Knowledge Management Needs in Prescription-Medication ProcessAllahyari Nooshin, Das Aby.March 30, 2011 1

Agenda

•The Current Process•Knowledge Identification•Portfolio of Systems•Selected Portfolio•Modeling and Analysis of KM Information Technologies •Role of Ontologies

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Motivation

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Motivation (cont.)

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Problematic Prescription

The Current Process–Flow Diagram

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The Current Process – Logical DFD at Level Zero

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The Current Process – Logical DFD at Level One

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The Current Process – Logical DFD at Level One (cont.)

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The Current Process – Strategic Dependency Model

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i* Model10

Possible scenarios to decrease preparation errorsPossible Scenario Advantage Disadvantage

Automated System Decreases human errors.

Cost

E-Bulletin for guidelines Aids pharmacist’s decision

Outdated, Time consuming.

Forums Pharmacist’s can contribute experiences with other pharmacists.

Time consuming, Lack of incentives.

Human-Factor Engineering

Improves efficiency Not periodically updated.

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But preparation depends on the pharmacist …

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Knowledge Identification

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Roles, Responsibilities, and Dependencies

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Current Knowledge Stores• Pharmacy Local Database• Stores customer customer information, prescription information,

and inventory of drugs. • Physical Prescription • Drug information, dosage.

• Indexing System• Locates drug information, patient history in pharmacy

• Physician’s Database• Physician’s access to patient’s records

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Knowledge Management Portfolio• Decision Support System (DSS)• Provide expert knowledge to aid pharmacist’s decision.

• Electronic Publishing System • Access to patient information using electronic means.

• Web Portal• Provides access to tools like wikis, form, email, search, and

retrieval tools.• Intranet• Facilitates access to patient past prescription and records across

different pharmacies.

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Selected Portfolio

• Decision Support System (DSS)

• Electronic-Prescription (EP or E-Prescription)(combines with Electronic Publishing System)

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Modeling and Analysis of Selected KM Technologies

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DSS

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E-Prescription

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Change in dependencies

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SD Model before EP

SD Model after EP

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Interaction of actors and stakeholders with DSS

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Goal Evaluation for DSS technology

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Interaction of actors and stakeholders with E-Prescription

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Goal Evaluation for EP technology

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Impact of Employed Technology on each other

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Temporal and Spatial Context

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Role of ontologies

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Why Ontologies?

• Unified Healthcare System• Ontologies can explicit conceptualize the semantics of the data • Ontologies can make deductions and reasoning.

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What do ontologies do?• Ontology application are classified into:• Semantic integration• Search• Decision Support System(DSS).

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Which languages?• RDF• RDF schema• OWL• Rules• KIF• Common Logic• FOL

Powerful logical languages

Conceptual Graph

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Relationship between diseases, drug, and instructionsFor all (x)

(If disease(x) (exists (y) exists (z) and ( and medicine(y) has_medicine(x,y))

(and instruction(z) has_instruction(x,y,z)))).

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Physician, Pharmacist, and EP RelationshipFor all(x) (iff prescription(x) (exists(y) exists(z) and (and Physician(y) prescribed_by(x,y)) (and pharmacist(z) used-by(x,z)))).

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Drug prescription error

For all(x) (if Disease(x)

( not exists (y) (and medicine(y) has_medicine(x,y)) (exists(z) exists (w) ( and message(z) physician(w) has_ message(x,w,z)).

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Benefits of Using our Ontology• It does not have other languages or ontologies constraints • all other semantic web languages are constriction of FOL.

• It is powerful in making deduction and reasoning• It could make inference between different ontologies.

Horrocks et al. (2005), Semantic Web Architecture: Stack or Two Towers?

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Ontology Structure• Our ontology is using different existing ontologies and using

ontology mapping techniques to connect them to each other. • WSMO (Web Services Modeling Ontology)• DOPE (Drug ontology)• Disease ontology

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WSMO (Semantic Web)

Romana et al. (2005) , Web Service Modeling Ontology

Questions?

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Thank You!

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