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Increasing the employability
of Youth.
BY:
K.Gouri Charanya,
Sameera Taqdees,
Shagufta Ruhi,
T.Sai Priya,
Dilbahar Kaur.
Why is YE so important?
Youth is a period of transition and vulnerability
Vulnerability appears to increase with globalization and increased competition, everywhere
Long periods of unemployment have a lasting impact on youth: – Individual level: self-esteem, respect, sense of
achievement
– Societal: integration, cohesiveness, citizenship
The Present
88 million young people out of work
59 million kids (17-19) in hazardous work
Youth are 41 percent of all unemployed
Youth unemployment 2-3 times higher than average unemployment
The Best-Educated Generation
Ever!*
Yet… still large differences globally:
130 million children not in school
133 million youth are illiterate
Large gender differences
Large differences between groups of
countries
*(And healthiest ever too.)
An educational achievement league of 24
rich countries
The Top 5 Other countries
1 Republic of Korea 1.4 12 France 12.6
2 Japan 2.2 18 USA 16.2
3 Finland 4.4 19 Germany 17.0
4 Canada 5.0 21 Spain 18.6
5 Australia 6.2 22 Italy 20.2
The table shows average ranks of all five measures. Source: UNICEF Innocent Report Card No 4, November 2002.
The Future
Over 1 billion young people in need of jobs
every 10 years = 100 million jobs a year
130 million kids not in school now -> what
will they be in 10 years? (Importance of MDGs)
More unemployed young people in urban
areas with little hope for decent work
Globalization –> increased competition
between young people in more countries?
4 E’s to address youth
unemployment
1. Employability – investing in education
2. Equal opportunities – for men and
women
3. Entrepreneurship – start and run
businesses
4. Employment creation – as part of
macroeconomic policy
The First E. Employability
Definition: a key outcome of education and training to instill skills, knowledge and competencies of workers
Reality: high cost of investment, skills mismatch
Invest in life skills, life-long learning, ICT, entrepreneurship, SSEs in and out of school
The Second E. Equal opportunities for
young men and women
Before school: equal access and entry for
boys and girls
In school: “tracking” out of TVE, career
guidance, double burdens, cultural barriers,
gender stereotyping, harassment
After school: credit access, lower skills
In the job: discrimination in pay, training,
promotion
The Third E. Entrepreneurship
Cultural attitudes: negative perceptions of
entrepreneurship, corruption, social
entrepreneurship
Education: a system that stimulates
entrepreneurial spirit, teachers’ training
Skills training: career training, ICT
Business support: skills and services to run
your own firm
Regulation: taxes, laws and burocracy
Finance: youth as risky investments
The Fourth E. Employment
creation
Yes, it is the economy that creates jobs! Labor market policies
Macro-economic policies
Exchange rate policies
Sectoral policies
External economic shocks, disasters and wars
Institutional support for youth employment:
governance, national employment strategy,
monitoring
What’s next:
National action plans for youth
employment by March 2004
Mobilizing financial resources for
youth employment
Linking youth employment with
education
Expanding on youth
participation in policy and action:
“No decision making without
youth participating”
Unemployment is the
problem.
Youth are the solution.
Thank you