The print industry Kara-lea foster

http://laurynblackrosebarford.wordpress.com/2012/09/27/print-research-for-print-production/ for final slide.

HandsMethod :PurpleAdvantages: GreenDis-advantages: RedOther: Blue

ETCHING

Method: A metal plate is covered with a waxy material( Drawing surface) which is resistant to acid. The artist then scratches off the wax with a pointed etching needle where he or she wants a line to appear in the finished piece, (so exposing the bare metal).

High precision

Low Cost Tools

Low Cost Design Changes

Time consuming

Types of etching:1.Non-plasma based = uses spontaneousreaction of appropriate reactive gas mixture.

2.Plasma based = uses radio frequency (RF)power to drive chemical reaction.

(sometimes)Need for specialized (expensive) equipment

LINOCUT

The linocuts are tough and sturdy.

Lino has smooth texture which can easily be worked on.

Method: The linoleum is then aligned onto the lino presser slider. Next a paper is also aligned on to the slider and on top of the lino. A sheet is placed over the slider it is sealed with the cover. Afterwards, the slider is rolled to the presser where the handle is pulled to apply the pressure where printing of lino is enabled.

It is bendy and tough which enables it to be handled well and can be cut into it easily.

It is difficult to get into detail .e.g. faecal expressions.Mistakes are irreversible( you would have to start again).limited colour application( not many colours per picture), hard to clean/ get off your hands.

After Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse used the technique to advantage in the 1950s, many other artists adopted linocut art.

SCREEN PRINT Method: Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil to receive a desired image. The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink or other printable materials.

Screen printing is also a stencil method of print making ( in which a design is imposed on a screen of polyester or other fine mesh)

The screen printing process allows us to print images and text on a variety of promotional or personal items.

Images for screen printing have to be simple in design which can be tricky. (reduced to definite lines or shapes that will print well).

Most hand-stencils are very fragile and break down faster than emulsion-based processes.

The stencils can be reused many times, they can eventually become warped and uneven.

In hand screen printing procedures various colours can be used effectively.( this could make them look nicer)

As no heavy/big machines and related tools are used, the hand screen printing requires a smaller amount of space to install.

WOODCUTMethod: Woodcut (occasionally known as xylography) is a relief printing artistic technique in printmaking in which an image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface while the non-printing parts are removed, usually with gouges.

Good quality final image.

Shows that it has taken a lot of hard work and perseverance to get right.

Can be very time consuming.

Wastes a lot of material if the design goes wrong.

If you are writing and make a spelling mistake there is no going back and you will have to start again.

If you can create amazing art with the woodcut technique you could become sort after because it is a dying trade.

LITHOGRAPHYMethod: Lithography is a method of printing, originally based on the principle that oil and water do not mix. Printing is from a stone (limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface.

Lithography requires less effort than some other printing processes such as engraving.

Lithography is also a process that is used to create posters from an original artwork. (lithographic reproduction). These reproductions are less expensive than an original drawing or painting by an artist and a larger audience can buy and enjoy them.

Using lithography, many prints can be made from the same drawing.

The length of time is another disadvantage (it can be up to 40 hours just for the drawing time).

The amounts of lithographic prints are limited.

The supplies are complex and highly specialized; even with the use of modern machines, the process is expensive.

Mechanical

LETTERPRESSMethod : A worker composes and locks movable type (usually individual letters or punctuation) into the bed of a press, inks it, and presses paper against it to transfer the ink from the type which creates an impression on the paper.

Letter printing can be very slow and time consuming.

The first colours have to dry before you can add more onto each design.

Photographs and drawings must be converted to engravings.

Letter pressing is straight forward because they mainly use just ink, paper and a photopolymer plate.

It gives high quality hand made products .

You can use letterpress printing with virtually any type of paper.

Later metal presses used a knuckle and lever arrangement instead of the screw, but the principle was the same . This of made inking faster.

GRAVURE (Rotogravure)

Method: Rotogravure (Gravure for short) is a type of intaglio printing process, which involves engraving the image onto an image carrier In gravure printing, the image is engraved onto a cylinder.

it can take a long time to engrave gravure cylinders.

High photographic quality.

Bright colours can be used

Good, clear appearance.

High cost of materials .

Large machines are needed.

Method cell size cell depth

Conventional uniform variable

"Two positive" or "Lateral hard dot"

variable variable

Direct transfer

variable uniform

SCREEN PROCESSMethod: Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil to receive a the image you want.

Images for screen printing have to be simple in design and reduced to definite lines or shape.( nothing complex)

Frames will eventually become warped and uneven.

Most hand-stencils are very fragile and break down quite fast.

Multi-colour Design Can be Printed .

Less Floor Space Is Required: As no heavier and bigger machines and related tools are used in hand screen printing.

Suitable For Small Scale Production.

screen printing is used in many different industries, including:BalloonsClothingDecalsMedical devicesSnowboard graphics

Digital

PHOTOCOPYING

The term photocopying is used to refer to the act of making a photographic copy of a document.

Step 1. Charging Step 2. ExposureStep 3 . DevelopmentStep 4. TransferStep 5. Separation (detack)Step 6. Fixing(fusing)Step 7. Cleaning Laser printers used to be

inaccessible to the home user because of their price( the piece has dropped slightly)

Printing cartridges are quite expensive for a photocopying machine( also you would need a toner cartridge).

Photocopiers can be quite quick depending on the amount of colour in the picture.

Some photocopiers can be very bulky and cannot be kept in a home.

You can reproduce a document as many times as you wish with ease.

Photocopiers are same and photocopying can be left alone.

LASER PRINTINGMethod: Laser printing is an electrostatic digital-printing process that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics by passing a laser beam over a charged drum to define a image.

Printing is quite fast.( depending on how much you are printing)

You can have a laser printer at home.

Laser printers can print on their own without needing to be watched.

laser printers use a large amount of electricity to be run.

Laser printers cannot perform duplicate printing functions and is a more costly unit overall.

Laser printers are very delicate.

According to a recent study conducted in Queensland, Australia, some printers emit sub-micrometer particles which some suspect may be associated with respiratory diseases.

INKJETMethod: Inkjet printing is a type of computer-printing that creates a digital image by propelling droplets of ink onto paper, plastic, or other materials.

They can print finer, smoother details onto a material.

Inkjets have practically no warm up time.

Lower cost per page.

Inkjet printers need frequent refilling.

Can be more fragile than other printers.

Ink jet printers jets often clog when changing cartridges, causing a waste of ink.

There are two main design philosophies in inkjet head design: fixed-head and disposable head.

DESKTOP PUBLISHINGMethod: Desktop publishing combines a personal computer (WYSIWYG page) layout software to create publication documents on a computer for either large scale publishing or small scale local multifunction peripheral output and distribution.

Publish easily and at no cost.

Good for new or small businesses to use.

There is more control over the layout on the publication.

There is a reduction in creativity.

There is a reduction in creativity if you don’t know how to use publisher properly.

Perfectionism can be a problem because not everything you may want to do could be an option on the application.

Desktop publishers are often used to produce newspapers, magazines, newsletters and leaflets.