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Why do I need to know this stuff?
• Lessons from
history
• Insight into well
tested processes
• Inspiration
• Physical and
virtual gap is
closing
Photo credit: www.vads.ahds.ac.uk
A Brief History• A history of people, not things (mostly)
• An arbitrary selection of practioners
• No contemporary designers
Photo credit: James Vaughan
William Morris (1834 –1896)
• Independently wealthy,
romantic and idealistic.
Studied architecture,
designed furniture. Best
know for his textile
patterns.
• Socialist political agitator.
Believed that mass
production and the
industrial revolution were
the reason for the problems
in Victorian England.
“Have nothing in your house that you do not know to be
useful, or believe to be beautiful”
Photo credit: Rob Pongsajapan
Norman Bel-Geddes (1893 - 1958)
• 1939 New York Worlds Fair -
General Motors Pavilion “Futurama”
• “Horizons” (1932)
- depression and positivism
• Introduced streamlining &
Art Deco style
Photo credits: Michael John Gorman
Henry Dreyfuss (1904 –1972)
• “Designing for People” & “The Measure
of Man”
• Phones! Model 302, Model 500,
Princess Phone
• Streamlined trains (20th Century Ltd.)
• 5 point formula for good design:
• Utility and safety
• Maintenance
• Cost
• Sales appeal
• Appearance
Photo credit: http://www.peterme.com
Photo credit: the-artists.org
George Nelson (1908-1986)
• A designer “must first make a radical and conscious
break with all the values he considers inhuman.”
• Designers must be conscious of the effects their work
has on humans and society.
• Design is “nothing more or less than a process of
relating everything to everything.”
Photo credit: Narisa Spauldingwork Photo credit Photo credit: J. Rex Brown
(Oklahoma Modern)
VICTOR PAPANEK (1927-1999)
• “Design for the Real World: Human Ecology
and Social Change” & “The Green Imperative:
Natural Design for the Real World”
• Anthropology and human needs as
foundation for design
• “Design is the conscious
and intuitive effort to impose
meaningful order”
• Form follows function,
but…that is no excuse for
austerity
• Advocated appropriate,
sustainable design that is
ethically grounded
Photo credit: http://bikesandbeers.blogspot.com/
2007/06/papaneks-3rd-werld-bike-cart.html
DIETER RAMS (1932-)
• Braun designer for 30+ years
• Good design…… is innovative
… makes a product useful
… is aesthetic
… helps us to understand a product
… is unobtrusive
… is honest
… is long-lasting
… is intentional and thorough to the
last detail
… is environmentally friendly
… is as little design as possible
Photo credit: Jonas Forth
Photo credit: Ged Carroll
Others• Walter Gropius (Founder of Bauhaus)
• Raymond Loewy (Streamlining, founder of Society of
Industrial Designers)
• Charles and Ray Eames (Hermann Miller furniture)
• Walter Dorwin Teague (Kodak cameras, Boeing
interiors, “Design this Day”)
• Buckminster Fuller (Dymaxion car, pre-fab house,
geodesic domes)
• Sociologists, Anthropologists, Economists,
Educators, Architects …
Standard Practice • Stage 1: Concept or schematic phase
• Stage 2: Problem-solving phase
• Stage 3: Finalizing and implementation phase