-Will Wright

Games as Tools for

Science and Society

Senet3500BC

Little Wars: a game for boys from twelve years of age to one hundred and fifty and for that more intelligent sort of girl who likes boys' games and books.

Expensive Cheap

Realistic Abstract

MapExercises

ComputerSimulations

WarGames

AnalyticalModels

MinorField

Exercises

MajorField

Exercises

General Problem Solving

Individual Skills

Logistics

Battle Planning

Campaign Planning

Weapons Development

Thinking - Intelligence

Intuition

Strategy Systemic

Holistic

Mastery

SubconsciousAssociative

DeconstructionEmergence

RepetitionPractice

Perception Awareness Filtering

Basic Skills

LeadershipSocial Empathy

Intuition

Strategy Systemic

Holistic

Mastery

SubconsciousAssociative

DeconstructionEmergence

RepetitionPractice

Perception Awareness Filtering

Basic Skills

LeadershipSocial Empathy

PREFACECHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTIONSection I. BACKGROUND

1-1. NATURE OF LOW-INTENSITY CONFLICT1-2. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS1-3. MILITARY ROLE IN LOW-INTENSITY CONFLICTSection II. IMPERATIVES1-4. POLITICAL DOMINANCE1-5. UNITY OF EFFORT1-6. ADAPTABILITY1-7. LEGITIMACY1-8. PERSEVERANCESection III. OPERATIONAL CATEGORIES1-9. SUPPORT FOR INSURGENCY AND COUNTERINSURGENCY1-10. COMBATTING TERRORISM1-11. PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS1-12. PEACETIME CONTINGENCY OPERATIONSSection IV. LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES1-13. FORCE PROTECTION1-14. FORCE SUSTAINMENT1-15. DISCIPLINE MAINTENANCE1-16. FRATRICIDE PREVENTIONCHAPTER 2. SUPPORT FOR INSURGENCY AND COUNTERINSURGENCYSection I. THE NATURE OF INSURGENCY2-1. GOALS2-2. ENVIRONMENT2-3. CHARACTERISTICS2-4. POPULAR AND LOGISTIC SUPPORT2-5. GUERRILLA TACTICS2-6. DEVELOPMENT PHASESSection II. BRIGADE AND BATTALION TASK FORCE IN COUNTERINSURGENCY2-7. FOREIGN INTERNAL DEFENSE AUGMENTATION FORCE OPERATIONS2-8. CONDUCT OF TACTICAL OPERATIONS2-9. PLANNING2-10. OPERATION PRINCIPLES2-11. TASK ORGANIZATIONSection III. OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS2-12. PHASE I - LATENT AND INCIPIENT INSURGENCY2-13. PHASE II - GUERRILLA WARFARE2-14. PHASE III - WAR OF MOVEMENT

Pragmatic approach…

-Individual

-Group

-Peer to Peer

World Me

World

models

imagination

A B C

We build models by abstracting lots of examples

Examples – (Data)

Metaphors – (Patterns)

Schema – (Abstractions)

Models – (Predictive)

Behavior

Light bulb Joke Schema

Q: How many members of a particular demographic group does it take to change a light bulb?

A: Some finite number. One to change the bulb, and the rest to act in a manner that reinforces the stereotype of that particular group.

Classification

-Enter restaurant-Be seated-Get menu-Place drink order-Receive drinks-Place food order-Eat food-Receive check-Pay check-Leave Causality

Schema gone bad…

James Bond

Failure Based Learning

Apprenticeship

Professional

TIME

10sec.

Patterns in time

Success

Failure

10min.

1hr.

10hrs.

Basic Control

Needs

PeeCollapseLonelyStarve

HappyFree Time

Job/SkillsEconomy

DemotionLose JobRepo ManElectrocution

ObjectsHouseEfficiency

Family

BreakupSocial ServicesAffairMilitary School

MarriageChildren

Social -Friends

ArgumentInsultJealousyFight

FriendshipRomanceParties

Success

Failure

MoveInteract

failure

experience

toyexperiences

others

Play

experience

toyexperiences

Play

Story

EducationalTechnologies

Educational technologies for dealing with time

Now

Future

Past

Games

Games are a subset of play

Games

Play

Possibility Space

Intuition

Strategy Systemic

Holistic

Mastery

SubconsciousAssociative

DeconstructionEmergence

RepetitionPractice

Perception Awareness Filtering

Basic Skills

LeadershipSocial Empathy

possibilities

SocialMaterial

Success

Gameplay Landscape (Sims)

Start

Real design target

Scott Diddams

Quantum – Optical interactions

Timmy

Properties of magnetic interaction

Physics model Comprehensive World Model

Physicist - National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Toddler (3yrs.old) –

Carolina Day School

Comprehensive, Complex & Robust?

Models – build – test - replace

Science

F =

Gm m1 2

r 2

compression

Games

if ((fdLen = DFANgetfdslen(dfanFileID, 1)) == FAIL) { if (verbose) cout << "There is no file desc annotation.\n"; } else { numFd++; DFANgetfds(dfanFileID, cdesc1, fdLen, 1); while((fdLen = DFANgetfidlen(dfanFileID, 0)) != FAIL) {numFd++; }

} // endif desc1 phase space - player perception

Mental Model

Games test models

Play builds modelsimagination

imagination

Structural Models

Structure

Dynamics

Dynamics

deconstructing…then reconstructing

SystemicUnderstanding

AgentsNetworks

Layers

Propagation

Growth

Grouping

Order

Allocation

Mapping

Specialization

Nesting

TopologiesD

ynam

ics

Paradigms

Cybernetics

System

Dynam

ics

Cellular A

utomata

Chaos T

heory

Adaptive S

ystems

Netw

ork TheoryV

erb

s

Nouns

Grammar

AgentsNetworks

Layers

Propagation

Growth

Grouping

Order

Allocation

Mapping

Specialization

Nesting

Cybernetics

System

Dynam

ics

Cellular A

utomata

Chaos T

heory

Adaptive S

ystems

Netw

ork Theory

Topology

relationships

Rig

id

Fle

xibl

e

Networks

Agents

Layers

AgentsNetworks

Layers

Propagation

Growth

Grouping

Order

Allocation

Mapping

Specialization

Nesting

Cybernetics

System

Dynam

ics

Cellular A

utomata

Chaos T

heory

Adaptive S

ystems

Netw

ork Theory

Topology

AgentsNetworks

Layers

Propagation

Growth

Grouping

Order

Allocation

Mapping

Specialization

Nesting

Cybernetics

System

Dynam

ics

Cellular A

utomata

Chaos T

heory

Adaptive S

ystems

Netw

ork Theory

Dyn

amic

s

topology change through time

Propagation

Material

Information

Patterns

Growth

Quantity

State

Structure

Grouping

SimilarSpecialized

Order

LinearBranching

Allocation

Material

Time

Mapping

?

Specialization

Nesting

TIME

Failure

Success

10sec.

10min.

1hr.

10hrs.

Patterns in time

AgentsNetworks

Layers

Propagation

Growth

Grouping

Order

Allocation

Mapping

Specialization

Nesting

Cybernetics

System

Dynam

ics

Cellular A

utomata

Chaos T

heory

Adaptive S

ystems

Netw

ork Theory

Dyn

amic

s

topology change through time

AgentsNetworks

Layers

Propagation

Growth

Grouping

Order

Allocation

Mapping

Specialization

Nesting

Paradigms

Cyb

ernetics

System

Dyn

amics

Cellu

lar Au

tom

ata

Ch

aos T

heo

ry

Ad

aptive S

ystems

Netw

ork T

heo

ry

Deconstruction - metamodeling

Futurism

The Nucleon

IN OUT

Feedback

POSITIVENEGATIVE

Cybernetics

control theory

chained together – analog electronics

Analog computation

System Dynamics

magnetic-core memory

StockFlow

Jay Forrester

72

Cellular Automata

Von Neumann

Digital computation – true emergence

Land Value = Crime + Location

Population = Land Value + Zoning

Crime = Population – Land Value

Value

Pop. Crime.+

-+

Ind. Res.SystemDynamics

CellularAutomata

+

Chaos Theory / Phase Space

Phase space

Stable System

Chaotic System

Complex Adaptive Systems

IN OUT

Feedback

IN OUT

Feedback

Rule System

genetic algorithms – neural networks – etc.

Adaptive Landscape

Network Theory

Social

Infrastructure Financial

Metabolic

Power law distribution

Graph Width(6 degrees of separation)

Graph Connectedness

Models , not reality

Relativity Theory Quantum Mechanics

Reality

Disordered

Ordered

Local

Global

Cooperation

Competition

AgentsNetworks

Layers

Propagation

Growth

Grouping

Order

Allocation

Mapping

Specialization

Nesting

TopologiesD

ynam

ics

Paradigms

Cybernetics

System

Dynam

ics

Cellular A

utomata

Chaos T

heory

Adaptive S

ystems

Netw

ork Theory

Local GlobalOrder Disorder

CompeteCooperate emmergence

Intuition

Strategy Systemic

Holistic

Mastery

SubconsciousAssociative

DeconstructionEmergence

RepetitionPractice

Perception Awareness Filtering

Basic Skills

LeadershipSocial Empathy

SocialIntelligence

Less about Firepower…

More about Social Awareness

PSYOPs

Not just for specialists…

Going from “soft science”…

…to data driven.

evolution

evolution

Good Samaritan Psychopath

Manic Depressive

Griefers

Primary landscapes

Appendix B - "Social Network Analysis and Other Analytical Tools"

U.S. Army Counterinsurgency Handbook

-Culture-Ideas-Opinions

Awash in information

Synthetic Awareness

Intuition

Strategy Systemic

Holistic

Mastery

SubconsciousAssociative

DeconstructionEmergence

RepetitionPractice

Perception Awareness Filtering

Basic Skills

LeadershipSocial Empathy

Smart Dust

Information Network-Collect

-Process

-Distribute

-DistributeP1

P1

P1

P1P1

P1

P1

P1

P1

P1

P1

P1P1

P1

P1

-Collect

-Process

P2P2

P2

P2

P2

P2

P2

P2

P2-Distribute

-Collect

-Process

P2

P2P2

P2

P2

P2

P2

P2

P2-Distribute

-Collect

-Process

P3

P3

P3

P3

P3

P3

-Distribute

-Collect

-Process

InformationGradient

Synthetic Senses

Augmented Reality

Blended Reality

Virtual Reality

Wearable Computing

http://www.crunchbase.com/assets/images/original/0002/7070/27070v2.jpg

Replacing my instincts

Intuition

Strategy Systemic

Holistic

Mastery

SubconsciousAssociative

DeconstructionEmergence

RepetitionPractice

Perception Awareness Filtering

Basic Skills

LeadershipSocial Empathy

10,000,000

1,000,000

100,000

100,000

1000

sight

touch

sound

smell

taste

Data In (bps)

50 bps

consciousness

Conscious Intelligence / Awareness

Pre-conscious IntelligenceIntuition

Intuition

Strategy

Perception

Basic Skills

Social

Perspectives are more valuable than solutions

Story

PlayVisual

Systemic

Tactile / Immersive

Toy-like / Systemic

Historical / Regional

Dramatic / Cultural

Abstractions

Symbolic

Perceptual

Intuitive ?

Sca

le

decadesyearsmonthsweeksdays

army

weaponsdevelopment

militarycampaign

tacticalplanning

forcedevelopment

operationalplanning

logisticstactics

company

Time

individual

division

branch

combined forces

basicskills career

developmentassignmentsduties

training

deployment

strategicplanning

objectives

advancedskills

Timedecadesyearsmonthsweeksdays

combined forces

branch

army

weaponsdevelopment

militarycampaign

tacticalplanning

forcedevelopment

operationalplanning

logisticstactics

company

Sca

le

individual

division

basicskills career

developmentassignmentsduties

training

deployment

strategicplanning

objectives

advancedskillsSimulations

Group Exercises

Wargaming

Analytical Models

Skills

Social

Strategy

Perception

1700 1800 1900 2000 2100

The Future is becoming less predictable

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.iicrc.org/newsyoucanuse/house.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.iicrc.org/newsyoucanuse/springcleaning.html&h=270&w=233&sz=12&hl=en&start=39&tbnid=GP2lgJiaIzgF3M:&tbnh=113&tbnw=98&prev=/images?q=house+gif&start=20&ndsp=20&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&sa=N

I wonder…

TheEnd

Perceptual

Verbs into Nouns

Charles Joseph Minard