Evaluation of “Patient Monitoring Systems”

1

DH2408 Evaluation Methods in HCI

“Patient Monitoring Systems”

By Group 4

Shaun Mendonsa(900719-4617)

Klemen Lilija(19910409)

Sujith Kumar Anand(870227-T332)

Shivan Dana Jala(19880330-3653)

Anxiao Chen(19920510)

Project coordinator: Heikki Teriö

December 17, 2013

2

Table of Contents By Group 4 ........................................................................................................................................... 1

Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 2

1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 3

2. Method ............................................................................................................................................... 3

Alaris GH Syringe Pump ................................................................................................................ 3

B. Braun Perfusor Space Infusion Pump ........................................................................................ 3

2.1. Data Collection ........................................................................................................................ 5

3. Results ................................................................................................................................................. 6

3.2. Qualitative data analysis .......................................................................................................... 9

3.3. Interview results and conclusion ............................................................................................ 10

4. Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 11

5. Discussion .......................................................................................................................................... 11

6. Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................... 12

7. References ........................................................................................................................................ 12

8. Appendices ........................................................................................................................................ 13

Appendix C ........................................................................................................................................ 15

Interview Questions .......................................................................................................................... 15

Appendix D ........................................................................................................................................ 16

Nondisclosure and Recording Consent ............................................................................................. 16

Appendix E ........................................................................................................................................ 16

Conversation during interview.......................................................................................................... 16

Abstract

A user evaluation study conducted on two Medical Syringe pumps to compare the

functionality, effectiveness and learnability of their interface design. The study was

conducted using comparative quantitative analysis followed by a semi-structured qualitative

interview. Data was captured using video and sound recording. It was then evaluated using

statistical and coding analysis. The study provided insight into the users interaction and

functioning of the interface while displaying minor flaws with the outlay and design. The

systems have already been optimized for the medical market but new interface designs could

improve the users experience and speed while minimizing the errors and deviations

associated with programming the system.

3

1. Introduction We are examining the user interface of two Syringe pump systems, namely the B. Braun

Perfusor Space Infusion Pump and the Alaris GH Syringe Pump which are used on newborn

infants at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm[1]. The evaluation is

conducted to examine the usability of their user interfaces[2]. Our test group consisted of four

nurses, which were given specific tasks to carry out on both systems. After the test session, a

short semi-structured interview was carried out. Sessions were recorded for data extraction

and analysis. Data was interpreted and specific recommendations formed[2].

2. Method We conducted a summative evaluation[2] of the two prevalent syringe pumps found in

Karolinska University Hospital:

Alaris GH Syringe Pump

The Alaris pump is a syringe pump for acute and subacute applications designed on a

versatile and flexible platform for infusion therapy on a broad range of applications and

features suited for drug therapy, blood transfusions and parenteral feeding. It has a visible

display and interface with a wide range of speciality sets and drug lists. It has an ergonomic

casing which allows ease of transport, cleaning, and a variety of mounting methods which

includes the Alaris Gateway Workstation that provides extensive data connectivity

compatible with Patient Data Management Systems (PDMS) and Hospital Information

Systems (HIS) through open network architecture[3] (See figure 1).

B. Braun Perfusor Space Infusion Pump

The B.Braun pump is a flexible Infusion pump action system that can be used to perform

multiple different therapies. It is the pump that can be racked together with multiple similar

systems that can be controlled by a Universal User Interface. It has interdisciplinary

applications which can be controlled for each separate pump or together through the User

Interface control panel. As a single unit, the B.Braun is the smallest and lightest available

system in the market thus making it a portable and efficient system ideal for interclinical and

interhospital transport. The B.Braun system interface has a simplistic design which programs

the pumps functions. This interface is controlled by the nurses[4] (See Figure 2).

4

Figure 1. Alaris Plus Syringe Pump Figure 2. B.Braun pump system

We focused on the effectiveness and efficiency of usability criteria[5], since being able to

complete the intended actions within reasonable time frame, is one of the most important

aspects of any medical equipment. The end goal was to evaluate the design, exposing the

flaws in interfaces and make recommendations for improvements, to make the systems more

intuitive, quick and easy to use.

Pilot study[2] was carried out to test the appropriateness of intended tasks, define the optimal

path of the tasks and shape the interview questions. The pilot study took place at Karolinska

University Hospital in Huddinge, in C2:44 office under supervision of our coordinator Heikki

Teriö at the department of Biomedical Engineering. There, an expert user (doctor) helped us

prepare the systems for the pilot study, showed us the basic functions and suggested us

specific numbers for parameters that we intended to use in the tasks (maximum volume, rate

of flow). When both of the systems were prepared, the four participants (nurses) of our pilot

study came. They were only trained on Alaris systems and worked through the tasks in pairs.

Through this we were able to define the optimal paths of the tasks only for Alaris system,

however, with the help of expert user we were able to refine the tasks and the plan of the final

study.

The final study took place at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit K78, Karolinska University

Hospital in Huddinge. The participants that we recruited for the study were nurses, since they

are the main users of the systems. The intention was to have a within-subject design, with 8-

10 nurses, trained and experienced on both systems. Participant numbers had to be adjusted

according to the availability of representative users and their willingness to participate in our

study. Final study included four nurses, all of them trained and experienced on Alaris system,

but only three of them trained on Braun system. Out of these three, only one was experienced

with Braun system. Both systems were placed in the same room, next to each other, which

5

made it easier for participants and camera operators to switch between systems. Interviews

were conducted in a separate room, to make the evaluation as short as possible and cause the

least disturbance of the hospital workflow. As mentioned before, we were able to only get

four nurses which were reluctant (except one of them) to use the Braun system. Therefore we

had to adjust the final study and not randomise the order of the evaluated systems. Nurses

always started with tasks on Alaris GH Syringe Pump, and continued on Braun Perfusor

Space Infusion Pump. We had an expert user present at all times, to help with the system

when the participants got stuck during the tasks.

The tasks were designed to compare the commonly used functionality of syringe pump

systems. On each system two tasks were carried out, first task covered the set up of the

system and programing it to a specific flow rate value. More specifically, it required the user

to insert and connect the syringe to the pump, according to the system used, as both systems

had a different method. Then the user was instructed to program the systems speed and

volume to rate of flow of 5 ml/hr, and start the fluid flow.

Participants immediately continued with the second task, which required programming of the

system to change the value of the flow, with syringe pump system already running.

Participants were asked to change the setup of the system, with a running rate of flow of 5

ml/hr to 15 ml/hr to evaluate the systems in changing setups.

After completion of all the tasks on both systems, a semi-structured interview was conducted

to determine the users experience with the interface, the learnability of the system, and the

users preferences in either system. With above described study design, we were able to keep

the whole evaluation process (all tasks and interview) under 10 min per participant.

2.1. Data Collection

Quantitative data[6] was collected using video recordings of the participants interacting with

the system. Two camera angles were used to have a constant view of the interface

independent of the participant position. Later on, three types of data were extracted from the

footage - task completion, deviation from optimal path and duration of each task. Task

completion was extracted in form of binary information - either the task was finished

6

successfully without any external help of expert user or it was considered a failure. Deviation

from optimal path was defined as the number of extra steps (clicks) that the nurses took to

complete the task. Optimal path[5][2], which is the lowest number of steps to complete the

task, was defined beforehand with help of user manuals, pilot study and expert user. Duration

of the task was measured as the elapsed time in-between the first contact with the system

(click on the interface, insertion of the syringe), and the last contact with the system.

Quantitative data was collected using audio recordings of the interviews, which were

conducted after the completion of all the tasks on both systems. Interview recording were

transcribed into text and prepared for coding analysis.

3. Results 3.1. Quantitative data analysis

In this part, task completion, tasks duration and deviation from optimal path data will be

presented and statistically analysed. When interpreting the presented data the participants

profiles have to be considered[2]. All nurses were trained and experienced on Alaris system,

however, only nurse 2 was trained and experienced on Braun systems. Nurse 1 and 4 were

trained on Braun system a day before our evaluation, therefore their experience with Braun

system was very limited. Nurse 3 had no training or experience on Braun system. The

participants profiles makes the raw data comparison biased towards Alaris system. Therefore,

when looking at the quantitative data collected from the Braun system evaluation, we

recommend having the learnability aspect of usability in mind.

Figure 3 presents task completion and task duration in order of tasks performed. Task

completion on Braun system with only 37,5% while the Alaris system had a success rate of

87,5% , with only nurse 4 failing at the task 1. It has to be mentioned that there is a high

probability that the failure of nurse 4 was caused because of the language barrier and

misunderstanding between moderator of evaluation and the participant. This kind of failure in

communication was not observed at any other task or participant.

Alaris Alaris B.Braun B.Braun

7

TASK 1 TASK 2 TASK 1 TASK 2

Nurse 1 51 s / completed 20 s / completed 178 s / failed 27 s /completed

Nurse 2 39 s / completed 14 s / completed 42 s / completed 8 s / completed

Nurse 3 35 s / completed 9 s /completed 123 s / failed 23 s / failed

Nurse 4 44 s / failed 20 s /completed 116 s / failed 106 s / failed

Mean 42s 16s 115 s 41s

Standard deviation 6s 5s 61s 38s

Figure 3. Task completion table

Although task durations on Alaris and Braun systems are not comparable, because of

participants differences in experience with the systems, it is still helpful to look at it when

interpreting qualitative data from interviews, judging learnability and thinking about

recommendations to improve the syringe pump system designs.

Figure 4 presents task duration and task completion from more visual perspective, showing

sequence of tasks by participant as they were carried out in the final study. Total time needed

for participant to complete both tasks on a system is also shown. From this data and standard

deviation data in figure 2, it is evident that experience (not just training) greatly affects time

needed to complete the tasks, which can be seen from high variation of task durations among

participants on Broun system. This is an important observation, since in hospital

environment, having been trained on specific equipment, should be enough to do the task on

it effectively and efficient. Learning through experience with using the equipment on

patients, should be avoided since it can cause major complications in case of an error.

8

Figure 4. Task sequence and duration

Figure 5 complements figure 4 and shows sequence of steps and deviations from optimal path

in form of a spaghetti chart. Chart visualises where exactly in the sequence the most

deviations occurred, and makes it easier for usability expert to judge how severe the

deviations were.

Figure 5. Sequence of steps and deviation from optimal path

To do a more detailed analysis of the sequence of steps, data was analysed through

perspective of three specific questions, that provided insight in the aspects of usability that

we are interested in. The questions were:

9

1. How many steps (button presses) were needed in total for user to operate through the two

tasks?

2. Which steps took the longest?

3. Which steps were quick and easy for participants to find, understand and execute?

Observing the results from this analysis approach (Appendix A), we can identify some

common features. For example the steps that consisted of pressing the arrowed button in

Alaris system took the most time for all participants. On the contrary, buttons “ok” and

“stop” were straightforward and quick to execute. For the Braun system, we can see that

setup of the infusion pump was one of the steps that took the longest, even for experienced

user (participant 2). For the participants that weren’t experienced on the Broun system, the

arrowed button control was one of the features that caused the most confusion and took the

most time in the step sequence. As on Alaris system, “Stop” and “Ok” buttons were

straightforward and quick to use for all participants. The average number of steps that

participants took on Alaris system was 33, and 28 for the the Braun system.

3.2. Qualitative data analysis

After we completed transcribing the recordings of the interview and reviewing the video

recordings, we localized the targeted segments which we were to evaluate, namely the

effectiveness measured by deviation and time, efficiency in programming the system and

learnability.We then completed reading the transcripts of the semi structured interviews based

on the user satisfaction with the pump systems and its learnability. We then reviewed it to

select the main criterions we were focusing on the users effectiveness with the systems

through a content approach[2]. We highlighted the main focal points and addressed them in

the interviews. We chose the users satisfaction with the system, effectiveness in task

completion and the learnability and recommendations for the systems as the three criterion to

highlight from the interview transcripts.The remaining data was dismissed.

We correlated the interview data response of each user and then based on their proficiency

with either system, we ranked the importance of their response. The users were mainly

specialised in the Alaris system and had not much experience in the B. Braun system which

resulted in slightly skewed results. One user however was better acquainted and trained in the

B. Braun system and hence her insight was given a higher importance.

10

3.3. Interview results and conclusion

We used coding analysis[5] to derive the results from the interviews with are three main focal

points being as follows.

Satisfaction with the System: Three of the four users felt the path for programming the B.

Braun system was shorter and quicker compared to the Alaris system for Task 2 with one

user mentioning that she might prefer the B. Braun system later with a little more experience

when asked which pump was prefered “Probably I would prefer the alaris but that is because

I have worked it for a longer time, but maybe in a couple of months the Braun”. Most users

were satisfied with the interface design although one user found the B. Braun system to be a

little difficult to understand and not descriptive enough but this was a user who was not well

acquainted with the system before which did end up to be more of a learnability issue.

Another user commented about the optimal path required in the B. Braun system but was

unaware about the actual optimal path, she mentioned “I do not understand why its necessary

, the sequence they have on the B. Braun system where you have to stop and the change the

values.”

Effectiveness in Task Completion: The users completed the two tasks effectively with the

Alaris system but three of the users needed assistance in Task 1 for the and two for Task 2 in

the B. Braun system. This result can be attributed to the lack of experience in the users with

the B. Braun system. Few users felt that the new interface of the B. Braun was difficult to

understand because but felt that with proper training that could be remedied.

Learnability and Recommendations from users: The target group had mixed feelings

about the two systems. Two users felt the B. Braun system was easier to learn and while the

others sided with the Alaris(considering that one had no training with the B. Braun system).

The users felt that the controls in the B. Braun were a lot faster compared to the old system.

One user prefered the size of the smaller B. Braun system compared to the Alaris system.

Most users were satisfied with the interface design but one felt that a clear and visible

confirmation step should be added to the interfaces.

11

4. Recommendations According to the results, there are some features which can be improved between the two

infusion systems in further work.

1. the most serious problem for Alaris pump system is the speed of arrowed button when

changing the rate value. User has to continuously press the arrowed buttons to make small

incremental changes to the value of flow rate. On the other hand, B.Braun is better than

Alaris on this feature; B.Braun adopts flexible controls for user so that flow rate can be

changed effectively.

2. Appendix A and B show the average values of question 1 for two systems. For Alaris, the

average 33, and for B.Braun is 28 steps. From this data we can see that the optimal path for

the B.Braun uses less steps. The difference is sufficient to warrant a need for streamlining the

navigation in the Alaris system by minimizing the steps in programming.

3. The outlay of the control panel of the interface could be more user friendly in the sense

that it is properly colour coded. The users felt that the button descriptions were too vague and

hence used the minimal amount of different controls. This resulted in deviating from the

optimal path and taking a larger number of steps.

4. Participants find the interface of two different syringe pumps difficult to operate. Since, the

pumps have two different interfaces; in their functions, i.e., Alaris Syringe pump contain 14

buttons of various functions but B Braun syringe pump has 10 buttons. Additionally, B Braun

syringe pump contain a left and right arrow buttons which is not present in Alaris syringe

pumps, this is confusing to participants who are using Alaris syringe pumps to adopt for this

change, however introduction of the left and right buttons is very advantageous for changing

the volume of dosage. So solution to this problem would be to provide a ‘standard’ buttons

with same functions present in all the syringe pumps.

5. Discussion This study was done to evaluate the usability of the interfaces of the two syringe pumps used

at Karolinska Hospital at Huddinge. The test was conducted and streamlined to have

quantitative data about the effectiveness and usability of the system. A semi-structured

interview was conducted after to get the users feedback and what was going on in their minds

12

while working on the interface. The quantitative analysis exposed problems in both the

interfaces, albeit minor issues that could hinder the learnability of the system and result in a

larger amount of errors. The qualitative analysis provided satisfactory answers in gauging the

users knowledge of either system. The results were based on the correlation of the

quantitative and qualitative data to estimate[5], evaluate, and backup the outcomes of the

study.

Overall, the users were partially satisfied with the design of the interface but believed a few

changes would help in improving the usability of the systems. The study was conducted in an

ethical manner with the prior consent of all the users.

6. Conclusions

It can be concluded that the two systems have very functional and interactive interface

designs. These systems have been in the market for many years and have improved on the

design but still have room for further improvisations based on the users needs. As was

evident, the nurses were generally satisfied with the system but they did display the minor

flaws in the systems that could be room for improvement.

The recommendations provided did showcased some of the changes that could be used to

improve the users experience when interacting with the system. However there are a lot more

variables to factor in when dealing with medical syringe pumps like the size of the devices or

the purpose in which they are used. Our study focused only on the interface design and how it

can be improved. We also could not accurately determine which system would be better

suited as the experience of the users varied between the two systems.

7. References [1] “Department of Medicine, Huddinge.” [Online]. Available:

http://ki.se/ki/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=9640&l=en&calendararchive. [Accessed: 20-Dec-

2013].

[2] “Wiley: Handbook of Usability Testing: Howto Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective

Tests, 2nd Edition - Jeffrey Rubin, Dana Chisnell, Jared Spool.” [Online]. Available:

http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470185481.html. [Accessed: 12-

Nov-2013].

[3] “Alaris® GP Plus Volumetric Pump with Guardrails® - CareFusion.” [Online].

Available: http://www.carefusion.co.uk/medical-products/infusion/alaris-

system/alaris_gp_plus_volumetric_pump_guardrails.aspx. [Accessed: 19-Nov-2013].

13

[4] “B. Braun Medical Inc. - Products - Perfusor® Space Infusion Pump System.” [Online].

Available:

http://www.bbraunusa.com/products.html?id=00020743040000000389&prid=8713030U.

[Accessed: 20-Dec-2013].

[5] “Wiley: Interaction Design: Beyond Human - Computer Interaction, 3rd Edition -

Yvonne Rogers, Helen Sharp, Jenny Preece.” [Online]. Available:

http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-EHEP001645.html. [Accessed:

20-Dec-2013].

[6] B. Dohman, “Explore four methods for collecting qualitative research,” human-kinetics,

11-Nov-2008. [Online]. Available:

http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/explore-four-methods-for-collecting-

qualitative-research. [Accessed: 02-Oct-2013].

8. Appendices

Appendix A

Alaris

system

Question

1

Question 2 Question 3

Participant

1

28 times

- the button for power on

- The arrowed button of change rate

value by up/down

- The button of “ok”

and“stop”

Participant

2

35 times


value by up/down

- The button of power on


and“stop”

- The arrowed button of

change rate value

Participant

3

25 times

- The arrowed button of change

rate value by up/down


and“stop”

- The arrowed button of

change rate value

Participant

44 times




and“stop”

14

4 value by up/down - The arrowed button of

change rate value

Appendix B

B.Braun

system

Question

1

Question 2 Question 3

Participant

1

35 times

(with

help)

- The arrowed button control of

up/down/left/right

- Setup infusion pump into slot of

the system

- The button of start and

stop


Participant

2

17 times


the system


stop



Participant

3

28 times

(with

help)


up/down/left/right

- Setup infusion pump into slot of the

system


stop


Participant

4

31 times

(with

help)


up/down/left/right


the system


up/down/left/right


stop


15

Appendix C

Interview Questions

1. Which interface is prefered when programming?

2. Most prefered the Alaris, some said that the B. Braun system might be prefered after

getting better acquainted with it.

3. Which system was easier to learn during training?

4. Whoever was trained in both, thought the B. Braun system might be easier to learn but still

most nurses though the Alaris was easier.

5. Which system was easier to change and program in the two tasks?

6. Most prefered the Alaris system because of past experience with it, while the nurse that

was trained in both prefered the B. Braun system.

7. Any changes the users would want to add to the user interface of either system?

8. Most were happy with the interface although one suggested that the confirmation button

could be more visible to the users in both systems.

16

Appendix D

Nondisclosure and Recording Consent

Thank you for participating in our product research program. Please be aware

that information will be disclosed to you that Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan(KTH) does not

wish to be disclosed outside of the institute. Please do not reveal information that you

may learn while participating in the study.

In addition, we will be recording your session to allow Anxiao Chen, Klemen Lilija,

Shaun Mendonsa, Shivan Dana, and Sujith Kumar, research students from KTH

who will be present to observe your session and benefit from your feedback. Please read the

statements below and sign where indicated. Thank you.

I agree that I will disclose no information to any person, firm, or corporation

about the product research conducted by KTH, or about the specifications, drawings, models

or operations of any machine or devices encountered.

I understand that photographs and/or recordings will be made of my session. I

grant KTH permission to use these recordings for the purposes mentioned above, and waive

my right to review or inspect the recordings prior to their dissemination and distribution.

_________________________________________________

Signature Date

Appendix E

Conversation during interview

17

Nurse 1:

Interviewer: Which interphase would you prefer working with?

Nurse: Its difficult to answer as I have worked so long with the Alaris, I have no problems

with the interface, I feel they are equal.

Interviewer: The Information is the same?

Nurse: No they are not similar, but I find the data or information was...it was a very brief look

I had, really, on the Braun.

Interviewer: All the information required is displayed on the interface?

Nurse: Yes

Interviewer: If you could remember when you were trained on the Alaris system, which

system is easier to learn? As I understand you have worked on the Alaris system for a long

time.

Nurse: I have worked with infusion pumps for a long time, 30 years. I felt or feel like there is

more on the Braun, you have to press more buttons for example if I change the speed from 5

to 10, on the alaris i press change to 10 and i confirm the other one i have to stop press

change the volume so there is more.

18

Interviewer: so the optimal path is longer in the Braun system

Nurse: Yeah, you have to press more buttons.

Interviewer: Our second task was to change the values from 5ml to 10 ml, so in that way you

would the Alaris. In the systems, would there be anything you would prefer to be changed?

That is in the Alaris or the B. Braun?

Nurse: Thats a difficult question to answer, I mean to get you a good answer.

Interviewer: Well that is because you have to work with both system, but as you said earlier,

in the B. Braun you would prefer to press less buttons so in the systems, if they had any

additional button you would like to add or something along those lines?

Nurse: On the Alaris?

Interviewer: or the B. Braun

Nurse: I do not understand why its necessary , the sequence they have on the B. Braun system

where you have to stop and the change the values.

End of interview

Nurse 2:

19

Interviewer: The first question is very generic. Which interface would you prefer working

with? The B. Braun or the Alaris

Nurse: The purpose is that we are only going to use the Braun for food and the Alaris for

Nutrition. Probably I would prefer the alaris but that is because I have worked it for a longer

time, but maybe in a couple of months the Braun.

Interviewer: So you do think that you would be better acquainted with the other pump?

Nurse: Well I’ll be working with it a lot, for feeding purposes.

Interviewer: We can’t connect the Braun system with our computer and our system, while the

other one, everything comes on the computer. The Braun system has to be controlled

manually.

Interviewer: The Braun system does have a control panel but it is not intergrated with the

systens here yet.

If you could recollect when you went through training, which system do you feel is easier to

learn?

Nurse: Oh, it was so long ago with the Alaris, maybe, I have only worked with the Braun

once, that was yesterday, but maybe I would say the Braun one because everything is pretty

logical.

Interviewer: Is there anything you would prefer to change in the two designs?

20

Nurse: Nothing, I’m happy with both but I think the Alaris is pretty big and heavy.

Interviewer: Now for the optimal path, when controlling and changing the program, which

system was better?

Nurse: Braun, it goes much faster.

End of interview.

Nurse 3:

Interviewer: Which system had the most easy to use, natural menu?

Nurse: The new one, it feels more modern, even though I haven't used it before, I didn't feel

that it was difficult. Although the old one is not complicated either.

Interviewer: What is the best and worst thing about each system?

Nurse: The old one has disadvantage of not being as easy to change values, especially when

jumping from lets say 1 to 10, because you have to press and then wait until it goes all they

way up to 10. I am not sure how that is handled by the new system, but I guess and hope that

it is easier.

21

Interviewer: yeah exactly, the new one lets you jump between numbers and makes the whole

process quicker.

Nurse: Thats good, otherwise I don't feel there is a big difference between these two systems.

Interviewer: After using this new pump for a while and when you get used to it as much as

you are to the old one, do you believe that the new one would be better in any way from the

old pump?

Nurse: It depends on how quickly you can configure the name of the medicine in the pump, if

it is faster then I would prefer the new one. Otherwise I don't see any strong reasons to

change.

Interviewer: Does the new pump give you clear information about e.g. dosage, is it better or

worse than the old one?

Nurse: Yes I believe it shows the most vital information, and so does the old pump.

Interviewer: Is there anything you want to change, add or anything that you feel is missing in

any of these systems?

Nurse: The old one is a very good pump, with the exception of what was mentioned earlier

about changing the value. The new one I can't really say because I have no experience with it.

Interviewer: In the long run, if you have to choose of them?

22

Nurse: The new one can potentially be the better choice, but it is still hard to give a definitive

answer because the lack of experience.

Nurse 4:

Interviewer: The first question, before that, is this the first time you have used the B. Braun

system?

Nurse: No, its not the first time but I am a lot more familiar with the Alaris system.

Interviewer: Which system do you prefer?

Nurse: Of course I prefer Alaris system.

Interviewer: In both the systems, on the display, do they show the required information and

how easy it is to change between setups?

Nurse: No I don’t think they display all the information, the new pump that I was using, I am

used to reading of the pump and how to put the syringe but it doesn’t how to put the syringe

but, no, actually it does.

Interviewer: So you believe it could be a little more helpful while setting up the system

23

Nurse: No, it is good.

Interviewer: I don’t know how long you have been using the Alaris system but if you could

back and recollect, which system do you feel is easier to learn?

Nurse: I think the Alaris

Interviewer: Okay, is there anything in either of the systems which you would want to

improve?

Nurse: I think the, I don’t know what it is called in english, the …, where you put in the

milliliters and you want to say ‘yes’

Interviewer: Confirmation?

Nurse: Yes, i think that should be cleared, like in a different colour, green or something like

that, and it should be bigger so you can know that is confirmed.

Interviewer: For both systems?

Nurse: Yeah

Interviewer: I think both systems have it unicoloured.

24

Nurse: How easy was it to change the setup, in task 2, from 5ml to 15ml?

The Braun system was faster and it would be probable easier when I get used to it.

End of interview