24] http://www.nanocare-ag.com/textilien/. As downloaded on 16th September, (2013).
Shanti Kumari @IITD
Slide 28 of 27
Thank you.
Shanti Kumari @IITD