6 TEACHING HOURS: 6 Unit I Introduction to Animal Kingdom

SEMESTER I

PAPER - I: INVERTEBRATA

CODE: 17BZM101 CREDITS: 6

TEACHING HOURS: 6

Unit I

Introduction to Animal Kingdom – Binomial Nomenclature. General characteristics and outline

classification of Invertebrates upto classes with examples.

Phylum: Protozoa- General characters and classification upto classes with examples.

Type study: Paramecium.

Life cycle of Plasmodium vivax.

Unit II

Phylum: Porifera-General characters and classification upto classes with examples.

Type study: Sycon.

Canal system in Sponges.

Phylum: Coelenterata-General characters and classification upto classes with examples.

Type study: Obelia geniculate.

Polymorphism in Coelenterates.

Unit III

Phylum: Platyhelminthes-General characters and classification upto classes with examples.

Type study – Taenia solium.

Phylum: Aschelminthes. General characters and classification upto classes with examples.

Type study – Ascaris lumbricoides

Unit IV

Phylum: Annelida - General characters and classification upto classes with examples.

Type study – Nereis

Metamerism in annelids.

Phylum: Arthropoda-General characters and classification upto classes with examples.

Type study: Penaeus.

Economic importance of Honeybee.

UNIT V

Phylum: Mollusca-General characters and classification upto classes with examples.

Type study: Pila globose.

Phylum: Echinodermata. General characters and classification upto classes with examples.

Type study: Sea star; Water vascular system,

Echinoderm larvae and their significance.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1) Jordan, E.L and P.S. Verma. 1995, Invertebrate Zoology and elements of animal physiology, S.

Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.

2) Ayyar, E.K and T. Ananthakrishnan, 1992. Manual of Zoology Vol.1 Invertebrates Part I and II, S.

Viswanathan Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd. Madras.

3) Kotpal, R.L. 1992. (All Series). Rastogi Publications, Meerut.

4) Nair, N.C., N. Arumugam, N. Soundarapandian, T. Murugan and S. Leelavathy. 2010. A textbook of

Invertebrates. Saras Publication, Nagercoil.

THE NEW COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI 600014

B.Sc. DEGREE BRANCH – IV CHEMISTRY

CBCS Pattern SYLLABUS (Effective from 2017-2018)

______________________________________________________________________________

ALLIED CHEMISTRY – I:

FOR PLANT BIOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY MAJOR STUDENTS

SEMESTER III: TEACHING HOURS: 90

Code: 17BEA301 CREDITS: 3

UNIT – I (15 hours)

1.1 Basic Chemistry: Aufbau principle – Pauli’s exclusion principle - Hund’s rule –

Electronic configurations of the elements.

1.2 Modern periodic law- long form of periodic table – definition and periodicity in

properties -atomic radii - ionic radii -ionization potential -electron affinity-

electronegativity.

1.3 Types of bonds- ionic, covalent, coordinate and metallic bonds.

UNIT–II (15 hours)

2.1 Vitamins-fat soluble vitamins- A, D, E and K-water soluble vitamins. Vitamins B1,

B2, B3, B5, B12 and Vitamin C-source, function and deficiency.

2.2 Enzymes-Nomenclature and classification, Mechanisms of enzyme and co-enzyme

reactions.

2.3 Hormones: Introduction-properties and chemical nature of hormones-structure and

physiological functions of adrenaline, thyroxin and insulin.

UNIT–III (15 hours)

3.1 Sugar Chemistry - Sugar Industry in India- Sugarcane and Sugar Bett - Manufacture

of Cane Sugar. Extraction of Juice- Concentration - Separation of crystals - Recovery

of glucose from molasses defection. Sulphitation and carbonation- Testing and

Estimation of Sugar. Double Sulphitation process.

3.2 Preparation of Bagasse - Use of Bagasse for manufacture of paper and electricity

Preparation of Alcohol from Molasses - Preparation of Absolute Alcohol Manufacture

of Rectified spirit, Methylated spirit - Power Alcohol.

UNIT–IV Food Chemistry (15 hours)

4.1 Food additive- artificial sweeteners -saccharin cyclamate and aspartame- food flavors

Esters and aldehydes (any two) antioxidants- emulsifying agents (any two) food

preservatives - vinegar and citric acid- leavening agents- baking powder- yeast . Taste

enhancers- Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and Ajinomoto.




______________________________________________________________________________

4.2 Beverages-soft drinks-composition of soft drinks-Adverse effect of beverages.

4.3 Adulterants in food-definition, classification, injurious adulterants/contaminants in

foods and their health effects, simple method of detection and prevention of food

adulterants.

UNIT – V (30 Hours)

5.1 Insecticides and Pesticide - Definition - classification Inorganic pesticides; lead arsenate,

Paris green, lime, sulphur, hydrocyanic acid- organic pesticides, (DDT and Gammexane)

Fungicides - repellants.

5.2 Fertilizer - Definition - nutrients for plant - role of various elements in plants growth

natural and chemical fertilizers - classification of chemical fertilizers –NPK fertilizer, urea,

super phosphate and potassium nitrate - mixed fertilizer industry in India.

5.3 Petrochemicals - Elementary study - definition - origin - octane number, classification,

Fuels, calorific value of fuels-, Fuel gases- natural gas, water gas, producer gas, LPG and biogas

(composition and uses only).




______________________________________________________________________________

ALLIED CHEMISTRY – II:

FOR PLANT BIOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY MAJOR STUDENTS

SEMESTER IV: TEACHING HOURS: 90

Code: 17BEA402 CREDITS: 3

UNIT – I (15 hours)

1.1 Carbohydrates: Classification-mono, oligo and polysaccharides. Reducing and non-

reducing sugars. Structures of Glucose and Fructose.

1.2 Amino acids: Classification-acidic, basic and neutral; essential and non-essential amino

acids-Prepartion of alpha amino acids (glycine)-isoelectric point and zwitter ion.

UNIT – II (15 hours)

2.1 Paper Technology: Introduction, Manufacture of Pulp, various raw materials used

for the preparation of Pulp. Preparation of Sulphite Pulp, Soda Pulp, Rag Pulp. Various

Processes: Beating Refining, Filling sizing and colouring. Manufacture of paper, calendaring,

uses.

2.2 Milk Chemistry: Composition of milk-physical properties of milk-effect of heat on

milk-pasteurisation and homogenization- milk product (cream and butter).

UNIT – III (15 hours)

3.1 Medicinal Chemistry: Classification of drugs-Sulpha drugs: synthesis of

sulphanilimide, structure and uses of sulphadiazine and sulphamethoxazole-

Antibiotics: Broad spectrum antibiotics and their uses (structural elucidation is not

required)-Antipyretics: synthesis and uses of aspirin.

UNIT – IV (30 hours)

4.1 Water Quality Analysis - Chemical and physical analysis of water quality

parameters - Standards prescribed for water quality by WHO and other Indian

Standards. Sea water as a source of drinking water - Electrodialysis method and reserve

osmosis method for purifications of water.

4.2 Sewage Treatment - Municipal waste water - sewage treatment - Aerobic and

anaerobic processes - miscellaneous method of sewage treatment.

4.3 Method of rainwater harvesting and its advantages.

UNIT – V (15 hours)

5.1 Common diseases and their treatments- Definition-Insect born diseases-malaria

and filariasis-Air born diseases-diphtheria and tuberculosis, water born diseases -

cholera, typhoid-treatment and prevention.

5.2 Micronutrients and their biological role- Biological function of some micro

minerals Iron, Copper, Iodine, Fluorine, Zinc.

SEMESTER - V

PAPER – V: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY


TEACHING HOURS: 6

Unit I

Introduction and scope of physiology and Biochemistry - Nutrition – Vitamins and deficiency diseases-

Digestion in man- Digestive enzymes, Absorption, Assimilation and Defaecation- Respiration –

Respiratory pigments, transport of respiratory gases.

Unit II

Circulation – Blood and lymph - Composition and functions of blood, Structure and physiology of Human

heart, Blood pressure- Excretion – Types of excretory products –Mechanism of Urine formation in man.

Osmoregulation in freshwater, brackish, Marine fishes.

Unit III

Thermoregulation in homeotherms and poikilotherms- Ultrastructure of muscles, contractile proteins,

Mechanism of muscle contraction- Structure of Neuron and its types, Conduction of nerve impulse,

synapse- synaptic transmission; reflex action- Sense organs – Photo and Phono receptors.

Unit IV

Endocrine glands – Structure and functions of Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, Islets of Langerhans and gonads.

Enzymes – Classification, Mechanism of enzyme action, enzyme substrate complex, enzyme inhibition-

Holoenzyme – Apoenzyme – Coenzyme- Antienzyme.

Unit V

Carbohydrates – Classification - structure of glucose and its metabolism – Glycogenesis, .Glycogenolysis,

Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation. Gluconeogenesis; Protein - Classification – Primary,

secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of protein. Deamination, transamination and urea cycle.

Lipids – general classification of β – oxidation of fatty acids.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1) Verma, P.S., Tyagi, B.S. and Agarwal, V.K. 2002. Animal Physiology. S. Chand and Co. Ltd.

2) Ambhika Shanmugam. 1990. Fundamentals of Biochemistry for Medical students

3) Mariakuttikan, A and Arumugam, N. 1997. Animal Physiology. Saras Publication.

4) Knut Schmidt-Neilson. 2002. Animal Physiology – Adaptations and Environment – V ed. Cambridge

University Press.

5) Hoar, S.W. 1976. General and Comparative Physiology. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi..

6) Jain, J.L. 1988. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. S. Chand and Co., New Delhi.

7) Arumugam, N., Dulsy Fathima, R.P. Meyyan, K. Nallasingam, S. Prasannakumar, A. Mariakuttikan

and L.M. Narayanan. 2014. Animal Physiology and Biochemistry. Saras publication, Nagercoil

SEMESTER - V

PAPER – VI: BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOSTATISTICS


TEACHING HOURS: 6

Unit I

Biotechnology- Definitions- Indian scenario: Centres, activities and achievements of Biotech industries in

India - Agriculture, food, medicine and industry – Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and protection (IPP)

- Bioinformatics– scope and applications – Human Genome project.

Unit II

Tools of Genetic Engineering – Restriction Enzymes- DNA ligases, Cloning vectors- pBR 322. Basic

cloning techniques - Isolation of DNA, Insertion of DNA into a vector- Transfer of recombinant DNA into

bacteria. Gene Transfer techniques using electroporation, shotgun method and microinjection. Principle

and applications of PCR, Southern, Northern and Western blotting - DNA sequencing and DNA finger

printing.

UNIT III

Applications of Biotechnology in Medicine and Animal Breeding - Transgenic animals – Hybridoma

technique and production of monoclonal antibodies- Gene therapy. Principle, techniques and applications

of animal cell culture. Environmental Biotechnology - Biofuels – Bioremediation – Biosafety.

UNIT IV

Biostatistics – Definition and Scope- Collection of data – Primary and secondary data, census and sampling

methods. Presentation of data – classification and tabulation, frequency distribution – diagrammatic and

graphical representation of data.

Unit V

Measures of central tendency: Arithmetic mean – Definition and computation for different types of data –

Definition of Median and Mode. Measures of dispersion: Standard deviation – Definition and computation

for different types of data. Correlation: Definition and computation of Karl Pearson’s co-efficient of

correlation.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1) R.C. Dubey. 2004. A text book of Biotechnology, S. Chand and Co. , New Delhi

2) S.S. Purohit and S.K. Mathur. 1999. Biotechnology – Fundamentals and applications. Agro-Botanica,

New Delhi

3) Brown, T.A. 1995. Gene Cloning, Stanley Thomas Publishers.

4) Gurumani, N. 2005. An introduction to Biostatistics. MJP Publishers, Chennai.

5) Arumugam, N. 2015. Basic concepts of Biostatistics. Saras Publications, Nagercoil.

SEMESTER V

MBE I: CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY


TEACHING HOURS: 6

Unit I

Classification and diversity of microorganisms – Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Archaebacteria, Algae, Fungi,

Protozoa and Viruses. – Basic Culture techniques for identification of bacteria. Epidemiology of infectious

diseases: Viral diseases – AIDS, Hepatitis B – prevention and control. Bacterial diseases – Air borne

(Tuberculosis, Diphtheria), food and water borne diseases (Cholera and Typhoid).

Unit II

Sterilization – physical, mechanical, chemical and radiation methods – laboratory safety and hygiene –

First aid – Bio-safety and waste disposal.

Unit III

Clinical laboratory – functional components, significance in health care and Disease diagnosis – Basic

clinical laboratory plan and requirements – instruments – glassware – cleaning and maintenance –

Laboratory records and reports.

Unit IV

Phlebotomy – determination of bleeding time, clotting time, Haemoglobin, Total count of RBC, WBC,

Differential count of WBC, Blood smear for identification of malarial parasites and microfilaria.

Unit V

Estimation of blood sugar, urea and total cholesterol. Physical, chemical and microscopic analysis of urine;

stool, semen; serology – WIDAL and β – HCG Pregnancy test.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1) Dubey, R.C and D.K. Maheswari. 1999. A text book of Microbiology. S. Chand and Co. Ltd, New

Delhi.

2) Pelczar, M.J., E.C.S. Chan and N.R. Krieg. 2003. Microbiology. Tata-McGraw Hill Publ. Co. (Ltd.).

3) Ramnik Sood. 2003. Medical laboratory technology – Methods and interpretations. Jaypee Bros.

Medical Publ. (P) Ltd; New Delhi.

4) K.M. Samuel. 1999. Notes on clinical laboratory techniques, 4th edn. MKG Iyyer and Sons Publ.

Chennai

5) Kanai, L. Mukherjee. 1988. Medical laboratory technology vol. I, II and III. Tata-McGraw Hill Publ.

Co. (Ltd.).

6) Mani, A., A.M. Selvaraj, L.M. Narayanan and N. Arumugam. 2015. Microbiology. Saras Publication.

Nagercoil.

THE NEW COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 14

Syllabus for M.Sc. Zoology effective from the year 2017-2018

Year: I year Semester: I

Title: PAPER – I INVERTEBRATA

Credits: 4 Max. Marks 75

UNIT – 1

Principles of Taxonomy. Nomenclature: Binomial, Trinomial; taxonomic keys. Outline classification of

Invertebrates upto class level.

Protozoa: Polymorphism; Parasitic protozoans of man. Theories on Origin and evolution of Metazoa.

Porifera: Affinities, origin and systematic position.

Coelenterata: Origin and evolution, Polymorphism, Corals and theories of Coral reef formation.

Ctenophora: Structural peculiarities and affinities.

UNIT – II

Helminthes: Origin and evolution of Bilateria. Platyhelminthes: Adaptations for parasitic mode of life.

Annelida: Theories on origin of Metamerism. Origin and evolution of Coelom.

UNIT – III

Arthropoda: Phylogeny of Arthropoda – origin and evolution. Crustacean larvae and their significance.

Mollusca: Monoplacophora and origin of Mollusca.

Echinodermata: Origin and Phylogeny of Echinoderms. Evolutionary significance of Echinoderm larvae.

UNIT – IV

Minor phyla: Structural peculiarities and affinities of: Rotifera, Entoprocta and Ectoprocta.

UNIT – V

Comparative functional anatomy of feeding, nervous and reproduction in invertebrates.

Reference Books

1. Barnes R.D. (1982) Invertebrates Zoology 6th Edition. Toppan International Company.

2. Hyman L. H. (1940 – 1959) The Invertebrata, Volume I – VI.

3. Barrington, E.J.W (1969) Invertebrate Structure and Function. English Language. Book Society.

4. Kotpal, R.L (1982) Protozoa to Echinodermata and Minor Phyla. Rastogi Publication.

5. Moore, R.C Lalickar, C.G and Fisher, A. G (1952) Invertebrate fossils, Tata McGraw Hill Book

co. New York.

6. Gardiner, M.S. (1972) The Biology of Invertebrates, Mc Graw Hill Book Co. New York.


Syllabus for M.Sc. Zoology effective from the year 2017-2018


Title: PAPER – III CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS


CELL BIOLOGY

UNIT 1

Principle and uses of Compound and Electron microscopes. Structure of eukaryotic cell – Animal cell.

Structural organization and functions of Plasma membrane, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes,

endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and nucleus.

UNIT II

Structure and functions of chromosomes. Cell division and cell cycle (Mitosis and meiosis); Cancer

biology.

GENETICS

UNIT III

Molecular structure of DNA and RNA – types of RNA; DNA replication; Fine structure of gene; Operon

concept; transposons; Protein synthesis and gene expression: transcription and translation level.

UNIT IV

Human genetics: karyotypes, genetic disorders. Sex determination.

Extra chromosomal inheritance. Microbial genetics: transformation, conjugation, transduction and

sexduction.

UNIT V

Mutation: Types – germinal and somatic mutation. Structural and numerical alterations of chromosomes:

Deletion, duplication, inversion and translocation; ploidy. Population genetics – Populations, Gene pool,

Gene frequency; Hardy-Weinberg Law.

CELL BIOLOGY

Reference books

1. De Robertis, E. D. F. and De Robertis, E. M. F. (1981) Cells and Molecular Biology, Saunder

International Edition.

2. Verma and Agarwal, 2004. Cell and Molecular Biology. S. Chand & Co. New Delhi.

3. Ambrose, E. J. and Dorothy. M. E., (1979) Cell Biology. II edition. The English language. Book

Society.

4. Albert. B and Watson. J. D., (1990) Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing London.

GENETICS

Reference Books

1. Rastogi, V. B. 2002. A text book of Genetics. Kedarnath Ramnath publ., Meerut.

2. Gardner, (1984) Principles of Genetics, 7th edn. Wiley private Limited. New York.

3. Watson. J. D. (1980) Molecular Biology of Gene, W. A Benjamin and Company, New York.

4. Burns, G. W. (1968) The Science of Genetics, Mc Millan Company, New York.

5. Ayala, F. J. & Keiger, J. A. Jr. (1980) Modern Genetics, The Benjamin Publ. Co., Inc.


Syllabus for M.Sc Zoology effective from the year 2017-2018

Year: I year Semester: II

Title: PAPER – IV BIOSTATISTICS, COMPUTER APPLICATIONS & BIOINFORMATICS


UNIT I

BIOSTATISTICS

Collection, classification and presentation of data-Definition of statistical population and sample in

biological studies. Variables – qualitative and quantitative; discrete and continuous. Census and sampling

methods. Types of classification. Diagrammatic and graphical representations of data – Bar diagram – Pie

diagram. Frequency diagram: histograms, frequency polygon and frequency curve.

UNIT II

Descriptive statistics- Measures of central tendency: Definition and computation of Arithmetic mean,

median and mode (ungrouped, discrete and continuous frequency distributions).

Measures of dispersion: Definition of range, quartile deviation and mean deviation. Definition and

computation of Standard deviation for different types of data (ungrouped, discrete and continuous

frequency distribution). Standard error.

UNIT III

Basic principles of probability. Test of significance: Chi-square test (problem relating to genetics), t – test.

Correlation: Definition and types – Co-efficient of correlation; Regression analysis.

UNIT IV

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Introduction to computers: Generations of Computers. Computer hardware: CPU and other peripheral

devices such as input, output, auxiliary storage, printer etc. Computer software: Salient features and

applications of MS – Word, MS – Excel, MS – Powerpoint and MS – Windows. Internet and E-mail –

Definition & uses.

UNIT V

BIOINFORMATICS

Bioinformatics – Scope, importance and applications; Bioinformatics in India – Biological databases –

DNA structure, determination and sequence analysis; protein structure determination and sequence analysis

– pair wise and multiple sequence alignment techniques using FASTA & BLAST – Human genome project.

BIOSTATISTICS

Reference books

Gurumani, N. (2005) Biostatistics, 2nd MJP publications, India.

Snedecor, G. W and Cochran, W.G. (1967) Statistical Methods. Oxford & IBH Publication Co., New Delhi.

Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.J (1969) Biometry. The principles and practice of Statistics in Biological

Research. W. H. Freman and Co., San Francisco.

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Reference books

Kalicharan, N. (1988). An Introduciton to Computer Studies. Cambridge University Press.

Atwood, T. K. and Parry – Smith, D.J., (2001). Introduction to Bioinformatics, Pearson Education

Publication, Asia.

BIOINFORMATICS

Reference books

Harshawardhan, P.B., 2006. Bioinformatics-Principles and Application, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

Ignachimuthu, 2005. Basic Bioinformatics, Narosa Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

Attwood, T.K. & Parry-Smith, D.J., 2001. Introduction to Bioinformatics, Pearson Education Publication,

Asia.

Lesk, A.M., 2003. Introduction to Bioinformatics, Oxford University Press, Oxford.



Year: I year Semester: II

Title: PAPER – VI EVOLUTION AND BEHAVIOUR


UNIT I

Emergence of evolutionary thoughts: Darwinism; Neo-Darwinism; Darwin–concepts of variation, struggle,

fitness and natural selection, Lamarckism and Neo-Lamarckism; mutation theory. Theory of Special

Creation. Concept of Oparin and Haldane, Experiment of Miller.

UNIT II

Paleontology and Evolutionary History:

The evolutionary time scale; Eras, periods and epoch; Major events in the evolutionary time scale; Origin

of unicellular and multicellular organisms; Major groups of animals; Stages in human evolution.

UNIT III

Adaptation and speciation:

Adaptive radiation; Isolating mechanisms; Speciation; Allopatricity and Sympatricity; Convergent and

divergent evolution; Sexual selection; Co-evolution.

BEHAVIOUR

UNIT IV

Brain and Behaviour -Learning, memory, cognition, sleep and arousal; Domestication and behavioral

changes in Primates, Biological clocks.

UNIT V

Social Behaviour

Social communication; Social dominance; Use of space and territoriality; Aggressive behaviour.

EVOLUTION

Reference books

Arumugam, N. 2004. Evolution, Saras Publication.

Dodson E.O. (1990). Evolution. Reinhold, New York

Moody P.A. (1978) Introduction to Evolution. Harper International

Stebbine G.L. (1979). Processes of Organic Evolution. Prentice Hall India, New Delhi.

BEHAVIOUR

Reference books

Patik Baran Mandal, 2012. Animal Behaviour, PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi.

McFarland, D. 1987. Animal Behaviour, ELBS, Avon.

Krebs, J.R and N.B. Davies, 1991. An introduction to Behavioural Biology.

Blackwell Scientific, London.




Title: ELECTIVE –II BIOTECHNOLOGY

Credits: 3 Max. Marks: 75

UNIT – I

Biotechnology – Definition and Applications of biotechnology – Human genome project – Biosafety –

Bioethics – Ethical Legal Social Issues (ELSI) – Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) – Intellectual Property

Protection (IPP).

UNIT – II

Gene cloning – types of restriction enzymes – ligase, linkers and adaptors - cDNA. Cloning vectors – types;

pBR 322 and bacteriophage. DNA finger printing – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) –

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – Genomic library – Blotting techniques – Southern, Northern &

Western.

UNIT – III

Transgenic animals – Biofertilizers – Biopesticides. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) &

Genetically Modified food.

UNIT – IV

Bioreactor – Single Cell Protein (SCP). Bioremediation of hydrocarbons, Industrial wastes – Xenobiotics.

UNIT – V

Hybridoma technology – Monoclonal antibodies – Principles and Applications.

Principles and applications of animal cell culture; Nano-biotechnology: Definition, scope and applications.

Reference books

1. Purohit, S.S and S.K. Mathur (1999), Biotechnology; Fundamentals and Application. Agro

Botanica. New Delhi. ISBN 81-87167-10b

2. Dubey, R.C. (2001) A text book of Biotechnology, Rajendra Printer. New Delhi. ISBN – 81-219-

09 16-3

3. Scragg, A. (1999), Environmental Biotechnology, Long Mann Publication. ISBN 0582 276829

4. Brown, T.A. (1996) Gene Cloning and DNA analysis. Blackwell Science, Oxford Publications.

5. Sathyanarayana, U. (2006) Biotechnology. Books and Allied (P) Ltd. India.


Year: II year Semester: III

Title: PAPER – VII ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY AND WILD LIFE MANAGEMENT


Teaching Hours: 5

UNIT I

The Environment: Physical environment; biotic environment; biotic and abiotic interactions. Habitat and

Niche: Concept of habitat and niche; niche width and overlap; fundamental and realized niche; resource

partitioning; character displacement.

UNIT II

Population Ecology: Characteristics of a population; population growth curves; Species Interactions: Types

of interactions, interspecific competition, herbivory, carnivory, pollination, symbiosis.

UNIT III

Community Ecology: Nature of communities; community structure and attributes; levels of species

diversity and its measurement; edges and ecotones. Ecological Succession: Types; mechanisms; changes

involved in succession; concept of climax.

UNIT IV

Ecosystem Ecology: Ecosystem structure; ecosystem function; energy flow and Biogeochemical cycles

(C,N,P); primary production and decomposition; structure and function of some Indian ecosystems:

terrestrial (forest, grassland) and aquatic (fresh water, marine, estuarine). Major terrestrial biomes;

biogeographical zones of India.

UNIT V

Applied Ecology: Environmental pollution; global environmental change. biodiversity management

approaches. Conservation Principles and management of Indian wild life – rare and endangered species -

Project Tiger, Wild life sanctuaries, National parks and Biosphere reserves in India. Red data book.

Reference books

Odum, E.P. (1983). Basic Ecology, Saunders Publishing, New York.

Berwer. A. (1988). The Science of Ecology. Saunders College Publishing.

Bandopadhyay, J. (1985) India’s Environment Crisis and response – Natraj Publishers, Dehra Dun.

Smith, R. L. (1986). Elements of Ecology, Harper and Row Publishers, New York.

Soli, J. Archeivala – 1988 – Wastewater treatment for pollution control – second Ed. Tata McGraw

hill Publication Company Ltd., New Delhi – ISBN – 0-07-463002 – 4.



Title: PAPER – VIII ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY


Teaching Hours: 5

UNIT I

Introduction and scope of Physiology and Biochemistry- Digestion: Control of digestive secretions,

Absorption.

Respiration: Respiratory organs, Respiratory pigments, Transport of respiratory gases and Respiratory

Quotient.

Circulation: Composition of blood and lymph, Control of heart beat. Blood pressure Adaptations to Diving

and High altitudes.

UNIT II

Excretion: Excretory products in animals, Urine formation in man. Osmoregulation in teleost fishes and

aquatic and desert mammals. Thermoregulation in Homoeotherms, Poikilotherms and Heterotherms.

Muscle contraction and muscle proteins.

UNIT III

Nervous coordination, Transmission of nerve impulse, Neurosecretion. Photo and Phono-receptors in

man.Endocrine hormones and their significance. Mechanism of hormone action. Hormonal control of

reproduction in man.

UNIT IV

Composition, Structure, Metabolism and Functions of Biomolecules – Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids.

UNIT V

Enzymes – Types, Specificity, Factors influencing enzyme activity, Catalysis, Negative feedback, Enzyme

inhibition, Cofactors & Coenzymes. Vitamins.

Reference books

1. Verma P.S., Tyagi B.S. and Agarwal V.K., 2002. Animal Physiology. S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New

Delhi.

2. Schmidt-Nielson K., 1997. Animal Physiology – adaptations and environment, 5th Ed., Cambridge

University Press India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

3. Eckert R. & Randall D., 1987. Animal Physiology – Mechanisms and adaptations, 2nd Ed., CBS

Publishers & Distributers, New Delhi.

4. Sherwood L., Klandorf H and Yancey P.H., 2005. Animal Physiology from genes to organisms.

Thompson Learning, Singapore.

5. Hoar, W.S (1966): Physiology, Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey.

6. Pant M.C., 2002. Essentials of Biochemistry 9th Ed., Kedar Nath Ram Nath & Co., Meerut.

7. Murray, R.K., Granner, D.K., Maynes, P.A and Rodwell, V.W (1998) Harper’s Biochemistry 24th

edn. Prentice-Hall India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

8. Mathews C.K., Van Holde K.E. & Ahern K.G., 2003. Biochemistry 3rd Ed., Pearson Education Pvt.

Ltd., Singapore.



Title: ELECTIVE –III : APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND CLINICAL LABORATORY

TECHNOLOGY


Teaching Hours: 3

UNIT I

Structure of prokaryotes and Eukaryotes; ultrastructure of virus, bacteria and fungi; sterilization – types

and applications; antibiotics, test for antibiotic sensitivity.

UNIT II

Culture techniques – Media preparations; aerobic and anaerobic culture, special culture techniques and

Enrichment culture. Staining – simple, Grams and acid fast. Fermentation – lactic acid and alcohol.

UNIT III

Clinical laboratory – functional components, basic plan, records and reports; laboratory instruments and

their applications: Autoclave, sphygmomanometer, Stethoscope, ECG, ESR and Haemoglobinometer.

Phlebotomy – determination of bleeding and clotting time, haemoglobin, total count of RBC and WBC,

differential count of WBC.

UNIT IV

Estimation of blood sugar, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, total proteins, cholesterol and lipid profile ;

Laboratory safety and hygiene, first aid, disposal of biomedical wastes, Good laboratory practises.

UNIT V

Analysis of urine, stools, sputum and semen; blood smear for identification of malarial parasites and

microfilaria; serological tests – VDRL, WIDAL, CRP and pregnancy test.

Reference books

MICROBIOLOGY

1. Pelczar M.J, Chan ECS, King N.R. (1979) Microbiology Concepts and Applications. Mc Graw –

Hill, Jnc, Ny.

2. Atlas R.M & Bartha (1997). Principles of Microbiology, WBC Publishers.

LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

1. Ramnik Sood (2003). Medical laboratory technology – Methods and interpretations. Jaypee Bros.

Medical Publ. (P) Ltd; New Delhi.

2. Kanai, L. Mukherjee (1988). Medical laboratory technology vol. I, II and III. Tata-McGraw Hill

Publ. Co (Ltd).

3. Tortora, J.G., Funke, B.R and Case, C.L. (2009). Microbiology an introduction. Ninth edition.

Pearson Education In.


Year: II year Semester: IV

Title: PAPER – X FISHERY BIOLOGY AND AQUACULTURE


Teaching Hours: 6

UNIT I

Classification (upto order level) and Bionomics of Indian major carps (Catla, Rohu, Mrigal). Economically

important marine (Sardine, Mackerel and Seer fish) and brackish water fishes (Mullet, Pearl spot, Milk

fish).

UNIT II

Reproductive biology of fish – maturity stages; morphological and histological observation of gonads;

reproductive hormones; cryopreservation; Age determination; Length – weight relationship; Condition

factor; preservation and processing; fish by-products.

UNIT III

Aquaculture – types of ponds- site selection – soil quality – construction of ponds; water quality

management in aquaculture; Control of predators and weeds in culture ponds; feed – types of feed, feeding

methods; procurement of seed; Transport, stocking, harvesting and marketing. Fish farm implements

UNIT IV

Hatchery technology and induced breeding of Indian major carps; culture of live feed (Artemia, Rotifers

and copepods); Fish diseases-causes, symptoms and control.

UNIT V

Biology and culture of ornamental fishes; culture of sea weeds, pearl oyster and paddy cum prawn culture.

Fisheries activities of CIBA, CMFRI, CIFRI and CIFE.

Reference books

1. Jhingran, C.G., (1981). Fish and Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publishing Co. India.

2. Santhanam, R. (1990). Fisheries Science Daya Publishing House New Delhi.

3. Baluyut, E.A. (1989). Aquaculture system and Practices. A selected review Publishing House, New

Delhi.

4. Paul Raj, S. (ed.) (1996) Aquaculture for 2000 A.D. Palani Paramount Publications, Palani, Tamil

Nadu.

5. Santhanam, R., Sukumaran.N., and Natarajan. P., (1999). A manual of freshwater Aquaculture.

Oxford & IBH Publishing co.Pvt.Ltd.

6. Shanmugam. P.K., (1992). Fishery Biology and Aquaculture (1Edn.). Leo Pathipagam, Madras –

83.

7. Hand book of Aqua farming – Freshwater fishes. MPEDA publication.



Title: PAPER – XI BIOPHYSICS AND BIO-INSTRUMENTATION

Teaching Hours: 6


UNIT I

Structure of atoms, molecules and chemical bonds – Covalent and Ionic bond - Stablizing interactions (Van

der Waals, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, etc). Atomic orbital theory for

bonding.

UNIT II

pH, Buffer. Reaction kinetics: Exergonic and Endergonic reactions. Rate of reactions – Effect of

temperature on reactions – Energy of Activation – Arrhenius expression. Oxidation and reduction reactions

– redox potentials in biological system. Thermodynamics: Laws of Thermodynamics – concepts of free

energy and entropy.

UNIT III

Microscopy: Principle and uses of Compound microscope, Phase contrast, Fluorescent, Scanning and

Transmission electron microscopes.

UNIT IV

Principles and uses of pH meter, Colorimeter, Spectrophotometer, Chromatography, Centrifuge,

Autoradiography and ECG.

UNIT V

Principle & applications of Electrophoresis - Poly Acrylamide Gel (Native & SDS-PAGE) and Agarose

gel.

Reference books

BIOPHYSICS

Palanichamy, S and Shanmugavelu, M. (1991) Principles of Biophysics. Palani Paramount Publication,

T.N

Pattabhi, V and Gautham, N. (2001) Biophysics. Narosa publication, T.N.

Bose, S. (1982) Elementary Biophysics. Jyoth Books.

Casey, E.J. (1962) Biophysics concepts and Mechanism. Affiliated East – West Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Roy, R.N. (2005). Text book of Biophysics, New Central Book. Agenevan (P) Ltd, Kolkata.

BIOINSTRUMENTATION

Gurumani, N. 2006. Research methodology for biological science. MJP Publishers, Chennai.

Jain, J.L., Jain, S. and Jain, N. 2006. Biochemistry. S. Chand & Co. Ltd, New Delhi.



Title: ELECTIVE –IV TEACHING METHODS IN ZOOLOGY


Teaching Hours: 3

UNIT I

Objectives and Scope of Zoology, Modern times – trends in teaching life sciences and classification of

science – aims and objectives with reference to Bloom's taxonomy – teaching Zoology at different levels

– lower primary, upper primary, secondary and higher secondary stages.

UNIT II

Microteaching & Lesson Planning: Teaching skills – demonstration – explaining – Black board writing –

skills of stimulus variation – questioning – uses of aids and reinforcement. Lesson planning – Principles -

importance – Components – Characteristics – Attributes and approaches ; Unit planning - Microteaching.

UNIT III

Education Technology: Traditional: Importance of aids in teaching – Principles and preparation of charts,

pictures, models objects, specimen, transparencies, audio and video tapes – magnifying equipments like

microscopes; preservation of zoological specimens – aquarium, museum – Setting up a lab. Modern

Technology: Computer aided learning – Use of internet and multimedia.

UNIT IV

General methods of teaching: Lecture – Lecture cum demonstration – Practical projects – Power Point

Presentation – Seminars – Group discussion – Interactive session - Field trip – Organizing seminars,

symposia and conferences.

UNIT V

Evaluation: Various types of test items: Achievement tests – Essay type, Short answers – Multiple choice

- Preparation of question paper – Blue print of questions paper – Steps in test construction - statistical

analysis of results and performance – Diagnostic test – remedial measures.

Reference books

1. Venugopal, G. and Nithyasri. N. 2005. Teaching of Biology, Ram publishers.

2. Hemalatha Kalaimathi, D & Asir Julius, R. 2010. Teaching of Biology –

Neelkamal Publication Pvt. Ltd.

3. Sharma R.C. and Shukla C.S. 2003. Modern Science Teaching. Dhanpatrai

Publishing Company, New Delhi.

Documents

6 TEACHING HOURS: 6 Unit I Introduction to Animal Kingdom