Wheat is grown in India over an area of about 266.92 lakh with a production of 721.40 lakh tonnes. The normal National productivity is about 2703 kg/ha. The major Wheat producing States are Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Maharashtra, Gujarat,.These States contribute about 99.5% of total Wheat production in the country.

WHEAT

WHEAT& RICE

 

Normal Area

(in lakh ha)

% Share of area

Normal Production

(in lakh tonnes)

% share of Production

Rice 447.750 36.50 868.77 42.77

Wheat 266.925 21.76 721.399 35.52

Total Foodgrains

126.847 100.00 2031.081 100.00

 

History of Wheat Production in India

The production and productivity of Wheat crop were quite low, when India became independent in 1947. The production of Wheat was only 6.46 million tones and productivity was merely 663 kg per hectare during 1950-51, which was not sufficient to feed the Indian population. The Country used to import Wheat in large quantities for fulfilling the needs of our people from many countries like USA.

The reasons of low production and productivity of Wheat at that time was:- The tall growing plant habit resulting in lodging, when grown under fertile soils, The poor tillering and low sink capacity of the varieties used, Higher susceptibility to diseases, The higher sensitivity to thermo & photo variations, etc., resulting in poor adaptability.

WHEAT

The Government of India appointed a commission in 1961 to assess the feasibility of increasing the crop productivity under prevailing Indian ecological conditions. Several policy decisions and actions were taken by Government of India from time to time to increase production and productivity in the country. The Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India launched and implemented various Centrally Sponsored/ Central Sector Schemes, namely, IADP (1960-61), IAAP (1964-65), High Yielding Varieties Programme.

WHEAT

Species% share of production

Major growing areas

1. T. Aestivum 95%UP, Punjab,

Rajasthan, Bihar, MP, J& K, Assam.

2. T.Durum 4% MP, Maharashtra, Gujarat.

3.T.

Dicoccum 1%Karnataka,

Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.

CLASSIFICATION

WHEAT USES Food Products:-

Chapaties, Pasta products, bread, Biscuits, Noodles, Cookies, dalia etc.

•Industrial uses:-•Wheat gluten is useful for preparing coatings, polymers etc.•Wheat starch is used in cosmetic, paper & pharmaceutical industry.

WHEAT USES Other uses:-

Many other forms like its straw and bran as cattle feed etc.

Food value:-Carbohydrates 70%, Protein

12%, fat 1.7%, Minerals 2.7%, fiber 2% and moisture 12%.

IMPORT AND EXPORT Due to unmanageable food grain stocks in October 2000, the govt. of India decided to export its Wheat Stock at a high price of Rs. 4,150 per tone.

Export of Wheat has become imp. For Indian government.

India has exported 84.20 lakh tones of Wheat and has emerged as the 6th largest exporter of Wheat.

IMPORT AND EXPORT Punjab State is set to

become major Wheat exporter state of the country.

WHEAT IMPORTS

Year Quantity

(Lakh Tones)

Value(Crore

rupees)

1996-97 6.16004 405. 7746

1999-2000 13.70046 779.1037

2002-2003 0.00263 0.4695

WHEAT EXPORTS

Year Quantity

(Lakh Tones)

Value(Crore

rupees)

1996-97 18.49115 1206.48600

1999-2000 0.01040 1.09070

2002-2003 19.45540 941.35880

AREA, PRODUCTION & PRODUCTIVITY

State - wise % Share of  Normal  Area

State - wise % Share of  Normal Production

Plan-wise Area, Production and Productivity of Wheat in India

WORLD SCENARIO

The total area of   Wheat in the world is around 215.26 million with a production of 584.76 million tones.

The normal world productivity is 2717 Kg./ha. The major Wheat producing countries are China, India, USA, France, Russia, Canada, Australia, Pakistan, Turkey, UK, Argentina, Iran and Italy.

These countries contribute about 76% of the total world Wheat production.

% Share of  Normal World Area

% Share of  Normal World Production

MEASURES Falguni

Diseases of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Glume blotch Loaf blotch rot Pythium root Sclerotial disease Dilophospors Leaf spot Leaf blight Foot rot

Pests of  Wheat (Triticum aestivum Linnaeus)

Termites:Odontotermee obesus RamburMicrotermes obesi Holmgren

Stem-borer, Sesamia inference Walker

Gujhia weevil, Tanymecus indious Faust

Thrip,     Anaphothrips flavicinctus Karny

Armyworm   Mythimna unipuncta Haworth

Wheat aphids:  Schizaphie (Taxoptera) graminum Rondani   Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch Sitobion avenace Fabricius

Surface grasshopper, Chrotogonus trachypterus Blanchard

Cutworms                      Agrotis ipsilon  Hufner A. flammatra  Schiffer-Mueller

Harvesting & Threshing The crop is harvested when the grains

become hard and the straw becomes yellow, dry and brittle.

Most of the harvesting in India is done with sickle.

However, in recent years in some states like Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh etc. harvesting & threshing is done by combine harvester at a large scale.

The maturity time of the crop differs from zone to zone and so is the harvesting.

Measures Developmental

(A) Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Integrated Cereals Development Program in Rice/Wheat/Course cereals based Cropping System Areas (ICDP-Wheat/Rice/Coarse cereals)

(B) Frontline Demonstrations through ICAR

C) Wheat / Barely Minikit Demonstration Programo Minikit Demonstrationo State Level Training Program (SLTP)o Special Orientation Program (SOP) o National Work shop/Seminar.

ADDITIONAL SPECIFIC TECNOLOGY RCOMMENDATION Zero- Tillage (ZT) Technology General instructions and precautions

while using Zero-till-fertilizer-seed-drill

The Machine Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed-Planting

(FIRB) System Rotary Tillage Technology

QUALITY OF WHEAT 4 EXPORT PURPOSE hetal