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SPECIMINA NOVADISSERTATIONUM EX INSTITUTO

HISTORICO UNIVERSITATIS Q UINQUEECCL ESIENSIS

DE IAN O PANNONIO NOMINATAE

APecsi

Janus Pannonius Tudomanyegyetem Torteneti Tans^ekenek.

EVKONTVE1989

Redactio: Janus Pannonius Tudomdnyegyetem Tandrk6pz<5 Kar Tortdnettudom Snyi Tanszdk H - 7624 P6cs Dam janich u. 30.Tel.: 72/10 055

Term inus inm ittendarum in redactionem dissertationum : Kalendis Novembribus

Specim ina nova in com m erciali usu inveniri non possunt sed per com m utationem :

Janus Pannonius TudomSnyegyetem Egyetemi Konyvtdr H - 7641 Pdcs Leonardo da Vinci u. 1-3.Tei.: 72/25 466

SPECIM INA NO V A D ISSERTATIO N U M

EX IN STITUTO H ISTO R IC O U N IV ERSITA TIS Q U IN Q U EEC C LESIEN SIS

DE IANO PAN NO NIO NOM INATAE

PARS PRIM A

A PfiCSI JANUS PANNO NIUS TU D O M A N Y EG Y ETEM

TO R TEN ETT U D O M A N Y I TA N SZfiK EN EK EVK O N Y V E

1989

SPECIMINA NOVA UNIVERSITATIS QUINQUEECLESIENSIS 1989

is t v An t o t h

TH E REMAINS OF THE CULT OF MAGNA MATER AND ATTISIN PANNONIA(CATALOGUE)

Among all the Oriental cults having taken a prominent part in the religious life of ancient Pannonia the remains concerning the worship of Cybele and Attis have been paid the smallest attentionup to present days. While the relics of the different gods of Egyptian origin, as well as those of the cults of Mithras or Jupiter Dolichenus,were the target of many catalogue-like publications, the systematic collection of the remains related to the adorationof the Godmother coming from Asia Minor, and of her self-mutilatinglover has never been carried out.

Naturally all the Pannonian remains within reach at that time were surveyed by H. G r a il l o t ’s monumental work (p. 486 f. Anm. 1-2.) at the beginning of the century, but this review, mainly due to the incompleteness of the Hungarian publications issued occasionally — was very incomplete. Few of the stone monuments that can be connected to the cult were mentioned, restricted by the scope of his work, by A. Sc h o b e r ’s corpus of tombs (Die rOm. Grabsteine von Noricum und Pannonien. Wien 1923.) too, including many, theoretically also important remarks on the portrayal of sepulchral Attis, as well as on some of the other representations of tomb-symbolic in this field. A sketchy, but rather deficient and incomplete catalogue of remains was published in two theses (R. M a r iC, Antitki kultovi u naSoj zemlji. Beograd 1933, and Ve id in g e r ), both dealing with the Oriental religions of Pannonia as a whole. In 1962 Z. KAd Ar ’s brief survey, Die kleinasiatisch-syrischenKulte zur ROmerzeit in Ungarn, appeared as the 2nd volume of the series EPRO of Leiden, but this work, as indicated by its title too, dealt with nothing more but a small proportion of ancient Pannonia’s territory. Beyond all that, among the remains of the cult of Magna Mater the sepulchral ones, as well as most of the stone monuments of this kind, were totally omitted by KAd Ar . — A few years later a summary of the relics found on the territory of todays Slovenia, also including some of the sites of Pannonia, was publishedby R. M. Sw o b o d a . (BJ 169.1969.169 ff) — P. Se l e m ’s excellent catalogue (Les religions...) on the remains of the Oriental religions of Pannonia’s territory between the rivers of Drava and Sava, naturally including the relics of the cult of Magna Mater and Attis, was published, too, in the series of EPRO. The relics are systematically

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listed here, in the form of a catalogue, reflecting the newest editorial policy of EPRO. A ttentionis paid to the so-called small relics as well.

However, even KAdAr’s and Sel e m ’s work taken together does not mean that all the remains of Magna Mater- Attis’s adoration concerning the greatest part of Roman Panno- nia’s former territory have been collected since, due to the two decades between the publication of the volumes, as well as to the extremely different editorial policy of the catalogues, the relics known from the two territories differ a lot,both in their quantity and quality.

On the one hand all the relevant relics known from the whole territory of ancient Pannoniaare taken intoaccount in the followingcatalogue— representing the preliminary study of a longer work —, on the other hand the group of remains to be taken into considerationis indicated on the basis of a consistent viewpoint.

The guidelines for making a choice were the following:A) All the epigraphic relics dedicated to the name of Magna M ater were included in

the catalogue, even if representinga unique name of the Goddess not to be found anywhere else (No. 5), or if it can be taken to refer to the Goddess cult only indirectly, by analogies (No. 8). — No epigraphic inscriptions with Attis’ name are known from Pannonia.

B) A lltherepresentationsofM agna Mater were included in the catalogue,regardless of their size or m aterial. Also the objects depicting any of the characteristic cult-objects of the mysteries of the Goddess (e.g. the Phrygian double aulos: No. 29) were included in the catalogue, even if their relation to the cult is uncertain.

C) All the representations of the sculptures of Attis were included in the catalogue, also the depictions otA ttis tristis on the tombstones. — This requires an explanation. The fact that these relics represent an integral part of the remains of the cult was still obvious for G r a il l o t . Later, research has been dominated — most of all under A Sc h o b e r ’s influence — by the view, according to which the figure of Attis tristis, usually appearing in twos on the tombstones, had already borne no religious meaning, thus had been carved out only as a figure of decorative function. In spite of this, in many cases the catalogues resembling the present one, were edited in a contradictory way: although the above mentionedrelics were excluded with making exceptions ina few cases. (SELEM211.Nr. 19.; 275 f. Add. Nr. 2.= here Nos. 115-116.) However, numerous tombstones with sepulchral representations of Attis have been included by M. J. Ver m a se r e n , in his monumental corpus of the relics of the cult. (CCCAIII-IV. passim)

Beyond all that, I think there is not enough evidence to exclude certain objects from the group of remains, even if the argument of Schober and of his followers, according to which this group of representations fulfilled the mere function of decoration, is taken for granted. It seems to be necessary to present the following 3 arguments in support of this opinion:

(1) The tomb, like the tombstone attached to it, bore a par excellence religious meaning in ancient times — (comp. A. Brelic h , Aspetti della morte nelle inscrizioni sepolcrali dell’Impero Romano. Bp. 1937. Diss. Pann. I: 7. p. 76 ff.) That’s why no

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portrayals could have been represented on the tombstone, not even with the bare purpose of a so called decorative function, without conveyinga religious message at the same time. This message may have been on the wane during the provincial circumstances of the 2nd and 3rd centuries, the owners of the tombstones may not have been initiated into the mysteries of Cybele and Attis. On certain territories these tombstones may have been mass-produced, according to fixed patterns. Still, those who have ordered the tombstones, would not have erected for themselves or for the members of their family a tombstone with a decoration contradictory to their own beliefs of the other world. (Setting a trivial modern example: walking in the cemetery of a modern city of mixed religions you can be sure that those, who were buried under tombstones with a cross were neither Jews nor Muslims but Christians,—you may not be able to judge whether the person buried under the cross was a devout believer or just the opposite, it remains a question whether he belonged to the Roman Catholic or to the Greek Orthodox Church, or whether he was a Lutheran, that’s all. Continuingthe modern example: concerning the towns of the Great Hungarian Plain, those who were buried in a tomb with a cross could have belonged to nothingelse but the above mentioned three congregations for sure, they could not have been e.g. Calvinists or Unitarians.) For this reason I think, that in ancient thinking the religious meaning, the image of the other world represented by the figure of Attis killing himself for the love of the goddess Cybele, who possesses destructive power, could not have been unfamiliar for the one who was buried under a tombstone decorated by an Attis funeraire (Comp. A. Br e l ic h in : Laur. Aqu. I. Bp. 1937. Diss. Pann. II: 10. 132 f.)

(2) The fact, that in the whole empire an important part of the representations of Attis appear on such objects of decorative function— appliquL handles of carafe — in the case ofwhich their culticpurposecannotbe separated from their decorative function,alike to the case of the figures of Attis Tristis carved on tombstones, seems to me, too, an important point of argument. In case Sc h o b e r ’s suggestion (op. cit. p. 213.), according to which the duplication of the figure turns its representation towards its mere decorative function, is agreed to, the tripus from Zomba (No. 109, comp, also with No. 55) the legs ofwhich are decorated by three tristis protomb, or any othersubjects fulfillingthe purpose of appliqub, should be excluded from the group of remains. (Not to mention the fact how wrong and unsystematicalit would be to enter e.g. the head of Attis from Brigetio into the catalogue, which does not reveal by itself, but by compared to the tripus from Zomba, that originally it had been the only appliqufeto remain from the same kind of a tripod!)

Finally (3), the fact that these simple carving carry a lot of valuable iconographic information, which can be used with good reason by the interpretation of the god’s representations,also seems to be an im portantpointof argument for taking the depictions of Attis funeraire into account.

D) From the group of the so-called small remains the pine-cone-shaped night-lights have been taken into account, since they had served the cult both in case of their sepulchral and sacrificial usage. At the same time the supplementaryobjects decorated by pine-cones (e.g. hairpins made of bone) have not been taken into consideration, since the possible

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religious meaning attached to them is very doubtful. (Anyhow, the collection of the small objects concerned, could be nothing more but an illusion on the present stage of publication.)

In connection with the pine-cone, applied as a symbol, it has to be noted, that the tombstones on which this symbol appears by itself — namely without any other sign indicating the adoration of Cybele-Attis have not been taken into consideration I can offer the following reason for marking this distinction:The pine-cone, as the symbol of new life springing from decay, appearing on a tombstone could have recalled nothing more but a general image by itself, without the concrete manifestationof a religious content, (Cf. Fr. Cu m o n t Recherches sur le symbolisme funferaire des Romains. Paris 1942, passim.)

E) The so called ’sacrificial’ scenes often represented on Pannonian tombstones/mve not been entered into the catalogue. (In connection with them as a summary see: A., SZ. Bu r g e r : Aldozati jelenet Pannbnia k5eml6kein. R£g. FUz. II: 5.; further examples an interpretations: G. E r d £l y i: A r6mai kOfaragds 6s k5szobrdszat Magyarorszdgon. Bp. 1974.107 f.) Although the connectionof this group of remains with the cult of Cybele-At- tis can be presumed, it cannot be proven at all. The detailed analysis of the relevant questions would have outgrown the narrow range of the present work. (It is worth mentioning, that Fr. Cu m o n t had already noticed the relation between the relevant remains and the Oriental religions still researchers later on have hardly paid any attention to these remains.) Those two reliefs formed an exception within this group of remains (No. 60. Tata and No. 104. Intercisa), which, in my opinion, belong to the sepulchral relations of the cults of Asia-Minor without any doubt, because of other connections.

F) Those well-knowntombstonegables with lions,whichseem to have been connected to Oriental piety without doubt, although it is very uncertain to which particular cult they should be referred to, are published in an appendix. (See the Appendix on details of the relevant questions.) The essential symbolic meaning of the objects in question— the figure of lions lacerating the head of a ram — suggests, that these remains can certainly be referred much more to the cult of Cybele and Attis (alike to Sc h o b e r , op. cit. 214.), than to the Egyptian religions, on the strength of a ’Serapis-mask’, supported by an idea, that recently spread.

Otherwise, these tombstone-gables, in my opinion, belong to the circle of such a peculiar sepulchral syncretism, which drew the motives of its representations from the symbol-circle of more Oriental cults, and which prover, that for religious consciousness of the provincial society of the imperial Roman period not so much the peculiarity of certain Oriental cults (or: mysteries) was im portant,but the new content represented by them, on the strength of a very similar discipline: that of the resurrection, the image of a new life after death, in oppositionto the Roman beliefs. From this point of view, for a Pannonian citizen of the 2nd and 3rd centuries—it seems — the idea itself was much more important, than the fact, by which of the Hellenistic religions (or: mysteries) it had actually been transferred to him.

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G) The question of theophor names, which might be connected to the cult of Cybele and Attis, represents a special, contradictory problem in Pannonia. In connection with these names, both G r a i l l o t and H ep d in g (Attis, seine Mythen und sein Kult. Giessen 1903,126. ff.) have already noted the fact, that plenty of such personal names had been formed from both of Cybele’s and — most of all — Attis’ names, indicating the close connectionbetween the bearer of the name and the cult in the Greco-Romanworld. It was R. T u r c a n , who has recently published his opinionon this subject, (Les religions de l’Asie dans Vallte du Rhone. EPRO 30. Leiden 1972. 53. f.) describing the names o iA(t)tius, Attinus etc. as evidently of a theophor character. T u r c a n ’̂ ideas have been repeated by P. S e lem , too, who ranks the names under discussion—somewhat in a contradictory way — among the relics of the cult, in the South-Pannoniangroup of remains. Two essential facts are to be noted in connection with the subject:

1) Thev4r-, Att- stems, so common in Celtic naming, have nothing to do right with Attis’ name, for this reason the Celtic names formed out of them cannot be counted among the remains of the cult (comp. H o ld e r , AltceltischerSprachschatz. Leipzig 1986.1. 272. ff.). This naming of Celtic origin frequently appears both in Pannonia and in its nearby territories (North Italy, Noricum, Dalmatia) (A. M Ocsy, Die BevOlkerungvon Pannonien bis zu den Markomannenkriegen. Bp. 1959. 165.) thus the names concerned cannot be included into the scope of our investigationwithout any other considerations (comp. e.g. S e lem , Les religions 202., below, in connection with the inscription No. 9. = CIL III 10848.).

2) A fundamental difference is also indicated by the duality of nomen gentile and cognomen in Roman naming of the period of the Roman empire. In the case of nomen gentile, being an inherited or assumed name-element, the meaning of the name is not of much importance. (Especially if in a given case, the name shows the above mentioned Celtic linguistic connections.) Yet, the cognomen may — except for a Celtic linguistic environment — point to the bearer’s or to his family’s religious relationship. (Comp.: I. T 6 th , Studia Aegyptica 3. 1977.150.)

The principle, according to which the personal name by itself has never been taken as the proof of a connection with the cult, has been followed — because of the complexity of the problems indicated above — in the following catalogue. Still, in case of other signs appearing on the object in question (e.g. the depictionoL4m'.j tristis, comp. e.g. No. 9.75),the fact of naming has been taken into account as a separate, positive fact.

*I have made every effort to be as exhaustiveas possiblewhile compiling the catalogue.

Among the museums within reach I suffer from a deficiency only in case of Aquincum Museum (Budapest): namely here, in thecollectionof stonework-findsunder sorting, there may have remained such an object — a broken tombstone, or any other portrayal of Attis funeraire—which may have escaped my attention.Otherwise, from the museums of former Pannonia I had not had the opportunity to visit the ones, which can be found on the

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territory of todays Austria, thus the description of the remains stored there is based only on data of literature.

The catalogue is arranged in the following way:The number of entry is ensued by the naming of the object, by the determination of

its material and by its dimensions. A dash is followed by the place where the object was found, in a few cases the circumstances of discovery are added, too, the date when it came to light, — then comes the present guarding place and the data of Inv.-No. In case of lost, latent, or destroyed pieces, the last storing place, or an old inventory data substitutefor the latter one. I have referred to the provenance-piecesof the collectionin case of remains with an uncertain place of discovery, which was omitted in case of pieces of certain places of find.

The order of the sites proceed one another from South to North, or from East to West, separating the sites of the two Pannonian provinces. Since the border between Pannonia Superior and Pannonia Inferior had been changed many times during the centuries, or since many parts of this border are under debate by research, of the history of administration— and since I do not take myself competent enough for taking any side in the argument in the present work — the situation before and after the alteration of the border during Caracalla in 214 have been presented separately, also including the literary data of the views opposing each other concerning the changes. (J. F it z , Alba Regia 14. 1975. 351 ft.; 16. 1978. 71 ff.; A. M6CSY, Arch. firt. 103. 1976. 29 ff.) - For the sake of completeness, Emona, together with its surroundings was reckoned among the relics of Pannonia Superior, although both this city and its territory were joined to Italy early. (Comp.: J. Sa Se l , RE Suppi. XI, 540.; A. M 6 csy , Pannonia and Upper Moesia. London 1974.94.)

The dating of remains was suggested only in those cases, when it seemed to be well-founded on the strength of either direct or indirect data.

Those remains, which have been excluded from the group of relics in contrast to the opinion of earlier research, were always listed together with the sites, but without any numbering, separating them from the numbered relics by a star (*).

PANN ONIA SUPERIOR

IG

1 Tomb-altar in limestone. H. 88, W. 62, D. 40 cm. — Found: Ig, during the groundwork of the chapel of Sonegg manor, before 1876. — Narodni Muzej, Ljubljana, Inv.-No. 120.

Bibi.: CIL III 107738.cf. p. 232826. - A. MOLLER, Emona. Arch. Studienaus Krain. Laibach 1879. No. 7. - Arch. Ep. Mitt. 5(18881) 125. - Wa ltzin g , Corporations III. 104. No. 329. - G r a il l o t , 487. - Ve id in g e r No. 207. - R. Ma r iC, Antitki kultovi u naSoj

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zemlji. Beograd 1933. 78. - AIJ I. 127,- R. M. Sw o bo d a , BJ 169 (1969) 196. No. 1. - Se l e m , Les religions 196. f. No. 1. PI. XXXII.C(aius) Bassidius C(ai) f(ilius) Cl(audia tribu) / Secundus aed(ilis) i(ure) d(icundo) / bis q(itaestor)p(eciiniae)p(itbIicae)II viri(iire)d(icundo) pair (onus)/ coll{egii)dendrofo(rum) /5 praefectus et / patronus coll (egii) / centonariorum I II vir i (u re) d(icundo) q(uin)g(iienna- lis). "Weihinschriff Sw o b o d a , by mistake.2: ND ligature9: qu(in)q{uennalis) Selem , wrongly.

The remain judging from the detailed name, the indicationof the tribus, can be dated back to the 1st, maybe to the first part of the 2nd century. (Comp.: A. MOcsy , Die BevOlkerungvon Pannonienbis zu den Markomannenkriegen.Bp. 1959.)

N O V O M E S T O

2 A pine-cone-shaped night-light. Yellow terracotta. L. 7.2, D. 4.2, H. 4.4 cm. — Narodni Muzej, Ljubljana, Inv.-No. 1572

Bibl.: IvAnyi 3694. Taf. LIV, 10A suspension handle in front of the vent-hole. — Similar night-lightsare also known

from Italy. An example from Ostia: M. F. Sq u a r c ia pin o ,I cultiorientaliin Ostia. Leiden 1962.17. No. 4. - V er m a se r e n , CCCA III. 436. PI. CCLXXV.

EMONA (Ljubljana, Laibach)

3 Altar in marble. H. 48, W. 24 cm. — Site: Among the foundationsof a house beside the bridge in St. Jakobsplatz, 1898. — Narodni Muzej, Ljubljana, Inv.-No. 46.

Bibl.: CIL III 14354,- Argo 6(1898) 72. - Pr e m e r st e in -R u t e r , R5m. Strassen und Befestigungen in Krain. Wien 1899. 38. No. 3. - G r a il l o t , 487. - R. Ma r iC, Antitki kultovi 76. - V eid in g e r No. 208. - Sw o bo d a , BJ 169 (1969) 198. No. 3. Abb. 2. - V er m a se r e n , Cybele and Attis 143.- Selem , Les religions 197. No. 2. PI. XXXIII.

Its abacus as well as its sill has been cut away, its lower part is missing. Epitaph in a simple profiled frame:M(atri)d(eum) M(agnae) / Clddia / L(uci)f(ilia) / Clementi!/la.

On the strength of the nicely shaped letters and the apex applied in the word C16dia, the inscription can be dated back to the 1st century. C16dia Clementilla must be related to L. C16dius c.f. Vel(ina tribu) Alpinus and to his son C. C16dius L.f. Cla(udia tribu) Clemens, named on the epitaph No. CIL III 3838 = AIJ 152

4 Fragment of a small altar. Its lower piece missing. H. 29, W. 20 cm. — Site: Ljubljana, "auf dem deutschen Grund” (1888). — Narodni Muzej, Ljubljana, Inv.-No. 61.

Bibl.: CIL III 10764,- G r a il l o t 487. - Sw o bo d a , BJ 169 (1969) 197. Bd. 2. Abb. I. - Ve r m a se r e n , Cybele and Attis 143. - Selem , Les religions 199 f. Nr. 5. PI. XXXV.

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Fig. 1. C16dia Clementina’s altar from Emona (Kat.-No. 3.)

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4 Fragment of a small altar. Its lower piece missing. H. 29, W. 20 cm. — Site: Ljubljana, "auf dem deutschen Grand’ (1888). — Narodni Muzej, Ljubljana, Inv.-No. 61.

Bibi.: CIL III 10764.- G r a il l o t 487. - Sw o bo d a , BJ 169 (1969) 197. Bd. 2. Abb. I. - V e r m a se r e n , Cybele and Attis 143. - Selem , Les religions 199 f. Nr. 5. PI. XXXV.

Both abacus and sill unadorned. Epitaph in a simple lath frame:M(atri) Magn{ae) / \Pet]ronia / j? lngen\ua / -------

"Bruchsttick e iner Grabara" Sw o b o d a , by mistake.1st line: [Matr]iMagne(ae) Selem w ithoutany reason.3rd line: the addition is provisional,comp. A. M 6 csy , N om enclator 395 f.

Fig.2. Fragment of an altar from Emona (Kat.-No. 4.)

5 Limestone altar. H. 47, W. 40, Th. 26.5 cm. — Site: Ljubljana,"na Mirju", Haus VI. W. Schmid’s excavation in 1911, — Narodni Muzej, Ljubljana, Inv.-No. 83.

Bibl.: O. Cu n t z , Jb. f. Altertumskunde7(1913) 204. No. 10. Abb. 11. - V eid in g e r No. 209. - R. M a r iC, Antitki kultovi72 f. - AIJ 162., cf. SaSe l , IL Jug 1. p. 4*. - E.

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H o h l , Philol. Wochenschr. 62(1942) 26. - Sw o boda , BJ 169(1969) 198. Nr. 4. - Se l e m , Les religions 198. No. 3.

Simply profiled, with its left upper corner damaged.Orae{a)e / ex imp(erio) / M(atris) d(eum) M(agnae) / L( — )A( — )P( — ).1st line: it is considered to be a personal nam e by C u n tz : Oraeae falsely AIJ.;

Oraeae = 'Q p a i n = ’die SchOne’ AIJ, SELEM well-founded; Orae(a)e HOHL, S w o b o d a , S elem .

3rd line: M. D. M. the abbreviation of the inscriber’s name, AIJ; M(atri) d(eum, -eorum) M{agnae) CUNTZ, Ma r iC, Sw o bo d a , Selem .

4th line: l(ibens) c{nimo) p(osuit) unanimously.

Fig. 3. Altar from Emona dedicated Orae(a)e (Kat.-No. 5.)

H o f f il e r ’s and Sariajs suggestion concerning the in terp re ta tionof the first line is totallysufficient:for the examples applied by them, see also H e pd in g 123. and G r a il l o t . The dedicationis certainly very rare: there have no epigraphical analogies been included in the volumes of CCCA (I-IV) up to now. Besides the unacceptable argum ent o f AIJ on the in te rp re ta tio n o f the 3rd line, I cannot even agree with reading the further parts as dativus: the reading o f genitivus is suggested by the text, on the grounds of bo th conten t and

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grammar. — However, concerning the 3 letters of the 4th line, either an expression less easily to be understood, or the initials of the inscriber’s name can be suspected.

The one who erected the altar must have been a person of Oriental origin or even a descent of Asia Minor by all means, judging from the Greek dedication, which invocates an aspect of the Goddess unknown in the Western territories. — The inscriptionhas been dated back to the time of the turn of the 1st and 2nd centuries, on the basis of the beautiful, properly shaped letters.

6 Stone remain with inscription.— Lost.Bibi.: CIL III 6474. - VEIDINGER Nr. 210. - AIJ p. 68.

M(atri?)d(eumT) s(acrum?) T(ito) Aurelio [------For the analogy of the dedication see e.g. CCCA III 290,342, etc.

7 Fragment of a board in limestone. H. 14, W. 14, Th. 13,— Site: Ljubljana, "na Mirju" Haus VIII. W. Schmid’s excavation (1911). —Lost.

Bibl.: Cu n t z , Jb. f. Altertumskunde 7(1913) 209. No. 15. - AIJ 167. mit Abb. (Z eichnung)- Sw o b o d a , BJ 169 (1969) 198. No. 5. - V er m a se r e n , CIMRM II. 1462.[----] M / [ Q]uartus/ [----1st line: \lnvicto) M(ithrae) or [M{atri)]M(agnae) CUNTZ, (AIJ), VERMASEREN.

Fig. 4. A fragment from Emona (Kat.-No. 7.)

The reasoning for the addition: "da der Raum ftir eine Formel von drei Buchstaben nicht ausreicht” (AIJ) is totally unacceptable, since the cognomen in the 2nd line could also have been preceded by a nomen gentile, or by a whole tria nomina. In this case the 1st line — even if set in a spaced type — have included an abbreviation of 3 letters. Thus the possiblevariationsofadditionare: [I(ovi)o(ptimo)\m(aximo), [.D(eo)i(nvicto)\M(ithrae), \M(atri)d(eum)\ M(agnae), etc.

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8 Fragment of an altar in limestone. H. 68, W. 46.5, Th. 33, Innerhight:4.5 cm. — Site: Ljubljana, "ria Mirju", W. Schmid’s excavation (1911). — Narodni Muzej, Ljubljana.

Bibl.: Cu n t z , Jb. f. Altertumskunde7(1913)202 f. No. 8. - AIJ 165. cf. - Sa Se l , IL Jug. 1, 316.- J . Kl e m e n c , Zgodvine Ljubljana 1(1955) No. 68.Vi\ribus] / L(ucius) Barbius / v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito).1st line: Vi[ris] Cu n t z , Vi[................... ] AIJ — But the photo (AIJ, Kl e m e n c )

published below, proves that the arrangement of the letters was neither symmetrical nor balanced. The mark of a curved letter, most probably of an S, is clearly visible at the end of the line in question (above the le tte rs of the word Barbinus). The addition suggested can be placed on the broken surface without any difficulties. — On the dedication: Viribus: cf VERMASEREN, CCCA III 313, IV 271, 272. On the religious background of the expression see: R. D u t h o y , The Taurobolium. Its Evolutionand Terminology (EPRO 10.) Leiden 1969.72 ff. loc. cit. furtherepigraphicexamples and litr.The Barbius family was of Aquileianorigin, comp.: H. G. PFLAUM, Rev. Arch. 1953.

72 ff.: J. S aS el, Eirene 5(1966) 117 ff. — About their role in Pannonia see: M 6 csy , Die BevOlkerung... 152.

9 Tombstone. H. 120, W. 60 cm. — Site: unknown (comp.: AIJ). — N&rodni Muzej, Ljubljana.

Bibl.: CIL III 3 5 5 3 .- A. MOLLNER.Emona. Arch. Studienaus Krain. Laibach 1979. No. 22. - AIJ 181. cf. - SaSel , IL Jug. 1. p 4. - Selem , Les religions 198 f. No. 4. Taf. XXXIV.

Square shaped tombstone with a gable on top. In the middle of the tympanon a rosette with six petals, two pine-cones beside. Next to the tympanon two dolphins. Inscription in a simple frame.D(is) M(anibus) s(acmm) / C(aius) Attius / Secundus v(ivus)f(ecit) / sibi et co(n)iugi /5 sua(e) et filio / Avito o(bito) an(norum)XV / AvitaSucessi (filia) o(bita) / an(norum )LXX Avitus / Aiconi (filius) o(bitus) an(norum) LX X X V /10 et Ostila Tertioli f(ilia) o(bita) an(noruni) LXV.3rd line: ND ligature,4th line: ET, NI ligature, co(n)iugi Selem w ithout any reason,5th line: ET ligature,6th line: AN ligature,7th line: Successi AIJ, Selem w ithout any reason,8th line: AN ligature,9th line: perhaps: Anconi(?) with an NC ligature, AN ligature,10th line: ET ligature, Ostilia AIJ, Selem without any reason, comp. SaSe l ,11th line: AN Ligature.

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Fig. 5. The Vir[ibus] altar from Emona (Kat.-No. 8.)In spite of the ambiguity of the nomen Attius (see: the introduction above) this

tombstone has been ranked among the remains of the cult of Magna Mater, on the basis of the decoration (pine-cone)concordantwith the nomen understoodas a theophorname. Just as Se l e m , loc. cit.

9A Jug-handle in bronze with the bust of Attis(?). — Arheoio'ski Muzej, Ljubljana, Inv.-No. 1977.

Bibl.: A. R adn6ti, A pannbniai r6mai bronzedfenyek. (Diss. Pann. 11:6.) Bp. 1938. 118. Anm. 24.

S I S C I A (Sisak, Sziszek)

10 Tombstone. — Lost.Bibl.: CIL III 10853. - T kalCiC, Pozor. Zagreb 1867. No. 9, - I. Ku k o u e v iC, Rad

JugoslovenskeAkademijaZnanostii Umjetnosti (Zagreb) 23(1873) 142 .- E. Ka l in k a - A. Sw o bo d a , Arch. Ep. Mitt. 13(1890)20. - G r a il l o t 487. - V eid in g e r No. 212. - B.

ViKit in: Ant. hr. Jug. No. 126. mit Abb. - Selem , Les religions 201 f. No. 8. - Comp, also AIJ p. 240: wrong data.Aurel(iae) Veneriae ob hon {orom) / et florem iuventu{tis) subit{a) / morte occupatae mi pient(issimae) / virginiP(ublius) Ael{ius) Iulianu{s) I5 exnum{ero) colleg(ii) dendro(pho- rum) / v(ivus) f(ecit)

On the basis of the name of Aurelia the inscription can be dated back to the second part of the 2nd century, or to the first part of the 3rd.

11 A head of Attis in bronze. H. 20 cm. — ArheoloSki Muzej, Zagreb, Inv.-No. 53. (bought in 1864)

Bibi.: Br u n Sm id , VHAD 13(1913)229. No. 53. - Lj. B. Po po v iC - D. M a n o Z isi

- M. V e l iCkov iC, Antitka Bronza u Jugoslaviji. (Greek, Roman and early Christian Bronzes in Yugoslavia)Beograd 1969.99. No. 126, —Ver m a se r e n , Cybele and Attis 143.- Selem , Les religions 90 f. No. 17.; 206 f. PI. XVIII.

Head of a young male turned towards the right a bit. The well-shaped, oval face is framed by the hair arranged in thick curls, divided into two parts in the middle. The pupils are indicated by deep holes, they had probably been inlaid with silver. Under the chin and on the neck a child’s fattish wrinkles. On the head a Phrygian cap with three fringes. They are decorated with trailers of plants, or with a spiral pattern. The decorationshad originally been plated with silver (Br u n Sm id ). The end of the material of the cap covers the back of the neck and leans forward a bit on both sides.

The sculpture ends in a rough part shaped like a wedge, no doubt with the purpose of being attached to the body made out of some other material, (wood, maybe stone)

The head was considered to be the head of Mithras both by Br u n Sm id and Po po v iC following him, V er m a ser en (who has not included it in his CIMRM either) talks about ’a wonderful bronze head of Attis from the 2nd century A. D.’. It is listed both among the remains of the cult of Mithras, and among that of Attis by Sel e m , with adding the followingremark: ’Cela dit, admettons qu’a dfefaut du corps et de ces attitudes caracteristi- ques. le tfete pourrait soit celle d’un Mithra, soit celle d’un Attis.’

In my opinion the sculpture can be taken as a head of Attis without any doubt, as suggested by the incisivelyyoung, childish face, the ornamented Phrygian cap, and by the whole design of the head. Namely, a standing figure in a weary posture is to be deduced from the position of the head and the neck. — On the evidence of the size of the head, the whole sculpture must have been 55-60 cm-s high.

12 Fragment of a sculpture of Attis in limestone. H. 35 cm. — Circumstances of discovery unknown. —ArheoloSki Muzej, Zagreb, Inv.-No. 16.

B ibi: Br u n Sm id . VHAD N. S. 7(1906-1907)222. No. 16. mit. Abb. - Se l e m , Les religions 202 f. No. 10.

The head and the r. side shoulder of the sculpture have remained. On the head a Phrygian cap, on the shoulder a gown gathered up with a round-shaped fibula. On the r. side of the cheek the trace of hand, which has broken off.

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The fragment is viewed as Cautopatesby Br u n Sm id , whereas Se l e m ’s reasoning is competent in this case: the posture of the figure resting on his elbow rather suggests a representation of Attis Tristis.

13 The statue of Attis in bronze. H. 9 cm. — ArheoloSki Muzej, Zagreb, Inv.-No. B.54.

Bibl.: Br u n Sm id , VHAD N. S. 13(1913-14)230. No. 54. - V e id in g e r No. 213. - Se l e m , Les religions 203 f. No. 11. Taf. XXXVI.

The feet and the upper part of the pedum are missing. Smooth back, very likely in order to be applied as an appliquh

En face posture, with his right leg stepping forward a bit. Head turned a bit towards the r. The mask of a woman, no doubt of Cybele, in his upraised right. In his left a pedum leaning over his shoulder. His round face is framed by the hair arranged in regular curls, on the head a Phrygian cap. His Oriental clothing, gathered up with a round-shaped fibula on the neck-pieceand by a belt on the waist, is left open in front. Rollingcurves are formed by the wings of the clothingon both sides of the body. Anaxyrides on his legs. — The chest, the abdomen, and the lower parts of the body are naked, the mutilatedgenitaliaare clearly visible.

14 Statueof Attis in bronze. H. 10 cm. — ArheoloSki Muzej, Zagreb, Inv-No. B. 55.Bibl.; Br u n Sm id , VHAD N. S. 13(1913-14)230 No. 55. - V e id in g e r No. 213. - B.

V ikiC, in: Ant. br. Jug. 112. No. 176. mit Abb. - Ver m a se r e n , Cybele and Attis 143. - Se l e m , Les religions 204. No. 12. PI. XXXVI.

A figure facing the spectator, under his soles small square-shaped plates. He holds a large mask of a woman in his hand raised above his head. There is a diadem on it (Cybele). On his head a Phrygian cap. His Orientalclothing,gathered up witha belt on the waist, and a round-shaped fibula on the neck-piece, is open in front. Regular curves are formed around the body by the wing of the clothing floating around. On his feet anaxyrides. The chest, the abdomen, and the lower parts are unclothed, the mutilated genitalia are clearly visible.

15 A small statue of Attis in bronze. H. 5.6 cm .— ArheoloSki Muzej, Zagreb, Inv.-No.B 56.

Bibl.: Br u n Sm id , VHAD N. S. 13(1913-14)230. No. 56. - VEIDINGER No. 213. - Sel e m , Les religions 205. No. 23. Taf. XXXVI.

The figure of a child in a calm posture, with his 1. leg stepping a bit forward. Placed on small, flat base, standing in front of a pillar. His face is round, with his hair arranged in steady curls. His upraised r. is placed on top of the Phrygian cap. A pedum in his left stretching out, (its upper part is broken off.) His clothing, gathered up only by a round shaped fibula in front of the chest, and by a belt on the waist, is left open in front. His chest, abdomen, mutilated genitalia are naked.

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16 A small statue of Attis(?) in bronze. — ArheoloSki Muzej, Zagreb.Bibl.: Br u n Sm id , VHAD. N. S. 13(1913-14)217. Abb. 21. - R ein a c h , Rfepertoire

V. 182, 3. - Comp, also R. F leisc h er , Antike bronze Statuetten aus Carnuntum. Graz-KOIn 1966. No. 32.

Comp.: No. 42., below.

17 Fragment of a pine-cone-shaped night-light. Brown terracotta. H. 7 cm. —ArheoloSki Muzej, Zagreb.

Bibl.: IvAnyi 3696.Provided with a suspension-handle. Prominent concentric circles surrounding the

vent-hole.

18 Fragment of a pine-cone-shapednight-light.Brown-yellowishterracotta. Diam. 5 cm. — ArheoloSki Muzej, Zagreb.

Bibl.: IvANyi 3697.Provided with a suspension-handle.

*

The inscription No. CIL III 10 848 = AIJ 551, taken as a remain of the cult of Cybele-Attis by Se l e m , Les religions 202. No. 9„ has not been included in the catalogue. The nomen o f Attius cannot provide a sufficient basis for judging the religious affiliation of the acephalous inscription.—The night-light,on the discus of which B. V ikiC-Belan- tlfc VAM ZS. III. 5(1971) 155. No. 184. believed to have recognized the depictionof Isis, while Se l e m , Les religions 205 f No. 14. Abb. 4. viewed it as that of Cybele, has not been taken into account either. In my view, the representation allows neither of the interpreta­tions.

P O E T O V I O (Ptuj, Pettau)

19 Metroon. Spodnja Hajdina (Unter-Heidin)Bibl.: A bra m iC, FUhrer 25.,33. Abb 5. — B. Sa r ia , CZN 32(1937)27. — Sa r ia , RE

21(1951) 1181,— Se l e m , Les religions 216 f.20 The statue of Magna Mater in marble. FI. 104, W. 67, TH. 67 cm. — Spodnja

Hajdina, near to the mithraeum I. — Ioanneum, Graz (Lapidarium Schloss Eggenberg) Inv.-No. 62.

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Fig. 6. The cult-statuefrom Poetovio (Kat.-No. 20.)

Bibl.: Ab r a m iL, Fllhrer 25 ff. Abb. 6. - Ve id in g e r , No. 215. - H. Ke n n e r , JOAI 43(1958) 62. - R. M. SWOBODA, BJ 169(1969) 200 ff. No. 10. Abb. 3. - VERMASEREN, Cybele and Attis 143. - Selem , Les religions 200 ff. No,. 6. PI. XXXV.

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Goddess sittingon a low plinthos(H. 16 cm), on a throne wilh a high hack. Both the head of the goddess and the hack of the throne are broken off. On both sides of the goddess, on the throne itself, two lions, both broken off. The goddess is wearing a peplos fittingclose to the body, her cloak covering of her shoulders is falling down on both sides behind her arm. Its lower part pulled forwards under her arms, is plaeed in her lap. The ends of the cloak are reaching the steps of the throne between her legs. The lower part of her cloak is decorated by fringes.—The figure sittingstraight has her r. leg placed forward a bit. Her r. arm (broken off from the elbow) had originally been raised up a bit. The 1., which may originally have held the tympanon, (the hand and the attributeare missing here, too) used to lean against the upper thigh.

The details of the surface to survive—bear witness to a very defined sculptural work in spite of the considerable damage. According to the unanimous opinion of research, the statue represents nothing else but the central cult-imageof a metroon.

21 An altar in marble, 1. side damaged. H. 76, W. 42, Th. 3 0 ,1.hgh.: 43 -3 .5 cm. — Site:SpodnjaHajdina,p. No. 1072/2. Hausnummer32. (1958) —PokrajinskiM uzej,Ptuj.

Bibl.: I. M ikl, Ziva Antika 10(1960) 197. mit Abb,, the same, AV 11-12(1960-61)170 f .- G. ALFOLDI, Situla 8(1965) 104. No. 4. mit Abb. - An. £p. 1966, 298. - SaSel, IL Jug. 2,1138.[D(eae)? l\unoni / [,M(agnae)]d(eum)M(atri)/ [sac{rum)\AlbuciaT(iti)f(ilia) / [Ce]lerina /5 [. ] Albucius / T(iti)f(ilius) Rufus.2nd line: it must be: [T(itus)]

It can be dated back to the 2nd century, on the basis of the letter-shapesand of the detailed printout of the filiation.

The site of the statue of Cybele found at the beginning of the century cannot be identified with any of the sites listed on the basis of the latest topographicalnumbering, still this altar is likely to have come from the same sanctuary, the cult-image of which had been the huge statue.

22 A bust of Magna Mater, Marble. H. 57, W. 45 cm. — Site: Zgornji Breg, besides theN orthernw alloftheM ithraeum lll. (1913)—PokrajinskiMuzej,Ptuj, Inv.-No.RL301.

Bibl.: E. REISCH, JOAI 16(1913) 101., 104. - A b ra m iL, Ftlhrer 33., 188 ff. No. 252. Abb. 131. - R. M a r iC, Antitki Kultovi75. - Ve id in g e r No. 216. - R. M. Sw o b o d a , BJ 169(1969)202. No. 11. - Sel e m , Les religions201. No. 7.

The goddess is dressed in a plain peplos, dipped together on her shoulder, the shoulders and the upper arm are unclothed. The dress is arranged in V-shaped wrinkles on her breast. Her well-shaped, oval face is framed by stylized curls. On the head a coronet and a taenia. In the middle of the coronet a large gem. - Nose missing, the chin damaged.

According to A bram id s assum ption, the architecturalelem ents found together with the sculpture could have been the com plem ents of an aedicule, where the statue had been placed.

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Se l e m ’s remark is proper: les attributs caractdristiques de Cyb61e y fontddfaut’, This statue bears no connections to the Oriental shrine excavated at Spodnja Hajdina, not even by the place where it was found.

23 Fragment of a night-light,shaped like a pine-cone. Brown terracotta. H. 7.5, D. 4 cm. — PokrajinskiMuzej, Ptuj (old Inv.-No. 73.)

Bibl.: IvAny i 3695.*

The famous "Prangert” (CIL III 44069 = 10870: AIJ 389), and the tombstone pediments belonging to the same group of motives have not been counted among the remains. This representationis discussed as a scene of Cybele and Attis by Sc h o b e r , Die rOm. Grabsteine von Noricum und Pannonien. Wien, 1923. It has recently been convincingly identified as a depiction of Selene and Endymion by E. D ie z , JOAI 46(1961-63)50 ff. — The tombstone pediments with lions were listed here, too, by R. M. Sw o b o d a , BJ 1699(1969)202f. No. 12/a-g. On thesame questioncomp. also KAd a r 71 f. and Selem 208 f. I would rather view the relics of this kind — like in the case of Egyptian cults — as a separate category, as the remains of a special ’sepulchral sincretism’. Comp, the Appendix below.

ST. M A R T I N A. D. R A A B (Rfibaszentmdrton) (Jennersdorf,Burgenland)

24 A pillar-like statue. Attis. Steier marble. H. 83, W. cca 17, Th. cca 18 cm. —Stegersbach, GUssing, Heimat- u. Landesmuseum, Inv.-No. LM 249933.

Bibl.: M.-L. Kr Og e r , CSIR Osterreich 1/5. No. 3.A standing figure. On the chest wrinkles of a cloak thrown across, gathered up with

a ribbon. The lower part of the body is naked r. in front of the abdomen, 1. broken off.

S A V A R I A (Szombathely, Steinamanger)

25 The fragment of a board in white marble. H. 50, W. 38, Th. 14,1.hgh. 4-3 cm. — More specific circumstances of discovery unknown. — Savaria Mdzeum, Szombathely.

Bibl.: T. P .-B u o cz , Vasi Szemle 1963. Fasc. I. 75. - Die rdmischen Steindenkm'aler von Savaria. Hrsg. A. M 6CSY -T. SzentlPleky. Bp. 1971.114. Kat.-No. 145. Abb. 128. - RIU 108. - I. TOth , SEP Nro. 76. in: Savaria s. a.

The 1. lower corner of the stone tablet with a simple frame has remained: lex [voto or vi.suJ / Egnat(ius) [ sac(erdos)'!] / Matris [Magnae] / l(ocus)d(atus) d{ecuhomtm) d(ecreto)3rd line: the lower curve of the S is clearly visible.

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Comp.: RIV. [d(eum) M(agnae)I(deae)] with spaces, could have been on the missing part, too.

By completing the inscription the following guidelines are followed:a.) On the strength of the 1. d. d. d. formula, the inscription could not have belonged

to a tombstone for sure (like it was supposed by the authors of Die rtfm. Steindenkm'Sler), but it must have contained an offering of public purpose.

b.) The axis of the inscription can be defined on the basis of the last line, since it included nothingelse but the well-known formula of L.D.D.D. Thus, the 2nd and 3rd lines must have contained 14 and 12 letters.

c.) Matris (genitivus)in the 3rd line could have referred to nothingelse but the person — or his function — of the preceding line. Since at this point of the inscription the family relation of the word ’mater’ could not really offer a clear interpretation, Cybele’s Latin name is the most likely to be thought o f—The ex [voto] or ex [vt'su] addition of the 1st line can be brought in a perfect harmony with this explanation.

On the basis of the extremely rich comparative epigraphic material within reach (comp.: V e r m a se r e n , CCCA Vol. II1-IV. Indices s. v.) the name of sacerdos, or theat of any other cultic offices (archigallus, minister, timpanistraetc.) are the most frequent to appear as the part of such an expression, while the naming of a cult image (statua, imago etc.) is less often represented. In our case, by reason of the preceding line, only the former is to be taken into account.

26 Head with a Phrygian cap. Limestone, H.: 7.7, W. 5.5 cm. — Site: Szombathely,On the Eastern side ( opposite to the Iseum) of the wide road in front of the Iseum. — Savaria Mdzeum, Szombathely, Iseum.

Bibi.: Sz e n t lEleky T., A szombathelyi Isis-szentfely. - Das Isis-Heiligtum von Szombathely. Szombathely 1965. 28., 50. - Die rOm. Steindenkm'Mer von Savaria. Hrsg. T. SZENTLfELEKY - A. MOcsy , Bp. 1971,126. Kat.-No. 230. Abb. 186. - Z. KAdAr, s.p. 73. - I. T 6 t h , Acta Classica Univ. Sc. Debrecen. 13(1977) 65. - I. T 6 t h , in: luppiter Dolichenus tanulmanyok. Bp. 1976.93.

The head flat in the back, must have been broken off from a relief. The top of the Phrygian cap missing. The well-shaped oval face is framed by shoulder-length hair, the head leaning a bit towards the r. — Regarded as the head of Attis or Mithras by Sz e n t l Elek y , while as that of Attis by KAd a r . I used to look at it as a head of Mithras earlier, but it could rather have belonged to a standing figure by reason of the flat surface of the head’s back. Whether this standing figure had been that of Attis, or of any of the M ithraicdadophors cannot be decided for sure.

26A.: Jug-handle in bronze, with an Attis-protome.— Formerly: Fleissig collection, Budapest, Today: ?

Bibl.: A. R a d n 6 t i, A pannbniai r6mai bronzedfenyek. (Diss. Pann. 11:6) Bp. 1938. 130. Anm. 4., Taf. L, 7.

78

27 The remains of a place of sacrifice from the 4th cent. — Next to the Northern wall of the Iseum, at No. 18 I. ThOkOIy Str., Szombathely

Bibl.: V. LlPP, Arch. £ rt, 3(1870)43 f. - T. P.-Buocz, Savaria topogr&fi&ja. H. n. 6. n. [= Szombathely 1967.] 84. - I. T 6 t h , Arch. £rt. 102(1975)46 ff. - I. T 6 t h , Acta Arch. Hung. 28(1976)102 ff. - A. M 6 csy , loc. cit. 29(1977)396. - G. S. R. T h o m a s , Numen26 / / 231 ff.

The description of the find comes from V. L ipp , 1870:"... from the corner facing North, formed by two walls, the remains of animal-bones of 3 wagons were dug out first, most of all skulls of sheep, half-burnt. There was some wheat about of a gange (= cc. 60 1), half charred, lying on the rough mosaic floor that has remained in a decent completeness in the corner under the bones. A totally charred piece of a straw-mat in the size of about a half-foot was found under the wheat, too. Above all that, a small Roman sepulchral light and many small copper-coinsof Constantinushad been buried in the wheat as well.” — A brick with thebrand of M.R.S., some more small glass-ware, two terracotta jugs, one more lamp and two brand new gold coins were brought to light by the same excavation.

While making an attempt to understand the strange finds I have come to the conclusion, that the remains of an offering suddenly interrupted by an unexpected event came to light here. Judging from the dating-finds, the event can be dated back to the 2nd half of the 4th cent., between 352-374. In my explanation, by reason of the sheep-skulls,! drew the conclusion that the offering in question could have been a criobolium, while the site itself a Metroon or a Phrygianum.

The fact that the site can be found in the near neighborhood of the Iseum or Dolichenum, is of high importance. Further remains suggest that sanctuaries of other Oriental gods were situated in the area.

My idea was accepted with strong reservations by A. M 6 csy ("... nicht sicher zu deuten ist die Beschreibung eines alten Befundes..., den I. T6th for die Reste eines heidnischen Opfers im 4. Jh. halten will"), while the criobolium character of the interpretationwas questioned by Th o m a s , who suggested to connect the relic rather with the cult of Isis. His final conclusionis very illuminating,it is worth being quoted: "it is, of course, perfectly possible that tauroboliaand crioboliawere performed without the setting up of a monument to record the fact, though the im portantnatureof the ceremony would usually have demanded it, one would think. But withoutsuchepigraphicalevidence to help us, we are entirely left in the dark. And no such document supports to identify the Savarian sacrificial site so."

P I N K A F E L D (Pinkafo)

28 Pine-cone-shaped night-lightin bronze. L. 14, H. 7.4, Diam. 6.9 cm. — Burgenlan- disches Landesmuseum, Eisenstadt, Inv.-No. 609.

79

Bibi.: A. O h r e n b e r g e r , Katalog des Museums, Pinkafeld 1969.11. No. 18. - Die ROmer a. d. Donau. [Wien] 1973.270. Inv.-No. 7071. Abb. 2.It has three legs, and is provided with a suspension handle.

S C A R B A N T I A (Sopron,Odenburg)

29 The fragment of a stone-boardwithan inscription.Sandstone.H. 77. W. 106, TH. 14 cm. I.HGH. 5-4 cm.

Bibi.: D. G a b l e r , Arrabona 11(1969)29. No. 33. mit Abb. - RIU 200.The lower part of the inscriptionin a simple frame has remained:

/ Larcio Aucto / Larcio Saturnino I libertis v(ivis'!)2nd line: VR, NI ligature

Under the inscriptionthe two whistles of the Phrygian doubleaulos put across (tuba and lituus—■ falsely by G a b ler ). This double instrument bears a close connection to the rituals of the cult of Cybele, the remains of the cult frequently carry a representation like that. (In Pannonia: No. 87; In Italy e.g.: CCCA III. s. v.) On the basis of this fact the relics must be listed here, too. — The nature of the inscription— an epitaph, or an inscriptionof any other kind — cannot be clearly defined judging from the fragment.

30 Terracotta night-light.Light brown. L. 9, Diam. 6.4, H. 2.2 cm. — Liszt Ferenc Mdzeum, Sopron, (old Inv.-No. 10.)

Bibl.: IvAnyi 106. Taf. V, 7.On its discus a mask looking to the 1., in front a cornucopia with a bunch of grapes,

a tympanum behind. The same: No. 34.

A U A M L E I T H A B E R G E

31 Fragment of a sarcophagus’ front-side. White limestone. H. 90, W. 78.5, Th. 23, I.hgh. 8 cm. — KunsthistorischesMuseum, Wien, Antikensammlunglnv.-No. Ill 1088.

Bibl.: A. Sc h o b e r , JO aI 17(1914)Bbl. 242. - R. N o ll , Griechischeund lateinische Inschriften der Wiener Antikensammlung. Wien 1962. Nd. 328. - M.-L. Kr Og e r , CSIR Osterreich 1/3. No. 203.

The right side of the front-piece has remained. R. to the inscription the figure of sepulchral Attis in a simple frame. Steppingtowards the right while lowering his head. On his head a Phrygian cap, his r. is raised up to his forehead. His left with the supposed attribute is not visible.The inscription:[ S]isionis / [ Cu]rmisag{ius) / [ ]ulavi(va)/ [ Cu]rmisag(ius) / [ - ]ina.

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M A N N E R S D O R F

32 Fragment of a relief in limestone. H. 88, W. 46, Th. about 28 cm. — Kunsthistori- sches Museum, Wien, Antikensammlunglnv.-No. I. 700.

Bibl.: Ku b itsc h ek , JOAI 3(1900) Bbl. 8. Abb. 2. - G. Pa sc h e r , RLlO 19(1949)75.- M.-L. Kr Og e r , CSIR Osterreich 1/3. No. 159.

In the main field the fight between Hercules and the lion of Nemea. On the 1. side: Attis wearing a Phrygian cap and a knee-length tunic. In his right a pedum leaning against his shoulder, his 1. is raised up to his chest.

S O M M E R E I N

32 A Fragment of a tombstone. Sandstone. H. 56, W. 28, Th. 60 cm. — Found in 1967.- Bundesdenkmalamt, Wien.

Bibl.: M.-L. Kr Og e r , CSIR Osterreich 1/3. No. 253.The figure of a male standing in a niche ending in a rounded arch. Clothed in a

knee-lengthchiton,withacloakon top. Hisr. is put across his body with hisl. leaning over it with the elbow while proppinghis chin. ("Trauergestic" Kr Og e r .) Both legs naked, feet facing r.. Face damaged. Maybe a Phrygian cap on the head.

Of elementary carving: the work of an untalented stonecutter imitating the figure of sepulchral Attis.

K A I S E R S T E I N B R U C H (Neusiedlam See)

33 Fragment of a tombstone. Sandstone. H. 56, W. 40, Th. 12 cm. — KOnigshof, Gartnerei (Bezirk: Neusiedl am See)

Bibl.: M. G ro lle r ,R L IO 6 (1 9 0 5 )5 1 . Abb. 2 5 ,- G. Pa sc h e r , loc. cit. 19(1949)58.- E. B. T h o m a s , Die rOmischen Villen in Pannonien. Bp. 1964. 168. Abb. 93. - M.-L. K rO g e r , CSIR Osterreich 1/3. No. 307.

A stone with the surface almost totally worn off. It can be identified only on the grounds of G roller’s drawing.

A figure with legs crossed, dressed in a tunic. His bent 1. is put across his waist: the missing r. must have leaned against it with the elbow. Sepulchral Attis.

P U T S C H E N E R L U C K E (Near Baden)

34 A night-lightwith volute. Brown-yellowish. L. 9, Diam. 6.7, H. 6.2 cm. — Museum Baden.

Bibl.: IvAn y i, 4388. Taf. LXVI, 7.

81

Mask looking towards the 1.. A cornucopia with a bunch of grapes in front, a tympanum behind. The same: No. 30. above.

V I N D O B O N A (Wien, B6cs)

35 Relief in sandstone: sepulchral Attis. H. 130, W. 90, Th. 45 cm. — Site: Wien, Karlsplatz6. (1965) —Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien, Inv.-No. DN 619.

Bibl.: A. N eu m a n n , CSIR Osterreich 1/1. No. 22.(comp: also No. 23) - A. N e u m a n n , Vindobona. Die ROmer in wiener Raum. Wien 196. 98.

Attis tristis with legs crossed, leaning against a pedum, propping his head his r. Dressed in a short tunic, with a Phrygian cap on the head. — It must have belonged to a huge sepulchre together with the relief of Perseus No. CSIR 1/3. 23.

C A R N U N T U M (Bad Deutsch Altenburg, Petronell)

36 Altar of small size. — Museum Carnuntinum.Bibl.: I do not know about any of it’s detailed publications. Mentioned by E.

Sw o b o d a , Carnuntum. Seine Gesch, und seine Denkmaier.4 Graz-KOln 1964.294. Anm. 6,— comp, also.: A. MOCSY, RE Suppl. 9(1962)736.M(atri) d(eum) M(agnae) sa(crum) Mausuetap(osuit).

37 Fragment of a relief. Marble. H. 35, W. 45, Th. 5 cm. — Site: doubtful, Carnuntum? — Museum Carnuntinum, Inv.-No. 4219.

Bibl.: M.-L. Kr Og e r , CSIR Osterreich 1/3. No. 376aIn einer Nische mit Doppelbogenrechts ein Kopf mit phrygischer Mtitze, links eine

weibliche G ottheitm it Diadem, mittelscheitelund leichtgewelltenHaaren. In der oberen Nische, die von je zwei Halbpalmetten eingerahmt wird, die Halbbtiste eines Loricatus, links Schulterbausch des Paludamentum, — Bei den zwei KOpfen kOnntees sich um Attis und Kybele oder Adonis und Venus Handeln." (Kr Og e r ) — Any sufficient analogies of the portrayal are unknown to me.

38 The head of Cybcle’s statue, broken off. Bronze. H. 2.7 cm. — Schlossmuseum Petronell.

Bibl.: R. F l e isc h e r , AntikebronzeStatuettenaus Carnuntum. Graz-KOln 1966.No. 45. mit Abb.

The features are damaged a bit. The face is framed by wavy hair forming a knot in the back. On the head a wall-crown with 5 peaks, decorated by points. A massive mould, with dark-green patina.

39 A head in marble with a wall-crown. Cybele? H. 11 cm. — Site: doubtful: Carnuntum? — Museum Carnuntinum, Inv.-No. 3994.

82

Bibl.: M.-L. KROGER, CS1R Ostcrreich 1/2. No. 73.According to Kroger it is a head of Genius. Still, the features and thecurly hair-style

is much more characteristicof a woman. The eyes glance downwards, which, together with the positionof the head, obviously attest to a statue in a sitting posture.

40 Statue of Attis(?) in limestone. H. 36 cm, the plinthos: 20x20x7 cm. — Site: Pfaffenberg, excavation 1898. — Museum Carnuntinum,Inv.-No. 899.

Bibl.: RLiO 1(1900)80. Abb. 3. - Berichtdes VereinesCarnuntum 1897-98.66. Abb. 1. - G r a il l o t 487. - M. L. Kr Og e r , CSIR Osterreich 1/2. No. 81.

The standing figure wears a short chiton fastened on the waist. Long trousers and shoes. His curly hair is covered by a Phrygian cap. He holds the leg of an animal, which has been thrown over his shoulder, on his 1. His 1., which could have been raised up, had been broken off. The marks of wings (?) on his back. His legs do not reach the base, as if he would fly.

41 A statue of Attis in bronze. H. 16.8 cm. — Site: Carnuntum, the camp (1905). — Museum Carnuntinum, Inv.-No. 11936.

Bibl.: M. V. G r o l l e r , RLiO 8(1907) 13 ff. Abb. 6. - S. R ein a c h , Repertoire IV. 260, 6. - Kostbarkeiten aus Carnuntum. Wien 1953. Taf. 44. - R. F l e isc h e r , Antike bronze Statuettenaus Carnuntum. Graz-KOln 1966. No. 32. mit Abb.

The figure leans on his r. leg, his 1. one is slightly bent, pulled backwards, his feet did originally not reach the ground. (The right leg, is broken off from the ankle.) His r. arm is raised up, his 1. one lowered. He used to hold some kind of a long, vertical attribute, maybe a torch (Or: a panpipe and pedum, comp. Ve r m a ser e n , CCCA III. 453.) in both of his hands. — Naked, except for a cloak thrown over the r. shoulder, also covering the upper-arm. A fleshy, fattish body of a child with a chubby face. He used to look at the attribute raised up in his r.. On his head a Phrygian cap, his hair, divided into two in the middle, is arranged in thick curls.

42 Head of Attis, Bronze. H. 5 cm. - Base: 4.4x5.8 cm.- Carnuntum, the camp. (1900) - Museum Carnuntinum, Inv.-No, 12038

Bibl.: M. v. G r o l l e r , RLiO 3(1902) 107. Abb. 20/b. - G r a il l o t 487. - Ku b it - sc h ek -Fr a n k f u r t e r , Filhrer durch Carnuntum.6 Wien 1923.84 f. Abb. 70. - R. F l e i­s c h e r , Antikebronze Statuettenaus Carnuntum. Graz-KOln 1966. No. 46. - D. GAspAr , SphtrOmische Kastchenbeschl'age in Pannonien. (Acta Univ. Szegediensis de Attila JOzsef Nom. Acta Ant. et Arch. XV, 1-2.) Szeged 1971.16. No. 8. Taf. XXV, 3

The bust of a child in high-relief emerging from a four-cornered sheet. On the head a Phrygian cap. His chiton is fastened on his shoulder by a disc-shaped fibula. His face is framed by well-shaped, curly, chiselled hair. The sheet is surrounded by a simple frame, with nitt-nailsin the four corners. — It is considered to be fragment of a "Paradertlstung" by GAspAr , still, an appliqufe of some other function is more likely.

83

43 The fragment of a Board in sandstone. H. 30, W. 30 cm. —Museum Carnuntinum, inv.-No. 3901

Bihl.: M. L. Kr Og e r , CSIR Osterreich 1/3. No. 204.Standing figure of a woman in a taenia and a Phrygian cap. Dressed in a chiton

fastened under the bosom by a belt.The bands of the taenia hang upon her shoulders. On her 1. shoulder a cloak hanging

down beside the hand. She holds a torch leaning over her shoulder with her I., her r. is broken off. The body below is missing from the waist. Much damaged. Taken as a hermaphroditicAttisby Krtlger.

44 Reiief-fragmentof Attis(?).Sandstone.H. 29, W. 36, Th. 26 cm — Schloss Traun, Petroneil.

Bibl.: M. L. Kr Og e r , CSIR Osterreich 1/3. No. 205The fragment of a larger relief. The head with a Phrygian cap facing the 1., and the

cloak covering the shoulders in a semi-circle have remained. On the 1. shoulder a disc-shaped fibula. The surface, originally well-carved, came off a lot.

45 Fragment of a relief. H. 40, W. 50, Th. cca 32 cm.— Schloss Traun, Petroneil.Bibl.: M.-L. Kr Og e r , CSIR Osterreich 1/3. No. 206.The 1. upper corner of the relief has remained. The head of a capped male facing the

r., in a niche under a triangular gable in a frame of foliated scrolls. Attis ? — Its carving resembles a bit that of the relief of No. 38.

' 46 The upper part of a tombstone. Limestone. H. , W., Th., I.hgh. cm. - Museum Carnuntinum.

Bibl.: CIL III 4511 = 11098. - J. H a m pel , Arch. £rt. 27(1907) 311. Abb. 23. - Sc h o b e r , Die rOm. Grabsteine von Noricum und Pannonien. Wien 1923. No. Abb. 56., S. 215 f. - E. Sw o b o d a , Carnuntum. Seine Gesch. und seine Denkmhler.4 Graz-K51n 1964.294. Anm. 6. - M.-L: Kr Og e r , CSIR Osterreich

The pediment and the lower part of the tombstone are missing. In a field framed by two columns, a garland. In the garland a cock facing r., with a sack-like object (taenia?) hangingon a ribbon from his bill. On both sides above rosettes, two figures of Attis below, wearing an oversized Phrygian cap. Both of them holding a pedum turned downwards. - Inscription in a circle-shaped frame. In the corners above the frame, birds.D(is) M(anibus) / Claudiae / Zoziminae [—

The cock frequently appears among the remains of the cult of Cybele and Attis (comp.: Ve r m a ser en CCCA III 123,126,147,357,384,395,422), especially those cases are characteristic, where it can be found concerning cultic activities, or on remains dedicated by the official of the cult.) Loc. cit.: 357: taurobolium-altar;395: archigallus coloniae Ostiensis; 422: Sacerdos Isidis Ost/i/ens/is/ et M. d. Tra/n/stib/erianae/; etc.), generally: Ver m a se r e n , Cybele and Attis.

84

47 Fragment of a tombstone. Limestone. H. 80, W. 51 cm. — Petronell, "im Schilttkaslen cingemauert".

Bibl.: Ed. Sackkn, Sit/., her. Wien 9(1852) Taf. 5.8. - M.-L. Kr Og e r , CSIR Osterreich 1/3. No. 352.

The upper r. side-corncrof a tombstone. A tympanum decorated with plants. In the middle a garland together with the fragment of a hand(?). The tympanum is supported by a screwed column with a huge crown. Between the column and the garland the figure of Attis with a Phrygian cap on the head. Face damaged. He is dressed in a chitonand a cloak thrown over his shoulder. Both of his hands are lifted up to his chest, (according to Kr Og e r : "Eine Frau mit langen Unterkhrzerem Obergewand und M antel”)

*

The altar fragment No. CIL III 13460 unanimously considered to be the most important remain of Magna M ater’s cult in Carnuntum up till now, comp. G r a il l o t 486, Sw o b o d a , Carnuntum. 294. Anm. 6.: A. M6CSY, RE Suppl. 9(1962) 736., etc.- Namely this altar can be - as it was clarified by G. Al fOld y , Listy Filol. 88(1965) 268 f. Nr. 5.; An. 6p. 1966,271.,—excluded from the group of relevant remains for sure, on the basis of the place where it had been found: "in sacello Silvani domestici" and of the addition of its fragmentary 1st line: [Sil(vano)] Mag(no) s[ac(rum)\ in harmony with it. The addition of [Matri]Mag(nae) S(acrnm), suggested by the corpus becomes doubtful, not only by reason of the site, but also by epigraphy: there is no place for 5 letters at the beginningof the line, while the addition of Mat(ri) would be very unusual (comp., V erm a seren CCCA III-IV. Indices, where no cases are listed with the name of the goddess being shortened this way.).- While the naming of Silvanus magnus can be found on Pannonian inscriptions in many cases, comp. e.g. Br u n Sm id , VHAD 12(1912)4.; Ku zsinszk y , Bp. R. 12(1937) 127. No. 48.; L. N a g y , Az Eskli t6ri r6mai er5d. Bp. 1946. etc.

G E R U L A T A (RuSovce, Oroszvhr, Karlburg)

48 Tombstone. H. 92, W. 76.5, Th. 27 cm. - Xantus J&nos Mhzeum, GySr.Bibl.: CIL III 4391. - F. ROMER, Arch. KOzl. 3(1863) 161. - A. SOt Fr , A

Mosony-megyei TOrt. 6s R6g. Egylet Eml6kk&nyve. Mosonmagyarovhr 1898. 243. - G r a il l o t 487. - K. Kr a f t , Zur Rekrutierung der Alen und Kohorten an Rhein und Donau. Diss. Bern I. 3. Bern 1951. 51., 212. - A. D om aszew ski- B. D o b so n , Die Rangordnung des rOm. Heeres. KOln 1967. (Epigr. Stud. 14.) 53., Taf. 52, 12. - D. G a b l e r , Arrabona 10(1968) 68. No. 23. Abb. 21. - R. H o Sek , Acta Univ. Carolinae (Praha) - Sect. Philos, et Hist. 5(1972)24 f. - M. P. SPEIDEL, BJ 176 (1976) 150 f. Abb. 16.- (Separatum: M. P. SPEIDEL, Eagle-Bearer and Trumpeter. Rheinisches Landesmus. Bonn, 1976.)

85

On the narrow left side of the board the figure of sepulchral Attis in the usual posture. Under the inscription the depiction of a cornu (and not of a bucina, comp. Sp e id e l , loc. cit.). Inscription in a simple frame:D(is) M(anibus) / Flavius / Altius cives Trever(us) eqfiies) / al(ae) / Cann{anefatium) stip(endiorum) / VII h(ic) e(st) / h{eres) f{aciendum) c(uravit).

The Attius cognomen is neither in this case clearly of a theophorcharacter, since the data of its speading (Comp.: A. M 6 csy , Nomenclator... Diss. Pann. Ill: 1. Bp. 1983.36. s. v.) Indicate, that most often it appears exactly in Germania and in the provinceof Belgica. But this interpretationis allowed by the depiction of Attis, too. Date: the end of the 1st century - the beginning of the 2nd one (K r a ft , loc. cit).

P A N N O N I A I N F E R I O R (after 214)On the modification of the border of the two Pannonian provinces comp.: J. F itz ,

Alba Regia 14(1975)351 ff.; 16(1978)71 ff.; - A. M6CSY, Arch. £rt. 103(1976)29 ff. - with further bibl.

KESZTHELY-tllMAJOR

49 Jug-handle in bronze. With Attis protome. — Formerly Balatoni Muzeum, Keszthely. It must have been destroyed in 1945.

Bibl.: B. K u zsin szk y , A Balaton kOrnvdkdnek archaeolbgidja. Bp. 1920. 84. Abb.118.

It must have been found in a tomb.

k£k k0t

50 Tombstone in limestone. Broken into two well-matching pieces. H. 208, W. 87, I.hgh. 10-7 cm. — Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum, Budapest.

Bibl.: CIL III 3689 = 10901. - F. ROm er - E. D esja r d in s , Les Monuments fepigraphiques Romains dans le Musde Nat. Hong. Bp. 1873. - J. H a m pel , A Nemzeti Mfizeum legrdgebbi pannOniai slrtSbldi. (fetekezdsek a TOrtdneti Tudomhnyok KOrdbOl, XXI, 1.) Bp. 1906.36 f No. 26 Taf. 19. - A. Sc h o b e r , Die rOm. Grabsteine von Noricum und Pannonien. Wien 1923. 228. Abb. 117. - B. Ku zsin szk y , A Balaton kOrnydkdnek archaeolbgidja, Bp. 1920. 137 f. Abb. 176. - E. B. T ho m a s , Die rOm. Villen in Pannonien. Bp. 1964.-....'RIU 327. - I. B ilkei, Zalai GyQjtemdny 16(1980-81)5. No. 6. - L. BarkOczi Arch. £rt. 109(1982)32. Abb. 9, 4.

In the tympanum dolphins. The field of carving is divided into three niches by four columns with a twisted trunk, in the middle the bust of a woman, on both wearing a Phrygian cap and a chiton, both with a torch (or pedum) turned downwards. - On both

86

sides of the field with inscription a column with a twisted trunk. Below trailers springing from a crater.D(is) M{anibus) / C{ania‘~!) Ingenua / C(ai) f(ilia) ann(orum) L X / /i(;c) s{itus) e{st) /5P{ublius) C(aniusT) Adiutor / libertus2nd and 5th lines: C(ania), or C{anius) BiLKEl.2nd line: VA written together.

The relic can be dated back to the beginning of the 2nd cent, on the strength of epigraphy.

FELS&DORGICSE

51 The comer-pillarof a graveyard. Sandstone. H. 105.5, W. 53, Th. 65 cm. — Site: FelsSdOrgicse, the ruins of a medieval church originating most likely from a secondary building in. — Formerly: Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum Inv.-No.: 51/1882. 1., today: deposit in the museum of stonework in Tihanyi Mhzeum Inv.-No. the same.).

Bibl. F. R 6 m e r , A Bakony. Term6szetrajzi 6s r6g6szeti v&zlat. Gy5r 1860. 182. - Gy. Z ie h e n , Arch. £ rt. 17(1897) 128.- G ra illo t 486. - B. Ku zsin szk y , A Balaton k0rny6k6nek archaeol6gi&ja. Bp. 1923.153. Abb. 191. - E. B. T h o m a s , Die rOm. Villen in Pannonien. Bp. 1964 - G. E r d Bly i, A r6mai kOfarag^s 6s k5szobr&szat Magyaror- sz^gon. Bp. 1974. 83. Abb. 100/b. - S. PalAg y i-S. TOTH, A r6mai 6s kbz6pkori k6t&r katalbgusa, Tihanyi Mftzeum. H. n. (Veszpr6m) 1976. No. 34/a.

On the two external sides of the corner-pillar, in a niche ending in a square-form, the figure o f luno or Attis. Attis with his legs crossed weighing on his left, propping his chin with his left hand, leans in a pedum. He faces the viewer. Dressed in a chiton, on his shouldersa knee-lengthcoat hangingdown on both sides, while crossing his chest in a wide curve. On his right shoulder a disc-shaped fibula. A Phrygian cap on the head.

Three more corner-stones are known from the same site. All have the figures of a satyr drinkingout of a rhyton, and a naked Bacchanalian figure, two more fellows difficult to identify, and the representation of Mars (Pa la gyi-TCt h . op. cit. 33/b-d.).

B R I G E T I O (SzGny, 6-Sz5ny)

52 Board in limestone. H. 36, W. 46, Th. 10, l.hgh. 2.5 cm. - Site: from a Roman a tomb, used for the second time. - Kuny Domokos Mhzeum, Tata.

Bibl.: L. Ba r k6 c z i, Arch. Ert. 1944-45,-An. 6p, 1947,33.- L . Ba r k6 c z i, Brigetio. (Diss. Pann. II: 22) Bp. 1951.(Tafelband: 1944) No. 229. Taf, XLVII, 4. - KAdAr 45. - RIU 441.

Inscription in a simple frame, crumbled at the bottom.Matre (sic) Magn{a)e / Aug(ustae) / Renn(ius) Candidus j vet {eranus) leg{ionis) i Ad(iutricis) etA ur I5 elia Marcell[i]naI pro salute sua et / eiorum /?/ ex v[oto]/[restitue­runt/ [v(otum)]s(o!venint) l(ibens) m(erito) /'l0 — IA —

87

4th line: AD, ET ligature 6th line: ET ligature7th lineeiom m(?) maybef[il]ionim, too, RIU rightly.10th line: the names of the consuls must have broken off.

The inscription, as Bark6 czi was right to indicate, is an obvious proof of the presence of Cybele’s sanctuary in Brigetio. The stone-board (comp. No. 62. below), beginning of the 3rd cent., secondarily built in the castle-wall of Celamantia, m ir t have belonged to this sanctuary, too.

53 Altar in limestone. H. 70, W. 30, Th. 35, l.hgh. 3.6cm.- Circumstancesof discovery unknown. - Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum, Budapest.

Bibl.: CIL III 11007,- F. CUMONT, MMM II. Nr. 3 6 4 ,- L. Ba r k 6 c z i, Brigetio. (Diss. Pann. II: 22.) Bp. 1951. No. 220/a. Taf. XVI, 1. - G. Al fOld y , Acta Ant. Hung.6.(1958) 452. - M. J. VERMASEREN, CIMRM II. 1732. - I. T 6 t h , Arch. firt. 99. (1972)225. - RIU 450.[? M(agnae)/ deum / M (atri) I [M)asuinni / [us] Amicus / [A]ugustalis /5 mun(icipii) Brig(etionis) An / [t]oniniani/ v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito).1st line: [I(nvicto] d(eo) M(ithre) - The inscription has been read this way

uniformly by research up till now. At the same time the fact that the reading suggested above is of the same right, cannot be denied. The question cannot be answered without knowing the place where it was found. - The tombstone of Masuinnius Amicus’daughter came to lightas well: 1. T 6 t h , loc. cit. = An. 6p, 1971, 320. = RIU 511: D(is) M (anibus) / pictissimae/ parentibus / sui Arnicine / Digniolae j L. Masuinnius / Amicus filiae / karissimae[(aciendum) c(uravit). The decoration of the tombstone: the bust of a girl with an apple and a bird-shaped toy in her hand, and with what it may be the barge of Charon with 3 figures, on the gable the head of Medusa, does not reveal anything about the family’s piety.The altar can be dated back to the age of Caracalla, on the basis of the expression of

Municipium Antoninianum. Comp.: Bark6 c z i, loc. cit.; A. M 6 csy , R E Suppl. 9(1962) 600.; B. G a l s t e r e r -Kr Oll , Epigr. Stud. 9.(Bonn 1972) 91.

54 Equipment of a tombstone. Limestone. — Measures: ? — Guarding place: ?Bibl.: L. Ba r k6 c z i, Brigetio. (Diss. Pann. II: 22) Bp. 1951.(Tafelband: 1944) 39., Taf.

LI I, 3.On one side of the square-shaped stone-tablet, in deeply encarved niche, the figure

of sepulchral Attis. (Ba r k 6 c z i: Cautopates) Facing the viewer, in a calm position, legs crossed. On his head a Phrygian cap. Dressed in a tunic and in a long gown hanging down. He leans with his elbow on his 1. arm put across his chest, or on the pedum held by his 1.

55 Bust of Attis in bronze. H 9.2 cm. — KunsthistorischesMuseum, Wien, Antiken- sammlung Inv.-No. VI. 3029.

Bibl.: W. O b e r l e it n e r in: Die ROmer a. d. Donau. Wien 1973. Inv.-No. 1005.

88

The upper ornament of a tripus-leg. The bust of a lad growing out of a leaf-cup. On his head a Phrygian cap, his clothes are fastened by a disc-shaped fibula. His eyes are inlaid with silver. On its back: "Ansatzspur eines abgebrochenen Querbalkens”. - Comp. No. 109. below!

56 Jug-handle in bronze with an Attis-protome.— NaiurhistorischesMuseum, Wien, Inv.-No. 16933.

Mentioned: by A. R a d n Ot i, A pannbniai r6mai bronzedfcnyek. (Diss. Pann. II: 6.) Bp. 1938.117. Anm. 16.

57 Pine-cone-shaped night-light. L. 11.8, Diam. 6, H. 7 cm.- Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum, Budapest, Inv.-No. 28 434.

Bibl.: IvAnyi 3691. Taf. LIV, 1.

B R 1 G E T I O ?

58 Sarcophagus. H. 89, W. 232, Th. unknown, I.hgh. 9.5. - 4.5 cm. - Site: Zeliezovce (Zseliz - Csehszlov&kia), most likely dragged away from Brigetio. - The same place, built in the altar of the Roman-Catholicchurch.

Bibl.: CIL III 11076. - G ra illo t 486. - V. O n d ro u c h , Limes Romanus na Slovensku.Bratislava 1938.56. - L. B arkO czi, Brigetio. (Diss. Pann. II: 22.) Bp. 1951.41. No. 96. Taf. XX, 3. - KAdAr 45. - J. CeSka - R. HoSkk, Inscriptiones Pannoniae Superioris in Slovacia Transdanubiana asservatae. (Opera Univ. PurkynianaeBrunensis- Facultas Philos. 125.) Brno 1967. 32. RIU 737 bis. - L. Bai la , Acta Class. Univ. Sc. Debrecen

On both sides of the cover, in a niche ending in a curve, ihc figure of Attis. Facing the field of inscription, he props over a rock with his leg while leaning on his knee with his elbow, his other hand put across the body is placed on the same knee. Both figures are dressed in the same way: Phrygian cup, tunic, cloak and trousers. The one on the r. faces the onlooker, the one the 1. looks backwards over his shoulder.

Inscription in a simple frame:D(is) M(anibus) l Aelius Domitius vet(eranus) j legionis) 11 Adi(utricis) domo Erapuli / cives Sums vivos sibi /5 fecit o(ptamus) s(it) t(ibi) t(erra) l(evis).- Later with a different carving: IteroQ) / D(o)mit(i)us vet (eranus) Lep(iouis) 11 Ad(iutricis) qui super vixit / annis LXXXX.3rd line: Erapuli = Hierapoli,4th-5th lines: O. s. 1.1.1. in Monogram,6th line: AE, ET, AD ligature,7th line: NN ligature.

*

89

G r a il l o t , loc. cit. believed to have recognized the figure of Attis, too, on the column from Tata, which must have been dragged away from Brigetio. Nevertheless, the figure of Silvanus, in the same row with that of Diana and Apollo, are carved on the place in question, on this remain unique in Pannonia. Comp.: A. Sc h o b e r , in: Belvedere 6( 1921) 177 ff.

C E L A M A N T I A ( D a , Izsa - LeSnyvfis^r - Csehszlov&kia)

59 Upper part of a board in limestone. Broken into two. H. 43, W. 81. Th. 2 2 .1.hgh. 5.8-4.4 cm - From the excavation of the counter-fortress of Brigetio, used for the second time (1908).- PodunajskfeMuzeum, Komarno.

Bibl.: T 6 t h -J. Ku r u c z , A KontciromvSrmegyei 6s KomSrom VSrosi Mhzeum Egyestilet ferteslt5je 143(1908) 52, - An. 6p. 1929. 176. - V. O n d r o ijc h , Limes Romanus na Slovensku. Bratislava 1938. 34. - V e id in g e r No. 217. - L. Ba r k 6 c z i, Brigetio. (Diss. Pann. 11:22.) Bp. 1951. No. 203. Taf. XXXI, 2. - Ka d Ar 44. - J . Ce Ska - R. H o Sek , Inscriptiones Pannoniae Superioris in Slovacia Transdanubiana Asservatae. Brno 1967.21.

Inscription in a sunk field surrounded by a simple frame:M(atri)d(eum) M(agnae)/ Val[er(ia)]Marina / \prosa\lute/ [? sua et Ma]rini/ —4th line: maybe e.g. [«m etl Val(erii) Ma]rini, or something similar as well.

The board, which had been built into the walls of a late-Roman fortress, must have come from Brigetio, most likely from the same sanctuary, the restoration of which the inscription No. 52. refers to. - The altar of a vet(eranus) leg(ionis) I Ad(iutricus) p.f. ex sign(ifero),dec(urio) Bri(getionis)qui magistratenamed M. Val(erius) Marinus in honourof Mercurius: CIL III 4298 = 442. This male may be identicalwith Valeria M arina’s husband mentioned here. (In the case of soldiers it was very common to marry woman slaves, who carried their husband’s nomen after their liberation.)

T A T A (Totis)

60 Huge tombstone. Granular limestone. H. 325, W. 123, Th. 33 ,1.hgh. 7.7-4.7cm. - Site: Ldt6hegy, 1797. — Kuny DomonkosMhzeum, Tata.Bibl.: CIL III 4278. - Arch. Bp. Mitt. 1(1877) 159. - G r a il lo t , 486. - B. D o r n y a y , Tata-T6v&rosi Hirad6 34 (1913) No. 38. S. 7. f. - A. Sc h o b e r , Die rOm. Grabsteinevon Noricum u. Pannonien. Wien 1923.91. No. 192. Abb. 100.- L . Ba rk6 c z i, Brigetio. (Diss. Pan. II: 22.) Bp. 1951. No. 27. Taf. X, 1. - RIU 694.

On both sides of its tympanum an ion, with the head of a ram under their paws. In the tympanum thefigures of Seleneand Endymion. (Comp.: E. D iez , JOAI46.1961-63.50ff.) The field of carvings ending in a curve is bordered by columns. In the triangles above the curve an Eros and a dolphin. In the field of carving the figures of three adults and a child. In the field between the field of carvings and the inscriptionon the 1. side Attis, with the body turningoutside, looking back over his shoulder. One of his legs is propped up. Rests

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on a long-handled pedum with his elbow. On his r. two females holdingeach-others’hands while dancing. The one on the r. carries a basket, (maybe: cista mystica?) In the middle a tripus with a maid. On the r. side of the picture-field a woman, seated in a chair with a high-back, facing r., the standing figure of a woman with a child beside her. Under the picture-field a set of animals chasing each-other. - Under the inscription framed by columns with a twisted trunk, a relief divided into three: in the middle Calo togetherwith a horse, on both sides sepulchral Attises with legs crossed, leaning on pedums.D(is) M (anibus) / Val(erio) Saturnino vet(erano) ex dup(licario) aleae / Ulp(iae) / cont(ariorum) qui vixit an(nos) L et /5 Val(erio) Sabino mil(ili) lef’(ionis) I Ad(iutricis) / stip(endium) III vixit an(nos) XXVJllio / Caes(ia) Di^na marito et ftlio / / ( aciendum) c(uravil).7th line: AE, RI, ET, FI ligature.

The scene of the middle-fricze differs from the usual outfit of sacrificial scenes common in Pannonia,in its importantelements. (comp.: A. Sz. Bu r g i.r , Aldozatijelenct Pannonia k5emI6kein. Bp. 1959.) Only the tripus standing in the middle, and the maid refer to that. The relationship between the further parts of the scene and the cult of Cybele-Attis is made plain by the figure of Attis standingon the 1. side of the picture-field. It must be the depictionof a funeral ceremony’s part concerning the cult. (Comp.: also at No. 104. below.)

S O L V A (Esztergom, Gran)

61 Tomb-acdicula wall. H. 137, W. 104, Th. 20 cm. — Balassa B&lint Mhzeum, Esztergom.

Bibl.: A. Ba l o g h , Vezet5 az esztergomi rfegfeszeti mhzeumban. Esztergom 1941.7. - L. N a g y , in: Budapest T0rt6nete. 1/2. Bp. 1942. 483. Anm. 34., - G. E r d Ely i, A r6mai kOfarag/is ... 92 Abb. 121

Attis on top of a simple altar, in a profiled niche with a curved arch, between two Oat columns. Legs crossed. Leans on a pedum with his 1. On the head a Phrygian cap, on his shoulder a cloak. Otherwise wears a tunic and trousers(?) - Broken into three well-mat­ching pieces.

P A N N O N I A I N F E R I O R (before 214)

U L C I S I A C A S T R A (Szentendre)

62 Aedicula-wall.H., W., Th.. Ferenczy K&roly Mfizeum, Szentendre.Bibl.: L. Na g y , Bp. TOrt. 1/2. Bp. 1942.474. Taf. LXIX, 4. - G. E r d Ely i, A r6mai

kOfaragSs 91. Abb. 120

91

Originallysepulchral Attis,standingbetweentwocolumnswitha trunkwithflutes (the1. broken off), in a niche ending in a curved arch. With a Phrygian cap. In a tunic, cloak. Legs crossed. On the feet shoes. Leans on the long-handled pedum with his 1. elbow.

A Q U I N C U M (6buda, Alt-Ofen, Budapest III. distr.)

63-64Broken tombstones— AquincumiMftzeum. Old. Inv.-No. (Kuzsinszky) 401. Bibl.: K u z s in sz k y , Ausgr. 71. No. 401. - L. N ag y , Arch Ert, 50(1937)93. Anm. 6.

- L. Na g y , in: Budapest TOrtdnete 1/2. Bp. 1942. 563. Anm. 134. - T. Na g y , loc. cit. 427., 457. Anm. 475. - J. B ir 6, Kollfegiumok Aquincumban (Acta Univ. Szeged. - Acta Juridica et Politica, Fasc. XIII, 3.) Szeged 1966.12. - KAd a r 4.

Both the description and the inscription of the tombstone are unpublished. The remain has been looked uponas a relicof collegiumdendrophorumby reason of L. N a g y ’s remark in a note - "at the time of discovery I had seen a letter D following coll/egium/ " -.(comp.: M 6 csy , RE Suppl. 9(1962) 603, 51.) This data has not been mentioned by K u z s in sz k y , loc. cit.- I would not like to take a stand on the basis of such dubious data, until the critical publicationof the stone to be expected soon. (By M. NLm e t h , in the followingvolume of RIU on Aquincum.)- The same refers to T. Na g y ’s remark withoutany data (also) applied by KAdAr. Ioc. cit., according to which the collegiumdendrophorumwould be mentionedin Aquincumby ’an other unpublished tombstone besides the fragment published by L. Na g y .’ Neither its inscription has been published by any of the authors.

65 Terracotta head of Attis, in a high Phrygian cap. — H. 3.8 cm. - Site: Aquincum, city, - Aquincum Mtizeum, Inv.-No. 33.735.

Bibl.: K. SZ.-P6CZY, Acta Arch. Hung. 7(1956)119.Taf. XVI, 1.The object comes from the find of a storage discovered next to the city’s district of

potters (gasworks), in the neighborhood of the polygonal sanctuary excavated on the territory between the Eastern city-wall and the Danube. (L. N a g y , in: Budapest TOrtfenete 1/2. Bp. 1942.582. Taf. CXIX, 1.). The find mainly consisted of primitive terracottas.

66 Statueof Attis. Limestone— Site: Aquincum, city. — Aquincumi Mhzeum.Bibl.: K u zsin szk y , Ausgr. 93. No. 26. Abb. 41. - KAdAr, 4. Anm. 3.Attis tristis on a square-shaped base, leaningon a pedum. On his head a Phrygian cap,

on his shoulder a long cloak hanging down. A disc-shaped fibula on the r. shoulder. Dressed in a double tunic, with the legs left naked. Holds the handle of a pedum turned downwards in his right reaching across his body, while leaningon it with his 1. elbow. Head tilted usual posture the weight of the body lies on the straight r., with the 1. put across behind the r. one. This posture suggest that the statue must have been one of the two antithetic Attis-figures of a larger tombstone.

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67 Statue of Altis. I .imestone. H. 42 cm. — Aquincumi Mhzeum.Bibl.: Ku zsin szk y , Ausgr. 91 f. No. 18.His r. leg is placed against a rock. Dressed in a tunicand a cloak, on his head probably

a Phrygian cap. He holds the pedum in his hand put across his chest.(comp. No. 72. below)

68 Statueof Attis. Limestone.— Site: 6buda, the corner of Zay Road and Kunigunda Str.(1968- While setting up an electric wire) — Aquincumi Mftzeum.

Bibl.: Unpublished.

69Attis(?)’s head, limestone,H. 20cm. - Site: 6buda, the territoryof theworker-flats belonging to the Gasworks. — Aquincumi Mhzeum.

Bibl.: B. Ku zsin szk y , BpR 12(1937)80 f. No. 10 Abb. 1 0 ,- Kuzsin szk y , Ausgr. 91. No. 14. Abb. 39. - T. Na g y , BpR 15(1950)371. - Ver m a se r e n , CIMRM II 1975”. - T. N a g y , BpR 22(1971)151.Abb. 83.

The head bentl. a bit, p u tin a frame of wavy hair, wears a Phrygian cap. It could have belonged either to a representationof Attis or to that of Mithras. Considered to be a head of Mithras by T. Na g y , loc. cit.

70 Pillar in limestone. H. 87 CM. — Aquincumi Mhzeum.Bibl.: Ku zsin szk y , Ausgr, 197 f. No. 377. - KAdAr, 4. Anm. 3.On its front-piece Attis, in tunica manicata and a cloak, legs crossed. Leans on a

pedum with his elbow. Head broken off. Regarded as "TUrpfosten” by Ku zsin szk y . It must have been a component of a sepulchral aedicula.

71 Sarcophagus. L. 232, W. 116, H. 90 cm. — Site: 6buda, Bdcsi ht 102. (1899) — Aquincumi Mhzeum.

Bibl.: B. KUZSINSZKY, BpR 7(1900)38 f. No. 28.-C IL I I I 15 1 6 6 .- GRAILLOT486. - K u z s in sz k y , Ausgr. 67. No. 214. Abb. 24. - J. SzilA gyi, Beszfeljenek a k5eml6kek, Bp. 1949. 88. f. - Gy. D i6sd i, Ant. Tan. 8(1961) 99 f. No. 1. - Gy. D i6sd i, Bibl. Class. Orient. (Berlin) 1962, 306. - KAdAr, 4. Anm. 3. - A. M 6csy , Pannonia and Upper Moesia. London 1974. PI. 29/b. - I. B ilke i, Alba Regia 20(1893)71 f.

On its front-piece in two niches ending in a volute Attis. Both in profile, facing the middle, legs crossed. They hold the pedum propped against the ground with one hand, the other ones lean against it with the elbow in order to back up the head. Dressed in double tunic, cloak, Phrygian cap. Inscription in a voluted frame of Pannonia-Noricum:L(ucio) Sept(imio) Fusco scolestico / qui vixit ann(is) X V III / mens(es) VIII dieb(us) XIII / L(ucius) Sept(imius) Fuscinus dec(urio) mun(icipii) / Mog(entianae)et Iulia Maximilla / parentes filio karissimo / memori (ae) dulcissim (a)e

93

Mogenliana municipium had been situated to the North of lake Balaton, probably between what is today TuskevSr and Somlfr/Ss/irhely. Comp.: D. S im o n y i, EPhK 71(1948)20.. and A. MGcsy, in RIU Fasc. 2. Bp. 1976. p. 13 f.

The expression of seolcsticus = scholasticushas been interpreted by Gy. D iOsd i, loc. eit., as ’a student of law’. The expression is known from an other inscriptionin Aquincum, too,: L. N a g y , £rt. (1931) 265 f. comp, also: B ilkei, loc. cit.

72 Two fragments of a large-sized tombstone. Limestone. H. 250, W. 97 Cm. — Site: The District of the Gasworks housing-estate, on the bank of the Danube (Roman graveyard), Gbuda, — AquincumiMfizeum, Inv.-no. 6.3. 10. 136.

Bibl.: K u z s in sz k y , Ausgr. 194. No. 341. - L. N ag y , Arch. Ert. 50(1937)90. - L. N a g y , Bp. TOrt. 1/2. Bp. 1942. 605. f. - L. N agy , BpR 14(1945) 166 f. - J. S z ila g y i, Besz.Gjenek a k5emlGcek. Bp. 1949. 36. - A. SZ. BURGER, Aldozati jelenet Pannonia kSemlfekein. (R6g. Fuz. II: 5) Bp. 1959. 20. No. 3. Taf. XXI. — J. S z ila g y i, Arch. Ert. 92(1965) 182 ff. - An. 6p. 1965. 43. - T. N ag y , Arch, £rt. 94(1967)62 ff. Abb. 1. - G. A lf o ld y , Epigr. Studien 4(1967) 52. f. - A. M 6csy , Acta Arch. Hung. 21(1969) 351. - M. N L m eth , Vezet5 az Aquincumi Mhzeum k5t<irSban. (EmlGtek Budapest mhltjiibOl 16.) Bp. 1971.26. f„ No. 53. - T. N agy , BpR 22(1971) 120.Abb. 30.

The upper part and the base of the sepulchre are missing. While used for the second time, it was sawed in two parts, damaging both the inscriptionand the carvings. - Originally there was a bus t in the upper picture-field. A sacrificial scene below; in the middle a tripus, on its left a baskei (cista) with a woven lid. On both sides the figure of women in long dresses, facing the middle. On both sides of the scene figures of Attis. Both turning inside, legs crossed, while leaning on a pedum. On the heads Phrygian caps, dressed in tunics and cloaks. The one on the r. holds a pedum turned downwards. In the case of the other figure this detail cannot be made out because of damage. - The filed of inscriptionwas followed by an other picture-field, from which only a fragment of the figure on the r. holding a pedum has remained.

T. Na g y ’s and M. NLm e th ’s addition are followed by reading the inscriptionwhich is worth being paid close attention to from all respects — and which gave also rise to a serious debate, - (Concerningthe debate of reading A. M 6 csy’s remark is quoted, loc. cit. und. Anm. 102.; "der gerade an einer wichtigen Stelle gebrochene Inschrift stellt aber der Forschungschwere Aufgaben.” Bzw, "Alle Ergilnzungen haben ihre Schwierigkeiten.”) [M(arco)]Baeb[idio]‘?M(arci)fil(io) Tro/mentina (tribu) \Front\oniAelquo ex [Dalm(atia) arm{orum)\ custo/di vet(erano) l[eg(ionis) II Adi(utricis)\ an(nomm) L /5 h(ic) [,y(/m.v)] e(st). / Dasimius [...v]et(eranus)leg(Jionis)eiu[s]/ dem her[es b(ene) m(erenti) qui\fuit in / colI(egio) vet(emnonim)c\entonar(ionim)\m(agister)(primus) vet{eranorum)/ [l]eg(ionis) eiusd[em secun]dum 1 \v]olunt[alemte]stament(i) / \posuit].1st line: \A(u!o)] Baet\- - -] SZILAGYI, [M(arco)][- - -] T. N ag y , Baeb[idio]

A lfG ld i , N P m eth . - The part illegible because of the breaking off caused by the sawing has recently been given in the form of BAEB + w ithout a dissolution by A.

94

M 6 csy , Nomenclator...(Diss. Pann. Ill: 1.) Bp. 1983. s. v.. (Cf. p. III. "crux post nomen indicat fracturam ... etsi restitutio quaedam a descriptoribus tituli temptata esset.”)I do not want to touch upon any further differences of reading here, I would like to

give a detailed discussion of some problems of reading, as well as of the connection between the tombstones with a depictionof Attis and the collegia funeraticia of Aquincum somewhere else.

The remain was persuasivelydated back to the age of Hadrianus ’somewhat after 124’, by reason of arguments of content and of analysis of style concerning the text, by T. Nag y . (BpR 22. 1971. 120.) This dating may change the chronological assumptions of the functionsof the collegia in Aquincum in all details, comp.: L. Na g y , Germania 16(1932) 184 ff.; K. K u rz , Acta Ant. Hung. 8.(1960) 139 ff. - What is more, this tombstone, which transferred ’the best carving habits of the canabae to the subsequent workshops’ (loc. cit. 120.) is viewed as a piece ’beginninga new a chapter’by T. Na g y , in his monograph on the stone-carvingsof Aquincum. (BpR 22. 1971.103-160.) In this respect the stone is a piece of high importanceconcerning the relationshipbetween the so-called sacrificial scene and the figures of Attis, too.

73 Fragmentof a tombslonc.Granular limestone. H. 103, W. 128 cm. — Site: Victoria brickworks. — Aquincumi Mhzeum, Inv.-No. 63. 10. 137.

Bibl.: K u zs in szk y , Ausgr. 77 f. No. 283. Abb. 27. - T. N ag y , Corvina 19(1941)797 ff., 839. - T. N a g y BpR 15(1950) 317. - A. SZ. BURGER, Aldozati jelenet PannOnia k5eml6kein. (R6g. Filz. II: 5.) 1959. 24. No. 22. Taf, XXIX. - T. Nagy^ BpR 22(1971)1- 20. Abb. 31. - G. E rd F ly i , A r6mai k5farag£s 6s k5szobrhszat Magyarorsz&gon. Bp. 1974.32. Abb. 29. - L. B a rk O cz i, Arch. £rt. 109(1982)47. Abb. 17,2.

The fragment of an originally large-sized tombstone. Concerning its carving and workmanship it bears a close connection to the above number. (T. Nagy , loc. cit.)

In the picture-fieldframed by columns, three figures, heads missing. Below, a narrow frieze with a scene of animals’ struggle. — Under this a sacrificial scene: in the middle, on both sides of a tripus, a figure in tunics (the one on the r. a camilla? Bu r g e r ), most likely both males (Ku zsin szk y ). On the r., beside the camillus, the additional figure of a man in a tunic, leaning over a stone with his r. leg. — On both sides of the picture-field figures of Attis, in antitheticpostures. The one on the 1. props his leg against a stone, (comp. No. 66. above) Dressed in tunica manicata, short cloak, and a Phrygian cap with a high upper part. He holds the pedum in his r. put across his body, his 1., which leans on his knee with the elbow, backs up his head. He faces the onlooker, although the head is turned outwards, (towards the 1.).

The Attis-figureon ther. is in the usual position,legs crossed, props against a pedum with his elbow. Body bent in a clear S-shape, his dress followingthe lines of the body with powerfully carved folds. The differing postures of the figures make the scene much more dynamic.

95

The tombstone can be dated back to the middle of the 2nd cent., on the basis of T. Na g y ’s interpretation, (op. cit. 120.)

74 Fragmentary tombstone. Limestone. H. 125, W. 95 cm — Site: Margitsziget. — Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum, Inv.-No. R-D 128

Bibl.: R. RC m e r , Arch. KOzl. 1( ) 223., - OIL III. 3566. - R 6 m e r -D esja rd in s 128. — A. SZ. Bu r g e r , Aldozati jelenet Pann6nia k5eml6kein. (R6g. Fuz. II: 5) Bp. 1959.21 f. No. 8. Taf. XV.

Its upper part, together with the field with a bust, had broken off. In the middle-field a sacrificial scene: iripus with a camillus and a camilla. On both sides, in separate fields, turning inwards figures of Attis, in the usual posture. On their heads Phrygian caps, legs crossed, leaning on a pedum propped against the ground, with their elbows. Dressed in tunics and cloaks. Inscription in a frame decorated by leaves:D(is) M(anibus) / T(itiis) Tor(ius) Gem / ellian(us) quon/dam [??] c(oIIegii)fabr(um) / Leg(ionis) I f A [di] (utricis) Tori/ae Geminae ma/tri et Aureliae / Serenae Con(iugi) et / Tor /iae Gemellinae....

75 Fragmentary tombstone. H. 151, W. 102 cm. — Site: Danubeside, Obuda. — Aquincumi Mhzeum. (Old Inv.-No. 345.)

Bibl.: A. SZ. BURGER, Aldozati jelenet.. .(Rfcg. Fuz. II: 5.) Bp. 1959.22. No. 9.Its upper part had broken off. In the middle-field a sacrificial scene: tripus, camillus

and a camilla. On both sides, in separate niches, the figures of Attis. (The one on the r. broken off.) The inscriptionis very fragmentary:D(is) M(anibus) Tutor vet (eranus) leg(ionis) / Ad(iutricis) h(ic) s(itus) [e(^r)] Ael(ius) / Atius vet (eranus) leg(ionis) ei/usde/ml h(eres) /(aciendum) c(uravit).

The theophor relation of the Atius = Attius cognomen is very doubtful on the territories of Celtic substratum (thus also in the countryside of Aquincum), since these names "sind im Westen wegen der Verwandtschaft mit der keltischen Wurzel Att- verbreitet.” A. M 6 csy , Die BevOlkerung von Pannonien bis zu den Markomannenkrie- gen. Bp. 1959.165. s. v. Attius. In spite of this in the given case such a connection cannot totally be excluded. On the question comp.: R. T u r c a n , Les religions de 1’Asie dans la Vallhe du Rhone. (EPRO 30.) Leiden 1972.53 f.

76 Fragment of a tombstone, with the head of Attis. — Site: unknown, it must have been Aquincum, or its neighbourhood. - From the collection of G6za Dhnyi, in Nagytetfcnyi Mhzeum. Inv.-No. 52.43.

Bibl.: L. Na g y , 42(1928)70. No. 5. Abb. 21. - G. E r d £ly i, A r6mai k5faragds 6s k5szobrhszat MagyarorszSgon. Bp. 1974.92.

77-79 Three slone-props, with a figure of Attis. — Aquincumi Muzcum.Bibl.: B. Kuzsin szk y , BpR 7(1900)45. - G r a il l o t 486.

96

C O N T R A - A Q V I N C V M (Pest, Budapest 5th district, formerly: Eskli square, today: Mdrcius 15. square.)

On the excavation and history of the Roman fortress of Contra-Aquincum as summary see: L. Na g y , Az Eskil-tdri r6mai er5d, Pest v&ros 5se. (Budapest szdkesfO- v&ros v&rostbrtfeneti monogrhfidi 17.) Bp. 1946.113. p.

In the walls of the fortress built in the 4th cent., many earlier stones with carvings and inscriptionswere built in, each of which must have come from Aquincum.

80 Fragment of an aedicula-wall. H. 52., W. 62, Th 24 cm. — Site: Fortress of Eskii Square, used for the second time. — Budapesti TOrtdneti Mhzeum (there is a copy exhibited at the site).

Bibl.: B. Ku zsin szk y , BpR 9(1906) 39 ff. - L. Na g y , Az Eskii tferi 19. Abb. 12.- L. Na g y , Bp. TOrt. 1/2. Bp. 1942. 474. - G. E r d Lly i, A r6mai kOfaragds fes kOszobrdszat MagyarorszSgon. Bp. 1974.91 f.

On the right side of thestone-propthere is a fragment of a pillar’s head, in the middle Attis’ head wearing a Phrygian cap; also the left hand propping the head can be seen.

81 Thecomerpillarofa graveyard. H. 127, W. 55, D. 44 cm. — Site: alike to No. 80.- AquincumiMftzeum, Inv.-No. 64. 11. 31. (a copy displayed at the site.

Bibl.: B. Kuzsin szk y , BpR7( 1900)46f. Nr. 3 9 ,- Ku zsinszk y ,Ausgr. 178. Nr. 180.,- L. N a g y : A z EskU tferi... 19. Abb. 10/a-b, - M. NfiMETH, VezetO az Aquincumi k5tSrban. Bp. 1971.65. Nr. 181. - G. E rd £ ly i, op. cit. 80. Abb. 89/a.

On its wider side, in a niche with a triangularending, the figure of Attis. Legs crossed. He leans over the pedum turned downwards with his elbow. On his head a Phrygian cap, on his shoulders a cloak. He is dressed in a tunica manicata. In the triangles above the niche the figures of Amor. - On the narrower side of the pillar a woman’s naked figure, standing in a peaceful posture, with her 1. backing a basket set on her head. A light cloak hangs down backwards from her shoulders.

82 The corner base of a graveyard. H. 117, W. 44, D. 25 cm. — Site: alike to No.-s 80-81, — Budapest TOrtfeneti Mhzeum (copy is displayed ai the site).

Bibl.: B. KUZSINSZKY, BpR 7(1900) 45 f. Nr. 37. - GRAILLOT486. - KUZSINSZKY, Ausgr. 181. Nr. 181. — L. N ag y , Az Eskii tferi... 19. - KAdAr 4. Anm. 3.

On its front side in a niche ending in a curve, Attis, dressed in trousers, tunica manicata, cloak, on his head a Phrygian cap. Legs crossed. Leans on a pedum. His head propped against his 1. hand.

83 The corner case of a graveyard. H. 87 cm. — Site: like above. — Budapest TOrtfeneti Mftzeum (a copy displayed at the site).

97

Bibl.: B. K u zsin szk y , BpR 12(1937) 79 f:~ K u zsin szk y , Ausgr. 179 f. Nr. 377. - L. N ag y , Az Eskii tferi.... 26. Abb. 24. - KAdAr 4 Anm. 3.

On its front-side the figure of Attis, in Phrygian cap, tunica manicata, cloak. Legs crossed. Leans on a pedum.

CAMPONA(Nagytfetfeny, Budapest XXII. kerlllet)

84 The fragment of a relief. — Site: Nagytfetfeny? — Budapest TOrtfeneti Mtizeum. Bibl.: Unpublished. Mentioned by: G. ERDfiLYl, A rOmai kOfarag&s fes kOszobrh-

szat Magyarorsz&gon. Bp. 1974.91.Attis’ head in a Phrygian cap.

CIVITAS ERA VISCORUM (Gellferthegy, Blocksberg, Budapest IX. kerlllet)

85 Aboard with inscription.Limestone.H. 72, W. 89, Th. 13 cm. —Site: the Northern slope of Gellfert-hill.- Since 1847 in the Hungarian National Museum. Inv. No. 31. 1847.3.

Bibl.: CIL III 3471,- A. V. D om aszevski, IRS 1(1911)54ff. - R 6 m e r -D esja rd in s .... - R. F r Oh l ic h , BpR 4(1892) 143. No. 60. - G r a il l o t 486. - Ve id in g e r No. 206.- A. Brelich , Laur. Aqu. 1. Bp. 1938.(Diss. Pann II: 10) 84., 132 f. - T. Nagy , Bp. TOrt. 1/2. Bp. 1942.426 f. - KAdAr 3. - £. B. B6nis, Die SphtkeltischeSiedlung Gellferthegy- Tab/in in Budapest, Bp. 1969.(Arch. Hung. N. S. 47.) Taf. LIV, 3. - T. Na g y , Budapest tOrtfenete I. Bp. 1973.170. f.

In a field of inscription,simply framed, carved in the form of tabula ansata:M (agnae) D (eum) M(atri).

The place where the board was found, that is, the Celtic colony excavated in the Southern slopes of Gellfert-hill, suggests, that here Cybele was identified with any of the Celtic mother-goddesses, similarly to the territory of the Rhine, comp. E. Sc h w e r t h e im , Die Denkmaier orientalischerGottheitenim rOm. Deutschland (EPRO 40.) Leiden 1974. 292 ff. Unfortunately the excavation of the colony (B 6 nis, op. cit.) has not proved the existence of such a cult-centre, on the basis of which the ’mons Vaticanus’ of the civitas Eraviscorum could be localized. Anyhow, it is sure, that the rocky slope was a determinant in the rise of the cult of Cybele of Gellfert-hill.

Z S A M B f e K

86Side-wallofa tomb-aedicula.H. 164, W. 77,Th. 16cm. —From a tomb of the late Roman period. — Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum, Budapest.

Bibl.: Arch. Ert. 34(1914) 150 f. - Z. O ro sz lA n , Orsz&gos Magyar Rfegfeszeti Thrsulat EvkOnyve 2(1923-1926)60 ff. Abb. 4-5. - G. ERDfiLYl, A r6mai kOfaragSs fes kfiszobraszat MagyarorszSgon. Bp. 1974.89.

98

In a field framed by semi-pillars sepulchral Attis. In double tunica, leaning on a pedum, legs crossed. Head knocked off. On the inner side of the wall a woman in the natives’clothing, with a small box in her hand.(ERDfeLYi op. cit. Abb. 109.)

F L O R I A N A (Csakv&r)

87 A disk in bronze. Diam. 4,7, Th. 0.5 cm. — From a tomb of the late-Romanperiod? — IstvSn Kirhly Mhzeum, Szfekesfehferv&r. Inv. No. 3516.

Bibl.: A. M a r o si, Sz6kesfeh6rv6ri Szemle 9(1939)32. - KAdAr. 41. Taf. IV, 6. - ZS. BAnki, Az Istv&n KMly Mfizeum gyQjtemfenye. R6mai kori figurhs bronz, eztlst 6s 61om tSrgyak. - La collection du Mus6e Roi Saint fetienne. Objets Romains figurfes en bronze, argent et plomb. Szfekesfehferv&r 1972. (Istv&n Kirhly Muzeum K0zlem6nyei B: 30.) No. 26. mit Abb.

Fig.7. Disc in bronze from Cs&kv&r (Kat.-No. 87.)

On one side of the cast-bronze disc, in a frame of a set of pearls, Cybele’s bust in relief. On her head a wall-crown. Dressed in a chiton fastened on her shoulder. Two of her locks (?) hang down to her shoulders. Beside her head on the 1. side, a double whistle, on the r. a cymbala (But not ’ein paar Becken’ KAdAr , or ’deux pains ronds’ BAnki). - It has a flat back.

The disk must have been a costume jewelry. An excellent example of its usage is presented by the crown of the archigallus on the relief of Lanuvium (CCCA III 466.), or the pectoral ornament of the archigallus statue in Rome. (CCCA III. 249.) Judging from these analogies, this disk must have belonged to some kind of sacral clothing.

88 Tombstone. Limestone,broken into two, damaged at the bottom. H. 121, W. 105, Th. 24 cm. — From a tomb of the late Roman period (1899) — Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum, Budapest. Inv. No. 38/1899.

99

Bibl.: CIL III 15154,- K uzsinszky , Arch. £rt. 23/1903) 234. f. Abb. 9. - G r a il l o t 486. - A. Sc h o b e r , Die rOm. Grabsteine von Noricum und Pannonien. Wien 1923. No. 261. Abb. 133. - L. Na g y , Bp R 14(1945) 166. - J. F itz , Arch. £ rt. 78(1951) 151. - A. SZ. Bu r g e r , Aldozati jelenet Pann6nia k5eml6kein. Bp. 1959. (Rfegfeszeti Fiizetek II: 5.) 27. No. 31. Taf. XLVIII;

A triangular gable above with the end of Medusa, in the corners rosettes. In a niche, ending in an architrave bordered by columns, three busts. Sacrificial scene below: tripus with some food, on both sides camilli or camillae. On both sides of the scene, in separate niches, sepulchral Attis, wearing a Phrygian cap, double tunic and a cloak. Legs crossed. He leans on a pedum. The inscription:D(is)Mannibusl / VibianoDeivo/nis an/norum/ LXXpat(ri)et/ Atezissaean(nom m)XL i matr(i) et Valen/tino anlnoruml XXXfrat(ri) / Vibius Saturnus / dupl{arius) al(a)e I T{h)rac(um) t(itulum) m(emoriae)p/osuit/.

The ala 1. Thracum veterans sagittaria had been garrisoned on the limes of Pannonia since the beginning of the 2nd century. Comp.: M 6csy, RE Suppi. IX. (1962) 620.

89 A fragmentary tombstone. H. 148, W. 90 cm. — From a grave of the late Roman period. — Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum Budapest.

Bibl.: J. H a m pel , Arch. £rt. 27(1907) 313. Abb. 26. - J. H a m pe l , Arch. £rt. 30(1910)333,- A. S c h o b e r , op. cit. 119. No. 2 6 2 ,- A., SZ. BURGER, op. cit. 27. No. 32. Taf. XXXI. '■•j «

On both sides of the gable decorated by the head of Medusa, sea-griffins. In the picture-field framed by columns, three busts. A sacrificial scene below; tripus with camillus and camilla. Beside the scene in a separate niche, two figures of sepulchral Attis, legs crossed, leaning on pedums. On their heads Phrygian caps. They are dressed in trousers, double tunics and broken off.

c s A k b e r £ n y

90 The cornerpillar of a graveyard. H. 87, W. 34, Th. 30 cm. — Circumstances of discovery unknown, it was in the garden of the manor-house of Cs&kber6ny in 1907. — Today: ?

Bibl.: E. M a h le r , Arch. £rt. 27(1907)236.On one side sepulchral Attis in a niche ending in a semicircle. In a Phrygian cap,

tunica and chlamys. He backs up his head with his 1., leaning on a pedum with the elbow.

100

S Z £ k E S F E H £ r v A r (Stuhlweissenburg, Alba Regia)

90/A. The so called St. Stephen sarcophagus, white, granular limestone. L. 230, W. I l l , H. 83 cm. — Site: SzfekesfehfervQr, the territory of the royal basilica (1803). — In the mausoleum of the KOzQpkori Romkert of SzQkesfehfervQr (IstvQn KirQly MQzeum) since 1936.

Bibl.: The whole and very rich literature of the sarcophagus, dealing mainly with the medieval (11th cent.) carvings of the coffin, thus irrelevant from the point of view of the sarcophagus’ancient origin, cannot be listed here. - Summaries and information of bibl.: D. D er c sEn y i, A szQkesfehfervQri kirQlyi bazilika. Bp. 1943. 110 ff. - E. SzakAll - G. ENTZ, 1st vim KirQly szarkof&gja. SzQkesfehfervQr 1969. (IstvQn KirQly MQzeum MQzeum KOzlemfenyei A: 11) 24 p. - E. SzakAll - G. E n t z , Acta Historiae Artium 10/1964( 215 ff. - Th. von Bo g y a y , Ungarn Jahrbuch 4/1972) 9 ff. - The ancient origin of the sarcophagus was proven by: E; Na g y , MGv. tOrt. Ert, 3(1954) 101 ff. - The reflection of the proportionsof ancient decorations in medieval motives: Z. Ka d Ar , MQv. tOrt. Ert. 5(1955) 76 ff. - N. F e ttic h , Magyar TOrtfenelmi Szemle - Hungarian Historical Review (Buenos Aires) 2/1971 491 ff. - The identity of the sarcophagus’ material with the Roman stone-carvings of Aquincum: F. Papp , Technika 1938.362 f.

A medieval sepulchral monument converted from a Roman sarcophagus, most likely for the first Hungarian king, St. Stephen (1000-1038). The proportioning of the former Roman work can easily be noticed on one of its longer sides: The middle-field (formerly with an inscription)Shapedlikea rectangle, was framed by figures of Attis placed in niches ending in curves. These figures were changed during the medieval conversion into a tree of life, on the proportionof which it is easy to discover the body-dimensions of the original human figures, or the characteristic S-shaped bend of the Attis tristis figures’ bodies, as well as their crossed legs and the places of the pedums propped against the ground.

No certain facts are known about the place where the sarcophagus came from, since there was no Roman settlements on the territory of SzQkesfehfervQr. First of all Aquincum,the countrysideof which thestonecomes from (Papp, op. cit.; S z a k A ll-E n tz , op. cit.) and where from Roman stones with carvings were demonstrably transported to the 11th cent, buildings of the royal basilica of SzfekesfehQrvQr, can be taken into account. (Comp.: A. A lfO ld i , Arch. firt. 1940.195 ff., with quoting the relevant medieval sources.) Besides that, other nearby Roman settlements like e.g. Gorsium, Intercisa etc., are to be considered, too.(Comp.: J. F itz , A Fejfer megyQbe hurcolt r6mai kOvek kQrdQsQhez. - Zur Frage der ins Komitat Fejfer verschleppten Steindenkm'Gler aus der ROmerzeit. SzQkesfehQrvQr 1958. IstvQn KirQly MQzeum MQzeum KOzlemfenyei A: 7. 23 p.)

A B A

91 Statueof sepulchral Attis.— IstvQn KirQly MQzeum, Inv.-No. 6712.Bibl.: Unpublished. - Mentioned by: G. E rd E ly i , Intercisa I. Bp. 1954.187.

101

I N T E R C I S A (Dunahjv&ros [= Szthlinvhros, Dunapentele])

92 Votlv-board in marble. H. 20, W. 12, Th. 2 cm- Stray-find. — Intercisa Mhzeum, Dunafojv&ros. Inv.-No. 81.83.21.

Bibl.: Unpublished. - Its photo has been published by: ZS. V isy, Intercisa. A r6mai kori Dunahjvhros. Bp. 1977. Abb. 26.

A board in white marble, ending in a curve, broken into two matching parts. The relief is unfinished.

Standing figures of a woman, wearing a long dress, fastened under the bosoms. On her head a head-dress also covering her ears. The features of her face are unfinished. In her lowered r. hand, turned a bit outwards, a patera. Her I. hand cannot be seen. In the hight of her 1. shoulder a long object broken roughly in a right triangle, ending in curves on both ends: an unfinished cymbala for sure.

The small relief can be brought into connection with the workshop producing ex voto-sin marble, the most characteristicproductsofwhich thesmall M ithras-or Danubian rider-reliefs so frequently appear in Pannonia, Dacia and Dalmatia, placed to Sirmium by T. N agy , BpR 15(1950) 77., 119, on the basis of its material and carving. Up to now, no other objects smiting the circle of the cult of Magna Mater are known among the products of this workshop. On the workshop: A. M6CSY, Pannonia and Upper Moesia. London, 1974.246.; recently: H. G rassl-1. H iden, Arch. Korresp. bl. 13(1983) 105 ff.

93 Night-lightsshaped like a pine-cone. H. 12.2, Diam. 6, H. 7 cm.A) Istv&n Kirhly Mhzeum, Sz&kesfehferv&r, Inv.-No. 4029.Bibl.: A. M a r o si, Arch. £ rt. 37(1917) 5. - A Ma r o si, Sz6kesfeh6rv&ri Szemle

1932.35. - IvAnyi 3692. Taf. LIV, 5.The vent-hole and the air-pipe are connected by a drain, with a circle-shaped

suspension-handlebeside. On its bottom four legs.

B) Magyar Nemzeti Mtizeum, Budapest, Inv.-No. 105/1910-46. - L. 14.9, Diam. 6.5, H. 8 cm.

Bibl.: IvAnyi 3693. - K. SZ. POc z y , in: Intercisa II. Bp. 1957.88., 131. Inv.-No. 109. Taf. XXIII, 7.

C) Intercisa Mhzeum, Dunahjvltros.Bibl.: Unpublished. Photo: ZS. V isy, Intercisa. A r6mai kori DunaOjv&ros. Bp. 1977.

Abb. 21.On its upper part, the drain connecting the two holes is missing, the circle-shaped

suspension handle is in front of the air pipe.

D) Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum (?) — L. 9.2. cm

102

Bibl.: K. SAg i, in: Intercisa I. Bp. 1954.58. Taf. XXI, 9.Found in a tomb, No. 1949/30. A fragment, its lower part had remained. With four

legs.

E) Intercisa Mhzeum. — Has not been entered in the inventory.Bibl.: Unpublished.A negative counterpart, broken into two matching pieces, used for making the A, B,

D, E objects. Found in the quarter of tradesmen, most likely a workshopof ceramics, South to the castellum. (Reported by ZS. V isy, who excavated the site.)

94 Fragment o f a jug. Bronze. H. 14, Diam. 8 cm. — Found in a tomb.(1975) — Intercisa Mhzeum, Dunaujvfiros, Inv.-No. 77. 207.2.

Bibl.: K. S z a b 6 , Alba Regia 17(1979)252 f. No. 4. Taf. II.The fragment of a jug equipped with a trefoil-shapedvent; with a curved handle. The

handle is decorated with the head of a ram at the upper part, and with a mask of Attis (?) below. Between the appliqufean ornament of plants.

95 A fragment of Attis’ statue. Limestone. H. 51 cm. — Built in the Western corner-tower of the castellum for the second time. — Istv&n Kir&ly Mhzeum, Szfekesfe- hfervhr, Inv.-No.: 50.150

Bibl.: G. E r d Lly i, Intercisa I. 187., 261. Inv.-No. 235. Taf. LXXII, 9.Head and legs missing. A double tunic, fastened with a belt, covered with a cloak. He

holds the handle of the pedum with his 1. placed across his waist, his head is propped against his right. - Back smoothed in a semi-circle, left unfinished.

The roughness of the sculpture’s back indicates that it was placed — most likely on a sepulchre — in a niche, similarly to the case of the bases in Pula: R. M. Sw o b o d a , BJ 169(1969)204. No. 14. = M. J. V e r m a ser e n , CCCAIV, 246.

96 Head of Attis. limestone. H. 17.3 cm. — From the Danube, by the ruins of Szalk. — Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum, Budapest, i. 80.1883.34.

Bibl.: G. E r d Lly i, in: Intercisa I. Bp. 1954.261. Inv.-No. 236Head of A ttis’(orof a M ithraicdadophor’s) statue, in a Phrygian cap.97 Fragment of a statueof Attis. Limestone. H. 16 cm. — At the Western gate of the

castellum. (Very likely built in for the second time.) — Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum, Budapest, Inv.-No.: 13. 1929.4.

Bibl.: G. E r d £ly i, in: Intercisa I. Bp. 1954.261. Inv.-No. 239. Taf. LXXII, 8.The head and the lower body missing. A figure in a tunic and a cloak, his 1. reaching

across his waist, while propping his cheek with his r.

103

98 Tombstoneof a large size. H. 238, W. '105, Th. 22 cm. — It was found as the cover of a tomb from the late Roman period. — Magyar Nemzeti Mftzeum, Budapest, Inv.-No.: 74. 1911.1.

Bibl.: E. M a h l e r , Jelentfes a Magyar Nemzeti Mfizeum 1911. 6vi &llapothr61. 157.b. - A. S c h o b e r , Die rOm. Grabsteine... No. 263., Abb. 134. - L. N a g y , Arch. fert. 1944-45.228 No. 5. Taf. LXXXIV, 4. - G. E rd £ ly i-F . FO lep, in: Intercisa I. Bp. 1954. 241. Inv.-No. 53. Taf. XXXII, 1. - A., SZ. B u r g e r , Aldozati jelenet PannOnia kOemlfeke- in. (R6g. FUz. II: 5.) Bp. 1959. 33. No. 55. Taf. IV. - G. E rd L ly i . A rdmai k5farag&s 6s kOszobrls/.at Magyarorszlgon. Bp. 1974.29. Abb. 27.

In the gable between cocks a rosette, in the upper triangles dolphins. In the picture-field three busts, the two woman-figures in Celtic costumes. They are holding a bunch of grapes and an apple (woman) or a two-handled pot (man). Under the main picture-field two narrow sets of pictures: in the upper one a sacrificial scene with camillus and camilla, on both sides Attis, legs crossed, facing the onlooker. On their head Phrygian caps, on their shoulders stripe of picturesa scene of wagons, with a saddled-horse following the wagon.

On the lintel between the stripes:Gs(s)a Dem(i)unci libo.

In the field of inscription:D (is)M (anibus) / / Demiuncus Couci / f(ilius) an (norum) C etAnculat/a Caupionisf(ilia) an (riorum) C / con(iwc) t(itulum) p(osuerunt) Bataulus / el Louco lib(erti) f(aciendum) c(uraverunt) / Veneriae sor(ori) / vi\v\ae.1st line; Osa...!ib<o>(erta) M 6csy, Die BevOlkerung von Pannonien... Bp. 1959.

258. No. 205/31. - M Ocsy, Nomenclator. Bp. 1983. (Diss. Pann. Ill, 1.) s. v. - The line(whichcanbe read as a hal-pentamenter, with the most likely conscious omission of Dem(i)unci), must refer to the sacrificial scene for sure. Thus, according to our present knowledge, the inscriptionis the only remain with a text that could cast light upon the religious meaning of the ’sacrificial scene’ (c. f. B u r g e r , op. cit.) of Pannonia, dim in many respects.99 Fragment of a tombstone. Limestone. H. 80, W. 22, Th. 11.5 cm. — Dunahjvhros,

Oreghegy (=Sz515hegy), during an agricultural work. — Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum, Budapest, Inv.-No. 118.1907.3/a.

Bibl.: G. E r d £ly i, in: Intercisa I. Bp. 1954.244. Inv.-No. 80. Taf. LXVI, 3. Tombstone damaged from all sides. Originally sepulchral Attis placed in a separate

field, next to the pictorial scene (very likely the sacrificial scene) under the picture-field. In the usual posture, wearing a Phrygian cap, tunica manicata, leaning on a pedum, held in his 1., with his elbow. Below the fragment of a field of inscription equipped with a composite column-head. The inscriptioncannotbe interpreted:S E - - - I V E - - - / C A - - - / - - -

104

100 Sarcophagus without an inscription. H. 65, W. 209, Th. 91 cm. — Sz615hegy, agriculturalwork. —Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeurn, Inv.-No. 27.1908.8. - cannot be identified.

Bibl.: J. H a m pel , Arch. Ert. 26(1906)259,- G. E r d Ely i, in: Intercisa I. Bp. 1954. 251. Inv.-No. 146.

On both sides of the empty field of inscriptionsepulchral Attis.

101 Side-wall of a tomb-aedicula. Fragment. Limestone. H. 116, Th. 17 cm. — Sz615hegy (= Oreghegy, Hauser-winegarden) —Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum, Inv.-No. 109. 1908.3.

Bibl.: A. H ek l e r , JOAI 15(1912) 190. Abb. 130. (Republished: H e k ler Antal v&logatott kisebb dolgozatai. Ed.: N. LANG, Bp. 1942. 286.) — A. H e k ler , in: Strena Buliciana. Zagreb-Split 1924.115. Abb. 9. - G. E r d Ely i, in: Intercisa I. Bp. 1954.251 f. Inv.-No. 148. Taf. LIV, 1-2. - G. E r d Elyi, A. rOmai k5farag&s 6s kOszobrSszat Magyarorszctgon. Bp. 1974.87. Abb. 104/a.

On theoutside, between pillars,on a high, narrow altar-base, the figure of sepulchral Attis, legs crossed, in a cloak, leaning on a pedum. Nearly the whole figure has been knocked off, the part above the waist missing. — On its inner side, the fragment of a male-figurein tunic, below the figure of a rider stepping towards the r. scratched in.

102 Fragment of an aedicula-wall. H. 76, W. 70, Th. 17.5 cm — From a late-Roman tomb, during an excavation. — Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum, Inv.-No. 6. 1926.2.

Bibl.: I. Pa u lo v ic s , AdunapenteleirOmai telep. (Intercisa). Arch. Hung. 2. Bp. 1927. 32 f. Abb. 10. - G. E r d Ely i, in: Intercisa I. Bp. 1954.169., 252. Inv.-No. 149. Taf. LIV, 3.

On the outside, between pillars, on a plain altar sepulchral Attis, feet crossed, with shoes, and the end of the pedum.

103Comer-stoneof a graveyard. H. 145, W. 40.5, Th. 32 cm. — Oreghegy, SzOOd-sz- 516. — Magyar Nemzeti Mdzeum, Inv.-No.: 56.1911.2.

Bibl.: T. Na g y , Bp. R. 15(1950)371. - G. E r d Ely i, in: Intercisa I. Bp. 1954. 253. Inv.-No. 163. Taf. LVIII, 4-5. - G. E r d Elyi, A r6mai k6farag5s 6s kOszobEiszat Magyarorsz&gon. Bp. 1974.81. Abb. 92.

On a plainly proportioned altar on its front-piece, the figure of Attis facing the onlooker, legs crossed. Dressed in a Phrygian cap, tunica manicata, trousers and cloak. Leans on a pedum. - On the other side a vine-tendrilspringingout of a crater.

104 Fragment of a relief in limestone. H. 73, W. 125, Th. 15 cm. — From a late-Roman tomb, from an excavation (Sz6r3d-Sz515). — Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum, Inv.-No.: 97/1913.

Bibl.: Z. OROSZLAN, Magyar Mhzeurn 1(1945) 57 ff. Abb. 1. - G. E r d Ely i, in: Intercisa I. Bp. 1954.163 f., 246. Inv.-No. 103. Taf. LXX, 9. - KAd Ar 29. Anm. 4.

105

The lower picture-fieldof an originally maybe huge tombstone, the depiction above (The main scene of the relief!) is missing. - Depiction of a sacrificial scene. In the middle a tripus, with a roasted duck on it. On the 1. side three figures: a man with a double whistle wearing a peaky cap and a sleeved, knee-lenght tunic. Beside him a man facing him, dressed in the similar way, holding a lyre. The third figure is unclothedwithbald head, his r. raised up, his 1. put across the body. He is dancing. In his upraised hand a crotalonfor sure. R. to the tripus on the edge of the picture a man in long clothingfacing r., in front of an altar as if offering a sacrifice: he holds over the altar a patara in his upraised hands. Behind him an other man in long clothing,also turningoutwards (to the r.), with the hands reaching out. Beside him a sitting dog facing the tripus. - In the two corners of the picture-field above, broken off, stylized dolphins (?), or bird-protomes(?).

The remain was considered to be a fragment of a cult-relief by O ro szla n , and was listed among the relics of the cult of Cybele. The scene depicted on it was interpreted as a mystery-scene by him. This interpretation was refused by E r d Plyi (and by KAd Ar followinghim), viewing the fragment as parto fa huge tombstone put together from many parts. He looks for the meaning of the scene in the field of the sepulchral sacrifice, so common in Pannonia. The fragment has not been included in A. Bu r g e r ’s work on this subject. (Aldozati jelenet Pannonia k5eml6kein. R6g. Fllz. II: 5. Bp. 1959.)

I think it must have been a tombstone; still I do not think that the meaning of the scene is to be found among the Pannoniansacrificialscenes with the pictureof camillus-ca- millaoffcringa sacrifice near a tripus, but — like O roszlan — I believe to recognize it for an independentculticactivity. A very importantelement of O r oszlan’s interpretationis, that the tripus — which is too big in relation to the figures, and which breaks through the fillet closing thescene, withist flap, while stretchinginto the upper, lost picture-field—was not part of the scene depicted here, but belonged to the lost scene of the upper field. (It has recently been exhaustively proved by L. Bark6 c z i, Arch. £rt. 109. 1982. 18 ff, that the tripus present on Pannonian tombstoneshad originallybelonged to the bust depicted in the picture-field.) At the same time, the scene represented on both sides of the picture obviouslyare unified: the dance and music depicted on thel. side supplement the sacrifice offered on the r. - No concrete analogies of the scene are known to me, yet the sacrificial scene of the tombstonefrom Tata (above: No. 60), where the cultic activity is carried out in a field surrounded by two figures of Attis, is worth being mentioned here.

s a r b o g A r d - a l s 6 t 6 b 6 r z s o k

105 Jug-handle in bronze. H. 8.4 cm. — Tomb-find. — Istvhn Kirdly Mftzeum, Sztkesfehfcrvhr, Inv.-No. 6738.

Bibl.: A. Ma r o si, Magyar MQvfeszet 6(1930) 475. - Zs. BAn k i, Az Istvhn Kirdly Mhzeum gyfijtemfenye. R6mai kori figurhlis bronz, ezttst 6s 61om t&rgyak. - La collection du Mus6e Roi Saint fetienne. ObjectsTomains figurfes en bronze, argent et

106

plomb. (Istv&n Kir&Iy Mhzeum Mdzeum KOzlemfenyei B: 30.) SzfckesfehfervSr 1972. 75. No. 38.

On its lower part head of Attis wearing a Phrygian cap. On its upper part the head of a hart with an antler.

V A J T A

106 Jug in bronze. H. 23.8, Diam. of the sole: 5.2 cm — From a tomb with a wagon. — Istv&n Kiraly Mfizeum, Szfekesfehfervhr, Inv.-No.: 9462.

Bibl.: A M a r o si, SzfekesfehfervSri Szemle 9(1939) 24. - A. R a d n 6t i, A pannoniai r6mai bronzedfenyek. (Diss. Pann. II: 6.) Bp. 1938.117. Taf. XLVII, 2. - F. FOl e p , Arch, fert. 76(1949) 42. - J. F it z , Fejfer megye tOrtdnete. 1/4. A r6mai kor Fejfer megydben. Szdkesfehferv&r 1970. Abb. 18. - Zs. BAnki, op. cit. 48 ff. No. 33.

On the upper part of the handle of the long-necked jug with a narrow orifice a swam, on its lower part a child-protomewith wings, wearing a Phrygian cap. On his shoulders a chlamys fastened with two fibulas. His eyes were originally inlaid with silver.

On depictions of Attis with wings see: M. J. Ver m a ser en , CCCA III, 344; IV, 133, 176,263.

D U N A F O L D V A R

107 Gable of a tombstone. H. 59, W. 94 cm. — Magyar Nemzeti Mfizeum, Inv.-No.: 212.1872.8.

Bibl.: G. E r d £ly i, in: Intercisa I. Bp. 1954. 187. Anm. 232. - KAd Ar 29. - G. E r d Ely i, A r6mai k5faragds 6s kOszobrhszat Magyarorszhgon, Bp. 1974.107. Abb. 148

A pair of lions, their heads turned forwards, in an antitheticalposition. Between their front legs the head of a ram. Between the lions, in the middle on a small postamens, the figure of Attis, legs crossed. Head missing. Dressed in tunica manicata, cloak, trousers. In his 1. a pedum turned downwards.

This is the only piece among the tombstone-gables with lions, so common in Pannonia, which can obviously be connected to the depictions of Cybele’s cult on the basis of its representation of Attis. On the further pieces a bearded head, rarely a calathos, sepulchral Genius, or the figure of Icarus are the most frequent to appear on the very same place. The interpretationof these depictions — in spite of numerous attempts (comp, the Appendix) — cannot be regarded as being satisfactorily solved in all of their details.

107

s z e k s z A r d

♦108 Jug handle in bronze. Found in a tomb (from a sarcophagus). 1845. — Magyar

Nemzeti Mftzeum.Bibl.: A. Ku bin y i, Szeksz&rdi r6gis6gek. Pest 1857........ - M. W osin szk y , Tolna

v&rmegye az Oskortbl a honfoglal'asig. Bp. 1896. II. 744 f. Taf. CLXXVIX. - A. R a d n 6 t i, A pannbniai r6mai bronzedfenyek. (Diss. Pann. II: 6.) Bp. 1938. 128. Taf. LII,4.

Second burial of Christian character from the late Roman period into an earlier richly carved sarcophagus in white marble (Comp. L. Nag y , in: Szent Istv&n EmlfekkOnyv I. Bp., 1938.48 ff.). A cast jug-handle, on its lower part an Attis-protomein a Phrygian cap, which must have been attached later to a special warming-pan in bronze divided into two parts, can be found among the rich grave-furniture. Made with primitive craftsmanship.

Z O M B A

109Tripus in bronze. H. 102 cm. — Its three legs are decorated with Attis-protomes.H. 9.5 cm. - Circumstances of discovery unknown.—Magyar Nemzeti Mtrzeum, Inv.-No.:2. 1935.1.

Bibl.: I. Pa u lo v ic s , Vezet5 a rdgfeszeli gyQjtemfenyben. Bp. 1938. 64. - A R a d n Ot i , in: Intercisa II. Bp. 1957. 186. - A. R a d n Ot i, in: Festschrift A. Barb, (WissenschaftlicheArbeitenaus dem Burgenland.)Eisenstadt 1966.213.- £. B 6 nis , Fol. Arch. 34(1983)93 ff. Abb. 2- 4.

The tripus with a cruciform band is placed on double human legs. The upper part of the legs are decorated by busts of Attis springing out of a cup of leaves. On their heads Phrygian caps, they are dressed in chlamyses fastened with fibulas on the shoulders. The back of the caps, which are decorated with dots are x-shaped. The eyes are inlaid with silver.

The find, which the tripus belongs to, consisted of 12 bronze-objects altogether (chandelier, bucket, scoop, jug, plates, balsamarium) - the whole find was considered to be "ein vergrabener Schatz”, which " gehOrte vielleichtzur Einrichtungeines Heiligtums”, by R a d n Ot i. The time of hiding has been dated back to the middle of the 3rd cent., most likely to the time of the great German attack of 260, by both R a d n Oti and BOnis. For its exact parallel see above: No. 55!

108

S O P I A N A E (P6cs, Funfkirchen)

110 Fragment of a tombstone. H. 30, W. 19, Th. 8 cm. — Site: P6cs, the corner of Janus Pannonius Str. and SzfekesfehfervSr Str. — Janus Pannonius Mftzeum, P6cs, Inv.-No.: 1713.

Bibl.: O. Sz Gny i, P6cs-Baranyai Mftzeum 6vk0nyve 1908.69. No. 3. - F. FULEP-A., SZ. Bu r g e r , P6cs r6mai kori k5eml6kei. - Die rOmerzeitlichen Steindenkm'aier von P6cs, P6cs 1974 (Dunanthli Dolgozatok7.) 30. Inv.-No. 65. Taf. XX, 2.

Sepulchral Attis, legs crossed, leaning on a pedum. In a knee-lenght tunic. Head broken off.

*

A small object in bronze with a head wearing a Phrygian cap — Attis? —, found on the place of todays Secondary School named after Lewis the Great, on Szfechenyi Square, was mentioned by F. Fu l e p , P6cs r6mai kori emlfekei, P6cs, 1963.45.

According to the inventory of the old V&rosi Mftzeum (Inv.-No.: 1939.844.) H. 3.7 cm. The head was given to the collection of the Secondary School named after Lewis the Great in 1959. Since then it has been lost.

M U R S A (Osijek, Esz6k)

111 Statue of Cybele in marble. Broken H. 82, W. 42, Th. 34 cm. (The original H. must have been about 140cm.)—Site: Osijek, the corner of Miljanoviceand Frankopanska Sir. (1966) — Muzej Slavoniji,Osijek Inv.-No.: 7923.

Bibl.: D. PiNTEROVifc, OsjeCki Zbornik 11(1967) 67., 79. Taf. I. - Se l e m , Les religions... 207 f. No. 15. PI. XXXVII.

Goddess sittingon a simple throne placed on a very low plin thos.Both of her legs rest on the back of a lion, lying across in front of the throne. The head of the lion is broken off. The goddess is dressed in a long, many folded chiton, on her back a him ation,the end of which put around her body rests in her lap. The head and both hands of the goddess are broken off.

Very beautifully shaped. Made from imported marble, most likely the work of a Greek (Balkan) sculptor. First part of the 2nd century.

The monumentalstatue must have been the cult-imageof a sanctuary for sure. The bases of this sanctuary is unknown for the time being.

112Terracottasculptureof Cybele. H. 21, W. 11.5, Th. 4 cm. — Found in the garden of the town hospital in Osijek in 1880, — Muzej Slavoniji. Osijek, Inv.-No.: 2606.

Bibl.: Sel e m , Les religions... 209 f. No. 17. Taf. XXXVIII. Also mentioned by: M. Bu l a t , Osjetki Zbornik 7(1960) 8. Anm. 19. - D. P in ter o v iL, loc. cit. 11(1967)72.

109

The goddess is seated on a throne with a high back. She is dressed in a long dress, fastened with a belt on her waist. On her head a long vail covering also the shoulders as well as the upper arms, hanging down beside the knees. The head-dress is broken off. Her hands rest on her knees. - No concrete attributes refer to the identification.lt might also be the representation of a local mother-goddess.

113 Fragment of a pine-cone-shaped night-light. Red terracotta. — Muzej Slavoniji, Osijek.

Bibl.: IvAn y i, N o. 3698.

S I R M I U M (Sremska Mitrovica, Mitrovic)

114 Terracotta statue of Attis. Reddish. H. 16 cm. — Site: between Voganj and Sremska Mitrovica. It was described in a private collection in Ruma, without the site mentioned, by B runSm id. — Lost.

Bibl.: J. Br u n Sm id , VHAD N. S. 4(1899-1900) 197 f. Abb. 99. - Sel e m , Les religions 210. No. 18. Abb. 5.

Standing figure in a Phrygian cap and a long dress. The dress is open a bit in front, in front of the abdomen. In his lowered hands a patera (?).

115 Statue o f Attis marble. Head broken off. H. 50 cm. Site: Mitrovica. — Lost.Bibl.: E. Ka lin k a - A. Sw o bo d a , Arc. Ep. Mitt. 13( 1890) 26. No. 4. - G r a il l o t 486.

Anm. 1. - R. M a r iC, Antitki kultovi u na5 zemlji. Beograd 1933. 72. - Sel e m , Les religions 211. No. 19.

Sepulchral Attis with the legs crossed, leaning on a pedum. His head had been propped with his 1. Dressed in tunica manicata, cloak anaxyrides. His back unfinished.

Lost statue, its detailed description: Ka lin k a -Sw o b o d a , loc. cit.

116 A large-sized adorned tombaltar. H. 104 cm (without the gable), W. 85, Th. 44 cm. — Muzej Sremska Mitrovica, museum of stonework finds.

Bibl.: CIL III 10 224. - ILS 9193. - G ra illo t 486. Anm. 1. - A. Sc h o b e r , Die rOm. Grabsteine von Noricum und Pannonien. Wien 1923.141 f. No. 323. Abb. 162/a-c.; 178. Abb. 186. - A. D o b6, Inscriptiones extra fines Pannoniae - Daciaeque repertae ad res earundem provinciarum pertinentes. Bp. 1975. No. 774. - P. M iloSev iC-R. Pr ic a , Kroz vekove Sirmiuma. Sremska Mitrovica 1979.6 f. mit Abb. - Se l e m , Les religions... 275 f. Addendum No. 2., Taf. XLIV.

The middle part is the finialof a monumental sepulchre originallyconsistingof three parts. Both the plinthos,which must originallyhave consisted of many parts as well, and the rim on the top are lost. The pine-cone set on top of the finial is missing, too.

On the front of the middle base inscriptionin a decorated frame. The frame is formed by a garland, in the four corners above the figures of a bird, salamander, turtle and bird,

110

while that of a pine-cone and a bird below. On the two narrow sides, in a plane frame, sepulchral A ttisstandingon a rock. Legs crossed, they are dressed in tunica manicatas and trousers. On their head Phrygian caps. The one on the 1. holds a Panpipe in front of his chest, and a pedum in his 1.. The one on the r. holds the pedum turned downwards in his r., and props up his head with his I. His face is damaged.

The gable-ornament, which must originally have belonged to this altar, is of square shape, narrowing upwards, shaped a bit like a concave. On its sides the decoration is the same as the garland framing the field of inscrip tion . Above ending in a Corinthian column-head with a flat top. On the top of the capital there must originally have been an ornament shaped like a pine-cone. (Analogy: S c h o b e r , op. cit. 114. Abb. 161.)The inscription:Tlitiisl Cominius / T(iti) f(ilius) Volt(inia tribu) Seve/nts Vienna (centurio) I leg(ionis) II adiutris(is) / donis donat(us) / ab imp (era tore) Caesare / Aug(usto) bello Dacico j torquibus armillis / phaleris corona veil! lari vixit annis X X X X V /T(itus) Caesernias Macedo / procurator) Augiitsti) her(es) ex test (amento) p(osuit).1st line: NI ligature,3rd line: NN written in one,5th line : DOnatus written in one,8th line: LIS ligature,11th line: Ni ligature,

"T. Caesernius Macedo procurator Augusti in Mauretania Caesariensis im J. 107 n. Chr." S ri ,in in RE 3(1897) 1309. Comp, also: H. G. Pn.AUM, Los carritrcs procurato- riennes... s. v.

The bellum Dacicum mentioned by the inscriptionrefers toDomitianus’Dacianwars, thus the remain can be dated back to the end of the 1st cen t.. During this time, between 86-107A. D., thedistriclofSirm ium had temporarilybelonged to Moesia Superior,comp.: A. MOCSY, Pannonia and Upper Moesia. London 1974. 82.; R. Sym e , Arch. Vestnik 19(1968) 103 f.

For the analogy of the remain, perfect in all respect, see:; V er m a ser en CCCA IV,226. - Aquileia.The workmanship,thedecoration,thecarvingof the inscriptionof the two reliefs show such similarity in all details, that it can be taken for sure, that they had been made in the same workshop — most likely in Aquileia — The sepulchre of Aquileia had been established for Q. Etuvius Capreolus, for the former legionarius (leg. III. Scyt.) from Vienna, too, (domo Vienna), who made a long military carrier, by his libertines.

Selem is right to call our attention to the fact, that the place where T. Cominius Severus comes from — Vienna of Gallilea— had already been an im portantcentre of the cult of Cybele in the 1st cent., comp. Ver m a se r e n , Cybelc and Attis. London 1977 136 f.

Among the symbols represented on the border of the inscription the salamander (lizard) and the turtle belong to the symbols of the cult of Sabazios most of all, they rarely appear among the remains of Cybele’s cult, comp.: CCCA IV. 153,268. Anyhow, between

111

these cults of Asia Minor, concerning the symbols of resurrection and eternal life, a relationshipcould easily have been formed.

117 A large-sized tombstone. Marble, broken into two. H. 247, W. 118, Th. 31 cm. —Wien, KunsthistorischesMuseum, Ant. samml. Inv.-No: III. 82.

Bibl.: CIL 111 3241. cf. p. 1040.-BUECHELER,CLEII, 1208 ,-J. H a m pel , Arch. Ert. 27(1907)316. Abb. 31. - A. Sc h o b e r , Die rOm. Grabsteinevon Pannonienund Noricum. Wien 1923.128 f. No. 280. Abb 142. - K. SAgi, Arch. Ert. 1944-45.218,229. No. 13. Taf. LXXXIX, 3. - R. No l l , Griechische und lateinische Inschriften der Wiener Antiken- sammlung. Wien 1962. 122. No. 409. - A. V. D om aszew ski-B. D o bso n , Die Rangord- nung des rOm. Heeres...

On its triangular gable a wagon facing r., with two sitting figures. In the upper triangles Eroses riding on hippocampuses.In the picture-field,between scaly columns two laurel wreaths, a bust within. Between the medallions a can above, patera below. Below that, in a narrow field, on the r. a man fighting a lion. The 1. part of the field is broken off. Below the inscriptionan other picture-field,divided into three, in the middle the portrayal of a married couple. On the r. and 1. sides, in niches ending in volutes, sepulchral Attis, legs crossed, in tunics and cloaks, leaning on long-handled pedums with the elbows. On their head Phrygian caps.

Inscription between columns with a twisted trunk. When the tombstone was sawed before being used for the second time, the two initial lines of the inscriptionwere ruined. / XXXVII Salvia an (nom m) XXIII

fnmi(enlario) leg(ionis) II adi(uiricis) caris suis hunc litul(um) posui.

Judging from the dimensions of the tombstone it is possible, that one of the tombstone gables with a pair of lions, known from Sirmium (comp, the Appendix) might have belonged to it.

Date: first part of the 2nd cent.

P A N N O N I A - unknown site.

118 Jug-handle in bronze. H. 16.5 cm. — Magyar Nemzeti Muzeum, Inv.-No.: 15. 1895.1.

Bibl.: A. R a d n Ot i, A pannbniai rdmai bronzedfenyek. (Diss. Pann. 11: 6.) Bp. 1938. 139. Taf. XLII, 7.

On the lower part of the loop the bust of Attis in a Phrygian cap and tunic. His 1. hand is raised up to his chest. One-onecurl of his wavy hair, divided into two, hang down to both of his shoulders. The two sides of his Phrygian cap are decorated by a pearl-shaped ornament. - In the middle of the loop a sitting animal, on its upper part a child’s mask facing the 1., a lympanon behind.

112

119 An other, very damaged piece (Inv.-No.: the same), in its working-out and size very much the same as the one described here, has been published by R a d n Ot i, s. p. Taf. XLII, 6.. Nevertheless, on this one the protome, although wearing a Phrygian cap, looks more like a female bust by reason of the 1. shoulder left unclothed, and of the woman-like bosoms. The Phrygian cap is surrounded by 5 projections— resembling a radiant crown. (Hermaphroditic Attis?) This object is listed among the known depictions of Attis by R a d n Ot i, wrongly for sure.

113

l l g 11 K6kkdt 20 Floriana (CsSkvSr)

2 Novo M esto 12 Fels<3d<3rgicse 21 CsSkbertny

3 Sl M artina d. Raab 13 Celamantia (iZa) 22 Sz6kesfeh6rvar

4 Pinkafeld 14 Tata 23 Aba

5 M annersdorf 15 Solva (Esztergom) 24 SarbogSrd

6 Sommerein 16 Ulcisia Castra 25 Vajta

7 Kaisersteinbruch (Szentendre) 26 DunafOldvdr

8 Putscherlucke 17 Civitas Eraviscorum 27 Szeksz^rd

9 G erulata (Rusovce) 18 Cam pona (Nagyt6t6ny) 28 Zomba

10 Keszthely 19 ZsSmb^k

Fig. 8. The map of the sites mentioned in the article

114

A P P E N D I X

Further the list of those tombstone gables are presented, in the interpretation of which research has not formed a clear-cut view till the present day. It would be difficult not to notice Cybele’s devastatingattendants.or the remains of the mythical shepherd’s, A ttis’ animals, in the two lions turning their back to each-other while lacerating a ram-head. Nevertheless, the interpretationof the symbols between the animals set in an antithetic position, is not that obvious. The bearded mask of a male, which is the most frequent to appear, is sometimes susbstitutedby simple cista or kalathos,and the combination of the motives is frequent, too. The male-head appears also with a Phrygian cap, or with horns in one occasion in Pannonia (in many cases in Dacia). At other occasions the mask of a woman appears between the lions. Once the mask is substituted by sepulchral Attis, then by a winged Genius (or: Ikarus?).

This group o f rem ains has traditionally been connected to the cult of Cybele by research — followingCoNZE, Cu m o n t , GRAiLLOTand Sc h o b e r —, em phasizing the fact in sepulchralplastic-art these motives had become elem ents of decorative function,m ainly based on the traditions of pattern books.

Yet, the key of the interpretationof gables with lions is not to be looked for in the figure of lions with a too general meaning, but in the symbols depicted in between, and first of all in the most frequently appearing figures of the bearded mask (or) and the depiction of kalathos. Graillot talks about "la tete barbue d’un Zeus Sabazios entre deux lions’ in his huge monograph on the cult of Cybele (p. 498.). Yet, Sc h o b er (Die rOm. Grabsteine ... 214.) — mainly on the strength of Co n z e ’s examples (ROm. Bildwerke einheimischen Fundortes in Osterreich. Wien 1878. Bd. II. 9.) — although leaves the question open, still he allocates the mask to the circle of Phrygian gods for sure. Basically this view can be traced back in Z. KAd Ar ’s and G. E r d £ly i’s opinions. KAd Ar (Die rOm. Steindenk- mdler von Savaria. Bp. 1971. 69 ff.) writes this way: "Wahrscheinlich ist diese bSrtige G ottheitein Paredros der Kybele, ein Gott, in dem die Zllge des Zeus und des Dionysos vereint sind". While, according to E r d £lyi (A rOmai kOfaraghs ... Bp. 1974. 107.) ’a Phrygian god, maybe the Phrygian Zeus had been depicted by the bearded head of a god.’

The view, already rejected by Sc h o b e r , recently explained in details by B. G a v ela (Starinar Srpske AkademijeNauka 1954-1955.43 ff.), differs a lot from this explanation. According to it, the mask of a male could be interpreted as a Sarapis-head, by reason of the kalathos-likehead-dress often connected to it or of the symmetrical arrangement of the curls on the forehead of the mask. Thus a special group of the spread of Egyptian cults — also easily defined by its territory—, a special form of Egyptian syncretism, present on the Danubian territories would be indicated by the gables with lions. G a v ela ’s opinion has been accepted by Egyptologian research (comp.: J. Lec la n t , Orientalia 27. 1958. 98 f.) that’s how these objects were included—among many others—in G. J. F. Ka t e r -Sibbes’ huge work entitled: Preliminary CatalogueofSarapis Monuments (EPRO 36) Leiden 1973.

115

c., as well as in P. Sel e m ’s work on the South-Pannonian O riental religions (Les religions...).

As for myself, I do not see enough reasons for referring this group of remains, worth a special attentionfrom all respects, solely to the inheritanceof just one Orientalcult. The single elements — lions, ram-heads, apotropaicmask, kalathosor cista — forming these gables are of such a general meaning by themselves, they play an important role on the representations of so many religions, that the primacy of none can be accepted. Lions guarding tombs can be found in any of the cultures of the Eastern shore of the M editerra­nean Sea starting from the 20th cent, onwards. The role of the ram as a sacrificial animal is of the same universality. Neither does the other-world or new life symbolic of the wheat kept in a kalathosallow the highlightingof any of the territories,or religious environments. Yet, in those cases where the depiction carries more but these generalities, our attention can equally be turned to both the attributes of the Egyptian gods (the ram-horns of Ammon) and to those of the gods of Asia Minor (Phrygian cap, Attis funeraire). — For this reason, I think, that in these depictions, alike to some other characteristic motives of provincial tombstone plastic-art of the 2nd-3rd centuries (e.g. in certain motives of the so called ’sacrificialscenes’, in theso called ’wind-godprotomes’etc.) a sepulchralsyncretism’ is expressed, thus these relics belong to the inheritanceof many religions.

Since in case of the tombstonegables with lions, I consider their connectionto the cult of Cybele to be of much importance, the brief survey of these remains seemed to be relevant here as well.

P O E T O V I O

1 S c h o b e r , Die rOm. Grabsteine ...65.No. 141. Abb. 67,- So called"Pranger". - Between the lions kalathos.

2 S e le m , Les religions ...16. No. 22. - Muz. Ptuj, Inv.-No. 125. - Between the lions the mask of a male and a kalathos.

3 S e le m , op. cit. 16. No. 23. - Muz. Ptuj, Inv.-No. 759/b. - Between the lions the mask of a male and a kalathos.

4 S e le m , op. cit. 17. No. 24. - Muz. Ptuj, Inv.-No. 759/a. - Bearded head of a male, kalathos. The two lions had broken off.

5 SELEM, op. cit. 17. No. 25. - Muz. Ptuj, without an Inv.-No. - Mask of a male with a kalathos. The two lions had broken off.

6 S e le m , op. cit. 17. No.26. - Muz. Putj. without an Inv.-No. - Head of a male. Fragmentary, very damaged.

G O R N J A L E N D A V A

7 S e le m , op. cit. 10. No. 14. - Magyar Nemzeti Mdzeum, Bp. Inv.-No. 23/1863. - Between the lions the mask of a male.

116

D O L N J A L E N D A V A

8 J. SaSe l , Kronika 3(1955) 44 ff. Abb. 3. - Muz. Murska Sobota. - Between lions the mask of a male.

S A V A R I A

9 Die rOm. Steindenkm'&er ... No. 188. - Savaria Mhzeum. - Mask of a male, kalathos (?). The two lions missing.

10 Op. cit. No. 189. - Savaria Mhzeum. - Winged Genius (Ikarus?) between lions.

11 Op.cit. No. 190. - Savaria Mftzeum. - Between lions the mask of a male.12 Op. cit. No. 191. - Savaria Mftzeum. - Formerly the mask of a male

between lions. Irrecognizable, the lion on the 1. had broken off.13 Op. cit. 192. No. - Savaria Mtizeum. - Between lions the mask of a male

wearing horns of ram. Very fragmentary. For its detailed interpretationsee: KAd Ar ,in: Die rOm. SteindenkmiSer ... 69 ff.

14 Op. cit. No. 193, 194, 197. - Savaria Mhzeum. - Three sepulchres, orfragments with lions, all other depictions between the lions missing.

B U R G (Burgenland)

15 M. -L. Kr o g e r , CSIR 1/5. No. 25. - Hannersdorf. Pfarrkirche (built in). - A fragment, the representation in between missing.

G R O B P E T E R S D O R F ( B e z . Oberwart)

16 M. -L. KROGER, CSIR 1/5. No. 26-28. - Stegersbach, Heimat undLandesmuseum. Inv.-No. LM 10094., or Eisenstadt, Landesarchiv.-They must be the fragments of three series of tombstones.

*

The great number of fragments listed under No. 104-121. in: M. -L- Kr Og e r , CSIR 1/2., have not been detailed here. Althoughthey belong to the tombstones of this kind, still they carry no important pieces of information, because of their being nothing else but fragments.

C A R N U N T U M

17 M. -L. Kr Og e r , CSIR 1/4. No. 409. - Petronell, Schlofl Traun - Between lions the mask of a male, wearing a Phrygian cap.

117

A Q U I N C U M

18 Ku zsin szk y , Ausgr. 157. No. 250. Abb. 124. - Aquincumi Mbzeum. - Between lions the head of a male, kalathos.

19 Op. cit. 92. Abb. - Aquincumi Mhzeum. - Fragment: only one of the lionshas remained.

T A B A J D

20 G. E r d £ly i, A rOmai k5faragSs... Abb. 151. - Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum,Bp. Inv.-No. 107.1901.5. - Between lions the mask of a male, kalathos (?).

I N T E R C I S A

21 Intercisa I. No. 240. - Magyar Nemzeti Mhzeum, Bp. Inv.-No. 212. 1872.3. - Between lions a simple fillet.

22 Op.cit. 241. - Magyar Nemzeti Mftzeum, Bp. 27. 1903. 3. - Between lionsthe mask of a male. Very fragmentary.

23 Op.cit. 242-44. Magyar Nemzeti Mftzeum, Bp. Inv.-No. 22. 1905. 19.; 97. 1909.6.-7.; or Istvhn Kirhly Mhzeum, Szfekesfehfervhr, Inv.-No. 50., 149. Fragments.

D U N A F O L D V A R

24 Op.cit. p. 187. Anm. 232.- Comp, above: No. 107. Between the lions sepul chral Attis.

S O P I A N A E

25 F. FOlep - A., SZ. Bu r g e r , Pfecs r6mai kori emlfekei. PCcs 1974. 28.No. 57. Taf. XX, 3. - Janus Pannonius Mhzeum, Pfecs, Inv.-No A fragmentarygable, only one of the lions has remained.

P O P O V A C

26 D. P in ter o v ic , OsjeCki Zbornik 11(1967) 73. Abb. 3. Between the lions kalathos with the mask of a female (?).

M U R S A

27 D. PiNTEROvit, OsjeCki Zbornik 11(1967) 73. Abb. 2. Muz. Osijek Inv.-No. 7316. Fragment. Originally two lions. The mask of a female in between. Comp.: Sel e m , Les religions... 208 f. No. 16., who consides this remain also to be the document of Cybele’s cult.

118

T E U T O B U R G I U M

28 S e le m , Les religions... 23 f. No. 38. - Muz. Osijek, Inv.-No. 6148. Between lions a kalathos with its orifice turned downwards, on its side an inscription framed by tabula ansata:Dis M{anibus)

B A S S I A N A E

29 S e le m , Les religions... 30. Fragment. Only the head of the lion has re mained.

31 Op. cit. 29 f. No. 48. Originally two lions. The mask of a male, kalathos in between.

S I R M I U M

32 Se l e m , Les religions... 26. No. 41.- Mus. Arh. Zagreb, Inv.-No. 164/a-b.: 165. Three matching fragments. Between the lions the mask of a male, kalathos.

33 Op.cit. 27. No. 42. - Mus. Sremska Mitrovica. Between lions the mask of a male, kalathos. On the side of the kalathos tabula ansata without inscription.

34 Op.cit. 27. No. 43. - Mus. Sremska Mitrovica. Between lions the mask of a male, kalathos.

35 Op.cit. 27 f. No. 44. - Mus. Sremska Mitrovica. Between the lions the mask of a male, kalathos.

36 Op.cit. 28. No. 45. - Mus. Sremska Mitrovica. Fragment. Originally two lions. The mask of a male, kalathos in between.

37 J. B ru n S m id , VHAD 7(1905) 89. No. 16. A fragment, only the head of the lions has remained.

ABBREVIATIONS

Abramic, Ftthrer M. Abramic, Poetovio.Fllhrer durch die Denkmhler der rOm.Stadt. Wien 1926.

AIJ V. Hoffiler-B. Saria, Antike Inschriften aus Jugoslavien.Zagreb 1938. (Reprint: Amsterdam 1970.)

An. 6p. L’Annbe 6pigraphique (Pars)Ant. br. Jug. Lj. B. Popovi'c-D. Mano Zisi-M. Velitkovifc, Antitka Bronza

u Jugoslaviji. Beograd 1969.Ant. Tan. Antik Tanulm&nyok (Budapest)Arch.-ep. Mitt. Archaeologisch-epigraphischeMitteilungen(Wien)

119

Arch. £rt.Arch. Hung.Arch. Korresp. bl. Arch. KOzl.AVBibl.Class.Orient.BJBpRCCCA

CIL,CIMRM

CLE

CSIRCumont, MMM

CZNDiss.Bern.Diss. Pann.Epigr. Stud. EPRO

Fol. Arch. Graillot

Hepding

ILJug

Intercisa I.

Intercisa II.

Ivfinyi

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