Pacific Islands Network Geospatial Services

Scott KichmanGIS Specialist

PACN Inventory and Monitoring Program

Department of the Interior, National Park Service

Pacific Island NetworkInventory and Monitoring Program

The Inventory and Monitoring Program is a major component of the National Park Service’s strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The Pacific Island Network (PACN) is one of 32 National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring networks of national parks linked by geography and shared natural resource characteristics.

Spanning islands in American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana archipelago, and Hawaii, the Pacific Island Network encompasses an area as large as the continental United States. The islands and near-shore marine areas within the National Park System protect a wealth of the planet's aquatic, and terrestrial biodiversity, unique geologic features, and historic and cultural sites. Isolated from the continental land-masses, these federally protected areas share similarities, including threats from invasive species, limited land area, and finite resources inherent on islands.

Extent of the PACN Monitoring Area

Hawaii Parks Ala Kahakai - ALKANational Historic Trail, Hawaiʻi

Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National ParkHAVO, Hawaiʻi

Kaloko-Honokōhau - KAHONational Historical Park, Hawaiʻi

Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau - PUHO National Historical Park, Hawaiʻi

Puʻukoholā Heiau - PUHE National Historic Site, Hawaiʻi Haleakalā National Park , Maui HALE

Kalaupapa - KALA National Historical Park, Molokaʻi

National Parks and Historical Parks and Sites in the PACN Network

Also in Hawaii (Oahu) - World War II Valor in the PacificVALRNational Monument, but no currentmonitoring here

South and Western Pacific Parks

National Park of American Samoa,NPSA American Samoa

American Memorial Park - AMMESaipan

War in the Pacific - WAPANational Historical Park, Guam

Geospatial Services for PACN Network and Outreach to PACN Parks

• Inventory and Monitoring GIS Support

• Internet Mapping Services - ArcGIS Server

• Landscape Dynamics Monitoring Protocol

• GPS Support

• Maintenance of Geospatial Databases I&M SDE and PACN SDE

• GIS Support Services for all PACN Parks

• GIS Support Services for Outside Agencies and Organizations,• Partners and Contractors (e.g. RCUH, Guest Lectures at UHH)

• Climate Station Data Maintenance

Inventory and Monitoring

Inventories

InventoryLinks to Reports and/or Data

Completion Status

Natural Resource Bibliography

IRMA Portal - online NPS tool to find and download documents & reports, GIS maps, etc.

Complete

Species Lists NPSpecies Search Complete

Species Status and Abundance

PACN Biological Inventory Reports Page

Complete

Vegetation Inventory PACN Biological Inventory Reports Page

Partially complete / In progress

Base Cartography GIS Data Store Search Complete

Geologic Resources NPS Geologic Inventory ReportsAMME in progress. All other parks complete.

Soils Resources NPS Soil Survey Data Complete

Water Body Location and Classification

USGS National Hydrography Dataset

Complete

Baseline Water Quality NPS Baseline Water Quality Data & Analysis Reports

Complete

Air Quality NPS Air Resources Website Complete

Air Quality Related Values

NPS Air Resources Website Complete

Climate PACN Weather & Climate Inventory Report

Complete

Monitoring

Vital Sign Protocol Status

Anchialine Pools Under Development

Benthic Marine Complete

Climate Complete

Early Detection of Invasive Species Under Development

Established Invasive Plant Species

Complete

Fish Harvest Under Development

Focal Terrestrial Plant Communities

Complete

Focal Terrestrial Plant Species Under Development

Groundwater Dynamics Complete

Landbirds Complete

Landscape Dynamics Under Development

Marine Fish Complete

Streams Complete

Water Quality Complete

Internet Mapping ServicesGetting the Data and Maps to the Network

Using the Geocortex Essentials as a web software base, a framework of highly functional web mapping components are created to publish Internet Mapping Services. This IMS is NPS domain only at this time.*

• Map data comes directly from the I&M SDE geodatabase to GIS Map Services

• ArcGIS Server – Exposes GIS services to REST (Representational state transfer) services

• Geocortex consumes REST and maps are built on the silverlight platform.

• Map Services are presented on a web launch page for the PACN Network

• Map Services outputs can be printed, emailed, linked and user modified

• Data can be downloaded and data can be added to the maps by users

* Map Services will be public FY15 on NPMap platform

The Web Launch Page

The Maps

Silverlight Viewer InterfaceLayers are Dynamic from ArcGIS Server RESTSelective Layers can be edited

Toolbars

Mapping Invasive Species

Transects of Strawberry Guava in Ola’aThematic Percent Cover

The Web Launch Page

Landscape Dynamics Monitoring Protocol

NPScape

NPScape is a landscape dynamics monitoring project that provides landscape-level data, tools, and evaluations for natural resource

management, planning, and interpretation. The target audience for NPScape spans the range from GIS specialists who will benefit from the

geospatial products, to ecologists and natural resource specialists who will be interested in the landscape metrics presented in a local and regional

context, to park superintendents and other land managers who can incorporate the maps and graphics into reports or briefings.

Each network will process GIS data using Standard Operating Procedures.These SOPS are actually GIS Spatial models scripted to give consistent

outputs of data products that can be part of the NPScape project.Analysis and additional SOPS will be developed by network GIS Specialists

for specific network interests.

Areas of Interests are network designed.

AOIsThe Island of HawaiiPark Boundaries and 10km buffers around those parks

Metrics, what data?

PACN will develop and process a suite of metrics that are considered integral to understanding natural resource conservation in a landscape

context. These metrics fall into seven major measure categories (human population, housing, roads, land cover, pattern, climate, and conservation status) that broadly address the human drivers, natural

systems, and conservation context of national parks and other neighboring lands.

Updated TIGER/Line® Shapefiles *used for developing Roadless data

Hawaii Island Roadless Areas

0 - 10 km^2

10 - 50 km^2

50 - 100 km^2

> 100 km^2

*TIGER = Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and

Referencing

GPS Data Collection in PACN Network

PACN Parks are all located on the Pacific Tectonic Plate

They are in 4 different UTM Zones:Hawai’i Island UTM Zone 5NAll other Hawaiian Islands UTM Zone 4NAmerican Samoa UTM Zone 2SGuam and Saipan UTM Zone 55N

Guam and Saipan are UTC + 10 Hawaiian Islands are UTC -10American Samoa is UTC -11

Different Datums? A datum is a point of reference from which measurements are made. It is where the coordinate grid is tied to the earth’s surface. Datums are recalculated and updated as technology allows for more precise measurements. These updates are referred to as realizations, flavors or many similar terms.

The new realizations are based on the global reference frame IGS08 epoch 2005.00.

Conterminous US, AK, and US Caribbean territoriesAll active controls were NAD83(CORS96)All passive controls were NAD83(NSRS2007)With NA2011, all controls are now NAD83(2011) epoch 2010.00

Pacific Plate: HI, American Samoa, Marshall Islands All active controls were NAD83(PacP00) epoch 2002.00Passive controls in HI were NAD83(1993)Passive controls in Samoa were NAD83(2002)With NA2011, all controls are now NAD83(PA11) epoch 2010.00

Mariana Plate (Guam and others)All active controls were NAD83(MarP00) epoch 2002.00All passive controls were NAD83(2002) With NA2011, all controls are now NAD83(MA11) epoch 2010.00

How good is our SBAS?

In Hawai`i, WAAS-enabled GPS receivers are able to receive the WAAS horizontal corrections broadcast from the WAAS satellites but are not within distance of the ground reference stations located on the U.S. West Coast to receive the full WAAS correction. Thus, WAAS-corrected positions in Hawaii are not expected to be as accurate as those corrected with WAAS within the continental U.S.. ( I am not in complete agreement in my testing)

According to the WAAS satellite footprint, the horizontally corrected signal reaches American Samoa, but reliable signal reception could not be confirmed. ( I confirmed this)

The WAAS signal was not available in Guam or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

In the U.S. Pacific Islands, the only publicly available network of radio towers transmitting real-time differential correction information is the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG)-operated Maritime Differential GPS (DGPS) Service. This system consists of a network of beacons set up in coastal areas to provide real-time information. Unfortunately, there are currently no DGPS network beacons providing real-time differential correction in Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or American Samoa. In Hawai`i, real-time differential correction via the USCG DGPS network is only possible on the main eight islands.

Real Time GPS Correction

GIS Support Services

• Maintenance of Geospatial Databases I&M SDE and PACN SDE

• GIS Support for all PACN Parks Help Desk for GIS users throughout the PACN Network

• GIS Support for Partners and Contractors (e.g. RCUH) Inventory Vegetation Mapping Projects

• Climate Station Data and Station Maintenance RAWS Stations throughout the network

Inventory for Vegetation MappingMapping Contactors – Kass Green and Associates,

CTI – Cogan Vegetation Mapping Contractors - RCUH

The Vegetation Mapping Inventory is an effort by the National Park Service (NPS) to classify, describe, and map detailed vegetation communities in more than 270 national park units across the United States.

NPS vegetation mapping follows well-established procedures that are compatible with other agencies and organizations. The inventory uses the National Vegetation

Classification Standard (NVCS), a system that is integrated with the major scientific efforts in the taxonomic classification of vegetation, and is a Federal

Geographic Data Committee standard. In addition, stringent quality control procedures ensure the reliability of the vegetation data and encourage the use of

resulting maps, reports, and databases at multiple scales.

Products:Detailed vegetation report

Digital vegetation mapVegetation plot data

Accuracy assessment data & analysisDichotomous vegetation key and Photo-interpretation key

In Progress

Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park,Hawaiʻi - Draft

Haleakalā National Park , Maui - AA

Kalaupapa National Historical Park, Molokaʻi -Draft…almost done!

National Park of American Samoa,American Samoa – AA/Draft

American Memorial Park, Saipan -Draft

Finished

War in the Pacific National Historical Park, Guam

Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Hawaiʻi

Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park, Hawaiʻi

Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site, Hawaiʻi

Status of the PACN Inventory

Pacific Island Network Geospatial Services

GIS SpecialistPACN Inventory and Monitoring Program

Questions?scott_kichman@nps.gov

808 985 6184