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Knud Schulz March 2014
Library Transformation:
Sketching the future library
transitioning to a space for
citizens and community
connections Harvard University Library and
Graduate School of Design
March 2014 Knud Schulz
1
Knud Schulz
• Manager of the Main Library in Aarhus
• Daily work focus – transforming the Main Library to
“Urban Mediaspace” – Dokk1
• Librarian and Master of Public Management
• Mentor/Sponsor INELI (International Network of Emerging Library Innovators) Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
• Member of the client group Urban MediaSpace Aarhus
• Global Innovation Model – Faster to Change. Chicago/Aarhus/IDEO/Gates
• www.slideshare.net
Knud Schulz March 2014
apx.300.000 sq.ft.
incl. 190.000 sq.ft.
library space
2
Denmark population 5.5 mill.
5 regions
Aarhus Municipality
population 330.000 inh.
Knud Schulz
Citizens' and Library Services
Aarhus
Agenda
• The Change
• Danish strategy and tendencies
– Model for the knowledge society – 4 rooms
– Model Programme Public Libraries
– Model for Open Libraries
– Citizens’ service
– Danish Digital Library
• Dokk1
• The Library as a place
• Urban Media space
• The Library as a space
• Prototyping the future –
Transformation Lab
• New library space – Dokk1
• The Library as a relation
• Innovation with the users –
co-creation
• Partnership
• Transformation Lab II
Knud Schulz March 2014 4
From information that can be found anywhere
To What can only be experienced at the library
Space for media Space as a media
On-line On site
Information Meaning
Facts Credibility
Meeting information Meeting people
Knowing Experimenting
Visitors Resource person
Neutrality Sensing
Seriousness Sense of humour
Arranged events Things that happen
Ivar Moltke, Create
The Change
5 Knud Schulz March 2014
The Knowledge Society
• From – libraries for books/medias
– industial society
• to – libraries for man/human
– networked/knowledge society
Knud Schulz March 2014 6
A Danish Report
2010
- A Danish Report
2010
• Danish Digital Library
• A new library model for
the knowledge society
• Partnerships
7 Knud Schulz March 2014
The Public Library of the Knowledge Society
D.Skot-Hansen C.H. Rasmussen H. Jochumsen
Innovation
Reckognition/Experience
Empowerment
Involvement/Engagement Knud Schulz March 2014 8
The Public Library of the Knowledge Society
D.Skot-Hansen C.H. Rasmussen H. Jochumsen
Innovation
Reckognition/Experience
Knud Schulz March 2014 9
Inspiration space
• The space for meaningful experiences that is to say experiences that move us
• The space should open up to the irrational, emotional and chaotic by communicating a diversion of aesthetic experiences.
• This can happen through storytelling or other artistic expressions within all kinds of media, cultural forms and genres.
• The inspiration space should make the user want to move beyond the usual choices and to come back.
• The library space in itself may also be an experience and work as a stage for events and cultural arrangements.
• The inspiration space especially supports realisation (cognition)/experience and innovation.
Knud Schulz March 2014 10
Knud Schulz March 2014 11
Digital media
Appearance Events
Individual concentration
Iscenesættelse
12 Knud Schulz March 2014
Oplæsning
Billedbøger
Bogklubber Book clubs
Picture book
Reading aloud
Staging
Knud Schulz March 2014
Music Inspiration
13
The Public Library of the Knowledge Society
D.Skot-Hansen C.H. Rasmussen H. Jochumsen
Reckognition/Experience
Empowerment
Knud Schulz March 2014 14
Learning space
• Space where children, young people and adults can experience and explore the world and thus strengthen their competences and possibilities through free and easy access to information and knowledge
• Learning is seen as a dialogue oriented process that is based on the users’ own experiences and their wishes to define their own learning needs
• Often takes place in informal settings which do not have learning as the goal – learning happens through play, music and many other activities
• Should meet the needs of especially young people for a more experience oriented learning through the development of playful, interactive and social learning methods.
• Learning is strengthened through the use of homework cafes, study places, open courses and experiment areas.
• The learning space especially supports realisation (cognition)/experience and empowerment.
Knud Schulz March 2014 15
Knud Schulz March 2014 16
Undervisning
Kurser Uformel læring Konsulta
Teaching Courses
Informal learning Consultations
Knud Schulz March 2014 17
Lektiecafé’er
Vejlednin
One to one
Homework cafe
Guidance
Training Access to knowledge
The Public Library of the Knowledge Society
D.Skot-Hansen C.H. Rasmussen H. Jochumsen
Empowerment
Involvement/Engagement Knud Schulz March 2014 18
Meeting space
• An open, public space where citizens as a third space between home and work can meet others who are both as themselves and different from themselves
• Arenaes, where you can meet other people with different interests and values and encounter opinions that challenge you through discussions and debate, are necessary
• In the meeting space both non-committal, random encounters can take place through lounge décor with newspapers and café atmosphere as well as more organised meetings
• This can take place both live and on the Internet in chatgroups, blogs or other social media.
• The meeting space especially supports empowerment and engagement
Knud Schulz March 2014 19
Knud Schulz March 2014 20
Møder Diskussioner Foredra
g Debatter Samvær
Meetings
Lectures
Discussions
Debates Being together
The Public Library of the Knowledge Society
D.Skot-Hansen C.H. Rasmussen H. Jochumsen
Innovation
Involvement/Engagement Knud Schulz March 2014 21
Performative space
• Users can interact with others for inspiration to create new creative expressions in the encounter with art and culture
• Users can get access to tools that support their creative expressions through interactive games and writing-, sound- and video-workshops
• The users can also get support in their creative expressions through workshops with professional artists, designers, multimedia developers etc.
• Can act as a platform for communication by publishing and distributing the work and products of the users and by giving access to stages where users can perform and express themselves.
• The performative space especially supports engagement and innovation.
Knud Schulz March 2014 22
Knud Schulz March 2014 23
Skriveværksteder Experiment
Leg og læring
Workshops
Writing workshops Edutainment
Knud Schulz March 2014 24
Leg Spil
Gaming Game over
Playing Gaming
Makerspace
Knud Schulz March 2014 25
Knud Schulz March 2014 26
Open libraries
Users are allowed to:
• lock into the library
• check in and out media
• use internet, pc,
copy/print
• study
• read newspapers
• arrange study circles,
public meetings
Knud Schulz March 2014 27
Users are taking the control
Knud Schulz March 2014 28
Integration of citizens’ service into
libraries
• a big chance to be an
integrated part of the
reinventing of society
services
• brings citizens in
contact with the library
• brings libraries in close
contact with politicians
and innovators in the
community
Two tasks
• focus on speed in
developing new digital
services for public
administration
• a big learning and
marketing challenge
Knud Schulz March 2014 29
Citizens’ service
• in more than 60 % of the municipalities
offer citizens service through libraries
– passport
– driving licence
– health securitycard
Knud Schulz March 2014 30
Developing community centers
private, civic and public sector
Knud Schulz March 2014 31
LOCAL ARCHIVE
ARKIV Archive
YOUTH
MEETING
ROOMS
ANALOGUE MEDIA
SELF SERVICE
LEARNING CENTER
SMS BUSINESS
SERVICE
HOME-
WORK
HELP
COMMUNITY
CENTER
CAFÉ
STUDY SUPPORT JOB CORNER
LIBRARY SHOP
REFERENCE
CONSUMER INFO
NATURE GUIDE
EX
HIB
ITIO
NS
FAMILIES
Q AND A
HEALTH
COUNCELLING
LEISURE INFO
NEWS LOUNGE
QUIET
AREA
TO
DD
LE
RS
/C
HILD
RE
N
REA-
DING
TRAI-
NING
Adaptive and innovative supporting
spaces • libraries are changing from storing
books to supporting citizens’ needs
• innovation spaces for local communities
Knud Schulz March 2014 32
DANISH DIGITAL LIBRARY
33 Knud Schulz March 2014
The Danish Digital Library - a national cooperation based on open source
• Infrastructure for digital objects
– Integration of services
– ERMS (Electronic Resource Management System)
– CULR (Core User Library Registry)
– SAOU (Service for Authentication of Objects and Users)
• Purchase of digital content
• Promotion of digital content
• CMS
Knud Schulz March 2014 34
In addition shared Library
System
• 86 municipalities contributed to a shared
contract for a new library system based
Open Source (DK consists of 98 muni)
• The system use the infrastructure and
content in DDB
• Shared operations and development
Knud Schulz March 2014 35
Knud Schulz March 2014
The strategy for changing
• The need for rethinking the
library
• The need for a fusion
between physical – virtual
• Develop partnerships
• Focus on innovation
• Get new skills into the library
and promote learning in the
organization
• Force users to dismiss the
book as library brand 36
Libraries and urban development
Model of the public library in urban
development
Casper Hvenegaard
Henrik Jochumsen
Dorte Skot-Hansen IVA – Royal School of Library
and Information Science 37 Knud Schulz March 2014
New Libraries
• Libraries are signs or symbols on
development and innovation in the society
• Drivers in city development
• Add new stories about the towns
• Arguments for large city engagements
Knud Schulz March 2014 38
Oslo
• Opera, new Munch museum and the Library
creates a new waterfront and brings a new
identity to the city
Knud Schulz March 2014 39
Helsinki
• The traffic and cultural life in midtown are
reborn by creating a new art museum,
concert hall and the new library
Knud Schulz March 2014 40
Birmingham
• The library is located on
the main street where
millions of people are
passing every year
• The library is a symbol
of the new identity of an
old industrial and
innovative city (the
steam engine)
Knud Schulz March 2014 41
Knud Schulz March 2014
42
Urban Mediaspace - Aarhus
Mediaspace:
• Main Library and Citizens’ Services: 18.000 m2/190.000 ft2
• Partners and network: 10.000 m2 /100.000 ft2
Automatic parking space: 1000 cars
Two new urban harbour squares: 94.000 m2 /1.120.000 ft2
Arrival centre for light rail
Uncovering of the river and secure the inner city against flood
Traffic regulation
App.: 390 mill US Dollars
Project elements
– Urban Mediaspace
43 Knud Schulz March 2014
2015
2014
Client: City of Aarhus
Partner: Realdania, Realdania Byg
Client Advisor: Rambøll DK
Architects: schmidt hammer lassen architects
Co-advisers: Arkitekt Kristine Jensens Tegnestue
and Alectia A/S
Knud Schulz March 2014 44
45 Knud Schulz March 2014
46 Knud Schulz March 2014
Knud Schulz March 2014 47
Libraries and urban development
Model of the public library in urban
development
Casper Hvenegaard
Henrik Jochumsen
Dorte Skot-Hansen IVA – Royal School of Library
and Information Science 48 Knud Schulz March 2014
Knud Schulz March 2014 49
Knud Schulz March 2014
Transformation Lab
• The entrance – the former place for controlling the users
• 2-300 m2
• New projects every 5-6 month
• Bringing the traditional work fields of the library into the LAB
• Developing new support of the users – depending on the room, the media, the connectivity and the competencies 50
Knud Schulz March 2014
LiteratureLAB
51
Knud Schulz March 2014
iFloor – interactivity between people
• Social interactivity in the library space
• User to user to staff
• Interactivity depends on the body
• communication through – Mobile
– SMS
– PC
• Informal - Competition
• Funny
52
Knud Schulz March 2014
NewsLAB
53
Knud Schulz March 2014
Robots
• Eye catcher
• Social interactivity
• Communication inside
and outside the library
• Interactivity
• Learning
communication
54
Knud Schulz March 2014 55
Knud Schulz March 2014
Teknomorfose - ExhibitionLAB
56
Knud Schulz March 2014
The Square
57
Knud Schulz March 2014 58
Knud Schulz March 2014
FictionLAB
NewsLAB
MusicLAB
ExhibitionLAB
DemocracyLAB
The Square 59
Knud Schulz March 2014
The library as a space
– in the future?
• The building supports the needs
of the users
• The building interacts with the
surroundings and environment
• The building acts adaptively
60
The Vision • Space for co-operation
• Place for dialogue,
knowledge, ideas and
inspiration
• Open informal learning
space
• A unique place for
children and families
61 Knud Schulz March 2014
Knud Schulz March 2014 62
Libraries and urban development
Model of the public library in urban
development
Casper Hvenegaard
Henrik Jochumsen
Dorte Skot-Hansen IVA – Royal School of Library
and Information Science 63 Knud Schulz March 2014
Facilitating relations
Knud Schulz March 2014 64
Knud Schulz March 2014
Userdriven process
• From tradition to transcendence – the
users deconstruct ”old knowledge” to
create new sense
65
Knud Schulz March 2014
User driven
innovation
66
Knud Schulz March 2014
Subject Browsing - Story Surfer
67
Knud Schulz March 2014
Interaction at the Table
68
Modern library practice and
strategies – means that roles
constantly change
Knud Schulz March 2014 70
Innovation Strategy
• Citizens are the focal point
• Partnerships promote innovation
• Transverse collaboration yields better results
• Ideas must be tested
• Replicate
• Innovation is branding too
• Idea development and innovation are creative processes
• Innovation requires prioritised resources
• Innovation requires management focus and commitment
• Methodical innovation uses standards
• Seven circles of innovation Knud Schulz March 2014 71
Global innovation model –
faster to change
• Partnership between
– Global Libraries/Bill and Melinda Gates
Foundation
– Chicago Public Libraries
– IDEO
– Aarhus Public Libraries
Knud Schulz March 2014 72
Global Innovation Model:
Faster to Change Chicago/Aarhus/ IDEO 73 Knud Schulz March 2014
Design Thinking is a mindset, and an
intentional process around delivering
solutions that create positive impact!
74 Knud Schulz March 2014
75 Knud Schulz March 2014
The Aarhus illustration
Vision
Field Trip Vision revisited
Workshop
Define the problem
Test first prototype
A new method…
We are on our way… 76 Knud Schulz March 2014
Intelligent Libraries
How to work smart, efficient, and ad value to
products by creating improved logistics and
library services
On the project: Intelligent Material Management System
Information contact
Britta Bitsch, CEO Branch Libraries Aarhus Denmark
Introduction
• Intelligent Material Management System (IMMS)
• Creating a platform for better library services – Where are the books and other library materials?
– Where are they most needed? –in branch or among branches
– Are there enough books or other library materials on the shelves?
– Where can loans of materials and returned library materials be handled most efficiently?
78 Knud Schulz March 2014
Facts from current business
There’s room for
improvement!
• 30 % of the staff in Copenhagen is utilized with logistics in regard to material handling
• 25 % of all customer inquiries at service desk are subject to failure.
• An unresolved inquiry may
last up to 15 minutes
• Up to 43 % materials are not in its right places in the library
why
79 Knud Schulz March 2014
Learn from others!
80 Knud Schulz March 2014
Collection management
THERE’S A HUGE
POTENTIAL IN
LEARNING FROM
OTHERS – AND
GAIN PROVED BY
COMMERCIAL
INDUSTRIES
• Libraries can save up
to 15-40 % by
improving their stock
management
operations like
storage, handling and
transportation.
• 25 % less stock
81 Knud Schulz March 2014
The solution • Detailed data collection of library operations-
allowing historical analysis of trends
• Intelligent distribution of shared or floating collections – medias are distributed to a location/branch where there’s a demand and/or space available!
• Central and locally managed data to make informed decisions about collection
• Real time visibility to collection via smart phone application- including on-line pick lists on smart phone
• Introducing Media Hotels - local or remote storage of overflow, slow moving or off season materials
• Automatic refill from the Media Hotel when shelves are low on medias
• Exact information on the current location of any book or other library materials
82 Knud Schulz March 2014
Benefits and added
values • Intelligent distribution of collections to branches, based on volume,
copies, affiliation, etc.
• Share collections (entirely or partly) between branches as desired
• Exact degree of filling on shelves as desired
• Transparent overview of entire collections through all branches
• Exact position on each individual copy, including copy trace log
• Easy registration via RFID tags / Barcode (individual copies, shelves,
racks, stacks, cards, transporters, etc).
• Improved customer satisfaction
• Improved space utilization
• Reduced collection (less copies)
• No or less paper based Librarian processes (Mobile phone RFID) 83 Knud Schulz March 2014
Why partnerships?
Lack of resources and competences in libraries Knowledge, inspiration from others
Need of diversity, quality, research in service production
Communication and marketing New ambassadors
Knud Schulz March 2014 84
Mapping the
network
Partnership
clusters
Knud Schulz March 2014
Examples Strategic Partnerships
85
Knud Schulz March 2014 86
Seven Core Values
• The Citizen as Key Factor
• Lifelong Learning and Unity
• Diversity, co-operation and network
• Culture and Experience
• Bridging Citizen, Technology and Knowledge
• Flexible and Professional Organisation
• A Sustainable Icon for Aarhus
87 Knud Schulz March 2014
Name competion = relations and
ownership
• Open internet process – propose a name
to the building
• result 1250 proposals
• 30 names in open voting
• 7 proposals ended up in the jury with
representives from the parties in the City
Council
Knud Schulz March 2014 88
Knud Schulz March 2014 89
A name with a lot of
co-creators
Knud Schulz March 2014 90
Branding goal
• Project finish at least 90% of all
inhabitants knew about the project
• Autum 2013 – 75 % knew about the
project UMS/Dokk1
Knud Schulz March 2014 91
Whats next?
Knud Schulz March 2014 92
From Main Library to Dokk1
2012-2015
Organizing
Interior design and furniture
Partnerships and branding/
identity
Logistic, security and building maintenance
Competencies, Work concept,
recruiting
Serviceconcepts ex. Families/
children
93 Knud Schulz March 2014
Transformation Lab II
Knud Schulz March 2014 94
Stageing Dokk1 –
mental construction
• Create an illusion of the building under construction
• Walk in the 3D model
• Setting the stage for tests, user operated services,
innovations, new designs, incl. elements to be used in
the new building
• Involve the users in the work
• Prepare the citizens
• Prepare the staff
• Brand the new library
Knud Schulz March 2014 95
Stageing Dokk1
Mayor + Alderman x 2
Knud Schulz March 2014 96
Knud Schulz March 2014 97
Summing up
• Merge technology, space and
competencies
• Involve the users in the innovation
• Make partnerships competencies and a
broader ownership of the library
• Tell new stories about the library brand
Knud Schulz March 2014 98
Knud Schulz March 2014 99
Chicago 2014
Transform the library or die
Thank you for listening
Knud Schulz March 2014
100
Knud Schulz March 2014 101