Blair, Camille, Carroll, and Evon

INDUSTRY AND LABOR IN THE 19TH CENTURY

The Effect of Business and Industry on American Culture and Society

Business of America

Big Business Tycoons of the 19th Century

Andrew CarnegieHenry FordJohn D. RockefellerCornelius VanderbiltJ.P. Morgan

Industry Corporation-Complex economy-No longer all small family businesses-New inventions and technology make this possible

Eliminate competition and expand production- Monopolies- Horizontal and Vertical Integration- Trusts

- Group ownership- One huge company- Wanted to control all production of their product

The Effect of Big Businesses and Corporations

Age of Railroads

TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD

Unfair Treatment of Laborers

-Pay for Chinese, Mexican, and African-American workers was less than that of white workers (they worked longer hours too)-500 Chinese workers go on strike-Showed tension between labor and business- led to guideline of railroad industry and better organized labor movement

-Pay for Chinese, Mexican, and African-American workers was less than that of white workers (they worked longer hours too)-500 Chinese workers go on strike-Showed tension between labor and business- led to guideline of railroad industry and better organized labor movement

The Great Strike of 1887The Great Strike of 1887

Made travel between the two coasts much shorter (a few days instead of

months)

Would benefit the nation greatly

Central Pacific and Union Pacific start to build tracks (pay by mile), but commit fraud on taxpayers so bankers take over

Invention

INDUSTRY•Between 1860 and 1890 440,000 patents were issued for new ideas and products

•Led to the creation of new industries to develop, manufacture, and use products

•The explosion of invention brought more productivity to the industry

The Work Force

laborers in factories worked under poor conditions

workers also faced oppression and unfair policies from employers

soon became tired of their treatment formed unions (National Trades Union,

AFL, Knights of Labor, etc) participated in protests

Haymarket Square brings down the Knights of Labor

some legal protection finally comes Supreme Court overrules some important

laws Department of Labor and Children’s

Bureau established Socialism becomes a somewhat popular

idea as a result

Formed this union in resistance to their poor working conditions and the lack of rights they had as workers

Showed America and workers the power of organized labor.

Workers of the World Unite The Knights of Labor

Primary Source: Brooklyn Bridge one of the most sophisticated

engineering projects to date connected New York and

Brooklyn (among fastest growing cities)

was a necessary advancement because workers needed the transportation

1866: NY legislature approves building plans and John A. Roebling begins as head of construction

very challenging, but successful project

May 24, 1883: opening ceremonies

Works Cited Lapsansky-Werner, Emma J., Peter B. Levy, Randy Roberts, Alan Taylor.  United States History. Boston, Massachusetts:

Pearson Education, Inc, 2008. "Business of America, 1850-1900 (Overview)." American History. 2009. ABC-CLIO. 11 May 2009

<http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com>. "Age of Railroads (Overview)." American History. 2009. ABC-CLIO. 11 May 2009 <http://www.americanhistory.abc-

clio.com>. "Invention, 1850-1900 (Overview)." American History. 2009. ABC-CLIO. 11 May 2009

<http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com>. "Workers of the World, Unite! 1870-1914 (Overview)." American History. 2009. ABC-CLIO. 11 May 2009

<http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com>. "Knights of Labor." American History. 2009. ABC-CLIO. 11 May 2009 <http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com>. "Brooklyn Bridge." American History. 2009. ABC-CLIO. 12 May 2009 <http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com>. Golden spike ceremony. American History. ABC-CLIO. 12 May 2009 <http://www.americanhistor

y.abc-clio.com/Eras/Display.aspx?storyid=1187717&entryid=290233&issublink=true&fromsearch=false >.

John D. Rockefeller. American History. ABC-CLIO. 12 May 2009 <http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Eras/Display.aspx?storyid=1187729&entryid=270888&issublink=true&fromsearch=false >.

Brooklyn Bridge Under Construction. American History. ABC-CLIO. 12 May 2009 <http://www.americanhistory.abcclio.com/Search/Display.aspx?categoryid=24&searchtext=brooklyn+bridge&type=simple&option=all&entryid=916869&issublink=true&fromsearch=false>

Brooklyn Bridge, ca. 1883. American History. ABC-CLIO. 12 May 2009 <http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display.aspx?categoryid=24&searchtext=brooklyn+bridge&type=simple&option=all&entryid=916770&issublink=true&fromsearch=false>

Alexander Graham Bell opens long distance line. American History. ABC-CLIO. 12 May 2009 < http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Eras/Display.aspx?storyid=1187723&entryid=1172012&issublink=true&fromsearch=false>