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Business English at Work© 2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
ObjectivesDemonstrate knowledge of terms used in sentence construction. Use correct ending punctuation for statements, questions, commands, and exclamations.Identify simple, compound, and complete subjects.Identify simple, compound, and complete predicates.
PP 3-1a
continuedcontinued
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
ObjectivesRecognize direct objects, indirect objects, and other complements.Identify normal and inverted sentence order patterns.Differentiate between phrases and clauses.Identify simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences.Identify complete sentences, fragments, and run-on sentences.
PP 3-1b
continuedcontinued
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
A sentence consists of words correctly arranged to form a complete statement or idea.
A Sentence
PP 3-2
A sentence
begins with a capital letter.ends with an ending mark of punctuation.
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
Do the words make sense?Do the words indicate a complete thought?Does the group of words begin with a capital letter?Does the group of words end with a period, question mark, or exclamation point?
Ask these questions to determine whether words are a sentence.
PP 3-3
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
Express statements (declarative sentences).End with a period.
We offer a 30-day return policy.
Four Purposes of Sentences
PP 3-4a
Ask questions (interrogative sentences).End with a question mark if direct questions.Are the new brochures available yet?
End with a period if indirect questions.He asked whether I planned to revise the news
release.
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
Give commands and requests (imperative sentences). End with a period.
Direct CommandPlace your order within two days to receive a
discount.Courteous Request
Will you please call me by the end of the week.
Four Purposes of Sentences
PP 3-4a
Express emotions (exclamatory sentences). End with an exclamation point. Always satisfy your customers!
continuedcontinued
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
Subject
Sentences Have Two Parts
PP 3-5
PredicateVerb (action or “to be” form)Tells what the subject is doing or what the subject is
Often a noun or pronounIndicates who is speaking, who is spoken to, or who or what is spoken about
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
The simple subject is the main word of the subject.
Simple Subject
PP 3-6
Users can schedule unlimited sales calls with contact management software.We offer a discount to our employees.Outstanding customer service is our goal.
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
The compound subject is two or more main words in a subject.
Compound Subject
PP 3-7
Hudson Communications and Cellular Depot share an office building in the Redwood Business Park.Evening hours and free parking interest customers. Focus groups, phone messages, and postal card responses are all ways to obtain user opinions.
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
The complete subject consists of the simple or compound subject plus any of its modifiers.
Complete Subject
PP 3-8
Most customers comment on our window displays.Sales brochures describe our products.Free upgrades and extra bonus miles attract some travelers.
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
The simple predicate is a single verb or verb phrase.
Simple Predicate
PP 3-9
Tim speaks softly.I take inventory once a week.Our store hours are convenient.We have advertised our sale in the local newspaper.
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
The compound predicate is two or more verbs.
Compound Predicate
PP 3-10
I researched our orders and designed our latest sales brochure. Our accountant and the sales manager analyzed our sales and recommended new pricing of products.Other companies have visited our call center and ordered similar telephone headsets.
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
The complete predicate consists of the simple or compound predicate plus all modifiers that limit or describe the verbs.
Complete Predicate
PP 3-11
This short survey asks for your opinions about our customer service.Our company has an extensive video training library. The reports on this Website review a wide range of customer service issues.
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
Can be a noun or pronoun.Completes the verb by answering the questions whom? or what? after the verb.
A Direct Object
PP 3-12
Glenda plans seminars for our company.Service companies need outstanding delivery records.My supervisor praised me for resolving the problem.
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
Can be a noun or pronoun.Answers the questions to whom? or for whom?Usually precedes the direct object.Usually follows verb forms such as give, offer, wish, ship, make, refuse, present, or send.
An Indirect Object
PP 3-13a
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
Dynamic Designs offers me a 15 percent discount.The warehouse shipped Kerry the furniture last week.Our company gives customers a money-back guarantee.
Examples of Indirect Objects
PP 3-13b
continuedcontinued
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
Is a predicate noun or predicate pronoun that follows a linking verb (am, are, is was, were).Renames the subject.
A Subject Complement
PP 3-14
Richard Herrera is a customer service representative.We are the best sales team.
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
Is a predicate adjective that follows a linking verb (am, are, is, was, were).Modifies (describes) the subject.
A Predicate Complement
PP 3-15
Billboard advertising is expensive. Customers are a company’s most important asset.
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
Normal Order
Sentence Order
PP 3-16a
The subject appears first and the predicate follows.
Jerry responded.Your company’s competitors hired several young salespeople.I received the sales totals.We wish you success.The training video is free.
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
Inverted Order
Sentence Order
PP 3-16b
The predicate or part of the predicate is before the subject.
There are many compliments about our customer service.Here is the latest inventory report.Should we offer discounts to attract customers?How much will a customer satisfaction survey cost?On the Website are the details about our shipping policies.
continuedcontinued
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
A phrase is a sequence of words which has neither a subject nor a predicate.
Phrase
PP 3-17
Prepositional phrase: Begins with a preposition such as of, in, at, and for and ends with a noun or pronoun. Does not include a verb.
in our call center at our warehouse
Infinitive phrase: Begins with to and includes a verb form.
to offer a compromise to request a refund
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
A clause is a sequence of words with both a subject and a predicate.
Clause
PP 3-18a
Independent clause: Is a complete sentence and can stand alone.
We send a confirmation e-mail for each online order.
Dependent clause: Is not a complete sentence and cannot stand alone. It must be joined to an independent clause to make sense.
When you call our customer service department,
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
When a dependent clause introduces an independent clause, place a comma at the end of the dependent clause.
Clause
PP 3-18b
If the office furniture was damaged in moving, our standard guarantee still applies.Because we have 24-hour customer service, we have three customer service shifts.
continuedcontinued
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
Simple sentencesCompound sentencesComplex sentencesCompound-complex sentences
Sentence Formations
PP 3-19
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
A simple sentence is one independent clause in a subject-verb pattern.
Simple Sentence
PP 3-20
We cancelled the order last week.Rachel and I purchased a subscription to Advertising Age.Our customers shop online and refer others to our Website.The human relations specialist and my manager recommended less phone work and offered me another position.
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
A compound sentence is two independent clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction.
Compound Sentence
PP 3-21
Many of our customers are self-employed, and they purchase items for themselves.Limited quantities of this product are available, but we will ship your order next week.
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
A complex sentence consists of an independent clause and a dependent clause.
Complex Sentence
PP 3-22
When a product is listed as out of stock, your order will be filled as soon as possible.If your order cannot be shipped within 30 days, we will cancel the order.Because I arrived late for the sale, I could not find the items that I wanted.
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
A compound-complex sentence consists of more than one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
Compound-Complex Sentence
PP 3-23
If your order has not been shipped within 30 days, we will notify you of this delay by e-mail, and you will have the option to cancel your order.When you receive a promotional code, enter it on your order, but only one promotional code may be used for each order.
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
A sentence fragment consists of words, phrases, or dependent clauses that cannot stand alone and may contain subjects and predicates.
Sentence Fragment
PP 3-24
The multiple gift certificatesOrdered by phone last week
Business English at Work
Sentence Sentence Development Development
A run-on sentence is a complete sentence with period or comma faults.
Run-On Sentence
PP 3-25
I want to order online credit card thefts worry me.Your serial number is provided with your product documentation you can also find the serial number by opening the software and clicking on the Help menu.
Business English at Work© 2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
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