Technique Of Assessment OBSERVATION
Presented by,ASWANI RAJTechnique Of Assessment OBSERVATION
Observation is a natural way of gathering data. Data collected
through observation may be often more real and true than data
collected by any other method.Observation method as the name
suggests is based on observation. Observation means watching with a
purpose. It is keen and scientific study of problem.It is the
process of acquiring knowledge through the use of sense organs. It
has three components namely sensation, attention and
perception.
Kinds of ObservationStructured And Unstructured Observation
Participant And Non Participant Observation
Structured observation
It refers to the observation made when the type of activities
and characteristics to be identified and recorded are decided in
advance. It is followed when the situation to be observed is clear
and fairly unambiguous
Unstructured observation
When things to be observed are not prefixed, the observer is
more or less in a free situation to note down whatever he deems
relevant to the situations is being studied. It is used as an
exploratory technique
Participant observationIn this type, the observer also remains
in the group throughout and keeps a close watch or observes each
and every event and individuals. He will become a member of the
group and plays a crucial role. The group does not think that the
observer is a stranger. It gives more accurate, reliable and
authentic results.
Non participant observationHere the observer will be outside the
group and is placed in such a position where he can visualize the
situation very clearly without disturbing the group or individual
whom he is observing. Especially this method is useful for children
and abnormal persons.
AdvantagesVery simple to administerIt takes less time and
feasible for the investigatorMore data can be collectedRespondents
are free and will not have any inhibition in responding Very quick
to conduct and come out with results.It can even be conducted on
illiterates and children.
DisadvantagesInterference of subjective bias, values, attitudes
and emotions.The information obtained is very limitedIt is not
useful for studying past events.Validity and reliability of the
observational measurement cannot be ensured always.It is a time
consuming method
Things to be Remembered during Observation.Ensure that specific
or physical arrangements are made for the group of individuals
under observationFocus on specific activities or unit of
observationHandle the recording equipments properly.Follow the
structured schedule. Make notes of observation in the respective
context or situation as per requirements.Make observation as much
objective as possible. Avoid personal bias of the observer.
CONCLUSIONOn the whole this method is very useful and a natural
way of gathering data .Its limitation is that it is basically a
time-consuming process.
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