LICH Landscape Hawaii Magazine - October/November 2012 Issue

Landscape Industry Council of Hawai’iP. O. Box 22938 Honolulu HI 96823-2938

PRESORTEDSTANDARD

U.S. POSTAGE PAIDHONOLULU, HI

PERMIT NO. 1023

L I C H C O N F E R E N C E O C T . 2 5 T H

OCTOBER | NOVEMBER 2012

$5.00T h E V O i C E O f h A W A i i ’ S G R E E N i N D U S T R Y

TAKING THE TEST64 candidates participated in the Oahu Landscape Certification Exam

LOULU: THE HAWAIIAN PALM

LICH CONFERENCE

At the Blaisdell Exhibition Hall on October 25th

New book by palm expert Don Hodel

803 Mapunapuna Street, Honolulu, HI 96819-2086

TEL (808) 833-4567 FAX (808) 833-9346 hiscosales.com

The proven leader in smart water management.

Public Works, Irrigation and Landscape Supplies

Hisco is the only authorized irrigation distributor of both Hunter and Rain Bird on

the islands, as well as your distributor for WeatherTRAK controllers and Atlantic

water gardens for pond products. Your one-stop shopping solution with our

complete line of Best fertilizer, Echo & Shindaiwa power equipment, landscape

lighting by FX Lighting, Vista Lighting and Auroralight. Our extensive inventory is

available to supply large or small projects. We deliver with same day delivery on

Oahu or shipping to the outer islands. Contact our friendly staff today!

INDUSTRYL I C H G R E E N

ConferenCe and Trade Show > BlaiSdell exhiBiTion hallThurSday, oCToBer 25, 2012 > 7:00aM – 5:30PM

Presented by the Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii & Associate Member Organizations

Mark your calendar for Thursday, October 25, 2012 for a one-day conference and trade show packed with five concurrent breakout presentations offering a wide variety of speakers and topics to choose from. Register today!

u FREE TRADE SHOW – Stop by the trade show from 10:00AM to 5:30PM and check out the latest machines, tools and products to improve your landscape.

u PRIZES – Enter for a chance to win fabulous door prizes including the Grand Prize, two-nights at the Moana Surfrider Hotel, plus $100 dining credit in Waikiki - $1,100 value! Compliments of Kyo-ya Hotels & Resorts

u EARN VALUABLE CONTINUINg EDUCATION UNITS (CEU) FOR: ▪ PLANET Certified Landscape Technicians ▪ HDOA Pest Applicators ▪ ISA Certified Arborists ▪ Golf Course Superintendents

REgISTRATION, MEMBERSHIP AND FEES: ▪ On-line www.lich2012.eventbrite.com ▪ Or complete attached registration

For information contact Madeleine Shaw at (808) 946-7055 or visit the LICH website at www.landscapehawaii.org.

u CONFERENCE SPONSORS

SGGOLD SILVER

w w w . l i c h 2 0 1 2 . e v e n t b r i t e . c o m

PLENARY SPEAKER (8:15 – 9:00am)

LANDSCAPINg WITH NATIVES IN HAWAI‘I: THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURESpeaker: KāWIKA WINTER DIRECTOR, LIMAHuLI GARDEN AND PRESERVE

Kāwika Winter joined the NTBG in 2005 as the Director of Limahuli Garden and Preserve. Kalo and other plants that were significant to the early inhabitants, as well as na-tive species, make up the Garden's collections. Behind the Garden is the Limahuli Preserve where conserva-tionists and restoration biologists are

working to preserve species native to this habitat. Born and raised in the ahupua‘a of Wai‘alae, Kona, O‘ahu, Kāwika grew up in the islands with the mountains and the ocean as his playground. He went to the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa (UHM) where he received a B.A. and an M.S. in botany. He is currently working on the completion of his Ph.D. from UHM which focuses on the reciprocal influences that cultures and plants have on each other’s evolutionary trajectories

Presentation: Limahuli Garden and Preserve is a 1,000 acre valley in northwest Kaua‘i that is home to more than 250 native plants, about 50 of which are on the verge of extinction. Limahuli is known for its habitat protection of pristine, montane cloud-forest; cutting edge restoration projects in highly-degraded lowland forest; and a botanical garden in the mouth of the valley that played a key role in the genesis of the native-plant movement in Hawai‘i. We will explore the successes we have had in connecting conservation, education, cultural perpetuation, and landscaping.

SESSION 1 (9:05 – 10:00am)

SOMETHINg OLD, SOMETHINg NEW (9:05-9:30am)Speakers: RICHARD CRILEy AND ALbERTO RICORDI

Richard Criley is Emeritus Professor in Horticulture and Albert Ricordi is a Doctorate student in Architecture, M.S. in Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences. Ricordi has been evaluat-ing some alternative species, both native and introduced, for landscape purposes.

Presentation: The mainland nursery trade is constant-ly coming out with new cultivars of landscape plants, while there are many tried and true varieties that are not in use because landscape designers have difficulty finding them. Dr. Criley would present some of the new introductions while Mr. Ricordi will report on his re-search with alternative species, both native and exotic.

ALTERNATIVE TREES PROjECT (9:30 – 10:00am)Speakers: JOHN MONTOyA, RICHARD CRILEy, ALbERTO RICORDI

John Montoya is a TPSS M.S. PhD student, Richard Criley, Emeritus Professor in Horticulture, and Alberto Ricordi, Doctorate student in Architecture.

Presentation: The overuse of a limited palette of trees in Hawaii landscapes led to the development of a research project in the Dept. of Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences to explore some trees of good potential but which have been less-used in residential, street and ho-tel plantings, and parks. The presentation will describe some of these trees, their advantages and disadvan-tages, and direct interested landscapers to a website that has been prepared to provide more information.

Part 1: NATURAL ENEMIES OF INSECT PLANT PESTSPart 2: NEW AND COMMON INSECTS OF LANDSCAPE PLANTS IN HAWAIISpeaker: WALTER NAGAMINE

Walter Nagamine is with the Hawaii Department of Agri-culture, Biological Control Section.

Presentation: Part 1: Natural enemies are respon-sible for control of many insect plant pests in Hawaii and are easily overlooked because of their small size and inconspicuous nature. being able to recognize parasitoids and predators will help you conserve natural enemies and make better decisions about insecticide use. Parasitoids are mostly wasps, while predators typically include ladybugs, green lace-wings, and hover flies. Parasitoids attacking pests such as whiteflies, aphids, psyllids, mealybugs and scale insects will leave evidence of their parasitic ac-tivity. For example, after the female wasp lays its egg in the body of the host insect, the wasp larva feeds and develops into an adult, which then emerges by chewing a distinctive circular exit hole. Another clue to the presence of parasitoids is the "mummification"

CoNfERENCE aND TRaDE SHowLICH GREEN INDUSTRY


FEATURED SPEAKERS

of the host insect. Aphids, psyllids, and mealybugs that are parasitized will mummify, becoming bloated and turning to a brown color before the adult wasp emerges. Predators, on the other hand, usually don't leave clues to their presence because they either eat their entire host or suck the body contents and leave only shriveled remains. Recognizing the different life stages of general predators can be learned through observation of pest infestations to determine who is eating the pest. For example, the immature and adult stage of a ladybug are both predaceous, whereas a green lacewing is predaceous in its larval stage only. Natural enemies attacking the spiraling whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus) is a good example of effective control by both parasitoid and predator. The combined effort of a parasitic wasp (Aleurocto-nus vittatus) and three predaceous ladybug species (Nephaspis bicolor, Nephaspis indus, and Delphastus catalinae) help to keep this whitefly under control.

Part 2: New insects to Hawaii sometimes become a problem when they arrive here to an abundance of host plants and without any natural enemies. Some recent invasive species and other insects commonly seen in the landscape will be discussed.

EDIBLE LANDSCAPINg AND DECADANCESpeaker: bRIAN LIEVENS

Brian Lievans has a degree in Nursery-Landscape Tech from Southern California. He moved to Hawaii 25 years ago to work with tropical plants.

Presentation: Foodscapings utility is its greatest liability to mass marketing and cultural change. Sociological barriers represent the major obstacle to food production in the suburban environment.

SAFETY ENFORCEMENT UNDER THE NEW OSHA AND HIOSH OPERATIONAL AgREEMENTSpeakers: RAJ SuNDRAM AND GALEN LEMKE

Raj Sundram is an OSHA Compliance Officer for U.S. Department of Labor with over 10 years experience and an OSHA trainer for the maritime industry. He is also an Ad-junct professor for Graduate Level Course at Hawaii Pacific University for Global Energy Sustainability and a Health and Safety trainer in Mandarin Chinese. Galen Lemke is the Director for the Honolulu Area Federal OSHA Office and is an industrial hygienist with over 18 years of experience working for the Federal Occupational Safety and Health

Administration. Currently, Mr. Lemke along with 5 staff members, oversee industries in the Hawaiian Islands, Guam, CNMI and American Samoa.

Presentation: be informed on how this may impact your business operations! Prepare your workplace for an inspection! Improve your level of employee safety! Presentation will include new jurisdiction background, top violations, standard application, how to develop a strong safety and health culture, inspection process and OSHA web-site navigation.

SESSION 2 (10:30 – 11:30am)

UNDERSTANDINg AND MANAgINg SOILS FOR A HEALTHY LANDSCAPESpeaker: JONATHAN DEENIK

Jonathan Deenik is an Associate Specialist, Soil Fertility at the Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences.

Presentation: Overview of basic soil fertility concepts including cation exchange capacity, the adverse effects of soil acidity, liming, nitrogen and soil organic matter, and soil water. There will be a section on soil diversity in Hawaii and how this diversity affects soil behavior.

NEWER, SAFER INSECTICIDES FOR USE IN THE LANDSCAPESpeaker: ARNOLD HARA

Arnold Hara is an entomologist and extension specialist in the Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences stationed at UH-CTAHR, Komohana Research and Extension Center in Hilo, Hawaii. He completed his Ph.D. in Entomolo-gy from the University of California-Davis in 1982 and has been stationed in Hilo, Hawaii with research and extension duties in pest management of floricultural crops and landscapes.

Presentation: Dr. Hara will discuss major pests in the Hawaiian landscape, including whiteflies, scale insects, mealybugs, thrips and monkeypod caterpil-lars Effective insecticides and application methods to manage these pests with minimal negative impact on beneficial insects and non-target organisms will be also be presented.

A NEW WEBSITE TO HELP EVERYONE PLANT PONO (10:30-11:00am)Speaker: CHRISTy MARTIN



Christy Martin is the Public Information Officer for the Coordinating Group on Alien Pest Species. She has worked with the Green Industry since 2002 to promote the use of non-invasive plants and the use of the Hawaii-Pacific Weed Risk Assessment.

Presentation: This presentation will walk partici-pants through the new plantpono.org website. The website features risk assessments for more than 1300 plants, a forum for asking questions about in-vasive plants, and planting guidelines for some pono plant choices.

2012 OAHU URBAN TREE CANOPY ASSESSMENT (11:00-11:30am)Speakers: TERESA TRuMAN-MADRIAGA AND WAI LEE

Teresa Truman-Madriaga is the Smart Trees Pacific Ex-ecutive Director, and Wai Lee is Project Manager - she has spent more than 25 years in Software Application develop-ment projects and was the technical project coordinator.

Presentation: In 2012, more than 250 sq. miles of Southern Oahu urban canopy were assessed; Smart Trees Pacific has made this information available to the public. by combining various City and State GIS maps, the study offers many insights into our urban forest.

SESSION 3 (1:00 – 2:00pm)

REDUCE, REUSE, RECHARgE, REgENERATE: DESIgNINg ECOLOgICAL LANDSCAPES FOR WATER RESOURCE MANAgEMENTSpeaker: LAuREN CARTER-ROTH VENu

Lauren Carter-Roth Venu is the Founder and President of Roth Ecological Design Int'l, LLC (REDI). She is a leader in integrated systems planning and ecological design. Lauren and her REDI team provide consulting, project management, design/build and operational services for natural systems technologies for onsite wastewater treatment and Low Im-pact Development (LID) as well as for sustainable water and nutrient resource management.

Presentation: Green Infrastructure has been an emerging method towards the goal of sustain-able water resource management. As part of this framework, ecological landscapes are essential as they emulate ecological services to perform in-frastructure needs for a development. Examples

include regenerative design methods that mimic ecological systems in nature to clean and recharge water such as constructed wetlands for onsite wastewater treatment and reuse and Low Impact Development best Management Practices to re-duce potable water use and recharge storm-water. When combined a facilities' landscape elevates to one that is ecologically appropriate and restorative.

PESTICIDE BASICSSpeaker: DAISuKE INOyAMA

Daisuke Inoyama is currently working for the Hawaii De-partment of Agriculture, Pesticides Branch, Education/Cer-tification Section. He holds a bachelor's degree in Biology from Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri.

Presentation: This is a basic review course for all pesticide users. Topics covered include understand-ing pesticide labels, safe and proper handling/stor-age of pesticides.

IPM FOR FRUIT TREES IN HOME gARDENSSpeaker: JAyME GRzEbIK

Jayme Grzebik is Assistant Extension Agent in Urban Hor-ticulture with the UH College of Agriculture and Human Resources. His office is located at the UH Urban Garden Center in Pearl City, where he coordinates educational outreach programs for the public through the UH Master Gardener training program on Oahu as well as in a State-wide capacity.

Presentation: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is such an integral part of a backyard garden. This presentation will feature information on fruit trees localized to our islands, pest management options for local fruit trees and the common misconceptions that are good to be knowledgeable about.

ENgINEERINg BETTER TURFgRASS ONE BLADE AT A TIME: TIFgRAND® BERMUDA, ZEON AND jAMUR ZOYSIA FOR HAWAII’S LANDSCAPESpeaker: bILL CARRAWAy

Bill Carraway is Vice President of Marketing for The Turf-grass Group, Inc. He has over 35 years experience in the ‘Green Industry’. Founded Gwinnett Environmental Services while attending UGA, began turfgrass career in 1988 with Southern Turf Nurseries, helped start Select Golf & Turf in 1995 and came to The Turfgrass Group in 2004.



Presentation: An overview of the breeding, selec-tion process and certification of turf grasses. Excit-ing new innovations of zoysiagrass, zeon, JaMur, L1F, TifGrand Certified bermuda, and uGA. In depth discussion on the development of TifGrand, value addeds and recent advances.

SESSION 4 (2:05 – 3:00pm)

NEW LANDSCAPE PALMS FOR OAHUSpeaker: GARRETT WEbb

Garrett Webb has been growing palms in Kona since 1987 as Kalaoa Gardens Nursery. A past President of LICH, Webb is also a Consulting Arborist specializing in Palms and tree disorders.

Presentation: There are approximately 20 species of palms used commercially on Oahu; nurseries are growing what the architects are specifying and the architects are specifying what the nurseries are growing. This presentation will explore viable new species of palms for commercial use and how these new palms might be added to the Oahu palm palette.

ESTABLISHMENT PROTOCOLS FOR PILI gRASS ON ROADSIDE AREASSpeaker: DR. JOE DEFRANK

Dr. DeFrank has been a Weed Science researcher at UH Manoa for 29 years. His work includes weed control studies in turf, ornamentals and native Hawaiian plants used as roadside ground covers.

Presentation: Pili grass is a drought tolerant na-tive Hawaiian grass that has potential as a roadside ground cover. Establishment from seed is possible with proper site preparation and a 3-step procedure to enhance on-site seed production and spread.

EDIBLE LANDSCAPES & URBAN FARMINgSpeaker: FRED LAu

Fred Lau is owner of Hawaiian Landscape, Makakilo Nurs-ery and Maris Gardens

Presentation: Discussion of the significance of ur-ban farming and sustainability in landscape design

LED LANDSCAPE LIgHTINg WORKSHOPSpeaker: STAN SHIbATA

Stan Shibata is the Founder, President and Director of Sales of Focus Industries for over 22 years.

Presentation: Advancement of LED technology for use in exterior and landscape lighting. Features and benefits of using LED in landscape and hardscape applications.

SESSION 5 (3:05 – 4:00am)

HONEY BEES IN HAWAII – HISTORY, HYPE AND HEALTHSpeaker: JACquELINE RObSON

Jacqueline Robson has a BSc in Agricultural Studies, MS Entomology, 6 years working with agricultural and natural resource management in Hawaii. She's currently Apiary Plan-ner with the Hawaii Apiary Program

Presentation: Honey bees were brought to Hawaii to provide essential pollination services, which they still perform today. The history of honey bees in Hawaii, their role in the local environment and some tips for keeping both bees and landscape professionals safe and healthy will be discussed

gRASSY WEED MANAgEMENT IN RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL FINE TURFSpeaker: REy ITO

Rey Ito is the Owner of The Green Doctor of Hawaii

Presentation: An integrated program for manage-ment of turf sites consisting of mixed grassy weeds and desirable turf. Optimal utilization of the newer herbicides for suppression and eventual removal of grassy weeds.

WATER FEATURES FOR RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPESSpeaker: KEVIN MuLKERN

A landscape contractor since 1977, Kevin Mulkern is past president of the Hawaii Landscape & Irrigation Contrac-tor’s Assoc. and the Professional Grounds Management Society – Hawaii Branch. His firm specializes in residential design/build projects that include landscape restoration and water features.

Presentation: Installing water features using 45 ml EPDM liners and restoring older cement style ponds. The importance of aquatic plants for pond filtration.



7:00 – 8:00 AM REgISTRATION8:00 – 8:10 WELCOME by LICH President, Chris Dacus

8:15 – 9:00am PLENARY SPEAKER LANDSCAPINg WITH NATIVES IN HAWAI‘I: THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURESPEAKER: Kāwika Winter, Director, Limahuli Garden And Preserve

SESSION 1 9:05 – 10:00am

ARbORIST SOMETHINg OLD, SOMETHINg NEW (9:05-9:30am)Room 1 by Richard Criley, Emeritus Professor in Horticulture and Alberto Ricordi, Doctorate student in Architecture, M.S. in Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences. ALTERNATIVE TREES PROjECT (9:30 – 10:00am) by John Montoya, TPSS M.S. PhD student, Richard Criley, Emeritus Professor in Horticulture, and Alberto Ricordi, Doctorate student in Architecture

PESTICIDE by Walter Nagamine , Hawaii Department of Agriculture, biological Control SectionRoom 2 PART 1: NATURAL ENEMIES OF INSECT PLANT PESTS PART 2: NEW AND COMMON INSECTS OF LANDSCAPE PLANTS IN HAWAII by Walter Nagamine, biological Control Section, Hawaii Department of Agriculture

SuSTAINAbILITy EDIBLE LANDSCAPINg AND DECADANCERoom 3 by brian Lievens

ARbORIST SAFETY ENFORCEMENT UNDER THE NEW OSHA AND HIOSH OPERATIONAL Room 4 AgREEMENT by Raj Sundram, OSHA Compliance Officer for u.S. Department of Labor and Galen Lemke, Director for the Honolulu Area Federal OSHA Office10:00 – 10:30 TRADE SHOW OPENS (until 5:30pm) Enter To Win The Grand Prize And Other Drawings!! 2 Nights At The Moana Surfrider Hotel Plus $100 Dinning Credit In Waikiki – $1100 Value Compliments Of Kyo-ya Hotels & Resorts

SESSION 2 10:30 – 11:30am

ARbORIST UNDERSTANDINg AND MANAgINg SOILS FOR A HEALTHY LANDSCAPERoom 1 by Jonathan Deenik, Associate Specialist, Soil Fertility, Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences

PESTICIDE NEWER, SAFER INSECTICIDES FOR USE IN THE LANDSCAPE Room 2 by Arnold Hara, Entomologist and Extension Specialist, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences at uH-CTAHR

SuSTAINAbILITy A NEW WEBSITE TO HELP EVERYONE PLANT PONO (10:30-11:00AM)Room 3 by Christy Martin, Public Information Officer for Coordinating Group on Alien Species 2012 OAHU URBAN TREE CANOPY ASSESSMENT (11:00-11:30AM) by Teresa Truman-Madriaga, Smart Trees Pacific Executive Director and Wai Lee, Project Manager

11:30 – 1:00 COMPLIMENTARY LUNCH


SCHEDULE


SESSION 3 1:00 – 2:00pm

ARbORIST REDUCE, REUSE, RECHARgE, REgENERATE: DESIgNINg ECOLOgICAL Room 1 LANDSCAPES FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAgEMENT by Lauren Carter-Roth Venu, President, Roth Ecological Design Int’l

PESTICIDE PESTICIDE BASICSRoom 2 by Daisuke Inoyama, Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Pesticides branch, Education/Certification Section

SuSTAINAbILITy IPM FOR FRUIT TREES IN HOME gARDENSRoom 3 by Jayme Grzebik, Assistant Extension Agent in urban Horticulture, uH CTAHR

VENDOR ENgINEERINg BETTER TURFgRASS ONE BLADE AT A TIME: TIFgRAND® Room 4 BERMUDA AND jAMUR ZOYSIA FOR HAWAII LANDSCAPES by bill Carraway, Vice President of Marketing, The Turfgrass Group

SESSION 4 2:05 – 3:00pm

ARbORIST NEW LANDSCAPE PALMS FOR OAHURoom 1 by Garrett Webb, Consulting Arborist

PESTICIDE ESTABLISHMENT PROTOCOLS FOR PILI gRASS ON ROADSIDE AREASRoom 2 by Dr. Joe DeFrank, Weed Science Researcher, uH Manoa

SuSTAINAbILITy EDIBLE LANDSCAPES& URBAN FARMINgRoom 3 by Fred Lau, Owner of Hawaiian Landscape, Makakilo Nursery and Maris Gardens

VENDOR LED LANDSCAPINg WORKSHOP Room 4 by Stan Shibata, Director of Sales, Focus Industries

SESSION 5 3:05 – 4:00pm

ARbORIST HONEY BEES IN HAWAII – HISTORY, HYPE AND HEALTHRoom 1 by Jacqueline Robson, Apiary Planner, Hawaii Apiary Program

PESTICIDE gRASSY WEED MANAgEMENT IN RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL FINE TURFRoom 2 by Rey Ito, Owner, The Green Doctor of Hawaii

WATER FEATuRES WATER FEATURES FOR RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPESRoom 3 by Kevin J. Mulkern, Owner, Mulkern Landscaping and Nursery

4:00 – 5:30 TRADE SHOW OPEN UNTIL 5:30PM Win 2-Nights at the Moana Surfrider plus $100 dining credit in Waikiki and Other Door Prize Drawings at 5:00PM!!



Crop Production Services

Focus Industries

Farm Credit Services of Hawaii

Geobunga

Grimes Horticulture

Hawaii Export Nursery Association

Hawaii Landscape & Irrigation Contractors Association

Hawaiian Sunshine Nursery

Hawaiian Turfgrass

HISCO Hawaiian Island Supply Co

Kona Irrigation


TRADE SHOW VENDORS (as of print date)

Kyo-ya Hotels & Resorts

Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii

Lloyd & Associates

Maruyama

Netafim uSA

Oahu Nursery Growers Association

(ONGA)

Pacific Pipe

Rain bird Corporation

Steve Nimz & Associates


Contact: Madeleine Shaw at 946-7055

or Jay Deputy at 779-4735 for tradeshow booths.

INDUSTRYL I C H G R E E N

ConferenCe and Trade ShowBlaiSdell exhiBiTion hall

Thursday, OcTOber 25, 2012 • 7:00aM – 5:30PM

O

B

REgISTRATION AND FEESOnline registration and membership www.lich2012.eventbrite.com

CTOBER 25, 2012 CONFERENCE2012 Active LICH Members will receive a discount. Provide your membership number below.Forgot your number? Go to www.landscapehawaii.org. $100 member/$115 non-member

$ Amount

Name _______________________________________________________ Member # ____________________ _____________

Name _______________________________________________________ Member # ____________________ _____________

Name _______________________________________________________ Member # ____________________ _____________

ECOME A LICH MEMBER TODAY! Consider the benefits of LICH: •FreesubscriptiontoLandscapeHawaii,TheOfficialGreenPublicationshouldbe"($30value) •MemberrateforanyCertifiedLandscapeTechnicianTest •DiscountonregistrationfeesfortheannualLICHConference&Tradeshow •15%LICHsponsoredworkshoportrainingclass(includingCLTtraining!) •Localrepresentationintheaffairsofthelandscapeindustry •LICHwindowdetailandmembershipcard •MembershiplistingontheLICHwebsitewww.landscapehawaii.org

u New or Renewal Individual Membership $30 per yearu Company Membership (includes 1 individual) $30 per yearu Additional Employee Membership $15 per year

$ Amount

Name ________________________________________________________________ Circle: new or renew _____________



Total Enclosed: _____________

Company Name ____________________________________

Address ____________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Phone ____________________ Fax ____________________

Email ______________________________________________

Website ____________________________________________

For more information contact Madeleine Shaw at 946-7055 or visit our website at www.landscapehawaii.org.

Check payable to LICH and mail to: P.O. box 22938, Honolulu, HI 96823-2938

by credit card (VISA or Master Card only):

Name on card ___________________________________

Card number ____________________________________

Expiration date __________________________________

This information will be kept strictly private and shredded upon clearance.

INSI

DE

Formed in June 1986, the Landscape Industry Council of Hawai’i is a state wide alliance representing Hawaii's landscape associations: Aloha Arbor-ist Association, American Society of Landscape Architects Hawaii Chapter, Hawaii Association of Nurserymen, Hawaii Island Landscape Association, Hawaii Landscape and Irrigation Con-tractors, Hawaii Society of Urban For-estry Professionals, Kauai Landscape Industry Council, Maui Association of Landscape Professionals, Profes-sional Grounds Management Society, Big Island Association of Nurserymen, and the Hawaii Professional Gardeners Association.

Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘iP. O. Box 22938 Honolulu HI 96823-2938www.landscapehawaii.org

Editor Christopher A. [email protected]

Advertising SalesJay [email protected] MembershipCheryl M. [email protected]

Web MasterCory [email protected]

DesignerDarrell Ishida

Cover PhotoPhoto by Michael O’Hara

Mahalo to Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘i Sponsors

INSIDElook

T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s

DEPARTMENTS

13 PRESIDENT’S MEMO 14 LICH NEWS 20 FEATURED PALMS21 FEATURED PEST26 NATIVE PLANTS28 TOOL TIPS

FEATURES

17 PALMS WORkSHOP 18 HILA ANNOUNCES CONFERENCE22 PESTICIDE LAbEL

COVER STORIES

3 LICH CONFERENCE 16 CLT CERTIFICATION ExAM19 NEW LOULU bOOk

12 LANDSCAPE HAWAII OCTOBER | NOVEMBER 2012

26

21

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 13THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

MEM

OMEMOpresident’s

b y C h r i s D a c u s

The 10th Annual LICH Green Industry Con-ference & Trade Show is being held on Octo-ber 25, 2012 at the Blaisdell Exhibition Hall. The format is a packed one-day conference with four concurrent presentations in five sessions, covering a wide variety of interest-ing topics. It’s also a great way to earn valu-able CEUs for Certified Landscape Techni-cians, HDOA Pest Applicators, ISA Certified Arborists, and Golf Course Superintendents.

The trade-show is free again. Stop by any-time between 10:00 am to 5:30pm and check out the latest machines, tools, and products.

It’s a great opportunity to network and talk story with local and national sales representatives.

This year, we’re giving away great prizes including a 2-night stay at the Moana Surfrider Hotel, plus $100 dining credit. The grand prize is worth $1100, compliments of Kyo-ya Hotels & Resorts. The drawing is at 5:00pm.

Mahalo to all the speakers for volunteering their time and sharing their expertise with everyone, and for the conference supporters….we appreciate your support!

Gold sponsor - HISCOSilver sponsors - Rain Bird, Hawaiian Turfgrass and Kyo-ya Hotels & Resorts.

Lastly, this event would not be possible without the volunteers on our plan-ning committee who worked tirelessly to make this event a reality. A big shout out to Steve Nimz, Jay Deputy, Madeleine Shaw, and Brandon Au!

Register today at www.lich2012.eventbrite.com. See you at the conference :)

Aloha,

Chris DacusLICH President

phot

o: S

haun

Tok

unag

a

2012 BOARD Of DiRECTORS

Chris Dacus, President Boyd Ready, Vice President Matt Lyum, Treasurer Rick Quinn, Secretary

Brandon Au Christy Martin Rick Barboza Christopher McCullough Jay Deputy Lelan Nishek Carl Evensen Karen Ostborg Jennifer Lucien Josh Sand


NEW

SNEWSLICH

W h a t s H a p p e n i n g

Gallo named new CTAHR dean at UHMaria Gallo will lead the Col-

lege of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources at the University of Hawai‘i at

Mānoa as its new dean effective July 16, 2012. Her appointment is for three years.

Gallo is currently professor and chair of the agronomy department at the Univer-sity of Florida in Gainesville.

“We were blessed and grateful to have received a very high caliber of candidates for this tremendously important position,” said UH Mānoa Chancellor Virginia Hin-shaw. “Dr. Gallo’s exemplary background and experience in academic leadership and in promoting and sustaining programs within higher education make her the best match to take the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources to the next level.”

The formal search process for the CTAHR dean position was initiated in September 2011. Sylvia Yuen has served as interim dean for the past two years.

“I also want to thank Sylvia Yuen for her impressive contributions as interim dean since 2010,” said Hinshaw.

In Florida, Gallo leads a research program aimed at improving the perfor-mance and quality of tropical energy and agronomic crops. She is the founder of the world’s pioneering programs for sugar-cane biotechnology. The enhancement

Maria Gallo

of sugarcane as a bioenergy crop is currently the main thrust of her multi-disciplinary research team.

In addition to being author of numerous publi-cations, Gallo is immediate past president of the Crop Science

Society of America and the American Peanut Research and Education Society. Both are prestigious societies in the field of agriculture.

Gallo is also the co-founder and co-director of the University of Florida’s Sci-entific Thinking and Educational Partner-ship Program, whose main objective is to establish a nexus for life science research-ers and social scientists. The program catalyzes and provides logistical support for the development of quality education and outreach components of grant pro-posals, enhancing faculty competitiveness in obtaining extramural funding.

She obtained her bachelor’s degree in agronomy from Cornell University, and her master’s degree in crop science and PhD in genetics from North Carolina State University.

October 6-7Hawaii Tree Climbing CompetitionMoanalua Gardens, O‘ahu

October 13ISA Certified Arborist & Tree Worker ExamDept of Urban Forestry, O‘ahu

October 20 Plants for the Tropical Xeriscape Part IHoomaluhia Botanical Garden, O‘ahu

October 25LICH Conference & Trade ShowBlaisdell Exhibition Hall, O‘ahu

October 27Plants for the Tropical Xeriscape Part IIHoomaluhia Botanical Garden, O‘ahu

November 2Arbor Day Plant GiveawayStatewide

November 10Ohia Lehua TourDennis Kim’s Nursery O‘ahu

CALENDAR OF EVENTSLandscapeHawaii.org (Check website for details)

Photo: Forest & Kim Starr


New Hire in School of Architecture

A New baby Has Arrived

Nov.2 Tree Giveaway

Judith Stilgenbauer

Upcoming Issues:JAN/FEb 2013Theme: Arboriculture & PalmsStory Deadline: December 7th

Tell a great story! Email the editor at

[email protected].

MAR/APRTheme: Turf Grass & LegislatureStory Deadline: February 8th

MAY/JUNE Theme: Edible LandscapingStory Deadline: April 19th

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Susan OwenManager

Contact

(808) 239-1280 Office

(808) 239-2151 Fax

[email protected]

48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744

Judith Stilgenbauer was recently hired as an associate professor at the UH School of Architecture. She is the school’s first tenure track landscape architect. She will play a key role in developing a graduate program in land-scape architecture. Judith’s architectural education includes degrees in landscape architecture from the Technische Uni-versitat Munchen and the University of California at Berkeley. She is responsible for one of Taiwan’s newest public parks, the 228 National Memorial Park. Stilgen-bauer’s courses include advanced studio and urban design.

Congratulations to Thomas and Tina Aceves for welcoming a new baby.

Thomasine Celeste James Aceves was born on August 16, 2012 at 12:50pm - a healthy 6 pounds and 3.3 ounces and 19th inches long. May the newborn baby bring loads of joy, love and smiles to everyone. Congratulations to the Aceves family!

Arbor Day Celebrations Highlight Native Trees Arbor Day giveaways on November 2nd will feature a variety of endemic, endangered, and Polynesian-introduced trees and shrubs including ālula, hala pepe, ko‘oloa‘ula, maile, and munroidendron. Popular fruit trees, flowering shrubs, and palms also will be distributed at many of the Arbor Day events. Approximately 7,000 trees and shrubs will be given away. Certi-fied arborists, landscapers, and master gardeners will provide their expertise to answer attendees’ questions. Utility rep-resentatives will offer advice on water conservation, tree planting, and proper site selection. For details on Arbor Day events taking place across the state and the plants to be given away, go to: www.ArborDayHawaii.org

Reach one of the fastest

growing and largest segments

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Inquire with Jay Deputy at [email protected]


ixty four candidates participated in writ-

ten and hands-on field problems in Turf Main-

tenance, Ornamental Maintenance and Irriga-

tion at the 2012 Oahu Landscape Indus-try Certification Exam, held at the UH Waimanalo Experiment Farm on August 25. This is one of the largest groups ever tested in Hawaii since the program began in 1999.

The all day affair was coordinated by Island Chairs Mike Johnson, CLT, of Landscape Hawaii, and Brandon Au, CLT, of Honolulu Parks and Recreation, who were responsible for directing the set up of the physical aspects of the tests and supervising the 30 judges that were required to evaluate the performance of each candidate.

The participation of the many LICH sponsors was once again essential in put-ting together a successful test. Among the high lights were all the food provided for 100 hungry landscapers. A BBQ lunch was prepared on site by Leonard Smith and the guys from Hawthorne Cat Rental; plenty of snacks, water & soda was donated by Marge Chikamoto at Pacific Agricultural; and the judges lunch on Friday set-up donated by Rob Dunford at Crop Pruduc-tion Services. Randy Liu, CLT arranged for a $100 dining credit, compliments of Star-

wood Hotels as part of the prizes for the drawing held at the Friday judges meeting.

Major sponsors provided other dona-tions including equipment and materials used for the test, were B. Hayman Co, Ltd, Diamond Head Sprinkler Supply, HiSCO, Hawaiian Rent All, Fred Lau Hawaiian Landscape, Kona Irrigation, Landscape Hawaii, Inc, Pacific Pipe Co., Koba’s Nursery, Southern Turf Interna-tional, Alii Turf, and UH/CTAHR.

Nineteen candidates successfully com-pleted all requirements needed for cer-tification at the Oahu exam. In addition five more candidates from the Big Island recently completed all requirements in a re-take exam in Kona. All are listed below.

Oahu CLTs in Turf MainTenanCe

allan Lum, Hawaii Job CorpsCharles Winder, National Cemetery of the PacificDavid Ohai, Landscape Hawaii, Inc.Keola Gomes, Ola’s Landscaping Servicesronnie agustin, The Hawaii National Landscape IncMolia salanoa, BYU Grounds

Oahu CLTs in OrnaMenTaL MainTenanCe

anthony akau, Sheraton Hotelerwin amigo, Kyo-Ya Hotels

Tia Gomes, Malama Landscape Mainte-nanceaaron J.K. agsalda, Royal Palm Construc-tion & Landscapereynald agni, Hawa-E Lawn & Sprinklerssiosi Tuavao, Loves Landscaping

BiG isLanD CLTs in OrnaMenTaL MainTenanCe

Tracy armilli, self-employed, Kamuelaroland Bredlau, Self employed Big IslandJennifer McDaniel, Olena GardeningKen Puleo,Hualalai ResortKen sugai, Keauhou Nursery

Oahu CLTs in irriGaTiOn

Keola Gomes, Ola’s Landscape ServicesJeffrey Baguio-Lameg, Paradise Land-scape Maintenance, Inc.reynald agni, Hawa-E Lawn & SprinklersDennis reymundo, The Hawaii National Landscape IncCalvin Kalilimoko, Hawaii Job CorpsQuinton nilo, Nilo Landscape Coellison agustin, The Hawaii National Landscape Inc.

Jay Deputy is the state administrator for the Certified Landscape Technician program and a member of the LICH Board of Directors.

OAHu LANDScApE cERTIfIcATION ExAm IS GREAT SuccESS By JAy DEputy

Congratulations to 64 candidates for completing the Oahu Landscape Certification Exam

Phot

o: M

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el O

’Har

a


pALmS wORKSHOpwELL-REcEIVEDBy CAROL KWAN

he Palms workshop hosted by the Aloha

Arborist Association (AAA) and Western Chapter Interna-

tional Society of Arboriculture (WCISA) on Wednesday, August

29, 2012, in Honolulu was well-received with over 100 people in attendance. Don Hodel of the University of Califor-nia Davis, a recognized a world expert on palms, was very informative in his

presentations on Pritchardias – Hawaii’s native palms, abiotic disorders of palms, and California’s experience with the Red Palm Weevil. The workshop also cov-ered Oahu’s Native Plant Initiative by Chris Dacus, palm pests and pest alerts by Darcy Oishi, and new palms that are available for use in Hawaii’s landscapes by Garrett Webb.

In addition to the scheduled speakers, Frank Rinn of Germany, the inventor

of the Resistograph, and Steve Nimz manned one of the field practice stations and gave a demonstration of resistograph testing of coconut palms, showing the difference in results between a normal healthy trunk and a fungus infested one.

Carol Kwan is the President of Carol Kwan Consulting, a Certified Arborist, and the Secretary of Aloha Arborist Association.

ABOVE: Frank Rinn drills a fungus infested coconut palm trunk with a Resistograph while Steve Nimz checks for the bit emerging from the other side of the trunk. RIGHT: Darcy Oishi points out mite damage on coconut fruits.


EKO Compost is made in Hawaii . It ’s an integral part of theislands ’ ecosystem. It ’s also one of the Founding Members of the

U.S. Composting Council ’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program.

You can find EKO Compost at :Maui EKO ’s Plant

Central Maui Landfill - Pulehu Rd . Puunene8 0 8 - 5 7 2 - 8 8 4 4

Hawaii Grower ProductsMaui , Lanai & Molokai : 8 0 8 - 8 7 7 - 6 6 3 6

Big Island : 8 0 8 - 3 2 6 - 7 5 5 5

Pacific Agricultural Sales & ServiceOahu & Kauai : 8 0 8 - 6 8 2 - 5 1 1 3

MadeOn

Maui

C O M P O S T I N GC O U N C I LUS

Seal of Testing Assurance [email protected], Maui

he Hawaii Island Landscape Association is pleased to

announce that it will hold its annual Landscape Education

Conference and Trade show at the Hapuna Beach Prince Hotel Confer-ence Center on Saturday, November 17th.

This popular conference provides a forum for the leaders of the Landscape Industry to share their knowledge and experiences with Landscapers, Golf Course and Turf Specialists, and Arborists on the Big Island. The aim of the conference is to provide industry members with practical information and solutions that can be ap-plied immediately in their day to day opera-tion to help them produce a better product.

Topics and speakers for this year’s con-ference include:

Tree safety for landscapers: Steve Conley

Soil – The basis for plant health: Jonathan DeenikWeed control & web based resources: Joe Defrank Native plants - Big Island species: Rick Barboza Water quality and its effects on turf & plants: Steve Nair Emerging new pests issues on the Big Island: Dr. Arnold Hara Irrigation management: Alan Schildkenct

Hapuna Beach Prince Hotel will again host the function and serve a morning continental breakfast and buf-fet lunch.

Big Island horticulture product vendors will be present at the confer-ence trade show, displaying the latest in products available to assist landscapers.

A new component of the trade show will be Big Island nurseries displaying plant products and meeting members.

CEU credits will be available for Certi-fied Arborists, Restricted Use Pesticide Applicators and Certified Landscape Technicians.

In other HILA news, the Vic Paulson Education Scholarships was given to two deserving and qualified Hawaii students who are pursuing college degrees in the field of horticulture, agriculture or a related curriculum.

This year’s two $500 scholarship awards are to be given to Shaye Lynn Baldos and James Marlin.

Christopher McCullough is the Head Horticulturist for DFI Resources, LLC and is a member of the HILA and LICH Board.

HILA ANNOuNcES cONfERENcE AND TRADE SHOw ON NOV. 17

By CHRistOpHER MCCuLLOugH


Designed by growers & hor�culturalists Removable liners allow for easy maintenance Large plan�ng units provide op�mal growing condi�ons Great for indoor & outdoor se�ngs Easy installa�on and long‐term lifespan Op�onal built‐in irriga�on system provides accurate watering Available in various sized kits or custom units Wall, Free Standing, Fence and Handicap accessible op�ons available

Ver�cal Gardening Bringing Life to Art Highly versa�le and great for both large & small projects Easy to create intricate designs using a single unit or mul�ple Perfect for displaying plants ver�cally both indoor & outdoor Simple to install, lightweight, and easy to maintain Op�onal irrigator & catchment available One Unit: 8” wide x 18” tall x 4” deep (1 sq. �.)

Oahu: 808‐259‐7295 Total Free: 1‐866‐714‐7837 Hilo: 808‐959‐4088 Total Free: 1‐800‐424‐2053

Select the system that works best for you.

NEw BOOK AVAILABLE BY pALm ExpERT

CHECK VISA MASTERCARD

ACCOUNT NUMBER EXPIRES

SIGNATURE

TOTAL AMOUNT WITH SHIPPING

NAME

ADDRESS

CITY/STATE ZIP/POSTAL CODE COUNTRY

DAYTIME PHONE EMAIL

CA0712

ORDER FORM

UNIVERSITY of HAWAI‘I PRESS forthcoming

Please send ____ copy(ies) of Hodel/LOULU: THE HAWAIIAN PALM (978-0-8248-3567-5) at $38.40 each (reg. $48.00), to:

DONALD R. HODEL

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I PRESS You may also order by calling by faxing by email or via our WebsiteOrder Department 1-808-956-8255 or toll free: 1-808-988-6052 or toll free: [email protected] Kolowalu Street 1-888-UHPRESS (847-7377) 1-800-650-7811 www.uhpress.hawaii.eduHonolulu, HI 96822-1888 USA (Toll free in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico only) Thank you for your order!

The only native palms in Hawai‘i, loulu are among the Islands’ most distinctive plants. Several of the 24 recognized species are rare and endan-gered and all make handsome and appropriate ornamentals to adorn gar-dens and landscapes with their dramatic foliage, colorful fl ower clusters, and conspicuous fruits. In this volume, Donald Hodel shares his expertise on loulu, having traveled extensively throughout Hawai‘i to research and photograph nearly all the species in their native habitat. In the course of his work, he described and named three loulu that were new to science.

Each of the 24 species is treated in detail and this book is handsomely il-lustrated with more than 250 color photographs that clearly show leaves, fl ower stalks, fruits, and habitat. Chapters on loulu history, botany, ecology, conservation, uses, and propagation and culture provide essential back-ground information for readers, whatever their level of interest or exper-tise. In the appendices, they will fi nd a concise summary of loulu, lists of species by island, and an illustrated compendium of exotic, naturalized palms of Hawai‘i and relatives of loulu found throughout the South Pacifi c.

As interest in growing and conserving native Hawaiian plants surges while their numbers and habitat continue to decline, Loulu: Th e Hawaiian Palm will be valued as one of the most comprehensive and thoroughly illustrated treatments of these exceptional plants.

Donald R. Hodel, a graduate of the University of Hawai‘i, is the environ-mental and landscape horticulture advisor for the University of California Cooperative Extension in Los Angeles.

September 2012 est. 216 pages 255 color illus., 37 mapsISBN 978-0-8248-3567-5Hardcover, $48.00 (See special off er below)

SHIPPING & HANDLING: Website orders will be charged shipping fees calcu-lated online. Otherwise, for U.S. surface: add $5 for the fi rst book, $1 for each additional. Allow 2–6 weeks for delivery. U.S. priority mail: $7 for the fi rst book, $4 each additional; allow 7-10 days. Canada & Mexico: $10 for fi rst book, $7 each additional. (Canada: Add 5% GST.) Other countries: $10 per book. Allow up to 4 weeks. Payment must be made in U.S. funds.

Special 20% discount good until October 31, 2012*

* MUST USE THIS FORM OR REFERENCE CODE: HCC12

LOULU: Th e Hawaiian Palm

By CAROL KWAN

Pritchardia sp. (loulu)

niversity of Hawai‘i Press is accepting pre-orders for Don Hodels

new book, Loulu: The Hawaiian Palm. The

book is scheduled to be available in September 2012 with a list price of $48 each plus shipping. If you order by October 31, 2012, you can get a 20% discount by ordering online at www.uhpress.hawaii.edu and using reference code HCC12.

Phot

o: F

ores

t & K

im S

tarr


AR

ECA

VEPALM

featured

by Garrett Webb

NEw pALmS fOR THEHAwAIIANLANDScApE

Areca vestiaria

o other plant evokes the beauty and allure

of the tropics more than a palm tree. The

Coconut Palm is the quintessential image of

island life and yet it is only one of close to 3,000 species (and 280 or so genera) of palms found worldwide. In Hawaii, where

we have an almost unlimited choice in palms we could grow, most of our commercial and residential landscapes consist of selections from a limited list of a

dozen or so members of the Palm Family (Order: Principes; Family: Palmae). These articles will present information about Palms you may or may not be familiar with.

Cultural requirements and other com-ments: A beautiful clumping or solitary palm notable for its reddish-orange crownshafts, it can be very eye-catching

in the landscape. A. vestiaria grows well in partial shade, with adequate moisture, and rich, slightly acidic soils and can also be successfully trained to full sun. There are two varieties of Sunset Palms; the A. vestiaria 'Green' and A. vestiaria 'Red'. The red form has deep red emerging leaves and a reddish orange crownshaft and needs a little more sun protection than the green form which has orange crown-shafts and greener leaves. Both forms can be either multi-stemmed or, less often, single-stemmed. Bright red fruits, yellow flowers and dramatic stilt roots add to the allure of the Sunset Palm.

Areca vestiaria, are fast to produce and establish quickly in the landscape. The pinnate leaves of the red form have wide leaf sections. These colorful palms are very suited for the residential landscape with their manageable size and minimum pruning requirements; they are self-cleaning and shed their leaves slowly.

Garrett Webb is a nurseryman growing palms in Kona.

Areca vestiaria Common Name: Sunset PalmHeight: up to 20-25 feetSize of crown: clumpingWidth: 15 feet

Areca vestiaria Red Form


INVA

SIV

EPESTfeatured

by Carol kwan

EVERY pERSON cOuNTSIN THE

ONpESTS

wARhings have changed economi-cally over the last five years – and in the war on invasive

species, not for the better, at least in terms of the State’s

capacity to prevent and respond to new pests. “We’ve lost a large percentage of our budget and several positions, includ-ing the survey entomologist who used to go around checking for new pests. That means we need the landscape industry’s help now more than ever,” said Darcy Oi-shi, Biological Control Section Chief for the Hawaii State Department of Agricul-ture (HDOA) Plant Pest Control Branch.

There are thousands of landscape professionals out in the field across our state every day, many of who are familiar with common pests of ornamental plants. So when you see something different that you don’t recognize, what do you do? Call 643-PEST (from any island) or go to www.reportapest.org. At the website, you can submit photos of the pest and the damage it causes. When you call 643-PEST, you may be asked to bring a sample of the damage and pest to HDOA. Zip top bags work well for this, so keep a box in your vehicle, just in case.

Most of the time when HDOA receives a pest report or a sample, it identifies the pest and lets the reporter know what it is. This helps the person reporting it figure out how to effectively treat the infestation. If HDOA does not recog-nize the pest, that’s when things really get exciting. Just ask Certified Arborist Dudley Hulbert, who recently discovered new pest damage on a Chinese banyan.

“I was doing some work at the East-West Center at University of Hawaii along with Jack Morgan from Ultimate Innova-tions,” reports Dudley. “There was this Chinese banyan there that looked awful. It was really struggling. When I got up into the tree, I could see galls on the young stems. We’ve had galls on leaves for a long time now, but I’d never seen this type of damage before so I took a sample over to HDOA. It turns out it’s a new pest in Hawaii.”

When a previously unknown pest is brought into HDOA, the Plant Pest Control Branch works to identify the species, including contacting experts from all over the globe for help. Sometimes the species has never been identified before. That’s what happened when the Chinese banyan leaf gall wasp was first found. It turned out to be a previously unde-scribed species that needed a new scientific name. The identification process can take quite a bit of time, particularly when something like that happens.

So why is it so important to report a pest when you first see it? Because that gives HDOA and its partner agencies a chance

See Pest on page 30

I WANT YOU

TO REPORT A PEST!


(recertification)

RECERTIFICATION CREDITS may be earned by certified appli-cators that score at least 70% on the set of comprehension evalu-ation questions about the "recertification" articles in this newslet-ter. These articles have a title which ends with "(recertification)". However, credits may not necessarily be applicable for the follow-ing categories: Private 2, Private 3, Commercial 7f, and Commer-

cial 11. The question sets (quizzes) are written and administered by the Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) staff. Ask about earning recertification credits at one of these HDOA offices area code (808): Kauai 274-3069, Oahu 973-9409, Maui, Lanai and Molokai (call Hilo, toll free) 984-2400 ext. 44142 followed by #, Hawaii 974-4143.

n herbicide is a pesticide that kills unwanted plants. Herbicides are an essential com-ponent of modern agriculture. They

make possible the fast, efficient, more economic production of high-quality food and fiber needed by a world with a population topping seven billion inhabit-ants. Many people, however, are against the use of herbicides because of their

potential harm to humans and the envi-ronment. Some are against all pesticides because they are synthetic (man-made), or for other reasons.

Pesticides are regulated by their active ingredients and it is these that are usually tested for possible harmful effects. On the other hand, pesticides are typically a mixture of active and inert ingredients. The latter may be added to improve the efficacy of the pesticide (Example: sur-factants added to a glyphosate product),

or they may be unwanted byproducts of the manufacturing process (Example: dioxins in some phenoxy herbicides).

Of all the commonly used pesticides, herbicides can have a disproportionate effect on the environment. This is partly due to their composition and the direct application of some formulations to the soil. Herbicides are also the most used pesticide, accounting for almost 75% of all agricultural pesticide use in the U.S. This article looks at how herbicides are

HERBIcIDESBy CHARLEs NAgAMiNE

The Pesticide

Label

PESTICIDE SAFETYAND EDUCATION

KEY TO

LANDSCAPEHAWAII.ORG 23

classified and then briefly describes sev-eral modern herbicides and some of the benefits and risks surrounding their use.

Classification of herbicidesHerbicides can be classified by the

plants they target, their activity and their common use. Modes of action, chemical family, active ingredient, toxicity, cost, etc. are other methods of classification.

Target plantsSelective, or narrow spectrum herbi-

cides kill or stunt either broadleaf plants or grasses, but not both if applied cor-rectly. Non-selective, or broad-spectrum herbicides kill or inhibit both broadleaf plants and grasses. This is not a rigid distinction, however, and non-selective herbicides can act selectively under certain conditions. Further, a selective herbicide can become harmful to plants (phytotoxic) in general if the dosage is too high, the chemical formulation is inappropriate, the environment unfavor-able, or if the plant is in a sensitive stage of growth. [Note: herbicides vary in their ability to control sedges, so we only refer to broadleaf plants and grasses.]

activityContact herbicides only damage

the parts of a plant they touch. These fast-acting chemicals are most effective on annual vegetation and less effective on plants that can regrow from roots, rhizomes or tubers. Translocated, or systemic herbicides enter a plant either through its above- or belowground structures and move throughout the plant. Systemic herbicides are most ef-fective against perennial plants, do not demand a thorough coverage and, once they are absorbed, do not need to be reapplied following rainfall or overhead irrigation.

application methodFoliar applications are usually sprays

applied to the leaves of the target plant. Soil applications are taken up by the roots or the seed leaves of the plant.

Herbicides can also be classified by when they are applied:

Timing of application▪ Pre-plant herbicides are incorpo-

rated into the soil before planting. This helps prevent their premature release by volatilization, their decomposition by light, or both.

▪ Pre-emergence herbicides are ap-

plied before weeds emerge from the soil; sometimes it means before the crop emerges from the soil.

▪ Post-emergence herbicides are ap-plied after the weeds have emerged from the soil; sometimes it means after the crop has emerged from the soil.

Mode of actionThe way a chemical acts to kill or in-

hibit a plant, its mode of action (MOA), is classified by the first enzyme, protein, or biochemical mechanism it interferes with.

▪ Synthetic auxins are used against broadleaf plants and were one of the first organic (carbon-containing) herbi-cides. Like the naturally occurring plant growth regulator auxin, they act at sev-eral points on the plant cell membrane, causing fast, uncontrolled plant growth

and death. Example: Bandini Pro Choice Weed and Feed® (active ingredient (a.i.) 2,4-D)

▪ Photosystem II inhibitors interfere with electron flow during photosynthe-sis, causing cell death due to excessive oxidation reactions. Example: Liberty ATZ Herbicide® (a.i. atrazine).

▪ Electron transfer inhibitors, such as the quaternary ammonium herbicides, create an excess of reactive oxygen spe-cies that damage cell structures. They are broad-spectrum, contact herbicides. Example: Gramoxone® (a.i. paraquat)

▪ EPSPS inhibitors are broad-spectrum herbicides. They block the synthesis of three amino acids—tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine—by block-ing the enzyme enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phospate synthase (EPSPS). Example: Roundup®, Clearout 41® (a.i. glyphosate).

▪ ACCase inhibitors hinder Acetyl

Many are against the use of her-bicides for their potential harm to people and the environment.


coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) in the early phase of lipid synthesis. This affects cell membrane production in the meristems of grasses, but not broadleaf plants. Example: Assure II® (a.i. quizalo-fop-p [propanoic acid]).

▪ ALS inhibitors inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), the first step in synthe-sizing the amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucing. The target plants, either monocot or dicot, slowly starve and DNA synthesis is inhibited. This meta-bolic pathway is only found in plants, making it one of the safest groups of her-bicides for use around humans. Example: Arsenal® (a.i. imazapyr).

Profile of selected MOa herbicides

This section provides general informa-tion on herbicides in the MOA categories listed above. Herbicides within the same category, however, may have different properties that affect their uses, tox-icities and potential for environmental harm. Designation as a restricted use pesticide (pesticide applicator license re-quired to purchase) is determined by US EPA. Further, the Hawaii Department of Agriculture evaluates other (unclassified) pesticides that distributors wish to sell in Hawaii and designates some of them for restricted use within the State of Hawaii.

▪ Synthetic auxins: 2,4-D (2,4-di-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), a phenoxy herbicide, or synthetic auxin, was intro-duced during the 1940s by the Sherwin-Williams Paint Co. It is a translocated, selective, post-emergence herbicide that kills broadleaf plants but not grasses at recommended doses. It is still one of the most common herbicides in use today due to its effectiveness and easy, inex-pensive production. It is not considered a restricted use pesticide in Hawaii. The manufacture of PVC, phenoxy herbicides and the bleaching of paper can produce compounds called dioxins; they are also produced by volcanoes and forest fires. These contaminants can bioaccumulate in humans and wildlife and are known teratogens (can cause birth defects), mutagens (can cause heritable changes in cells) and suspected carcinogens (can trigger unregulated cell growth). Agent Orange, one of the “rainbow” herbicides used during the Vietnam War, contained 2,4-D, but it is reportedly the dioxin in the 2,4,5-T component that is linked to human health problems.

▪ Photosystem II inhibitors: Atrazine

is in the triazine family of chemicals. Introduced in the 1950s, it is translo-cated and non-selective, controlling both broadleaf and grassy weeds by inhibition of Photosystem II. Plants are killed either before or after they emerge from the soil. Atrazine is one of the most commonly used herbicides in the world, with over 75 million pounds applied in about 80 countries each year. Atrazine is a restrict-ed use pesticide due to its potential for groundwater contamination. It also has a long soil half-life (highly persistent). It is slightly toxic to birds and fish but report-edly not to bees (Extoxnet 1996).

▪ Electron transfer inhibitors: Paraquat is a quaternary ammonium compound introduced by Imperial Chemical Indus-tries (now Syngenta) in 1961. One of the most widely used contact herbicides, it is broad-spectrum, fast-acting and rain-fast shortly after application. One formu-lation, Gramoxone®, can be used as a pre-emergence herbicide. A seedbed is prepared, weed seeds are allowed to ger-minate and grow, then the crop seed is planted. Gramoxone® is applied and acts on the weeds before the crop seedlings emerge. This herbicide is quickly bound by soil particles, making it unavailable to plants and other soil inhabitants. It can, however, remain in the soil from 16 months to 13 years. It is a restricted use pesticide and is considered highly toxic by EPA because of its toxicity to humans and other mammals when swallowed. In several developing countries it is the agent-of-choice for suicide. Paraquat products are considered toxic to some aquatic species (Extoxnet 1993).

▪ EPSPS inhibitors: Glyphosate was in-troduced by Monsanto Co. in 1974 under the brand name Roundup®. Its chemical family has not been agreed upon. It is a translocated, broad-spectrum, post-emer-gence pesticide that inhibits the synthesis of certain amino acids. Though it was originally meant for non-selective weed control, it can now be used selectively to control weeds growing among crop plants that are resistant to it. These Roundup Ready® crops have been genetically modi-fied to detoxify the glyphosate molecule and include soybean, maize (corn), cano-la, sugar beet and cotton. Glyphosate is used in herbicides other than Roundup® and may now be the top-selling herbicide in the world. Glyphosate is relatively non-toxic orally, but some formulations can cause mild skin or eye irritation. It is not mutagenic or carcinogenic and does not appear to be teratogenic. Glyphosate is

reported to be slightly toxic to wild birds and possibly some aquatic invertebrates, practically nontoxic to fish, and nontoxic to bees. Some herbicide formulations, including Roundup®, contain the cationic surfactant polyethoxylated tallow amine, or POEA. It appears to be more toxic to fish than many other surfactants and is left out of formulations made for aquatic uses.

▪ ACCase inhibitors: Propionic (propa-noic) acid herbicides are used for selec-tive, post-emergence control of annual and perennial grasses in commercial and residential turf and among certain broadleaf crops. They are selective with-in the grasses, killing emerging weed seedlings but not harming established grasses when used according to label instructions. They are a not a restricted use pesticide in Hawaii, are relatively nontoxic to humans, and have a low tox-icity for land animals, birds, non-target insects, earthworms and most aquatic organisms (Vencill 2002).

▪ ALS inhibitors: Imazapyr is a post-emergence, broad-spectrum compound in the imidazolinone family of herbi-cides. It is often used on noncrop sites such as fence rows, storage areas, or rights of way where long-term weed suppression is needed. Some formula-tions are used in sugarcane fields and plantation crops. It is weakly bound to the soil at a pH above 5 and its break down is relatively slow. The half-life of ALS inhibitors is between 25 and 142 days and its weed suppression can last from 3 months to 2 years. In spite of its mobility, reports of water contamination are varied. This may be partly due to its breakdown in water and sunlight, where its half-life is only 2 days. Imazapyr is relatively nontoxic to humans, but can cause irreversible eye damage. It has a low toxicity to birds, mammals, fish and aquatic invertebrates. It is not classified as a carcinogen by US EPA. Arsenal Her-bicide® (imazapyr) is not a restricted use pesticide in Hawaii (Vencill 2002).

herbicides—a polarizing issue

In 2005 the value of herbicides in increased yields in the US was estimated at $16 billion, plus another $10 billion in reduced weed control costs. Herbicides significantly lower the need for fuel and labor. Farm fuel bills would be 337 mil-lion gallons higher without herbicides and a minimum of 1.1 billion hours of hand labor would be needed at peak


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season for hand weeding. This would re-quire the employment of 7 million more agricultural workers for hand weeding and crop yields would be 20% lower (Gianessi and Reigner 2006).

On the other hand, a recent article in Scientific American (Gammon 2009) stated that an environmental group in Argentina was seeking a temporary ban on glyphosate use after an Argentine sci-entist and local activists reported a high incidence of birth defects and cancers in people living near crop-spraying areas. Scientists in that country also linked genetic malformations in amphibians to glyphosate. In addition, last year in Swe-den, a scientific team found that exposure [to glyphosate] is a risk factor for people developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

What are the facts about herbicides and how are they arrived at? Based on these facts, can we determine whether or not the beneficial uses of herbicides are worth the risk to our health and the environment?

Controversy arises not only when we disagree on facts, but when we have dif-ferent perceptions of those facts. Even the interpretation of data by objective scientists and others can lead to differ-ent opinions on the implication and importance of those data (Whitford 1993). For example, a poll taken in 1990 showed that 75% of Americans shared the perception that pesticides were a serious concern to man and the environ-ment. Though the list of concerns has changed, a survey ranking the dangers of pesticides in foods in 1990, from greatest to least dangerous was: food additives, pesticide residues, naturally occurring toxicants, environmental contaminants, nutritional imbalance, and microbial contamination. Conversely, rankings by food scientists for the same dangers were exactly reversed (Food Marketing Institute 1992).

Positive and negative perceptions are usually based on our own experiences. In the above survey, farmers would be more likely to have positive attitudes towards pesticides because their risks are familiar and they have seen the bene-fits—a decrease in pest populations and an increase in yields. Most people are not well-versed in modern agricultural practices, however, and are more apt to focus on the risks of pesticides—whose application is out of their control—as well as unknown health hazards.

DISCLAIMER: Pesticides or other

products mentioned in this article are for information purposes only and should not be considered a recommendation. Always follow labeling directions for any pesticide product.

This article is from “The Pesticide Label” newsletter and is reprinted with permission from the Pesticide Safety Education Program, College of Tropi-cal Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa. If you would like to receive notice when a new issue of this publication has been posted on-line, send your request to [email protected] with “new issue alerts” as the subject header.

referencesExtoxnet. 1996. Atrazine. Viewed on 20 July 2009 at http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/24d-captan/atrazine-ext.html

Extoxnet. 1993. Paraquat. Viewed on 20 july 2009 at http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/metiram-propoxur/

paraquat-ext.html (see Extoxnet for information on 2,4-D and many other pesticides)

Food Marketing Institute. 1992. Trends: Consumer attitudes and the supermarket. Food Marketing Institute, Washington, D.C.

Gammon, C. Weed-whacking herbicide proves deadly to human cells. 23 June 2009, Scientific American.

Gianessi, L. and Reigner, N. 2006. the value of herbicides in U.S. crop produc-tion; 2005 update. CropLife Foundation, Crop Protection Research Institute, Washington, D.C.

Vencill, W.K. 2002. Imazapyr: Pages 251-253, In Herbicide Handbook, 8th ed. Weed Science Society of America, USA.

Vencill, W.K. 2002. Quizalofop-p: Pages 388-390, In Herbicide Handbook, 8th ed. Weed Science Society of America, USA.Whitford, F. 1993. Pesticide facts and per-ceptions. Journal of Extension 31(1): 1FEA2


wHAT'S IN ANAmEPLANT

native

b y C h r i s D a c u s

here’s been a surge of professionals and con-

sumers over the past 10 years actively seeking to utilize native plants for their homes and

landscaping projects. Most folks are aware and comfortable using the tried and true fifteen or so native and canoe plants like Naupaka, Hala, Pohinahina, Ti, Ohi‘a, Kukui, ‘A‘alii, Hapu‘u, ‘Uki‘uki, Koa, ‘Akia, Kalo, Koki‘o, Maile, Milo, and ‘Ilie‘e. Plus often these are the only native plants

available if they are available at nurseries and consumer big boxes like Home Depot or Lowes.

Unfortunately there are many nonna-tive plants over the years that have been given Hawaiian names. This has lead to years of confusion among both consum-ers and landscape professionals. It’s time to call these plants by their common names.

Here’s some of the commonly used nonnative plants with Hawaiian names.

Shampoo Ginger formerly known as 'Awapuhi

Photos: Forest & Kim Starr

LocaL Name BotaNicaL Name commoN Name Native HaBitat

Pakalana Telosma cordata Chinese violet India

Kiawe Prosopis pallida Mesquite U.S. Southwest

Loulu Pritchardia pacifica Fiji Fan Palm Fiji

Puakinikini Fagraea berteroana Australian Gardenia Other pacific islands

Pikake Jasminum sambac Arab Jasmine Saudi Arabia

Ali'ipoe Canna indica Indian Shot Tropical America

Wai'wi Psidium cattleianum Strawberry Guava Brazil

Koa Haole Leucaena leucocephala White Leadtree Mexico, Guatemala

'Awapuhi Zingiber zerumbet Shampoo Ginger India and the Malay Peninsula

Laua'e Phymatosorus grossus Musk Fern Parts of Oceania and tropical Asia, not a canoe plant

Liliko'i Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Yellow Passionfruit Amazon region in Brazil

Maile Pilau Paederia foetida Stinkvine East Asia

Hawaiian Wood Rose Merremia tuberosa Woodrose Mexico and Central America

Kahili Ginger Hedychium gardnerianum Himalayan Ginger Himalaya

'Awapuhi melemele Hedychium flavescens Yellow Ginger Himalaya

Prince Kuhio Vine Ipomoea horsfalliae Cardinal Creeper West Indies native

Ni'oi or Capsicum annuum Chili Pepper North America and South America Hawaiian Chili Pepper

Ka'u orange Citrus sinensis Orange Tree Southeast Asia

'Ohai ali'i Caesalpinia pulcherrima Dwarf Poinciana Tropics and Subtropics of the Americas

Kikania Xanthium strumarium var. canadense Cocklebur North America

Kukunaokala Rhizophora mangle Red Mangrove Tropical America

Pua melia Plumeria species Frangipani, Plumeria Central America, Mexico, the Caribbean, and South America

Lokelani Rosa chinensis Rose Southwest China


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Take the time today to share this list with your design, webmaster and nursery staff and make sure today is the last day that your business is adding to the confu-sion of what’s native and not. Start using the correct common names. Change your website, drawings, publications, speci-fications, catalog, and plant tags. Don’t speak them again and definitely don’t give another nonnative plant a Hawaiian name. Let’s fix this once and for all. We can do this!

Chris Dacus is a landscape architect and arborist for the Hawaii Department of Transportation and the president of LICH.

Musk Fern formerly known as Laua‘e

TO

OLSTIPS

tool

b y P h y l l i s J o n e s

fROm THEBENcH

NEwS

Tip 1.

Are you noticing more carburetor problems with your new machines? If so, here’s a tip that may be helpful. The new carburetors are more fuel sensitive (more about that later), and you cannot adjust them to compensate for “bad” and/or “dirty” fuel. The portals in the new carbu-retors are smaller, and more susceptible to rubbish in your fuel, which may clog the passages. In most cases, manufactur-ers use a felt fuel filter. As these filters age, fibers can break loose from the filters, get

sucked into the passages and block or clog the passages in the carb. If your machine is run-

ning poorly, and you have tried a carb kit and

that does not change the way the machine is running you might want to try a non-shed fuel filter. Don’t forget, if you remove the

carburetor to work on it, replace the carbure-tor gasket. It may get ripped or distorted when removing the carb, and you leave yourself open to an air leak.

The non-shed filter is not felt; it resembles the old ceramic fuel

filters used in chain saws decades ago. By using this new type of filter, you have eliminated one possible problem. I would even suggest that when you buy a new machine you might want to automati-cally change to this new filter. The cost is about the same as the felt type. Don’t forget, in almost all situations, carbure-tors are not covered under warranty.

Tip 2.

Some manufacturers are recommend-ing changing spark plugs every 300 hours. For some landscape companies that can mean every three months. That’s a lot of plugs and a lot of $$$$. Changing your spark plug without checking your plug is of little use. On two cycle engines, if your plug has carbon build-up and is damp, it suggests that your fuel is too rich (too much oil). If your plug is grey or white, your fuel is too lean (not enough oil). On four cycle engines, if your engine won’t start, don’t assume that you need a new coil—check your spark plug. If you have pulled the starter five or six times, and the engine does not start, take out the plug and look at it. If the plug is wet, your engine is probably flooded and you may have a carburetor problem. If the plug is dry, the carburetor is not getting fuel, and you need to track that problem down. Remember, you need ignition, good fuel and air for your engine to run.


THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY

BENcH

Tip 3.

Related to tip 1 and 2—you can change your fuel filter and change your plug, and your machine still doesn’t seem to run properly, your air filter may be dirty. I would recommend changing your air fil-ter more often as there is a greater chance that a dirty air filter may be the root of your problem. Debris from the air filter gets sucked into the carburetor. I have found this to be particularly true with chain saws which operate in a debris-filled environment. If your air cleaner has rubbish on it, or is discolored, that should be a signal that you need to change it. If your air filter is made of foam, it can be washed. Do not underestimate the im-portance of a clean air cleaner if you want your machine to start.

Tip 4.

Keep current. After thirty years, I sometimes forget that these are “new times”. These are the days of instant in-formation; where anyone can learn about the newest trends in cars, clothes, and yes, even landscaping. Curb appeal, vertical gardens, sustainability, hardscapes, envi-ronmental safety, have become common topics of discussion in print and visual media. People are looking for landscap-ers who are familiar with these terms and can provide them with information. All you need to do is to look at how floor space has changed to include products reflecting the new trends in the major big box stores. The fact that some of these things cannot be adapted to our climate, or require constant maintenance, or have

limited applications, should be part of the discussion, but that will only happen if we are informed. The person that is going to succeed is the one who acknowledges that these trends do exist (and may even have a place in today’s world), but can also explain how they can be adapted to each situation. Stay current!!

Phyllis Jones is with A to Z Equipment and Sales, formally A to Z Rental Center, in business for over 25 years.



Continued from page 21Pestto eradicate new pests before they become established. Thanks to quick reporting, HDOA was able to eradicate Little Fire Ants (LFA) on Maui, although constant vigilance is necessary. LFA is established on the east side of Hawaii Island and could easily spread across the state unless people keep reporting new infestations as soon as they’re found. Similarly, coqui frog is established in parts of the Big Island and eradication is unlikely there at this point, but eradica-tion efforts are underway and have been

successful in areas on Kauai and Oahu and are ongoing on Maui. Pay special attention when working around airports and harbors or other places where new pests are likely to first become estab-lished, such as new construction devel-opments.

So what’s the bottom line? If you see something new, report it! Don’t assume that someone else has already done it. You can make a difference to our indus-try and Hawaii’s environment by calling 643-PEST or going to www.reportapest.org.

Carol Kwan is the President of Carol Kwan Consulting, a Certified Arborist, and the Secretary of Aloha Arborist Association.

Little Fire Ant on a cacao tree in Papua, New Guinea.

Phot

o: ©

Van

derw

oude

20

08

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