Mathematics is everywhere

(Jackman,2005) When we talked about

mathematics, we thought about 1, 2, 3 and

+, -, ×, ÷. According to Jackman (2005),

most of what we do in daily lives are

related to mathematics. There are four

types of mathematical operations, addition,

subtraction, multiplication and division.

AdditionAddition• The concept of addition is to put things in 2 or more

groups together. For example, Annie has 2 apples, Ben has 3 apples. So, Annie and Ben have 5 apples altogether. The symbol of addition is “+”. Addition is related to subtraction. Strategies to solve addition problem can be reverse to solve subtraction problems.

Addition 3 + 2 = 5

Subtraction 5 – 2 = 3

5 – 3 = 2

+

SubtractionVan De Walle, Karp and Bay-Williams (2010) emphasized

that “subtraction names a missing part”. For example, Christ has 4 balloons, but 1 balloon burst. So Christ has

only 3 balloons left. As Professor Romina (2011) mentioned, there are 3 types of subtraction but not only ‘take away’. They include take away, missing addend,

difference and comparison. The symbol of subtraction is “-".

Take away Melody has 10 pencils, she gives Kitty 5 pencils. How many candy does he have left?

10 – 5 = ?

Missing addend Alice has 2 eggs but she needs 5 eggs for baking cake . How many more eggs does she need?

5 -2 = ?

Difference and comparison

Sam has 4 books, Lily has 10 books. How much more does Lily than Sam? How much less does Sam has than Lily?

10-4= ?

MultiplicationMultiplication is related to addition. The concept of

multiplication is to add repeatedly or it can be explained deeper as repeated addition of sets with the same amount (Jamieson-proctor, 2011). The symbol of multiplication is

“×”.One bag has 3 apples, Alin has 4 bags of apples.

How many apples does Alin has?

3 X 4 = ?

3 + 3 + 3 +3 = ?

Division Division is separating things into equal parts. According to MathIsFun (2011), the simple way to explain division is ‘fair sharing’. The symbol of division is “÷”. There are 2 different

types of division, quotation and partition.

Quotation: Quotation: A small quantity is subtracted from a bigger amount repeatedly to find out the total number of sets can be subtract.

Alan has 12 oranges, he wants to give 4 oranges to each of his friends.

How many friends can get Ian’s oranges?

12 ÷ 4 =?

PartitionPartition:: Separate a number into sets to find out how many in each set.

Alice wants to share her cup cakes for her 2 friends and she has 10 cupcakes.

How many chocolate will each friend get?

10 ÷ 2= ?