7 categories of collaborative services

Designing collabora.ve services on the digital pla4orm

The role of ICT in the diffusion of social innova5on

Baek Joon Sang

PhD candidate DIS‐INDACO

Politecnico di Milano

Research theme

How does informa5on communica5on technologies (ICT) influence the social network of collabora5ve organiza5ons and the diffusion of collabora5ve services?

Design for sustainability

Strategic design and

service design

Social innova5on

Research domains

Design for sustainability

Strategic design and

service design

Social innova5on

Research domains

Collabora5ve service

Social network Peer‐to‐Peer digital

plaMorm

Designing collabora5ve services on the digital

plaMorm

Research Needs

Extrinsic needs Intrinsic needs

• Diffuse ICT has democra5zed innova5ons and new ways of collabora5on are emerging.

• In the period when transi5on towards sustainability is urgently needed (environmentally, socially and economically), we have unprecedented opportuni5es that make the present the right moment to diffuse social innova5on.

• Previous works on design for social innova5on and sustainability have focused on collec5ng and analyzing promising cases of crea5ve communi5es, designing services that support collabora5on and innova5on of the communi5es.

• By iden5fying how ICT enriches social network of collabora5ve organiza5ons and how innova5on spreads through ICT, we can use ICT as an effec5ve tool to diffuse collabora5ve services.

Research Needs

Extrinsic needs Intrinsic needs

• Diffuse ICT has democra5zed innova5ons and new ways of collabora5on are emerging.

• In the period when transi5on towards sustainability is urgently needed (environmentally, socially and economically), we have unprecedented opportuni5es that make the present the right moment to diffuse social innova5on.

• Previous works on design for social innova5on and sustainability have focused on collec5ng and analyzing promising cases of crea5ve communi5es, designing services that support collabora5on and innova5on of the communi5es.

• By iden5fying how ICT enriches social network of collabora5ve organiza5ons and how innova5on spreads through ICT, we can use ICT as an effec5ve tool to diffuse collabora5ve services.

Research Ques.ons

“How does ICT influence the social network of collabora5ve services?”

“How innova5on spreads through the social network of a collabora5ve organiza5on?”

“How ICT can contribute to diffusing collabora5ve services for sustainable local development?”

Research goal

The research goal is to design a service design tool that helps designers and developers to develop enabling solu5ons for sustainable local development.

Research structure

Focal theory

Background theory

Data theory

Contribu5on Ar5cula5on of the findings Placing them in professional and academic discourse

Framing appropriate theore5cal context

Areas of interest

Hypothesis

Research ques5on

How do people use ICT to meet their

social needs through collabora5on?

Case study of collabora5ve services

on the digital plaMorm

Stage 1. Case studies

Par5cipa5on in the design projects on sustainable local development

Stage 2. Projects

Design of a service design tool for

developing an enabling solu5on and

applica5on of the tool

Does the tool contribute to the

diffusion of collabora5ve service?

What do designers/developers need in developing enabling solu5ons on digital

plaMorm?

Stage 3. Design and applica5on of a tool

Literature studies

Research structure

Focal theory

Background theory

Data theory

Contribu5on Ar5cula5on of the findings Placing them in professional and academic discourse

Framing appropriate theore5cal context

Areas of interest

Hypothesis

Research ques5on

How do people use ICT to meet their

social needs through collabora5on?

Case study of collabora5ve services

on the digital plaMorm

Stage 1. Case studies

Par5cipa5on in the design projects on sustainable local development

Stage 2. Projects

Design of a service design tool for

developing an enabling solu5on and

applica5on of the tool

Does the tool contribute to the

diffusion of collabora5ve service?

What do designers/developers need in developing enabling solu5ons on digital

plaMorm?

Stage 3. Design and applica5on of a tool

Literature studies

Preliminary research: Case studies

• Aim: To collect the cases of collabora5ve service on the digital plaMorm. To iden5fy the use of ICT in collabora5ve services and their impact on the social network of collabora5ve organiza5ons

• Partner: The Founda5on of Banca E5ca • Period: 2008 November ~ 2009 July • Method: Website analysis, interview (on and offline)

• Results: Light analysis of 25 cases, in‐depth analysis of 10 cases

Criteria for selec.ng the cases

• More than 100 candidates of digital solu5ons – web and mobile plaMorms – have been looked into.

• 25 Cases were selected using the three criteria: 1. A service uses informa5on communica5on technologies to

promote itself and enhance communica5on within community. 2. A service requires collabora5on in both the physical and the

digital worlds. 3. A service must be designed and provided by users in order to

sa5sfy their unmet social needs. Therefore, government or corporate‐oriented cases were excluded.

• 10 Cases were selected from the 25 cases for in‐depth analysis.

Peladeiros Solidarius

Sistema FBES

Vicini vicini Economia solidale

Zero rela5vo

Green map Open green map Couch surfing

Meetup Diabe5cs' meetup Katrinalist.net

Shelfari Bookcrossing Carrotmob

Hope ins5tute Mapo dure

One life Japan

Aka aki

Grofun Pledgebank Ac5vmob

No 10 Pe55ons FixMyStreet mySociety.org RED Open

Health Project

Hitchhikers

28 Cases hlp://www.sustainable‐everyday.net/codi/ Case Form Service area Origin Since

Hitchhikers enabling solu5on Mainly Europe The Netherlands 1999 Hope ins5tute enabling solu5on South Korea South Korea 2006 Peladeiros enabling solu5on Brazil Brazil 2001 Vicini vicini enabling solu5on Rome, Italy Italy 1999 Green map enabling solu5on Worldwide US 1995

Open green map enabling solu5on Worldwide US 2008 Grofun collabora5ve service Bristol, UK UK 2007

Couch surfing enabling solu5on Worldwide US 2004 Meetup enabling solu5on Worldwide US 2001

Pledgebank enabling solu5on UK and 12 other countries UK 2005 Katrinalist.net enabling solu5on US US 2005

Shelfari enabling solu5on Worldwide US 2006 Bookcrossing enabling solu5on Worldwide US 2001 Mapo dure plaMorm Seoul, South Korea South Korea 1997 Ac5vmob enabling solu5on Kent, UK UK 2008 Aka aki enabling solu5on Germany Germany 2008

Carrotmob enabling solu5on US US 2008 Economia solidale enabling solu5on Italy Italy 1994 No 10 Pe55ons enabling solu5on UK UK 2006 FixMyStreet enabling solu5on UK UK ? WiserEarth enabling solu5on Worldwide 2007 Solidarius enabling solu5on Brazil Brazil 2008

mySociety.org plaMorm Worldwide UK 2003 Sistema FBES enabling solu5on Brazil Brazil ?

RED Open Health Project enabling solu5on UK UK 2004 Diabe5cs' meetup collabora5ve service US US 2009

Zero rela5vo enabling solu5on Italy Italy 2006 Timebanks plaMorm US US 1980's

Finding 1. 7 types of collabora.ve service

1. Producer/consumer network

2. Mapping diffused informa5on 3. Aggregate social ac5on 4. Crea5ng social network for conviviality 5. Mutual support circle

6. Competences, 5me and products exchange

7. Products, places and knowledge sharing

28 cases in 7 types

case (column) - service typology (row)

Producers /consumers networks

Mapping diffused

information

Aggregated social action

Creating social network for conviviality

Mutual-support circles

Competences, time and products exchange

Products, places knowledge

sharing

Hitchhikers o Social invention center in Hope institute o

Peladeiros o Vicini vicini o Green map o Open green map o Grofun o Couch surfing o Meetup (enabling solution) Diabetics' meetup (collaborative service) o Club Tutti Milano (collaborative service) o

Pledgebank o Shelfari o Bookcrossing o Mapo dure (platform) Car sharing (collaborative service) o

Dure shop o Aka aki o Carrotmob o GAS o (o) No 10 Petitions o FixMyStreet o WiserEarth Solidarius o mySociety.org (platform) Sistema FBES (enabling solution) o

Open health project by RED (platform) o

1. Producers/consumers network

Producer/consumer network is a type of collabora5ve service in which producers and consumers pursue mutual benefits by establishing a direct network.

2. Mapping diffused informa.on

Mapping diffused informa5on is a collabora5ve service in which users collaborate to map diffused loca5onal informa5on.

3. Aggregated social ac.on

Aggregated social ac5on is a collabora5ve service in which people act together and use their collec5ve power to achieve social goals.

4. Crea.ng social network for conviviality

Crea5ng social network for conviviality is a collabora5ve service whose primary goal is to improve social conviviality by forming and reinforcing a social network. People are oqen from the same locality and interact face‐to‐face and virtually on a regular basis.

5. Mutual‐support circles

Mutual support circles are a collabora5ve service where people provide mutual support to one another in order to solve problems that they have in common.

6. Competences, .me and products exchange

Competences, 5me and products exchange is a collabora5ve service in which people collaborate through the exchange of competences, 5me and products.

7. Products, places and knowledge sharing

Products, places knowledge sharing is a collabora5ve service in which people collaborate through sharing products, places and knowledge.

Finding 2. The structural system of collabora.ve services

PlaMorm A platform hosts one or more enabling solutions e.g.) Zoes


Enabling solu5on An enabling solution motivates and empowers people to create a service to meet their needs e.g.) Meetup




A service created by users involves activities in the digital and/or physical world. e.g.) Seattle Social Diabetics




Event An event is the result of a collaborative service in digital and/or physical form. e.g.) Diabetics


A service created by users involves activities in the digital and/or physical world. e.g.) Seattle Social Diabetics



Findings 3. Typologies based on the SN structure

Finding 4. Collabora.ve service and social network

• In the process of designing a collabora5ve service, social network is produced as a byproduct. ICT reinforces the forma5on of the weak social 5es of collabora5ve organiza5ons.

Produc5on of a solu5on

Produc5on of social network

Finding 4. Collabora.ve service and social network

• In the process of designing a collabora5ve service, social network is produced as a byproduct. ICT reinforces the forma5on of the weak social 5es.

• The social network thus formed facilitates the diffusion of a solu5on and creates a condi5on for new collabora5ons, thereby crea5ng a virtuous circle between the produc5on of a solu5on and social network.

Produc5on of a solu5on

Produc5on of social network

Future works

• Case study of 4 design projects on sustainable local development – Services for sustainable local development in Chongming Island, China – Community‐based tourism Project in Amazon, Brazil

– Agricultural South Park Project in Milan, Italy

– Time Bank Project in Tren5no, Italy

• Designing a tool for developing enabling solu5ons on the digital plaMorm and applying it in a design exercise.

Thank you.