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This answers one of the key unacknowledged questions in enterprise-architecture: what exactly is 'the enterprise'? We can only develop a viable enterprise-architecture when we know the scope of 'the enterprise': most current EA models and frameworks place limits on scope that are far too narrow and organization-centric.
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the futures of business
10 Apr 2023 (c) Tom Graves / Tetradian 2009 1
What is an enterprise?Foundations of whole-of-enterprise architecture
Tom Graves, Tetradian ConsultingDecember [email protected] / www.tetradian.com
the futures of business
Organization as ‘the enterprise’?
10 Apr 2023 (c) Tom Graves / Tetradian 2009 2
• A common view is that the organization is ‘the enterprise’
• Many enterprise-architecture efforts start and end here, often with IT only
• This can be a mistake…
Organization(bounded by rules)
the futures of business
Supply-chain as ‘the enterprise’?
10 Apr 2023 (c) Tom Graves / Tetradian 2009 3
• Many architectures – even for IT alone – need to include other players in the supply-chain
• This includes standards, interfaces etc• Beyond the organization itself, our rules
may not apply – we have to negotiate, not demand
Partners
(must sharesame vision)
may also beclients orprospects
ServiceProviders
(must acknowledgeand align to vision)
may also beclients orprospects
Organization(bounded by rules)
(boundaries may be partly porous)
the futures of business
Clients as part of ‘the enterprise’?
10 Apr 2023 (c) Tom Graves / Tetradian 2009 4
• In Agile-type contexts, clients are also part of the development-team, as ‘outsider-insiders’
• If we try to control our clients, we lose them; instead, we connect via shared aims and goals
ClientsPartners
(must sharesame vision)
may also beclients orprospects
ServiceProviders
(must acknowledgeand align to vision)
may also beclients orprospects
Organization(bounded by rules)
(boundaries may be partly porous)
the futures of business
Market as ‘the enterprise’?
10 Apr 2023 (c) Tom Graves / Tetradian 2009 5
• We connect to prospects and market via the vision
(enterprise bounded by shared commitment to the vision)
Prospects
ClientsPartners
(must sharesame vision)
may also beclients orprospects
ServiceProviders
(must acknowledgeand align to vision)
may also beclients orprospects
Organization(bounded by rules)
(boundaries may be partly porous)
the futures of business
Extended-enterprise is everyone!
10 Apr 2023 (c) Tom Graves / Tetradian 2009 6
Stakeholders in the broader ecosystem(includes non-clients, anti-clients, government, general community)
(enterprise bounded by shared commitment to the vision)
Prospects
ClientsPartners
(must sharesame vision)
may also beclients orprospects
ServiceProviders
(must acknowledgeand align to vision)
may also beclients orprospects
Organization(bounded by rules)
(boundaries may be partly porous)
the futures of business
Architecting extended-enterprise• Three distinct economies in the enterprise
– transaction economy: things, money, profit– attention economy: conversation, ‘right to be heard’– trust economy: willingness to engage
• reputation is trust based on hearsay and third-party evidence
• Vision and values are anchors for architecture– may perhaps not seem crucial within organization, but
are essential to connect with extended-enterprise– developing vision/values is high priority for architecture
• Rule #1: visioning is not a marketing exercise!
– see slidedeck “Vision, Role, Mission, Goal”• http://www.slideshare.net/tetradian/vision-role-mission-goal-a-framework-for-business-
motivation
10 Apr 2023 (c) Tom Graves / Tetradian 2009 7
the futures of business
Don’t ignore your ‘anti-clients’!• Trust and reputation are essential assets!
– reputation/trust > attention > transaction > profit
• Lack of trust creates ‘anti-clients’– ‘anti-clients’ are non-clients or former clients who, for
various reasons, do not trust your organization– whether ‘fair’ or not, their grievances are real to them
• Importance of ‘anti-client’ relationships– anti-clients may actively promote lack of trust in your
organization via their social networks and elsewhere– clarity on vision helps to rebuild bridges of trust
• warning: make it real - your actions say more than words!
10 Apr 2023 (c) Tom Graves / Tetradian 2009 8
the futures of business
Real enterprise-architecture• Real enterprise-scale architecture must
include ‘hooks’ for all of this– an organization-centric architecture framework
which ends at ‘Business’ will become dangerously limiting
• example: TOGAF, FEAF, Zachman
• Don’t try to do it all in one go!– it can’t be done: in effect, scope extends to infinity– do small steps with immediate business-value
• Use Agile-type architecture development– method: http://tetradianbooks.com/2008/10/silos-method-ref/– framework: http://tetradianbooks.com/2008/12/silos-frame-ref/
10 Apr 2023 (c) Tom Graves / Tetradian 2009 9
the futures of business 10 Apr 2023 (c) Tom Graves / Tetradian 2008 10
Resources: “Tetradian Enterprise Architecture” seriesBooks on enterprise-architecture by Tom Graves:• Real Enterprise Architecture: beyond IT to the whole
enterprise• Bridging the Silos: enterprise architecture for IT-
architects• SEMPER and SCORE: enhancing enterprise
effectiveness• Power and Response-ability: the human side of
systems• The Service Oriented Enterprise: enterprise
architecture and viable systems• Doing Enterprise Architecture: process and practice
in the real enterpriseSee http://tetradianbooks.com for more details.
