UnitUnità Uno e Dueà Uno e DueKristan Carney, Carissa Cucchi, Christian Benincasa,

Devin Cole, Tori Boyd

Pronome PersonalePronome PersonaleIn English, personal pronouns refer to a In English, personal pronouns refer to a

person without using their name. The person without using their name. The personal pronouns below are used in personal pronouns below are used in

Italian:Italian:

Io means I

tu means you

lui means he

lei means her

(when used informally)Lei, when used

formally, means you

voi means you all

Loro means you all when used formally

loro means they when used informally

noi means we

Pronome Personale Pronome Personale When verbs are conjugated, the personal When verbs are conjugated, the personal

pronouns listed are used. There are six pronouns listed are used. There are six conjugations of each verb. Some examples conjugations of each verb. Some examples

are listed below:are listed below:

EssereIo sonotu seilui, lei, Lei è

noi siamovoi sieteLoro, loro sono

AvereIo hotu hailui, lei, Lei ha

noi abbiamovoi aveteLoro, loro hanno

L’articoli L’articoli IndeterminativoIndeterminativo

In english, the indefinite articles we use In english, the indefinite articles we use are “a” and “an”. In Italian, there are are “a” and “an”. In Italian, there are

four indefinite articles. Which article is four indefinite articles. Which article is used is determined by the sound that used is determined by the sound that follows and the gender of the noun it follows and the gender of the noun it

modifies. modifies. Un – masculine, used for nouns that begins with most consonants or a vowel

Uno – masculine, used for nouns that begin with a “s + consonant” or a “z”

Una – feminine, used for nouns that begin with a consonant

Un’ – feminine, used for nouns that begin with a vowel

L’articolo DeterminativoL’articolo DeterminativoIn English, “the” is the definite article In English, “the” is the definite article

used. The definite article is used to used. The definite article is used to talk about specific persons, places, talk about specific persons, places,

or things. In Italian, there are seven or things. In Italian, there are seven ways to say “the”. The definite ways to say “the”. The definite article agrees in number and in article agrees in number and in

gender with the noun it modifies. gender with the noun it modifies.

L’articolo DeterminativoL’articolo DeterminativoSingolare (singular)Singolare (singular)ilil – masculine, used before most consonants – masculine, used before most consonantslolo – masculine, used before nouns that start with a – masculine, used before nouns that start with a

“s + consonant” and a “z”“s + consonant” and a “z”l’l’ – masculine and feminine, used before vowels – masculine and feminine, used before vowelslala – feminine, used before consonants – feminine, used before consonantsPlurale (plural)Plurale (plural)ii – masculine, used before most consonants – masculine, used before most consonantsgligli – masculine, used before nouns that start with a – masculine, used before nouns that start with a

“s + consonant”, “z”, or any vowels“s + consonant”, “z”, or any vowelslele – used for all plural feminine nouns – used for all plural feminine nouns

Il VocabularioIl Vocabulariol'anno- the year il fratello- the brother la legge- the law il liceo- the high school la sorella- the sister un libro- a book un CD- a CD un calendario- a calendar un motorino- a motorcycle un giornale- a newspaperun televisore- a television una penna- a pen

una matita- a pencil una rivista- a magazine una calcolatrice- a calculator un' orologio- a watch una sedia- a chair un tavolo- a table un computer- a computer uno stereo- a stereo un telefono- a telephone uno zaino- a backpack una bicycletta- a bicycle

Plurale dei NomiPlurale dei NomiItalian has different endings for plural nouns Italian has different endings for plural nouns

according to the final letter of the singular form. according to the final letter of the singular form. Regular nouns in Italian are pluralized as Regular nouns in Italian are pluralized as

followed:followed:Singular Endings:- o

- io

- a

- e

consonant

accented vowel

Pluralized as…- i

- i

- e- i

no change

no change

Plurale dei NomiPlurale dei NomiMany nouns ending in - co, - go, - ca, and – Many nouns ending in - co, - go, - ca, and –

ga add “h” in the written plural to reserve ga add “h” in the written plural to reserve the sound of c or g. Some examples are: the sound of c or g. Some examples are:

lago becomes laghitedesco becomes tedeschiamica becomes amiche

However, some words do not follow these rules, such as amico. When amico is pluralized, it becomes amici.

I NumeriI Numeri1 - uno1 - uno2 - due2 - due3 - tre 3 - tre 4 - quattro4 - quattro5 - cinque5 - cinque6 - sei6 - sei7 - sette7 - sette8 - otto8 - otto9 - nove9 - nove10 - dieci10 - dieci11 - undici11 - undici12 - dodici12 - dodici13 - tredici13 - tredici14 - quattordici14 - quattordici15 - quindici15 - quindici

16 - sedici17 - diciasette18 - diciotto19 - dicianove20 - venti21 - ventuno22 - ventidue23 - ventitré24 - ventiquattro25 - venticinque26 - ventisei27 - ventisette28 - ventotto29 - ventinove30 - trenta

31 - trentuno32 - trentadue33 - trentatré34 - trentaquattro35 - trentacinque36 - trentasei37 - trentasette38 - trentotto39 - trentanove40 - quaranta50 - cinquanta60 - sessanta70 - settanta80 - ottanta90 - novanta

100 - cento1000 - mille2000 – duemila

Telling Time in ItalianTelling Time in ItalianWhat time is it?What time is it? is expressed in Italian by is expressed in Italian by

asking asking Che ora è? Che ora è? or or Che ore sono?Che ore sono?These questions can be answered with the These questions can be answered with the

following:following:• È l’una ( it’s one o’clock)È l’una ( it’s one o’clock)• Sono le due (2 o’clock), Sono le tre (3 o’clock), Sono le due (2 o’clock), Sono le tre (3 o’clock),

Sono le quattro, etc.Sono le quattro, etc.To indicate AM, To indicate AM, di mattinadi mattina is added to the end of is added to the end of

the time. To indicate Pm, the time. To indicate Pm, del pommeriggiodel pommeriggio (12 (12 PM to 5 PM), PM to 5 PM), di seradi sera (5 PM to midnight), or (5 PM to midnight), or di di nottenotte (midnight to early morning) is added after (midnight to early morning) is added after the hour.the hour.

Telling Time in ItalianTelling Time in ItalianTo indicate A.M. or P.M. Italians often To indicate A.M. or P.M. Italians often

use military time. This means that a use military time. This means that a 24 hour clock is used. 24 hour clock is used.

Some examples would be:Some examples would be:• It is 1:50 AM = Sono le due meno dieci di It is 1:50 AM = Sono le due meno dieci di

mattinamattina• It is 12:40 PM = Sono le tredici meno It is 12:40 PM = Sono le tredici meno

venti venti • It is 8:15 PM = Sono le venti e quindiciIt is 8:15 PM = Sono le venti e quindici

Telling Time in ItalianTelling Time in ItalianFractions of an hour are expressed by e + the Fractions of an hour are expressed by e + the

minutes elapsed. From the half hour to the minutes elapsed. From the half hour to the next hour, the time is expressed by giving the next hour, the time is expressed by giving the next hour minus (meno) the number of next hour minus (meno) the number of minutes before the coming hour.minutes before the coming hour.

Some examples are:Some examples are:• It is 1:10 = È l’una e dieciIt is 1:10 = È l’una e dieci• It is 2:25 = Sono le due e venticinqueIt is 2:25 = Sono le due e venticinque• It is 12:40 = Sono le tredici meno ventiIt is 12:40 = Sono le tredici meno venti• It is 2:55 = Sono le tre meno cinqueIt is 2:55 = Sono le tre meno cinque

Telling Time in ItalianTelling Time in ItalianUn quarto (a quarter) and mezzo (a Un quarto (a quarter) and mezzo (a

half) often replace quindici and half) often replace quindici and trenta.trenta.

• It is 12:45 = È l’una meno un quartoIt is 12:45 = È l’una meno un quarto• It is 2:30 = Sono le due e trentaIt is 2:30 = Sono le due e trentaSome common time phrases used are:Some common time phrases used are:• È mezzogiorno – it is noonÈ mezzogiorno – it is noon• È mezzonotte – it is midnightÈ mezzonotte – it is midnight