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Mr. Eugene Appiah-Effah, a WASHCost Ghana Research Officer presented at the Third Ghana Water Forum in 2011 on the topic ‘Cost of rural and small town water service delivery in the Bosomtwe District’. This district is one of many where WASHCost undertook an action research to find the life-cycle costs of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services in the area.
Citation preview
5-7, Sept. 2011 Appiah-Effah, Eugene WASHCost/KNUST
Cost of rural and small town water service delivery in the Bosomtwe District
by
Appiah-Effah E., Nyarko K. B., Dwumfour-Asare, B. , Moriarty, P.
Ghana Water Forum
5-7, Sept. 2011 Appiah-Effah, Eugene WASHCost/KNUST
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Objectives
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
5-7, Sept. 2011 Appiah-Effah, Eugene WASHCost/KNUST
WASHCost Project
KNUST and IRC are implementing WASHCost, which is an action research project that
... researches the life-cycle costs of providing water, sanitation and hygiene(WASH) services in rural and peri-urban areas
… to stimulate the use of cost information to improve governance and decision making at all levels
The approach used for this project is the Life Cycle Cost Approach (LCCA).
5-7, Sept. 2011 Appiah-Effah, Eugene WASHCost/KNUST
Introduction-Ghana Perspective
According to CWSA (2009) in 200856% of rural people have been served with
handpumps 62% served under small-town piped water
systems.
The provision of water facilities is not enough to guarantee sustainable service delivery unless there are clear mechanisms for ensuring operations and maintenance.
5-7, Sept. 2011 Appiah-Effah, Eugene WASHCost/KNUST
Objectives
The objectives of the study are:
To determine the cost of providing water services using the LCCA
To assess the level of water service delivered.
5-7, Sept. 2011 Appiah-Effah, Eugene WASHCost/KNUST
Methodology -Study area and sampling
Bosomtwe District population= 187,499 (2009)
10 rural communities and 1 small town Standard of living
o Poor
o Non poor
Study Areas
o 1No. ST,
o 10 No. SC
o NB; ST=Small Town,
SC=Small
Community
5-7, Sept. 2011 Appiah-Effah, Eugene WASHCost/KNUST
Capital expendit-
ureOperational and minor mainten-ance expendit-
ureCapital main-tenance ex-penditure
Direct support costs
Indirect support cost
Costs of capital
Life Cycle Costs Components
Life-cycle costs (LCC) refer to the costs of ensuring adequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services to a specific population in a determined geographical area - not just for a few years but indefinitely.
Life Cycle Costs
5-7, Sept. 2011 Appiah-Effah, Eugene WASHCost/KNUST
Cost components were adjusted to the current values (year 2009) using GDP deflators (World Bank Group, 2010).
The data used to calculate the Expenditure on Direct Support (ExpDS is from CWSA and DAs’ (DWSTs) annual reports. Total per-capita investment in direct costs was calculated by dividing the costs of
regional CWSA offices by the regional population, and district WASH expenditure by the district population.
Framework for analysing costs of providing service
Water Service Levels
Indicators
Water quantity accessed
Distance to water source
Crowding-with-reliability
High > 60 lcd <=500 meters <=300 per point source
Intermediate 40 - 60 lcd <=500 meters <=300 per point source
Basic 20 – 40 lcd <=500 meters <=300 per point source
Sub-standard 5 – 20 lcd >500 meters >300 per point source
No service <5 lcd >500 meters >300 per point source
5-7, Sept. 2011 Appiah-Effah, Eugene WASHCost/KNUST
Overall Water Service level
Rural Small Town
Basic and above 34% 72%
Sub-standard 61% 28%
No service 5% 0%
Results-Overall water service
5-7, Sept. 2011 Appiah-Effah, Eugene WASHCost/KNUST
cost per capita per year in US$
Cost Components Rural Water Small Town
Capital Investment 42 79
Operation and Minor maintenance 0.9 2.3
Capital Maintenance Expenditure NA 1
Direct Support Cost 0.56 0.56
Results-Cost of providing water services
5-7, Sept. 2011 Appiah-Effah, Eugene WASHCost/KNUST
CapEx for Small towns cost about twice that of the water point system.
Running cost of small towns cost four times that of the water point systems.
The small towns provide high acceptable service compared to water point system
Capital maintenance is not being
undertaken in a systematic manner, and expenditure on capital maintenance is very low and most often not available.
No policy in place for systematic replacement of handpumps
Conclusions
5-7, Sept. 2011 Appiah-Effah, Eugene WASHCost/KNUST
District Water and Sanitation Plans should incorporate all the cost elements and plan replacement of asset and proper operations.
Government should adequately fund Community Water and Sanitation Agency (CWSA) and District Assemblies (DAs) to be able to provide relevant post construction support.
Recommendations
5-7, Sept. 2011 Appiah-Effah, Eugene WASHCost/KNUST
Thank You
For more information:www.washcost.info