Sustainable Design of a Commercial Building

Sustainability Design Challenge

Team ChingariDhruv Gulati

Neelotpal Shukla

Nijansh Verma

PHILOSOPHY

The design philosophy and general overview

Design Philosophy

• Practicality

• System design, not component design. The

system as a whole should be sustainable

and energy efficient.

• Efficiency of the design allows for the

resolution of all possible issues however,

trade-off guidelines have been provided to

resolve conflicts.

BUILDING UNIT

Details about the structure and salient features

8 – House

The building units that will be used are 8

Houses, designed by Bjarke Ingels, founding

partner of the Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG).

Original Design

Residential space – 61,000 m2

Retail space – 10,000 m2

8 – House

The building units that will be used are 8

Houses, designed by Bjarke Ingels, founding

partner of the Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG).

Proposed Solution

Retail space – 61,000 m2

Office space – 10,000 m2

8 – House Details

10 FloorsParking: Basement

3335 m2

Footprint

1000 m2

Area Available for

Rainwater Harvesting

2000 m2

Total rooftop area

for Solar Paneling

Solution Proposal

26 Large spaces

25m X 21m per floor available

on 3 floors.

104Small spaces

15m X 5m per floor available

on 7 floors.

10Cafeterias/

Lounges

Located in the

knot of each floor

Salient Features

• The primary structure has been constructed using a modified concrete mix. A large portion of the fine aggregates in the mix have been substituted by crushed plastics from PET bottles and coconut fibres which are locally available in abundance.

• The walls have been constructed with a cavity of 8 cm. in between two layers of concrete.

• Solar energy powered street lights.

• Pervious concrete pavements.

DRAWINGS AND MODELS

Site plan, sections, floor plans and 3-D models

Site Plan

Prevailing wind direction in Chennai during the summer months of June and July is SW. Secondary winds are received from the South or SW direction during the months of March, April and May.

Section along length

Staggered design which allows for

maximum possible daylight penetration

Section Along A Wing

Retail

Spaces

Office Spaces

Parking

Floor Plan – Office Spaces

Floor Plan – Retail Spaces

3-D Model – Building

3-D Model

Corner Office Space

3-D Model

Cafeteria

LIGHTING

Calculations for natural and artificial lighting

Overview

• The Small units are present on higher floors where enough

sunlight can reach and therefore, 50% of the demand has

been met through natural lighting design while the

remaining has been met through artificial sources.

• Demand from Large units met entirely through artificial

sources.

• Luminaires use 3M LED Advanced Lights fittings.

http://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/LEDAdvancedLight/Home/Retail/

Artificial Lighting

Design procedure mentioned in SP: 32 followed.

Establishment of

Requirements

Luminaire Output

Characteristics

Calculation of Room Indices

Calculation of number of luminaires

Power input: 34 W

Initial illumination

output: 1800 lumens

Large: 11.41

Small: 3.75

Large: 228

Small (till 8th): 17

Small (9th and 10th): 34

Large: 500 lux

Small (till 8th):

250 lux

Small (9th and

10th): 500 lux

Natural Lighting

Design procedure mentioned in IS 2440 – 1975 followed.

Establishment of Requirements

Calculation of Daylight Factor

Calculation of Number of

Fenestrations

Small (till 8th):

250 lux

Small (9th and

10th): 500 lux

Small (till 8th):

3.125

Small (9th and 10th):

6.25

Small (till 8th): 2

Small (9th and 10th): 3

Fenestration size of 1.5m X 1.5m and testing point 3m on the horizontal plane at

sill height of 1m considered for calculation purposes.

Other Features

Accent and Egress lighting. Calculations for these not included in the artificial lighting section.

Other Features

Exterior Light Shelves in Hallways

AIR CONDITIONING

Calculations for heat gain and no. of conditioning units

required

Heat Gain

The design procedure mentioned in SP: 32 followed.

Heat Gain


Solar Heat Gain

4350 kWArtificial Heat Gain

3525.6 kW

Heat Gain


Solar Heat Gain

4350 kWArtificial Heat Gain

3525.6 kW

Total Heat Gain

7875.6 kW

Conditioning Units

Bluestar s Modular

Outdoor Units

IVRF – 16T have been used as the choice of

air – conditioning units.

Conditioning Units

BTU/h value of

153540 for cooling.

Bluestar s Modular Outdoor Units



Conditioning Units

No. of units required = 175

Bluestar s Modular Outdoor Units



BTU/h value of

153540 for cooling.

ENERGY

Sources of energy and embodied energy

Primary Source

Molten Carbonate

Fuel Cells that run on digester gas and are

capable of producing

700 kW.

Primary Source

4 units and

8 working hours,

total energy produced:

22400 kWh

Molten Carbonate



700 kW.

Primary Source

Capable of meeting energy demands by itself.

4 units and

8 working hours,

total energy produced:

22400 kWh

Molten Carbonate



700 kW.

Secondary Source

Solar Photo

Voltaic panellingTotal energy produced by

2000 m2of Solar PV panels

operating at 12% efficiency:

1076.4 kWh.

Secondary Source

Capable of meeting

89% of demand working alongside

3 MCFC units.

Solar Photo




1076.4 kWh.

Secondary Source

Capable of meeting

89% of demand working alongside

3 MCFC units.

Can be used to provide power to critical

systems at all times.

Solar Photo




1076.4 kWh.

Embodied Energy

Embodied energy of materials

and construction per square

foot of construction is

specified to be

1640 MBTU/ft2

for office buildings.

Embodied Energy

15% decrease is expected since a large

portion of the cement in

concrete has been

replaced by plastics and

coconut fibres.



concrete has been


coconut fibres.




specified to be

1640 MBTU/ft2


Embodied Energy

The estimated embodied energy of the 8 – House is

1,065,350,560 MBTU.



concrete has been


coconut fibres.




specified to be

1640 MBTU/ft2


WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste management technology and calculations

Liquid Waste Management

Assuming a demand of

55 lpcd and 85% conversion to waste, the

total waste generated =

56,100 litres/day.

Liquid Waste Management

Can very easily be met by a product

Headworks Integrated

Treatment* (HIT)

System™ developed by

Headworks BIO that has a capacity of

100,000

litres/day.

*HIT system is an MBBR.

Assuming a demand of

55 lpcd and 85% conversion to waste, the

total waste generated =

56,100 litres/day.

COSTS

Construction, finishing, servicing costs and comparison

Construction Cost

The cost of concrete for

casting floor slabs,

beams, columns, piles

and pile caps is

INR 5.45 crores.

Approximately 19,000

m3 of concrete used.

Construction Cost

Excavation costs for

approximately

11,000 m3 of soil is

13.7 lakhs.

The cost of concrete for

casting floor slabs,

beams, columns, piles

and pile caps is

INR 5.45 crores.

Approximately 19,000

m3 of concrete used.

Coconut Timber Flooring for Office Spaces

Versacork™ for

Bathroom Flooring

Strandwoven™ Timber for Cafeteria Flooring

Textura™ Walls

Interior Finishing - Cost

A net cost of INR 4.3 crores has been incurred

in providing finishes to the floors and walls.

Space Area (m2) Material Unit Cost (INR/m2) Cost (INR)

Floor 10000 Coconut timber 2250 22500000

Walls 21528 Textura 475 10225800

Cafeteria 2000 Strandwoven timber 2500 5000000

Washrooms 2500 Versacork 1750 4375000

Total 36028 42100800

Infrastructure Cost

Item/Facility Nos. Unit Cost Cost

3M LED Advanced Lights 219648 895 196584960

SGG Planitherm 2054 1675 3440450

Bluestar IVRF– 16T 175 76880 13454000

MCFC 4 1981000 7924000

Solar PV panels 1075 8000 8600000

HIT system 1 630000 630000

4CH Channel CCTV DVR H.264 Network Digital

Video Recorder 250 2950 737500

SONY CCD 480 TVL CCTV Dome 24 IR Security

Camera 1000 900 900000

Communication Network 1 2500000 2500000

Miscellaneous 1 10000000 10000000

Total 244770910

Total cost incurred is INR 24.5 crores.

This is 43% of the total project cost.

Energy Audit

After considering a 65%

installation/labour cost,

the total cost of the

building comes out to

be INR 56.6 crores or

INR 7965.65per square meter.

Energy Audit

This is only

40% of the conventional

building cost.

After considering a 65%

installation/labour cost,

the total cost of the

building comes out to

be INR 56.6 crores or

INR 7965.65per square meter.

Energy Audit

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

Conventional Design

8 - HouseLighting

HVAC

Construction

Energy

Waste

Other

Unit Conventional Design 8 - House % Improvement

Lighting 7750 2768 64

HVAC 190 190 0

Construction 927 788 15

Energy 262 233 11

Waste 9 9 0

Other 10862 3977 63

Total 20000 7965 60

Checklist

Provide office spaces. Required: 20 m2, provided: 60 m2.

Provide cafeterias. Required: 1500 m2,provided: 2000 m2.

Provide gardens. 2 gardens each of 500 m2 have been provided.

Total plot area is 7000 m2. The footprint of the building is 4335 m2. This is

marginally over the limit at 61.9%. However, 1000 m2 is in the form of gardens,

the concrete footprint of the building is only 47.6% of the plot area.

Provide site plan, floor plan and elevations.

Prepare a 3-D model on software of choice.

Provide energy calculations showing difference in energy.

Include embodied energy in calculations and comparisons.

References

• http://www.nrel.gov/hydrogen/proj_fc_systems_analysis.html

• http://www.bluestarindia.com/products/central-acs/vrf-acs-sys-inverter.asp

• http://www.headworksinternational.com/biological-wastewater-

treatment/compact-wastewater-treatment.aspx

• http://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/LEDAdvancedLight/Home/Retail/

• http://www.sustainableflooring.com/

• http://www.thegreenestbuilding.org/

• http://www.calculator.net/concrete-calculator.html

THANK YOU

Questions?