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By Phil Nicolson Presented at ICEDIS Meeting, UKSG Annual Conference, April 2014
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ICEDIS Meeting at UKSG 16th April 2014
Phil Nicolson
The supply chain (simple version)
Consortium
AuthorSubmission
and Peer Review System
Publisher
Online Host or
Technology Partner
Subscription Agent or
Sales Agent
Fulfilment House or System
Library
Discovery Service
End User
Data Providers and
Systems (multiple)
Consortium
Societies
FundersCitation
Why now?Number of journals increasing by 3.5% per annum*Number of articles increasing by 3% per annum, current output is
1.8-1.9 million per year*Number of researchers increasing by 3% per annum*Now stand at between 6 and 9 million (depending on definition)*Increased demand for anytime/anywhere accessGrowth in use of online systems for discovering and distributing
content has increased the need for unambiguous identification of people and parties exchanging that content
* Ware, M and Mabe, M, The STM Report, 2012
Unique IdentifiersWhat are they? How can they help? Numeric or alpha-numeric designations which are associated with a single entityEntities can be an institution, person, or piece of contentEnable the disambiguation of each entityProper understanding of the customer, author, reader or institutionProper identification of content object, article, product, or packageCan be used internally or in conjunction with external partners
What are Institutional Identifiers for?Disambiguating: UCL:
University College London (UK) Université Catholique de Louvain
(Belgium) Universidad Cristiana
Latinoamericana (Ecuador) University College Lillebælt
(Denmark) Centro Universitario Celso Lisboa
(Brazil) Union County Library (USA)
University of Oxford Univ. Oxford Oxford University Library, Oxford Univ. Radcliffe Science Library Bodleian Library Bodleian, Oxford Oxford, University of
Consolidating:
What are Individual Identifiers for?Disambiguating:
Wang Li Smith Jones
John J Smith J.J. Smith Smith, J Smith, John J
Consolidating:
Simplifies challenges associated with name changesSimplifies challenges associated with career progression
Institutional Identifiers – which ones?JISC and CASRAI (Consortia Advancing Standards in Research
Administration Information) report on Organisation IDs: http://repository.jisc.ac.uk/5381/1/CC549D001-1.0_org_ID_landscape_study.pdf
Examined the landscape of organisational identifiers in the UK and identified 23 different IDs
Based on interviews with key individualsLots of detail on use cases for publishing, funders, and
institutions
CASRAI reportDisambiguating organisational information from multiple
sources typically described as “a nightmare”Benefits from effective unique identifiers are truly realised
when data is sharedKey aspects of identifiers that support the widest range of
uses:GovernanceTrustTransparencyTemporalAppropriate metadata
Identifiers identifiedIdentifier Co
vera
ge
Mai
nly
used
for
linki
ng
Regu
late
d
Cura
ted
Hist
oric
HEIs
Com
pani
es
Fund
ers
Publ
ishe
rs
Name Global ● ● ● ●Dun & Bradstreet Global ● ● ● ● ● ●FundRef Global ● ●ISNI Global ● ● ● ● ● ●ORCID GlobalRinggold's Identify Global ● ● ● ● ● ●MACE & UK Federation Global ● ● ● ● ●VIAF Global ● ●Research Analytics Global ● ● ● ●Companies House UK ● ● ● ● ● ● ●Gateway to Research UK ● ● ● ● ●Government bodies UK ● ●HESA UK ● ● ●IDBR UK ● ● ● ● ● ● ●Janet UK ● ● ●Je-S/CDR OrgID UK ● ●Research Fish UK ● ● ● ●RCUK UK ● ●ROS UK ● ● ●UCAS UK ● ●UKPRN UK ● ● ● ●HEFCE England ● ● ●PIC EU ● ● ● ● ●
Please note that ORCID had not released the institutional affiliation at the point at which this report was published.
ISNIORCIDRinggold ID
ISNIInternational Standard Name IdentifierISO 27729Key Statistics
ISNI holds public records of over7.49 million identities, including:7 million individuals (of which 800,000 are researchers)490,000 organisations
The ISNI database is a cross-domain resource, contributed to by 29 institutions and databases, and 40 major national and research libraries
http://www.isni.org/
ISNI“The mission of the ISNI International Authority (ISNI-IA) is to
assign to the public name(s) of a researcher, inventor, writer, artist, performer, publisher, etc. a persistent unique identifying number in order to resolve the problem of name ambiguity in search and discovery; and diffuse each assigned ISNI across all repertoires in the global supply chain so that every published work can be unambiguously attributed to its creator wherever that work is described”
Example: 0000 0004 1936 8948
ISNIISNI Number ISNI Number
Party ID 2Party ID 1
Proprietary Information and/or
Metadata
Proprietary Information and/or
Metadata
“ISNI will act as a bridge identifier across multiple domains and become a critical component in Linked Data and Semantic Web applications”
ISNI
ORCIDORCID is designed to persistently identify and disambiguate
scholarly researchers and attach them to research output.ORCID identifiers utilize a format compliant with the ISNI ISO
standard. ISNI has reserved a block of identifiers for use by ORCID, so
there will be no overlaps in assignments.Recorded as http://orcid.org/0000-0001-2345-6789
http://about.orcid.org/ http://www.isni.org/
ORCIDKey Statistics
Live ORCID IDs: 643,043ORCID IDs with at least one work: 132,705
ORCID provides two core functions:a registry to obtain a unique identifier and manage a record of
activities.APIs that support system-to-system communication and
authentication.
ORCID
Ringgold IDs375,000 Institutional records
HierarchicalRich metadata
Working closely with the ISNI Technical CommitteeRinggold data considered base data for institutional
recordsRinggold will be providing ISNIs within our dataRinggold is an ISNI Registration AgencyWorking closely with ORCID
Ringgold IDs
Diffusion
Consortium
AuthorSubmission
and Peer Review System
Publisher
Online Host or
Technology Partner
Subscription Agent or
Sales Agent
Fulfilment House or System
Library
Discovery Service
End User
Data Providers and
Systems (multiple)
Consortium
Societies
FundersCitation
DiffusionORCIDs appearing in publicationsRinggold to supply ISNI IDsORCID using ISNIs to identify institutional affiliationsProquest’s Scholar Universe is ingesting ISNIs into it’s databaseMacMillan is using ISNIs within their Digital Science serviceBowker has ingested 2 million ISNIs into Books in PrintBritish Library Ethos database allowing researchers to import data
into their ORCID record and will be able to attach ORCIDs to their thesis in Ethos
CISAC running their royalty system based on ISNIsWikipedia is ingesting ISNIs
Phil NicolsonData [email protected]