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Building co-design into services
Experiences from Kristiansand, Norway
Kristiansand
• 83 000 inhabitantsGrowth rate of 1% p.a
• Capital city of countyVest-Agder
• The region Sørlandet:265,000 inhabitants
• 36,000 places of work– process industry - oil-related engeneering - tourism - university/education - trade - harbour
Ferry
Plane
Newcastle
Kristiansand
Laws and regulations
There are few laws and regulations for the co-design, but some for ”universal design”. There is, however, a general recommendation from all governmental offices to include representatives of different interested parts as often as possible.
Laws that clearly express regulations, especially for the inclusion of disabled people are:
• Act on public procurement• Act on non-dicriminating of handicapped people• Act on design of buildings
The NGO and “Voluntary sector” in Norway
The NGO’s are defined and well established in Norway as in most countries.
There is, however, no legal definition on ”Voluntary sector”,but characteristics include:• The organisations in the sector should be:
– Run by members– Self-owned– Usually non-economic motive
Under the ”Freedom of association” – there are no restrictions on creating an organisation or be a member.– However, not consitutionalised– Protected also in the UN convention
Norway 58 %
Sweden 51 %
Iceland 40 %
Denmark 35 %
UK 30 %
USA 22 %
Netherlands 16 %
France 14 %
Australia 13 %
Poland 12 %
Share of population participated in voluntary work last 10 years in industrialised countries (John Hopkins comparative non-profit sector project 1995)
Category Share of voluntary work hours
Culture and leisure
54 %
Welfare 13 %
Political, humanitarian and environment
10 %
Housing and economy
17 %
Religious 6 %
Reasons for working in the ”Voluntary Sector”
Voluntary work is of great importance to the community and to each individual, both as recipients and as volunteers:
1. Improved quality of life – ”a reason for living”
2. Personal development
3. Safety and well-being in the local community
4. Social capital
5. Active local democracy
6. Production of welfare benefits and services
7. Encourages engagement for the public good
Example 1Reform in care of mental illness
A governmental reform in the care of mental illness gave the municipalities increased responsibility for care and organisation of peoples everyday life.
Challenge was to involve people or peoples relatives to have a successful introduction of the reform, and for the persons affected.
1.Start-up periode•Project desciption, mandate, political decision•Organising and budgetting•Planing of involvement-activities, organisations to invite, individuals as representatives of the group in question•Introductory meetings, visions
2. Work periode•Groups - suggestions•Data-collection.
3. Hearing-decision - effectuation.•Plan for hearing and comments - information•Discussions – revised suggestion.•Political treatment•Introduction to budget and Action Plan
Example 1Reform in care of mental illness
Challenges in co-design for vulnerable groups
Lack of ressourses (social capital).Example: people with mental diseases, psychosis, unstable health conditions, small or non-existing networks, personal or common problems, varying degree of emotional stability, low insight into own illness, suppressed, stigmatizing behavior and identity.
To get such persons involved and task-oriented, some positive results has come from giving them a ”Organisational training” to be more suitable as a spokes-person.
• Mental Health.• Interest groups.• Municipal and other public
bodies responsibilities and authority.
• Participation• Psychiatric plan -
intentions.• Work in a committee.• Mediacontact.• Presentation tecnique.• How to run a local
interest-organisation.
Organisational training
Example 2How to design a customer care centre (CCC) for social services.
The DuViTo centre is designed to give the offices in Kristiansand a ”soft” entrance for people seeking information about social services, housing, help to handicapped, and much more.
All build on values like:– Respect– Honesty– Proffesionalism– Anonymity for people in
need for social services
Example 2How to design a customer care centre (CCC) for social services.
There has been paid a lot of attention to the universal design of the premisses:
• Preparred for easy access with wheel-chairs and baby boggy
• Talking signs for blind or visually impaired
• Leading marks at the floor for visually impaired
• Wire loops for hearing disabilities And due to safety for the staff:• Open lobby• Open offices with windows • Alarms to security guard (hardly
ever used)• Absolutely not soundproof
Example 2How to design a customer care centre (CCC) for social services.
In establishing the centre the following bodies have
been involved:• Board of disabled people• Board of elderly people• Representatives of the social services
Being a CCC for the social care services the customers are in absolutely all shapes and conditions
• Elderly people seeking information• Young persons seeking information• Disabled in most forms• Alcoholics• Drug addicts• People in crisis• People in short term emergency
Example 3Universal design in recreational areas
In the 80’s there were taken a general decision that ”all” areas of recreation and of public use, like central centre areas, parks, bus-lines, railway stations and public building should be prepared for all, including people in wheel-chairs, blind and weak-sighted, and more.
This has led to a 25 years long co-operation between the municipality and The organisation for disabled people in Kristiansand (FFO).
Example 3Universal design in recreational areas
In every project the FFO is invited in for giving their opinions and advice in design, use of materials, shape and fitting.
That include all reshaping of public areas, that being a beach or a church.
There have been made a Building standard for the municipality that is attracting interest in Norway as well as internationally.
Example 3Universal design in recreational areas
The co-design has a formal form with the Organisation for disabled people, but there are a lot of co-design being done with a variety of contributors.
This picture shows a landscape-designer from the technical department in a work-shop with representatives for a school that will have their school-yard reconstructed.
Example 3Universal design in recreational areas
In certain areas there are several public and privat bodies engaged. Here we have an area ownwd and developed by:
• The municipality, • The region, • Private investors, And in addition for
development purposes• Representatives from
local sport-organisations• The local organisation for
disables people
The plan of the area, agreed by all parties and with cars and people separated
