By Aaron S. RobertsonWith supplemental notes and a small group activity to enhance discussion

Copyright 2011 Aaron S. Robertson

OverviewA look at “Theory X” A look at “Theory Y”Why the former is counterproductive in today’s work environment

Small group activityConclusions

“Theory X” ManagementDeveloped by Dr. Douglas McGregor (1906-64)Assumes that the average, everyday employee is

lazyDislikes workLooks to avoid responsibility at all costsRequires constant, close supervisionSystem of rewards and punishments needs to be

enforced in order to rein in employees

(Jones & George, 2011, pp. 58-59, citing McGregor)

“Theory Y” ManagementAlso conceptualized by McGregorOpposite of “Theory X” viewEmployees not inherently lazyDo not naturally dislike workWill work for the good of the organization,

if only given the chance to do so

(Jones & George, 2011, pp. 58-59, citing McGregor)

“Theory X”: Pitfalls Human Resources has come a long, long wayIf managers feel employees are inherently

lazy and dislike work, then hiring process is faulty

Missing out on utilizing other strengths and talents of employees that can serve the organization

Managers themselves are less productive when constantly supervising employees

Morale is generally low

Small Group ActivityIn pairs or small groups, share your

thoughts and experiences in regards to your workplace.

What management style do you think best describes your work environment?

What theory do you think best describes you, the worker? Why or why not?

Come back together as a larger group and share whatever you’re comfortable with sharing.

Conclusions“Theory X” managing assumes employees

inherently lazy, dislike work, require constant supervision

If today’s managers truly believe this, hiring process flawed

Not making use of other strengths and talents of employees that can serve the organization

Managers less productive because of close supervision

Morale low

ReferenceJones, Gareth R., & George, Jennifer M.

(2011). Contemporary management (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.