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PPPs in HE & Southern African Regional Development What conditions are necessary to ensure that partnerships between public higher education and the private sector provide opportunities for mutual benefit? Context counts when answering this question: in the SADC region, turnkey PPPs in HE are needed to foster sectoral development to the benefit of broader social and economic advancement Piyushi Kotecha Chief Executive Officer, SARUA

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Page 1: Utrecht  sa- piyushi kotecha

PPPs in HE & Southern African Regional Development

• What conditions are necessary to ensure that partnerships between public higher education and the private sector provide opportunities for mutual benefit?

• Context counts when answering this question: in the SADC region, turn‐key PPPs in HE are needed to foster sectoral development to the benefit of broader social and economic advancement

Piyushi KotechaChief Executive Officer, SARUA

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Specifying the rationale for PPPs in Southern African HE

• While the general rationale for PPPs fits– Leverage private investment– Tap partners’ strengths to optimise roles/responsibilities/risks– Match service delivery to market needs– Stimulate innovation/entrepreneurship/growth

• It must be tailored for PPPs in HE in Southern Africa– Often constrained public and private capacity  capacity development must 

be part of PPPs– Development imperatives arise from a globalising world and from African 

social conditions  PPPs must respond to both– A backdrop of chronic under‐development, under‐investment, poor planning, 

poor social conditions, weak resource base affecting the region and HE countries must both redress the consequences and ‘accelerate the catch‐up’

– Massive public and private investment needed to revitalise HE as a driver of regional development  governments and markets must work together

Piyushi Kotecha

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The nature of mutual benefit in PPP’s in Southern Africa

• Partnerships between governments, HE and industry can jointly mobilise the resources required for interlinked and knowledge‐based social development and economic growth

• PPPs in HE should reinforce and not dilute the relevance and responsiveness of universities to their societies, polities and economies

• PPPs should keep primarily in view the public good rather than private interests: HE promotes a critical citizenry, growth and development, the consolidation of social justice

Piyushi Kotecha

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Framing an approach for PPPsin Southern African HE

1. Regional role players must give focused attention to PPPs’ potential for fast‐tracking key developmental interventions in both national and multi‐country contexts

2. Engagement between government, HE and industry must be comprehensive, multi‐layer, sustained, iterative – and there must be feedback loops between local, national and regional (AU, NEPAD, SADC) layers

3. Guiding frameworks for PPPs must be generated from available sources (e.g. case studies, comparative multi‐country research, national policies, incentive schemes and guidelines) for systemic SADC responses

4. Important lessons and good practice must be captured and disseminated via capacity development networks (e.g. SARUA, AAU), to inform overarching policy frameworks and replication across the region

Piyushi Kotecha

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Framing an Approach, cont.

5. Priority areas for viable PPPs in HE in the region must be identified

• Nature – e.g. policy, infrastructural and capacity development initiatives

• Focus – e.g. HE quality, ICTs, S&T and innovation, HIV/AIDS, good governance

• Modes – e.g. infrastructure provision; contracting for delivery; private management of public facilities; partnerships/affiliations for teaching, curriculum development, research and innovation, QA

• Criteria – e.g. “mutual benefit” as defined, regional priorities, stakeholder engagement and agreement (and case‐specific)

• NB: targeted, large‐scale PPP interventions recommended to both capacitate HE’s contribution to social development and integrate HE with the global knowledge economy – e.g. substantial infrastructure provision and extensive knowledge networks

Piyushi Kotecha

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Checking the proposed rationale/approach for PPPs in

Southern African HE

• Existing examples of PPPs in Southern African HE provide some lessons, validations and warnings

– Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST)

– Knowledge networks in South Africa

– Inter‐institutional PPPs in South African distance education

– ICT infrastructure provisions and partnerships in Africa

Piyushi Kotecha

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Case study 1: Botswana International University of

Science & Technology

• Second national university on fast‐track development since 2005: first enrolments 2010, 10 000 students envisaged by 2016 – S&T institutional mission supports regional and national priorities for socio‐economic development

• PPP opportunities (DFBO) explicitly sought by government ‐ in line with national privatisation policies (and public procurement regulations followed)

• PPP sought to access innovation and project management strength, and to share market risk – government remains committed to financing capital shortages

• Transaction advisory services used – effective planning and procurement, knowledge transfer and capacity development for implementation team built into project

Piyushi Kotecha

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Knowledge networks in South Africa

• Innovation PPPs fostered by government incentives (THRIP, Innovation Fund) – moving beyond ad hoc consultancy and contracting for financial benefit, to systemic gains

• Knowledge networks successfully emerging in e.g. biotechnology, ICT and new materials development – as linked to national priorities for competitive economic growth

• Knowledge networks contributing to centres of research excellence – basic research capability strengthened, not weakened

• Potential modality for comparable activities in other SADC countries, or for multi‐country knowledge networks, is being modelled

Piyushi Kotecha

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Inter-institutional PPPs in South African distance education

• Collaborative arrangements sprang up between public and private providers in the distance education arena, 1994‐2002 (especially service and tuition partnerships) – pre‐empted national QA dispensation and national HE restructuring plan

• South Africa followed international trends around private HE growth and inter‐institutional PPPs – but unintended consequences followed in the absence of a proper policy interface (e.g. perpetuation of institutional historical advantage via market initiative, geographically skewed access to HE, uneven HE quality)

• SA government set curbs on these PPPs in 2002 via re‐accreditation requirements and funding determinations – linkage to national imperatives is a key condition for successful inter‐institutional and other PPPs

Piyushi Kotecha

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ICT infrastructure provision and partnerships in Africa

• African universities have prioritised the integration of ICTs into teaching, research and management and the AAU is tasked with co‐ordinating the many initiatives under way – this is a critical, but not an easy task

• There is intense partnership activity in ICTs in African HE, involving different kinds of partners and arrangements

– Pan‐African E‐network for telemedicine and tele‐education in 53 African countries: joint initiative of Indian Government and African Union, also supports Indian goals for trade relations with Africa

– AfriHub Nigeria ‘ICT parks’ use PPP arrangements to support government/HE sector reform policies in Nigerian federal universities, while involving institutional exclusivity agreements with AfriHub for at least 5 years

– Projects to access low‐cost bandwidth in South Africa involve apparently rival public networks (SANReN and TENET) and private providers (e.g. Telkom, Seacom)

• Small sample illustrates the dangers of competing/cross‐cutting/duplicate initiatives in a commercially lucrative arena – also flagging the necessity for rigorous evaluation of the conditions for PPPs in the framework of regional and national policies and priorities

Piyushi Kotecha

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Conclusion

• PPPs in Southern African HE should be developed from a current experimental base in particular countries  a comprehensive means of fostering sectoral development for accelerated social and economic advancement in the SADC region

• This requires– Identification of targeted, large‐scale and fast‐tracked PPPs at national and 

regional levels– Appropriate feedback loops between the two levels to ensure the generation 

of guiding frameworks and good practice models for PPP implementation

• PPPs in HE have high potential for HE and regional development in the SADC region ‐ provided they occur in a co‐ordinated way in line with regional priorities

Piyushi KotechaChief Executive Officer, SARUA