REPORT ON WINDOWDEFINATION OF WINDOW

PARTS OF WINDOW TYPES OF WINDOW

A window is an opening in a wall , door or vehicle that allows the passage of light and , if not closed or sealed air and sound.

Window consists of a window frame and shutter. The frame consists of two vertical members called jambs, one flat member connecting the jambs at top, known as head and another flat member connecting the jambs at their feet known as sill.The shutter can be full glazed, paneled and glazed or paneled type.

Windows are normally provided provided with two leaves.

WHAT IS WINDOW

Windows provided in a room depends upon the following consideration

Size of room to be lighted. Location of room and its utility. Architectural treatment is to be given to the

building . Directional wind and its speed. Climate consideration of the site such as

humidity, temperature variation etc.

SIZE, SHAPE , LOCATION AND NUMBER OF WINDOWS

Total area of window opening should normally vary from 10% to 20% of the floor area of the room .

In hot and arid regions it could be 10% to 15% of the floor area. In hot and humid regions the area of the window openings should be 20% of the floor area.

In case of public buildings like , schools, offices, factories, hospitals, etc. minimum area of window should be 20% of the floor area

For adequate natural light , the total area of glasspanes in windows should be at least 8% of the floor area.

AREA OF WINDOW

The size & number of windows should be sufficient to provide adequate light and ventilation in room.

Windows should be located opposite to each other wherever possible. Windows provided on northern side permit maximum day light without glare .

Window sill should be placed at 75 to 100cm above the floor level. In case of bath & w.c. and other situation where privacy is desired , window sill should be kept at 1.75m above floor level. The top of windows and doors should be at same height.

shutter windows in external walls and doors should open outside.

All external windows should be provided with mild steel round or square bars or steel grills to safe guard against theft.

Widows in external walls should be provided with chajja projections to prevent entry of rain water in the room.

DESIGN OF WINDOW

Fixed windows Pivoted windows Double – hung windows Sliding window or slider Casement windows Glazed windows Louvered windows Metal windows Bay windows Clerestory windows Corner windows Dormer and gable window Awning window Sky light

TYPES OF WINDOWS

FIXED WINDOW

In this type , glass pane is permanently fixed in the opening of the wall.

The shutter can not be opened or closed. The function is limited to allowing light or

permit vision in room. No rebates are provided to the frame. The shutters are fully glazed. In homes they are generally decorative

windows near doors , stairwells and high places or are used in combination with other styles.

FIXED WINDOWS

PIVOTED WINDOW

In this type of window, the shutter is capable of rotating about a pivot fixed to window frame.

The frame has no rebate. The shutter swing horizontally or vertically.

PIVOTED WINDOWS

DOUBLE HUNG WINDOW

It has two panes , top and bottom that slide up and down in tracks called stiles.

The most common used window today, When open these window allow air flow through half of its size.

The two parts are not necessarily the same size. Traditionally , each shutter is provided with a pair of counter weights

connected by cord or chain over pulleys. When the weights are pulled shutter

Open to required level. Nowadays, most new double hung slash windows use spring balances

to support the sashes. Special frames called boxed or cased frame is used , which consists

of two vertical members spaced apart to create a groove to slide shutter.

A parting bead is provided in groove of the frame to keep two shutter apart.

DOUBLE- HUNG WINDOW

SLIDER

It has two or more sashes that overlap slightly but slide horizontally within frame.

Suitable openings or grooves are left in the frame or wall to accommodate the shutters when shutters are open.

SLIDING WINDOW OR SLIDER

CASEMENT WINDOW

These windows are hinged at the side . When fully opened , offer the maximum amount of

ventilation . Operates like a hinged door except that it opens and

closes with a lever inside the window. Shutter consists of styles, top rail , bottom rail and

intermediate rail. Depending upon design , frame can have additional

vertical and horizontal members i.e. mullion and transom respectively .

The panels may be either glazed , unglazed or partly glazed and are fixed in grooves made in rails and styles.

CASEMENT WINDOW

SASH OR GLAZED WINDOW

This is type of casement window where panels are fully glazed.

The frames has styles , top rail and bottom rail. The space between top and bottom rail is

divided into number of panels with small timber members called sash bars or glazing bars .

Glass panels are cut 1.5-3.0 mm smaller in size than panel size to permit movements of sash bars

Glass panels are fixed to sash bars by putty or by timber beads.

SASH OR GLAZED WINDOW

LOUVERED WINDOW

They are provided for sole function of ventilation and not for vision outside .

The styles are grooved to receive a series of louvers which may be of glass or wood slates.

The louvers are fixed at 45 degree inclination sloping downward to outside to run off the rai water.

Window provide light and ventilation even if closed. Such windows are recommended for bath , w.c.,

workshop sector, where privacy is more impotant. Venation shutter uses louvers which can be open or

closed . Louvers are pivoted at both ends in the frame and in addition each blade is connected to a vertical batten by hinge.

LOUVERED WINDOWS

MWTAT WINDOW

These are very popular in public buildings and can be made up of mild steel , stainless steel , aluminium, bronze , etc.

Being cheaper of all , they are widely used . Windows can be fabricated for required size using light rolled steel sections.

They can be fixed directly to the wall opening in a wooden frame or in steel frame

While fixing , care has to be taken that the members of the frame are not subjected to any structural loads to prevent damage.

THUS ,the size of window opening is kept slightly more than the frame size so as to allow some clearance between two .

The window is fixed into the opening only after masonary and lintel work is over and fully set.

METAL WINDOW

They are more stronger and durable as compared to wooden windows .

They are not subjected to expansion and contraction of joints.

They are rot-proof , termit proof, highly fire resistance.

Presents better elegance and smooth finishing

The cost is negligible thus proves economical.

ADVANTAGE S OF METAL WINDOW

BAY WINDOW

The window projecting outward from the external wall line. Wide and decoratively impressive allow for 180 degree view.

A multi panel window, with at least three panel set at different angles to create an extension from the wall line.

It is commonly use in cold country where snow often falls.

They may be triangular , circular , rectangular, or polygonal in plan.

BAY WINDOW

CLERESTORY WINDOW

These are provided to permit light and ventilation to a room having more height than the adjoining rooms or when ventilation is restricted.

Generally , provided near the top of main roof and they open above the slab of adjoining rooms .

The shutters are generally pivoted at centre. The shutter can be opened or closed by means of

two chords , each attached to the rails of shutter. The shutter must swing in such a way that the

upper part opens inside the room and lower part opens outside , to exclude rain water.

CLERESTORY WINDOW

CORNER WINDOW

These are provided at the corner of the room . Light and air is admitted from two direction.

The jamb post at the corner is made of heavy section.

CORNER WINDOW

DORMER AND GABLE WINDOW

The window provided at the dormer end and gable end of the sloping roof to provide light and ventilation to enclosed space below the roof.

DORMER WINDOW AND GABLE WINDOW

AWNING WINDOW

These are hinged at the top and open outward.

They are designed to provide ventilation without letting in rain, etc.

These windows can be used alone or in vertical or horizontal groups in combination with additional awning window , other types of window or above doors.

AWNING WINDOW

SKYLIGHT

These are fixed windows on the slopping roofs. Admit natural light and help distribute light more

evenly throughout the room and consider an energy saver feature.

The opening for window is made by cutting common rafters. The frame work consist of trimming pieces , curb frames , bottom rail and top rail. The opening is treated with lead flashings to ensure water proofing.

Sky lights may be plastic or glass , fixed or operable , and made in any number of sizes and styles.

SKY LIGHT

FANLIGHTS

The small window or ventilator fitted above door or window frame separated by transom .

The function is to ensure cross ventilation in room even if door or windows are closed. They also assist in admitting natural light.

FANLIGHTS

VENTILATOR

It is narrow window of small height fitted near the root of a room for ventilation

Construction is similar to the fanlight They are horizontally pivoted.

VENTILATOR

THANKYOU

- MANISHA AGARWAL