Understanding Job SkillsUnderstanding Job Skills

Tim McElhinnyCenter for R&D Department

Jobsdhamaka.com

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Goal of PresentationGoal of Presentation

• Introduce Job Skills methodology and data

Data Source What are Job Skills? Job Skills Uses Determining Career Ladders/Pathways Skill Gaps and Employment Projections

• CWIA, Center for Workforce Information & Analysis, (bureau within L&I) produces workforce and economic statistics and analysis. CWIA’s key roles:

Provide labor market information (LMI) products & services to wide range of customers

Produce reports on Jobsdhamaka.com (employment & unemployment), employers, industries, occupations, and wages

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Data SourceData Source

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O*NetO*Net• O*NET – The Occupational Information Network

The nation's primary source of occupational information

A free online database that contains hundreds of occupational definitions to help students, job seekers, businesses and workforce development professionals to understand today's world of work

Sponsored by the Department of Labor and ETA

Compiled by occupational analysts and experts and by surveying a broad range of workers from each occupation

Two main branches of information: Worker Attributes (Person) and Occupational Requirements (Job)

Describes occupations in terms of the skills and knowledge required, how the work is performed, and typical work settings.

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O*NET

• For each job, O*NET provides the following information:

Worker Attributes:

Personal requirements: the skills and knowledge required to perform the work

Personal characteristics: the abilities, interests and values needed to perform the work

Experience requirements: the training and level of licensing and experience needed for the work

Occupational Requirements:

Job requirements: the work activities and context, including the physical, social, and organizational factors involved in the work

Labor market: the occupational outlook and the pay scale for the work Job specific information: occupation specific tasks and tools and technologies

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What are Job Skills?What are Job Skills?

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What are Job Skills?

• Job Skills go beneath occupational titles to list the specific knowledge, work activities, and tools & technologies typically required for an occupation and can aid in training, career planning, and career transitions. It is a hybrid of the O*NET Worker Attribute/Occupational Requirement content model.

• The fundamental principle of Job Skills is primarily occupation specific skills that can be trained for in the short to moderate term rather than focusing on worker attributes (KSAs) that are obtained during the long term (K-12 education) or are characteristics that are mostly inherent to an individual.

• Example KSAs for Accountants:

Knowledge – Organized principles such as Economics and Accounting, Mathematics, English Language

Skills – Developed capacities such as Active Listening, Reading Comprehension, Time Management

Abilities - Enduring attributes such as Number Facility, Inductive Reasoning, Near Vision

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Job Skills

Job Skills: Tangible and attainable skills that can be trained for utilizing local community colleges or technical schools

A Knowledge Area is a key educational or experience requirement for an occupation (e.g. Computers and Electronics)

General Work Activities are types of job behaviors that occur across multiple occupations (e.g. interacting with computers)

Detailed Work Activities are types of specific job behaviors or duties particular to an occupation (e.g. use computers to enter, access or retrieve data)

Tools & Technologies are machines, equipment, tools, and information technologies that one could be expected to use in a particular occupation (e.g. Microsoft Access)

Most of the following analysis can be done using Knowledge, Skills and Abilities (KSAs) - just a choice between either the Worker (KSAs) or Occupation perspective (Job Skills)

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Job Skills Example - Accountants

Have 11 knowledge categories•Examples

Mathematics Economics and accounting

Have 39 detailed work activities (DWAs)•Examples

advise clients on financial matters develop budgets prepare tax returns use statistical cost estimation methods

Have 152 tools and technologies (T&Ts)•Examples

Accounting software Data base user interface and query software Financial analysis software Tax preparation software

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Job Skills UsesJob Skills Uses

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Most Needed Job Skills

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English Language 70% Administration and Management 51%

Customer and Personal Service 69% Computers and Electronics 47%

Mathematics 61% Education and Training 45%

• Find common skills (Knowledge Areas) across all occupations

• Find common skills (DWAs) across an occupational groups – Healthcare Professionals

communicate technical information 93% make presentations medical issues 76%

use knowledge of medical terminology 88% use interpersonal communication techniques 73%

use sanitation practices in health care settings

78% analyze medical data 66%

• Find common skills (T&Ts) across an industry – Manufacturing

Hammers 37% Power drills 32%

Project management software 37% Power saws 31%

Screwdrivers 34% Computer aided design CAD software 29%

Find Related Occupations

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Educational Psychologists 85.0%Geographers 77.5%

Industrial-Organizational Psychologists 85.0%Political Scientists 77.5%

Sociologists 85.0%Operations Research Analysts 75.0%

Economists 82.5%Computer and Information Scientists, Research 72.5%

Market Research Analysts 82.5%Epidemiologists 72.5%

Survey Researchers 82.5%Physicists 72.5%

Urban and Regional Planners 80.0%Anthropologists 72.5%

Mathematicians 77.5%Biophysicists 70.0%

• Many essential job skills are transferable to what are called related occupations, which means that these skills may be applied to a variety of different jobs

• For example, an Statistician was found to share 82.5 percent of the work activities with an Economist, which results in a determination of the relatedness of one occupation to another.

• Statistician Example:

Determining Career Pathways

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Career Ladder or Pathway - a list of occupations, sharing many of the same job skills (detailed work activities and/or tools & technologies) with the occupation of interest, that are at the next level of development for the occupation’s career path, as ranked by education or wage. Applicable at all geographic regions.

1.Developed an algorithm to match each occupation’s job skills to every other occupation’s (individually) job skills to determine the degree to which they share these attributes.

2.The resulting “Percent Match” score quantifies the degree of match (relatedness) between the job skills of occupations. This score can be used to evaluate the relationship of one occupation to another. For example, an Accountant was found to share 59 percent of the job skills with an Auditor, but only 29 percent with an Actuary so the work of an Accountant is more closely related to the work of an Auditor than an Actuary.

3.Occupations that have a “percent match” score of at least 50 (arbitrary and can be changed) are then ranked by either education or wage to determine a potential career ladder.

4.Use to justify addition of non-HPO occupations in a ladder leading to an HPO.

Career Pathway by Education

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Occupation Education Pct. Match

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks Moderate-term on-the-job training 61.9%

Construction and Building Inspectors Work experience in a related occupation 57.1%

Industrial Production Managers Work experience in a related occupation 57.1%

Medical Records and Health Information Tech. Associate degree 52.4%

Accountants Bachelor's degree 100.0%

Auditors Bachelor's degree 59.0%

Market Research Analysts Bachelor's degree 57.1%

Budget Analysts Bachelor's degree 52.4%

Construction Managers Bachelor's degree 52.4%

Personal Financial Advisors Bachelor's degree 52.4%

Financial Managers, Branch or Department Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience 57.1%

Advertising and Promotions Managers Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience 52.4%

Engineering Managers Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience 52.4%

Marketing Managers Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience 52.4%

Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief Financial Officers Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience 52.4%

Career Pathway by Wage

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Occupation Average Annual Wage

Pct. Match

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks $36,640 61.9%

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians $36,770 52.4%

Construction and Building Inspectors $55,230 57.1%

Accountants $71,040 100.0%

Auditors $71,040 59.0%

Budget Analysts $72,100 52.4%

Personal Financial Advisors $90,820 52.4%

Construction Managers $90,960 52.4%

Industrial Production Managers $97,490 57.1%

Advertising and Promotions Managers $107,060 52.4%

Financial Managers, Branch or Department $123,260 57.1%

Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief Financial Officers $123,260 52.4%Marketing Managers $129,870 52.4%

Engineering Managers $133,240 52.4%

Skill Gaps

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• Determine Skill Gaps from Occupation to Occupation –

To move from an Accountant to an Auditor requires no additional knowledge or tools and technologies skills, but requires training on 4 additional detailed work activities (DWAs)

To move from an Accountant to a Financial Manager requires additional training on 2 knowledge topics (psychology, communications and media), 16 DWAs, and 40 tools and technologies

• Determine Skill Gaps from Employment Projections – Look at total, growth, or replacement occupations and determine most

needed skills across select occupations, occupational groups, or industries

• Determine Skill Gaps from One Stop job postings versus registrants, Employer Vacancy and Skills surveys, and online jobs postings

Top Projected Skills – Long Term

By Occupations Requiring By Projected Employment By Greatest Rank Increase By Greatest Rank Decrease

use hand or power tools use oral or written communication techniques

calculate monetary exchange

operate graphic reproduction equipment

use oral or written communication techniques

maintain records, reports, or files

greet customers, guests, visitors, or passengers

determine film exposure settings

direct and coordinate activities of workers or staff

use computers to enter, access or retrieve data

use cash registers use color analyzer

use computers to enter, access or retrieve data

provide customer service wrap products hand carve objects from stone or other materials

understand technical operating, service or repair manuals

clean rooms or work areas take messages operate video recorders

maintain records, reports, or files direct and coordinate activities of workers or staff

maintain dental or medical records

operate sandblasting equipment

read technical drawings obtain information from individuals

maintain inventory of office forms

cast metal objects

read work order, instructions, formulas, or processing charts

answer customer or public inquiries

use inventory control procedures

develop film or other photographic medium

prepare reports prepare reports sell merchandise process photographic prints

communicate technical information

measure, weigh, or count products or materials

maintain or repair cargo or passenger vehicle

assess staff or applicant skill levels

Increasing Skills GapStatus Quo

For Detailed Work Activities (required in at least 25 occupations):

No Gap

Growth vs. Replacements – Long Term

By Growth By Replacements

administer medications or treatments use cash registers

take vital signs calculate monetary exchange

maintain dental or medical records resolve customer or public complaints

observe patient condition greet customers, guests, visitors, or passengers

use knowledge of investigation techniques assign work to staff or employees

work with persons with mental disabilities or illnesses

collect payment

read technical drawings requisition stock, materials, supplies or equipment

use spreadsheet software compute financial data

use knowledge of medical terminology operate business machines

Key Differences between Top 25 Detailed Work Activities:

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Top Job Posting Skills

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Top Skills wanted from online Job Postings in Jobsdhamaka

Quality Assurance Pediatrics

Java Script SQL

Bilingual Software Development

Forklift Customer Relationship Management

Technical Support Pallet Jacks

Top Certifications wanted from online Job Postings in Jobsdhamaka

CDL Food safety

RN CPA

CPR Physical Therapist Certification

LPN Tanker and Hazmat Endorsement

CNA Automotive Service Excellence

• There is a demand for skills based data, which PA distributes to customers on a monthly basis, sourced from Wanted Analytics

CWIA Contact Information

Find out more at Jobsdhamaka

Customer Response Line: 0120-4850200 or Email: support@jobsdhamaka.com

On the web: www.jobsdhamaka.com, see Job Skills under Category Tab

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