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48 AARCHES Journal Volume 1, No. 6 1.0 ABSTRACT This paper presents the classification of architecture of Nigeria starting from pre-colonial until contemporary times. It depicts the historical perspective and portrays contemporary trends and movements. It shows the rich- ness of Nigerian heritage and deciphers recent develop- ments. A main achievement of this paper is a synthe- sised classification of Nigerian architecture. It portrays the Historical Style (represented by the European, Bra- zilian and North African Trends) through Traditional Architecture and the Modern Style (with the Interna- tional Style, the New West African Style and the Post- Modern Trend). There is a very weak link between the Historical Style (including Traditional Architecture), and contemporary modern architecture of Nigeria. The Historical Style re- veals how architects can draw inspiration from histori- cal heritage as evidenced by the Regional Trend of con- temporary Nigerian architecture. The author studied the work, ideas and aspirations of some leading architects in the country in order to see how the trends and styles of this genealogy relate logi- cally to the contemporary situation. The presentation of contemporary masterpieces gives a general overview of the recent situation and identifies the basic problems that the designers are facing. Keywords: Style: Distinctive or characteristic expression of ar- chitectural ideas, as of a specified period in history. Trend: To have a tendency or prevailing direction: general tendency. 2.0 INTRODUCTION The period embraced by this presentation spans a few centuries starting from pre-colonial times and ending with recent developments. The genealogy is portrayed by a model of evolution in Nigerian architecture (Fig. 1). The inspirations were drawn from such architec- tural critics as Kenzo Tange, Louis Khan, Ada Louis Huxtable, Nikolaus Pevsner and Charles Jencks to mention a few. This paper often relies on some recognized movements but some trends are newly defined. 3.0 THE HISTORICAL STYLE AND TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE A basic distinction in Nigerian architecture can be made between the North and the South, and this is best pronounced by Traditional Architecture and Traditional Style. The strongest influences on in- digenous architecture were the introduction of Is- lam into Northern Nigeria, the return of the ex- slaves from the Americas (especially Brazil), and colonization. The Historical Style consists of the European Trend followed by the Colonial Style. The Brazilian Trend evolved into the Brazilian Style while the North African Trend evolved into Sudanese Architecture. The blend of Traditional Architecture and Historical Styles formed Vernacu- lar Architecture. Before considering the historical influences, a men- tion should be made of antiquity. The Nok civili- zation developed in the central part of Nigerias present territory between 500 BC and 200 BC. Pos- sessing the knowledge of iron, these grassland peo- ple moved into the forest country (Clarke 1984) and that was when people set up new homes at Ife and other places. The Hausas were then a number of different people. Although knowledge of the achievements of the Nok civilization is wide it is difficult to imagine the form of their settle- ments. On the contrary knowledge of the architec- ture of the Middle Ages is rather extensive. 3.1 Traditional Architecture and Traditional Style The more stable and enduring towns of pre-colo- nial Africa developed because of the intense ritual of market activity. Oliver (1976) called these cities pre-industrial cities, which were theatres of com- petition for the symbols of power and material well being. Initially, some towns emerged as collecting points for wandering immigrants who used their favourable locations as spiritual or cultural bases for subsequent territorial expansion. For the Hausa and Yoruba, Daura and Ife respectively became spiritual springboards for the establishment of ex- tensive empires. In a city like Kano, group masons and other specialized trades could be found in the past, basic elements of a real building industry. From the 15 th century, the mosque was one of the most prominent buildings in Hausa towns. Houses, CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN ARCHITECTURE Dr. (Mrs.) Bogda Prucnal-Ogunsote, Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure.

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