Diễn Giảng

VŨ V Ă N M Ẫ UL UẬT - K H O A T HẠC - S Ĩ , G I Á O - SƯ T HỰC - T HỤ

N G U Y Ê N K H O A - T RƯỞN G L UẬT - K H O A ĐẠ I - HỌC S A I G O NL UẬT - SƯ T Ò A T HƯỢN G - T HẨM S A I G O N

Cổ Luật Việt NamVà Tư Pháp Sử

Sài Gòn 1974

Quyển I Tập II

Diễn Giảng

Tài liệu được chuyển dạng và đăng tải bởi Luật Khoa thưquán, với mục đích phục vụ hoạt động học tập và nghiên

cứu. Không ai được sử dụng tài liệu này cho mục đíchthương mại.

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VO -VAN-MAU btQt~khou ·rh9c-:'i, Gic&o-'-" thl(c-Uw

Nguyen Khoa.tnrb(1g Lu{it-1<hoo &ctl-hqc Su!gon. Lu{H-sU" TOu Tln.rgng-Thani Sulgon

QUYEN T~HJ NH.b.T, T~P HA~ · · (ChU'c.rng·tr1r.~i_i dr-ll'lhtin i.u~t,_nam -th(r r.h~~)

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'' Ui5ng mr&c; nhc'r nguiln '': '

Giang ·vAn dung cho de slnh Yl6n_ klaOng b:in 1<?-i cac hi~u •lioh. .

TaC.'gla· glfr b&n. quy~n

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JlJ QPHAP .. SU" !LUAT GHA DINH TRONG cb .PiiAP· • -

BAI 1'Hfr NHAT : cAc NET BJI.C BIST CUA TU'-PHAP-Slr . VA LU~T GIA BliTH TRONG co PHAP

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ChUng Ia du biet h·ong c5-'lnl).l, khOng philn bi¢t cite uganlt COng~pMp vii Ttr-pht\p nhtr ngily nay.

Vi vijy, str ph~n .hW hai ngimh ·hr-pMp-sJ. .v~ c6ng-ph:'tpsti· chi: lit m(>t s,r phi\n-lo(l.i then k)f-thui).t pluip-1:)• hi~n-il(l.i.

Ttr-phltp-s!l nghiiln ct"m ch~ <1<) pluip I)· trong nglmh Ttrplu\p· c5. KMc vcl"i Cc)ng-phap-stl ngliicn c\I'U cite t1jnh ch<i chJnh trj, Ttr-philp-srr co doi tn·c,rng nghien ct"m c:'tc -clinh ehe .·trong cl\ philp chi ph~i cite tu· nhan, khoug lien M gt uen cac co· quan .. cong quylln, nlm gil\ tht"t, ti'r M, kht! uac, thirn k<S ... v.v ...

Ttr-pl;ap-sir rflt quan tn;.~g. S<'>· di d•\n t(>c Vi¢! Nam ccni I on tQ.i den ng~\y nny, n1~c dlru dfi chju dt;rng t'1p hyc c·lm hno nhiau bien cC:S 4ch sii· v:\ cu(>c ngo(l.i xlim, chluh.ln, nho:.c,ic djnh eM trong ngimh tu·-ph:ip di( Jden 1(1.0 <1U"Q'c'm(>t co: sci xa he)[ vi:iu-g chi\.c· ma khOng m(H thir thl\ch nilo · c6 th~ pha tan (itro·c. ·

·. Trtr~c khtng11i<lt! ct\u no)i du~g C~(\.~tr-i)h~p-s& ·n~i 'clJ!i.J.;ig·-·. vil ci\a Lui[lt gia. dinh tro.ng ell phi1p no.i ri~ng, chttpg ta cl!i1 chll ~,:,: .

trc;mg di'Sn hai sac th•li tbng quat. Sttc tlu\i thtr. ·nhilt liOn hc} di'Sn · .·. ·:. :~ .~- ~· :<··~ .. ;

.· ·.~· \:~ • ·:. ,. _ _.!

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~~·t ei'-z piupn ,-i Ttr-plu\p-sil·, lU Sf! Jllun htm ;.:1·,u hai ci!a hQ.I danlio:)l ,.;, ilinh-lu:}t. N6i kht\c, nioi •l.ieu ch\n··ln:JI· dll'!)T· eli ph.\p cpl djnh <l.i;u rl1.r li~.n m?t lilnh pl1ryt dl: lrCrng ph~l ke nilo ]~Jwn;.; t111111 tlPoo cliiin 1¢ cl6. Sdc th:ti thtl' lwi chi lien quan elfin l!Ja h~t hl!~t giu-dlnh tt·ong ell pht\p. Tiwo qunn ui(!Jll cita uhit · Utm lw)l ngtiy xtrn, chi c6 nbii·ng vfin ({~ niw ~hrcrc coi h\ qnan htJ nu)t th:,:t l1~-=n tn,H h)' cOug c(mg, nghln lt"t t1en ni!u tring xU h,~i nt6·i t'IH·r.n~ qni' djnh ~rong cUe b(1 lu(lt. HGi vtri c{tc vftn ~de. kht\c trong IIH)t gin-cUnh, rWu do Iii gi:io chi phi.ii. Do (16, ngudn gik h::)t .:{ia-t~inh tJ:ong cd. plu'tp rlit pht't·c hJj).

'\'i \":.•:··· t:l; hat dil!al ftmg qtt1tt i:~l!~ ·ph.1.t xet : .

n) St.t' h.thH :;~)u giU:n litnh-lL~t}l \'~L dlin-lu:Jt h·ong d) ph(tp.

h) Cilc ngniln giic ri\a lu;)t gi:H1inh lr;lng eli· phitp hny st)' lu\111 lton f!itb lui\n 1,)· v•\· lm)t ph:'q>.

1.- Quan ni~m hnm hiin vll Don-h:9t va Hlnh-iu{lt.

\'i plu~m vi lt11)t phlql n6i clnmg, ,.,, ph~m vi lu:).t gia-dlnh noi rit'ng. chi ];no gllm nhii·ng v1iu ifi: lio'•n h¢ den. tro)t t~r c6ng xil h¢i. miii l:hi niH\ li'un l!u~t xc't din pluli crui dinh m(lt vi'in ife gl, m di nl1ien ciln phiii dt}' lit}lr -ngiin nglru cilc sl;l' vi ]>h;,itn cb thi? him thlJ·i x~y Uen Yil li1m riji l•Jl.lll Lr:)t tl}'. ~Ong xU hQi. Yi Ie fly, mUi llii~u lw~L c"li.'Su dt,t' li~n 1lh li·ng s~t· ·ll'il'ng ph~it vi! phucmg di~n hiph lw)t. N6i khiw, lrong cil phitp dii.c6 m(lt qunn ni¢m h<illl hiln v~ d•ln-hu~t vil hinh-lm}l. . · .. ··· · ·

~·h)c diiu Hinh-lui)t lhn(ic vi'. c:htrrrng h·inh nam thlt· hni, nlnrng vlnhli·ng o1~c. Cli~m nui trc1n c·r~:: ,.l) phltp, _chtmg 'ta cUng clin pl1iii hi~n sn· lu·q·c h~ thong ,,.·,c hlnh ph,)t. lrong C11 ht~t <l'iJ thdu rii tUnt nn'l'c qunn trc.mg clu\ mUi \'iln {}~ dit clu·l)·c nhfl l-atn lu;)t qui d(ilh M.ng Sl)' trirng p)>(lt ••(\ llinh st.r.

Ctll' ht) ln1\t C~ ci'1a Vi¢t Nttm cfmg nhtr tfft c.lt bl) ·lti~U Co. ·& Yi~n f:h!ng, bfit lu~n l<\ Cao Ly huy :\Th(tt fltin; cho den thiS .•. k)• thlr l!l, rlcu chjn· i'mh lnr&ng clw lu:}t Ilinh : Trung Han vi1 den chi[p nh;\n chi'i cl(l Ngi1 Hinh.gllm l'o 5 hinh·.ph~t chin-lvyi!'u;• · ., m~c diln li•y thO:i ginn ·c6 .. J)t¢.!, vai chi tiet dtrf?'C ·umy doi : . · . . . ·

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1. T<ji s11y la l(ii dimli roi .gom c6 ;:; Me : 10 roi, 20 rol . . . 30 rol, •iO roi, 50 ro:i, ti,y li>l n~ng nht;.

2 .. T6i tru:t;rng lit t(>i danh biing g(,y, gam (:6 5 hii.c : 60 trlrq·ug,"70 h:u·<;Yng, 80 tru·qng, 90 tru·gng, 100 lrtl.'(yng. . ..· .

• ~. TJi ail tti·c lit t¢i linn vi¢c ni;ing nhQc. Thco lu:).t Trun!! Boa mil · sau nay b(l lu:).t Gia Long ciia trieu N;;uycn da Mt chuc:rc thi t¢i do c6 5 b,~c : 1 nam, 1 nam nr&i, 2 nam, 2 nam· ru·o-( 3 nam ; moi b:).c ngtriri can ph,un .Phi\i dtmh them rn(lt

. so 'lt'ir<inrrtU: GO uen ·100 trtr<;l'llg 1\ty theo b:).c n(ing nh~.

w tr)i <to, b(! LH(ll HliH!J V1!·c ctii tbag doi '!''"n ni1m ctla. Tmng Hoa mi .qui ([jnlt ba b\1<:. Tl'ty.theo t(li n(lng nlw, coug :vi¢c mit plwm nhuu pluii lilm khong giong nhau ;

. . · < ..... ·P.}.)3:).c·.tl.t.ti· ,nh1it: Bim ung pliai Hun clicli ctinh ngh'ia Ill. · · nhii:ng cong vi¢c nh~ tl)i cac gia mun (llm(>•o dinh), ho<Jc t1.ti :

· tr:,i llnh. (qmin dinh), hoijc lrong lin•g (xfi dinh) hay khao dinh, nghia lit cung· vi~c bep mro·c lroug qniln dcji. Han hit thi lam dicit ph\t, nghia H. c6ng .vi~c liun vu·irn (vien ph\l) hay cling vi~c vi~t (th1r ph\1) ho1jc nijug ho·n, h\m c.6ng vi¢c chlin nuoi

· . tam (tang thilt ph\1).

h) BQ.c tlni: nhl : Bltn · 6ng phai liun 'ltrt;rng phm:mg birth, nghia lillinh quet d9n lroug chuoug voi ; dim bl\ phi\i liun XllY .

that 'tfj ughiit lit dlly tir lrong tr(ti nan co·m ('}. . . , . , .... , · .. c).Bl}c thli: !:!a.: l'>ilu !)ng phlti liu~ c!tiing etten bi1ih nghin

lit linh khai tluic don dien bien gi6'i ; · Bim bit phUi liim tlumg · tH~t iff nghl a lit 1tily tir gifi g:,o.

· ,. · .. · ·· · . 4. Ti)i ltl'll iti·c M i<)i di tl'cly.

· ·:. ,•; .... ·,.:--Thea !wjl Trung Hoa mil be,\ !u,\t Gia Long da chep l~i •. . . . · t\li !uTI co 3 b*c, ph\llll nh<in phiH day di xa 2000 l.i'.. 2500 ly, ... · . . .

:.· .· .. · .. ···· .

. ·{I) Sa di troog lu~l oba .Le c6 nbilng tl}i dq lam !chao ilinh, xriy tMt ·· · _ , \)'·hay ·thuog thii~ ty Ja vl tri~u dioh p~1iH nu~1 quim tlQl -nCo. Ct . ." . : .. : .. •,... . nlOi ~.an 'doanh c6 oJ?irog ngu<ri bj tQi d.iJ Hun vi~c bt;p mrlrc ho~a .: ·_ ... ·_,. · thOi h~;>~c--giii g~o .. Thue ru•}pg ngity xua thti'I.Jiog Lh6'c a;;; nuCi

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v:l SOOO ly tuy theo · i(>i ni;tng nh~. Ngoiti rn ph(im nMn trong mCii tnrlmg h<,rp l(ti bi dt\nh them 100 tmq·ng.

:86i u&i i{ii lll·u, lrong bf) Lu(U HUng Birc ciing c6 sg siia iloi, t.;,i nay ciiug gom 3 b(•c tuy theo n(in:g nh~ i

a) Lll'rt ili c(ln cha11 hay chan gun, ttl:c IA-NgM An,_Vinh,. phai dunh 90 tmqng, thJeh vao mi,it 6 chil-. (

b) Lzru ili ngoCli chan (chau ngoili) tU:c Ia Bo Chanh XU: (Qtuing Binh), phiii danh 90 trm;rng, thich vi10 m\H 8 chii·. ,;

<) Lmz ili vi~11 eMu (eMu xa) 'ttrc Ia phii Tim_Blnh (Thu.(lu H6a) hi d:inh 100 tru·q·ng, thich vito m(H 10 chii·.

ii.- Tf)i tiX h'rc Ia ·t(>i chet, gllm c6_ 3 b:).c :_

a) T1li gilto, hi:e It\ t<?i that ell.

b) 1'(ji tram, tt\·c Ia tiA chem 'dau. ·Trong ll11~t Hllng Btl:c <16i v6·i nhi'rng tmlmg hq·p gia tr<;mg !hi phUi l(li kii'.a tti:e lit chCn1 ben diiu. ·

c) 1W lang tri, ta thu·itng gqi !A t\>i lting x(ia vi. liun cho· t<)i nhi:m chi'lt dau dt'tn hang each xeo tirng mieng thjt miii khi danh m(>t tieng trong.

Ngoai M thOng ngii hlnh mtr9'n troug ht!).t Trung ?on, In(!! nhd U con d!! li¢u ·m\>t' hinh plwt d(ic bi~t gqi Ia lf}i bil!m hay l(li h(l tr(il. Trong h¢ ltu~t Hllng Btl:c, m<)t ·so 16-n cue <lieu khoan ·

· plwt h:,t .1 t~(lt, 2 Lr(\t, 3 tn)t, <1 tr(lt hay 5 tr;J.t (biem nhift tn·; _ nhi Ltr, tam tu·, tl'r ·trr hciy ngii ltr). Tr•}t hay itr & dfiy c6 ngh'ia

, lit gi 'I 'Tt\ khong neil nhllm ttr hay tr(lt v6'i phltm tri).t cua cilc qnan v1in hay ci1c quan v5 trong trieu dinh. Ngity xu·a, trong hang cac qunn vau qnan vii, c6 9 phlim (ci'r_n philm) ; mili ph!im

. l:,d chin Jiun 2 h(lng; chanh ph!lm va _tong phl'lm. Nlmng ttr hay' . tr~rtrong tc)i biem, c6 nghia !a tu· cuch, phi'l.m each· con -ngliit:i · trtr&c ht(\1 phap. · : ·

.. ·- ·Nam HiJng Bti:c thu· hni (i7<11),_ vLi~ Le Thaph T6ng qUi <li.nb

.tt'r b(lch <linh: (nghia Ia ngrro'i- dt'm thhll'Dg)' d<!n. QuilQ ·c6iig c6 24 hr hay tr(\t, nhtr sai:I : · · '· ·

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Qu6c Cung Qu<ln Coug Hau Jhi Tir Na!n Chlinh nhfft phU1n Timg nhiil phiiln Chimtrnhi phl'tm T11ng nhi p~i'un Clu\nh lam ph(lm

. Ti111g lam pham Cha11h tt\· phiiin Tung tl'r phlim Cln\uh ngii phatn TUng ngii phlim . ' Chimh 1\lC pham · Tung hi~ phitm clianh that ph,hn Tung. thiil ph1lm

' Chimh bitt ph1!m Tiing· bat philm Ch>inh cih1 pham Tung crru ph1lm

B:;tch <Huh (ngtrcri tlnrirng) :

21 tlt 2~ lu· :l:! tit

21. tu:

20 lu: 1~ h!' 18 lu· 100 qnal! 17 ltr l.G hr 75 <!UUU

15 lu: 'H lLt ij!J q WJ.;:o

1.3 l<r 12 hr 25 cruau

'11 ltt'

10 itr

9 tlr s lu: 7 tu· 6 tu·

5 ttr ·l1 ltr 3 hr ·

. 2 ltr 1 tu-

vo tu·· (khong c6 ltr nao)

Troug lm).l nhil. LC, khi :U[ ph:.tl biem hay h:~ tr,u, ph(tm nhfln ·co !he chu9c bfing liil1i,; s6 lien chu<)c cho u1<1i ltr hay m&i tn'tt thay doi lily theo ph~m ciia <1n·o·ng s<J. Thi <I \I : quan tthiil

. phlim phili clmgc 100 quan ticn cho n'toi tr:)t, quau nhj phum phi\i chu<,)c 75 quan, qna.u . tam phnm 50 qnau ... tiunJ-ng d:in 10 quan tiiln.

'• 1\'ho' b.sl(tru·t1g plwt ni.(ng·nh¢' theo nhiri:ig hinh ph:J.l troug · . , . ' .

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h~ tM5ng rigi1 hlnh hay s6 !rl).t (ho(ie hr) phiii h(l, chllng ta c6 lhl~ hll!n rO (1u-c;.r~ nhit lluu lttt~t ·d3. coi viln d(; c6 tiim mti'c quan trou;~ nhir the uno.

• • H. • i... ~ ... ·~ • .:.. . ·. : I. '•.. - • • • : •

11.-- C;Jc ngu\)n goc liiln h~ d~n lu9t gia-dlnh trong co phlip ·hay s'! h?.!m han gi!Sa lu{'it phap vi:! luon l:if.

Vi C(U!lll ni<)m cim Kh~ng-gi:io <'iii clii pMi ch(it cbe · sl)' qt~i <1[nh ci't:t phAp lu(lt, nm6u hl~u clU"<?"C cac di~u irhoan ciia lu(lt llilt•g Hire cuug nhu· lm)t Gia Long y(O gia dinli, tn irh6ng th~ n;·,o Hing tpH~n kbt'mg·nghiCn r.1h1 c(te klnh di~n cita Nho f,riil.o. · NldJ" sw p!!t\IJ ti<:h et\c tt\i lif;m m\y, cl!.lmg ta se ro rfing cac nghi l~ g~a thit, mit hi~n nay vi\n con lou !:,ti trong xa h<)i Vi<)t Nam, yi)u <!a c6 tir rnfiy ·llflilll llUill nay·ya (!1[ xay Ql)'ng m(>t CO' sa vci·ng hen cho djnh che gia dinh trong Jjch sit·. Song cite ll,tc I~

·· · eftn ta tti ng kh6ng phi\i hoan toltn h{it chiTd·C phong htc clta 'Lin. Ch\tng la clil nh:)n chan thi(y cue nghi I~ ci1a ta, qua lni).t ph.ip ciing nhu· qua l\!C 1~ •. c1U phiin chien m(>t s* thlc!t hqp tuy~t di~u ci>c giitO dian Cl\U Kh~ng-giuo v6i khung· canh xa h(>i Vi.;t l'!mn, ket thltnh m<)t n~n timan phong my t\IC d(>c <t:i.o, mit dim tc;>c la c6 qu:yi<ln hUnh di~n. . .

Nui tum h)i,' dl\ nghien cthl gia' dirih trong ·~1; .phap, cltn s1r d1mg hai hJ:)i !tU li!~n : Cite kinh di~n vit c:\c b¢ l!i(l.t.

.-A.- Cac kinh di6n cua Trung Hoa vll nghi le.

, .. I.,o:)i ll.•i•· nhUt lit c:\c .<lien ghj chep trong. lrinh . di~n ci1a 'fl'mig [{on vc nghi m, nhiit 1:\ nghi I~ vc giit tln:., Trong lot.ti nity, phi\i k~ c!Cn sc\ch Chu L~, chu·o·ng n6i ve Hou L~ vii sflch Lfi K)•, thicn.'ll n6i ve «Hun ~Igh'ia».

Trong s11'.c6 chep, Nlu\m Di8n; Tht\i tln\'.Gu·n Chtln, du·M nii':n hi(m Kien Vii nha Bong Han · tl'!l'6·c cngc· khqi nghia 'ci1a .

·.hai Ba ·Trtmg, vito l~holmg nlim 26~30 dJ .. da d~y dan . .cac !~ . nghi liicu hy vii nh1it Ia ve ghi tin\. Nh1\m ,Dien . dif khuyen cac

·.-·· 'r~i'tl1tf9c dii:6i ·cjuyiln'phq('h'ich ·mgt phltn ltto'ng l!u~. mlnh d~: · gitip cue dan cMng ngheo t1\ng c·6 iiu phu·O"n~ ti¢)1 iaiJl gia. thti

8 .. . ... . . . , ····: .. ... · . ~ ·. ·· ....

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theo ughi !~. Trong hu1ii dau lien, ·cite nghi lc do Xlul'"' Dien du nh1ip vito Vi~t Nmn chile,; da pluiu <iuh trung thiwh cite ughi [j; trong kinh <lien Trung Hoa, khOng !hay <11\i.

Trang cue kinh dieu ciw. Trung Boa, co ba b(lllliu ve v1in deL~~ tlnril'ng gqi 12. T:un l~ {..::. .f!) : 1) Chu l~ (ift .fj_j, 2) Nghi

· 1~ ( tA ~) vil 3) U ky (~ -t<:.).

Hai b¢ Chu 16 va Nghi I~ du·Q·c so~n ra du·O'i diri Chu (1.122-21G trm'rc ky nguyen) ; con hi> I..i! Ky do 7'2. hqc tro cua Khbng-Tir san nay ehep l<ti J.ihii·ng nghi Iii thO·i xa·a, hay nhil:ng sT,r sifa dl;i do !(lp quun dfi "mang l(ti h·ong ct\c nghi Jii iiy.

1) sa~h Chu lUi ding g<}i ],\ Chu Quan (llj 1!') yi him·"~ Ct!\l

quan chti·c di~n eM 'ttcri niH\ Chu.

2) Siich Nghi U\. theo Tu· Mfi Thien (clltt'O'ng: Nho lam!i~t truy~n) con gqi ]a Si u; ( .J: 4Jt), vi him ve nghi 1<\ Cll(t quan chti·c vii cita i<e si. Cling co khi bg Nghi le dtrqc g9i !a Lli kinh hay g9i vfin tat ho·n lit Kinh (;f.t !.!1. hay $!}.). Ci1c !~ dm;rc ban

. den trong b(l Nghi lif Ia Quan (l<'i d¢i mii), Hon (cu'o-i), Tang .(chon cat), ·re v.v ...

Cac sach Chu Lii va Nghi Le, den dil'i 'nha Tan,_ bj Tan'fbity-Hoang ra l~nh hi1y bo nlnr ci1c such kh.'ic cita i\'ho-gia.

, I .

. Khi nhil Hun thay nhil Tun tri vl Tmng-Quqc, dtr6-i dbi .Han-Cao-Tll (206-194), ti'l ltr6·ng lil Ticu-Hit sui ngu·cri xi\y Tlu,~eh cU: cac (.-6 .jfl.. ~;1) (1) d~ tlm th:;\p t:\ng trii· ci~e stich con l~i.

Du-6-i d<'>'i Ha~-Vo-be (140-86), ngu·o·l'ta tlm ·thay h:en m<.)t bti·c tuo·ng ti·oug nha ciia Khong-'N·· 5G lhieu .cl\:1 b(> Nghi 1~. Cling du·il'i do·i V~-Be, be) Chu (luun hay Clm L~. him ve cac p_ht\p U\c quau che elM Chu, do Chn-Cong so,m; ciing ·duqc lim tMy dang leu Hien Vtro-ng, em ell!\ Vo-Be. B¢ silch ay thieu mat phan thti: san, lien quan <l1in c:ic quan h.d h·ong bg ccing. 'Hien~Vtrang hira lr9ng tluri'rng cho ai tim thiiy phan thifiu nhtrng '10 hi~u. San sach dtr<,J'C bb klmyet bUng mc)t chu~ng han· ' ve c6ng vi~c 'ciJa cac thq thuyen dlri co. '.

(I) G:ic co ~ai ilgoi (eir) b~og da (i'r d.ui>i cha~ aaiJ ... . .· . . . . . . . ·.; .·

.....

. ... ·. . . ': 9' ·.:·:

•, '

· 3) Sach ·u-Kv, .den cuoi doi Wi-De, k!Ji C~ng-Vtrong (') nuCtc LO ph::\ ngt)i nha elm KhCJng-TU· .d~ X.tlty rQng thC1n cling di~n 11hit vnu, ngn·i>'i La <!a tfm thiiy nhi(iu h9 ·such. C:Y nhu: : Tlnrgng-llm (') lti·c Ia Kinh-Tlm, I.<}-!1.)•, Lu,\n-ngii' ''a Hi~u- · Kinli; viet thea !6i chil: dl. · . . . . ·

Tuy b¢ U-Ky cHi tim thfiy tir dai. Han-Vo-lle, nhu:ng viin. chu·a du'Q'C so~n thimh ·"'tch. Ltrit-H trlmg (80-9 trm>-c ky nguyen il·J ,:,l) !a ngtri>'i <tun Ucn khii<,> hi~u cac b:in cddnh tjcl1» cB (ban.

·gil kht.c han kinh ci'.), xl'ip J~i cho 'cq thtr tg in~ch 'l(lc, v(t.tliam · khi\o tMlll cac st\ch kluic (nhcr J\Iinh;-Htrimg. am dtro-ng ky ; Kh~nJg.:fi'r hull hiCn k)' ; Vtn)'rig · th! r,i\· tlii l~)· ; Nh~1c kj) U;ng · hQV th:\nh :2;J.O thien. Did-Elirc ( '?i\. {,~ ), so(l.n l;ti hi'> h&t ilhfrng

. do,m did vlx pliicn h.tp, elm 85 thien, nhan C!e !a El~i Bai Ky • ( -J.;.. ,'J<. -JC.). Sach miy l~i dtrq·c Ht\i Thilllh ( >1<. ~) so~n J~ i·lit 11g~n con.4G · thi<in nhan dd Iii: Ti~u BM Ky (ol• ·:IIi. -J<:;);·Sach . Ticu Hai Ky ucn Lhb'i ky cuoi nha Htlll iltrQ'C Ma-D.ung (") va nhiit Ia h9c tro ccta Mii-Dung Ia Trjuh-1-Iuyen (') cling g9i Ia Trjnh-Khaug-Thanh (1:!7-200) truyen M. va clni thich. · ·

Sitch u:.Ky.dm;rc vua Huy(\n-Tong nhit· B~·o·~g • .!:den hi¢u Khai-Nguyen (713-742), xep vito lo;~i «ldnh» va. vua han 1¢nh. cho Khi\m-djnh U-ky. ·

B.-'- Ctic ;&d li{h.! trong d l.u~t Vi~t·N~m .. Ngoai ciic kinh di~n cii etta Trung-I-Itia dii ghf.cac nghi ·r~

ve gii1 tin\ ci\a ngu·/ii Tiln ·-va .ciing <15. c6 anh luri\-ng l&n den hlc-1~ clta la, con ciin nghien ~.~l'U cite titi li¢n ve. co !u(lt :vwNan1 con di Iu·u l<li nhLr ct\c h(l .Qtt6c-trieu hinh-luM -Ci\a nhit Lc, :b\).Hoiti:lg-Vi~t ht~t-1¢ Ctta nha Nguy~n. hojic' .cac van ld~n kMc. litln M lliin cac van <1e gi[\ tln\, tii:-11¢, thitn thn(lc vii quyen ngm'>'i «ia lrtrihu!. Cac t:H li¢u nay dtro-c ghi chcJJ ·tan mite 0 u . • ._

trong Clic sa~h .:. Hong~f:l(t·c thi¢n chinh tlm, Thicn-Nam Du·-

(I) ~ J_

(2) .'!!] if Ji) ,if., 'f,l\ ( 4). .J!ro ·1; lui!i :s!~ · Jli_ IN. :- ... ·.

:· .. _· ··"; "-''··· . ,': -·:: ... :..:;

•

II II

n~~ b~p, Le-triiJu thi1:n chinh, L!ch-tdi!u !1H~n-chuung, D~li-Num hQi u1en v.v ...

Cll.u cti.· vcio Sl! qui Ujnh cila hai lOCJ.i li:d li~u glii tren, cJniug ta nlu}n thiiy qunn ni<:.In tro,ug CO lu~t Vll)t Na1n ve gia dlnh khac hitn quan n.it)n1 ngflY nay".

Gia uinh khong phlti chi gom c6 khutm kl1o . ch,u h~p c1m ti~u gia dinh 18. VQ' chOng, cOn ct\i vit nhiCu Uhn Ia cha .Jri~;. Gin dinh ngay lora, la ca m¢t dolm tl:ie r(>ng l<'rn, chult!{ song vM nhau trong m(;t khuug ccl.z:th rQng rfii gOm tni'iy U6·i lien tiCp. Lj tu(rng cO diQn lit n[un cl.O'l cOn clumg si.~ng v6·i nhau trOng clmg m<)i: ulut_ (NgtT dt.Li dOng ·du·(:mg), t.lu·i}i qnyC~n ngtr?ti gia tru·O:ng 1nit 1n9i con d1itu tteu kinh phw:; lny~t d6i. Mijc lihu cac con chim da tnriS·ng lhitph ho(tc da litm giit th1t, · nlmng thOng tlurlmg vlln con (y chung vo·i cha m~. ho(ic giii h9 c6 du·qc phep ra o· rieng chilug nii:a, thi khu6n l<hb d(ti gia diah ciiug vftn cOn tOn h~i vi ve phtl'O'llg di¢n linh th~ln Vit phllp 1¥ .cac con chau vfiu i:r dtr6'i 'l'iyeu ngmJ'i gi!' trll'o·ng .

. Quan ni¢m d(l{ gia dinh h·oug co luQ.t tHi h~n che quyen c1m cac rigrrM .troug gia diuh ve plnwng dieu nang l!Jc ciing nhtr titisan ; trai l:;ti, <rnyen c.ua ugu·o'i gia lrll'o·ng rat r(lng. Ngoiti ra, philp lu:j.t con d!Jt ra m(lt SIJ doim ket ch(H che giifa cac :tl:ian: · tlm(>c trong d~.i gin dinh c.l~ duy lrl dtrgc nen tung c[m d(li Ilia

· diu.h, Vi d~i gia Uinh UlfQ'C COl J.i CO' SO' CUU Xii hgi. : .. Do. ct6, trong co · lu:j.t, khOng nhii:ng pliai nghllln ciru lieu

gia dinh, cOn phi\i d!tnh m(>t c1ja vj Xtl'llg ditpg cho ·cue sac tbiti · <ltlc bi¢t ci'ia d1.ti gia din h.

Thidn l.- TIEU GIA l:JfNH

Tbicn Il.-;- E>.(\1 GIA BINH

ThieiZlJl.- sv DIEU HA.NH cua E>~I GIA BlNH · va TIEU GIA E>iNH

1F: •' :, . ' '·. . ... _ -:-: '

~:"·: .. : ;

. ·. - .

·THIEN THiJ· NHAT

.'\

·[HNH

_ Trong lthttOn l:JiC dt_ti gia dinh pht.t_ ~1C) ngay xu-a, .· mOi khi ·. m1)t ngu·Oi_ con lrai dn·q·c ngn·Cti gin l:nrCrnf:i cho phep )Am. gilt

. .tlul, thi d~i gia iiinh ny l(ti bao gom. i.h<im m(>t ti~ll gia <lhih ·. trong hQ n<)i. Ngu·iri con dan du'qc coi nlm con cai \rolig nhil. •. 'fieti gin ~inh ay gl:lmco hai vq cMllg va cite ·con dll'qc.·siuh .. d~· · '

·. rasnunay .. · · · · · ..

ii'ItJc <1ich cu;t git\ tln\ trong xa h<)i ngay xu·a lil. .sinh con . d~ noi doi to.ng dtrimg. ~en vcr khong sinh con h'ai;. chong c6 quy~n xin ly dj di! lay "'l kht\c, ho~c nnoi con nuoL ·

. · Do: d6; trong l<hu6n. khli ciia lieu gia dinh, chtll'!g ta ·olin ngli:ic~ cti'U 'bu van de :

.Clnr&ng tfn'r· nMit : mA :rnu Ch;rO:Il[J tlui: !tal : XUAT TI-n1: V~ LY Di ..

CJ,~ro'ng tltti' ba: Tlr Hi;: VA NGHIA nd6-i;i(i' ',.;

··. ~ .

. ···., .,.,: ; ·... ,I '•' : .~. ·:···•:"

,. ·. _.,.

''

'., ... ·· . ' -· . . .. -··' .. ...... ~·

'.:~ . -~ .

. .,· . . ·:: J,2 . , .:· .. ;·. >. ·. : :. ,· ._._: .::·}:_ •. ·.- :. ···::.t · •. >. ·:. . . .. ~ ... .-.-' .. ~ ·:.~ ~ .. · ... ~:: ~-

', . "!: ...... -........ ,•,;.

' ' .

Ill i

r·r.rr ... ,.,.,, •r•7 ...... .... ~-~·-~···; ~ •• :.. o. (I 1 I IT J11l:, i.\11(

Trong C1l-lu:)t khtlng c6 n11)t t1ien lthmln ·nice~ tiinh tJgh1n hdn JJhtin hay gUt thlt.

v;~ p.Jnro·ng rli<~n dnnh !!':·, dtn·,yng -U clw. ~;h:h L~-K)\ nhnn cliO lit !Mn-nghin ~ J!., tlrc lit)· nghia e[m l~ h6n, c:lii viet chrr Hiln ~ nlnr chli· Hun lit buoi chi;1tt tili, vi!~ !htn>·ng rir !t:inh vilo Ute chieu toi ('). Sau nity, rhli· ht>n viet them -JI:- hen qmh de p!J>tn hi~.t.hni chu·: -!1} Ju)n lit Cll'cJ-i VQ' \'it \.~• htil1 lit diiell [oi.

Chit. nlu\n. {tSl chi nh~i.ngu·f>'i r~. h!l.y ugu·tri cihl dthng;, vit , sny qing c.6 ngh'ia. h\ lfiy ch(Jn~.

Chfr thit .!Q. .. c6 nghiu Jn J1[y YQ', vit chlic giA Jt/C c6 nghln h\ ·cqn gUi vC nhl1 chbng.. ·

Nlur v:iy hai dnnh t.ir lccln nh1ln hay gin thit lei nhirng dnu)1 Ur tang cru:\t, tip <hmg lluvc eho cii hoi ben I'Q' cl•ung liir nhun. Ngtrqc l,ti, danh tir hun !hit chl up chmg l"ieng chu ngu·o·i dim

. fl.~g J1iy vg'_('). .

So· di.trong c1l phitp nhit liun Jn(\t ctjnh nghin gin thlt, Y! Khllng gh\o du th1lm nhuiln r.:iu r{lng cnc tang l<rp xil h9i khifn qunn niC1n vi.~ git\ thtl dU hi rO trong td Oc 111<,)i 1_1gmYi. ~IO· lltlu tltien Hun nghTn, si•ch L~. Ki· <til viet : «Hun Ic' gi:l ltl'O'ng, Iu;rp nhi tlnh chi hieu, lhu·qt)f( J'i S\< LOn mien, nhi lu.t di ke .h(lu the

,.

{I) Trinh Khang T himh : . .!Q. .ft.- ~ 4!1. M ~ .~ .r.f ' tlJ -~' ,!!, . . (.Ji~ /Ji Pi.) . . . .

~--f.i)- ·VI! plurrmg diin nay, Lu~t gia ciinh z,I-I9591ru-c!-c ilriY. ttti diing nltilm ,_; · :.·: ·•· .. d<Wl· tiz-.i,on tliu tr.ong.khi guj dinlz vegiri.tlul. Sac lw;lt 23-7~i994 ilii .

tran], itu-vc s•l nhilm 1d1. y, vii chiro-ng li i!ii. chiip nht)n nh·an ili!: aGiti ifnh, • . - :~ .• =: • '• ••

. 'J3 .....

dii, c15 quiln t.li· tn)ng chi>; (<) nghla h\ «18 Mu ftro11g h<n> Sl)' giao l!i1iu giiht hni he,>, lt·t!n <lil thO· pll\lng t1l Hen h·ong tilng mii5n (tt\·c nlu't thO· h9)~ dtrtri a€ kC truyCn gilmg dfH dlii -sau, vl vl}y 1ltin ]~ du·f~rc 'ngLrili. qul\.n tir trqng);,

. Binh nghln nay rat qnan M vi nen rii qnan ni¢m thlri xu·a v~ gia tM. ;Yon lit m¢t st,r k~t hQ·p, gino hieu gifi·n hai h<;>, gia Un\ c!fi ditnh cho b(lc ton tru·i'rng trcmg hai h<;J, mil ttong Co-lu~t g<;Ji h\ Chit bOri, n1(ll vai tril d~c hi~t. Vj elt1t hon · phi\i lo li¢u h6n nhiln clio cac con chan vo·i nn,tc <llch tltoa miin trtr&c hct q)lyen lq·i vinh ci'm trorig Iw. Qn_ven IQi ii.y cl~ iln·q·c ghi minh h~ch f-rong t]inh ngh'i~l tr(m: tl·ong hi.?:n t1)i., gi:"t thi1 c6 '1.11.\H~ dich W;p hie st,r tho· ciing troug tong mieu; trnng t<wng lai, gi>l lhtl co IU\IC <lich sinh con <1~ ld'i truy~n lu\u th~ v1\ cling .lit de ltru truyen sl): tlio· ph\mg ct\c bl).c lien nhan.

Chfnli ~i gift thl\ dU'Q'C i1~t' tren nCn t:lngcila d~ti gia ainll·~a c.itn st:r nOi diH lOng C1u·(rug, lllil vai trO cfing n1nr sq.·' lrng tl~u!)n cun hai trai g!'ti lfiy nhan <lfi hj nghi !8 cling nlnr C1l~lui).t <11l chlm d~m hun nlm lfing qu.en trong khr>i .c:ic <[uy!!n Jc)'i tr>i· trQng ~iu1 d{li gia (1inh. Vl v~i.y,_. h,lC ngU.· elm ta dii c6 cAt~ : Clla mr. if(!!. if au con ngiJi cUiy. Qnan ni~m c1l ve gilt llni cling giui thich cho tn hi~u l\li sao 11): ngtin xtrn, trong gin <linlt ViN Nain, · ai cit~1g lllCmg &6·zn c6 con, va nhUt.h\ con trni, vl s~r phung t~ nhU' ta se rii, iJn·c;>·c·Itrn h-uy~n tir diri nity qua· dui kh:ic )lung giong con chi\n trn·o·ng naui vit nlin ehflng n\ay ngm'ri VQ' khilng c6 con, CB-lt1~t cho pMp rig~riri chllng dtrc,rc bti v9·, ll.ly v9· khac cho khOi tny~t l!;r. C6 thl! n6i ri'ing tuc .da lhil cling nhtr.sti qni . dinh IJ·ong Cll-ln(lt·ve lyliiln cl1t hi\.l ngnlln o· qnan ni4mcoi giu . t\ni .nlm sl): gino hi<iu lie·n minh giil·a hai hQ, <Ill sii1h con 'noi

· diii · ph\mg s11 t11 lien. · · ·

Qnnn ni¢m nay cHi c1tr9·c M~nh-Til· ·gii\i !hich' m¢! citch c1i1!i1 hluh vit !lllTQ'II tmimg h91' vun Thn1in .Ji[y con g•ii vmi . Nghiett lam thl d\t ,,

«Bat ~i~u co ha · di~n ; trcing bn eli en fiy, ·v6 hi;tu. nghin. Ia .

(I). >If. #!.. ~If- #- 1;-- :;:.. .J:t >t, ·H· -~Ji:-ll!..,;lt#-j-jt>t,o

,.. . '. .•.

:.:.:·.;~:!,\~::·.:~~~·.-~\:.,~,.:.. !:<..... •• !-' •·. :~ .... ~- ~··. " ... . ' ,; ·•••• *'

..

. · • .

IIIII

kMng c6 n.iii riii Ia t(li 16·u nhiH. Ong Thnan (lay ·con g!d vua Nghieu) t·u·iri V\" m::t chiing trinh lnr6·c v6·i cha m~ xin phei> .chB.ng qua vi li' vo hl)u. Cho ncn ngrroi (juan 'tir nghi riing hiy 6ng Thnlln khOng cito trltih .tru·6·c nlur.ng cling coi nlin· <!11 c:\o trlnh ri5i.» (') ..

B~ bi~n 1i1inh tnro·•lg h<;'P d?.(c hi~t etta vua Thurin 11\y VQ' rna kh6ng xin pMp ch>J. mP,, M:.mli-Tu: du vi~n dftq· quyen I9·i dtti gin dinh, dw rung himh d{>ng nhtrv•}y Ht phil l~'?'P v6'i nhfrng qnylln l<;ri thi<'t xen iiy Vit do d6 vun Thulin du·q·c. coi . nlm <Iii xin pb(·p chrt m~. S\f th(lt, so· dl' vua Thu1in khOn[~ >in phf.p ella •n~;, Yi O· trong m(lt holtn ci'tph di,lc bi~t : cha· thl dlli1, m9 gh.C tid 1\c d(lc ; neu xin phep thi chi'ic cl~n kht)ng cho ; nllll'ng ucu hty~t t).l' v6 h~u, theo Mt.mh Tir'ciing ll).i Ia t(>i d~i hilt hi~u. Vi v~y, hitnh d1\ng ci'ta vua Timlin (hrQ'c M(lnh Tir coi lit ·h~·p 11'.'

· ·Quan ni¢m cilll Kh1lrig-gj1\o co du·i;>·cnhit liun luM Yi6t Nam chap nhl)n'lt·ong ca phitp khOng? Bl'l.giiii qtiyet.viln tlll lllty; diil phhi nghiCn Cl'ru van tiC .ve hni jJhu·o·ng dit;u :

. ...

PMn clnwng 1 : Si! Mt l~p gUt tlui..

· PM.n. clnwng 2 :·· Hi~u 1\rc cita ·gi!i tht\.

0

(r) l'IIqn!z-T!r, chrrO'Ilg Ly tau thrr(Yng, 26, Mq.nh-Tl} viiit :· •Biit hft11. hii'll tam, v8 !z4u vi dqi Thulin biit ctlo nhi thU, vi vii hq.u li& ... Quru; tli· di vi·do cao chb·. A .f s : ;r- .Jj: 1f · ": ': .;.* {f( J\i . .},_; if + % ;r., .'/i. 4. .. ;;;, f{ ~ ·' Jlf "i' '-< 11. ~ll' % -<~:,. (Thea Kinh · U, bd die!! bat hie" La : r.- Lant ili'eu bij.y khien nhiJC den cha m~. 1

.. ~.,...... Nhii ngheo, mii !chOng clt!u lam quan dJ nuoi cha m~ gia· yeu, 1 .3~'-:c Vo Mu, mO. M'!flh Tw co! Ia trtriYiig hrrp bif.t hieu ,n~ng' nhiit Ia · . . khOng -~rro·i vr sinh con, d~ iuyft t\r, kh'ong'c6 ·con chau noi roi .Ph'P.lg : . . . I · stz;·t~.tien.) ~ · · .... ·· •.. . ... , .

. ... .. • ... :· .. •.: • 0

r,- Ngii hlnlz gom nhitng hlnh phqt gl .,

2.- 'r(Ji hi<im trong lu(it HOng Brrc lfll'ti'C qui dinh nh!t' tM'niio ?

:1.- Cdc. kinh tlii!n niio cUa Trztng Hoa drr~1·c co( nhn• ngriOn gOc lu{it gia dlnh trong c~ phdp ?

4-- Cac tM lifu c~ lu(it ve gia illnh Vift Nam phai tlm lrii!m _trong cclc sach nlzo ?

. Quan nifm lz/Jm hJn giii'a hlnh lzr~t va dlin lzr~t vii giii·a lur)t. phtlp va.'!uiin 1}1 t~orig ~~ plulp n6i chung va lu(it gia ilinlz c~. czia Vift. Nam n6i ritng.

(CHO. '1 : Be tlli nlzy gom hai di~in dii ltw9;c phtin tich · tro~g· blzi

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.. . :. ·j ..••

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:.:::i?>> · . .-· . ··-·

.,

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thrl' nhift). · .·.

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··.: ,,,

' -~ . : : :·: . :·-- . '/ . ·: .. ~ .h - ••• ":.:.. ... ~ ••• •• • • ~= :.~-· ~ ~--· .

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PUAN CHU'O'NG TH(l NlltlT

. su· K~T !l.A~. GiA i~!lJ . . . . Trong phUn clnnrng Jllly, lhn ltr(.rt se bftn f~>"i :

1.- Cite meu kiCn vC 1l()j· dung g~{t thlL : 2.-l-lil1h lh(l'r. gilt !hit, · 3.- C:tc chG liti ve (li{~u ldQu gi;'t tlu.\. tl;;-- BUng chthlg gill ihlt. ·

. TII1T THI} . NHJT

eJ!Eu Kn~f'i viE NQJ DllJfiJG mA THO Trong C1l-lu:}t Vic:t Nam, 1,tiit !hit dtr(rc crnan tii1'm nlm m(>l

v.i~c liCn h~. di!n' nCn' tUng cim <hti gia .dinh ho·n IiL (lt;n ti~n gin dinh mit hai Mn nam nii· thimh J:~p satt idli l!iy nhau. Yl vf).y; cite ditht ld~n ·ve giit thit du·q·c qui d~nh :trong Cfi ln.(tt vtri

. m<;>t tinhthlln i<h:\c h3n ngity nay. Nhfrng !licti ·ki¢q·cptan trqug nhiit lit nllii'ng uiCu ki~n tm\ nhil'litm lu(\t dijt rn vl lc,ri ich gin

· dinh. Tn\i l<ti, cite <1icll kh)n lieu h\\ den b:ht thi\n· etta hai ben niun nli·, k~ cii s~r l.rng· thu~\11 ci'w. hq, ·chi giG· tn(,t · lljn v.t ih'Lt· Y.en_ 1nit thai.. · ,

. PI:IAN TIET THI) NliJT

. cAc. BIEU. KIEi-..1 GIA THU DO. QU.Y~~-1 l01 · · d1.t.. &~1 GIA elt--~H · • ·

"VllQ'i leh 'cl!a (J..ii gia · dlnh~ · ·~i:l tlnl cl;l e6 iM dpve ·k<ft

17 • ....

: .. · .. ·._.· .. ,.·_ .. : .. ··:: ..• ·•· .•. ·.· ..... :·,.~".·.·. -, < ·, . . · .. ·: .··~ ';. . .. ··- - - ·-: ·~· .... ~.:::.·:-:.:,};!.~;::.,·:::,·:: •• :·: .. ~ ..•. : .. ;..,' ·.··.. . ·.::...:..:... ', ............ ·'" · .. •''.

.1

,, :l

l~p neu c6 cha m~ hay m~t nguai h}n thuoc (nghl:a lit bft con· dirng hang tren) dti-ng clni hOn. ·

Ngoiti ra, gi:\ thti khilng thl\ dm;rc ci'r himh

- gili-a ha· con thiln thlch, · - trong khi cha m~ c6 tang, - tt·ong khi cl1a m~ hj giam tit, - neu kMng ton tr<;mg tn).t 1\f the thiep.

Uin Jtr<;rf, 5 di~U ki~n fr8u day se d!l'q"C . dl! C~p f6i "trong pMu w;t nay .

. ' .. BO.~N THU NHtlT. .• : ·,. ·-~ •. · 5\l. t.rNG THU~N .C~A CHA, MJ; .VA VAl TRO cu:.\...: .\ ......... .

. · .NGlf'""J· ·cHU' .H .. ON · · ..... "' ' ... ··. . . v . ·· ·.: :· ;-: .. ··:r.-. · .:; ·~-~ . •:: ... "·' . . .... '•

. ·. Trong c1l!li~t._· v.1.gin thU. Mn M den :d~i gi'!- 4iu]l;;·n~'ji b~q .. ; ... _ . gi6· cfiJJg phBJ <Jn:qc ·en a· m·\l hay: 1n.(\t ngu·a·i.. bit co,n :hg;.tre_n':(!Oh · .:·· •. · thuc;>c) drrng ra !ani: «chu. hqn·»: 'l;'ai ir6,ngu·qhhlr lionJ\ffphli:p· .' · t~p ; khong_hhfi·b'g in; g. thll1).11' gi{(_-flill, cilc Ji~c·il'i: c:Ozi--i'(iingra,'. ·:_';: . lo li~u IU(!i vi~h trong han rihiln .. ,· .' . ·.· .. -- .... -;...,-•. · .. --·. :< ·

Ngl;Oi ciltl hO~ ]\] ai:· vn can err vao ,t~~~;~Cliui'lil ~ii-o'·tig,;,oi.:· : ... chit hon quyet djnh sv ghi thu? _ : :: ,. · · ·. _. .· .-. ,,:::: .• · · ..

• • . • ' ' '• • •: .; ' I .•.;'• ;• :• '

. 1.- Ai lam chO:.hon? srr:qui ~i~-h~1~c,-n{l),i~t-.~~~~--~-~ · · va Gia_long khoria !;!ib'ng _nhau: . · _,:_:;>>"

. ,·. ' ·(~~:;"· . .... A . ._· luQ(. ~~hg Olr~:;, . ···~,.' . · ' ., ·. :-~:- . . :;<>::~~:J"<·=;~~-:~- ·:~:. ,·

Trong h¢ Qnuc Trieu l1lnh :lill).~- hay h\),,lu(l.t'f!?.li:fBti-c; · : · - • danh tii chu Mn, !h\rc rn, kMng dtr<?:c. n6i' ~61~-:lrong, ml)t di~u , ':.: . ldio_iin.nl\~.·- .. ··· ··~:. :.\.::-: .~.~: . .:··;_::=·.· .' .=:····

0 ! 0 0 0

M: 0

0

0 1 •' 0 :··h··¥:-·:.:.~:-~;~ .' ,o 0 0 ... 0 :

0 ... _:

0 0

.. Theo''dle~' 314_Lu~t H1ln'iL~irc : «Ph:AIJ1.)t1it-'h0Ji;"1na.kh0ng : · > de·,:,;- sl,.;h J~ · it~i\· nhil clut,-Iil~, dlJ-'tliiinl). VQ' ~li1liig;':.ltll,'' <)~~ hq·p '·; · .. · .. •

. . ... (~ghin: ]~ .an_&· v~i: nJlllii ~~u,ihii~" khhng· 41f~l(-1~t~til: phRih~- . :··-< .·-;, -- · ;'. m(lt-b(lc, va theo .W sang lre~;~,Mt n.9P Hen t<t-~h<>::chl!:·l:!l~ ;_!1~~lr!- : '· ·_: .. ):

;:,Jst.;~~:~~;:~i~~sl~~~~~t;;_:~~t~

con gai · phiii phl)t 50 roi. N!iu cha m<,> .cMt, si~h IIi hay 'lien t~ phi\i ni)p cho ton nhiin ho~c huo·ng.ch!nh (nhil chirc.tritcli trong lang). · · . . .

Bieu 314 ntty cimg dwq·c ghi ch~p t.rong Hong Birc Thi~n chlnh thu, dm)"i m(lt hinh !hire minh h>J.ch hcrn viJ. nho· <1<> tu hi1mro ngtrcl'i tOn nhan co. the la ai : «Vi.¢c gia tlni pMi linn I'J.i nha elm m9 ; neu cha m~ cMt ca roi, lam t(li nha anh em hay ton t<)c ; neu khong .. co anh em, !tin ti)c, thl t&i nha Htro7tg .tnr(l'ng dil ga chong, d6n ril.» (') "

Ttong bii.n d~ch h¢ Hl.nh-Lu(lt cua 6ng C~o-~Wi~Quang do trtdtug Lu(~t xulH hiln, danh. t!J,·. t(m nhan dtrgc d!c4 if.t nguOi trm)·ng lu;>, con danh. tt'r tOn ti)c thi !(hong .du~rc djch. Nlurng co·: · ·

. th1; ltil!u du·q·c cling m<)t ngl}1a lit ,bl\ .. con be·trcn trong h<;> (nghia . cim ch.ii- ton lj-). · ·

Nlm vf;y, trong · trrrlmg hq•p iu16ng con cha m~. ta da thi'iy . nhit linn lu(ll d~ cho t6n.nhan, hay tOn t{>c, !hay the. cha ill« trong vi¢c sinh lii vit irng tliu(\n gilt tlni. M\tc diiu danh Iii «cln"r

• hOnll ldiOng dtrq•c ·.tiM. l.:l.m · lni)J n6I Uri, nhu'11g· quu. Uillw.314 ... - . . • .. Hong Bt\·c, co th~ n<)i rllilg ch<t m(,' 'ho~c 1i~u khong· con cha·

nu;, tigtroi 'ton nlli'm, haY: wi:rt\>c _(nghia 'Ja blo: con he tren) g;';:r · vai chu han. · · · · ·

Th,.-c vf).y, danh: tii' chii. hiin. kh6ng.' ph.li'I;ch()ng dtrQ'c 'Jj;et · ...

· t6'i, dtroi tr.ieu Le. Danlt tt'r .n,aj da il!"o·c nhttc i<'ri ti·ong HCing . flll'c'thi~n chinh tlnr, d.o(ln "111. xilii'V.e:c~&i' ch(ly. tang qua l~'J.n': ~N!iu quan vi~n .xa ti·tr<Yng (l~iig hay .fiifip ngrro'i cou gtli) )~'i{ ·: <' ·· .

. , !tit nhf).ti..l1l ni)p .cheo, ho(ic .lit dinn ~i:r(ri, !chOng co· eM Mri, rna · · ·· · · ' . · nM.n J~ u~p cheo ci'ta nlia trai, thi lieu hi khep vito t¢i · <m1lng

·.·· . . phapii ·Q.<horig ton· tr9ilg pMp.lu~t). ·nanh tir chit I, oil cling du·Q'c • · .. : _ n6i toi trong m¢1 dieu khac ciia. Thien Nani. dtr Ji~ t~p qui djnh

.. · · · .ve tulli gia thu (h\1 qiin): . ·.. .., . ; . ·:· , ·.· ·. -· . - · ·· · · ; · . ,·. . . : ' .. ' .... · .. , ' .. ·· . ~, ~--.. :. '

· :;:;· :~ · ·. B~--·L,u~G: Gia llorig· · ., .... -. .. •' ... . ..

., .. _. ····•'

J:~:;~·.;,·,:.,...,_ .. _T.,;. r_.~_.ri_:g_:_. b¢ lu~t.~ia-Ld,~g ~a~~-~·~ ;M .. h6n.da~dtrQ·c.nh~:· ·. ;·:.' .'(1) .H~es Buc Th!~n chhih.lliu'/ao~.i· 2M,·:: ... ·· · · · ·' · ·.·. : ... :-·;;

. - . . ~ . : -,~: .. t. ,· . ..

. . . .. ;·; .· ... , . -- .. ;' :· .... ·,: · .. ~: ·. :, :- :. '· . : .. '•

: ·-· . . ~- ~ . . .. .•. ~.11'1 .. .' .. : .. . : .. ···.~;·_.,.) -·~

linn ln(il minh !hi <lilllg t6·i. Bi1Ju li) tln'r nhl!t c.iui.. !lien 9-l lu(lt G'ia T..ong, uhn.n cte l:'l fii-lt)n n1tt1Ju dii nlntn m~_Hlh vni lrb cl1a 11gtl'iri chit 1H)n, va C"lzi lf/nh ai h\ chU hOn. ((Trong vi¢c 1lon nhiln c~im con lrni ViL con g:H, ugh·l>·i chi'i h6n hno giO: ciing lit Dna ln'r, cha !Hf. NCu kh()ng c6 6ng b~\ chu nit;, ugrr()'i tluin ihll(k ~d1{1c. dirng c1tir1H)n. Nf\u ch<sng chCt, m{~ tti'i t/L( r;iti v;;i dem con gM· )11illh 6· vc)'j c~t'Ong snu, vit;c Ju':m n1u\n clw r:on gll.i sC clo. ngtrCri Ill{! dt'rng cl!i't h()O.» ·

Bien Hl!l G.L. dii mini! 11'jnl! 'fl'licl! nld<]m quan trqng ct"m. ngu-lri ohi'1 ftr)n: N6n gU1 thl1 phi pht'tp do dng1ni, chn m~, chti b~'te, ~b cH. nnh eh! r>Cn nc)i, h.:ly (Jrig hlt JH.1n ngm_1i dll'llg chl't hdn, ngu·bi cln"r h6u hi trt'1·ng ph:.ll, h:-ti lJCn nmn nfi· khVn,q b{ f{jf. N~u ugu·b·i e!ri't htln 1:\ nhii·ng ngtr6'i lhfm. tln.t'c)e khi1c nlin· nhU:ng th~\n tluu)c cl· Ju'tng clt1'6·i, hay trl~ ho·n hoi).c c{tc t<)n Um(>c xn ho·;1, ngtrb·i ·:chlt .h<>n b~ lei'eng jJh:)t nlm chinh ph:pu vit haihen nnm.i1ii· nlm.tong ,JJh::un \'r} dm)·c giilln· m<)t hf.tc. Nlht git\ !.hiL clq hni ]JCn fl:aiU uli: tv quy6t dinh, h9 se bf coi 1:\ chlnh plnpn vit ngu·l,.i. chtt !ton. lit tOng ph:.un c'hnye giilm m'.\t h\\e. 'NCn ngu·O·t l'On trai.Yit con gfti h! ngtrc'ri ehit hdn eu·O·ng b.:1eh'vll. gi:'1 t1n\ J.:ht>ng c..lo h:ri bi!n nmn nh· djnh, nlm lt·ong trm'nig liQ'Jl con trni dtr6'i 20 tn.1ii vit con gc'!i elm tr u11it (.tuy .h9 kh6ng_ h~ cu·O·ng b1k-h),.' rieng nglriri chli hOn phi'ti tc)l, cbn hill hCn nn'ni. nil· kht>ng bj t'.,li.

Ch1t thich <liclti nity, niH\ Ji11n ·ln(H. Gia Long da phi\n tlch ·cite l!i do cihl· st,r qui tljnh uOi tr<-'n: c<l\·ilH khi,trai gid kCt_hdll, th~ 111\0 cDng dtn M nt(>t ngm'l'i <lieu khmn v<\ d[nh- do:_tt mQi vic)C-cU1·ng rn him dui. hOn. Ngn·(ri fly. tlnrCrng lU Ong b~\ dOi v6:i cite. chtm, chn mt; dOi vCri. cite con, cln't. h_{1C .co dl ilOi viri e{lc ell au, nnh chJ UOi vtri· cltc ·em, <)ng' h~\ ngn~Ji <'l6i v6'i c:\c ch1ht

·nSot.li. L1\ nhii·ng h:}c tOn ~nrtrng rfit duvc Mn ti-9ng, cltC bi)c ily c6 uy t[uylln de dicu khilin vi1 dinh do:)t I'(J'i ltr cltch ddt Mn v~\ C1\e ngu·C:ri ty i'in khdng tlt~ m\(J trc'tl l~nh: Yi yz,y., chi riCng~ -· ngll'b'i chlt ltOn,h! i~)i,. tn:\ hni ht!n nant .nir khOng b! irLi·i1g phl,ll: Khi ngtrM cl!it ·hqn. Ia bt\ cqn tlulrl ·lhJt\i~ ;w, kl'l_ cti. khi gi•\;th!t no ]iii etta l!iri Mn nnm nil' l!f }' quy~t . d[nl) triti 1\tl;\t, ngu·iti chit hon vfin·ciln·chin·tr:\clt nhi~_tm>., · · ·, ___ , ..

Xem nlm vl)y, qu;n ni¢m c_Lw CO lu~t c~i ~ti6 tin\ ]:l: n;~f-. • • • • •. • • • ,r . .,. ••

20 .· _· :~;.{:"

,·, '··' ,,., j : -.. . ::;c /::.:\: ~,,: .~:;- ,; ,! :i~:i~,,;,j,~; . . .::: •.

~~i::.:.M:! ... ~:.'.:.•. '.: ;\ _: .• -.. :t~ 00 ' ·~ ·<" ,, 0

•

'

: .•· .. ·:';.,':.:

st.l' gino hit;n gifht hni l1Q, Ltii d~it ngu·l)'i chi'l hUn \':'to m~)( dJu vi quan trQng.

· Tronri su· uuvCl ciinh Jf·m1 !"lw!L11 gb'!. PH:, :~!jt:-trt :.:.hi'i. thkl

se din c.u:--va~) tie~1 cht;i:tn ntl~ ? Ti,~u C'hn~in n,·Jy.ciing phili lim. tt~ong plu:trn vi qnyCn lqi elm d:,1i gia dinh, plnl' 1-lllng-Bt'rc Thi¢n cJJinh thll' d:.i ghi r<i, tront~ khoUn Y.j;J: <(]\.hi bAn linh dCn vi~c h6n nhftn, tnrtn~ hGt phiH xt!t tinh h:_1.nh ngtr6·i con g;,'ti Vit Unh h:n~h ngu·c'ri cha, ciwg 1:\ 1;i.n ph{tp ·nhtl t.:ha ·m~ ngn·O·.i con· gfd iiy, ehtr nCn ham llH) citi. pJni q:·.)! <;i.'ta nha fly. r,;~;u nglrl.ri con gili mit hiCn, h~ly giO· ngh~o· hCn, jl i.t·l ·dt\u n'g:1y san · ·· khOn£ p;iitu· s·::mg 'l NCu h't. ngtriri hn·, bUy gilr gHtu l:i·ang, lJiCi: clAn ngciy sat1 khOng nghCo khO? NCn nhfi· nl.ii!"J con d<lll qrwn .h~ cito -~{!' lllinlz · suy trona uta cti.nlz: ~reu chl vt lwm m(> s.t_r gi~u sang nhiit th(.ri nu\ lily vq eho con, ugu·<ri v~r fly kltOng khO: · cjy cili giUu sang cim m!nh Illil khiuh chOng v:) kil~u ug~:to vtri ciw. m~, thi\nh c;.\i linh · kiCu eiing v'\ ghen tw)ng, d~ et'li Ht.r 10 ('ho

· ngay n1ai, blCt th6 nilo hl elwg ~t~·c I Dil cho cO \'l l~\i sllll ci:ia ·vq 1nlt trO· IJ.Cn -giUu, nho· cil.i thC nhc\ VfJ' nu\ thilllh sang, d~ cho ch) khi no. de hen (nlnr ~on ch6, con ng•)·a); hit chilng th~u npnh 11\ni llUiy ! .. ,,; (') · ·

TI.Ic-ngii· ·clw 'ta cii.ng cO cfru : «LUy VQ' ken t<Jug, Hiy chUug . ken giOngJ>, Giing cimg ·In(>t. }' ·ngh'ia. ·Song nlul liun lu;jt l.rt!n ·aay ch"i <lc c;)p.dCn. ticu·chuan I";n clt\u· hiiln mt\ khoug n6i !len s9· kC:n rl!; diCn iiy cling d(; hi~u : lrong phzun vi do~i gin dlnh ciaa plH,1-h~-che «<ltha It\ con, r~ .lit klu\cll>i. NgarOi . con d<in plull' s6;1g froug gh~ diuh 'nhii ch()ng, ·_.nhl~· con cAi b·ong :nlui; do flO uhit liunlu(Ll cf1i c\Ji vi(·t: k~:·n eltl,lll ngu·{J'l cou chi.n «f[lW.n h~ cJIO ~t.r thjuh· suylrung gin ([iolH, nul kh<iug .di.t c~p den vilrt de ken rC.

· .. ·. 1;>t'rog r~ diCu'khiCn gi:.\ t1nl, neu l>(>i hUn, ngltla Ut· ni!u d.fi · . hti·U- gil con. gM, ··1~0i ~l6i )r t.h6i khOi1~( gil, hoijc gil cho ngu:Oi

~I) IJOog Dlr,c .Thi€};1 clduh. llnr, tn.1u-g Saigon IQ,D).. · ·

21· .· . . ' . . •····

~U.:~:~·: ~: ... ~. ~---·-~ :~.:- .·: . _ .. _··-~~-...... ·~:: ,·_ ."-1" .. -.J

l<Mc, ngm'l'i clui Mn cling bj · t(>i ·(di~u 315 HB; 94 GL ; ho:t d[n). NOi t6m l(li, gia thtl Ia m¢t vi¢c quan trc;mg deii vir:i gin dinh han lit d5i v&i hai ben nam nfr. Tuy nhiiln, h·ong c6 Jut)! cung <rui djuh ca nhfrng di~u ki~n mil cite ngtriYi nay phai thiia mau trong gia-thit.

lJO.J)..N 1'H& HAl

liAI VQ CHONG KHONG PHAi LA THAN-THICH

Tren phtrang dif;n lniln tlmemg·. dl).o ly, ·ctjug nlm ·vny do· .,:,.c khoe va tuang lai cita gil'lng noi, nen hu).t phap nao cling cam <loan· gia-thu gifra cac than thfch, chi klu'tc· nhau trong chi w;t ciim-doan cac cap b~c thiln SO' ma tMi. .

Theo quan ni<;m ciia Kh6ng-giao, trong Ju~t Trting-Hoa, cilng nlm trong lu(lt Vi~t-Nam, cac Sl)." cam doari rat nghiem ' lthi.\c. Vc viin-de n~y such Li!-Ky (chtwng Lii-klnic), phftn bi~t the (vq ci\) vii thiep (vcr le). Vq cii pMi lay ugrriJ"i khac h9 ; con vq le hay thiep khi nma, neu kh6ng biet h9,' tlli ph>ii b6i · rua (Thil-the biit thii d()ng tinh ; c5 mfii thiep biit hi ky tlnh lac Me chi). (') Nhtr vf)y, Sl)." cl(m doau rat r(lug rlli, bao trum llll·ca cite uguil'i cimg m(ll h9. Tuy nhieri, · d5i v&i vif;c liiy thi€p trong th'!'c te, vi cac ngtril"i thiep khong din ch9n. ky ln·.ii·ng trong c>\c gia dlnh man dang hi) d1ii nhu ngrrai · vg ca (hay· the) nen trong trtrimg hqp ltMng hiet ro h9 citn ngrr<ii thiep, theo l\IC T.l1.1llg Hoa, Sl)." cam doim Him gia thil . trong hQ _m(lt

· · phan uito c6 tM cltrc_rc.nhan uhm:rng bang each b6i tmin il~ xeni · vi$c gilt tM c6 n~n ciT· hitnh hay khan g.

1.- s., ca'm doc"in trcng .. iu{it. Hliing &6-c .. -, Gia thu · · phi ic~i.

· flieu 319 Ju:).t Hong Bu·c qui djnh : «Chu tM co di ty niu(li .- M. nfr c:).p thilu thich, phi lol),i giii, tjnh phong dl.gian In~» (2).

· (x). JR .!{. ::r- JR raj $. • tt: .· Ji ,t;. ::r- ic Jl. :IIi fl•l 1· . >t. o _ · ·

00W.Ba*a•*~&A3a·A~~~~o

: ... . ,. . "/.

::,.- ... :.··· ··· .. : ·: ·.:···.: ·-·- < · .... :.-. -·~ .'

•

i.

•c.;·.

Theo ban djch b¢ Qu<Sc trrou Illnh-Lu(lt do tnri:tng Lu~t Saigon xnat bi\.n nam 1956, dieu nay t!u·qc djch nlur san : «Lay con gai rieng (trrc Ia con ch<:lng) dm co di, chj em, cimg la than thich, tire Ia gia.thit trai. nhim a').o den Ju~n theo t<)i gian thOng». Nhtrng thi~l' tmhg dnnh tir "I<ii nih & d:l.y ding chi Ia m<)t ttic 'tir nlm cac danh tir co-di, tv-mu6i vii tliiln thir.h ; rln <16, c!iil!1. 319 Jn~t Ho~g Blic dung ly -phai djch nlm san .: ·xPham lay co, dl, chj, em, ke nil· (tU:c lit con 1·icng cua· vq), cung .than thlch, tt.rc I:\ gia tlui phi lo').i, det.z lw}n tbeo tgi· gian th!lng» (').

Trong Thien Nam dtr hc.t t;)p eo ghi mt)t 1¢ uam tM: ItT QuaiJg-Tim(lu (1467) dm:ri nlwn de: gia ilui pili lo<<i l~ : «Pham <;img h<; t1ong tong trong ngli ph\lC (ugh!a lit hil con phai d~ • tang nhan), cung l!\ dong !t)u_g tHi·xa rna khong )lhai di! tang; va con co con c~u, <loi con di <lit, hoi.\c lit t6u ty khong ttro-ng doi, ·deu cilm khong dtrQ'c lliy nhau. Ne\llit chitu co, chan cf.tu, eMu dl, chan dii thf khOng cf:itn. f..-iiy cO dl~. chi em.) ke nfi·, cling than thich Ia gia tlni phi lo~i, deu kh<ip vito t.;>i thOng {!ian. (Qnang-Thu~n tt'r nien : giit thu phi lo:;ti 1¢. Nhiit biin ton ngt1 phtJc, tfnh ban ton ky vii:n nhi vo plwc, h¢ (long · tinh, tinh cil:u cO chi tit, lu·O·ng di chi til·, c3.o lu.t hilt tuo·ng dOi, tinh cllin. NlmQ'C co ciht chi ton, ltro·ng di chi.tou bi[t dim. ThU codi . ty mn¢i l'e uii· c;j.p than thic~hi lo:;ti gia, t{nh dl gianlnf.tn). So dicn ·319 cila b\> lm)t Hong'l~li-c vit dWu I~ nay, ta thily dieu

:319 chi Ia m<)t hinh tlnrc nit ngan etta t1mu l~ Quang Thu:j.u vi> «gia thu phi Io:,1h. vil bltn dich c1ta twb'ng lu:).L clii. djch sai y cua nha liun·lu~t. . .

. Ye gi,\. thl\ phi lo~i, trong Houg Bti:c thi¢n chi.nh th~·,. do~J,n 280, cling ghi m¢t W )i¢u hu·u JC!i kMc lit!:!I siuig to theni,vD.n d~ : «Nhiit gia tin'• phi lo(li : Tru·o·ug i[u hiht lm\n, phap thn<U ·

. tien vu:o!'g chi t1i1in, ton ty'hrru lt)', I~ tuau minh 4nh chi diiiu. Tlnr qu.6c pMp' chi chieu thtiy, di¢c. ltru truyen u: hi).u the. Nguyen Mci tham tam phu qu:)•, ket phat phu the, gia. tlni · phi lo(li ch.i dien, djnh tQa !tru ln~n. Thu·qng h'). biit khii. ttrrrng '

(l) nGia thu phi. Jo~i» khOng phai Ja gia tbii trai nh.lm a~o. Gia thti phi lo~i l:l gi<i thU ki.H ho-p _hai. ngU"Qoi khOng dll'Q'C xUp viv;a cllng mQt

'·lo~i (Vi ly do co liiin·M than lblch). ·

;23· : ··.-· .'.l

:: ..

'.

:., ...

. . plrGl, ngh! h'tl'\)'ng lJ1H.ll1o)p. V ln;)t Lhi ftimh, qu6e tril?u hftt khlr.>> ] )!ch : !:fl(l thi1 l;hOng phiH (;t'mg Jo,~L hay e.img h'ra: Trtrl)·ng ii~1 plui.i c(> Iw\ji t1w·(rng, hojc tiCn vn·o·ng t1ii nCu rn ph[tp mt~o, lc)n ty p1Hii c.:O ln)t lt.l", troug ~(\ch I~ dii c6 minh l~nh. · BO h't ph1:•p nn·{I'C.: r/3 r~\ng 'c:l6 hru trt~yCn h:~n thC. ·Ngny~n Ml) lhmn tAm g-ilill s:.wg, trong vi~:.c ket 16c XC:'. kr, lHJ' chOng l(li ,Ph(l11l vtio tiiilu yirl I lui phi lo(d, ll(i!J klu!p mio f(U /tl'll. Ctlc bri colt ldJt f;J .i.hongt!ti! lfiy nhan, uen nyhi t(Ji tam ch(lc tru'(mg. Pltai y lu;J.t H1il thi himb, nh}t IHttrc ldHJng th(! tha Hnl:» .

. : 'l'lti Ht;n. wly, cl1i lit m(lt .btrn (Ln nhung dU tO cho tn rO ]~\ ·:.:<'t•:: :j{: tLt: phi lotJi:gOlnlllt)t c.{u:.h b;:u; q~~~;l nhtrug gUt thlt giiia 0:h~ thit.ll f.hh:h, hi6u thco nghla rt)ng, hilt lui).n gifb.t 1uing ln!n, liitng dtr<ti l!r.y bay vui ngang hitng.

Tt·ong; f-lUng Blt·c Thi~n chinh.tlur, do~n 277", cOn ghi n1Qt I:H Ji,~u ciim dmin c<ic ngtrlri cting h9 liiy uhau (tlong· tlnh vi h(m). D~\y cfing h'L 1n,)t biin tu1 cii, nCu Van thth~ ciing'ght.l ginng t;H 1h;u trCti : Di tinh v"i h<)n, khti p"hi't}l tiCn-vu·o·tl·g yhi ,·1it!n : d;jng-lc)ng hl'irug-pllOi, quai-vi minh-l!nb Chi-<iii}ri. 'fllll· · qu{>c-plt:ip chi chie·u-thity, di~c heu-truy~n h,\u-thf. :Ngu)'~n ll!o bat eO clit\n-c~nrang, phi-vi quOc ph<ip biit-tm\u (ru·Cmg fin chi h)', JHii v.i cilm tlni chi him ; di dong cot nlwc chi tliiin, nlri litq t'-:H qua chi h>i~i, tQn trnvug b:H tlH)j) ei1i tc)l, dl ~~un dO lu~jn

· c:hi diilu. YJm\t thi-Ju\nh, quiic-lricu nghj chieu phi\n dj». D[ch : rd:Iai ben nnlll nii·li'iy nliau pluii kluic. h9, il6 hY ili~n philp.cltti ti:.~n vtrn·ng ph;}i nCti theo. Cimg h9 nul hro·n[f·phf.ii, lA tnii . minh. l(•uh cita ·Iu,u p.hitp. Phep nu·(rc dii ro r>ing, pluii lim ti·uy~n l1\\u the. Ngny~nc~fii ·khOng lheo Cli~n ·dmo·ng ell, Jltm 1 rll:i pht~Jl ~~ u:O·c; khOqg n<>i tr~\t lt~· tnrihtg flu tr<>ng 1H), kh~tc llito l<'lJlg d:.t e:1,a tl!lt;.Clem tinh c1H. nh\,·c <lll.i hiin tinh vq chong. V:)y khep vito l<)i tnrq·ng l:\m ch\lC VI\ xi'r p!t:.tl tr)i db. Y lttQl tlti:

· hanh, vit <ltii' hi\~1 phi\f ly d!>r. · · · . . . V6·i ],(n :\n nhy, ngu'lri ta t~· hOi lrorig huj.f ph:Up nhil Le c6

<tiilu Ju(tl: nao cam <1otm m(>t c;ich tling qriat gi,1i ·th1t giii·a cac . ngll'lii <long llnh nlur. trong such Lil-ky kholig .'1 .· . ..

.. . . : . . ~ . . . . Khuo ct'ru lroug qit;y1:u'Thieu nam dtr ht.t-t:)p, cli1mg Ia !My . . .·- . . . . . .,

.... ·· •' .. ·~,::

... .1 •• ~

II I i

liJ«,)t le.ulJ uiim H(1ng-Hlrt: lhlr 3 (t./7.1) nhan clC ; I<C!fm. rnJnu !in!l ui lzcJn l~~nhl) : (<Nhiit phiun <lUng tinh vi lu)u giil, tt·u·,_nq; hp; th~p, ly-dj)> (Pl1luu cimg h.q m:.'t. Iiet hUn, hj tc)i ·oo lnrQ·ug ;' vQ'·

chilnr; ph{ti ly-rli).

Nhn· v;,~y, du'mg in_ ph/ii 1nH Ju;}n r3ug h1:H nliit LC, c.lii dw li~u nguyen Hie t6ng qu[tt' eli'm ugtriJ·i cimg IHJ (d(Jng Uui1) l:;ll6ug dt1'9'C hl_y nhau. •{BOng Linh;j (y tliiy, ph~i( hieu JU 1dH'mg nhii·J)g clmg d(li 1n(,t hQ nu\ cOn lhCt chm1g mQ_t Ong. tO; vl v~y, ban {m ghi tronf( H~ng-BtrcThi~n chinh flm m6·i Qui tiri trt~t !1;r !n\n du·o·i va tinh rq\\t th!t! ·

S1r cUm t1o:'m giit thi1 gi!i·n c:'H· ngu·Cri eimg h<:J <:fi11g i1tnt~~ qui djqh lroug lu(lt n!Iit Btri>"ng lrong mf.>t "dien nh<tn cl() lit. «Elilng. tiuh villOfl)> : '«Chtt c1bng tiqh vt hOn gill, dtc-·c1(; tlhj niCn; ty tna di tlmqng, dl giaulu~n» ; I' ham dong tinh mit ket hou, bj t¢i d~ . liai niiui; neu than lhu¢c plul i il~ tang ty lll<l (3 lhitng) lrc·· len·,.

· · lay nhau hi khep vito t¢i ginn th6ng» (') · ·

So simh hai dieu khoiiu nrJi lrcon.ci][~ hi(ll Hllng~Hti·c va Iu(lt n!lA f.hrirnu ve S\r cfin1 doi-1.n Iu)n ulu\n giii.:a ·cac ngtr\>·i trong hQ, c6 th~ nh(ln thiiyhai sty qui djnh gau hwng ttr vil ·Jllnmng dicn n(li dung liin ca liiuh U1rrc:. . ..

Hi.- S'f ~it'im c!?o<il> trong !"{'~ Gi<>J Loros·

. Sty nghiem clim nay C:<)U dtrQ"C qui. ~jtih l;lc)t d•ch ly my Ya.

nghiCm khac ho·n·.trong .Jn;!l uhtt Thanh,:ma. lu:)t Uia Long dii. clu\p l;.li nguyen VUll lroug CltC (!idu 100,. 101 v>i l(l:_!.

·. Bii!lllOO ; Gid till!. aii7:a tihli'n!fll[flrU·i .rt~1ny finlz. (~i111g hv) :· <<Phfun nhfi·ng ngtrO'i r"l(3ug Unh lily nlwi1, thi h~ t¢i GO {ni'<J'pg, r.:i. ph:li Jy dj». Tuy uhicn, trong.li.d dan gi<li'dicu ln;)t ni•y;. tihidimi.: Iu(tt Gi;t Lmig c6 n6i ro ueu tuy cting h9 nlnrug lditing. :cimg pMi h¢ (nh;t·9·c dclng Limh, nlti nguyen btll dong· plt.iti 1!1\ giii), tlii.kli6ng irp dl!ng lu;U nity. L6'i diin·gii\i ru\y, do nhit lam.ln$-:i tri~u Ngu.Y,~ll them vito, kltcing co lrong h<) .lw)t c~a nhit Thitn)J;

' · . .'' . -~. -:.

.. . :~

t~~\~ ·!~:7::\: .. = .· ~ "/~,~-/-: •.. ;

•( ·.·

Tuy nhien, theo c:\c ban ·an \lrr9'c ghi chcp trong b~ Trung Hoa; thi •'!' c[m,dolm cac gi:i. tht\ giii·a cite ngtri>'i <lOng tlnh m\\t c•ich· hao quat cling khong dnv~ dan.ginn a trong mro·c· T1iu thi hitnh; vi. vi)y trong thv·c Hi, ciing chi ciim <loan s9· kCt h<in gifra cac ngrriri dong tinh va dong phiti, ngh'ia Ia cung ong tl'l m:i thOi.

·. Bieu 191 : Gi!i thri gizi·a ngu:M. tronu hQ b(Jc treiJ. vci bgc du:&i (ton-fy) : ·. . . · .

. - Pham tigrri>'i h9 ngo(li con c6 tang lfiy nhau; ltny Ia lay· chi em giH cling m<? 'khac cha ; ·chllng sau v&i con· glti chong cc tnr6·c ; mil lay nhan, den · iay lnl)t ve hit con th<ing gian· ma· xir t¢i (t¢i thong ginn do bn nam). . . . . . .. . . .

. -:- Nhfrng ngtril'i c6 h9. ngo(li, bi)c lrcn hay h(lc . dir&i, den kMn·g. drrgc lay nhau, h~ trlii lu•)t thi phai t<)i 100 trrrQ'ng,

- Chi em gai con eo,'.con c~u·, doi con di, U(y nliau thl pluii .80 tmgng· va ly di. Nlnr·v:).y den hang cliau c6, chitu c:,\u, chan · dl, gill tin\ khong hi ciim doannii:n. '1\JC ngii: co can : «Chau c(lu :ina lay chittt c6, tb6c !Lia day bo, liht mit nhit· tn.>> hay «chau d6i

· con di, xu-xi lay nhaU». · . . .

·- Con gai cmi trai chong tnr6·c v&i chOng sau lay Hin nhl)u · · 'thl thehltm lay wiu·il'i bd con trong hg c1/Jizg long kltVng_ c¢1! (le lang . nhau 'nii·a, hay lit /a!J. V(l' czza ngu:(ri vci· con ay, Lhi h<\(1 trai, bim

. t glti deu ph8.i trm?'ng 100. · · · ' · · ·

Nh~gc' hllng lay VQ' rigm'>'i citing dong h9 tang .3 . t.hang, hay: · lit vrr c(tu; vg chait gQi minh lit c:).u <leu phai L¢i d1l1· nani, liiy

VQ' ngtrbi trong h9 da hi !,"1\y hay Jit Ciii. cai gia roi, Jam. V9' Ca .. hay vg le,_ deu ·phiii sa trtrQ'ng: (Ne1i ngu·Oi ha co.n .khOng .co.n : tangthi !;.hang M). ·

Nhtrgc Mrig lay vg le cim cha, ong hay I>\ bile g~i thlm, ' thl kMng cir dli hi rilyh11y dli c.U gilt roi, detr xif· t¢i tram:-·.·

. · · ·.Lay·cli.i .d1h1 hay Ia em dau, khOng cti" 1>\ hi· rily hay .dli c~i ·. gia;.deu hi xir giiio, !i(y lain VQ' le thi 'giam t{li m¢1 b(lc. . ., . ..

:< 26. .... ,'

I • • ."·•' , • .:''·:''·: .. , .. , .. ·, .. ~_:.:::··: .... .. : ·'

. ' . -.-.; . ·.· .............. ·. • .... -........... ..

·-

II I m

Lily co, ~htiu, chi em ct1ng dong hg, dl! tang nhau 3 !hang h·o· len, cfing tleu theo !u(lt thOng gian mit xi'r - (l\'>i d<J 3 nlim den gino).

(N(li dmig cita khoan- cuoi ci!Ug nay gieing n<)i dung cua <lieu 319 lwH Hong Dti·c, va nlur vij.y ciwg chirng to· b:in di!:h dieu 319 Hong Bti:c h·ong quyl!n Quoc. trieu Hinh-Lu~t do lru-cmg hu).f Saigon xnilt bi'm khong drrq·c dung nghia nhrr da v'!-ch ro o· trim).

IJO,JN.TII(/ B.-l .. ' .

Gl~ THU_ KHONG DlJQ'C Clr HANH TRONG uJc.· CU: TANG

Co Icing mrl /elm gici lhti lcl bUt hi1iu, vi vtjg lutjl H~ng BU:c va lu~l Gia Long aeu ciim aocin.

~~- i.q,o(l!~. Hans &u·c.

Trong b~ lu(lt Hong Birc, ·dieu <117 chi cam lam gia tlul. kbj co tung cha m~ hay tang chling, plwm vao dieu nay phai t(>i di1,

· n.grro·i biet <lti'O'ng str en· tang mil vlin th6ng· gia thl -phai· h\l ba · tr(tt vil vq· chong m6-i cu-6-i pluii ly di. · ·

Tuy nhien, trong Hong Bti:c thi~u chinh tllU', co chCp Lroog · do:,tn 111, m(\t <lieu 1~, ni~n hi<)u Houg Bti·c thir 25 · (1494). cho

pl!Op ctrfri clz(I!J lang, khongcli' lit tang ni,\ng hay nh~ (•). Ph~i chang giit thi1 con hi earn doan trong m(\t sei lru·p·ng hQ'p lang chi'i khilc ma dieu Sl7 Hong I:Hrc l<hohg dt;r lii)u? Hi¢u.nay kh6ng tim thiiy !iii Ji¢u nao lrong phap eM nhiL Le d~ sui sang viin d~. Diiu sao, !he.o 1¢ cll'c'rich,,y tang n6i tren, cclrong ngay hom

.· ngn·O'i than thu(>c cMt, con mong dq-i may ra ngrrixj ily s~ng l,P, . vi v~y cho ph<\p gift thti dti'Q'C c.i'r hilnh, g<;>i lit cri·Q-i. ch~y tang. Neu ngu·o-i cMt den ba ngay <la kham. li~m roi, ai. cling Mo Iii chiit hiin, 'thi kh6ng drr9·c ci'r himh cn-6-f ch~y lang. nil:~ .. TrAi _!fieu·lu(lt nay, se phai'khep vito t(>i 'rut ngan· !ljng ph_ue ·tuy . .,,._ . -.... ·.

·' u - •• • 3

· .. '(W Khin;h lr9ng i!aog l'a'D!f· .·' ... :.- ..

·;:-·_ ' . -: ;;·:·- (!.;·· , __ , ,·. ""·' ·.;,·>

tang nZtng uh') mil lu<~l~ t(Ji, n€u qnan viCn xfi tnn'Yng trong lang hay gi<tp iit len hit nlt(ln 1~ n<}p cheo, hoijc· lit diun crr6i khOng c6 chii luin,·n1A nlu;\n HS n(ip cht~q elm 11hit trai, thi dl!n. hi khep vito l\\i HOng pluip (ldu\ng ton lrQng qn6c"plui.p). Quan vlc.~n bj. t<)i b.i.Cm, Xii~lru·Ong h! t¢i tnrqng, clui·c s£c .hao nl\Jc· trong limg ctii Ia th[t mu·u, b[ t<)i dCi ·Hun kliao-dinh.' Neu ai khOug tri trinh, 'lhi kh6ng phi\i t<}i». . . . . . .

. 11.-- &.u{it Gig l.or.g.

Trong h<} ln(i.t Gin-Long,, <lliln 08 plnin hi¢1. hai tnrlrng hQ'p :

a) Dang c6' tang hn nhm, nghTa li\ lang cha m~··hay l(lng .ch(lng; mil lay VQ' hay lily ch()ng thi ph{oi phQt 100 tru·Q·ng·;.)ay VQ' le pluii ph•,tl . so trm;rng. Trong tat ca Ctic tnrirng hQ'P trcn vri chCing pluH_ly-dj. · .. · · · ·

h) Bang co tang m<)t niim, mit lAm gia-tln~t, · thi phii.i ph_l)t 80 , ' tnrqng,_ n]nmg khong phiii ly dj. ·

.. · . .Trang' tilt cil cac tmimg h9·p, khQ,,g nhii·ng ·vq ch()ng bj t<)i,. ·. rria ngn·o-i chit •!Hln, cf\ng · phi\i ph:,tl, _nlmng tr1i giiim 5 b(lc.

... . .Trong ht~t Gia~Long kliong qui c1Jnh tmimg hQ'P cm)-i-~h(ly tang, nhn·1ig · it)c 1~ uity ·vlin du·9·c ltm lruycn h\· cloi Le tron·g · 'dAn clnh~g.

·.: .... ·:. ··.

DOi).N THO: 1'11

· GIA~'rHO KHCNG su'Qc eli HANH KHI cHA MF. BI·GIAM TU. . . : . . .

·_. C6 tang ;nit Hun gi·a tlr(t thl biit hie;J,_nhtrng l<hi cha m~ hi g1an1 Ul, con cht\U ciing phitix6t lhtro-ng lth6ng-lh~- ket hon-~tn·<;>'c. . •' . ' .... · .• ·" .. ...

.. : ... . '

'.. ···.'Hie it 31~ 'H~ng_ Bt't·c qui· clinh J'1lng: <eTro~;s khi 6n"g bit-b} · ·ctiam dhn ii1 t6]., nul:. gil.· chOng cw6·i VQ' Uti phiH h~ ·ha lr~t-~ hai· ~ ~9' choug _phal.ly-dj,.Tuy nhfen; <li~m cl~c bi¢t )il. S\l' dim doibi•_ · · · . • J • ' • . •

·.(::}s .< . -~.

.... . '.·;

=

II II

nay k]u)ng CO tlnh c:ich luy¢l df!i; Yi v~y 6ilg ])a bj giaJn ClliJ;t' c6 the c.ho piH~P con eh:ht _Uun gi~\ .Un't dn·g·c. ((NC'u c6_ .!Jlu>.p ctm (m~r hh, cltl du·c.rc lc'nn lC thltnh hc)n mil khOng_duoqchny ro ·c(} lni; iin uting ; 'trtli .lm}t, phtli h~l mOt Lr~b1 (diCu. ats· do(ln ctJ<Ji).

Ve sit qtti dinh nity, uhit Iitm hu).t H(1ng-B'trc <Iii thnmclnrbe t.r0~1g ln~t ··;n11a Bu·O·ng : (<Clur tO pln,t-m~l~, ph~t-mfiu h~ tit cfitn nhi'ffit\-thtl: o-ii't,. tir·tc)i·(f{) nhflt ni.en bt\n ; hn_1, ·t~)i ghim .. nhiit dUng ~do; t<)i btnrqng nhilt bach. (T('l ph\t-iHiiu, pluJ-miiu, m~.nh-gi:1, Vl~t lu;in) ((Phitin Ong lH\ cha 111~ plu"ti li1· b;'Ji, (con · . clu'ut) hi IQi (1{) m<)t 1lrun ru·(H ; nC.u Ong ln\ cha Ill!;! bi lc}i Ju·n thJ con chim <~u·_q·c gitln1 f{,i mc)t L:)c ; nCu fmg ba chnm~.~ hi L<)i d(l, con ehillt bj l\)i 100 truvng. (Xeu Ong hit ciJn Ill!~ c.ho phep· !hi kluing ld1ep t1ii)u. · . · ·

11.- Lu~t· Go(ll lo011g.

Hi~~~ gg 1u:J,t· Gin.:.r..o~lg dii chl·p c.'h'Lng nguj·~H-vUn r_tw I.u~t uhit Thanh: «Cttc c.on chttll ket-hc)\1 lrong · khi cing h•l cha m~ bj ginm c~m vil ti"r /.(li thi phi\j ph~t so tt'llv.ng.· Neuliiy Ie hay. 11iyvr!·IC, thllr;)~gilun· h'!i· h~c». Hi~m-kht\c nl1iil ·v&i.lu1)t i1hf

· LC, Ht 'Ju(lt Gia:-L~mg, ngoili hinh p1u.tt n6i ti·Cn, 1dl6ng ])tiL vq chOng ph§i ly-dj. ·· ·

Ng~ili ·ra, hu).t Gia-Long cling nlvr lll(tt Hlhig-Bt•·6, tl)ira nhl).ll cho· ong bit· cha Ill~ hi" giam cam dtrr:>'c quyilu. cho plu!p. con c]J{nl inm gh't-tlni, n.htr'ng khCmg c1LrQ'e ltn uOng, ueu khOng, cung Jihai t(li 80 tmqng. .

Theo vlin-h,r clieu U9 lu~t Gia-Long, ·vi¢.c gltt-Uiii chi 'bj cam c:lo:\n nCu Ong bit. cha nw 'b-!. giam clhn vi m{>t tlr·t~)i. S011g giiii ihlch <lieu. n>ly, m<)J l(>'i chit thlch trong b(l lu~t .nh.'t •{Jmnh cho biJ'Sl lit thl~d~t· chi co tinh-c•\ch · chi diin ; nhilliun Iui\t dfi Ice I

·· tru·6·ng hq·p ·n~ng··nhilt Hnn thFdul song ~~eu cha m(.!·:bj &.riam .. diip ve t(>i hm ·hay h)l <t(l, cue •'!' ket-h<)n ciing bj ci\m chi.· :

Noi toni 1~i,. s~ qui cJ_inh elm l~ni b(>" I~,~~ H~~~· B~rc vii Gin :.·· . \ !

'Long cfin.g tyo·ng.tv·nlii•·nhuuv/.Lvlin.~e ~fi1.1i gi~ thi1 :i~ong ·!<hi.'.: i\

.· ·chn IH!f·l?~-g~ain tu. · . .· . . . .. · · · . .. ... _ -'~ ,

-··· .. ~\-·s-/.,::_ -·-· ·.·.

._ ·' . -: _.'

Bf?~!v THIJ NAM

PHAI TON TRQNG"TR~T Tl! THE THIEP

VI lll\!C dJch .Ju'u tmy~n ~i¢c l)lwng Sl)" .tl\ ti~u, c1l~J~~~ ua khuy<ln k!Uch che d¢ da the ; · m(>t gin dlnh co nhie1i con drrQ"c coi nh1r m(\t gia dlnh p"ln\c dll:c; · · ·

Tuy nhieil, d1! gil'r tr~t llf troug ci;;ti gia (Uuh, tr~l t~' ph:J.i '. dirQ"C tiln ll"Qrig.gifra rigu'oi VQ" ca hay VQ" ch!nh (tlnr/rug gQi· lit ·

· chinh, tMt) va cac v9· Hl (thrril;ng g9i Iii thit· tMl), vil. nang hliu ·· thu-o·ng gQi lit thii'>p). M(it doi.khi ngtr61. ta cling g9i .v9: Hi lil. thi!ip, vit nang h1lir lit thtt· thiep. :. · · ·

. _-·_.-~ili d[ c6,v<}· CU rlli, mi'ri C6 th(;Jffy V(/" Ji! ho~c ll'\~g.lidu·.:, . . . ~ . . .

. : K)li VQ" _clt chet, in6i c6 th1! H'fy V9' klu\c, . gQi la.::U :fu1(L' · · · .

. ~e~VQ" ca ]~h~ng 26 ~~~~- ~Cl-1~~~ cho jilH\ji·:d•t;:~:~"i;::ci(" :~i: lay nglririvQ' cii. kh>\c, (xem clmo·ng: xual tJie va jy· dj :;h~. diln}.-·

· · Tii1~ t;.,;ng, kl;~;,g.th~llly ~q··c:il:, neu gia .n;!,: 'ch~:i~_:ti~if!~, · : hi¢u "hl'ru"chJrndirQ"C UO(llf tieti. .Khi b~u den tir he ·(cac con),. ·' 'ta se r1i ngu·id con cil ci'ta v9· chin!~ c6 nghia V\1 . pli\1ng Slf. tl>. ·.

•.: lien vit g9i llt.d!ch trr.. · · ~. · .. .-: :: · · · .. · Q~an nie111. nlty;do KhCl~g~giitO ~nit c6. v~. cHi dll'Q:c:cac .;~hit ." .

'Iitm ln~t. & Trung-Hoa c()ngnlur &Ni¢t-Nam qui d[hliJninldi;;t.ch." · ·. . . . .... ' . . ' . ' ..

-~.- L~at i-la~e su-e. ·. : . : .. . ' . . ' .

- . ·: ' ..

Trang b~ lu~t H!5~g~Birc, .. dieu 300 dg: Iii~·,, rfing ·i":ly 't11i~p . ·· . ·Jam VC)' ca Se J~hai t¢i, Vi ycu llllllg• h1iu (thiep) ma· thO' 0' '.y(ri .Vo'. :. ·. cil, phlli t¢i biifm. _Pliai c6 VQ' !lura miYi hi tc)i. . · ·· .;:. ·' ...

...

:: .. Vll_'v11n ae -riit);:lu~t ~i,il Brro·rig phil.iJ hi~t.r5.Jl~ijji;,~~g<. hn), .trong hal dil!u lu(lt kluic· hi~t.: · :·. · . · .. ·:.:.': ·:· . : <'· ·· ·:•

'- ... ,- . . ' .·· , .. · ::--:::. ·: ..... : . 1) Bil!u «<ifm ·iM cltnl~.tlu'!»· (c6y(>· ctl, i~i llfy.:.vQ- ca :khilcl · .. ;, :

· ~- ··«Ghrr hib,i tM dimh tlu\ tl~c .. giii, dl3 nh11t nien, nfr gia ·g;ain nhllt . . .

"~~1~~(;{":.:.~~;:~; :; .· ZH:.~i;,r.\~9'·· ·~~M£:t~~&\

llli

dfrng» (') : Do c6 vq clr, l;d Jay vg cii khac, b! to)i dCl mQt nam; di5i v6'i nh(t gili, t(>i giam m(lt b:).c.

2) Bieu ceDi tM vi thi<ipll : ccChtr di the vi thiep, di t)· vi tM gilt, du nhj ni<\u; di thi<ip c:).p dung niX vi the, d'i t}• vi'_thi~p f!i!L (f{l nhUt niCn b:'tit, e;iu.:; hoiti1 chiuh chi)) (2) : Phit.m lfty vg ca Jiun le, hay Jay t5· (nitng-h~u) h\IU VQ" ·ca thl bj I {Ji all hai niim. Lay thiep hay ngrr6'i linn thu~ lam VQ" cii, hay 11iy tj· litm 'N'le, thi· lJj t(\i dll m(>t nl\m rtr5·i. Tnt ca. nhii:ng ngtrlri ·tren. phlti holm l•.li <ijn vj cib> . ·

So sanh lw)t nhit Du·o·ng viri lu(lt Hung Bu·c Ia nhQ.n thily uhlt liun lu:) t t ricu I.e di.l !hint uhi).n _cho ngtriri .ch<lng mo).f qui

. cite r{Jng r1ii ho·n. Kluiug nliu·ng hinh plu,t! tu-o-ug doi )th~ hem, ,_,en chuhgkhung· tOn ty tn).t tc,r the thiep cou c~n ngtr<'>'i v9· dcl'ng thu·.a, quan mai xet xi'r. :: . . . . . ' ... ~ -~· .: .. ·, . . ,_,. .' . . ..

.-/'<;:···n:-~~na~ Gia l.cii;>J. · ·• .. . 'I • • • • • ' ,, ,•

·-··-_·=:. :. · . Trong lm)l Gia r,ong, d\eu 06 nhun d~ : .<(rte ti.Iiep that tc,r» · ' .. ·- : (liun tnU tr(et tc,r vq· ci\, vq Je) du Mc·l;et' C!l 'hai · tru:_I>:IJg hrtp . . _.- 'ii·en : tc.Eiem V9' ca 111m tlianh Vf! le, se P_Mi'ph(l!' 100 iru-c:>:ng •..

Khi vrrcti ~t~nsOng, lfiy v9·l~ l3.tn.Vrr c;ii,_phiii·ph~t go·:.ttru~Q·ng vi(phiii si'rn dlii loi, flu cci VQ' c.~ mil lay VQ" c~ .nu·a cling · pluli

... ph1_1! 90 trtrq-ng, vii_ phai ly di_ v9· sam>:

:·-_,·. ·_ .. Clni thJcit diet! nity, ·uhit him ht~t trilht Nguyen. du giai· I .• ~.hlch rir s~r phiin biN gii:i-a ngtriri vq ca. (the) va ngu·iti VI)' -le I

:. (thiep) nhci-. sa_u : «NgtriYi vet cit ngang· lul.ng.v&i chll_ng. Trhi ·· · 1\ii ngtr6'i vq·le chi'du·9·c ti1ip_ph(\n·trong gia dinh. chllng.:Bem

·· · . -.'Y'l cii ;<uiJng hiti:ig· ver Je hay ngtrQ"C I~_~i, lire ·J.\ lam liln· quy va .. · .. ·:;__ti¢~1~: Khi. <Iii c6 VQ' cil l:_ti lay them VfJ' ca ldu\c, ngtrlri diui ong

:_.'l!ii pl1ili h<)-P hai.doi lin;, trlli h_li dQo nghia, ·.vi· v:).y ph:H_ph(lt , ·• . -.90 ·lr.ti'Q'ng ·.vit gia tlru sau phiii ly djJJ. · . ' . .. . ... ~ . . ·~:". . .:{''

T,·ong ~'." qui djnl, c1tn. b(l ht;,\l Gin Long, ln thny nlu\ l:Jm lu:lt' trie\1 Ngny~n dfi chJu "ilnh ~urO·ug rO r~t.clb.l~H)~_Tntng Bon ; viv,~y, hinh pll(lt nlfng ho:n vit cling kh6ng c6 <'lieu. kic;n hUt hu(>c chinh ngu·Cri v9; phtli thi·ng tlnra ngu·(ri. chOrig dfi I~hc)ng ton trqng tr(\t tl)' the thiep.

D

' .

. I.- ,fli.drt-ng -10.~- ·chU hfln trong giii t.hU,. t!teo Sf! qui dfhli;-ci!d ·. i;~{it ." . '... ij_Ori$ ;ezrC,.t• .··= .::·.. .. · ... ::. ;-.: -- ··- ·· . ..;-~·:: .-;:_ -~---~ ..

'1.. ._ •. ,.

2.- Theo lu¢t Giil Loni;, ai l&m cldz hfm va tr6.ch nhifm-. aia chU··._ hOTl-~U:(rC gut dfnlt nllil' tl~e nU.o ? · · · ··

.3·- Sl)' iz>ng .thu{in -cUa ngzrlri 'ClrU hOn .- ch_uqn · t~_ao·~? _ . ·

illl'!YC · ·quyi!t d!nh thea. ticu: . :

•. ·• 'I:. ·- • • . . . .: . .' . ' . • • • • - ~ :

.1 4·~, Gia tlzil phiJogi,, irong l11¢t Iiong ilz!·c, !4 gici 'thU n1z~r .tM nao. ? ..

. ~ • ..:.. Gia thU giir~ thtin. t[zupc bi cifm d~tin nlur the naq 'trdng lti~i· ·. Gia Long ? ···

. . ., . -6.~. S~ cifm doan )!ia· thU trong thid. ky err tang dcrp·c: ·qui: ilin~ .

.. : · · .. nh~r thif.nlzo tronJt,lu¢t II~ni il!!'c .2 .. ':7.·~ rrong ~,cilm ,11oM gicl. thU vl Cll' . ta~g, lu¢t 'Gi~· Long )tit.'

. ·p.'hiln birf·.ilgi, tang va:cac, tang /chcic ~hzr thii nao ? .. · . ,:

$;7 _ ,g;a· th_& bi ~am· iocm nhrr thC nilo lro~g lu(Lt _nha Le v.U nll& · · ·

NguyJn t!'ong !chi iJng M efta .m(! hi cam· tu ? .. -..

9·-'- ·s, qui ilinh cda'it;(it nh~ Le Jilztic !'u~t · nhlz .il~il'lig·~hiz. tlit ': · . n/io v2 s!i tiJn trpng tr¢t t1r thith.iiip? .. "·· · ;:, :. ·

'l:o.~ .Vizn de tlu1 thii!p ·trgt W · dzr(J'c . qui dfnh .· ·.lu~t.Gia.Long? · ' .. '

·.' ·. nhzr· tlzii nllo trong · . . . . ' . .

.-,_ .. · .. •

. ;·---. ': . .,_. .. -..

. ... -::

. • _: '5:

--~-- ~:: :_: ... ~ ~ .. ;\~r- -- -= ,_·:: ·<.:::L:Ii~:~~L~i.:~~;:~~±~~~~lf/

·'· ....

. -·;. ·, · .. ·: ·_,

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r.- V ai triJ clul hUn trong gia thU. (Ch!! J~: tfe tl!i niiy gom cac · . cfiu hili t.ir r difn 3).

( CHI] ? : Eie tiii nizy gom b" iloan : · . . af Cifm dot!.n git!. tlzu trong thtin tlz!~h . .

. bf Cifnz· doan gia tM vi cir tang

~1 Cifm tloan gitl thu. vl. 6ng M cha .. m~ bf ~iim t.ii) •

. .

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I. M_,_r_:r_mr_·_B-~1_·_:_. B_· rf:u KIJ!;N NQI nuwo no QUvEN I - ' LQ"I CUA Hi'<! VQ" CHONG :

PH.iN,2'IET THUHAI

cAc f>IEU K!~N GIA THU DO QUYEN L.9! . ~

CUA HAl V9 CHONG

Vi gi:\ th1t l:i m<)t <l[nh eM nhil.m ITI\tc dlch n1li rili va lliu truyen st,r ph\mg Sl! til tiiln, nen e:\e- dieu lci~n lien M · di!n. sv hiio v~ quyen lQ·i c•\ nhi\n cim hai V'f ehlJng dii. hi Ji¢1 vao hling thL\· y!ln, tri\i M.n ,,6-i tinh thl:l:n dan.-lu~t ngay i1ay. ·

. · Vll phu·o·ng di¢n nay, sv qui tlfuh h·ong Cll-iu,)t lien hi; d!in Mn van dll: .

· - ~V tr.ng thni),n' eim hai VQ' ehllng. - Tulli ci121 hni VQ' chtng. . - . - BiCn Iden ve hiln thi! vA gin cilnh cim hni V9' chC3ng. - Cue s~r l(lp ·e1lm. ·

DO~N TllU NHAT . ' '

SlJ lJI'iG THU~N 'ci:JA HAl VQ CHONG ...

Sl)" trng thnQ,t~ eim hai VQ' ehllng kMng dcr9·e nhiL '!am lui).t . . qui djnh minh 'tltj h·ong CficJui).t·; dung 1\Jm. l\Le ngfr cha ll~~ di:j,t

dan con nglli day. 'fny nhien, . ciing c6 m(\t s6 tnrling hQ'P dijc bi~t, ma sg trng thni),11 cua 'hai ben , )lain nlr cling' dt~'!C chU ·

· trQng den. · · · . • . .t . . ; . . . ,.. . J . .

·. !.- Nguyen tac cha me dot duu con ngoi day, · ...... · · ·· ·

--

: .. ... :l

I . , • • , ' , ' . - , . ·.·' .•' ; . ' . , ..

C~U; vi hOnnhiln 'd~Q'e.coi Ia lie,; ~::in,~~n d~Lgjn i!i~¥.'>_.:-~.::::~:;

:,,:;;~~-: · ;· .. ,,~;~;;,, . :, . . . . .. :: xi,:L::,: ;: ,:;::,:;. i: , :-:: t)·~~;f:,,~~~tlf2~;;{.iti~Li;£~h~~~;

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nhieu hon Ia vit;c trarn n5.m ciia hai vc; ch~ng, neu van d8 1mg thu:J.,n ciia hai ben nam nil-l<c5t hon !thong du·9·c de ci).p d~u trong m{>t dieu n;'to h·ong !m).t Hllng-Btrc. Ca trong hai quy~n· HllngBirc Thi.;n chinh Unr va .Thi~u-Nam du hq. l(tp, cftng !thong co m{)t tili u.;u nao li<'n M den van de nay.

' Trong hij.t Gia-Long, nha hhn lu(lt cling khilng lr!J'c Hep qui

djnh ve di~m n6i h·en, song c6 m{>t vai diliu khoiw khac to ' 1·£tng· S'IF rrng thu~~ clta hai bc?.n nan1 nfr, m~c Q.au -kh6ng ph3i lit

v:ln dC chinh yCu, cii.ng vlh1 du·q·c coi h't nu)t dil:ht ld¢:n xnijc nhien cila gih tht'l. N6i khltc, khi ngu·Cri chi1 hOn rll! trng tl11u).n viCe h6n nhi'tn thl hni VQ' chC~ng srtp cu·6·i ding !rt~c nhiCn rrng thu:).n kho11g phan doi, dung v6'i quan ui~m : «Cha m(' <1i).t dilu coti -i:igoi da:Y".: '

.,

Hai beri nam nii· khOng bno gill' 1ih1li miuh thj phftt lll~u s~ ll'ng thu:).n trong gia thu.

K~~ nithi"en ct'ru ve S\f u·ng · thu~n ·cuD. ella mv va va,i tro ciia nguiri chii Mn, _ta dfi ro lit vi phiii tulln l~nh ngm'ti tOn truo·ng n~n hai ben nam nu· tllU'img khOng hj l~i trong t~trirng h<;>·p gia thidr.ii veri ph>\p lu(lt, chi l'ieng c6 ngu:oi chii Mn hi. t(>i mit tMi ·(dieu 109 lu:j:t Gia-Long). :Bi~m d!Jc bW dang qlni y han nfra Iii theo dieu 109 Gia-Long nay, neu ngui(i con trai.'chtra t6i 20 tu~i va ng\riri con gid c6n o· nhit;. thl d,1iu· h<;> khong vi bi c_ucrng bach . mit . tui\n l~nh ngu'b'i chii . ,bOn lam giii thu trili lu(lt, .hQ cling kh6ng b! t(li. Ve. van de nay, giiii ph:l.p cim dilltt 109 <;aa~I.,ong · kMc 'h!in dlln-lui).t Vi~t ·Nam hi¢n !Qf Mt ngtilln .(y · dl'in-lni).L Tfty pllU'ong va dllng thiri neu rii · uy. quyen r1ifl6·n. ciia cac bi).c ton lmcrng trong xa h(li di o· Bong

. phuc.rng. 'Trong d~n-lu:).t hi¢n d(li, long tiy klnh; ughia Ia SIJ' sry ·. ·; .hfii 'do long ton kinh cha Ill~, khilng dtf!)'C COi la m{>t S\r cu·o·ng ·. · biiclr· (conti·airite) .vii khc)ng th~ coi lir. m(lt SIJ' lui-ti .litm mat

. . . hi~u Itfc "cl1a SIJ' trng'thni).n. TdJi [(li, 1/zeo d"ieu 10·9.lwjt Gia-Lony · · · · · n1iu ·vi uy klnh ma tzzan Ienh clza m~ l.dm han· nhdn trtti luat

' • • • • • • - 0 '

thl ngu_9·i· con kh6f!'g phCri t9i, chf nguM cltii hun bi t<ji. N6i · . . · kli~c,.'di1lu 109 nity giim tH'ip da coi s\r ling thn:).n cua· nguiri ' .-:' ' cori nhii kh6ng c6; hay n6i cho dting hail, da 'bi ;hil-tl vi: do do ~:·• '• . . . . . ~ . . . . _:. ·.

' ' · ... " .. 35·.

,_

,,

·.·;

vo hi~u. vi w~y. ·J;UA ng'trel'i r.on khong co tr:ich nhi~m tn•·&c phap lui}.t.

_·11.- Bi~t I • ...,:;· "'! \rng thu~n ~u.a Vf1 doGng.

C6 hai trm'rng hc,l'p d~c hi~t mil· SJ! trng tlm;,\n d1a wr chllng dtrQ'C nha liun lu(lt chit y Url.

.'A·-:- TrU"ii-ng hvp gin thli do -mim nfr quy6t'iljnh vl chi ciln >

h3 con xao ' · .. ··· ·

Bil!u lOa G.L. n:ly, tn) liOn m<)t !nrlmg hq-p <l~e hi~l b·ong d6 ngu·lri con t1fi. l·hit rnQt vni trtl tlt~h cq·c, tO rO S\t'. ung thn~tn ci\a miuh. Khi ngu·o·i chi\ hlln khci11g Ill ho).c ton trui'rngnlm cha · nw, · Ong hh, c1n\ btl~, · anh ch!, hay Ong hf.t ngo(l.i, n_Cn gir! !lui do cllinh hrti ben nam nri· qny'f.t ilinlz, nlii·ng.ngirlri nity se bi coi lit _chJnh plu)m va ng1r'o·i ch~1 hon chi; lit :tlmg plu;tm,. · t¢i dtrc;>·c giam m(>t h~c. . · ·. • . . .

: s·, tlt\rc, de khoau p6i !rcn . cttn dieu lOD. (}L I<M.ng phi'ti ·chi c6 rieng tL·ong ltu}t nhlt-'.l'h:mh vit do nhit.lltm':Jn-.)t trillu Nguyi\n' <lil. chep l:)i: T1·ong h<? lu(tt nhii Btrimg; :Cl.\c dit\u kho;tn. aj ciing dil' qui d!nh trong C)ll!'O'Ug HiH-Iiin : «Clnr gilt thit vi lu(ll, tli ph~1 1ni\u, phu mfiu cliiL hun gift, u(ic t<;>a chi1. hilu, nlmq-c co· than tiln Lrmi·itg chi\ hiln gi:i, chi1 hiin vi thu;· nam nii· . vi

.' tong, ·Du' tiJiln chi1 bon· gia, S'! do chii hiln, chi'!. li<)U Vi thi\; nmn nfr Vi tOng, st~ do .uan1 nir, na1n nii· vi thi~, ·chii h6n vi ~Ollg. Ky nam nfr b! M·c nlmgc•, 11nin nicn tlu)p Mt _d1 h(l,-· c~p t:;ti th1lt . chi nii·, di~c cllil !llln qo;)c tqn.» (') Nghi:i h\ : V!! gia tM: trai lw}t, neu Ong ba; cha Jll~ 1/no chit hon Ii8ng-.. ngu·Oi· chii lion bj li)i, nilu nh[i·ng b(tc t'Un tmihig phiH <!1! bing 'mi)t 'nlim 1An1. eM Mn, thi ng~roi cl~i, hOu ia ~hitnh ph:~m, ·na:m mx·Ja tong ph:pri._.

'•. · .. :· ·.

fxJ 1~ * ~ ;t ¢., ;jJL <-Ir 51.. -riJ: 5:_.1\l-,' ·, ~ ·jt. A: .JI} , · ~. J\. -$t $ 11\: .i. _JI} ·:41' . ·, .i. -!\}.·;&;, tJ. ; .ll} •.k- ·;&;, {Jt 'o J\1:' :$.t .i. ·l\} c} '. 1ji tb .i. ~\} . '. _t_: 41}. l~ iJ· · ' Ji! · *.· ;; ~ ' . -f'

. tb !!} *. ,· JJJ. * :$., iS: ;··.-t Jl} :$.,' Iii'.~ ·JI.. liJ .,k,.q,~:, ~ ~ _;' .. ' . !!} +. + : .. ,. y-( .·'f, i .11 :t ;1;.., * ~--: <>): .i., ~- $j ;~t "0 ·. ~- • ; • • .. ;

·;,~L: :.;:-.~~;:).'L.,j;~, " ::~itd~·~i;~:t.·:.: :; _:; .. '{~_.; ~:t~lti.~~t~iii~~'f-~{-.i::;t~i,~t~J

. Khi cac ngmo·i than lhn<)c kMc litH~ chltlion, neu vice do ngtroi chii hun <ljoh, ngm'l·i chu llo11 Ia cha11h ph:.tm, nam nfr !along phl}m. Neu vi¢c do hai ben nmn nii· <!.inh, lhi narn nit l:i chimh ph:).m, chu hou l:i tong phQ.m. Neu qam nfr hi cu('i'ng bti·c nhrr khi con lrai con du·6·i 1& tnoi, con g:\i con o· nha thi ciing c]>i rieug ng~tCti chU bOn h! t,)ln.

· Quyi!.n Btrtmg.-lu~t S6·-Nghj, Mn. ve trm7ng h<:rp r;y kinh l:rong hr,. lu~t nh:i Brrirng nlnr g~u : ·.<Khi lu(lt noi nam nfr b! bth> Ia h·u·o·ng hq-p' ilgm')'i chu h6nliiy uy quyen hay uy.ll):c l<hien nam· uii: 'mi!t ltr do lt/lri. i\:!i}c dilu Jw lit tnro·ng nam (con t.t·ai ili'i lCm) v~. qu:I ni.f (ngtrci·i con g<ii g<i11 b\ta) cling cl.en kMug hi . .bat tqi. Nel! lit con trai du:iri Hl luoi cimg. con g:ii c<iu ir !'hi!,

· thlnguiri chlt Mn·hi l<)i, na:m nii·. khong bi l<)i». (1). Hilln nhien nha lu;).l c1i <)' Bong pluwng cHi. coi tnrimg hqp tty kinh nlm m<}t sl).' ctro·i,g botch, h\m miit hct.lty do djnh <lo\tt ctta hai ben nam ·nit·.

R--· Trtril'ing '"'\' xa nhio •.

Tnmg.ln~t Gin-Long <lieu 9-1, do(ln cnoi con neu .in(lt trn·img I19;P gia thu do ngU"o·i con ki'itl~p·dmyceoi lil. co gi:i trj, ·m(ic dau khot1g c<i sv ll'ng thu(m cun cha m.~ hay toil thu(ic. Niin m9t

'· ngu:o-i ty fi,, lei q"an chirc hny b"on brut lim< lin xa nlui, ail tg: r. (J ld<,n gia 1/ui,' i!li\ .trong lc.hi iiy o· nha png hoi cha 11]~' chti b:ic,

.. co .ru<)t, ai1h .chi kh.6ng hay biet h.li lam hon n~~\n ithac. h·ong· · khi cngu'<i'i ay'v.ilng mi_it,,lbi hOn nh:l.nni\0 ,11\m lru·(rc s(j c6 gia trj; ;Nhll' "(ly, tropg'.h'u'irng hQ'P hon nht\n· do ngm'ri ty au lam tm6·c, stj trrig thii(ll\. 'ciia· :!1grriri nay dti'<)'C nh:\ 1,\m }u{\t cong. nh~n d~c· bii;t co gia tri hO'n ·s\t ch9n lt)'a cii.a ugtriri tfm !rmi-ng da Jain

. san khi ay. . Bi8u nay, <:iing da chnt·c dl! .JU;u lrong lu~t nhr'.t ·Btr6'n·g :

«Clm ty au. t(l.i ngo,,i, ton lnr&ng h(ltt vi djnh bon, nhtr ly au llJ' ·,. tlni the dT thilnh gia, h61i rilm phUp, vi fuanh giu, .tong ton trtto·n,g,

· .. ·{I)'· if)\. :Jf;. i?l.' • : J} .,/i;- '*( J! . i~ ',i_ ~~' ~; _.t;. ,ll' 7J > JJ * J!.. · · .. ·:r· ' · ·~ J1 m · ?., .. ~ ,v,_ ~t w Jt ·ZJ: * , -:J'j. ~ 11- ~~ r. , ,t· y;

~+~~~·14~~~~~*~±···~··0 ..... :~~ .

,. '··.

·. ··. ·:.-: ·:. ' . - '

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vi.gi:l. lrtrQ"ng nh1it bach,,{') Nghia la: Phitm ly au o· ngoi\i (xa nhU); ton tmo·ng sau do djnh hon, ui!u ngtrbi ty au I'! minh · CU'Oi VQ', vi~c ctrM xin da·xong, thi du·9·c coi lit h<;>-p phap, neu. vl~c clma xong thi ph&i theo ngtrlri ton tmo·ng. Trili phep, phili ph(lt 100 tmqng».

Trang quylln Btrimg-lu:l.t S6'-Nghj bil.n ve dieu. nay, c6 djnh nghia hni chfr ton htrcmg : «Ton trm3-ng, vj t1l ph11 mii:u, phtt · mihi c:).p ha thtl.c ph\t iniiu, c6, huynh, ty» .. Ton . trm!ng la ong. bil, cham~. Me, cliu, ·co, anh chi .ru(>t (').

Trong ln(tl trieu Le, khOng qui djnh h:trimg h<;>·p nay nlnr · lu<).t nhit Brrb'ng, dil!m nay ciing. dt1 to rling nha lam lw).t thb'i d6 da can nMc .kY.lrro·ng mlii <lieu khoiiri n~u theo hay nen bo

. trong nen pMp-cM ci:ta nha Btro'ng. . . . . . . - . . .

· :N"6i t6m ll,ll," trong CB-ht(\t,. S\r trng thu~n .ci1a hai vq chllng coi Ia m(>t djeu ki~n ·thiet yen cho Mn nhan ve phtrang di~n nay, chtl.ng ta nh.)n thily, m¢t sv dj bi¢t gllht.lnat Hong Bil'c, kh6ng c6m¢t dilotr khoJi.n nao n6i t&i m¢t ca.ch tr~c·tiep hay·. giim tiep van dil yi( chong phili IXng timan gia thtl.. Trail(li, lui).t Gia~Long, chep theo: lu(l.t Miin Thanh, ·ttfi d(r :q¢u hai. tru"img bn) · ... dijc bi¢t trong d6 hai vq chong c6 thll itF quyet.d·jnh vi~c h6n. · nMn (hoi,ic vl ngtro·i du·ng chit !tOn lit bit con xa, ho~c vl hai • Mn nam nii; lam gia tM xa nhit), .

N6i kMc, quyen ~iJa. cha Ill~ hay cua . Dgtrbi ton-tr~i'r~g:· tro~g sv· quyet ·djnh. ·ghl tM cho·con · chau, cp in(>t slic.th:i.i. tuy~t.doi troug Ju~t nha.Le l!D'D lit h·ong Ju(\t nha Nguy~n.

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·(a) ' The~ HOng :EJJtc Thi~n Chi~h Thu: (doqn 254),. ngliifi chu hOn. liz.,.· . . }· cha ·m~,"ho!Jc anh em nliu· lihOng co i:ha irr~. Nliu ~hOng c6 arih 'e)n_:'. · .. ,: :\ . . ngt~/ri i:h~· 'hon"c6 thHiz m§t ng.i-lri. tOri nhiin khti~ •. N,hti! vliy kh8ng;·.::•t . .:;': ne~ nham'iiin· hai danh.·trr: ton nhdn ·viz to~ tririfng.Ton nhtin'· chi:\=~:; '1!~ co nghid linn{;t ng~rlri trong·hp. . · .:... .. ·~:, ·· , •: i'.'~.·.,·,;::;,

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SIEU-Ki~N TUOI CUA HAl VQ CHONG

Ve SJF qui c1inh tuM ciia h,ti. V<f chong, nhi!. linnlu:).t trillu Le cHi tii ra m()t ky thu:).t phitp ly d()c dao, khOng bat clm&c Trung--Ho~,-trv:ug l~hi nhli..liuu lmj.l tdCu NguyCn, vi b_th chu·o·c qua no !~ br) lu:).t cua Man Thanh neri dii khOn'g .qui dinh ve viin de nay . .. '

. . Trong· b() ln(tt Hong-Eh'rc khoug co dieu nao qui' _dinh ve ·

tuoi cua hoi ben nam nii· rnnoil lfiy _nhmi. Phi\i chang I)ha hl.m lu:).t do'i Le d:c!i;,H(tp,' nhan d'illa «HongI:lirc h6n-gi•\ 1~-nghi» co qui c1jnh ve .1~ 11ghi-h0n (tti·c !a Ji!i clwm m~it) : «COJ! lrai iir 18 ltt'i1i, con gdi tic .16 luoi lrc'r l<ln, miri t:o thll dm;i·c thanh )t6n : ngoiti ra. hai ben trai g(ti va ngt.rO'i clzii lz6n (Ia cha ·m•; hay nguo·i trm'mg t(>c) phi\i khO!lg co tang tir m(>t nam tri'r Jem>. (Nam tir n.ien th;).p hat d'l tlJU'<fng, nfr tir · nie11 thQ.p htc dl thtiqng, than ·c,ip chu-hOn vi- .,.-- ph\t-mii.u ho(ic . t<)c-nhan chi-tnrcmg, -vci co· d'i thuqng tang, nili kh~ lhitnh-hon).

S~r qui dinh vc 'iuM c(m lmi hCn nani.nli· .tren nay·),\ in.:>t dieu rieng bi~t dm lu(lt Vi¢l-Nam, kh6ng c6 troz.Jg lu(lt Tr~ngHoa. ~icm nity. chti·ng tO. rang nha ·lam Iu,\t. tricti. L~. da bi<~t

· thich iro_g cite n/lhi lil d.a l~hong-giao cho hqp . v<'ri ~inh tqmg : x~··hQi v·a qnyeu J.qi ella. di\n t(lc; vira . trc\n_h n~ln tilo-hOn, vlnr

kMug nhiit thiet go M t.h.co 'khuotr- !{It<> cr5-<!jnh ·dta Ie ghit> . Trung-Hoa. ThJFc v,\y, lJ·ong lu:)t 'nita Btro·ng khong co die_u n~o qui dJnh vC t~'iOi ciia hai· bC~1 nmn nii·. Nlnrng :uCu xCt ve' nghi .

. !~ lrong lduh di~n. ci111 Tau,_ thi theo Lil-li)' : «Nhitn nhi tM,p : viet'nhtrqciruan, tam tMp viet !rang hiht that>J· (') :. ngm'ti ta · .20 tu6i con y€ti nhirqc, cUu tuoi iiy, thi !ant 1~. cl¢i mii ; ~1en

_: (r) ·A. -t <1 · ~5 · ~ ' · khdi: w.; . .

~,!: 1f :t (U-ky Chtrung. ' ..

... ~ ~ ..

30 tu1H !hi tning ki~n, c(J. gia-th1it. I\'lm v:jy, tuoi I~p gb d.inl; · e6 thll Ia trong khoang :2.0 tliin 30 hiM. Trong n1i)t do;m kh:ic, S<1ch U-k)' l(li chep.: «Nam tir nhj t!H~p qnim nhi h).·;,('). Con lmi <len hai mwoi tu1li 1:\m 1~ d(>i ri1ii va lily tc:U ehrr.: ·

ve phUn con gai, l1€n tuBi cu·6·i, th1 liw1 ItS citi trAm va .Iffy. h~n c:hif: •<Nil· ttr ·hl"t·a gia kil nhi hp. (') l'!lnmg Mn tuM nita

, thi ltim I~ nity? Sach.U ky giil.i-quyetminh~thj vl'iu de": d<ii· trr tk)p hfrn ngi:i nien nhi k~; nhj th;\p nhi giit :>> (") co'n g'li den 15 tu(·,; hlm I~ cai tram vil 20 tnoi thi gil chOng.. ·

':oag nhit linn ln(lt trieu Le !thong thea thing nhu·ug hJ)ng tur';J trcn c1ta Trnng Hoa. C6 !C m(>t phlln ci\n"clr vito moi quan lluu lo li¢u cho ... c,\c gia dinh · s&m .c6 ngu·o'i ph\1 h·itch vi~c pht.lllg tv trung t6ng mien. m<)t f>hllu mu6n trunhn;m taci-hon, "''" tnoi 18 da du·o·c an-i!inh cho con trai, vii tnbi 'ttl ch6 ·con gili~ trong viQc 11~~ nhAn: N~u so slmh v6·i ~u~i dn'Q'C rill-djnh trong b(> Dim Lli~t Philp lii'18 .tulli cho con 'trai, vil16 tuoi cho eon gai, ta se ·ro lit quan di1l~n co lui;\t Vi¢t Nam rat hQ'P-1.)•. Cung nen nhiin lll!J.nh rling hi¢n nay Sl\c~llll).t 23-7-196<1 qui' djnh v~ gia-th1i, tir-M · .ciin·g chllp-nh~n hai );l(lrig lt1od8. v.Y lG n6i trcn, pluii chUng nhil lilm Jn,U_19GJ da lro· ve v&i ·giui. lJhap ell truyen ve van. de tuoi gilt tlni ? .

., ·. . ' . 11.- Tuoi gici thu t!'ong lu{lt Gic L.ong •.

Vc ·viin d~ htoi> gia lhti, trong · h¢ ln(tt Gfa ·+-ong: !thOng cci £lieu khoan mip giai quyetminh thj: IUeng c6 '<lieu-!¢ tht'r ha.i Ctla. dieu 94 G.L. chi n6i ·qim lit ve «vi¢c hon nhi.\n ci'ta nam. nii: c6 tulii da djnh», nhn-ng .!thOng gh\ 1·6 tui'>i liun gia-tlni la bao

. nhieu .. Trong cite I1>'i chit thich i!ieu 94 G.L. nha !Am JnQ.t trieu Nguy~n ciing !thong i!e ci)p den viiu de naJ<. ·

Vfin trong dieu-1~ ~6i tre~, ~~;~ lil;..lu(lt cari1 t~ic. ~ci1i phllc. . i • I k • • • •

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II II

g.iao liOn>) (1) ngb1a lit tuc Iwi hQ luht hou, klJi C<ic co . .n c6n b·oug thili l;y bilo--thai trong bt_mg m~. Thco dieu I~ m\y,· <fhon-nlui.u elm nhii:ng h:C r.6n h\ bilo thai, chU'a sinh ra db'i, ghto-uO·c v6i nhau b1j.ng <:it<:h cal V')l ,\o dang trm'rc <Hi liun bling chimg, de.ti' h! ctfin». SJ;r th~;rc, d:iy Ia mQt·(W~u (:.hCp l~i.i ;::(w. hu)t nha Thanh. t~lC Day 0· ]J(~ll ta ld]()ng c6, tuy rring ln¢l.d6i khi, giii·a· cllc gia-dinh thim-HJict, ciing giao ket vcri nhau se cho hai tre 11\y n1i.au, neu sau. nity JnQt ben sinh con trai, .va mQt ben Sinh con g,ii, nhm1g chili\ sl)' ,giao Mt mi~ng, khOng chi hlmg m.a··chng !'hOng vilt vqt :io lam Mug.

i- "Tnj· nhit:n, Cliug _rhJi. cOug ul1~tn rilug 'i:rong xU h¢i cO 't~la tn., mai. den l.ho"i ky gan day, vii!, c6 tuc tao hon, ll!C ·ny duqc. phan chiihi ro rang qua lltC ngi.r: <mir lhgp tam, nail! lf!gp.l'!-C>J • . Tu'bi 13 con gai vit tuoi 16 fulii cho coli trai, dti theo dimg l\tC ngfr, cling qua ·sc:rm· dlll:).p gia dluh. :'. · ·

Glai th\d1 (lieu 94lu(it Gia-Long; ltt(tt gia Philastre·dff vii!it m(>t dl.ch sai lli1:n rang' : Theo .Kinh-1~, tuoi .ct.r6-i xin cua con tr.ri Ia 16 tnoi va cou gili lit H tnoi. .S!J' th:).t, vifu ·de tuoi h·ong kiJ?h di~n cii cita Trnng-Hoa plni·c t~ p llan nhieu, nlur chthig .. ta c.6 t.h!l nh(l.n th1iy ro qua !Ihii'ng do'!n van !rich h·qng Li\-!<Y da cl.uo·c· nhac to·i. Dan sao, loi cht\ !hlch cim Phllastre da unh: hucmg cl<in b(> Dan-hi,l! Gi:ln-yeu 1883, vi trong b(l lu(lt uity, " · h,t.n tuOi gi.i tM da um;rc an djnh lit 16 tubi chp. cou.trai til 14 ... tu~i ch? ·ton:·gai. · . . · . ·

BOAN THU BA , · ·. 1 !BI~U KI~N vi: BAN THE VA GIA CANH cbA' HAl vg c~6No ' i

Trong b¢ ln(lt Bong-Bifc van d~ kM.ng dtrqc dil trOJlg mQl cHen k].1oO.n · nAo ciL T:;ti sao c6 slJ:· nliu· vf).y 'I

c:}p . dC'n d~ ' •bi¢t

· . u.-i.J~t !1a .. 9~&U:c khon!s·q~,~; dintu v§ di5u k!~n eia ca~h vci .blin t!tl:!. · · .

T1;oug iu!).t nha Brrcrng, ~i1i q·ui dj~lr ve tnr.erng .. hQ'p.· hi!i .. Mn. (tighT a ·Ia .(Hi hlfa. ga con mil doi Io·r kh6ng ga nil:a, iigay ..

. nay ta,g<)itmo·i:ig:hqp nay.Ii.."b<)i Mn), 'Iilia. h\m luf).f ¢Ii .. etla· T~ung-Hoa c6 dil c;).p di'On. van clil the c:\ch 'cim hai Mi1 nam nfr, «Chi In\.· a gili nfi·, di biw h6n thtr. c!).p hih1 tu: U'o·c, ·_ (u·o·c vj tien tri phu nhan, liio au ~~t· tim, du·o"Dg thrr chi lol)i), .~ nhi. chi1ip h,oi ·giii, trm;mg htcth:).p; - (nam gia fJ! hoi gia liiit ·t9a, . bat truy sinh !iii):» (t) : Philm:da hlfa gil: con . g~i va da "ti-3: 1M. han tlur, cin~g c6 tu· ti:<rc,. ·.:,..:. (tr6·c ngl~ia.!it bi~t . tr~r&c:·,' tl1ati ·. ph{tn ngn·M chong nlm giit: tr~, tim t(\t, con ·nuoi con tlui). bay c'ac <'liilm kh:k cling m(>t lo(li)- mil ·bilng. nhi8n thai khi\ng ga; plilti plll)t 60 trm;mg. (Neu nha trai hJ; hOi hon.. thi gai

.. kh6ng phaiplu,tt, kbong .b! trqy hoan; d.(l. sinh tal). . · . . ~

·: . · Nhu .. vfy, n~u nh~ gai 'kh6ng biC't ~.5 de di~u . tren vli· hiin th~ cimg .~~a c~nh ~~im ~pU"oF con ti'ai,_t~~ tat nhi~? ~iJL ~6ri· klrong phm t¢~. ·.Nm khac, nC'\1 nha trm. gzau · nhil gaz ve ·rum:ng . dieu nii.y;'thl · sty 1rng-thi1~n · cim nhit ·g,\i coi. nh~r· bi hit-tl..: . Tmll'ng lu;>-p :m\y co th~· coi nlm SJ! lam ![n ve ban th~ '(erreur . ·suhstantiell~~ • .'mit hi¢n ·nay; d>ln lu>~t ciia· ·Pbap va dan lui;\t ,Viet-Nam lditJng· chlip nh(ln; nlmng trui J:.d dfi.clu·Q·c ·dau·lui;\t · B.li:c, dan lili;\t th\ly-si: va dati lu(lt Nh<~t-Ban llni·a nh:}n (2}:.· · . . .

, :Ngo~{- i·ri~ h·Ong-1u:).t . 1ih~ ... Du·O·ng, cOn c.6 I~{it diCt~ khO~n · · . qui dinh tmirng hQ'P <iv.o.ng· !fl~O».. Kh6ilg nhi'i-ng h:irni;r ph>.tt.

. ·' . . l • -~ • •• • • '; j • : ·• • .• ~ • ' • .-; . ; ; • :o ' ' .. • •• ; •

·. (x) ~it Jlf ~K ,~t- ; e:. ~Fd\lo it' , Jl. :{ ,fh'.MI · ( f.!j i~' ~.<t~ . ''k!i. :it;th *·ft: .J. ~:.~ :Ei) ;r. ~JI[ ili-.:o!H.t·-r. t :.-, Jj ··.'

· .'' t.· W ;lli- '4t ·::r- :1: ::(- .,;f;_ .-k-} l!t'· o··. :'. ~:. .-' ; .. · .-·:-. (2): vft~vii~~M.a~ Vi?t-Nariz.'Ddn-lu~t/ir[!'c klzdo quye11 I Giatpliih:tr·.63'.;•·~:.

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~{tC s~l·lira d6i, diCn uay cOn hao g{'iJn c3. b·u·(>'ng hqp «Lrd.o hOit». tttang dtro·ng v6i l:nrCrng h9·p 1axu lfin ve ngmJ'i w\y vO·i nguO·i kia trong dan-lul).t.d!a Au-My hi~n t,,; : «Clm vi hon, nhi · ntr gia vOng- 1n~o gh'i, diJ nhlit nien, na1n gia vOug nwo giii, gin nhlH dS.ng, vj thitnh giR y bibi u6'c, di th3nh gill ly chh : «T'nmg vi~c h6n nh:ln, mit nha gai lira nu,1o, ph~t mQt nhn1 tQi dCJ, n€u nha trai lira m.f].o, t(>i tung m<}t h(lc, neu gia thu chu·a tbitoh, . phai theo dung bii.n lr.r ml'c da co tru-6·c, n6u gia tlni uil. thimh, se cho ly d!.» (1)

Tuy uhien, trong lu~t nhil Le, hai trm:tng hQ'p 111m Jiin ve biiu thC vft vf3 ngu·Cti khOng dnvc quy d!uh, m~c d~lu nhA h'.un lu:).t, troog b(llu:).t Hong-l:ltrc, ciing lrcrng phcyt s1r b<)i h611 troog <lillu 3i5 : ,(Chll' gii• nil di th~1 sinh tlli (vi tie1i, kim, ngi\n, cim tiru uilug v:).t), uhi chiep chl gia, 'trm;mg b:it th~P" :.Pham ga con gili da nh:j.n do sllih Je (nlur tien l\la, vimg b:_tc; !<;in, nrd·u cac thirc). mil ll)i thoi kh6ng gil nfra thi ph\ll 80 tnr9·ng. So s:inh (!i(ln nay vm dieu lu;).t uhit Hu-irng qui djuh cung m¢t trn;erug Jirtp.·\:_t thiiy leii hanh van va ca ml)t sei dnnh tir tuang by : "Chll' giit nfr •. .nhi chiep chl giii... tru-Q'ng bill t)l~P"· Cac di~m nay chu·ng to riing nhit lam lu(lt thiY:i Hong-HU:c. da nghien Cll'U ro lu:).t nhi\ . =!'luerng va con d(lt .hinh ph\!t n(ing ho·n nfra : 80 tmQ·ng thay vi 60 lmQ'ng, nlmng da c5 y khOng u6i den cac "'!' ll\·n doi ye <;ac dieu kiOn ban th~. gia eanh hhy S'! viing lll(I,O. Ph,iii cbiing Ia lu;).t Hong"Hirc . da kh6ng chap· nh(ln nhfrng s\>" uhlim Hln

.. nay va ·.co ni<il quan di~m tll'O"ng t'! nhu- C1i-lu(\t cl1a Plu\p, coi rang trong Vi$C han nh:l.n .tha ho lira ,di)i nhll' l\!C~dao CUa hu).t~ ,

... gia Loysel·:. cd~n matiere. de mariage, trompe qui pent?» ·G!Iilllg :' :,. : ta khoug,tiu n.hn· v<ly, vi· trong Kh!ing-giao, chif .. tin rat.·quail .. trqng. N~u vlle nha gai phiii giif Iron tin '!ghia, khong the ·hllf ·· '

· · Mn, miF nha-!lim lui).t Hong-Hti·c uii . tang hinh ph\!t n~ng llO'n ··:· ·: : lu:j.t nhil Hlrimg, thi tit nhieu, cling v! lin nghi(l, n!ziJ. trai.Jd;Bng tM lira, dfii nlui gid t1·ong vi4c cu·o·Liin've ~Mag aieu ki4n gia caiih hay ban tlz'e. So· di nM lam [wJ.t· khOng qui aililz van .. iii

·.·.'· . · .. : ..,..--....,-- ,. '.· ... ' .. . ;· ;;, (I) ,·ib' ,$,;,~I} i1Q ,It- ij;. .t..' 1J. -f,-:; :#; .,.- "r- ' 1i ii ~ 1/ -f,-.o OIJ'p. -':':' · i ·•·, ';: ...... :-1f:·••·'*- JJ<;.+, ·; 1i<-:<f. t~·, .e; .$;; {"·~·.-:;.o''•:' ... · ... :'·':,.::1

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nnu la '!' !<hong j>lu'z hr·p vM t!wlln 'pliong m.Q l(rc czia ta:· .Vi." CaC s~r Vong lll(tO )rong gi:i lhtt rift 'l!iem,nen nbit l!tm]u(d kh6ng chn phni (!ijt ra hinh ph,it.. Ho·n nii-a; lro.ng xil 'h¢1 dl "elm ta, cho den m<)t thiri ky giln day, cite vi<:.c gitt !hit gifi'a hai hq thtrlmg_ iitrqc ket l!).p ngay h·ong thcin x1i, hay h;ong. nliii:ng Jirng

· l:l.n ~:).n, do d6, c!tc t,<ia dinh .ciia dtwng sl): flitrimg_ quen)liet, nhan. Chinh cilng. vi Hi ay, mil. ve m<)f. plnmng dicn khitC mtl. · ' cluing ta sc him' <len khi l1ghien ·ctiu ve hinh ~hire ·ci\a gi:l: thu · khong 'clln phiii .Jinn; tii· 11'6·c hay bOn tlru: ell! ghi rii nhii·ng ilieti. ki~n Jnin lh~ va gin ciinh nlni trong ln(tl Trung-Hoa. .

.. . 11.- Sy-' qui djr.th iro:mg iu{lt Gia~i.,.n'lg v~ blll~m 'th§·.va

. gia tlmh. . · · · · · . . .

. . D(> -~~u).t Gia:~<iug, trong uii>n n 1;. uii· t11~o <hlng- tigi,·y~ri-\ian · · .ln.;tt lihtl.':fhanh; .. qui dinh ·gan giorfg lm}t · nhit :l:ltrimg : <iPhtl.nL · ·troilg vi~c hair rihan, hai h<:n riam nii· tllll t:j.!, trmhg lin,' con nu6i,' con thti·, cue <li1lm n•iy, l1ai hq phni hiet'rii ritng d~ qi1yet djnh rn<,lt each tri tinh. N1iu hai btln th<ia thu:).n se l*p m¢t tcr · han thir hay mc)t ttr wire, neu niH\ giti <lfi nh(\n gil con vtl. l(tp -: Mn thrr hay dfi' c6 tu· ti6·c,-nul. Mng nhien il~i. y, thlphiH-ph(l~ ·

. _50 roi. Tny kh<ing c6 han tlnr hay lll' u·6·c, nlntng nen dii riMn· diS sinii l~ (mit lhay d6iy) thl Ciing <1ling l(>i.>J · · · ·.·

. . . . . Bi;,u 9•1 G.L.' nity citpg qui <1inh rii llO'n ve tru·o·ng ltqp·_viit;g

m~o ci't;i _In~! nhit Bu·_img : <(Ncu t1ha· glii m:;to lira .(viing m;,u:i)· · M phi\i.ph:;tl'SO .tni:qng. Vong ni;w lit khi ngn·o·i con. g>ii c6,. lim.

't;,U,cnl\it.gUi-hi\~ chj ·hay :eni ra. d~ )'Clll lll~l-thay, roi · khi CD'6i l'.li·:gii nglrlri co tltn l*t, do ·sl_nh I~ se phiii lruy hoim. Nen nhtl. frni vong .m:_lo; ·si( phai ph;,tt)arig nit)t. bi)C. 'Vol'ig m'(IO ':diJi. v6i nhtl. trai'Jit l:i.p :hiln tim cho con chi!J!i.mit· Jiun gi>t tlni cho cpn .

. nu6i;_ho~c giii. c01ftrai c6 litn. t~t, hi\9 .rign·p'i nnh liay. 11gtriri. -,;;n:_ niaythe ra .xim1 mi,(t, 1:oi litm gia ilitl cho ngu·o·i ·t~i1 t(tt, cue Acl ~inh)6inhit:gaikh0ng phUi.hoan·l(li.ll ... ··' : . ·:· ·. ·: · ..

·· +;·6~g it~:).{nJ~~ ~~·img; cui::g ril~u· lu<i,t nhit Tha;h .vii. I~:).t . , Gia~Long,- niin ghi tln\ elm a thimh,. se .theo .:f. nhtr hO.n thll' ha:'( tu· ·11'<\'c cii, nilu gi:'t ton dli.tMnh tiSi se bat ly d! .. · · ···-' .· . .·. ' . . ·:

M(lt diem cl'tn ciir9·? uh~um(lnh, lit c~c •hit ti Cll<t s~ ti'lig· ; ... ' .·.

•4,4: . ··:·_~=-::- .: .-... !_:.:; ·:>-:··· -... \ '

., . ·. ~ .. ..

.. ' ' . ~- ,. '

II II

thm).n trong tm·•i'lliJ ilQ'P l!OO!J m,w Jzieu ·llzcq ll:Jhi'a rojng, nghia M bao gllm eft hai lru:tmg bpp lr{w hon va lam ilia brill lhf, chi lien h~ U7.~n s{r ll'll.tJ ilw{(ll cila cha me hay· n6i c:J~o riJ. ... lw·n eli a ngtrcH clul. !JOn. V1 v(l_y, trorlg lu(lt ciing chi n6i cif!n · sl.r VOn-g 111\\0 ciHl. nhla trui IH:y ei';.~ IJ!iff {~Ui, chir idton·g n6i uen thUi di) cim cp.~nh llai du·o·n~~ str !ii.lp lily nhau. I-Iinh ph~t trong 1u:).t cfing chl duvc tru li\' u c.l6i vo·i ut;uO'i ch u h6n .ma thoi. · .

Bi;\c diBm nay <'Ia mang h.ti them m¢! b!ing chu·ng · khac vll qnan· ni¢n1 ci'1fl Cb-lu~t ve giit thU, nlur tD.. (Hi 'philn liClt 0· lren . . Do c16, kl! c:l. n.hfi·ng trufrng h~rp nha Hun lu:)t tt·ong eO .phftp qui {quh v(~ clw <Hi3u Jd(}.n gi{t tln'l c6 sllc thUi. eit nhii.u nltu· cite vfln (te liCJ1 h~ deu b~ln tha va gin cimh ~i'~~ hai vq ~h(Jug! nl18. )>im lu~t cling kh(ing <[Ueu diJ! S\1' qui'djnhm!y !t·ong kl~·non kh1l. dta dl,li gia dirih. ·

B04N THU TU .,

cAc 91EU·TP..P CAM TRONG GIATHU

·M(ic dllu nlnl.l•hn.lu;H, du:6·i trillu Le hay duM trHJu Nguylin · con dLJ li~'} m(>l s6 dien cam do>m giit tjlit, !ien.lien h~ de!l m¢1 viti tru:<Yng hQ'p ca uhiln, nhrrng tliiH.' tll'o·ng cii'ng ciln phai rieu· ·

· ro ;·&ng cite s,_r dfni tloitn nity bat uguon o· c•ic: ,;,i:u quan bl.tu' vl! pluriYng di~n. dt,to dire hay "hlnh trj' ho·u lit hap v~ cif irh!l.n:, '. ·

· 'Thi du :

a) Khong th1: lily cou g•\i n~·i. i~inh .lam ql!nn dl!'t~~nh ·s~ . · l:,rm chmg qtzj•en tM cu:ii'ng bach gi:l: th1i (d.' 31(i l'!B, ·d. 183 Gl:..),' <lieu 3:l•L Hfl:con (l~c hi~t cum cl~e quan ty lit in vi~c & noi bien h:un du·qc kCt liC)n cling nhfrng. ngm'>i tii tpro•ng tM. <!An, trai lu~'t phtli t(\i tll> v•\ ly dj .. Sl! cilm doan m'ty nhiiln .I~\lC .. dlch · ·

·: . · ·triu;th.nhil'ng ·sl).· plui n lo(ln do cac quan lam vi~c & hiim · 'th(ly · ··kilt thAn v6'i c.ltc _liz tn~o·ng hay quau fang d.ll f!,il.Y llY the t~i din . ;'plnro-ng hq cru tri ..

. b) Qua~. l(li va. ca9 ~on chau i<I•o11g dirqc :li'iy dim. ·h~· :co.u'. ,. .gai.Mt·. xtr&nif(d. :l231IB).· .··· . .. · · · .· ·.: .. · ·~'.':.'•',·'·

·: .. , ; . : :. ·. c) .Hqc hio:,khollg dir<;>·c lay. vq:.g6~ cii~ t~liY: ((i. ~.~~~.~Bi~::':\.,

·,;;~~Lt';);::;_-.. · ......• "·' . , ~~;:.·;x .. : :<·)<;::.: ./:<i/:,.:}\:\:~::;,··:: ,..;:;~I,;;f;{;·I~~~;j

d) Khling am;rc lay. dil.~ bit ph:;mt-t(li; ·tron · tnl.nli .san kpi . vi¢c da. phat gh\c (~. 388 Hl:l, 104 GL),

c) Cac SII', nam va dq.o si kh6ng dU'Q'C lay V9' '(d. 1!:i6 GL) (nllu kMrig phai ph~.tt 88 tni·c;mg va hoim htc). . . f) Cac ngtrb'i ltro·ng gia va cue -ngu·M h\l ti~n (nhrr cilc no t:f. khi\ng th1J lay rijlau (d. 107 GL). '(<) · · · ·

pj,;ii;l chlll;t m(>t t6 chirc xa h\>i chim hi\u trong di vling, nhfrng dieu c1im do!in 'nay chl ~6 thto qnan ·ni~m. dm;i·c tr<ing Mi c:i.nh lfch si'r dm clj:n~cM. . · · · ·. .. · . ·

0

·:-. :·

·I,- Theo C~ lu~t; 'trong gia thU, hai ben nam nii'·.co ciln minh thi · pluit b(cu S!f U:ni thu~n lchilng ? · z;~"7rong trtrir~g hlfJl hai ben nam nii' chl elm M con ;ca,, he· co ·tM

quyet il!nh gici tlul khiJng ? . . ' 3·- Trongtrtrlmg hlfP hai ben nam nii' ldmd~·xanhil, 'hp ·co tM. . quyet llfnh gia thU kh!ing ? · . . · · · . ·

.. 1,. 4;~ Lu(jt ·nha .n qui ilfnh tu~i. gici ihfl .. co giong lu~t)?.ala'.T.rimg · · ... - Boa kl!Bng ? . ·· . . s.- Luq.t ·Gta Long q~i llfnh tu7Ji giti thu. nh~r: the -nao r .. ·

· · 6.- S!" qui lifnh' ·ccii: ··d:ieu' ki~n vi! Mn· th~· hai Vlf. chiing_ trong lu~t ' ·1lha u: ' .. ' ' ' 7.- T§i v5ng-mgo lien h~ ilen vlfn ile gl trong_.g;a thu, :th~)-'!Pt · · .. Gia Lti11g ·r . ·8 • ...:... Cac· dieu i~i> cifm iro~'g c!ci thrl. ·

', il A •· , ••. ,j

: .-.:··. '.: ... . : II;- YB :l\1 UJJ?.N': .. • .

. · . :<-_:_·Szr. ri-~g· thu~ czia hai. Vlf ch~ng trong:gici .. thU .th~o: s~; 'i;ii~il!~h · : ,. · · ·da iu{lt. nh!J. L€ va: ~ha jvguylri • .... · · . · .'' ' . · : .. :. ·. · .

· .>2~- ·Cac dtezi. ki~ri v~ tu~i ·va b4n · th~-- cUa 'hat· Vf!:cllOTig-·tr.ong . · Cb lu~t. .-. · ·· ·· .· .. ··

·-(1) ·nanli .ttr h~~tiijn ·Chi nliilng ng~~i cO. ~U ~Ac~ ti~ti~o -t~~~:;&crix-= 9·b:~ . : cic n'o .t;)' (nguQoi h~u :h~ tronU .nha). ::·: .;.'-,: L ~---· . '' .. . . . . . . ··,:

. •· . . . -., .-: ,- , . . ': · ... ·.. -.-_ -~-

•

,.

II II

I Bil.I Tmf TV'": HINH THO'C VA BANG CHVNG GIAT.HO

TIET THU HAJ

HlNH n!lrC GiA THU

Theo qrmn ni~·m trong co phap, · m(ic rl~u giit·tln\ ·chi dm;,.c· coi nhu· ·tbimh ll!'u; m(lt khi cac nghi ~~ hiln nhan (l£( ctn·qc. cil: . . hi\nh chu tat, song lu:).t .H(lng..:Bu·c ciing nhir lu:).t Giit-Lowi ·dii chll ·Jrqng dijc bii)t" den Sl!' hira gh\ thit. Nhit li111~ hti;tt dii. tlnl·a nMn cho S'!' dinh ·Mn m(>t hii)ull!'c cti·o·ng luinh, d~t tr~n din ·Mn sl!' thiinh tin gili'a hai hq. '

Ngolti · ra, dl! cho gh\ tln\ khoi qua t1ln k(:m, nhit liuh.lu~t · . con quan. tam 1in <ljnh en s6 Ui vi).t nhieu it tity thco ctja· vj xii

hQ.i cit nhil.n ciia cac c1u'o-ng sl!'.

. Do <16·; trong ti1it nay se biln diin ba van de : .' . . ' . . ,. ·.

l.-. Sl)' htht gi:\ thU hay_ dlnh bOn ..

. . 2.- {:lie nghi. Iii gia thU ..

3.- Cac ll! v~t trong gi<t thU

fJO.t).N THU NHAT '\.

Si! HtJA GIA-THU HAY SiNH~_H6N

: Cll-p~ap'. cling ton trQng cl~fr tin .~JjU: qna;_,li~in !;:hang~ .: ·. · giao. ; le:t.t;r·nhJen? sl)' hu·a· gUt-tl~u c6 git\-trj trm'rc. phaJj)ui).f: : . VI\ s'> Mi·Mn ha:y: b¢H1u·a :gia.-thU, Ia m(>t hiuih viph:;tm-phi\p;. ·': ·!; Tuy nhie~, mt~on._ c6 ·gia-trj cti·o·n!{~l!il.ph;. sit ~ti·a·guHfiu:h:11y,: · :!

. \llnh~hO!J ccling. phii,i thba miin mo)t ·, si) <lieii~kj~n v~ llii;ili~tlifrc· :-~: )

~~~tA, ' 'eit~< '"···· .. :. ,,.[,";" .• ,:~.~~~~j}j

1.- Hlnh-th:\rc su· dKrnh-hBn. . . . '

· Ve phn·o·rig di¢n ltlnh tln\·c, sv q11i cl!nh. cttn Lu'(\t·H'IingBirc !rqng ve nghi thit·c, n~n chi. coi c6 ·(Huh hUn sau klli <15. n~p dit.ilCl.sinh I~ cho nhlt g:\i. Trili l:.ti, lu(lt. Gia~Long da chCp. th~o lui).! Man-Thanh v:l. dty li¢u nhii·ng hlnh tl!ti·c mit . th6ng thtrlmg dil.n cln'mg !chOng ap dttng. • . . '

' .. ·•

A.- Hlnh th{rc s~r .dlnh hon trong lu~t HlingC!I)frc.

Ln4t Hll~g~Ehi·c· trong di'Cu .. ~i5, ui thira. uh(tn gia Irj ~ita sv lni·a htin, m<)l I< hi s~r· ltrra hon n:\y t1ii. .iim;,.c lh'!<; hi~nm<)t . each trqng ·thl> du·6'i hinh thnc liS n~JHlhtmg, nghla hi in¢! khi..nhlt g:ii da nh:jn d'll sfnldll. • : · . · . . . . . . . . . . .

· . : · tron~·· .. cli~u hu).t ke trcn. nhit linn lu(tl H<lng-Bir~.•dfi. to·. ra · . . c6 tin!t fulin .c11)c. J,)_p; kMng can n~ Mt clni'c'tc cnc · dillu. kho&n c~n ln;it rih:l. Dtrc'mg, khi S'! qi!y dinh j'[y Idu)ng phit"1tg·p yM . 1ttc Ie c,im ta.

.. . Ve.· v·an .d~ hirn .gil\ tlni, lu~t nltlt Bu·o·~~g da. giro . qtiy~t·.· uhrr san.: -

«Chtr lnra gi:i. nii·, ell Mo hcin tlur, c:)p hihr. !tr '!'6·c (rr6·c vi · . 'ti~n !ri.phu' th!\n, lito au t~t tltn, dn·o·ng th(r chi lo~i), nhi chiep noi gia, tm9·ng lttc th(lp. Nmn gia 11! hOi giii bfit tqa - Tuy vo · hira 'hlln chf tim, ditn thu sfnh·titi di¢c, th[ (sinh !~i v6,d3: !hil'!,u chi hl).n, ·trruthl!-'g gin phi, ar taiv(tt vi tiru thtjc.giii;,'·di .. d<lng· .. slnl1 tid) -· Nlmqc ct'tnh him tha .nhiln ·giii, trm;mg nhat biich, .. di thlu1li lila, 4l:l nh1it ni~n Mn, h(ln tlu1 gi!t tri tlnh; ~;Jiam ilh1it ·

· dAng, nfr truy. quy ticn phn. ·Ti;,ti. plm hilt tlnr, hoan sinh· tlti; .. h:).n iJl}n hou nhu· plu'tp. ('). . ··:: .

' .. ....

•

-·'

:., .

«Phflni lui·a gil con g{\i, dU c6 phlic btlo hOu thlr,· hnr cO fu: tro·c (tr<rc lit dii hiet ri'i th:\n phOii' ·ngtrb'i chong giit tr1:, tim il)t, con nuOi hay con VQ' thir) mit b6ng nhi,~n h6i h6n, ihl h~ l(d. 60 trm;rng. Ne(t nha trai.ltim hOn, tlti khong ht..t t\>i (nhil gi1i). Tuy khong co lhtr hira hon, nlmng dit nMn <t;; sinh 15 thi cling nlm v·~y (ve· U?) ::.inh 1e. huy :;luh i.i~i, kh6ng co h;;tn dinh nhieu H7

rn·gu va dO Un khOng kl! lit sinh tlij, nlnrng nCu liiy tid v?~ ngh'ia la nh\ln lien d€ lam s& phl I'U'(l'll Vli'do an, lhl cling k~ Ia sinh tai).- Nctll;li hlfa ga con gai cho ngtrb'i klt~c, thi bi ·t<)f 1(10 trm;rng, neu gill thil da thimh, thl bi t(li do 1,11\\t nihil m<3'i. Ngn·Cri 1fiy sHU nf!u tri tinh d.ing hi t(li, nhll'ng dmic g~ii.n1 mQt Jn)c. NgiTO·i con g:\i ph:H t~1eo ngn"Cri ch{1ng tn.rO·c, .neu ehOng .. trm'rc kh6ng lay nii·a, (nha. g1li) phai hoim l~i sinh tid vil ugtri>'i chong.sau dtrqc U\y theo ln(t!.» ·

Thco dillu nily; S\r him giu tM &: Triwg Hoa chi co gi:i tri trm'r~ phap lnQ_t, nett nJur di.i' dn·Q;C C\1 thl! boa bflng m(>t VUil thu· phitc (lap ll).i h6n tlm cita nlu\ trai, ho~c hi'lug me) I: lc'J tu· u·<rc l<iil luQ.n gili-a hai h9 .trong do ghl ro cite dlllnliCm M lien hi\u U1l:, ~u()i va gia cilnh cim ngll'b'~ con trni. .

'.Tuy' kh6ng co ci\C vrm thtr hay tu· .u·o·c n6i trcln, neti nlu\ gai dfi nh<\n sinh titi, thi ciing ccii nlnr vf).y. N6i kMc, st.r nlu)n sinh tai, doi v6i nha lam lu:).t, chi lit m(\t'.hinh thirc thu· yen ciia.s•!

. htfa ~a tM. · ,

Trong lnOt Hong-:8frc, tr1ii l~i, nlu\liun lu(\l kh6t)!l hung ~ir vaci van thu mit crm elf vito sv nM·u do sinh 11\, ngh'ia Ia vito. tlnh. c1\ch long. trqng .etta sv hun gil\ thti ctia Jmi. h9 llO'n Ill s\r cari1 ket dan thuiln dm lmi ngtrlri chii hun .. S~r qui djnh m\y vira phil hQ'P v6'i phong l\IC vi' h\p qmin cim nu:6·c ta, klu\ng c~

. nhii·ng tu· n·itc vi!.' !Jflll Hm nhn· a Trung-Hoa, vim non ro tinh c1ich M lrQng ci1a sinh I~ dlll vo-i hni hQ;· 'Khong tM chi li1 mgt tu·. uO·C.hoijc 1hQt S\1' thO a hQ·p gili'a hui ngtrOi ch~1 hc)n, sinh .le

· phni c6 t!nh c1\ch long trQng, v6'i st.r ciw-t(\ tm6·c tt'r (ltrimg hai hQ; theo nghi thil'i: nu\ nM liunlu\H da qui dji!h ro r~t. Tid lieu·

.. \lflotig~Bt\·c .hon-gia·J~-nghi» lrong quy~n Thien-Nam du··h~ h)p, Ill~ ta' se bim• den .. trong do~i:t sitttNil nghi Hi gbt tin\, lit mgl ban

· ... v~n q:iti giti, ticti lii~u. sac thiti dan tgc, 'khUc hiln t~t cit c(tc b¢ ... . :: ·.·· .. ·.

49 ... •• !, •• :'~

l!!;~l dw Tnmg-Hoa, hay nhii·ug h(l lni.\t eli ctla ·cac mr&c ·khtl.c tH chju anh 'htro·ng ciw ln(,t nhit Btrlrng nhtr . Cno Ly va Nl.u.H Hfin.

B -., Hlnh thl'rc s~Y <Htoh h6n trm;•!l !u;>t Gia-long. . .

S~< q~1y <ljnh eim lu~ t Uin-T.1mg Ji1 Mt c1m6·c li1i}t Mifn-Thnnh vi! hai difm : .· . ·

1.- Sv ·c;'[m .<l~llln cltl phc1c gino Ju)n.

2.- Hlnh f.hu·c <!Iuh hun hlini~ ht111 Unr, ttr n6·c ha)'· ~1]· n(lp t:lnh. t;'d, . ·

1.-. Str ci.'im tloiw chi plulc giao bdn.

Cln'mg tn <111 biet, h(> ltil)t Gin~J.ong, h·ong dien l~ ·th(r hai etw. ,H~n D-1, .ilfi hilt cJndrc ILt::Lt nhiL Thnuh, _khOng thlra uh~n bria lri e1m llll' lnb htln· ci1a chn me, khi hni 'dlm tre chi J:l. hiLD' thni tr~1ng hu~g nw. Sl}.· «ehi phl'Lc gim~ h6n)> va tuc cUt·. v(lt lw giao. cho nhat't d€ litm hfing chlrng dCn l1i c?fJn. Ngoiti rn, s~ 1n'ra mi~ug, .khi 'tmi Ire· con lit h:io thai, cling l<hOrig co gh\ lrj, theo ·tinh !han cna <lieu 10 n6i tre.n.

Trong lut)l Hllng Bti'C kh6ng c6 dieu nao cl1; C(ip <len vtfu ile {1e (cchi pht\c gino h6n». Bii!n n~'Y cling df! hi.~n vl .llt\y ciing lit rn(ll l\lC 1~ ci'tn Tn1ng Hoa, kh01ig du·<)·c dan· tn theo; n<m uhit Unn !ni)t trieu Lc khCing can quy <linh, .

2.- Hlflh lht'rc ftinh /zt)n bilny plll1c M.o Mn ·lim llr m]t,

Jury s(Z' il!ifl sinh flii. · ·

a) ·r~ong bO lui).t. Gia. Long, hha· litm lui).t trieJi Ngny~n dii kMng !Mt l.Ji\o tlln c1l l\IC Vi• iEi cMp_ dt'tng ngu~·en viiu Iu~t ·. Man Tlu1nll, lt·ong diezi 94 mil chimg Ia da ph:li1 Uch lthi nghi6n ctht vt! c'{tc di(ht. kit;n liCn h~ ·ucn. hiin · thG~ va gin .cil.tlh cim. hni .. ben nnm nir. Dillzi 94 nay, cling nlnr lu~t uhli. Du:lrug; dil de c~p · Mn z;hfrng.hOJ) thJ],. va' ttr u&c da.,dtri:>·c kS• kct gii'i·a ))ai hQ. ·cih>g -.~ ;,·,: nlnr.lu:)t nhli·Bu'iing; 'dilliz 9-1 <linh rung: :<cli'I9,t .. ithi cac van .tint ... :.:i. trcn dii du·gc kS• ki'it, :~i.gu:o:i .. cliu hMlshCn!g th~.-,t1lr:Y. ·k~fJJ, .g~ iiori ··. · .. :::;~!

~~.1,~5;,_. __ .. : .;,_;i~,~:·~Bi~,;l~;i;:i];~L~~~!;~~;:.. -~::~;I!::~~~;:L~~~~L:::Lcii:,t~j]

·-

•

> . ... :. ':•.

cho ngm)·i !<hac, trM !nQt bi ph~t 50 roi. Neu khOng co van thu: trcn, nhmo.g dii. c6 nt'/p ·sinh tili, tmcmg hgp cling dtrgc coi nlm v(ty. Nhrrgc b!ing h,ti gu ·chong khac, ni;n clma thimh bOn, thl ngll'lri cliii nha gili plli\i ph\lt·7o· trrrgng, n\lu da ihanh Mn, thi phii ph;J.t 8(Hmgng. ·

Neu ·nh:l. trai tri tlnh thi diJng t(>i, <11J sinh I~ hi sung cong, ui'lu khOng tri tiuh thi khOng ph:li tt'/i, cho p~cp truy d6i do sinh 1~ h.ti .vii ngtr&i con gt\i pho.i vc nh:\ chong tnr<rc. N~n chong

· tnr&c khong bilng long thl. dtrgc d6i lai gap hni r.ac do sinh H! va ugtr<Yi con gai dtrqc theo chong snu.

. Eloi v&i nha trai, khi dii. hOi ai liun V'l}', lila hiii h,ti, t<)i cling uhll' the, ,vii kMng dll'Q'C dol cac dll sinh :~. (N~u clma tlu\nh hOn thi xU. phai lily ngtri>'i hOi lrtr6·c, <15 thimh Mn thl cho lily •ngrrl>'i hOi sau).

-· Con trai buy con g<ii ph\lm t{li th6nr; gian hay tr()ru clip tlil kh6ng ''P dt,mg lu,u· uity, ughTa lit co hlii lu)lt mil khoug hi trirng plwt.

N6i 16m 1\li, viln de sinh lil, dieu 9<1 G.L. cling nhtt lu:)l nhl>, Thanh, <lii chin anh hu·&ng ro r¢t ciia !tu~t· ·nhit I:Ju·ltng vlt chi khl\c JU(\t llJu\ f)tr(mg lrO!tg Sl! an djnh chi lie! CUC 'hinh ph:,tl ni.ing nh~ mit thoi.

... · ChUng ta hay tl),lll gitc viln de ·hi~u 1\rc cim. 's\r ulnh bOn mil chling ta se bitn cten. Ve phtrc>'ng di~u hinh tht't·c, sv dlnh hOn, theo SlJ' qui dinh ci1a di~u 94 G.L. cling nhtr lti(ll nhit Ehrc'l'nlfc6

. th~ co mgt troog hai hinh thtrc··sau :

1.- Pht'tc hito h6n thtr hay tu· trcrc ngh'ia lit giay tit n6i rli <1i~u l}i¢n .vc gia cunh vit ban. thi'l ciia hai hen st.p lfiy .!lhnt•:

2.~ Hoi.ic: neu kMrlg c6 cue IO\li git'iy n6i trcn, till S\l' n¢p . s.lnll' tai lit du. ·

•. •• •.• • ·• ~ • • • ... . , .. ; ..... • '1 • ., . •• ... ••

. ··' !B.- &le!JJ IIden ve no1 dung cua .Sill" dmh lhion. . . . . ·. ' . . . .. . . . .

. T~ong hf~t nhil u cling ul~tr . nhit. Ngny~n 'khilng c6 <lieu . . .. . . ~-

i .• ·: -:·:::: ' .. ·- .:· .. •; .. ·. , ...

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Jch(}ftn r:iw minh th~ qui djuh ve ct\c UH~u kiE~n. nQi dung ci1t). S¥" dlnh lH)n.

. . Song chlmg fit d:1 .. rO vni t1·6 qunn trqng ci1a ngtrCd chit

hOn f.rong gilt lln't, vt\ vl IC fly, S\1' dlnh hUn phil.i lhrq·c ngu(ri chit han trnr: Um~n. BiCu n:\y dn·0:c pluin chieu u1Qt m'lch gi(~n liep trong ili(<u. :JH e<m lu(\t Wlng Dt"1·c : "Phil. in· k~L hc)n, 111.1\ ldu)ng lfem si~1h 1~ clCn nh:'t eha nw nhlt g{ti;- (neu·chn 111~

· chCt, lhlplJiJi Uent (1Cn. nJu\ ilgn·t'ti ·fUn. nhiln ho{ic--n1a\ hu·c.l'ng chJnh) (') mit"" o· v6-i ;,han c~u thii (lrong lni).t .dung danh tit• • cliu h(Yp), lh) phi\i h:.> UH)t tr:)l v•l lH)p ti()n 1::.> cho eha uw, h"1y thco saniJ Jd:u. N~u eha m<; elt6t· eti, i.hi nQp chu hu·o·ug chin h. NgtrO·l co.u g:'ti pluii ]}lll;tl 50 rOiJl.

Lc" di nhien, trong lu:)t Gia eong, m:'jc dllu nhi.t lam lu~t khOng n6i rO, nlurng Sl_l' dinh hUn 'cling Jlluil du:qc -ngti61 chlt hon tmg lhtH}n. · · · ·

Chinh \'i JC s\r (Jinh h<in do ngtrlri chit hOn qnyct djult, nen trong Lrtrln1g lH}'j) hOi hOn, · nghTn hl klu)ng Wn tr~)ng S\r hi'm. gh\ t1n't, tJ·ong lrLrCmg hc;·p lhc>ntt thu:cmg ehi' d~ng ngu·(d chi't bOn ]>hai chju l nic.h nhi~111 vii. hinh ph;tt.

m.- Hieu lu·c sU"" dfn!t hem. ,. . . . Hi~u !tyc "6ttn st.r dinh !>On c"lii t1lri;>"C dq: \i~.n !"rong lni).t H/lng

Ehrc ciing nlnj· trong Iu,\t "Gia Long.·

A.- Hi~u 1\rC cua" S\r dfnh hon trong lu~t "1-laug Oii·c.

B1~u :JJ5 Hong El(rc: c1il qui iljnh sty eM tAi ve hni".tru:lmg hq·p hCli hClu: · · ·

a . ..:... Nett ni>il [t•ni <11t c6 slnh I~ roi, ma lchOng· lam liS ciro·i nfi·u, thi ph~i plw·t so trti·crng•vl\ n_>at (lu sinh.lL: · .. : ·

b . ......: Neu niH\ gM Mi hou, tlbi y khOtig muo1; gil niT· a,·· thi · ... · . ·.':, phai ph~ I SO. trtrQ·vg: Niiu nhlt wu· !:.>i · aenr gii · et>n :ella ugwll'i · · · . : ' .. •·,.

? .•.

(!) llu~ng ci~iUh nl;ll' ~)· lru."O.o.g ngily n~·y. ···' ..,.<;

'~~·.: ~-~~- .. ::,[.,· ;_. ' ..... : .,,· ... :.;·,;ii&;i,.;;;;. t~;l_; .:·:~;~.;, .. ;,_:,:L.~d~~[~:cii~~:~i:i~i~i - ' "' .: ',··

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khitC Vit da thimh hon xong roi Hti phai t<)i i1i1 linn khao Uinh. Ngm>·i ch(lug snu lri !lnh mil liiy !hi phiii !1\i do; neu kh<ing 'td linh Uti kh<ing ph:li t(>i. Con ngu·iri con giti thi. phili ga cho ugu·M h<ii tm·o·c; niiu ngttiri hoi tnro·c khOng liiy ·nu·a thi phi\i holm lni do slnh !~ giip hai. Trung tnrirng hqp ay, ngu·iri con gili <~uvc gA cho ngtri>'i hoi sau. ·

Tuy-nhi~n,. theo c'JWl1 ~}2::! luiJ_t HOng Bin~, sv h~l:a gi8 thll drrg·c lieu hiiy nett m<>t trong hni ben nam ui1·sttp cm)'i bj i\c-t:).t hay ph~m t(>i, Ac t:).t trrc Ia b¢uh phorig hid. Theo quau nicm cua Khbui; giao, ngtrcri mftcac l(tl: khong the thira himh clic st;r ph\mg·llf !roug 119; vi V\\y, uhii )iun lu:jt cho hiii hOn. Plu.nn t<)i lit lo ra lrr each khong xti·ng d:\ug him chit gia dinh, 'do <16 .s<! bi.li· hun ding <]<we chap nlu~u. ·

'• . . .. NO'u ngu·oi· .COil tnii h) ac t:jt hay ph(tlll t(>i;' ho(ic phil <liing

gia san, ngtriri con g(ti duvc xin · phCp <1uan .tri\ l;,ti dt1 slnh 1~. · N~u ngrriri con ·gai hi •ic l(tl hay plwm l\ii thi khong phai tra do sinh !~; trai lni).t, phii.i ph;,tt SO trm;rng. ·

Tuy nhiditm lu:)t khong de C\\p den van dll, nhtrug m eli· . nhien, neu. mi)t hen nnm nil· m~nh mi)t, llri htht gia thu drrO"ng

nhien bi iieu huy. Thco timan phong my l\IC ciJU la, trong nhU:ng tru'img hcn.J Mt lwnh ·u:iy, hai hq v:1n tlmimg tit~p t1ic giao hieu. NC'u ·ngu·iri con gili cbCt, nhit g•U tl1U'Img liJ: i' ilcm tra !~ v,\t clio nha trai ; ve phlin nhil h:1li, tuy san uity l(tp gi:J <linh khac, nhu;ng kiob lr9ng giao hi~u v<riuha g•ii. · ·

·IB:- Hi~.i, lore cua sor dinh-hon trong lu~t <Gia-l.ong

.,,-,--: Ti·o.ng iru:b·ng lu;rp. hoi hon, c:ic Iilnh plu.tl ctin Ju~t Gia Loj1g nb~ lwn lu~t Hong-Bti·c.

~ N:Cu nhil., gili d6i y ·ki.C~, khOng gii cou gfti nfi·a cho ngu:O"i · da dlnh bOn thi.ngrroi chlt h6n hi .ph;,tl 50 ·roi. Neu dem con gii ·. cho ngrrM kluic, thi hj.plujt 70 truyng trong tru·o·ng hq·p gi!i ·. thti dura tha.nh.· Neu ghi tht1 thauh ·rili, thi ngtriri chii han pMi

'ph;,tt 80 lmqng; ngrri>'i con gui phi\i ve & v&i chong tru:&c. N:eu ··ngrroi chong,.trrro·c khc\ng b!irig. long, thl dtrq'c uoi gap hai tien ,sinh 'I& vit ngtroi con·gai dm;rc.theo chong.sau .

-;;··· ',.;'. 53

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ViH v&i nlit! trni c1h giit thl\ san (nghin la ngu·iti chi1 h<ln) ni;n he;> !ri tinh thi ciing u1Jng tc,)i; uiiu khOng td Unh thl kh<lng bj l\;i.

B?l sinh li.\ trong gh\ thu thir hai, !Jj sung c<>ng.

Trong lnrltng h<7P nha trai ilC>i y liien san khi c1lnh Mn thi hinh ph:~t ciing nhn· tJ·l·n, vlt.nijO;\i ra khOng (itrgc ti-ny dOi ~~i!l:· /ih :~jnh ld dfi nc)p_ clio uhit gUi.

h.- Bi~u M hu).t GL con thea dung lui).t nhA i'h.auh; qui'dj~h .. h'tr(P:!(; h911 ngay nghinh 1"10n chua t&i rua. nh;\ trt'ti, in(ic dilu ,j;C (;{, sillh M, <len cu·o·ng bach (/6n dtlU, lwy tn.-tmg hqp ilii uen uw\r nghinl1-h()n, nul nha grd tt'r r,h(ii.. Trong cU hai 1nrCmg lrq-p cue ng<rlri c.hu. hun vi ph(un ln(<t phap pluii · hi ph!J.l nlim llllf'Yi roi. ('frong lu~t nhit Le khoug qui <l!uh cac ·fru-o:og IJ9-p nay). . .

Ngolt( ra, lheo. di~u 1¢ .tliti· hai cim ctillu 108 ]u(ll GL, n~u· · nhit trai <M qua 5 nruu kh{)ng cu·61, san khi da h\m sinh 11\, uhit gt\i iltry·c xin phep quan clip· giiiy cho kct hon· v&i .ugtrCti ldtbc. Noi !(hac, lu<it nha Nguyiin tla_iin <liuh lhM ... Ju:m)oi,da.:, .. etin thO·i ky dinh hOn Ia 5 nam. Van ilil nay ciing kh6ng dmtc. ·. · qui djJ;>h trong In (It I:IC5ngBti·c. · · ·

.. , B1J Mt Ju:Jr!, .ta.-~6 tl.t1! n6i rang mi)c .duu neu phi;p ltJil.t: tricu·Nguyiin vi.bilt-clm6·c lnl).t nhit Tliauh, n~n dii cMp :Uiiij.J1.' nhli·ng hlnh tJii'rc ve Slf hira giit t]ui khong t1u•q•c t\IC ]~ . thirlt .

··jlh~Il .niJi]·"Jitlll. tiiir Y(t. tu· u·6·c, song <Jlla JlCU ]u(tt· ph.\p··cua -hai lrieu ·;Le ~11' tri~l: Ngttyiitt 'hi~u- lt~·c cun Sl)' hira !iii\ tlih :vih:l .. khclng thay doi. I:!i¢u ll,rc ·cHi.. iltr9·c phiin chi~uh:ong cil.ti tuc .. ngii· : <{frai che v9·, ci1a dh .xu.On·g sOng·;·· gUi chC chllng cl1h t:qQt · tri\ hai». . .

·::·

. IJ04;.V Tifli 'HAl' .....

NG~J!-L~ G1iTHu · · · · ~:·· ·~ .' , .. . . . - .... ~ . ~---~ .. ·. . -·.: . . . . ·. :-: ;~ -~=.::.:;. r'_:.··. :.::>

.. Trang C(\-ltti).t· cuu .(a, ... Ju~t. ~n)la .~suyen I*-~n.~( q!!f: __ <ljril;: ; '··.·.·~.-:S'

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...

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mitih b<.~ch cue nghi Iii vil gh\-tht\ trt'r m¢t viti ·d,_to dt~ chi thl tiuh gii'un cite khoi\u chi phi ve hun lii va sinh 11\.

Triti l<.~i, 'dt1;6;i trieu L~. vua Le-th:inh-Tong <lii chii tr9ug . Mu sq: qui djuh hinh Uni:c gitt-thit. Theo m(>t tili li~n chep trong Thicn-Nam Du:-h<.1 t~p. nhan de la ccHong--Brrc hon-gia 1~-JJghill,

. ~ghi .18 ve gift_ tht'l ngity~ 11ay, ClQ.i d~, cte~tlit C{tC nghi)& dff dttQ'C tjui djuh tir· lhiYi Hong-Bti·c: Titi li(•n niiy k!16ng nhii·ng dty trit

"Ctic ltS h·ong ghi.-thli cOn Un dlnh cil Cfi.C ng:_tch s6 1e-v{lt cho titng giai cap. xa h¢i ·de khOi gay 1nfhu lo~ut.

Lu(tt nha LC du·d\t li(m bOn HS tt·ong giit tln\.

a) LJ ll!Jhi !tOn (ngily nay ngu<"l·i ·ta gQi' lit 1~ cJu.un n1~t bay lfi d(tm ; di).Ill I~ m'rm hoi, nlmng ciing.c6 tbc do chfr-ch,tm d9c bien ra), Con· trai ·tuoi .ltr 18, con gai tubi tu· 16 ln)· len,- nam ni.f va ngll'iri chu hon (hi·c hi cha m9 hay tnrcrng l(\c) khong co. tung tir m~l niim tr& len, - m6'i <ltrgc lhilllh hou. · Tnr6·c tjen, phiH nl:tO· bit moi _di l>.ti ngl) y, tlqi uhit gt\i uh:)n liri, m6-i djnh thro-e ·su· hon nh:in · · ·· . . '

b) a ainh ff1ii.fl (l\l.C gt;>i )it ~~ van danil) ..

·Nhil trai !~m 1& cito t6 t~~i nM tir · ctll'o·~g, 'neu khong t6 t:U: dll'irug, Jam 1~ Ct\0 ((; l').i nhit Jurcrng hOa, roi dem clii 1(\ V~t Vail·

·daub. den nhit· g;\i. Chii nhi\n nita g<li m don chilo,- roi cung ch.ao .nh.au··n:ia.· di viio,. san dcm 1~ vl}t, )<han· o· llr (lttimg, lt\m IIi

·. ch(tin. ni\ii- hay 1;•y. ·Nha go\i d\it cii han th<T nhit.trai. Khi lra· ve nhil; nhil trai 1~ 1<\m 1~ c;l.o. t1l o· f:ir du:irng.

. . .. <) ~~ ;;~p·c/;.trri:1: (t'~;c,~<.:i k~- Hi ·h~~;J oiuh· hay 1~ dlin do · cu·o-i). Tru·(rc· ngity 1~, <1<)·i" bi( mai den··nhit gtii tn)· vc n6i l;ti S\t

dOug y •. Ben ngily Hi, uht\ tmi deni di1 (!() sinh lc dei:t nM gai, giong nhir nghi 1~ djhh t!Hl.n. , · ·

d) I/{ thiln nghinh (ilay nghinh lill~, t~tc -gQi hi Hl d6u dan). Ngayhom cwll'i, chu nhfH) nha trai lam 1~ ciw to l'!-i tir .du:itng,

. :roi- du:a.chen i·~:~·9·u cho con u6ng;tru·&c l>hi"di <16n dau, mit bi\o. ding : «Bi U6n n¢i ltr&ng cita con, d~ g~nh vUe Vi<?.c t6n dci·O·ng tu, .

· .ciing bao nl!au ·gifr chi¥_. kluh,_ n(Ji mill riifp nhitll, (Vung nghenh nh'i_tri:o·ng; thira ng>i.ton s1y;· mi¢n. Jtuiit hli:u J,.inh, .nhu:<;>·c Hlc.. .. . . --

····~·.·

hfht t1nrO·ng. Ngu·Ci'i eon trni tlura: e\'lmg con· chi sq ldtCmg. klHun nlli, khong d;\m quiln m~nh lr)oh c1m cbn.» (Nam vi<!t : X~c, duy ldii'mg bOt cam, JJ1(t cam vong m~nh).

CM ra d~u nhlt gM, llgi o· ult:\ khitch. Cbu nhlm nha gai. l;\m Jii cao til i\· hi.: d1ro·ng, roi cling d1rn chen rn·q-n cho con gai. mit Mo rilng : «Con hay klnh clln, ·gin gifio so·m tili kli<1ng dmtc. r;·fli m¢nh-l(\nh cua L1:i m~ chong !i> (') M~ ciing khnyen con !!ili hiio r!ing : •<Ci5 gang klnl; c~n. s&m Wi khong d1rc;rc h">li d<J.O linu di\u, Jam Wf>; (2).

1H~ tiiSll con. g:.ii Til ; cln\ re. di 1nr{)'C cO dan. Vi! dell nlta, ·h"' o:u <hiu Vito. Chit nhi\11 ra don <'hln Jiun Jil ,,Qi~n nhryn», (') r:u duu vit cbt't re cimg nhnn liun Iii hni l;ty. E:e vito bil.n 1il). 11ong. Chtt nhtlu tbi6t khitch ; miii ngmYi kh>ich d~n dlr(l'C ti)ng qtu\ (voc uhicn hay lt)a m1iu). Ngity hom san, d~y s6·m co dftn vao yet ltien bi:i Ill<; ch1lug. Ba nglty, chit nhiln dmt co dan vito l;!y I1lt:l th&. Hom san nun, chU ri'l den yet ]den nM. cha ll1tf V<t.

Trung l~ nghinb Mn, khi ho nlu\ trai di c16n dAn den ngii uh~ g.U, tlnrcrng ngu·o·i litng den~ day 1·a cb~ng; doi tien «lnn uhai» (ti~u ch~u· ngo JUJ llr 7't). Ncu nha trni kh6ng chfu .n(>p lieu, h~ se cl\t cl!ly . khicn cho cn¢c· han nMi1 theo y h9, se di tli'in chii chin ly. Boi'v&i li9 nh.\· trai khutig o· ci.tug Iitng v&i h9 nhl! g:li, vc tiiJu Ian 'nhni, nhien khi phi\i n¢p .m<)t · sil tien.i6'n. H~ !I~'tnh c,\c sg lu\ l(lm trong. vi~c thn ticu Jan nhai; biin. «47. ilieu giito han cua . Vl\H ·. L~~hnyeJ;-·tong)) .. hun hanh uiCn hi~u C[wh-trjnguyeu nieu (Hi62) c11i dt)' ·Ji~u trong dieu 44 : «Yo lti~n (bha tt·~ti) o· liuig Jnluh hay er·litng khuc; den cho phep .tlm tie~ lan-nlwi lit mc)t quau liihi co v:\ m(>t vo ru·9~1. Qnnu vien va hinh llnh o· Xll lMn uha giti, l.<Mng lln·<;>·c vi¢n c6·. ]A liiy ch1lng Cr lang kht\c m:\ ll<li tien .«Jan~uhni» crua h!)n va ·«Uen:·thrro·ng

'. tieu ( t ~~ #) ('). · · · ·

' . ·(I) Kinh chi, gilri ch~, tiLed~ .va vi cii'Zl c6 chi m~nh.'. (2).Miln c(!i, kinh chi, tu~·dr~.'vo vi nhi khue mf3n chql. ·. :. (3) .:i\. ill Trong 1l iJ.i~n nh9'1, 4~ .ll ihirlrng la mpt con. ng8ng. ( 4) U triiiu ~ltien-l{llh thijn ·chlnh trang :i97,

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Ill i

L:\u cl~in, tt.te thu tiCn luu-nl1ai lUi b·iT lhfluh fl.ll! I¢ n<')p. ·· Cheo. Gilt !lnl ehi r1tw·c I!wg cong nMn, neu nhit trai da n(>p cheo 0· cong sO· Ulng nhit )jt'd. '1\1 c nglr Uur(rng n~i : r!Cu·c)'i lrh()ng cheo nhn· l~:~.o nghco kliOng lll6<.~JJ, df! ti', r~.ng nCu kLUug IH)P du~o, gltl Hn.'i.l ... I.uing ·dtr<rc uhln 11h~n· l~~l h.(J'P thlrc. Theo U.B-.C.V.A.L (giO:ti <1itp c'lu hili t:JO) chro c6 the 11¢p Mug lien ; · ciing cc) !;hi n(>p hi\ng <16 Y\\.t nlnr m<)t doi c.hieu, doi nilun d(lug, ·bOn :'J-lfun. gel so·n! n1Ql con g!:1 lu~IC, mQt mtln1 iOi, td1u, cau, I'l.l'Q'U V.V ••.•

Khi eon g;:'ti t!hJht lloang, 1:\ng hi\t n(~P 1n(H !:~ !ieu I.:"·heo gQi I& «e·.he.fr ng9n c6 1J <~& tO rHng r.Hinh ngay Unh da. h! ctrCh1g, hiep ; til\n clieo m'ty thrrimg u<il'. khi lhay c6 mni1g (co ban), de khOi bj c,\c nM dui·c trilcb irong1iwg d6i hr)i, (1,>illi ditp cfttl hOi 132 ('). . .

(1) T\lc'chco ugqn cO hi~~ c6n ihi hi1r.h t~i it nhf~u qO'i. •·.

T~i hai Hwg PhU"KhC yl\ Hoi'wg-NgbJa tlLuQ~ 'finh Tqanh-H6a c6 fJJc cheo og911 cO Cho con gai HwH viw tuOI 17·, I8. !Iai ~.itng n6i L~Cn Ia lang budn b.;i!,l, con .gQi lhnc tlm·o·ng p.hM di xa d~m ba nglly mCri

. tr3- 'VO IU.ng. ac nglln ilgtr.l Sl,r clnb 1IOang, IQ fiaf ~~ng n6i tr~n aa ng3 V:J rat n,:ing. _nlnrug tl"il' cho nhU·n({ cO 'g.Ui «a l]l,)p cbco nggn cO. Cheo nhu· ~hC nghia Ia chco tru·O·c .lthi ngrrQ-i con .gili.ch6t H'i'"d:}i· d6t. Tir kbi dii cheo nbtt t.hl} ngtr&i con gili t1lf(YC qau l~ng coi nh!l · mQt nguQoi aai:J·b~l dU c6 cJJOn;.:, tuy' ding tin1c te!' cbua Uiy ai. Cling· lt~ tit rigay dO. ngtrlri coO gili ·lhut{ di UuOn biln xa khdng ai dj ughj ...

· ·ni"ia. vil c6 {zuyCn .Jay chOnuO.tul)t.no-i ~a lhu~n Ji~tL- cha ·sfl bUdn · ban -ciia minh, khOQg ciiu ph~i uQp q_lieo ml)l Jan ni:ia. ·va c6. chOt

· dai 1aug nu·&c ci'iog 1th0og nr,a ·vagi Cit · . 1.:. . . • . . ~ T{d lflng,Lai .H~ Trung t\IC J.JI?i la BOng,·phii KhcHii' Qbfm, t1nli Hu·ng

· Yeo. cling c6 1\tC cheo ngqn cO, t!IHrug thc_o tnQt -y nghi;:l kh4c. ·

Ctieo. n8Q;I cO Ut cheo tn~ nguQ·i con glli. n6p ~ho Hulg-.a~·,t;ong ·u;c}i . ky ·co tang cO this l!i ~:iy chO~g dtrQ·c mil kh:~ng hJ Hmg. b3t ·v~::phiH tQi •. T_r;~c chCo ng9o cO. tr:4nh cho ngu·Q-i con ·gA) dCn· tu(H ·.Jlly chi:tng bayda hO'i IUUQD lu~i ltljoi pboi qua'·Jfra Vj lhlri 'han qu~ dili. cua·

·. )aug .ch~· •. · . : . · · • ·: · ' . .. . .· · · · .. · · .. ':. . .•

· · ·. · .CO thu.Y~t n.Oi r~ng _sO. ~r g<}i Hi chco· ngQn 'co trttag c.tio m6 ~a ·tang· tOe. ... · ..

. . . ¥~i~:;~~::.?~j;;:~~--~_<2}>:.~- :,; '/ .

vl u_ngQ_a. cO• ~u~ng<::

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1'1 iT TH (! B"i

.· :,,cAc ~v· CHE rA1 vE &lEU KI~N GIA~THO. ·· ...

Tren nguyen tdc h·ong di\n-lui,\t hi~n tl).i;. ithi mi)t chti:ng thtr· phap lu(lt kMng h9i du c•\c diilu ki¢n do lul).t qui djnh; chti·ng thtrfiy se v6 hi~u vii cac chiang sJ! co tM xin (iett huy .·dtrq·c, . Tny rihien g!:\ thli Iii mi)t cht'rng ·tlnr d~c bW quan Lrqng d6i vll'i vq cMng con cili, cling nhtr .. doi. vM gia dinh,. xa h¢i.. Do·· d6, .· ·nha lam ltu)t du gi<'>'i h(ln nhfrng tm6·ng hc;r[) c6 th~ xin tieu bil,y .. gUt thu vit phi\n bi¢L·: 1) cue tm<rng hc;rp cilm chi · do·n thrritng (empechements simplement pt'ohibilifs) khOng h\m cJw giu. tin\. V<\ hi~u;,3) cite lnrirng lHlP v6 hi¢u· (nullites) 'cbC titi nhii·ng S\r. :x'lllll !Jh(lm VliO Ct\c dillti ld!}n thiet y<'itl cua gilt tl:iti .. · . . .

.' Co. tM n6i rfing; nhit1~mh;~t·Vi¢t. Nam·tronfrci>"phap.ciing .. ila Clunrqng <l1in van dll nity v.a c.iing da dJ! li~il nhfrng ·st{ c!iii

tid ri(ing nh~ khacnhiiu. · · ·

. Ve plm'ang di¢n nay;_ cac S\1' cltli titi trong. c6-lu~t c6. lh~ chia-Iam hai'bltc .: . ·. ·

. . '. :;· .•·. . .. . ..... 1_.__; Trrr<mg hq·p cii;m. doa.n itMng tien· bity gia tliu.

. . . · 2.-'- Tnrimg hQ·p {ria thi\.bj phan .d[ ..

• '·: ••• ~ • • • • • . . : l . . • • • . '. • • ~--- ~·. •• • •

·1.~ i:r1iang h'?'P -c6r11.<tioan .kho'ns !ieu hoy gitH:hu_.' >. ' .. ·.'Ngiy na~r::ng;riri ta xep qac. trn·o·nJf )1.gp, n~y:VIw .IO~;c~tii, .. -.

. clil,dan tlm!ri:Jg .. Trong.c~c.sJ!.'}~':'·diJ\m. ~O'I:i .thwirng :nay;: CJ!n . ' ln(lt'chl ph(tl tnrQ·ng hay phl).l roi; \ity li:trimg .hQ-p ·n(lng· nl:i~, .

.'.elm· gi~ .llni ·khong·bi :ueu.l:ii'1y •. · · ..

Thi·_d\t : i) 'flu~o di~n 3!(i Hong-Dire, ~~~ qunn ty &::·h~~~ ... ngoai 1nit lay dim hU con gt~ hong ht.tl 111inh cui trj,.. ~hi phil.i. ·

· · ph\tt,70 tmc;rng·h').. ba bo).c vit lim clni'c. . : · · . · · · .... . . , •' . . . . . - . 2).Theo dii'.!tt 91 Gia-Long diSiv<'!'i gia thtl ~ttr9·~:c:u:.·:·Ji~cli ·"

: trong ~i· CU;\ang ong bit hny than thtlQC Jthi\ng· phaiiifcba 111? ilha laui luo).t cling chi citt· li~n hini1 _Pht~L 80 tmq·ng, ,kho;Jg._:bll.t. . ... ·

: ·,ly.dj ... ' .: . ' . . - . .- '. ''--::· ..

. ' ·' - -~ . .·.. ·' .. \.'. · . ,.._ · .. : ·'

. · .. ··' .. . . : ~~.~:.:-/; ~:· . ... ',·,

. .. -·~ · .. : .

. ·. ··~· .. : :/; ~,;·;~t~;{;;;;,:;:~kii:

....

.. -. '·

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3) Theo di&u 9U Gia--l.ong nt~tl Ong lui: eha mr; .. d<lng phiii gimn {it nul con ehhn liuu gh\ th(l thi pluH tiO 1.nt'l)"11g, ~l(:.u Ong bit cha In\' thn(u1 c.ho, thl kh<ing pluli l(li, n!mng khi r.u:&lJ<hong · duqc lam cil hitn linh clinh.

4) B~c hit;t uhiil la tt~tr(tng h9·p «cau~.hcnn nghTa lit Idti hill h~n trai g6i 56ng d~liug vtri nhuu nhu· VQ' chOng, tw)t r.itch diu· t4ii,. '!;:hOng eii· 1Iin~h ughi 1~· tbeo 'JmH .!f): T~H!•.I tlieu ;.H 1 IH~~ ngttll'i con lrai hj l?i h•.• m('>l h(\C, piuli n(lp lil\n t;> eho cha m~. nha giti H1y gia dinh -sang hCn. N6u cha nw ngtriri. con !Jfti. d~l1 · chet, thi phai n?r i:ien h) clw ton ahii.n hay hu·o·ng c!Jinh ('). Ngtrb'i con giti ph?i.i ph;;tt 50 roi. Str n(>p liCn l~) n/1y hi 1nQl che tid J~ic bi•;t ct"l t::n~ dung dii1u. eh1nll (<tiuh ln~ng eriu b9-p~ .. Lh~\nh .m(lt giit.lM httP pl•Cii'·· o· (f>\y, la t!1iiy ro rCl dttt.)' nhilliunlm}t muou h•.t.n che· uhi\·ng tnro·,!g hqp lien .hiiy gill: tlitt, va hem uira·

'"cho phep di&u chinh uhii·ng tinh ln)ng khoug .xtic ph\llll ui;ing nll . vito lui).! I$ hay nghi 1~ giit lhtl.. .

Giai philp nay th(tl d(lc itao vii to ro rang nM lain lu~t trieu Le chi dr.r lit)n, trong trrro·ng h9]J. cltu hgp, nq.i'i·ng ·s1:r che tirlnhl(! nhat (con !rai hi h;t rn(>l h;\c, con giti hi 5lJ roi) vit clw n.(>p lil\~.t;J. !11\ .. choJ.u;/'p'H\ nghin. · ..

11.- o~llj'er~rng hqp gia th!B bi ph a it d!. - . I' .

.. .'Tr_op.g cil.c .trtl'Ct~g·l?Q'P rn~t hai hCn trai gili, hay nOi dto dttllg. ho·n cac nguO'i chii hUn hai hen ilii vi ph•.uit.nghicm trcjng v;\ost.r . qui djnh cita ltt4t 11:, nhit Jam luH troug ell phltp khoug cOng nh{t.tl· "" hiht hi¢u cua C<ic giit thit tlfi dtt<)'C ctr l(t\nh. Tuy nhien, k[ui.c -.. vO'i dat~-lLH).t hi<;n d,ti.· d,r li¢n ·"'' 'tieu .huy. c<ic 1'gili tliu liat· ... hgp pln\p vo·i hi~tt liJc Mi lii, coi cite· gi;\ !hit iiy nllll' ·khong'· · he biw gii>' co trong quit khtl', ~iing nhu·; trong tu·o·ng lai, khong · · the phat xuat dtrqc m¢t hi~ult.~·« gl, Ca~lm).t Vi~t-Nam diicMp ·nh~n m{>t gii\i phitp silt tht.rc te ho·z1 va .chi ·:u;\t-.J<ai vq· chOng

. pMi «phan dj», ngh'ia liz plli\.i ly dj. Noi ~·khac, trong. C1l-ltt4t" · : cac lii~u )\w cua m¢t.gh\ tlni Liit. h<;fP phap· vfin dn·o·c ton· titi, .. :

duy t~l ~·ong qua kh{r;··s,. phab: dj chi pl),u sinh.hi~tiitrc:.tro~g'::· ,, ,.: .. · ... . . ::· .,...._..:·..:· --:'--'- . '

: ~ .... (·)) Ji!l"~·g· chlub !;ay ·ry ·rrucl'og ngay· na], :~· .· :·: . . ·~ . . . . . . . ....... ·'.

:. ·: ~ . ' .

. :· ,;, ,::iJ.i:D·;:.: i·,,,,:~; .:ij,,iir.ni;j~\i~f~,~J , ..

. :,:... . .. ,. '· .;..:: ·. ·~·<· :·:' . ':·:·:· ·:·· : . . i~~f~~;i~~.tt~~"~;·.~~Ml;~:,~-~~:<~-.. i.~' i¥. : :· -':. ·. ···~·::-··

hro'ng lai ma thc)i. Nlnr V(\y, Sl~ W!u hfty giit·llni trong· ca-h~(lt da <luge hoil11 toim. dong h6rr viri trtrimg lwp ly hiln v1l"phu·iyng rli~n hi~n Ivc.

Bi&rn ch\ng clni y Iii giai ph,\p nay ding dn·q·c chap nhi\n h·ong ·hai h¢.Dan !Lu)t Bile 1931, B¢ Dan ln;J.t Trnng 1U36-39 v:l. gan day ti·ohg b¢ TUn Di\nlui).l1972. PJu'ii chltng quan ni~m nity. dii ph!ln chiChi m(lt anh htro·ng cua Gil-hiM <16i vM. cac nha I~p phtlp_ hi¢n a(li ?

TIET TEJU TU sANG.C.HO'NG GIA TI'IU

. · Tronff C1l2Iu~t Vi~t~Nain, l~Iicuig c6 . viec khai b~o--gia~tlni · d~ vao s1i h¢-tjch. nlnr (y Tay-phiwng vit dilii lit(\ I hi~n t(li. Tuy

nhien; trong ·cac V\t ki¢n, khi clln pltiU d?in cln\·ng st.r dinh lion hay giaAlni,, ngn·o·i ta tlmcmg din-cir. trtr6;c het vito sv ki~n cac l~ nghi d~ dtrQ'C ·cu·-hltnh long trQng theo t\IC 1~. Miele dan khong drrqc ·niinn yet hay loan bao, sg dinh . h6n ·cling nhtr gia-tlui

. gqn:i c6 nhien nghi I~ trc;mg thll, c6 bit con trong hai h9 :qhifng .· kien v~ tham dv, nen sv d[in chti·ng lllll'img khong cci. dicu gi· lclt6. khan. " · ·

B6i vcl'i str·itinh'Mn, hang. chimg !htrimg la s~· D1,1P slul, ··. ~~. trQ~g !)1~ ti;co ngi1i 11\.

· .. Bfli v&i gilt-tln\;·.~an'cl~ plu\·c t(lp han, ~it.can .. phiii <'1\rQ·c. '' .

· · x~t vil.baplnwng di~,n. · ··. ·•

'a)'s,; Cl'r hanh h6n 11\ vir nc)p cheoc. ' •' . .

b) Clurng c6·ban'g van'thu· nhn· pinic 'b{tO h6n thJr hay !tr .. _' · '" U'&c=. ,, .

. .•.. c}·ChU:ng·c6· bang ·s.ty siibg clnm{l nhtr vq.ci1Clng~ .• ·:·, .. : •.

· ~,..:...· D~n- ch~n·9 s~ ~·u- h~ri~ ho,; ~~ va n~p ~he~. :. ·: • ~ • I ' '·

· . _;, ·'Lc dl nitien, c!)c clu·o·ng SIJ c6 !hl\ vi¢;, di'i~ nhfrn chtrng cua cac ngtro'i dii tham dq l~ . cll'6·i cl~ cluxng minh gia thli:'.Nhu:ng: . . . . ., . . .

. '• ~- . • !·

. ·.·

1 ngoiti ra IH;> ci!•,•g ;;i; th~ diiu clll.i·ng dii. n\'>p Lien Jan nhai haytien cheo. ' . I

Mi).c di:lti.lroug hai b\1 ln:}t I·I()ng-Di'rc vil Gin-Long khong c6 1nQt dii..1u klh.~.:iu llito wiuiJ-lhi qui·-d~nh s~t nQp LiG.r~ 1)h.e1J7 ·

nhrrng b.te-l.; w)l' ~..:heo df.l co tt'r Ui.u O· nri'(H! ta. St.r n{ip cheo cho dlc hll'O'ng-chii·c lUng ulu't g.:\i r1u·v·c. coi nlnr sg: c0ng-nhi).u.··chinh . thirc cni)c hon nlu\n tlui v6'i c'lc nh:\ ch(•·c irach <1!~-plmo·ng. I~hi nh:).n tlCn chco, cite hu·o·ng cluJ:C llnr()'ng cflp phid Iai lclm b!ing. NCu khcJng c6 ph:\i lai, cb th0 dtln chlrng sg· n!)p· dtc(,) hi\og c:ic uhltu eb:'l'ng ,1:;: nlu~u liCn ehuu l.tay dtl elul·ng ldrn st.r n(>p cheo.

. Trong cruy~u \~Qui:Jc...:tridlt khtun-Lung di(ht 1~)), c6 ha(. Ui£;u _lt~lOti.u ubi J~() yi} bhng-cl:ll'ng pluli vi~'n dUn vC giit~ tlu'l.

Tt·ong I~ tlni· nhllt, nhnn-tli~ «khitm-tung (hc)ng .I~», UiCn 18 d~r li~tr rtmg: «1{/ii cUe tung nhftn d~ do·n I1un1 h.t.:.n vC vi~c gih Uui, nCn chu·a cO ·~l<.lp ·sinh lff, hny clurn n<)p lil~n Jnn nhni, c:lc nhn-1nOn kl16ng du·Q·c chUp nh:}n do·n ki~n vil XCt xirt). Nhu· v(ly, tlien n:!y dil m(ic nhien chap nh:}n haf di1:m : ·

· .,,'- Giit-h·i etta sl)'· htra Mu khi tH'i n0 ~ sfuh-1~.

b.- Gilt-lrJ ci'm giti-tlru khi uii lll)Jl ticn Ian.-nhai ftrc Ia . tien cheo. · · ·

Trong )(\ thU: 25 nhan (ie «gia"lhlt 1\tng Ie,, llillu !hit· nhat con qni-djnh minh-h:_tch hem .vil van de diln cht\·ng gi:i-thu : ... Trang cite V\1 Id~<t vc hun~nhi\.n, khi dii liun !(\ viiu-danh .. va_'n~p

. u() sinh 1~, giit-lhtt <ltrq·c coi nlnr an-djnh xong-xuoi, nell nhit . gili (1mn 'con 1ninh gil. cho ngtrCri kht\c,· nhit tn1i t:6 tht1 dUu-do·n ··

· ld¢n xin quan xet-xir. Nhtrng neu giiHhu chu·a dtrqc xong vlt mo·i chi c6 c:\c. st)' m6i manh qua h~i, vil hiiiu bUn dlll(lt-'v)Jt .thu·o·ng-1¢ nh.u· trau, cau, glt, nrq<t v.v ... thl kh6ng th~ nc\i Ia str b(!i hira gi:\Cthit tt~.<ii ki~u .. Nell cite nha-mOu)dH)ng x6Hty Ill~ cMpnh:).n t!O'n ld¢n trong nhfi·ng tmlmg-h\Yp n~y .if~ san nity.'.' '·. ~U.' rang Vi¢c khong. d:\ng ki~n; "hay ·xir bif! .C<)~g, '!J[ do·n ·c6 th~; ',_, ..

· .chl'ing-il.n. Nen· iet ra c() sg oan. frc. quan xi\'-im se bJ ph,,f~~: ·_·.;:;;

._·.· ,. ' . . . . .. . . . . . :.: · ... ·.· .. ···.~ .. ··.-.~ ..... · .. :·-· .. •.:._·.·.·.' .. ·~· ..... ::· .. ·.·~··,·:~·~ .. ~-~.:_f. .. ~.-· .. --:~::,~,..l.· t~ .. :£~iik:~~:~~: __ :i~;-... i~-~·3\:: .~: ~:.~.-:·~--~. .. . ' _;,_::~::-.::..:: .. ~.,·<, -- · .. : ~ . _--;..·;...:

'

Bieu ·nity cfing chit'ng mi~1h r~ng sg dh·;h· bOn chi coi nhu du~t·c cii· himh khi sinh m <111'9'C n~p lr9ng ihB (')

IR.- .Dt\n r.~frne b~nn t>hli~ b(!o hun :~~~·· Ui<~v 'h,. U'&c.

Trong ln:)i Gla-Long,. nhil li\m lui.ll. <lit dl:;p· dt\ng . ng<tyl\n viin cim ·uhli Thanh ve viln ilC pluic Mo Mil-tim hay trr m'rc mil cln\ng ta cUi"br.n dOl) khi nghicu-c[ru ve sinh-It>. Nhrr.ng SlJ'. th\t·c;· ttJc-1~· n:\y khUitg (1U'Q'C tlt\i'I gi~n theo., nCn bEl.ng:..chirng nlty chi co 'tlnh-cilch 1.)•-thnyet. ·

iii . ..:... K:llln; ch(r!1lg lbi\l'lg Slf slii1!;j <;lio:t.m~ ~~~,. ''<':! daSng ..

Sv nn & ·vb'i nhan nlur V9' ch(lu·g co <1i'1 <11! t~o. n.8n bllng ch(mg Mn-nhl\.n tni·u·c cl:qu(it kh6ng ? Then )' kifn cim m(>t viii ln*t ·gia «SlJ' dkh. Huh oiing <1ll'(l'C <:oi lil chimg-c6· cun" lion illi:\n. Ilni ngtroi "lin o· v6·i.ri!Jau .ulnr Wf eh/:fng;· dn•(l'C:"ngu:Oi ngolli t1di <'Hii nlnr h_ni vc>; chC3ng, · ngtTOi vq d tTi)'C gqi theo ten va c1ui·c lLr(rc elm ch()J.ig, v9· d:l p1ntng ~u-O·ng cha tnQ·chbng,. dii giitp··<lo· anh em nlui. chong-, (1(li-khtti ilay lit nhii:ng.sl! lii~u "Clui·ng-minh lit c6 st).' dich tlnh>> (2). · · . · · "· · . . .

s,,. th'-''c, vnn-•1e phtrc-t:.tp vii 11!-nl\i llO'n. Y-ki~n tt:ei, d!t'y 11i~n-nhiton <iii chin" lmhChn·i'mg 'clh duri-lu:)t T:\y-phn·o·ng vil qunil-ni~m chfip-hfrn thi\n-tr"'ug cita · v9· chong· ··chiuh-tlurc (p"ossessiou d<~ta\ d'cpoux legitime), can-Ctl' VliO ba yen-to c1> .. 'ili~n mn·9·n. tr6ng·c1>-lit~t (a,' Mfi ; each v9· chong gt;>i .rihmi (no'men),. c•\ch vr/ chllng d6ii:;n} vM nhan (lrnctatus); st).":·au·c;>·c xfi-_hl)i vii gin dirih ci\ng nh\m. (fama). . . . . .

· Qt1un" ni.;m ciui c'll lu>).t Vi¢! Nuni nghii\m idtl't:c hO'n;'kl~6ng · COi ding SlJ' chUJJ hiht !hil.n, \l'l,lllfl c6 lhl'! dem J~i · .. b1i.ng :chtrng giit tln\, Chi 'eo cilC. nghi-1~. giit tln:t.. vo·i Unh: cac!t loii"g-tr~ng .vii s,i dtllp phi).n · ci'ta than thu¢c v:\ lwu ·nii·a elm t1l tien, .· trtr6•c

. •>,·. ,•, .. -- ... · (1) X em cae dil:;n :ki~n ve · hinh thtrc v3 n:l}( dung' cUa Syj:·~diO_b· boD .

. : · (thui;mg d~n). - · . . ·. · <. ·.:-· ·. ·:·<··:·~·-=· ··_, : (2) Nguy~~ Tol)h rrii~l· Oidn ti-ong lu~l' ~trra; T~}P.~h:f."e~i_.tiC;iC~-(-V·i~n:

Dni lfoC Uuf) ::;() 2 !ranG ?5. · . · .. ··- .'· · · · · ·" :< . ._·.,,: .·. · ... ·.. . . .· .. . . .. . . .

. . '- .... .'62 . . . .

.• ) .• · -~ ._,:::.: •· .. · ._.-.. :.:. -·.J··. ~ .. ~

. ~;~~t~~~~l.ki;~J·~~~~-::·:_,; ·_~,'.: ··:._.~ ;· ... :·:~~-::~->~~ ~. v: : ~ ·_ ,J ;·_.;:_:_:_:; ·'·~

' .

II II

b&u thO' til' dll'irng, Ul6'i lit h~u-~i'~ du~rng d'In· Sl.f thAnh bOn~· v.l ta lduJng n8n quCn wuc dich ph!.111g fiJ.· ciw. ·b.(ln nhtm trong_C{>-ln~~~ . ~ . .

Vi vf;.y, (U(lu 1ll;1ln~! Hong-l:h'rc dii trirng plwt nhii·ng trai . ·.:.. I . h" 1' .... .. _,__ I 1 ("~ •• .Jl~.l! ,_ •. ~

!1<it nao dfi ((C~.lti-1(l'l}J>, ng l:l --~.an 0' VOl n lHL -.:.. .... UlU .tl..llUllg lau1 sinh 1~ ,:a gi:i tblt hqp ph<5p, nJnr ta cW bi&:t, ngu·ll'i. con trai phiii h<.t 1n(,t tr<jl: v:l_pln'ii 111)p lWn t::~- t:l:~ in~· nhA.J~fd .t~~ ..... theo gin the sang hCn. N6n cha m~: nlm gm t!hCt 0.n, Hu hen t:J, phiti n~p cho ngu:tri_ h)n-Hhiln · hai JJu·crng chJnh. Ngn(>'i -con Pili phiii pht.t! 50 roi. N<li khi1c, khi Jtni ngu·c,·i iln b· v6·i uh:m ~lur vq chong lllil khong e<) cu·IJ"i :dn, hu~t Hung Bu·c !lilt phni dicu-chinh tinh ll"l.lllg ]J[ing d1ch n(lp lien l:.t. Nc)p ti~n h) ciing. nlm n(lp sinh Je o· nhi\ _ngm'l"i con gt\i m6·i hi hilng chlmg ve s~r gia dinh chap !1h:).n hun nhil.n.

Trang ltu}t Gin Long, nha liun lu(l.l khong t1i! c~tp dCn vftn · cl~ !lilY m(lt Ctich lrl)C<' liep. NJmng Ia da hict, tjlCO cite elicit o4·v::\ 109 lw)t Gin Long, gi{t thit bao giC:r l'iing phiH uu=9·e cU: hU~h long trQng, do 1n(>L" ngu·ld chll hUn quyCI djuh vel c1ieu . Idri~n ; neu giit thit vi plu\p, ngu·(ri chii hUn 5C pluli chin tni.ch nhil)m. · ·

Ttong tmc'rng h9·p an i'Y v&i 11lmu khoog co cir hai,h giti.~: thu theo nghi I~ vit khOng n(>p cheo thea l(IC I~, lllli ben lrai gid · khOng (iu·q·c··coi ht vq· chhng, chi la ·(<nhit!J tiuh Lheo nhau»: T\IC ngii· tlurO·ng cb c£n1 «gh\ nh:1n ngfii non vq· . ch()I~g>.l <16 ~hl m(\t _tlnh tr{l.ng JniJ. ~ii.-h<)i .It hOng qui Lr9ng. ·

Ve virn <11! dii.n cl;irng _gin tM hllng chlip hil·n thiln tr~ug,. ll .B.C.V.A.L. ciing c6 m(H CJllan ni~m sui l~r,;. Sm1 khi da xac . nMn It\ gi>t tlnl phi\i lam thco nghi 1~ (gilti di1p cli~u. 133), U.B.C .. y.A,L dfi e6ng nh:).n·minh thj lit ccs\r an b· v6-i nhau J£n1 diti khOng phiii 1:\ m(>t bilng chimg gii1 tlni. S1y d'tn · j,Q"Jl l1ap gi<t Ciiog khong <lll"<,'C l!tn thanh, Va trong !lliieu Jt\ug -Cc")n lJfib phnl YQ. hqi Mi1 tmi gi1i. Clti _nhii·og C:)p nito tuy khOng cn·6'i xln .: uln;_ng _an & v6-i nh.~~~ <:a l>ilt, v·~. nhilt Ia da.c6 co)! m&i kito"ng,. · p!ta1 chC trach». (g~> va· dii trii loi «T\lc If···· . . . ·~("

.. · .i.'• :;• ·,:.: .,,.,.~-·~-; ::•;':,, • I • .. ' .... ::~--- ..

. ·.· . . --~-. --~-:.

chilp nhdu S'\t c!1ap hfru t!ian tr(lng nJm m(lt .'V' sny a6i\n giaillli, n1hJ khong co . bfing ··ehi'mg khiic». ('). \~ ·.ni¢m. chilp hii·n thiln tr;,1ng viJn chi c6 lnlng c6 ·.Iu~i. La-Mn v:\ lui).l phap Tily Phn·o·ng y ni¢m ily holin toan Xll l(l v6·i t\IC l¢ co' !ui).t Bilng. Phrmng. Hi6n nhien,' h\ trong liri gii\i. a,\p 1:{5 n6i tr~u. U.B.C.V. A.L dii hi van tir elm eim hoi' 1iy liun sai li.ley ngh'i. Bangle, de hiet r5 n(li dimg ci'm t~1c I~ en v·,, khOng <1~ cho U.B.C.V.A.L. chju anh I!U'o·rig cim Jn~t phap TAy. phrriyng; cfUI hoi tr¢Q phai <l(it dn·(ri hhih 'thi•·c san : «Gilt· thlt <lu·9·c clan ch~\·ug thea. thi'! .. th!'rc nito, .n~u khll1ig c6 bfing clui·ng II\ <Hi lllln thco .11ghi ·1~ ?» :Bily litlh(ll khnyet ui&m limtrong phl1'Cmg pll>lp·. sU'li tllm tvc-1¢ ciin U.B.C. V.A.L . . (')

D

Tzli LI ~11; XIiAo curi: . · t[ v~y illa«lNS G!A nn:i

, ~goi!i de· chi.-tiet Hi-nghi, sach .Hl'Jng-Bt'rc Thi(\~ Chlnh . concho tn hi~t ·ro cite 'dl'l v~t di\n crr6'i tt·ong vil)c.h6·u-nh.i\n ilhi~u it, lily theo ph1l.m-tr~t va gia etinh : . .

. e •. ~· 'ifi~c cu'lrl )tin a cdc nha _qu~n-du~rt • . . . . I _; . ·,

· . A.~ 06 I~ di'lm mi)t

.·: Cac b(fc cung-hliu.11;i q1zan nhifrphfi.m : Ilfln tilni da·,;~·. briu tri'nlltJri,_hnl-con d8; hai· c9n lq·n, hai co'n _g~l. ·IntrOi _vO: ru·q·u," . nnriri bon milm cnu tl,l'Q'i; nni:Oi · brln m:hn kuu · lth(nig; . hay · . . . . - . . . ' . . {)'/lu'!tL .

·(1). Q_Uestion.-·136: ·L·e mariagt<peut:-il ~trC PreuVe t;n·r la p~sse,ss~o.n · d°Ctat ? ~ Avis du ,comil_C_: .. ({L~1 cou~~une_ a_~Im·~t la_ possess1~m

(2)

· d•Ctat coai1me· m1e · prCso-mplion du niariage ·_a · dHa1..1f ·de· <tOulcs. ' ' . . . . . '

· autres prctl\•eSJ?. ·_yri ~·an Miiu - Dltn~lc*t lugc-giiing tr.

.tr>286.'

... . . : ._;.. ,. . ~.. ' .. . :· .·~· . . .

:- ..

.. :

"flhit nh.i phl.I.m: Hai tfi1n (lOt).n, h~li i.llrn hw1 ·ml)t con de? n1~t· con lgn, Hnu vO nrqn, tUnliUihn cau t.n·o·i, s:\u n1ihn trlln hwi hay trilu· h\.

'-· Nlza tam, Ur ph'lim : Mi)t tum do:;tn, m(>l talll hta, m.;.t .:ou . de

1 1nQt con l9·n, s:.\u.m:hn cuu ttro'i, sUn nHlln lrhu· khOng h:~y

td:tu Jti.

· Nlza ngii, l(lc pham :' M¢t tam do;tn ; m<}t ti!rr1 hta, ml)t con

·de, ~1<)! con lqn, 'h6n vo tmru, hfiu m•hn can tn'o·i, h6n mi'uu ~rliu kh6ng hay trlinlit.

Nbci lblil, bc\l pldim: H•\j ti'im hta mim (milll Huci, mi)t con dl!, n1Qt cou .Igu, ha v6 ru·9·u, ha rnfin1 cau tu·o·i, ha nulin lrltu 1:1.

. Niui crhl phllm ~ M(it tifm l(ta ·mii!J,.m<)t con dd, ml)t .con I9·n, _bn: ·vo nrgu,.hai 1n:\1n trlin.Ia.

IJI,- i!)ll} ib <li\" CIJ'&i •.

Cac. b(lc qrwn cuna-bliu ut chilk h\'>p b!).c, 1i1(\t chH!c .hl}p st'rug, m(\t chiec hi)p lltyng phfln sitp, mu·O'i con de; mtrbi con !<;m, mn·o·i Him vo ru·qu, ba nmo'i chiec b3.nh chu;n.g, hai nut·o·i.1nUn1 Can firo'i~ hni nnroi nii).Ul_..tdiu· hi, tn<}t U(m do~J.n khai bCin (kh6ng hil!n lit gi). ..

. ., . .. Niu'r." ilhf"pizlim : stin tam cto"n, s'im taui hta, })on l!).ng vimg,

:mrrM h,mg b~c; tien ba mrro·i quan; m(>t ciOi xu yen vang, tni)t , doi VOBg ki~ng,' in(lt chi€c hc)p SO'J~, grmng soi !tiy dtmg, 111<.)! chi~c: hQp· bQ.c,. IJ.l~t ·c~iCc h(>p phffn Si\p, ~fnt eon dC, ~t'tn .con IQ·n·, nnrb'iltun vO l'll'Q1.1, hai tnu·o·i chiCc }?iu1h clnrng, Inn·(yl Hint ·mil1n can tlwi, mtrO'ilammum trlin· lit, m<)t tam ilo;tn kiwi h()n .

. . .. . · -'1:{hd law, ti,·pham :· bo~ Him do:,in, t•lln tam lua, hai l(mg ~~;·11",;}1-a~vang, ·Hun ·lQ.ng b:,Ic, .. ~t1-¢t ly)p so·n, gU'o·ng 'soi tiLy d~1ng, ritQt · ' · · 11QJl simg, m(>t hi)p phan' st\p, bon con cl<i, m(lt con lqn, brei

·1nll'oi vo rll'Q:U, htii 1nu·o·i chiec b~l.nh c1urng, 1ntrO'i mUm cau .. · ttl'oi, Iillt·Cti. m:l1n tdin Ia, ni(H ta'ui hta. 1nhu.

. .Nlu\ iirilt; ),at plram :_ m¢t tam· do>,tn, ·m(>t t1iml\ta, !mi. n;tfo'i · · · ·

.. 65

··', . /· . ~ ' . ::'. · .. · .. :

qunn tien, m¢t doi :myen h~c. m<,\t doi vong b>Jc, m¢t chiC'c h(lp wn, gtro-ng soi ti•y d\mg, m<)l chiC'c h<)p ngn, m(\t h(lp dt:rng. ph:ln tuip, h1in con de, hni con Iuu, nmlri vi> rtwu, s:iu nul.m cm1 hr .. ,.., sflll mi\m Iran IIi, m(>t. i1im Ina man. . · .

;.\?h.d ,~lru pllllnt : hri.i tifnl 1\ta mau, l11lf0'i quan uen, m~t xuy.::n hac, m{lt <1oi · vong l>(lc, m(lt h(\p son, guo·ng soi tily d\lllti, lll('•i chi~c h(lp nglt, m(\t h(lp dJ!ng phrlq snp, hai CO)! d8, hui con Jqo, unrl>"i vO rtt:Q'U, situ 1nlim ca.u tti-o·i..

C.-··· 0<:.16 d6n .dau.

Jtr)e ::•'ln.q, Jz{lu nii. qaan nhcll phli1n } ·m_c)t tfi'Jn doiJ,tt.

1't'r nytl ph am LI'O' :t"ll~n!J : m(lt trim htilmuu.

11.- Vl~~ cll'6-Lxin a diin•glan.

A.-- Do Iii v:in-danh.

-Niui ffillu : m¢! t1im.·htn nu\n, m(lt con· I9·n, nuril"i vo nr9-u, hni mum cn\t h.ro-i, hn!· mllm trllu Ia.

· · Nlui bi1i!i ti!lrlmg ·(con nh:'t ngheo Hty nghi).: I~<}t con l;n, hai v<i· rtrq·n,_ m(it mi\m-cnu ltroi, mi)t mi\m trau lu. ·

B.- Dl; Ill d~ri CU"6-i.

··· · Nlul gilm. :_ Ilni tiin1 .h1n Inhu, . nnrl)'i q;Unn (i~n, n1Qt dOi. · xnyen h~c, ml)t chiec h(,lp so·n, gn·o·u·g soi ti1y . d~ng, m<}t chiC'c

. ·h¢p ngh, mi)t chiec :h¢p i!t.rng ph1in si1p, ba con l9·n, mtrlri vo l"l1'9'll, sill! mllm· cnu ht"Q'i, s1hi m~n' trliu h\. ·.

N/ui Lhmj·ng (£9n. nhlt ngheo 'tu.y· nghj) : m(lt tam 1\ta mlm,. ,/ tien nlim qwln (ho(\c hn qnnn), m(\t ,doi vong h<;Ic; m(lf chiec hi)p SO"Il, gu·o·ng soi lt)y d\lilg, h~i · eoi:t'lq·u, tam v.o ru:qu, 9on mA_m cnu ltro-i; bon mll.m ti·liu lu. · .. -·,_ · .·... · · . ·. · ... . . ~ . . .

.· 6~ ... ;_ '' .. ..... ' ; ... ; .. ,

,: ,,",I •.

'• :. ·'

Trong b•f1uQ.t Gia-Long IiMng c6 m(lt <ti~a khoiin nao qui djnh vll nghi tlui·c glit-tliti:. Song h:ong dan ginn vKn lheo c{tc nghi 1~ Mn'nhiln da.dm;rc ghi ch6p h·o:'g tlong-H•h: 11Ii~n chinh

· tllll', .va ngay nay c{tc 1¢ 1iy, tt;rn tnmg vl'lp. con, tuy du. drr9·c tlnh giiim va timc··ng rut l~i liuu ba le : 11\ ch;lln m~t, !li au hoi va ~~ 'crr6i. . .

. Tuy ·nhien, d1J d1m clning kh<'>i tieu phi hoi.\c tMch cu&i · qmi nhi<lu· . trimg vil!c· hou nMn, n)1a ,linn lu:).t triiln Nguyl\n cfiJ.lg dff .phlli ·ffn djnh sO ng:.lch t{tc I~ v~t. · ' . ·

M<)t d;10 d(l ni1m Gin-Long lhtl' ba (1804) <').a qui ujnh rung C{lC 18 V:J.t -ti·ong. gh\-tlu't phUi: 1 n·o·n_g d.u·o·~1g vc'yi hr hyc ella gin . ulnh. Nha gili .kh6ng th~ bill )nH)r. nha trni. timg lhiell phai k:Y· viin h}.' ng hay dln1 ·cc; ruQng CUlt. Tien· cheo ciing ldtOng_ thl! uU:({'C th:au qua hu).l. Neu ngm'ri con gid, c,hihi !wang, ngtrl.ri ay ph~i n.¢p 30 qunn tiCu, va cha hay nuh I~gll'O·i fly, chl ntJP ba .quan tit!It.

Mgt dl)o d\t ban hitnh nam T\r Btrc tlnr 8 (1885) ua iln tijllh cac Iii ti!y theo phl\m-tmYc nha trai, song Sl): qni djuh do·n ·giiin IHru thiri Hllng-Ehi·c : Bfli v&i C!lll trai cite quan tam phum di . thirqug : tarn h.m, th jt trau, ho, l<;rn tcty nghi. ·

Boi v6·i cite con trai tc•· tti· pham h·o, xu\]ng : ·1 H'lm hta, thjt triitt, bo,' l9·ri tity nghi: ·

iioi v6·i c~c con thwimg di\n : 2 tam hta,' thit lO"n ·v•l trilu . . . can hiy nghi. ·

. KhOug ai c6 tM vtr<rt qua cite h~n-djnh ghi tr~u ; tuy nhien nell kh<iitg Ci> <lit tu-!J;rc, kMug bat hn(>c p)ul.i theo tM 1~. uity. Tnc but uhit trai 11hili ky ·van-l'!' n<)' hay <'.olm co ru(lng dat phai dim tri~.t-dC. Ki?. nito, tig(ty. diiri cm1i hay. u6u dau,. dung 'nhfrng nghi 1~ trlo.i phep, (nhtr. !~hong c6 ]1bthn tu·&c ina dung yling, lgng, righi tirqng.,:) se ,bj nghieU1 trj. . .

·~ . . . . . _ .. N6i t6in l:,ti, ht(lt.ph(,p c~iig 1nl{ll' t\tc 1~. dii iJili: djuh h.inh

:., . . thtre·gia tht\ .rfit tr<;>ng th~, tl*o}inh tM,} Me kiitli di~u cit'c.i\a · · Tau .. Nhan djp ~t'r Mnll cue ~i:Airi 1~ m\y, dan' chilng con thn·o'ng

... ~.

" .· ··;~,:/::.:.. . . . '

... ,.·:1 67. . '

·-::~·x) ·· ...

. :-.......

<lua nhr.u kh<ie gi1lu ";mg tlofv&ihling hiht thAn lhu¢c ;·vi vi).y iltriti tril!u L~ cling nhtr tri<:u Nguy~ri, ntit lam lu~t ali ph>ii nhieu Jan ban lu\nh c:ttc hu}t 1~: ca"1n ca'tc .•nr xa !d hoi_ic ~itng nghi trn·Q"ng trili pb6p.

0

1.- CAU HOI:

x.- I-linlz tln!·c z.i! ~.f!n.'z llfJn n·ong lu{it f!Jng J)kc:,: kltdc v&i s{r qui Jfnl! ctia iu{1t nh?l f)rrlrng nlm: tlii? nlto f

2.- Sv: ciim i!oan eli/ phflc -giao. hOn trong lzr~t Gia Long.

3.- Sv: qui iljnh lilnh tltkc illnh llr.lz bling phUc bqo hOn thu:; tzr tr&-c, hay Sl.r n[lp sinh tlti trong llj'; lu!)t Gia Long.

· 4·- fJi'eu ld#n v~ n~J· dung cUa srr ttlnlz laJn.

s.-:- Hi~ill{rc ci:a w <1inh hOn trong ln{it nllii Lava nha Ngttyin.

6.- Nglii ·li girl tlul, theo lu{it nllil L~, gom c6 nhz7·ng li gl?

7.- . C&c trn:?Yng luyp ci1m ilodn nao trong C6 lu(!t knong dem ·l¢ S(r

·tiezi huy_ cia thu ? ..

8.- Trang tru:img h(l'p gia thU bj ·hzly_ btl, .hi~ll· lire czla'. sv: ph(!n d}' b&t d/1;, tlr ngcly nclo ?

9·.- Diln clu'mg gia thti Tiling ccl~h nao ?

ro.- Co tM diln cMmg gicl thU bii.;zg S'f song chung nlzcr. vp- chong kMng?

' . . it- Tl~U I.U~N :··

' _I.- fJi~ll kifn Va /tifu./!I~t czJa S{l'. ili11h hUn tr-;ng C~ lu~t • .' . -.;f.· .. (ChUy: fJ<l nay gonz,cac cliu hOi tir r.ilfn 6.) . , ···: .

. ; • ....:. N glzi ·ll_cia thU va .itr d,Iiz ch!rne.citi thu irong ca Iri~. ·· . . . . <.: .- £ .. (qu y ·, f)i1 tu( .. t"ng hp']J gilm ;cic cait l10i 6/ g,,IO . . · tren day). . . ·';

~;~c;~ii£\01;;,~;:;;:~;~~~:;;~~~,;,~~~J

.-..

I I

BlU TllU' 1'{./L"vf; TTTi'o~T T ........... .....,.,. .... • ,....,.. r -~~~;-J..U~U ~y V,\JUll. \..l'l~ .L!"iU

PI-IAN CIIUO'NG 7110' HAI ... '1 ., r - •

. Hl!W UJC Cl!IJ>. GIA 1'Hi.J : • •

CAC NGHiA-VV PHU-PHl}

Hieu ll;rc cita gi>'t lhti ~6 ti11l dU'q·c nghi<;n ctm v~ hai phtwng di~n : · ·

l. Cac. nghia vu I?hu ph\1 gifra hai VQ' chong : ' .

2 .. ·Chf d¢ tiri sal" cua hai V<f chong hay eM d(J hon mi.n;

.. · Trong phitn clmo•ng nay, chi him· den nghia V\t.phu ph1.1 . . Cbe tl¢ h6u ·~i'ID se dn'Q'C philo tich' trong ~t phun khilc' vl thu(fc vao. chU'o·ng. trinh ni:im tlnr ba cir nhitu, . ·

I ,

· Trong khi.16n kho plm h¢ che, gi<! tl.nl_IC di nhiilu· danh .. cho 'ngtiii'i ~hOng ln\ch nhi¢m va cue ~~~~~:fa l~i ci:m 'nguiYi gia tru·lmg, hay chit gia tlinh, Theo rjuan.'ni~m Khang ghio, pgm'>'i ph\11iii· ki~u tnfiu'kh6}Jg nhfrng phiii !'6 M1 hi· <lirc.(c6ng, dung, ilg6D;-Iiiirili); G6n hict tiln (t'Qiig nguyen tuc tam, tOng: «T,ti gin·. 'tongjiln.i xi1at.giidong plm, phn tir tong t{r, (0' nM theo cha, lay chClng lheo chCln.g, chong eM< theo con). · ·

Tuy nhien, ngm)'i dan bit Vi¢t Nam m(Jl khi btr6·c chan : ve nha· cho,ng, kh6ng _phi\i hoa11 . taim I~ Um<;ic vito chong vit ·mat Mt.quyen l9·i. Quy eM philp I)• cim ngtril'i vg. lt·oug gia dinl1 Vi~t Nam tMt Ia Hi nhj, kl1ien c!.t,c ~u:).l gia_.Tily plnro·ng . ~:I:lll'(Jng khQi1g · hillu . tl!Uu <ltntc va <lit' dcra:ra ·nhfrng ·l{et JuQ.n safl1lm.· ........ -· .... ··

Kh6~g hi~n ro ti~h than <Jij.c -bi~t cua cb luQ.t. vi~t Nam

. ... ..: ...

o'~ 'N ·•. :· .: ... .. ·.·

,/.=\ d:'tnh cho ngn·Oi V(J" vU ngll"lti nJ~ mc)l (1!n · vJ xltng t1~lng lroug gia <llnli; nhieu lm).t gin ngo~i quuc, vi bj huyiTn ho~c lrmi·c vi:n tlu\·c m<~nh me ·v,i di\c <1ao cim ngttyeu tile tum tong, <hl tmi·ng lnm r~ng· ugrrlri ph\! nii· Vi¢1 Nnm bj d>.to l!t'rc vit l\lc-· ll}. ldi5w tt"Ju lrong vOng n1Qt tr~wg tlHU vo uting lt!c vinh cll-u vi· wilt did !tic nlto 'cling phlti lc thn(>c vito elm, .vao chong ho~c V>lo. cou. Chinh qnnn ni~m sai J1l!n nl•y <lit khiih1 ba b(> Dan

.• ln\tl Bl.\c 1931, Ditn.lu~l Trung .1 u:lu-30 va Dau h1~t giiin yC'u 18R3 <Hi du nMp vito troug dju h:.tt p1u1p ln~l ct}n kim ly thuyet liii U1oi ci\.n. 'fl\y phtrO'ng coi U!{t.r<ri d>\n hit co d>1lng qlm mfit. I1~t il~ng h_r<; cltm sq:, liun vi~e gl t;liug pb;li c6 phCp elm chOng

· . miri hfi'1t hi~':q.

S~r Un.rc, t1l. clnl·c gin diuh i!t ntr<h: ta, mile. dan the<> .phu M chl", dft danh cho ngtriri V<r m<)t <'l!n vj quan tr~mg, ngnng hltng vM ngtri>'i chClng, va l>)O J,lp cho c•l hni vg· c)lllng uhfrng nghia vo hoijc tu·Ong 110, l1oljc riCng bi,~t. CliO tnOi 11gu·Oi, d~ gii'i: .virng nen Lltng· cUa gin dlnh.

Nhii·ng ngh!a ·w n;\y khong .dtrqc xac d!nh trong :cac J:i<) ln<ll eli c1ia ta m\)t.each minh .thi; dieu 1fy cfing d~ hi~u vi linh

· thlin KJJ'ilng gino, .qua ha·o nhieu lM ky, da !ham nhu!in eac: tllog l&p :'it h<)i m(>t each snu rr)ng, vlt him cho UH?f ngrril'i den

. th1iu'.l!ii'ln ughia V\1 ·ci\.a minh trong gia dinh. Theni vao sg giao hi1ffn r:ay, t\lC l<) ell trny~n ·hi kim-chl-nam !non lui'm chi. dlin. cm1 dtrimg plul.i noi theo dl! l:'iln tr6n cac nghia V\1 phu: p~~~. · ml!c dilu h·ong h1~l khong he i:Jhuc t&i. Nha lam lu*t chi .. cau

· thi¢p khi nao c6 nhfrng st.r. vi ph,un vi>Cl cite nghia V\1 ny. N:6i kMc, ldli cie c~p 't&i cite nghin Vtl nay 'dtr&i hlnh tlnrc t~·l'r~g pho::t .c,\c StF ~~ ph1,1m; nl!A h\m lu(lt ciing m(lc uhiel). cling nh(\n nhii·ng nghiu V\t 'plni ph\1 clo Khong giao v!J. l\lC 1~ cl'l.trny~n dlJl ra nhtr : nghia V\1 ;dong ·ctr, .ngh;ia V\1 plui i!"Q', nghYa· V\1 ·

truug'l~11tnl;, nghia Vl.ll~ng phn: · · · · ··. : . .. :,-.':.,-::. .. ·.. . . : . : :.:J~ . ·.

M~c ·.alln hliu ~et ·l?ac .nghia V\1 ·uai tr8u cilng dtrQ'C lnut ·, < .': : pi!Rp hi~n d>).i nhl n nhOn, nlnrng cite. ngh'ia V\1 1(y c6 njli~u s~c · ·.: ,. tliiti dijc hi~t trong .co lu~t. Lllnlir<;tl trongyhfti1 clmqng.n~{se, · ·~

.~ .. bitu den : ~. . · : ..... · .. , ·. ·. . ... .. ·: .;~·~·;'·.! ... ~ ' : ...... .

:_j:~~[t~;-~t~::;;:{~~,;~J;·2~', :;i~,~~~i~:i~~;~~:)L~~:·;;i;_~i;fi~~~~1~

•

Nghia-v~1 d{lng-cu·,

- Nghi~-Vt.t phit-trq·,

- Ngliia-V\l hung thanh,

Nghia-V\1 (dqng-plm».

BO.(I.N THU NHJ.T

NGHTA-VU a0NG-Cl! .

, Ngh'ia-vu dOng-eo· tuy c6 tlnh cl1ch tuo·ng--.hfi, nlHl'llti quan trQug ho·n UOi v6'i. ugu-Cri .VCJ', vi thc_o pl11.1-h¢-ch~~' ngti'()'i VI}' phili ve o· nhit chong. Nlur. ngm'>'i ta llnrirng noi, khi xuiit gia, ngrroi diw ha r<'>'i nha mirth va nh(lp vao gia: <1inh ch{lng. Song. ·m(>t doi kh,i, nguyen U\C nay ciing co m(>t lrU:l~ : do Ia trtrimg hgp bitt r~ hay 0· giH ·r~.

I .an hr<)'l, chtlng ta se xet iuii. khia Cl).nh cua van de nghia ,i·~ . t '> '>. ~

Vl,l uOn-g CiL Va l,LC 0' gU'l re.

. .i\.-Nghla "'II dllng elY d6i' vM V<f choog trong tn.rG-ng h7i!' th&ng lhiY<I'ng •

. Sau Jl); nghinh han hay t16n dil.u, · ngtrlri dim M phiii ve · iY \iiri chong', hayn6i cho dting lwn, '·h·ong gia dlnh nhit ch1lng,

.. Vi trong xa hQi ell', VQ' cbong tlmo·ng Vfrn song Chung VO'i cha .ffi~ trong khu6n kh1l d•.li gia · dlnh. NliU'ng di! cha nw chl3ug

: cho phCp v.Q· chOpg m6·i ctrO·i ra 0· riCpg, ciing khUng hC c6 vUu d,~ ·kh6 khlin ve cbuy¢tl chQn err· sii· lHin nluin nhti trong. Dan· h1~t ci:m At\-My .. C.h<'/. & bno gio·· ·cuug do chong ph9n. Theo di~u thu·sau troug 2•1:dien giao h6a cim vmt Lc-Th{qth-Ton, <«tim bit c610i mit cha· me{ cMng va nha ch.oug dii lrirng trj 'thl nen·phiii sita niinh ·aM loi, kh(\ng clm;rc h:r li~ri Iron di lam hn· milt ·net .dan biJ.,;, · ·

. .... Bien thir· mtr(ri trong cit<~· c1ieu gil1o h6a .'ifY · con .. bat cha · :m<;l '¥9'. p1lai'chji1 .. tr{td~ nhi¢in .ve .himh vi cita .coi1 gui miJc dan

· · · .. iia ve.nha. chong: «P dim hil. ph:l.i theo clillng, · khOng du·ac . -· . '. . .. . . . ·,· .

. · .. ,. .. .. -~· . .

~t~\~-4:-;}:~;:: .. ·;/.~~~~: ... ... ·sx:;;t~.-:- ·>·· .. . •. . ...... - -'

.·.

c:)y elm nw plu\ qu:Y. mitlrhiuh chong, uiin kltong nlnr the, th1 h~t t(li tli!u cha ruq».

Lg dt nhien, v&i quan ni(\m ~y, nlul lclm 111(11 ctii d;r liqu ni>ihlf/ t.iuh ph(ll nghiBm khtic iloi vM. nmrM arln bel ,t/i bel nhri· chbn!J ram. Theo c1icu ·321.HB: Vg ho(i.: t!,icp thi¢n tien bo <:hit.cllOng ili, pMi t(>i dllliun :my th1fl tS·: hii di malay chong lrhitc, ph:H tc}i .eli" lam tltuug thnt ty, ngrrl>i . vg vi>.. gin san phil{ tra. ,,(l chong cu. Ngu·oi lay sau, tri tinh mil. cu lay thi phlii f.<)i do.; lrltoug trf tir.h khOng phlii t(>i». ·

i .. u(\t tHn-Long, l1·cmg <lieu 108, cung ph:)l.· ngtrcri dan hi>. trOn nlu't chOng 100 h'lrQ·ng : n£:n nhlln h·titl HtA c:li giR, plui.i l<)i giiio giam IH~n. C!tcp. tlleo dting nguyt\u viin lui;it nita Tha.nh, c1ien '!OS Gia Long con djnh ritng ngtriti chllng c6 quyl!n ltiy y ga hay Mn ngtroi vv· du bii uhit cho ngn·iri kh:l.c. KhOng phu h<?'P v6-i phung htc cim ta, S\1" qui djnh JJ:\y chi JA m(>t <'lieu lthQan rieng hi~t trong c1l Iu~t Miin-Thanh ma b(> Jui;i! Gin-Long tlli ehep h:tl mil !Mi.

1'1111 nhien, khiJng pMi chi rieng .c6 n:wM IJQ' pMi tOn lrQng . It;Jhla t•(t llon!f err. N!fl!ia . V(l. ]l(ig Cling gitill!J bu(ic ca ngtrM chon!/. Tl•co dii'lu i!OS HJ;) : ·«Phitm chOng dli bci lti·ng vq· 5 thhng · .

. !thOng ui l(ti, V<?' UU"Q'C . trinh v6-:i quan sa ll)i va xii quau lam. r.hirng : ngu-01 chong .~ hi mnt VQ" (!hnt ky the). Ni!u vg dii co con, lhl clw h(lll m(>t nlim .. Nl'!it ngu.;>·i . chllug vi viec qunn pluli ui xu, lt]1ong ap chmg hJ:).I. nay», Nlnr vf).y, nhil. lam lu;lt· Hllug-El•i·c da !rtrng ph\11· rut nghi~m khl'ic ugu·M chOng v~ t¢i bci phe gia diuh. ·. : · · . · · I -

L~ 2 .trm1g dil!tt·. 10.8 Gia~Lo~g dt:r . .Il~u. J:1iug n€n ngtrO:i .. ch(hiif"m[(t tichuoi.(c hi\ tron.ha.niii\~ kh6pg Ve, ngu·o'i VCf OLrQ"C phcp .trinh qqan xiu phep cui giit; nhlj.. VQ" khOng pbai 110im1:;ti .. : cite "di:l .. sluh Iii. - · ." ·. ·

N6i 16m !~i, ugh in V\t .d~rig Ctr• air. jJM.t sinh J:a• nghia V\1 ....

ril\ng.bW clili v6-i ca. hai vg chllng; ·kh<Jng:ai du'gc xAm 'pi\IJ.m · ·: vi trtii v<i'im\lc.<llch c~a gill tltt\. Ngoai ,~;s:g;thi.J!Ahll.I~g_!!i!l_:: · .:· Vl.l til!zl[J t:ll' COll neu Jen m<}t v_lin ,ile.ItM /;Mn. kl.zM .. !tdi:v.ir!,~i.c_ ... ·:· .. ·,,

. · 72 · .: · . . . . ....... ~< _. ;-.,,_.· . ,:.<<(;;,·~~;;~ r:~.c "/;~:;i::~.:)~;:~:,;;:r -~·.::.:~··,:··:-:... ::·::-.:·-: 't. ... . . • . . ,1·- •••

•

r::

IIIII

ngn·o·z vQ' lzay tide llzii.:p. C:ic ugn·C:l'i nay cO' du-q(· .. Q· ctmg h·ong gin llinh v6·i ngu·Cri \rq· cit kh6ng ? Trong hl<)t lJ.Ong-1-"Jt'rc ci1ng nlur iJ·ong Ju(tt Gia-Long khong c6 lti~.u n:w qui ujuh van de m\y tn;rc tl<ip. Tuy nhi(\n cii hai Jl¢ lu;il deu triwg p!''.ll tn:-lmg ,'lqp ld.h8 iltiGp ihiit tlp>, ngh~i a l~t liun r6i lo~m tn)t h)' ·giU·a vg cii va vgle. Nh U:ng <!illu khoiin lien qunn den s~· vj ph(un v1\o !r(t! h;r 11!\)' UU giim tiep . XUC lllll}ll lit VQ' ca Vit V()" Je Citng a clmng rn¢l nhit : vt't do cling h\ giai pliltp phit liq·p -.6-i quan ni~m gia dinh theo ph\i M che. H<rn nii·a, trori'g' liri chi't thich dihu 90 Gia-Long, nh~t Unn ltu.)t tri~u _Ngny8i:t d5'. (1!nh rO din- v! tren tltriri cim V<.,r c:i, vq· Je trong .gia clinh. «Th~ gi8, te dih, ngn·Cri VQ' cit ngnng hAng vO·i ngu·Cd _e.h'Ong : (<thiep gilt, Lit!p dii, ti~n hu·u plu)u, : ngtr<'i·i ·Vr;t Hi la ngu·M duv.c ti<~p nh~n ft·ong gia dinh, c6 than ph~n lien kcm (1). Buy ciiug lhe!n m(lt b1ing chti·ng nfra d~ cluing to ngm'ri. vq· le cling-~ chung v6i ngu~i VQ' c3,. .

. Tuy nhitln, !heo 1\lc I~, ncu lthi c6 3l,l' bitt h6a giU'a . Vf)' ca vit Y<f Je, ngu·iri ·. vq· ](; c6 lh~ clit·(rc cli(Jng cho o· ricng, . nhll'ilg_ him tho· t<i tie!ll:Jao gill' cilng de o· lrong gia dinl1, noi VQ' ctl & . v6·i ch\Jng, vii c6 le vi vf)y t11i co nhii'ng danh hi· .ohlnh thiit, thU: thi(t de phi\n bi~t no·i V<)' ca vit YQ' IC. o·. . . . ,. . ·. . .. . .

' B.- T ..,c b~1 ri\.

Trt!n d:\y, chttng. ta dii n6i hi !heo quan ni~m ph\1· hoi\ ci1e ngu·Q-i vg.phii.i ve o· ·nhit chtlng. Tuy nhiim, trong .viU .tnr~~ng hi;>·p d~c l:!i¢1, trong xa h¢i eli cua ta cun·g c6 tuc gi\:i rl! hay h~t · ~it Khi cha n1~ .. VQ' kMng co con h:ai, chi c6 'm¢l' con· gui;-·clia· · · lll~ VQ' tJnrirng de COil re ve 0' cliung b·ong nom ph\Wg dtrii·ng tl1ay con .frai. M¢t doi khi, nha gili ciing hut o· gll-j r~ .trong m(>t thil'i gian dt\ cho co them ngll'<'l'i l:im, m~c .dau co.n gai .·'!<hOng phai Ia cqn 1~¢!. ·'1.\li m¢t ·viti no·i co .1\IC o• · giH re- de·t(lay. cho. viec n\lp sinh 1~. nen nha ·vo· bttt phiii: llun r~ trong it lini. . _.:

!>IJ thij:c, !l,Ic n;ty bil.t nguon 6· c~·t\lc. Tni~g Ho~ ··.~~~· . <ir::., :: :. dirge m{lt so it giri' dinh· trong. lllfO'C hili chiro·c: Trir<Yng ·hgp. 6;: -

• • • - ' • . ...... 7"': ; • : • • • • ' ••

;__....;,._.:..,...:,;__ ...

{x) .f<. i. 'If ~, ~ -t >lk ~, n!i; 'ff. "'". · ..

·:-=: :,_ . \ ....

. . . .- .... . + ):2:~:-t~;;~;{~ ~~};&~:.:::~:~: ~-· .. :·~ ~)~:-~~~-~'~-:,_~·--. •. : .. ..-:; ...:. .•.·· . -....... -

g\ri r~ tlnril'Dg hi ngu·M ta dam lieu, nhift lit chang r~ ' ngheq mil ngu·b'f ta c.M cub'i cho ~!ing vi- tham giau m~ 11iy- vg._: :

· Trang lich si'r .'Trung-Hoa, ngtrlri o· gi\-i r1l dan lien; co Je 'Ia vua''Thuan, lay con giti vua Nghil\u, 20.000 nlhn trii&c ky nguyen (1). T~1c ·giH 'r1! c6-IC kha· dtrQ'C thOng d~mg .·trbng xii · h(>i Trnng-Ho.a; du6i nhieu hinh tlui·c mil. ta ··con . th1iy ton t1,1.i trong lu~t Miin-Tpanh, va san nay b¢ lu~t Gia-Long da ·chep .ll).i. · ' · ..

'Ridng lri{ll: nhti. u c_oi. I(IC . gii:i r~ trai . v&i p!(ong'. titc cria iir. The,iJ ·m(it J~nh chep trong· Hong-Bti·c Thi~n c!1iuh.thu: ·«N~u nhit frai <Iii theo 1~ cti:&i, dua dtt dO. sinh 1~, thl den

·. ·_n.gity nghenh han (d6n dan) phai cho con gai vl:. nhlt -chong· · . . khOng UU'Q'C eel gilr l\!C cii, b~t trc ngu·li·i con trai plul.i &. r1l .

· Mt haJiiim.m6-i.cho con'g>'d.ve nh!J. chong. B6 Ill ·t\H:i I~ phRi . :o· ril- ciht nha Toln, l~h6ng dugc noi · theo, trai l¢nh nay sc : ·chie~ Ju~t tri l(>i» . ('). L~nh nay da V(I.Ch ro cho . ta hiet

.. m(lt· dicu rat qui : d6 lit thiri h;in a gi'ri r1! thU'iYng Ia . . ha riam. .. · · .. : , -

' :. _i~_aill).i, lri(!i Gia-iang aa qui ufnh nM!u· trrier~g hif~ . ~ . gi!,i'i:~ .. nhrr1rigl 'ilfan:..TJzarih.:·NgtriYi con re, · trong' trtf/ing'ligp .nay g()i Iii C!Jn~-te :Iii· --1~ (chit~ · citi bu&n o· ell ; te · 'cim'i·~; · y niu6n _n6i con r~ song bam vito nhit vq·)._ .

, . \l) TruoilghQ~. thong -thu·b·u·g ~h1it lit sl)' «'chien_ iii_, drru·ng.: _,: ·' .. /iio)>. ('}'diwc qtli .dinh : lrong l¢nh .3.''t!iilu 9-1 QL,- Khi' cha m~ ..

_: · .. , nhiJ. VQ'~: kholl'g c6 ~011 trai, tJmimg. m/ri c)u'tni(r~; Cr gtti d1J : ·. : · ·. t~ong, no in ti~l\i _giil. Tuy nhicn, h'ong b1\t lu:)l tnro·ng hQ:P nito . ·

.... ngu-iii r1l · ciing. kh6ng. th~ c'l:u·<?·c ch9n h\m l(lp ll;l', lU1i ch::t ni.¢ VQ' .. . 'c!let,. ngtroi t¢c. !rtri'l'ng . bCn nhit _VQ' phai ChQn ngu·.(>'i ·_thirn tg:

. ''d1l ph1mg ti).- -nluf. Ilti).l i.!jnh: . · ' ::b):Tr;img'llQ'P. (<llghT~._te" '(4) Iii ngti:ll'i-re ngheo·, dugc . . .·· .. :··. ·· ..

' - .. .-: ~-(I) 'Xcin: t!oQn n6i vii. Sl! ll'ng thll~ cua: c!za in9 trong _J!ia ~~~ !lirr9'ng diin: · (z} .f/iing-Dii'c Tlziin-chfhh-thll', ilogn Ioo1 trang 47• · ·

... hJ·~{\,:.!;j- -il.- ,t (miri re dli trong nom vi?c.d~rifng liio).

.... (4), '*- ·~·.· . . . . ~

.. ;.··

-:·· . .,. ....... ·- . . .

. . ,;;;,,:,;:_ .-. ._

.. -: .. •' ., .. . :~ ; ·. :

. ·: ~:~ ~-:~~:{i~;:~;~~~~~-~-~1~~

•

;

' -

II II

ella rn<; V9' nuCJi nlur {'nn nnUi dl ng dtrqc qni dfnh 1rong lt; lr ctiCu 76 GL. NC:u ngutri gtb r6 du·o·c ]Jfi nlf; Y.9'.' qui lrQng ~hl ngtrGi'nao ..:1.u·9·c H;.p i.~r khdn~! the duCii tlg1rit'i ~Jg.~ia te di dU'Q'C va :ogu·CI'i nhy cling <"i:rlfe htrO·ng mOt philn gi:.t Lhi.

e) Tnr{tng J19'P t)· glri r~ ilnl: ba li1. nhfl·ny llrfll'(ti r(! rl- lti.m ui~c · t~d 'nhit cha 111~ Y(t (H!. Hly ~ong frfr vito nhiJ:ng phi i6u. trong vit;c cu·o·i xill mit hQ kht)og Jo li~Ll rlll'\)'C, .

Theo l~ 3 tJ·ong ilten g,t GL. !rong tf(t r:i't Ciic lrtrcmg hgp a .vfi'i r~, nh;i vo· phiH nhl)' ngu·t)'i Infii h'un Dh)t khC aCre ghi rO ]it ~gtrc">·i rd piJUi ll'oug nom ;IJ.. dtrO·ng Hio dw nl\'! vry,' hoijc piuU iY gii-i re trollg bao uhieu nam. Nen ·dw Hlf; nhit trai chi co m(>t con lrai, ng1r6'i nity kh6ng rltn;rc phep gil:i rll. Dliu sao nhu· dien 7G GL <Iii iiu clinh, khong han git'r c6 lh~ ch9u d1r9·c ngtrCtf r~ lam ngtrC>'i l{lp-tt:r cho cha 111~ vg. Gha vg phhi chQn ugm)·i trong l19 d~ gino che nhi(\m V\l thi:ru-l>,r. Ngtril'i <lu·q·c J~p ll.r va ugtrCd gOi re du·qc cilia uhnu gin h\1. NCu ngu·Cd cha VQ'

khong chqn ngm)·i J,\p-t,_r tnro·c klli m~nh m(>l, c:ic ton thu(lc trong gia Uiuh ph1li chqn ngu·iri l(tp h;r tJ·ong hQ .

. Bieu 07 G.L di( qni djuh minh thj hi¢n ltyc c1m to· khil' u·6·c gi'ri I'~~ M¢t kl;i con trai rlfi den-lam re l(li nhit VQ', d~u J& gia~thli

.. chrra dwgc en· hilnh, nha giti ciing khong dm;rc gi\ con gai cho. ngmYi kh!ic, hoijc gqi ngu·&i khac ·itiin. him r~. N~h lrhOng tuan J~nh·se. phiti ph~t 100 trtrQ·ng_. Ke tri-tinli· mit lify sau_cfirlgdllng t(li. Ng1rM con gtli piul.i tri\· ve v6'i chlJng tnr&c vit ngn·oi .n!ty ld.tong phai o· gtH rli uii-a, du·gc ra _i\· rieng; Cite (!(l slnh-Jii Ciia. · dam cn·oi san phai hi tjch !hn snug cong. . ..

Cac (lien khoan iroug ln:;\t Gin-Long vll Jrh~ u·<rc o· gU:i · rl! clen mrrq·n nguyen van troug lu:H nhit Thanh. Sl,t tln;rc,. o·· mrcrc ta ngity frt!'<'rc cihig co l\lc g1ri r~. song the·o ·(tic 1~, dtl. Ja S!J' gino tro·c gifra. hni h<i, kh6ng c11n phai i>hUUitm khe m'rc. Vii l')i nhfrug tmo·ng hq·p. a gil'i rc l(li nhit vg ciing hi em, vi ngtr6i c~n

. trai thtr6'ng khong mui'in maug ~ieng ph_ili ii.n nho· nl~a vq:.' . . . '-:Ngolii_ ra trimg l\lC I~ Clla ta, cling khong co t~rrlntd' .hip . . ngh'ia te,"col r~ uhir con uni>i. Gi.i\i qap eau hoi· 12'!; \U13C\'AL: '· · .. dli- cho bi<H ri'Uy do t;;d sao ngtro'i' r~ khOng tb~ dn·q·c Db (ln. iaili :_; .

',. :· c'oii nu.!>i. N~u nh;).ii d<i·Q-c' tn· each 9011 ';IUOi, t.heo U.B.c,v.A;L;. :;',, ~<:~' ~ ·:· ,··· . . :·._.:_,::::·:>;{?;~~;1*:~ ~~:f~i~~;f;:~>~~*-~~ift?~::~:-):,~·.:~~< ~ . ·.·~ ···:· ~.\ .. ; ::

\ I

: nguqi r~ se dmyc coi nhu i:o.n cua cha m(l.VQ·, va nlnr .V~Y se . Ia ai\h em doi vo·i vg; ttieu do Ia m(>t sl).' h<ti Iuun. Cati giai dap ·uay .ciing d(lng thOi.vl.lch ro· Iy do l~,ti sao ngtrb'i rtl !<hOng th1l dtrgc I~p tt;r. Ve Bi~u Jd¢n J?ll6i nghia ti'r hay con nuOi, xem' cllll'o'Dg : ll),p ltr lt'ong thien ban ve.cac van dil thira ke. . :

Can giaf d•\p tren dfty cua U.B.C.V.A.L .. Ja m(>t.tai li¢u· rat ·qui ·ve lttC 1~ giH r1! il· Vi~t Nam. KhOug: ·nhii:ng t\tC nay khong duvc nhil Jam lu:).t-plu\p ·trieu:L~ nhlu nh;).ti; mit tuc

Ol~ciing chi·ch1[p n!Ji).n m(>t·cach rat d~ di,H. Cite lt•trq·ng hqp - ?t gir~ r~·trorig thl).'c·tll rat hiem ; ho·n nii·a, t\tc Ie con !thong .

chap nl11~n hinh tJni·c.nghia te,,coi Vi<!C nay nlm trid VO'! Juan ° .fhtrimg. Xem nhu vf).y, 1\tC)~ cim. ta · nghiem khiic han Jul).t I~

·0-=~u!l :.r:ru~g~ioa nh~eu .

. . BOA.N THU HAl

NGHTA7VY ·PHD. TI!.Q' ·~. ·.. . . ··~· .

.. . Tuy trong Ju~i kliong ·. n6i t&i, · nhrrng nghia-V\t 0

• pl!,u~trg · c6 t!nh each bi:ang-M dl5i v6·i hai vg chong. V.6i quan .ni~m · ··gin dinh theo. phu-h¢-cM, d•\nh fritch nhiem chi,- gia :mnh cho· · p·gtr(Yi ch<5ng, lC di:nhiCn, Jlghiri-VTJ _phii-lrQ·, h·ong tr.ttO·ng hQ'p_ J]}ong··l)mimg, ·<Io ngu·i>i chong phili uilm dtro·ng hanlit.ngrrb'ivq .

.. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .: .. ·; · ·Nlu1·n[r tr·u·(mg hQ-p 'nglr&i ch/J~g ·lui ph'e , gia· mni;_ bi lrt'rlig

· :ph(ll righiem ngl.il nht(ia ali biet tmng Jzai bg· lwj.l}loniJ 8U:c va •Gia Long.· KhOng nhii·ng h\ Sl): .vi ph"'mvito ngh'ia-V\l·uong-crr, .

. · cac 8.1).' id¢n nay .~ plu.mi.. viio .nghia V\l .phll ·trg, Ctrll maiJg VQ'' ., · · va cite con trong gin, dfnh. · · . .

.· ... ·

· · · · · Tr~rig xa h9i ~ii 1Ti4t"Na~;; .vai ira ctia_.n(Jtrid v9: ·ciJ.;q~}cMpg :. Ici!.rn p/tan quan lrpng. v~: .plm'o·ng. c·diij~ itrcmg .11'9' giti·(( haiv9- . · clt(jng. Trong JJa .tnrll'Dg hQ'p .. «tam )lat lditi·n citm· hi\ · v·cj-;

0 tt'it:b'tig

·:·hQ'P thir hai dii·.·tihiin 111\lllir·vao .sl).'· d6ng·. g6p · ·c.tm ongirq·I VQ' irong gia dlnh : · «Tien.h!tn-ti\\n, hi).u phtl-qu)'ii .:: Khi .Jay .tilj&'u · ·

. · nghep,_ ve _sau · vg chODg. giilu c,o, thl- }thp_ng ~uie. 1)~~ ·_dtt9'<? . · . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . . : .· ·: _: .... :·:·: ·:··:".. . . ' .

'.~ .. 16 ... ·." -· · ....... .... _·:::";o, ...• ·:·::-·.· .. ~.·_,·',·o·_o·o·'-··.··.·.',·.-·~-~.~:-o'·.·,--0.·.····_0···.,· ... ·0·.·0 . . : •.. ··.,,·.·0 •. .. . • :; -. . ' . .. • • . . .... : ... ·: •• ·. :. ;· ...... - ·"" - - . .• ,.. . .-·. ·;. . ,.-~···'·00.·.·_;.:=~ :o.:.'.:'.·.·.o··.~o·-~0.,0.-.~-.... ' .. :::·:·.·~; .· ... .-~-~- ·-.:::~_;;-. .-·::-;....... ... --

II HI

nhau (i); ··Nhrr V!~y uhU lam ln~J t!.t\ rn~~c ·nbic:n <:;Oug uh(!.n rling .trong cOngvt~c :xli.y d~;~·ng gin dinh lt'i!n ni:!n r~lng tt~·u·ng f:rq·, ph~n ci1n Dgtriri VQ' ci1ng ngnng phirn <:itn. ch (3ng.

. Troucr th~C itf, trojJf:! nhH.!u rtin dlnh. n~nrO·i vo· !.o lt~lU au b • .... v ..... .

huOn tau J:8 cO iiGn chi-phi nlu}l-d~Ing,. dclnh cho ngu·\ri chOng CO' h<)i thu~n til)n _lin hqc, dill miti kinh sir. ·

e<Quanh n(im [11!011 bwz' o· btln song; N11M it1rr;rc niim con.vM m(Jt clzlJ;z(pi.

'l'rong Mi tllO" Mt Ju) m\y, TJ"lln-i~··Xmrng d1i mii'.iz tiz rUt lhing vo.i trO ci'ta ngtrb'i vg, nh~it- lit ve p~ltro·ng· d.i~n uglily. v~t phiz h·9· h·ong .gia dinh Vi¢t Num.

'·

.. EJO;JN Tfi(J BA .

. NGHTA VV TRUNG tHANH . . .

. Trai v6i hai nghia-V\I d<Jng-czr va phil-\to/r} ail plu\l ·sizili nhil·ng nghia-V~I gilhzg-bu(>c ca hai VQ' ch<Jng, ngllia-vzJ !rung thanh chl. tluic bu(>c ricng c6 ngu·o·i VQ". !thong 11hirng cong 1 nhl}n cho ngzr<'>"i'<ihqizg du·qc 11ty·V9' c-1 (!M) Viz vq· tlnr (thi<lp), · I

dHu~t· conl<hOng h,zn ~M so vrr thu· ; ugoai ra t\IC ii) con. thira nh~n cho ngzr<>:i chong, dzrqc. lily them cilc nltng hiizi, !~hOng clin. czrM xin nhtr 'doi v6i .c•ic vrr Je.

. . . ·Vi v~y.·ngu·oi chC>ng l<hilngphai to.n 'trQng nghia-v\t tru.ng· ,·:

th:\nh !rang giiz-thiz. Tr:l.i'J~i, doi v6'i ngri:<'ri v'Q" •. ,b1it-.lu:)u '11\."vq ca, v9·. Je hay nang han, sz,r vi ph;un vi\.o nghia Y\I.· !rung· tlr:\nh · · ·. · hi nh:l.,laiu lm)t trimg tri ri'it nghicm ngij.t .. Trang dien .JOl HD, · v9· chlnh hay vq· tlu'r thOrig ,gian :Pluii phqt !Qi hrzi, . v;l. <:lieu ' san ph>5.i di'! cho ch<Jng. Luij.t Gia Long (d. 332) ph~t ngzro'i v9· .. th.ong gian cung !iian phn.lOO trirqng vlt cOng nlu)n cho ngzroi. :. ·

. ·chtng qt!)•en dzi·9·c tt\y y ga hay bt\z(vq clio ngzroi ldulc, l,IO~c·. · ·v1in lin & vo·i.ngqo·i vg. Tu'y nhien, nei) ga lian.:cho ginn phu·;·,-·:,

_.:~-- , . , -~ , 'I . ·.·

/; . ' x~".' ~a~.crri's ~~u .n,oi ~~ ·~~~~\-thii v11 ,·1~ dj: . :'"': ~ ·, '·.~· ..... ~; . . . . '~~ ·. ~

~i~~~£~1:,~;~i~~§~;;:'::~;t-. ·.\i;,.,;: ,, ,'. I ·. . - i•, ,~>. \·..: ·,, • ·;'.

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.....

thi ca ngtrlri chClng 111~ gian phu phai Sb LmQ·ng,. ngirlii -vg phai · ly d! va tr& ve blin tOng (nghiida v~ nlu\ chn m~ ·de) ·:. co\c: dCl v~t s!nli I~ hi tjch thu suug cOng. · · . · · .. · . . ·.

Ngoai sv trlrng ph(lt ve Jlllrro·ng di!)n hlnh ~v-; SJ! th(}~g . gian con .Ia -m{lt trong bil.y duy8n c6- «lh!lt xu1lt» · trong c1i-lui).t · ·

.. ,.1; phrr<rng di¢n dan s1:r ('}. . . · •

FJO.tJ,N.TH(l1'U NG.HTA~¥_0. «T6NG-PHU>

. . Theo.I\hong_gi:'to,"ngll·o·i YQ'1.m6·c cMn ve nhit chllng p~i\i .. · thco ch(1ng: «Xuiit~gilt· tong~phil». Song· nghia v,,. tong phu · kh0i1g phni uii. triia\'(JO(ll IigtrOi 'VQ' i1ifft h;et ·ni\ri!J. J'!C _phap ··:ly- .. hay m}it hl!t inQi quyen l9i trong gia din h. 1' nghia· «long plum : clu1ng_ q~1a ciing giiJng 11 nghTa theo cmgrrM gia Lnril-ng" (chef de .

_· .[amillr.) trong lu(lt Au-My.·. B1i h).p gin uinh, thi tloi•.n th~ gia :. ilinh uy, tat nhien ph:l.i c6 m<;>t ngu·M u(li di(,n illrng ilieu khi~n . . Tuy qtian trQng, vai tro . cua ngrriri dillu . khien khOng hi1y 11<'>

: nang 11!~ 9ua'ngrr6·i vQ·.'·Qnii.D..:ni~m nay ciing·uii-Q~c-·chilp, ilh*h . ·.trong ~1Hiii).t, d6i'v6'i ngrro~i w·-·cii ciing nhu· VQ' tlui· .... ·. ·::

. Vi v~;: trong,cb-iu(lt ·Vi~t-Nam ]fl:u)ng c6 Y. ~i~m «ph{, cPi:Y~~;;. '(puissance maritale), nhrr-trong co-lu;).t La-Ma. Bi\11 ch1it dij.c b~~t '·

:· .c\iacnghil!' V\,1· tong phu cfing gild, thJciJ'.cho ·Ia hi~ll dja._:Yi .: CUa :. · . . . ngu-ll'i VQ" trdrig gia, !'linh .vll phrro·ng'di~n plj,IDg II)." .:Va' ~J!.C1fhl '.'

. 'ngll'lri ehll"ng d5i xu tlui biJ,o'.:v6-i vq. . ·: .. : ::_ ...

. i~n i;•it; c\ning .ta se.xe'thai.van d~ :·, ~· .. ·: :::,;:: ··,:-i : ·1:....:. B~n ~i,a:t -dl)c I; iN cua ngh'ia ~\':. t6n:;, i'hu.: · .. : : ' ·: ·. ~ ·. . . . . . . . -, ,,-: ·.. .

·'

· .. 2.- l:I~ qua cua ·nghla V(1 tong phu·. "', . :

. j;·_:_ ·B.:Un ch~t ~9c .bi~t-co~ righT~<~;~~~ phu .. :''/:.: .. _"·:: ·:·: ·- ; . '• .. . . . . . . . . . . ' . .·· . : . . .: .. ;:-· .. ' ,• '. . ~

·· · .. ·. :·:rrong·ngfii 1~: gi·a. thi\, iiili v9· cli(l~g pl,&i ((giao)u,ii;,;: tu~i:.:.Jii : · . . 'v~i .l~y nhau, 'di~m 'nity 'cllU'Dg to. hai VQ' ch<lng ngan'g Mng·nhiiu.-: ' • ' . . ·, . . . . . . . ·. : . . ... •,, . . . . . .

(1). ~~m eh~raiig xu~t-th~ va Iy,dj {h~ d~.n. __ >··.-·.··_·--.~···.· .. : : .· . · .. _··,·.··,·--.~·_,:·:.·_~-~-;_._.:::::·.·,·_-.'_···.:.: •. :~:: __ •. ·_-.:,:,, __ ,_,_·:;:-·_··:-~:·_ .• '··;:~--·.c,·_·_,~:::_ •. : •. :· .. _-.: __ :::··_:_:_.'·.~·•-:·-·,:_···:: .. _,·:_,_·.~-,,·;""·,··::_·_:; .. ·_,'_::_: __ ,·~,.:~---.• _,;~~!;::,;:.i·:L><< .· · .. ·· .:~: . :>t< ;. -~ -- · : · :- · : , -.. :

II I~

Chi rit'!ng dOi vO·i vq th(r, :.l~a v! i'i.y nu)'i thflp kl\,m~ ngu·1)·i vg Uu.f !heo [lJC I~ h·ong hc)n ]~ phi\i l(ly chllng, vlt pMi l>!Y Vf! ca to j tong ph\lC (lJ.Jl.C.\1.A.L. gilti dtip· cfi.ldu)i ;lG).

Trong !u(l! Gi<>-Lone, khi chu thlclr dWu 9li, nha h\m !u~t trH~u N'gnyf;n. dll net~ ::·5 •1!tt ··i cU.a ngtr_6i VQ' c~ trong gia dinh . ngnng hang vv·i ngn·oi chi1ng : The gia te da, v! dir phu d!ch thl! di'hl. Vq ngang Mng v6'i chllng, VQ' cimg viyi chilng Ia hai d6i th1l (ngang nhan) (''). «TM lac Xtl'llg rhu, thi<'p !tic. xtrng gia tru:o·ng» (2) : V<r <1rr9·c ditng danh tu:'«chong,, thit:ip du·q·c dung «gia tru-il·og>l doi viri chl:lng. N6.i khac, dei v&i nguiJi ·<1.\iJ hi< co chOng, C{l'V. lu(_U k1Hitt!f dt.l' li~u pluz qlly(~n (puissance mCu·italt~) nhu· trong cb-!u:)t Ln-M:t lltly trong. lu{tt c:.).n d:.ti ella Phttp, coi ngm)oi <litn hit nhu· y1;u dnoi, ben kem ph>l.i hli.o v~, v!t do d6 ·coi he;> kh<Jng c6 nang lt!c phap !)'· · ·

Trong gia dinh Vi¢1-Nnm ngu-iri vq· cii nr,nng hang v6i c.'hllng .. Van u~ «long phtn> chi lith~ qua cfia t(; chirc gin dinlt pll\t h¢. Gia dluhclln phtli c6 m{>t ugm'>i lam· chi\. doitn lh(\. & VW-Nam ug!ty XU'U ci1ng nlur trong gia dinh An-~!_y hien l(li. Song trlich

· nhi~m va dja v! cim nguiri trll'o·ng gia dlnli. khOng truat dont · nang citi:h plu\p ly ccta ngu·cd dim ba. Ngay doi ~6'i ·ngt~il'i vg· th!X; .phfii gQi chong lit gia trm)·ng, ciing khOng . c6. van d~- phu

· quy~n. niit chi co vati de etta ngu:irl gia ll'll·o·ng dof vil'i c:ic tliiln thn¢c· cling song trong gia. dluh mit !hOi.

Vl nguo·i YQ' d. 0

da du·9·c cqi ngang hang veri 'ngtrirf ch()ng·. nen nguoi chllng khilng tl.tll dao l¢u tr:}t lt;r vq ca, VQ' Hi, lam roi-

. · lo(l.n gin cang .. Chti thlch dillu 9G G.L .. nhau de -lit «lh.e th!lip · tMt tt;r» nhA Iam·lui).t triel) .N!.'JIY~t1.da nh1in m(lnji-la. v·q· · cii Vf! Je lhiln phi)n qui ti~n: kJu\c nhan (qul ti~n lJii·n. ph;jn ; ii· ij~. -'!i '1-) ; il\m roi !O:Jll t.t4t tt,r, kllOug phil.n bi~t .quj !\~n tire ·Ja· . «h¢i lnilu»· (J,f- iii/'), llun trlti:. luiln ·tlnrlmg vit <<ln~t 1~» (l'ff.. #IJ ·,

'ng!Iia Ia bUy bO mat Iii nghia. .. · · , · · :. . . . . . . ..

:. -·· ... ' :

.. ... • ··. ::·.::;)~ .... ~.::,: :7· '::.~

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lclc>;. ~hi).t cl~e d1.r6i · s1i' <lieu khieu ciia chllng, ti·ong c\}ng cnt;JC. xfiy t!_gng gia din h. ·

«V~ t~lla chllng, phal klnli, plul.i run, ch6- ti·iti lo·i chong;. Uri ng1rlri ni~ khuyCn con· gl\i tt·ong Iii nghinh hon diri 'L8, · dung v_&i li>'i d\ly trong ldnh Iii «viing chi nlnr gia, t!l~ 'k!n!J. tilt gi6i vu vi phu tih, dfi t61Il til.t ro ,r~t yiiu chat c1m ngli'ia Yl-' tong·· phu. Vit ciing liO:).Ch ttjnh ro'. nl)i dtmg CUll qnytln 'ngul>'i gia tnn'rng lrong gfa dlnh d). · . _ . · · · ·. .·. ·

. . · Ban cli:!lt ci'm nghia ~~-tong _pqu <l1i <lem h)i ciw ngt~lri v9·

ding ~~1m.11gtroi chong nhilll\ 'ngliia vu .tl(ic hi6t kluiC. · _·-' · · · ·

1i.7 a~·~ q1Jb c:Zsa Ullgh'a'a .. "IJ. tong plm. ..

A..- ·..i~ qua d6i vtri ng~~r ,;.,.1\i); ~6 nghia"V\1 u;~9:~ha~g. nht.rng ngll'Oi v·q·· _c·a vfin ngD.nft .~1iuig _v(ri ngtfOi _chOng .kh_3.c -vCti · cac Y9' tlur. · ·. ..

-S;r pMn bi~t n6i tr8t1·· bat ngulln ngay o· muc tlfch :ttli y~u Clla gilt thu h·ong c1llu~t Ia -phun[t' sty ta ti8n. Ngtrb'i V9' ca c6

· nhi~m V\t · .giup ngtl'oi' chllng trong hi en ·tl).i ·cling nhir trolig. t~ro·ng lai. Vl-v{:.y, nhi~m. Vl,l til llf pMi gino cho qon trll'o·ng · cl)lt ngtro·( V9'·.ca: Ia dich tif· (-ii!i "f); n_gtrb•ivq 'ell.'; cling g<;>i. l1\ dlcli.'tlrf{-ijlj ./'c-)i Lam ·.fpi !o;tn tr~t tty.giihl Vf! · ca Vil,'VQ" Hl, tire Ia Iam r5i ·tn).t tg ttong · ""· ·ph\tng sl)' t1l tii!n;·vJ vf).y nhil'!1i!l1 lui).t dung danh t!r «b(li lullm> va· nMt lit danhiir «m(>t .

. )8»_:· ' :- :.: ." .. " . . . .

·. · Bja vi CLt~ .. ~gu·Q-i .. v9: · cii. 1rong yik ·ph,mg sg.'- can~ lam.· sling :tO .,~ai tro. qu3n: ti'Qt~g ci'm ngu·C.d. -V9·· ~tl .. tro':iS' gia cn~~t um?·c ln~t phitp, I~ .nghi vii 1\W I~ thit·n nh(\n, coi · nhu:, ngang · · hang ''6-i ·chiJng vi1 kMng thl! vi giit !hit m~ m!lt . iiung·- c>ich .:

.. . ·phAp lj. ·.·.

. . . Bieu n·~; . cimg hi~n .:nlli~n, n<iu ·'ngrrb'i"chllng ci,ftrig. may m~lih ml)t tr~r6·c. «l'liu-tir t6ng-ttt» rigtiy.en lac n•\'f cua 'Klti'ln'g gh\o cling kMng eli nghia Ia ngu·il'i qua -ph,1m1it ·ttr cl\ch phitp'·. ly. Trai l~i, I'!' ngiln xu·a·, gin <linh ph.\dl¢ .da do'mh .cho; ngll'o1 :

· qnii. pint m¢l ilja vj rut xll:ng <11ing J;Ien. ltlidng cai gid. ;Ngll'O'i

; :::_,80: : .. _.. . . . ' ..

~:l~~;~~;i·~·~ :~-:~~/~:::t: -~. ~,. ':';;_~;? -~··,-. _.: · .. ~:~i:~-:~~:;?z.:-~ ... , .. ~~~~ .:::~~~~-·-• 1 --:: • ._.,

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· ... . ·

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qnii. pht,t tbay thr; ngrr(ri cl!?.lnJ a;~ amu khi~!1 [\id dlnh v(r( hr cftch .zia lr!rCmg. Tlteo L&' ky, khi ngn·Cci gla trtw3·ng 1nUt, nCu

· c6 con trai dU l(q) f._;ia liinh} ngu·(:r.i qwi plHt c1'mg vtri s-g: trq· ghip ei'w. ngu·C>'i con ·tnti c:i) di!Jn khi~n c:ic '?Ong viC:.c trong nha. Neu con c6n nhO rot)nn· vii:c di!3u khil~n vO·i ln· C:\ch gin tru·O·ng do ngu·Q•i ~·.:~:1 p!!!.~ :::.~\l n;lnh di'u:ii nh;}ra. Cl:rh:oh -vl ,:1!·-~ vi dm JjgtrOi qmi ph1.1 quan tn~mg nlut v:)y n~it tro1ig lu~l HOng EUt·c ciiug nir.r h·ong lli(lt Gia~ Long UU nghiC1u ph~t cU.c ngrrO'i tUn thnOc (~p llu~)e ni~Lr{ri qult pht.t c~li gicL ·

Theo d.iell 320 H.B vit 98 G.L khi tanr, ch(lng <lii Mt mit ngw)·! Y:J J:U16H th!'t ti~!t, Geu at u~!):1g pluli ~h (mg h:\ chu u-ig r:.i'm n;JH'O·i f.!y 1n~\ (~p cUi gih i.hi ph~i.~ giUngha lr:)t; gia thli ph3.i ly iq; ngr~·<'J·i d~n)u\ ph~i lr?t v~: lfJu'~ chhng cU. ·

Si'>· rl'i nh:'t"l_iun lu(tt qui c:l!nh nhn· w)y, lit vi .khting nhfi·ng ve Jn~it d;,lO 1)', Kh.5ng git'lO khuyi!"n khich S~l'. lhil tiCt, 1118. ve 1n(it philp lu{tt, ulu~ Uun lu:~l elm c SQ' c6 nhlrng -~hftn thuc)c d.o S\1' tnufin trnnhgiitnh dirt vi-gin ln:n)·ngvit rpuin tr! gia l"ili mil . . . '), .. . ep Tl:jU"O:l VQ' ~;:n, gw. ··

. B. - Hi\ qua ·a6i v&i ngt.-6-i chllng. - · M(ie dilu · VQ" cii va vq t_hlt" 1>luli pht.tC tOng ch(1ng, song ngu·Oji chi1ng ciing kMug .dtr9·c dol XU' h'tu b<to v.Yi· vq·. St)' ph\tC 1.6ng ·etta ngu:i>'i cl10ng ch,.i c.1cnl h;t.i 1n{lt h~\![ quit lil s~r .tiu1 b:~o elm ngtrO"i VQ' d:\nh chong hi C1l!tt~t trimg ph:.tl-nghiCm khik Jwn h\ tnrlrng lu)·p ng'u<ri chUug Ui-tuh v__y·. •

. Khong <lti·9'~ hitnh sir plm· quyen nht~·- trong lui)t La Mii. ngrrlri chilng \tfH· viii ngrrcti v9·, lJilt Iu:}ri h\ v<}· c:l. hity v9· thli:, tuy c6 qnyen -ran b:':o, nlmog. khoug <hi·Q'c co ·n.hit·ng himh vi ·tim h~o· climh d:jp vq. The<> l!ilin •182 HD : «Chong danh vq bt thucmg, thi plli\i t(>i··kcm U)i ditnh ngtrb'i tlnro·og ha b~c ; ueu dauh.v9' cMt, thl phi\i t{li kt\m t(l"i:ilu ~at (<'hinh chet ngn·il'i) ba h{tc; t\1\n.i!en _m~,tng··am,l'C IJirli-tt ph~n rmriri_; c6 )• d!ml1 cMt thi t(>i giiim m(it b(\c ; ueu c6 t{li mil <1:inh cMl, thi xl'r kh:\c, Bunh · :VQ' tM·; tu·: chic! thu:o·ug (tlurtmg tfch lam gfiy· xucmjl) tro· len thi-tc;li kem l(li <l:tuh vq· cii hai h,\c. Ni!iu VQ' bj cho11g <l:inh, phiii . c6 V9' ci\ hayvq_ ~hi:· t!u:ng tlmn,->"~n6·i . hiit t(ii ngm'ti chllng ; :trtrirng h?"P. y<l bj ch\nh cMt, biit lt11~11 . ngu·iti nao ciiug t!trug·

81.·

Uura <1U'Q'C ~.a,, Sa d'i nhil !ian lu;lt tri~i1 Le plritn hil)t h:>l lo{d tnr?mg h<:>·p ulm vl)y. vi kh611,g ll!ui:l:u Ia>.>• roi lo'l.n S\1' J1oa thul).n trong gil' iltuh de cho vq dtiJug· dtrQ'c !t,r '!f xet <ljnh c6 ctlu .phlli <lrta Yi•~t:' .. dfnlh nhau d~n ell-a cOnH hay kh6ng. St,t' can thi<}p V<) )' th<'rc cita ugu·<'>'i ngo,\i ·~ao nhfrng mol b1H hoa trong gln dlnh fhu·O·nft chi c6 thi? g:ty th~1n d0 .vlr han lh hin.1 glin ..

· . Lu,u GiLL--Long tt·ong <lien 2M cling trirug phl!.l nhfrng hanh -vi lim h(w eoh ngtriri <~hong, lh"o tiuli thlln n6j triln : ucn ch(lng d:inh vq wit .kh<ing il~n ehiilt th.rang (gfty xtro-ng). thl khCmg · ph:ii 1¢i : Hifu <');\nit"'! 11\~n ehi~t tlurO'ng l•·•i· len .!hi f(>i k<!on t~Ji d!.lnh n~;trt',·i Utu'c,tng hni lH)c: "y,\ phiH cb VCl tiara, thi ·mlti kht'p t(li •·w·wi .<:h(Jug. Neu <limh vrt eMt, ngu·<l'i eb.(lng bj tC}i ,gii\o ginm 1>(\u. Ngo:\i S\f trirng phl}l vc hlnl1 s\r, troug trll'Cl'ng hgp hi climlo ilcn ehii)t t.lmo-ng, ng.rlri vq c6 qt1y1ln iltrgc xin ly dj, nhn·ng <JLW.Il xoi- an chi cho ly di nr.u ngtriri clol:lng dllng y. Nen m<)t !ror.g hai ngn·lti phlli ngli.n khCnig Mng long ly ·eli, ·gini phlop n:\y kluing ilor<fC chffp nh:)n vil ngu·lri chllng cl!i hi plh-:tt ve t¢i d(mh v~r. · ·

. Bi~n 21H G.L ciing h·u·ng ph~.tt ngtriri chllng uanh-vo· thit.: . Trong !rtr<ing h9·p chii"t tlmo·ng, hlnh· ph(lt 1:1. t¢i t1anh ng.rbi

. Vg C1\ giiun Jwi hi)C, neU uanh V<}' !hi!' chlJt, lljl\fO'i ch(lng phai ph:;tt'tri1m !rtrr}:ng vio bn .nlim t(ii dl:l. ·

Le nh1 nhieu, ne(l ngrrlti vo· danh chllng, hlnh ph\li se ~lfng ho·n. Theo di~n 481 H,l:l_ VQ' danh.chllng pluii :ltm ngo'/.i · ch!1u.: danh chiet tluro-ng ·phili. hru viiin chitu : cUtln s:in d~u ·phtl.i d1! cho ch(lug; ulou·1!g ciing phili c6. ch(lug tlma" m(ri bfit t(ii. Vg tlur ihlnh ch1lng, thl t(ii gin them m(if hOc. Nen d:\nh clollug cher; ihl tM hay llricp.<1cn pluii t(ii gi:lo ; <lien s?m trn cho con chan hay ngu-O'i thim LIF cua chl:lug. Nlm vi),y, vq (hlnh chl:lng, b1(t lu(ln l:i c6 clli6t thwo-ng hay kh6qg den hi t<)i .

. . . ·. StF qui d[nh cua di~u ~!!:Uu~t Gin-Long ciiog theo tiuh·· · · th1ln tr8n : «~en vq dilnh chllng, thl phili phQ.t 100 tmgng. Nen ·: . chllug mu6n ly d!, cho ph<!p ; nhrmg phfl.i c6 clillng thira m6'i ·

· b!\t t(>i; 'Nen u{mh chllng chill! th.r&ng, phiii t(li ilgttil'i tluro:ng . . . ', dimli' chit!t .. tlnl'O'ng gin tang' th8m'bl\ b(\c; n<Sn dal,lh ch;Jng ·fiitl :· r t(\l hi xi-r giatJ quyi'it ; ,)<Sit" coy gi~t .. _cl\ling, lli· l(>i J.;ng t~l ; ·' dm], ·. :, .: ..

. . ·: . ,._ . . it:·.· . . ~. ~:,;. ::-:..::

:,·~ <~:;~ :~,, ~:;S·L ·. , ; :.;:,.:::;::~l,j~,,~j~;~'it }~:;;~:·: ::. ,: ;, ,·· ;~,;: ::,j;;{_;;~i[~:i>~:::~i!%~

·•. · ..

d(lc ehllng cMt ciing xii· nhn v:)y». Doi v&i lnro·ng hQ'P VQ' thu d2\nh chong, t\)i con ph:i.i gin. tliug them ml}l bi).c .

. Bii Mt lu(m, dja vt ngtro'i chong liun gin tnro·ng kh6ng c6 h~u qu~ lam mat n1ing l\t~ plulp 15· cun ngmYi V<}'. Ngm'ri Yf!

dugc coi ngatig hUng v6'i c~10og, vC mlj.t . t6 h_t ciing nhir d.Oi voi phap tu;.\t. Tuy nhicn, ti'l chirc gin dinh pint !,<:.·cling neu ra cho ngtrb'i VQ' nhieu nghia Vl.t dtic bi~t : sv· trung thanh tri~t d~ doi v&i ch(lug, nghia V\t tong phu trmlg sg tlieu khi1in gia. tllnh. Ho·n nii·a, k5• lu:}t efta Khong giao uii. lit 1ignycn nhim · khii;u nlui litmlu:)l: <1fi qui ilinh l ritch nhiOin vc hinh stt ·t16i vil'i ngtrCd ci.~bng, trong tru·()'Jlg hc.rp eO nhfi:ng Slf 'xung. -dQl gay thtwllg t!ch lhu·cmg hay til: tluwng.

0

· r.- Nghia vtz dUrzg cu· tlfJi v6i· n.r:u·Cri vr· vel diil, tJ.J·i zzgt~·O·i cli'fmi trong· tr<rirng hp·p thong thrr/rng,

2.- Tz.zc btlt re hay D- g1H rl! trong lu~ nlzU. L& 1n'z lnV-t Gia lAng.

3·- Nghla ''~phi< tr'}'.

4·- S'! ·vi ph~m vlw !Zghla 11~ trung tlzclnlz bi W.~t nha La- ':'a 11hl< Nguyin trung phQt" nglziom n[!i]t nhll! thir.ni'w ?

· $.- Ban cltiit ct(ic· loi!!~ c1lc; nghia Vll. tlmg'plm.

6.- H~ qucl c&a 1zgh'ia Vtl- ~Q!lg plzu llOi v{ri. ngfz•ll'i _v9·? diU v6'i ng<ril'i chong ?

Nghla .V(l liang CU' va nghlcz v~ tong phi(, trong c~ l'l~t. (ChC _Y: :fYci tG.I t~Iig her]> g"iim cdc ciizt Mi r, a, .5 vr} 6):

. .. . . . .

. . . ...... :· :,- :~ ..... --~- :~- • .,;_._.,. :.::::.:.::1

l BAI TH(]' SAU :. DUYJ!N CO' XUAT T~ VA .PHAN DI

·--CfJUO'NG THU HM

xuA'r TH~ vA LY D!

Trong ln(lt Fl~ng Dtl'l', ngolii rlien 310 de Clj.Jl <llin b/l!l trml'ng lwp «Xui'it il!i!» (1.11\y v9· bt> vex hay Ml VQ'), ml)t siS clien khoiln kMc nhu dilln a2:J (cJnnn l(li 11iy dim hit .con. g<\i. Mt ~m6·ng); :121 (iay VQ' g6a thfiy hqc hay Cllfl anh em); 3:13 (con rl; rn~ng chn m~ VC)' phi ]_i•) ; 3:'.1 (qttnn. ty hny tit tmi.\ong o· bien tr1in ket hun), dil d~t· li¢u cue ngtrl>i du Jiun ghi tlili trili pMp

' lu(\t phi\i «plrtii> df" l!i·c lei 1!1 d_i.

Troug hu}t Gin Long; ciing p·Mn bi¢t hai IO()i · tru-ltng hq-p xn1it the vit Iy di.

C6 the nc\i rilng «>mi[t the» lit hlnh tht'rc hci VC)' mit h>c 1.~ thulrng W?i lit rfiy yq-,.do l'! y. do·n plui·cmg dta ng1r6-i chong.

· Triti l~i, _tmlmg h9·p <Cphiln di» hay ly di Iii S'! .do~n !:ic!l . _gilt !hit do m{lt lliin illl xt\t. xu· do s~· ycu-crtu 'cua m(>t ll(lltil'i pMi ngiiu h1it lu(ln Ia chtlng .hny Vf!'. N!mng ngolti hai trcrc'mg h9·p nlly, con hlnh thuc thu~n tlnh ly-hon, do s\r d~ng y ciia hni V9' ch(1ng. ··

San kl;i xct c•ic d~y~n-cq· Iy-h6n, con can ;phi\l.d~ c:).p cHin. v1in-clil ci1c Mu qui\ do S\r Iy~Mn dem h_1i. . ..

Do .do troiJg .. clnro·ng.nily se Mn t6-i hiu viin de:.

Plulu-tiet tM nMt: C~c' duy8n-c6-lv-h0~. · · · ·

PMn tiet tiu:..: hai.': :Caci1iei;-Iv~ ly~i1on. ·. :-::- : ~ . . ·.. .:·: '· . ".. ~ : • ' . ':: .. ... : ··. ..: .... .t·::

.. 84 ··:... ~ :· .. . .· ... :- .. :, .·. . . : :.~·.: .. -: _.. . . . -:. ... . .:· . . . ... . . . . . . · .. ·.· ..... _:~.--·.·.·'.·.·., .. : ... ~ .. --.'.-i,·.-~-'-·',• .... : __ t .. ·_.'.~---~_:_ ...... ,~_,_-,'~~.-~J.i~-~.·_·.·.~-· ..• :_'.·,-L&.:_.'.',:.-t~~,-r.' :¥~~~~--~~::.- : .. ·. :; : :: ... ·-... ··=~:'· <:;:~-::~-~:7d:~;~-~~::t~t ;_:·. >:=-_ ... . :. - ·- _;,¥ ~... -~ ~- --•;.,-;- ~ ·d' ''"

-,·-

;~ ··.;··'. .... ~.

TJli:T TLfi)' NHifT

cAc m..JYEN c& LV·HON

Trong ca luf,tl, c:\.c duy6n ·clr ~hilm dt~t gia tbti Mug SIJ: ly hon gom ba loai : 1.- Ch(\ng tt): j riiy VQ' hay xuat the: 2.- ho; VO' chong thU(lll tinh ly hon. 3.- dll Sl)' lhu·a l)i~n, ly hon dO q{1an pMn quyet, ho~c vi v9· ch<lng khong ton trqng nghla V\\

pint the, ho~lc vl gia thti kh6ng dlt dieu ki~n. ·

DO~lN Til(/ NfJ.lT

XUAT THE HAY RAY V9

Lul).t Hong Btl:c, troug <lien 310 cia qni dj.uh : ((V•?" ca va v9· le ph(tm · diilu nghla tny¢t (ngh'i a I:\ that xuat) mit ngLrai chOng an nhiin ldu)ng" bo thi hi hii'im ba tr;).t, tlty tll0.0 ni)ng nh~.

Tl"Ong. ba~ 24 <1ieu gi•io _hOa do vna Lc~Thanh-T6n ban hitnh, d!llu thir ba ciing de c(lp den van de «lhfit Xl1itl)): «Vq: chon~.: dinki~m lAm lin, an-nghTn tr9n v~n-i ·dny chi co khi nita ngtri>'i VQ' plu~m l(li «thiit xu1ib> thi m6i Clt.rry·c bo, clni: kltOng dt.r<)'C khien iii, diu dung ( l!J :fi:) lam h~i cilln phong h6a.J>

· Tuy nhien h·ong b(> lul).t H<'lng-BU:c kh6ng co dieu khoan nao bi~n rii cac tl'lrb·ng lto;>·p lhut xuul. '

... • Tnii h,ti; i~orig lui).t Gin-Long, dillu lOS; vit cue 1~ cimg l6·i chu gilli ch!nh thli:c ciia nhit Jiunlw~t tii5p thea diett nay, dfi ghi ro cftc truimg hqp that xu1[t, va phan bi¢t c.~c tr\rimg hqp nay v6'i tmll'ng-hqp ilg4ia-tuy6t .

. ·. ' ~hu ... :v(l;, .<11! sv" .trinh "bity Ulri;>'C d~: h~~~~- lwn, chUng t~ "llin · . .!mit se xet l~i viln .de :

. a . .:... Ciic tmcmg hqp thfit xuat va tam hlit-khU·,

·•·. _b:--:Trt~.-IY~g-h~· 1,\ghia~luy~t. . .

.85 .. _; ·-.":: .... ,:

A.-- Cac trU"ung hQ"p th6t-xulit vu tam uilt·khfr.

!.- Tr~.Yng-hgp ii:!t<'i.t-xu&~.

Trong b¢ Quoc-trilltt hinh-ltt:)t hay l.>•> Ju~t llong-Bti·c khong c6 ghi ro cue trtril"ng hg·p that-xuift, nlnrng tt·ong sitch Hong-I:-lt\·c Thi<}n-chlnh-thtr, dO(ln · 1M, (Mn dich dm Tr1ril"ng LHt~t SAi g<lu) ding gi.ii thlch ro r:"lrtg \nro·l:lg h<;,.p thilt-xuat. Tuy nhiCn, h·ong titi-1i~u nay c6 IT.:Qt f.:l~· ghi chCp sai I:lm.

l. Vcl--lir : Khong c6 con : kh<"'g ;·.0 con. lit bUt bien v6i i;lJ.:t~ vi vt1}" ohili bO vq·.

:.!. Li(y uhm1 c<ln ngheo tm\ V(>' l:! i giu;n lnoug, khong bo thi b(d ho:)i 1,'ia cl(IO. C6· that xuiit thir hai nt'ty dii chep sai, d:tng lC chi lit ghen tuOng, kl1Unr.t \.:(, tlo{Ul trCn : «Lfi'y nh:u1 con nghCm1, <1•\y It\ .m(>t do(ln viin •'>· b·ong ba trm'yng IH!ll. khong th1! bti dtr<;>·c vq· : .<ctiun bill Jduh se bltn den san.

:1. Ac w .. Vi khi c6 vi1\c te lt)', ngtrcl'i ~9' lchc'nig him duvc xoi hay cii d~ cimg le, .

4. Ditm cliing, I<Mrig bii vq thi h(li ho(li gin-dinh.

5. KhOng lcinh chn m~.' ..

G. Hilt Mn (kliong bOa. thn(in viJ"i anh em).

7. Tr(lm clip {ltlt<Jug bo t!'!i v(l lay den chong):

Ngoai l'a, do•.m 166 cctn sach J,ltng fhrc Thi~n-chlnh-thtr ciing ghi chep <1\mg ngnycn van cim clicn :lto Hfl ... bghia · h\ coi c1ic lnrimg-h<?'p thut-xuut nhll' ngh'ia tuy~t (au nghia giii'a hai vg chong du dm.m ll1_yOt). · .

Sl)' qui d_inh dta lu~t Hong flt'L"c'·cut gilm-~li h6a sl)' quy djnh ciia ht~t nhit Btril'llg. V~ viin c1e nay,· h(> fltritng lu(lt s6' nghi (J1\ phi\n"bi~t ro h'ni lrll'll'ng-hgp nghia-tuy¢1 'va. thilt-xu1lt : «Neu ugtroi VQ' kh6lig ph~m. tmirng -lH;>"p th1lt-xu1lt yil cite tmcmg-hq·p nghia~tuy~t,·rna·ngu:il"i chong bo :thl .. bi t¢i a<> in¢t nam mi5'i. Tny ph(lm_t'Qi _that-xnat, nhu:ng ·ngu·il"i vg a trong . . . tru:cmg hq·p tam-hat-kht\·, rna rigtril"i ch()ng bo th~ phii.i ph(lt .. · · · ..

. 100 trm;tng, ngttcl'I: vg i!trqc ·ve o· · v6i ·chong:_ c~. Nliu:ng. ·du .... :: - .· . . ... ,-, .. · .. :·: .r·::;

.. ·_·.·: .. ·.;_._.:<_·._·.':.:·_,.•_s_: __ ·_·.·.6_·_._. __ ._· •. ;····:: ... ·:-··_ .·, .. _·.·._:o-·:·.·.· .. ·.·.·.·-··~···~··:_·· .. _:· .... ,_.·,-.·•:·.-::,·. __ :·:·· ..•.. : :.-:.·.· ... . : ::.· .. ·.: . . . _ _: _ _.·_;_/' .. ··. -:;. ~--co_ __ . _ __ _ .. _ -· ._ -=·: :~~~;i'~-/2l~:~i?~~~~~ii5lt~~1~ftfr~:~

·.·.

··-: '·

·~-·· . . -. . . ·-·· ....... .

a trongtrnang hgp tam-b1it-klnl' ,"ma hi lie t!)t hay ptHJm-giuu thl khOng ap d\tng lui).t. uity» ('). CUng thea Jw).L nha fhrirng, biiy tru-O'~g hqp thilt xualla :

1. Yotir :·kh6ngc6con (f.!, ·"i·). 2. DUm d~t: dfi.m tHing·(:·~ ~)-

3. Biit st/: c-'tu. co : khC'Jng pln.mg s~f h6 m~ chong { ::f- 1 iS ,!;./; ).

4. Khan thi~t :. lam nho-i ( o 1; ). 5. D(lo thi~t : tr(lm clip (.iii. ,1))

r,_ Bo ky, : gheu tuong (·zG 11., ). '7. Ac t(lt : pho~g hiii ( /?, Jli) ..

Trang b(l lU(lt Gia LiHJg, ~\r qui djnh c.i:ui dieu 108 da ghi ro r~t !Jay trrrarig-h9·p th1ft~xuat; dung theo thrr-tl!' va danh tir dtrq-c dting trong lu~t nha Buang. Billu nay chtl-ng io, "" qui-<ljnh vll cac lrtril'ng lwp nay i!1i khOiig thay dlli trong !jqh sir phap lm)t ci1a Tau tir dil'i nhit Btrcmg di'in. do·i Thanh, h·ong gau 10-tM !ty, va ~au cimg l.,U <lu:q-c chep l(li .ll'ong b(l !ui).t Gia Long.

. Yi trtril'ng_ hc;rp thilt-xufit d!i' gifr m(lt -vai · tr6 quan tn;mg tropg quan-ni~m c~ pbap ve gh1-thu; thiet trri\-ug cung can phdn tich rii ·cac nguy~h nhitn xnat the nity._

Trang t(\p «C6 Brrctng lu(lt. s& nghj, thlch viinh, .<lunh . tiZ «th1ft-xuat» dfi du-Q·c chu tblch nlm san : «St\ch · Bai-U n6i ·

·rling: Ngu<'i-i vg co bily tru-lmg-hQ·p_ c6 !hi\ bO du·c;rc : ba trm'rng h(J'p khOng th1; bi'J' du·qc. N!lu khong vt'ra y cha Iil~, !hi

· bO._ KMng con thl M:Da m o, thl bo .. Ghen tu6ng thl bo. Ac t:!,!

(z). Chll' the va thilt xuiit ·c~p nglzia tuy?t chi tr(!ng, nhi xuiit gi,J, ila nhiit ,;;en Mn ; tizy ph~m thiit xuiit; llii:u · tgm biit khJ: nhi xuift chi gid, tru:p-ng nhiit bach tmy hoan h(J'p. Nltu:v·c plupn ac ~~ c~p gian gid biit d~p~g thtl· lu#. .

-t,l-'· .t .;~, --~:-· ill . .zt. iUe. c!:. *'- • ,ru _1!: -t. -41- it - ,:t .f • ;if! lR--l:-*•~£~·6*~*R~T~4···~ 11. ffl .i ~ ~ + Ill 'lll:. It- 0

. ,.,..·: .. ,:-; ~- -·. : _:.· .... : .• :~ ·• > • •• " .

thl hi'>. Lil.m nMi, thl bo. ·Tr(lm c.'lp, thi bii. nuy tru·img h<_rp ffy (ltrg·c gii\i thlch nlnr snu : khong v(ra. s· ·pi:\ I mfiu, tU:c ]a ·ngh!ch dti·c ; khOng con thl tuy~t h;r ; dam 6 thl lo,m l'c)c (!am roi · lo;tu trong nh<\) ; •ic t(lt thl khong th~ dang emu c'iing to ticn ; ll\m ohM thi lol)n thuu (Uun lo~.n trong thAn lbn<)c) : tn)m c~p !hi philo nghia (trai, d!,lO ughia). cc ('). · ·

Slf· th(lt, tnt c1i biiy duyc\u c& (xit/l! the) hay rify VQ' trong c'b lu:).t Trung Hoa~ cling nhtl' trong cB-lut)l \')(~t-N:uu bitt nguOn 0' citch fo !OhlfC d(li gia-diuh, d'J! quycn }Q•i Clta d•.ti. gia-diuh. lim lren Mt,

Trong biij dnyen cO· ii'f, cO 5 duy~u c6· du·~_re t~oi rzhu· phiin dtiCu lu\nh-vi p!u.uu-lc)l cita ngt~·Oi VQ'. 1~l1ll'H!~ Hnh··C<'teh ]>h~uu t(li o· dtly cling ttuvc xet theo quau cJiem citn d•~i gin <linh.

1~ Brit kinh alii iJQ-i cba. mr. chong. Bil\u ni•y chimg io h\ ngll'O·i cOn lrni, sun bti~i. thli, vllu 0· chung v6·i cha nw~ h·ong klmon. kho. d\ti gin dlnh. Do do S\1' 1>/lt klnh <!til' vC:ri clta nw chOng lit st.r hUt kinh dOi v6·i ngtrCri gin tnr<"tng, ldrOng 1h~ tlut thll' t::fn·Q·c. Then quan nh)rn c6 elm T1·nng H,oa dn·9·c ])~au Uch ft·ong Iiden Nc)i ii\c (Qny luc h·ong nhil), sitch Lf; lry': ,,:\fi_ic d~u ngtrCd chOng ll'ng thm)u i1gu·C>'i vg nlnl'n g nen chn mt,! chC thi cling Mt buc)c plu'\i bo». Do d6, ngtrb'l con iit\u pluii . thc:r chn m<; choj1g cho h1it d1.1o d~ du<_i:c:)<'mg cha ni~.chong.

2:_. Dtim £1(!1: T;·ong lw)t clung dnuh-l(r ·d,\m-dl).l d~ chi · mQi hitnh-v~ !ling !0', ch\m diing etta ngu:o·i <1an b:\'. '!\11m v(ly, .

duyen co· ni•y r(>ng hO'n tt·n·img-h<,>:p ngo1,1i tinh n.hiliJ.l. .·.

. 3- B'o. ky_ : dhen h:oug d;;,g Ia dt<Y"'; co· xuiit th~' vi ngn·6;l dan ilng qu·t;rc qityilrday uhi(lu the-thl~il. Slf· ghen Iuong liun hl)i lr:}t~lt~. trong d'li-gia-dinh. ·

4-:- Ba.ll{]on.:S\r 1!\m nhi>'i cua· bgtrb-i .VQ'··c6 th1r gieo s1;r .. ·.·

{I) ~\ 1fL .;, , -l~· :fl" -'.:- Jl: .. , _;;;. :f- Jl: '· :f-. Jlli K :-..1}:: .Jl; . ;· -i* -'i'. . Jl; ' ~£ Jl; .·'. 'li .P., .. ffi 11: ' .,· y ·t 0 Jl: ' w, obj; t. ..it Ill 0 • :

.7.1 -!; - ~~ .,: ). • ... - ""' .... · ..... •<f> .... ~ • .,. • .•

"'' "' -::< • :t: ;Jli ·J<.. .f!J: 1!!~· f,~ , *' :r· ;e, ..te. ""l··, · ;?. .., ~L "" ,: .. · . ' .V 1, i!l. ~ , ill ffi .:f- 'H~ l!t J1>.. , .<j.' ~- ~L ,tt .. , ~ .ric .6.: '*. · o ; :

~j,,:.: ... :.:~~~;~i~t~.';;,~ti.,t:~~L,il:~iLii;:~&i~~~f~~~~k~~i

!

... :

·ldil-hba giil·a tlu\n-tliw)c lnmg .t1~.ti-gia~lUnh. f>~[\ ngt)n ciing lit rn<)t lh(d-UQ elm ngutri fUm ·hit plu.\nt vilO tlr-dlrc (dung. cO.ug, ngOnJ h~nh,) 111ft ngn·tyi d.an b~\ ld~n. mfru phiii cO trt.mg xU b(ll eo.

5- St! tr<)m cUp Ud :;ftn t!·one _gi~. r.ti!!.h r.hC. ~h0ng i~h:ii cvi lU n1Qt duyCn cO· tl.;,iH xui'it, Yi the:o qnnn .oi$111 cO, C{l.C con sO rig trong dc}i-gia-dlnh, khOng ai dm7c c6 Hti s{ul. Titl dl tfri si'm d0n Unt¢c Hgu:fri f)u-lnrO·ng.

l\'"gofl.i lla1n ·f.l'IX(rng h<n) [l'Cli, 1~gu·qi V(l' cOn ·cO tl~hj rfij h<) nr~u khdn!] td con~ hay bi llc-i(lt, m{ic dUn .hai duyr}n_c6~ nlty khtlng do !Oi elm ngu(ri Vv.

Tny nhien, Cll-!m).t diichiip nb(m hai duyen-c& nay ci1ng vl qu'yCu h,ri. ci'ut dt.ti-gin-dinh, · din · c·6 con trai VIi din c6 mOt ngtriri con dim J,hOng h! i1c-t'H <1~ c6 th1f plu.tng Sl! to li<ln. ·

. " ~ .. ,' 2) Ts·• ... erfi1g.h<;>·p tmn bot Wiu· ..

Tny o· h·ong trini·ug-h•!V thiil-xnal, ngu·o·i VQ' ciiug dtrq·c .ln:,\t-pMp, dn·o·i lricu Le, cling nlm <hi·6·i triCu Nguyliu, bao v~ )JC~ vit:n du·Q·c .. nH)t trong_ba tnrO:ng-hqp sau, ntit ugay .Xu·a qucn .. gQi Ia tru:jmg-h'!'P •<lam hilt klnb> : (Bo<.~n 16!} Han·g Bt\:c thi$nchinh-thtr vi\ diett 100 Gin-Long) :

i) Ghi:. canh tam nicn tang: (.llt- £. ;:. . .lf- ·~) B'it t1il· iaug nha chong ha num. • · · ·

':

2) Tien ban tj¢n \1(\u phil (fHY : (i!J 1l' n~ fit ·t--tt ). : K!ii '!fly .. nhau ngheo, ve san giim ·co. . .· . .!· .· · ., .. · .:.~.,.

:-l) Hil·u· so· th ct v6 so· qny : Ui ilf ~ ~f.\. flf #) Khi. I(iy ~h·a~ .. c6 bit con, hie 'biJ nhau khong ci>n bii con d~ tra ve. . . .

Tt'ong ba trtrirug hgp n>iy, ngtriri.chong 1<h<ing thfhii dugc .. Tuy nl)ien, rieng lu(lt Gia-Long cilng cho phep pgu·o·i ·chonrl . ri\y vq neu ogu·iri VQ' bi ac t<}t hay ph(!m gian. N6i lth~c, ·ln~t Gia-Long dii'chep l"i S\r qui djnh c<ia lu~t.Trung-I-Joa dii c6 ttr ' dcri nhil Btrb'ng. · · · · · .. .. ·

....

·.: .··. · · · Trcing cac tru·irn~ hq;p th~t xuat, lu~l.nhit L~ bii iJ~.¢c: ~hff:::

;t ; . . - . . . . . ··:·•.·.·.-.".··.·; ,_.-,:·_,·. ,_:~' .•. :.,_·;··· .··":·~_·,·.··::':;:·,•~-··.·~.-:.~···::;_:.~.t_~.-.-,1c_s.;_.·~.:~.;.~: .• ,·.~.-.-.·~.~:'·i ~~ir:i~~t~;:~~&}i;~C;J~~;:;t~:~t::~r~::.:;{.::~ :··· . ;· :: :: -~.~ .... :~}~it~~~-~::: =-. _ -: ~ ~- •. ~ ~--~~~~:~

hO v<r, donghoa vM tn~crng Iun> nghia tuy¢t, mat·Mt ·a.n ngh'ia ghht hai vg chOug. · . _. .

Tr:\i l!).i, theo ln:).t Gia-Long, trong lrlt'(>'l1g hQ'p .thifl xufft ngu·o·i chong dtt'\)'C quylJn XCt djnh xem CO D~ll bO VQ'hay kh6ug Lul).t chi ph').t ngtrb'i chong. 80 tru:9·ng; k!Ii nao ngn·iri vg -k_!t6ng ph').rit b1ly tnrlmg hgp tr~n m:l. ngu·o·i c.h'Ong ll! li$n ril.yvg. · ·

. StJ thvc, ngoid 7 tnrl>'ng J,qp tren, ngu:M chong theo llll).t Gin-L®g con c6 tM, hi y ga ban v.Q' cho rign·M khitc -trong hai tmlrng h9·p kliac. ·

. 1)'-- Neu · ngu:Oi vg bo tron nhit chong, di~u 108 G.L, se bj ph!).t 100 tru:qng vi>, ngt.ril'i chllng muon ga hay ).Jim ·vq cho. ai

.ciing_.duqc. · · · · ·

2) · Ni'fu Ii'gu·iJ'i·v<?' tii6~g ginn, dien 332.G.L cilng cho phep · . ngu6'i ·chong dtrqc_tuy y ga :hay ban V<?' minh cho ngrro'i khac, .nlnrng khong dtrqc ga biui vq cho gian j>hn .. ·

. . . !fhe.o U,n.c. V.~.L: (giai ih\p cfm 170) nhii·;,g duyen c& r&y . ·vq .trong t\te 1~ ctia ta it ho-n trong c1i-lut!,t. · T\tC 1~ khilng tln'ra ·

'ph(m ·cac .. d\tyen cc)o rli:y'vq vi khiing c6. con; lam· nhbi, ghen 'triong vii ac l')t. Cac duyen c& rlly vq trong tuc· ll) ehi gom c6 4 ltll'/l'ng hgp : .

.. : : 'i) !>Jt hat ci1anh Cttn ngu:Oi V()', nghin ·]a kh( nita ngtrM Vf! .: lth6ng 'i'rung·thitnh, cir · b').c hoang dang. .

: 2) An c~p· ciJa chong ]uiy cha m~ cMng. ·

3) .Khong.kinh trQng cha nw clillng.

· : 4) .. Banh d~p chllng .

. ' ·. Tuy -li.hieri, U.B.C.V.A.L. cling nhfin ~'!-nh Ia ~\~ r&y vr .c.hl . . con 'ton t').i trong dan cjning (y .tbiin que, con phll!l' dii!'g nhfrng_

.· . qljp vq .ehong'hfit hba den li.ha m6n 'd~ xin. phi\n xi'r cho.)y dj · (giai'dap cii'u 175), · · . . · · · · ·

: . ~ .

'B - Tnritng hQ'p nghia tuy~t; Ch.ep. nguyen van ci'm b9 11* Man-Than)J, Iiii).t Gia-Limg da

. . . . .

... '.·.. .. ~- .'

·.' ·.·. _. . . -: ~ . . ..

• •• ',: •• '-=..· •• ·· ••• '.

: ... ..:.· ;!:-~.: -~·::.:·:;_:.· ..• : ~~= : .. ~ .... .:. .. :

chii'p nh*-u Sl]' t•ily vc_r v1 lS' do uglt~la tny¢t. Trtt'l)'llg h~rp ui1y cO th~ coi n~mg hou c{tc trtrO·ng hqp thilt xuat, vl ngtrCri chOng bUt hu(>e phai bi\ "'f· N6i kh:"lc, tmcmg hrn> ughin ti>y¢t Ia tmo·ng h?"P ly hon bUt hu(!c, niiu .khOng bo VQ', ngu(ti ·chong se phii.i ph{lt 80 trn·0·nr; (d'iCu 108 G.L.}

Nhtrng trong 1.1it <:il l>t) lw)l Gia-Long khOng co <lieu khoan nito, dinh ngh1a ,.()the nilO Ia dO(ln tuyN h1it lin ughia vq chllng. Tuy nhleu, lrong Jn\1! s6 dillu khoiln tan mat troug !u:j.t; ta .co th~ g~p lHI)t Viti tJ d~l YC SIJ.' nghia tuyf}t vllj do sau :

a) L(-~i ell;;~ ngu·(J"i VQ' : ~Jgll'Cri v~~~· lllll'U ::;cil chOu g.

b)" L(~i elm ngubi chOng : - Ngu:o·i chllng him Vt)' lam no 1¢.

- Ngu:ll'i chllng ban "'!' cho ugu:oi ·khac lam. vrt. - Ngu(Yi chOng cho "ihue hay cUm vq.

c) Liii cii hai vQ··choug .=

- Ngtrb'i chong dem vq· !Mug gian gii ban cho giau phu.

. · Tny nhi<\n cling co uhifug truo·ng hgp ina.' 'chinh y ni~m clia nhit liun lm).t cling khong ro r~t, thl d\t nhu si)! mim tlluffi1 giii·a hai dieu 108 vit 2S4 Gia-Long. Theo dieu· 28! Gia-Long neu vQ' qanh.ch(lng, hay ch(lng d:.lnh "'l den chi!it thu:O"ug, tinh u'ghia vg chllng sc ilO\lll. tuy~t,. nhu: v~y dlmg ly · SlJ' ly~(Q phiii c6 tlnh ct\ch hal bu(>c, Tuy nhien eht\ug ta da biet, trong. tru:o·ng h9·p YQ' ditnh chong, chong c6 thll tuy y hi\ VQ', nhtrng ·

·In:j.t khOng bUt- hut)c, C6u trong tmimg hqp chong danh: .vg. den chi~t thtro·ng, luy ngh'ia tuy<)l, v:.l ugu:cd VQ' co ·xin 'Jy h6u, nhung neu ugu·O'i. chong khong uug thui).n bO vg·, cP,ng khOng dugc pbep ly Mn. Kh6ug ciiu ct\· vito ly, uh.u lam lu:).t da giai

· thich giai philp··llay, bil.ng tinh dun : «Ly.di lit theo phap lui).'!;. · lthoug ly.di lil.lheo tinh. !'hap hu).t.ciiug phD.i !hti~n tinhi:kh6ng .. . tM theo phltp Iui).t d~ lam ton thtrO'rig .den tinh ·vD' GhClu!!. :yl · vi).y, ph:l.i 'tuy chClug xet co .nen .ly di hay kh6ilg». ·. "~ ';. .

Ttrn. tr~ng y ni~m ngh'ia tuy¢t phirc lf!.p vri cilng . .vii ~hlnh · ,.· ;

. ~~~:~~ht~~~~~t~:,:::;:~' ; . :.,.· . . . ... ~,., .. :.:., ·:;<>;f<;;\:,~~~Ji~~

nh:\lam luOt ciing phD.i xftc nl!(ln M gi&i h~n c.i'1n :)• ni¢m ay !thOng· _the ha(lch ·c1jnh bUng _nhii·ng dieu khoilu c<J L1jnh. PMi .. chljng vi vf:<y, mil ltfm lcuj/ Hhng FHrc ct{i gi?m cl.i Ma p!uip lu(lt: cria TI'UU!J . Horr bling c1ich ct/5ng hila cac tnro·na Twp IM'it xuat' eli cHen ncl-i IJ'trtrng hQ·p nghl'a lll!Jfl ? Qui djnh nbtr vf)y lu(lt Hi'lngHii·c da thn h~p l?i nitill\I nhii·ng truimg l"!'P bo vcr c6 ilnh c{teh hilt hn~ic v:\ d6 ciing lit rn\>[ bi0n ph:\p d(l. hiio v~.- quyeo ~c:ri cho ngcri>"i vcr. ·

. Th1):e vi).y, troog b~ fltrirng in~t s& nghj, c6 ch~ .th!ci1. ro niug nhii·ng tnrlmg h<)}l nghin tny(•l~ .Nhii·ng tru·img · hQ1' · n:\y rUt plui·c f::Jp· va hno gthn c~\c. t.rtr6·ng h~!'P i:l~·~u : ··

· 1) Bunh f.lng hi\, elm m~ VQ' (An tM ehi ph<.llilfru,•ph\1 milu).

·2) Giet 6;1g bit ngo~i: 'chU bite vit · anh cbj -em ciia vg." (c'i)p · · ~~~ !M_ ogo\ti tli pll\t. ti1fln; .lia thicc ph\1 mli.u, hnynh ·ii~, c(l ly . : mu.;.i). ·

. : · 3) 6ng b~; cba ~W .hai b8n. v"g chllng ; hol)c ung hit ngo::ti chu b•\c, anh em, chj em· nhit.ch(in·g, giet Hin nluni._ (NhtrQ'c phu

·>_tM t6 .ph\t man, ph1,1 m~n,_ogo~it6 pint mau, -ba thtic "ph~' m1\u "rmyoh d~, _co,·ly mn(>i, t~r tu·o·ng sat). . . . .

. ·. :. · · 4) ."Vq· · dimh ~ln"ri · clia . m~ ·ch~ng ; gi<!t ·hay · d~oh bi . "tl!Iro-ng · Oilg bil tigo<_ti chong, ch!'t hac, anh em, chj-, em. nhit

· .. _chong"" (C(\p "tM lin m(t phu chi to _plw mftu, ph•~' mliu, ·sat· . _· ' .. ,-tb,u:o-ng phu rlgo(li to ph~1 m1h,, bft thUc. ph\I Il!ilu, -huynh a~- ao

-:t)r inui)i). :, '-· ; , · · · • ::

· ·.::-' ·. · 5)" C~c- ngtrll'l .th!\r~ _thu~c· nha ~ho!1g phili 'd·~- t~ug 'ty :n1a · .·· . · ·: (3 tha~g) tr& leo, th6og glan vo·i_ m~ yr, (C:iq:> dii:. i'hn· chi ty · ui·a:di .thu:gog nho\u, nhu:9·~ the mftl). r,riao.) . - . : . . .- ·. .

: . . . . . ·. . . "'. - . :.~· .. : .... . _. . _· .. 6):.Vg mu611 hgi chong (C;)p d11c h<ti phu giil): . :.>· :-::.: . · :\·,,:,_.:_ 1-a~~-~ac tr~IYng ~en) 'tr~n, .dfin d~g6 ilri ·~~ .bu~~<-g~l la

·: .:~g~iu:'tny~t (Tny ~9! xit;··gini vi nghi~.-tny~t). Hti·n.nfrii., ni~c . _'·d~u. !JgtrO'i VCf chu'a CU:&i ve pha. chong nh1rog nllll x~y-ra. "c(tc .

. . .. ;'t1'ri:o·ng hc;i'p tten, ciiog lheo lu:).t nay (The. tnyvj_ nh:).p ni'On, di~c .: ... -·:)ilng thi'r l¢oh). . . . - · . . .. '· · ·

~i~:~~~;~-~~~~~~c;;~:.~ .... ~;L;I~.\_,,_,.,·.:.;,.:;,,~·-::·, .. _,-~t.,~:,:i,ft~~Ji::~_i~:

II II

Tl1;;o i:J.B.t.!. V .A.L. gii\i <'lap d.n hiii 17!, tr-1ng tm~ng h'!Jl ng'h'i:1. hlyt)t1 t~w !~ kJ:.Oag hUt hu!1c ngu·~i c!·).Jcr~ p!l:H I-.G vq· l1ay VQ' 16 chbn[! p~:t~i :dn ly· di nUll' car. u~:!n Jtholw t'i'Ol!~~ hqt Gia~ Long. Y n7~m nahl:l tuyet trong i~'c. 1:?. eilug. kh<)ng cO giO::ri hl_ln·· · - '·ll ) . .-, l' ) rr • ... ' "'' .-t"'1f 'rl T'o "',.P ' .,... ~~ 1·o rt; wy 111111 t.~n,_ .. rong ~u gu.u. un.p .LI.i L',u.~,.,.y.a.t ... eta

k~ cac thi d\1 ngll"ia tny¢t san :

I) Chllug bo phC vg. 2) Vg tMng gian. :l) Vrt <Hlllli d(l.p· chllng hay chv. JU9 chong. ·1) cl,ong di,nh cl:/p .vq· co l!nro-ng !lch n;Jng. 5) Gil ''9' lJ:.ty dhn bUn YC)' cho uguU·i"kb:\c, .

NOi tbnl l:,d~ tvc 1¢ cnng ulnr ln:)i Hl1n:,:-l)(n~ dJi cni nhfrng trtT0't1g hen> _nghia tuy(!t hi ctlC chtyCu c()' c6 lirG J_y hUn,=;uhn·ug" kluing c6 linh citch hal buc)c, khitc han )u\1-t nhit 'fhanl•~

DO ~L.V TEJ{J Hlil

"rHU~N:TiNH LY.HON

Trong 1)~ l\l~t nha Bu·o·ug, san khi quy lljuh tmimg l.lQ"P th1ft xu!H va nghiu-tuy~t. da cho phep hai VQ" cil/Jng -lt•ro·c ilw(111 . tlnh l!l hcln, niu tinh ltnh lcl!6ng lzOa Iu;rp i ccNlnrQ"C phu the hilT hro-ng a.n hili., nhi Ma-ly giil b1ft tQ,._, : neu ·vQ· chong_ kMng hiti · y iin• iY tu·o-ng dil.c •'m\ muon thoa !hili).? ly clj, thr l\hcing phili. t(>i.('). Trong b(> ln;).t· H!ing-B(rc· khOng · c6 <lieu khmin nho n6i. vl!- ~J! tlu)a thm~n ly hO~.

Tuy nhi8n cltr.:rtti·i"e,LL U, m(lt rtieu iu\ll batl luinh. 1111~ t!,9ft. do Tn;mg-nguyi!tl V<i-Du:O'n!f-Clr socm, ·ciii chap nh(ln slj: ly h6n :. -· · . ilw(ill tinh ("). Hai Vf! chClng; bfft Ma tlm(\n nguyt)n :dn ly dj ('), · ·. thl to· ly Mu tg viet l1fy vii ky, mil nien hit;u cung giup.lai (1) ··· viet len hai to· ldtep 1\li linn ml)t .<i~ linn Mug: To··hg·p _ai5ng -.

· (r) ~ .J... :!7 :r- ~ij :ti: ·Jr} ,f. -:fdfl. ~!r ;r-. :~ ' (i;"mng Dll'c Thi~11 Chink: Tlllr,. ctopz r97>:

• - (j) .Phu thPiit h/Ja lzQi nhi nguyin ty.gia:· ... · .. · · · /1i Gidp lai.la viet .c!z~ ,gi{.p .. ( 'P) .tenh~i · tlr giliy 11~: sat· v.Y{ ·ni,au 11~: · <.:' ' ~ :·, :: ,lQ.pi biini. Jlll9i tir. co nzloa en;;, :cirlp; tif,_.,; v~y kh6ng . th~ ihky. d3i ~:. :

~~~--- . '"""''· > '" '"'"' •· .. : j .',:~~

ly hiln phi\i lam. thhilh ho.i ban, Vf! cilOilg miii ngu<r( cam m(>t ban, roi mi.\i. ngtriri ph:l.n chio. n1\)t no·i. Du·(ri nii\n hi~u va ngay · tlu\.ug, chong ky h9 Wn, .V'! dilirn chi. Nfiu <hi·o·nlf sl): mn1ln nho· ngtrlr~ troog h9 vi<!t thay. cHug 'dll'(;rc. Song ngoai ra l>inh thu-c ly hOil.llling c{ich be d'llng l\l!il, <~hi~c <lih hay nh<r ng\l'Oi ngo.ili vi~t h~· gi1ly ly Mn thllthong hq·p ph:\p, <11Ju \•u hi~u, V'! chClng p hili dolm tl.t I,li.

Trong lu~t. Gin-Lnll[J. dilin 108 c1<1 c!zup ni<(ln (/w(rn tinh lg Mn nhrr lu~t nha Bu·o·ng va lu~t nhit Tlinuh. Chu lhld1 dilln nay, lu~t Gin-Long dii n6i ro them : Nilu hni V<?' ehong ltMng thl'l hon h\l:P• tM lei lt.zy~t itnh eM· IcMng pMi tuy~'l nall1a; ui;Jc dun

· khilng co diilll g\ 111\t bu{lc phai ly di vlt liun cho ·!let au nghia . VQ' ehllng, h9 c6 tM dtrQ'C p ll<\p' ho nhau mit. kh6ug hi ph1,1t. t{li. .. . " .. . . .

. Ua ban c6 vlfn an ltJ cong nhgn ld ldnlt (l!!'rc llw(ln tinh .l!I Mn ciing c6· trong f\lC lq, .va lthOrig ph:ii·M lm(>c thcc:l lli<Ju.ki~n !my hlnh tht'rc nilo (giai dnp cau hoi 182) Cil.u gilti <1:\p tren day qua so)trQ'c· vii khilng cho ta biiit ro h)p t,tc tl'Ong dan· gian ve vll:n de nay. :M;;;c dan khi hai VQ' chl3ng lhu~n t\nh nmon chll:m · dt'rt Cl\'c righia V'l'phu ph\1 va. kliong. 'an o· v6'i nhau .'Jam·vq cMng nih!.~ khi\ng din phO.i' ·hoi du <lieu ki~n: phap · lY; nao, ngoai sl): dong.)'.ly 4i. nlmng Ia ciing c¢::th1l Itt hili SIJ ly d! '1[y c6 din m{)t thll'tht'rc m\o d1l lam hlilig 1clnl·ng cho. ttio·ng !ai. . . kh6ng'11ay-chi la m¢11 ~lF .. chin to.y do·n: giiln. NO::u gia thu <~li dOi hOi nhii:ng n'ghi thli:c trc;nig th1l vai 'sl!' ·tj:>am · d>;r ci'm cac thlln tlm{>c hling hfru, thl Sl)' ly h6n, m~c dan du·&i· hlnh tlurc

:thul).n tinh, ciing .kh6 c6 tlill chllilni<)t sty chin lay· il.m''tli1lm, · khOuiJ'c6 m(lt cMt thll tlui:c. nlto d1l lam b~ng chli:ug sttung u;ui).nly di vil Muu bilo qi>yen lqi clio moi Mn du:o·ri·g ·;.IJ· triing

. trr?'ng lai. · · · · ·. ' .

. Sl): chia tay don gii\n chi c6 thll quan. · uieni·. drr(>'c doi . ylri ri]lii:ng c\ip VQ' chl3ng «c1in hQ'p», · nghia lit. doi vm:nhfi:rig · ngu:M da chung soJ?{Iili~ vq·'cuong nhrrng'.Jtlill.ng !'LT hlmh nghi . . 18 gia,.thti theo luO,t J¢. . : ·. · . . , . . : .. -: ... :· . . . . . -

>. Trai i1.1i; m<)t ·lthi dli. co cu:ai xi~ d~ug holtng, .n~u_.hai vq ·. · ch'llng ho(ic vl t(uh ·t!nh xung-khlic; ho~c,vl . m~t ·. duy~n: c<)' Mt .. ·

: . • ;·' . . ! .

. '

:•

.

IIJI!

tHH\ nilo kb.(tc, kh.•'mg rnnOn fm iJ v(i.i. nhuu.nG-::t. v.-l dOng tluh tn1 ltr do cho nlu1•J, hQ l!Ztr&nfJ ldm u&i nlum m~Ji' il..\'· gifiJJ cam NEt 12izll' d£r&i lrit~ll LJ~ Gi:iy t:.am. kc;t nay thll'ttng c1tr~:·c h:'li bl:n duo·.ng st;r liun b.r v6i uhau, khOng c6 ?gU"Oi dni'ng ki~n. N6l d10. ~h'mg hu-u, gl(v ~Hut kl5r t:ly, trong phHn dOng ci1c trw(rng hqp,

I "' ,. ' I ~· 1 ' 1. • ". do ngn·Qi. c ·1ong ,,;: m SlUO f: l\1 ngn·v'l. Vf!, c "lJ.rng 11 t(t.n rang ngn·o'l n~y co tha hF <Jo 1:\i l;i.'i. i\I¢t <l<>i khi ngtrQ'C lt.1i,'d~ tr!mh cac kM khan trong cong vi•).c l:)p gia dlnh v6·i m(>t bgtroi dim bit J;;:h~\c, 11glrf>'i chOng yCu e;.iu vg cllp cho tnf)t gii'iy clntng u!l:)n tri\ 1~i hF do cho r.l1l'mg <l.m.rc h\i t.hit, nhi\t 1:\ t1iii viri nH)t ngtri:ri vo· kh6 tinh huy Jdtim. ~..lu.ry(:.n; soug ciing c6 I,rli !~illy t1Ht(m tYuh 1,,: hUn dCn do ell 1wi \'('' ch()ng k)' kCt Vl\ I:Am Llu\i1h llni Liln~ J.lll)i ngn·O:i giti: ill(•t. hoin Hun ht"mg .

. C6 lC vi hiuh tln't'<' ci:m s•r tlm;lln tiuh ly lt()n co Lit& bien. clwy~n nlur v;lly, U.Jl.C.V.A.L. cUi xnc nh~n rang S\T Jy hon thtl()n .tinh khong dui bui dicu ki~n nao ve hinh thfrc cu'ng nhu· n?i ·dtJn_g.

l:JO~. THU Btl

LY-DI c6 AN-'IAN

Trong c1> Ju*t, mc)t so dieu khoan cho phep .m(>t .trqng hai VQ' chlJng dn'Q'C Xill Jy di, DCU nhii·ng nghia V\1 caq han . do (,'i{l th1! _rhitf sinh da hi vi ph(lm. . - ·. ·

·Song ngoai nhcrng tnrirng h<,Yp nay, khi bl10 ve cac su· chC ~i c1.6i vOi c:1c gi:i Lhu bift hqp phap, vl cue cliiln ki~n.· i•Iuip djnh vll hcln nh:\n khung· du·9·c t(m trc;mg, cluing ta d1i rq, nha liuu lu\lt b·ong e't> piHip ciing ballm¢c hai v9· ch1l9g phiihcphan · dj». N6i !<Me, cac s\r chii ~M nlty cilng dtrqc dllng h6a v6-ily.dj.

B~ dilc ket hai lo:)i tmirng hc:>'P tr8l:J, c6 u,a n6i 1;ang nhil'ng · ·lru·&ug _hQ·p plziill di ltay l!l d.i c6 an .van bao giJmnhii:ng tru&ng lwp tJ·ong i16 cdc nglzra "!l Ill itt yeri•(:ci.a · f!ai u9· ch/Jllg l?i' xrlc .. p~t(lm ~a nlui:llg tmcmg hpp _trong· eta · cac t1il!u Ici~Ii:. chin]j .yert : . : ·

·: cim gia ·thil. Ich6ng .rtn·Q'c h(Ji t'lii. · ·· : : :

N6i kh:ic; cac tr\ri:l'ng ~Q'P ly di

• .. · ::·.'· r. *, ., •• • . •• .• '.'~ ....

·-;c:'. ..

c6 an viin trong cb )n~it:.,; .. ; . . • : ,: : -~:dJ~~-~;~j

c6 m~t phQ.m' vi r(>r.g rlii hon trong d.i u lu(\t hil)n il(li vil bao . qu;\l Lrl.rt'rog hqp ly hOu·Jlin cii tru:img h9·p ti~u huy gill, tinib!it

hc;>·p phnp.

A . .....:.l..y-di vl vi plu)m vao nghi01-VV dllng-cti- va nghla-vt} · phu-trr.>··· .·

Ltli,lt Hi1ng-Birc ciing nhtr ln(tt Gin-Long (![(. trt'rng piH)t nglli~m'ug(it trrrimg h9'p,n.gu·bi chongh<> h'rng V9', bo nhit ra Ui hay bO tr1h1. Tmlmg bq·p nlty !tr<mg !1~ nlnr l<)i bci. phe giil dinh

· ng~y uny. 'frong lul).t.Mfin-Th,mh, mit lul).t Giu-Lo11g dii cMp l(li, y .l)ghiu Ctl!\ nbit.. h\.m Jui)t uri <lt1'C)'C chll. thich 1'0 i·ltng: «Gbi1ng' l1<'\· nha. ra cti lit vi <Iii can ph:)m m(lt t<)i g\ ma 'bii trun, holjc db. lo;ln IQ.c·'ni1it. tung tir.h, ho(ic do Unh 1:'et be.- tha, nay cla:{n1ai u6,·ho(lc do m(lt duyen:c6· nito t.twng Lt;r:'i'riti.l(li, ueu ngn·o'i chong, -,i liun an "Ru6p. ban ph>li di ~n ho(ic <li tim .tMn tin!(><!, .!JOQC~ vJ·m(lt .dnyen C& !U'O'Ilg !\}' llkO .Jtbac, lh\lth6ng !h~ coi Ia ngu·6·i fij• ho: lt:on iwy mat Lich, <hi.u l)g\toi fiy chive nhil sau nl1ii;u niin1 vitng tnij.b'. · · · . . .. .

: : Trong. tmlrng .hc;>·p ngtriri chong da vi ph:;tm viler' nghia V\t·

. clllng Ctr .vlt PM. trQ', cliiing tn. dilliiet, c:ic cli~ll . 308 Ilotig-Bt\•c vit 108 · Gia-Long cho phep :·ngu:ili VQ' du·q·c xin ph6p <Itian ciii gilt snu' 5 thftng, 'theo Ju'l).t Fillng-Bu·c, vit 3 ;.,lim, theo lu~t Gia Long. L6·i clni thich cim"dillu 108 Gin.,Long ~h(tl lit minh b"<:h : «Khi .. l)gl,l"bi chOng bD trun, ngrrOi vi; khongtconno'i·nrriyug .llJ"n, Jc~l~J?,iLbii(t ch1lng silpg ~l11it thd niio mit cl:ing klu5ng ·hay ·ky · h~n· ng1rlti chl:lng.tri'r vc. N!ln b{it ngtri:ti v9' ph:i.i tliu ti~t eM· llq·i . :mlii tl)If.Cll>.,lchong hq·p veri nl1ft~ <l;to».: ·

. ::·n·ong· tmlr;,g liqi1 v9· · be'• nhit rn cti, ·s~r eM· i~i .ngbi~m nhi)t bb·n n_irn. Tlieo· aien: .311 Hllng-Bt'rc; neu bi'l nhit.ra eli vit lily dttlng·I,h:l~, ngtr~·i.v.c;>: hi do li>,m thnng tl)fit ty; gia tlni liun Sfill. phfii phftn 'dj,· ngm)·j. V.f}' vit cliCri. SUn ph:\i lra ve chong cii.

··Bi~u J08.'··GL:c;on· dt:r Ji~u rri<:>t ·,hinh ph:;tt ni)ng.nl! hD"n nit;n: . .. : ngu·iyi vc): j1h:1i f•)i .gi~o ginni Ii(iu •. ·. · · · .' : . : : . . .· ·.

• • • !- • • • • .• • - .-

. · .. -s:·'-:, 'tv-di vl"m&ng. ~j.;.,. .. m~ v.; phi-.lv> . . . ·Trtrling hq·p nay :chi. drr9·c dt;r li~;, tib~g lui,lt Hong Birc ·

· ·. (ll: 333 I-IB): . . . . ·

·' .·. :<9((·' ··· ..

· .. ,'· -~----=- -

....... .·.. . -- ..

.-~~:.2-~~-~:: ~~~~~-~ .. ~ ~:· .. :::~~-: ;,: . '. . .... '• .. -·

'':. -!! ··~ ~~

. .. _:.

-...

c.- ly-dl v! vi~'"""' ··ao o~c il5<lu.l,;~,1 thl<.l viSu gi.l-!h{r.

M<)t ~6 dict1ldwan clio. lu(lt ·nM L•\ ,;,, bf.it v<;,. c.h1Jng pl!lii pl!ftn-dj n<iu ci.10 ili~u kho?u1 lw!tt · djn!t ld:.ung drro;rc Wn tr9ng. · Thl dtJ :

1) Uii~tt.~2:l !-r£' : -:ll1t.i1 ~(,i lt~y tlls:t na con go.1 b;tt xu~ng. 2) HJ1!rt l\21 HI:'J :J:iy v<;,. goa ci:w t!luy hQc hay ci:m anh em.

B) J:li~u 3:14 HB : qnan ty buy tit tru·o·og o· bien triiu kilt h6n.

Gild phitp pht\n. cl! nl1y chil'll!.f tO .rfing trou~ e~.lt.J:) l, khOug cO; ttl! ]ll1fu1 hi0t gifi·a ~:t; IH'.n hlJy-gh\ tlu't vi gift u~,·i kh6ng h(>i dit <'!illn ld¢u vi< S!J iy ltt)u. 1\lhit.liun lw)t chi d:an, oi(rl hit';.n 1\YC gill thit lro.ng lu·u·11g ial, k~ [(1· ngity ef) );tin till. "fr<H· il_1i, C{LC hit)u llJ,'C trong quil kJu'l' vfiu c')n khOng- hi x6n h~) mile tli'iu 1~ilt. th\1. d5. vi

· plu.tJn vao clic· ilicti·Jiic;n.lu(tt <iliih. N•'li kr:,\<:, vl ,;J,iln dj lit"" chll titi d<ic n!J1it {tp dvng ci\ cho lrrrf?·ng h•1P Jy h6n vil tm.1mg l11;rp gi:i thit vi\ hi~u, 11cn· co lu:Jl kl!t\ng din uilllt; c!fu ly thuyel gill lh(< ngg ·un nhtr h·ong lu(tt ,\ u~r.~.)'. · ·

l:her;_ U.JJ.C.V,A.L, 'cimg ngily diln ginn cling co ~.u lmfrng xiu Jy <q lio·n lil' ilo·n phtro·ng rl'iy vo· (gi:\i <lap c•ln '175). Do do CaC duye1l CiJ' Jy hun trong l\IC 1<) tlur(rng k\. de rtuyen. c6• rdy VI{

. nu\ tn cln biln tH:n (g•hi <l!li> can 1&1). Ngolli· ra, ngu·i:>i vg con drrq:c l\lc I~ cong nh~.n cho quyen "in ly h6n nl!u bj ch1lng bO pM, d•inh tl(•p hay klu'>ll!l tun trqng tr(lt h): the t.hiep.

· Di~m quu <'.He dtiycn cit ly ])(111 ni·i l•'en, ta lhliy qqyen lqi ciia ngu·O'ltlim h!l, troug VltiJ ilC ly hOi!, khOng dngc d') lu~t quan tam den; Ngu·(ri chong co the rt'ty vo· Lrong !Jhfrng tm<nig

. hgp thiit xu1it, ngoil.i S\r .:an thi~p villd:'!m so:it ciia. ton· itn. Ca trub'ng hc,rp d(lng. llnh ly Jicm, din14 khr>ng c6 m(>l il:im Mo niw Cho ngu·~i c1t\n bit. HO"n Jllra, tr:cmg nhfiin~·tru·{yng J1qp nghia tuyct, cli-lu(lt con hil.t hnQc n!wiri clt!>ng pl:Ui hi) vq, niinlthOng bi 'hinh ph:Jl. Chi c6 me)! s<J It. tru·irng hgp dtw·c lu*t phap cong nh(\n cho c:l.. hai ngti'IJi phi5i ngiiu co qi1):eu xin Iy hou .

.. Bll hiilu l'o tinh thltn c:im Sl,r'qili dlnh nay; thict hrcmg pltili · Mn Mn .diu baa cim djn}1.chl'l Iy-hou troug co ph!ip~ Trongcttu -lu(tl, djnh ·eM ly hiln da 'c6.m(>f diu bl111 khttc hflu can htin Iron{(. . . . . .

97.

lu:)t T:\y plmo·ng. (r Au-My, "'! ly hon C6 th<! gini thich Mngba cileh : Hoi,ic gizl Ia m<)t s~· c<ly /u1n c/1~ l<lin (rlillorce-sanciion) dem l~i st:r <lOt)ll h6n h·ong lrU"<'mg hcyp m(lt ngtrc>'i i)hiJi ngl\n dfi can ph•.nn vlw T!hii·ng nghia V\l lhii!t yen cua l16n nMn (thong gi.an, \UI}. 1}: thi)nl -t~, cnn {m ve trQng tQi khien. danh dl:,l' gitt (IJnh hj lieu ian). l:lo(ic gift Ia m<)t S\r ccly lrdn gi/J.i C!rU» (divor~e rr~mt~de) .:t~ ehiim dt.'rt mc)t euQc sOng chung mA hni ngrr!)·i khC.ng tlti? chjn tlt:rng, nlm tru·img hgp m(\1 ngu:Oi ph6i ngliu hj ilic'm, hny hni VQ' cbl:lug tinh hinh xung khftc. Hoi,ic gilt li\ m(it S'!'

c<ly hcin kllii m\·c·» (di!lorc"-conlrnl), niOu gi:\ !In\ du:9·c coi Ia m<,\t khC utJ·c, ll! h.r nhit~n cfing ell ih~ rUng nh:)n cho hni btin duo·ng "IJ.' t'b tjny(ln !hiin thni)n lit\it hiiy .khc u·(re fly : ciil.y Iii tnr<mg h9·p llnt(tn l:lnh ly hc)n.

Trong dl-In,it Bong plmo·ng, giai phitp khac · hftu : t1ft r,:1 c:l.c chl)'t'll c6· ly lu\n d~n qni lm6·ng vl! qunn ni~m tr{lt l!J thicn nhicu. Tl1e0 liri hinh cln\ lrong lni).t. nh:l Thanh, do/in th~ vq chong chi co lh~ t,<iao !JOn v<i·i tr:)t t1y thien nhi~u ni'lu cac giiiy li~n J~c giii'o ''9' chong <hrqc phlit khili bung Unh y~u. Mt chiJt bil.ng nghTa v~1 vit dny trl httng Jii gi:\o. Thitiu m(lt trol)g ba yi'lu ki~n trcln, tr~L It'' thi.:iu nhmn !thong con n&a vii doim· thll VQ'

chllng s~ m11't ·cfit1 han. Qunn niem nay dfi gii\i thich r.o r¢t c1\c Sl).' qui djnh trong cti-In~t v~ bn Io:,ti duyen' c{r ly Mn : tmlmg'

.hgp thiit xu1it bi\1. ngulln & ·Iii gil'to, truil'llg hc;rp thui).n tin lily hlln dtt vito st:r khiem khny.,;L linh tliU'o·ng yeu giii·a "ha.i vg · chllng vil. h;l)'img h9·p I y hl\n cu:o·ng eM c6 th~ giil.i thich Mug Slf tuy¢lnghin· phtt ph~t.

0

. . ., .

L- CAY H91 :

r • ..:.. ,;xuat. thf» khdc ,'phdn df» hay »ly di» nhrr the nllo ? .

o,- Trimg bc!y trrrlrng hp·p »thift' xuat»; ·niim trrr~ng hrrp ,nao :Jlh<in · · .

.. '

cl:ii!u tra_ch nhigm .'bl.a ngrrlri vrr ·r Va hai trrrlrng hP"P. ,nao ·do . . · · · .. quyJn lp·i c'ua dQi gia dinh chi phil(?· · , ·. ·. · i . .. · · ' · · · ...

. ,·, . . - . . ·.: ·:.;; · ... :.·~ ;·-~;

.9R · ·''.. c: . ,: .. · ,,._::·,':~<;::.: . . · .. ~:< .. ::; .. .':-.. :J~

,

3-- Cac tru•img.h("p· «tam bift khti-• c6 IU~u /lfc ·gl ?

4·- Cdc trtrirng hrtp· athi1t xuift» cO tlnlz cdclz biit OttQc khOilg. ?

5·- Cac tru-irng hcrp nghi.a t11y~t au-ere qui •tin!' 11l~U( tllif nao trong 'lu~ Gia Long? Trang ln.Ji; nhil f>u-irng ? T rol!g t••c /i? .

. 6.- S,.r thuq.n tlnlz ly lt6n Jzw" qui dinh nltir tM t.ao trong lu4t · nhCl. Li ya trong tlJc lf., drl'iri il?ri N guyln.

7·- Cue tru-irng hp-p ly di co an viin trong .:~ lu~t.

8.'- Tirzh thiltr qui dinlz cac d1tyen co·. ly h5n 6- Dong Phu-o·,,g va . Tdy Phwo·ng klzG.c n..hau. :}:1 nG.v ?

. .. _x • .,- Ctlc tru-irng hcrp thif.t XU<tt va cdc tru-ltng.h{Tp tam biftlchri-. .

a.:.... S,.r thu¥-n tl11h ly hc1n vu 1J u•iTng h{Tp ly di co cin vein,

. 3·- Jllhirng quyen lrri tlqi gia ainh dii co dnh ltu-f11g the nao d6i vcri sti- qlli dinh ccfc duyen c& ly hlin. trong c~ ltztlt.

(CM y : m tili tang Mp .a'i!i hOi S!f my nghi), D?m hili de nghi :.

J.V;;~p de : S,.r qui din~ ccic dto•en c& ly Mn trong c3 lu~ rift clzU trpng ve quyen lp·i cua ilQi gia dlnh ( ciilz h(Ji 8 ).

lJoQn I. Nii.m trong bdy tru-irng lwp thiit xuiit can cw vilo ·quyen-I{Ti ilQi gia fflnh (ciiu hoi hai trin day).

lJotpz II. Ctlc trtrirng hp-p nghia tHy~ ciing ciin ell- philn '16-n .vao . quyen lrri dqi gia lllnlz (c<lll hoi s).

• • . I

lJ•Qn III. Cdc triltn,~ hrrp tam biit khlr cam .:tiy vp· .clillf! clin err vao quy~n lrri tlQI gia dinh vi bdo v~ ng~riri rl?m M co cong

,,o-; nhi! ~hong:

99

[~-----~ ~,;;;;;;:;~~I~U LTJC LY HON I . 1'1 I~T TJJ{J Ifill

cAc Hlu;I!J vvc L v HON

Nrll Iron(/ ("fl-111(11, CllC iii11J<11! co· I!! /u)n <tlrp·c qui ffinb lrh<'< • .1,';!1 l"tii, 1/'liil(ll·, eli<! btill ojll?t l!J h.ln kh~ng 11"ll"Q"i! till c~p il~n //"()11!/lll(il 1"tii!11 kho,[n 111io. C<l.le nhl\ llun lu(\l coi vi\n cl~ nity 'l"'" lt,r nhien v:i ghin. dj, mil] ngn·ii·i pMi ngau· snu khi da Jay t(ll lt.r clo citn "minh c1tt"!)"C Ill)". s· titi gift ha); t{ti !hti. Va <16 :~imll lit llli!C clich chlnll. yen cim djnh ch~ O<nat the hay. phr.n dj. ·

. Nittrng sl)'thl)"~, vifu d/! ldiong. do·n ginn nlm v•)y ; vi con ph iii !(iii i qnytit c:'te van dll·IiCit h¢ u1in hi\n s:in hny con Clli, ml)t klli hni VI)" chllng khongco11 chung silng v<ri ~han nii·n;.

' ·. Nghien c[ru cac hi~u hyc c.iia ly han, chting ta si! nh(ln thny rang m\ic clan chju 1inh htro·itg cita !Chong giao, lu~t pMp Viet~ Nam cling (!a tl).o iltt·qc site thai rieng bi¢t, phit h'!"[l v6"i cii.c· [IJC 1~ .h·ny~n 'thilng. .. ·

Li1n in(rt,. h·ong ti~t nay," se · xet cac hi¢u lvc ly Mn h·ong cb-lul)t Trung Bon y>\ c1'>7lu~ t Vi~f Nam ui'J ti~n vi~c so sunb.

J:JO~N THU NiiJ.T

HI~U Li.!C LY liON TRONG CO-LU~ T. TRUNG. HOA

Trona c"/i-I,Hil Trung Hoa kh01ig. c6 .ai~u klw1ln .nao giai . qll1Jf<l minh I hi iJiln ctl! nll!J. Giii·a hai v9· · chl3ng •. m(lt khi sv . xuuC lht; mt ·x!"iy ra,·lniii" ngnil"i. um;rc . coi nhtr·!ny l~i tt;r do. "eli~ . . . . .

mlnh, vlt c6 th~ lltm gih tlnl. v<ri ngtriti kh6c, l<hcmg co st;r can tro·.

Mi;ic dau thco quan ni~m co, ngtriri dau bi> tihie.u khi tt~ y khOng tru gil\, song khong e6 gi ngun ca.11 h9, neu lw mnrin, Nhit 13m hr~t tnm.g b¢ lu~X l!h:l Th~nh, cUng ch'i gt~i.i.1 ti&p ldtuyCn

. klrlch s{r lt ut}.y, ntci: kh6ag. -ng('f.ri ciim s{c ldi aid, h·ong n1~t tru:irng hqp dijc biP,t: «Neu ngu:iri vg hi riiy bo. c6 cl)nhay eMu c,6 ph1tm tu:6·c, rna o· vij.y, !thOng tai gil\, thi eiing iltrqc thu

' phong phiirn ltritc iiy. Ncu liti gia llti khoug d•1·9·c thu phoug. N€u hii gin :;au kbi rlri u.,rq·c U11.1 phong IJgu·Cri diu ba se 1ntit ph!inL tu:oc 1(y)>.

Boi vo·lllti srm cua ngtto'i vq, ciing khohg co dicu lu:).t'nao n6i ro. Tl1eo 1\tc !~ co Trung-Hoa, khi ng1.ril'i dan bit di lily

r c!Iong, cha m~ nt(>l chi ch.o quau iw, t1o lrang sire., cite do ili).C it gia trj.li\m cita hoi mon. Khi cha lll9 ru(>t cha l)gtr<ri con giti chi du-;re hm'mg tht'ra ke lroug lnriwghgp khong co11 tlu\n

. nhun. nito t:·ong h9 ilu·<;>·c l(tp l'!'. Trm'rug hgp nity ri\t hiiim, vl so ngu:M ilm:rc· 11;\p lg c6 :riit nhicu trong !H).

· N6i khilc, m(lt khi Lay chong, nyu:o-i adn bti 11'u·g·c coi nltu: c6 ng"·&i chOng ganh llac, phil ir9". l:Hn khi b,i chong bo, .nwxcri

"ail!' biz l(d do gia (tinfi biln long plui il'Q". Chlnh vi Je do,.ncn ngu·i>'i dil.ll bii gi)p lnrirng hQ'P «hii-u ~lr lhtt, v6 so· quy» ·(NgltTu lit !tic li(y chong ,thl c6 b(i con, mil khi hi ri'iy M Uti ldtoog 'c6n .. b;l: con de tiu:o·ng lt;ra), Uti ngu·il'i chOng kh6ng lh~ bO du:o·c . . . . Theo iue I¢ cil ~u~- Trung-fioa, nilti h! ~h(Ju·g b(,, ngtrll'i dim

. hU c6 quyen lay 1\li c{tc do u(tc dil mung vil nh:i chong. . . ' .

· Boi v6·i cue con, theo quan ni~m gia dlnh ph\t M che cue con pluli o· l~i vo·i cha. Tuy nhieo, cdc day. lien h~ miTu tU:

· kMng bi s(r ly 11611. :i·6a · bo. Do <16. cac. ·coo ciing pii!.J d1l tang. J;~gm'>"i m~ m<}t Hatil thay vi· ba uilm, neu ·ngu:6i m~ c!Jct. Du·u'i dl!i nha. J;Jrr<:rng, Hoang h~u Vo-luc-Thien ld1i len ngoi; vi muon Mnh -i•'!c qnyen !9·i nfr phui. 1l1t sii-a l(ti .ln~t cii v!i bil.t con ph:ii d~ tang lla na1n <to~ vil'i m~, m~w 'dllu hai c;ha

1.01··· . :::· .. : .. :;;.·: ·, ·· .. . ' . ~ ... ··- ·- ;

nw dii ly h6n. Nhu·ag di~u h1~t nily ding chi dn'(!'C thi hitnh tro'ng khi Vo-tac-Thien lri vl. ·

Snu hel, d1ii vl>'i hil con Mn VQ' hay b8n chiJng eli, •11' ly hon dii chain dirt cite ugh in V\1. Do d6 theo s•.r qui djnh trong lu~!, nb m¢t ·sl!' plu;tm pMp ':<1\y m gifra rn¢l ngrr6'i vg bj rlly IJci -va llio con cii Mn clriing, s(t' ph:pn pluip s~ <hn,rc xii: theo ci1c di~u lw~l ap d\mg cho ngtrcri thrrcmg (') .

. :oo~lLV THO' H.U

Bl~lH!JC LY-Hf..iN TRONG co-t.u~.T vA we -I.~ vi~T-NAM

Tl'ong co lu(lt ·Vi~/ Nam, 'co .rat it itieu lclzo?m lien ·h~ itiin hiq;r l(e<: lg hon, son!JI(rc I~ ff<i liin. Illn kicn ltw l'a m9l qui eM itt'!G bi(!~ vim. ph it lti)'Jl v6·i t6 chl'rc gin c1inh ph\1 M eM, vira kh6ng hy siph holm toan quyen lc;ri ciia ngtrO'i dan ba,. kh:l.c htln v6'i co.lu(.lt Trung-Hcia. . . · · ..

Bfii vo·i c:'11; moi tu:o·rig q1ian gifi-n vg ch()ng, ·cac· nghia V\1 phu ph\1 Ie d'i uhieu c1uvc ch1im d1H vi gin tlni kh6ng c6I)nli·a .. Hai Mn ril!tz c6 thl! ilrwe ttii gia hay ccii lhii v&i ngu:Cti khtic, khdng GO gi can 11'0'. : I

Biam nay giong ell lu;).l Trnug I-lo!J.. Song .vll hic1i ll!'c ly han U01 vai cac con cai vii diii v&i tlti san Cl1U . hai VQ' d1llng

. tuc l~ cita ta da co nhfrng sfic· thai d~c b1~t, khac han ciia Trung-Hoa. · ·

v~ van (1e cdc con. cUi, cling nhU' v6·i moi van de khac trong dan lu(.lt so· d'i nln\. ·]lun lu(lt . khong .O:ll .c(lp 'Cieri, lit vi'

·.za. n!{hia Vel I(IC I~ thu:&ng 'gitii lJ.IIY'CI on thoa ctic Jch6 khan. Trong gin dinh ph\1.he, Ie lt~ nhien, cac con· mung hg cha, sc er I:.li t.r:ong gin dlnh vo·i cha. Thea U.B~.C."\r.A.L.. (giili .dap ci\u 177),

.h.ai vg chllngcib)gc6 thll thoa.tnu:).n v&i nhau uL~n¢t so con. theo cha, va mc;.t so thea !n~. Tuy nhien, kh6ng ph~ ~ac day ~~~n

. .

lu~ri ~D I

..

.•

. ..

lq.c m~u tir dli hi cllt dtft hi\n giifa cac co11 ya ngJl"<Yi lll\l clli rOi gia dinh. Theo tang ·eM cl.rrqc qui djnh tmng \u(lt Gin-Long vil H\ln g-ihi·c Thi~n-chfnh-thrr (do~n 22 vii 2a) dol vM xual mifu (ngrr<ri nw (Jii hi' ly di), l1ay doi vM gici. miT11 (ngl.flri nw ua tai gia), cac cou vllu. phi\i dl! tung m\11 num. f:lil!m nity cling du·qc ):•if':' nhdn f'"'"'""" .. ~· ~ ,..;~; .f.t ... _I:( -t..,,_, .., ... - Tl, .... , .. • ... . •. ·· ·--";:--- • ..,.,.. •• 0 ..,..._U h ... ,., U.U.J! .:JV .1.1 OJ '-'Qll U,J..J,\.4, V .~,J_,. .

Yii ocm .delci.i SrUI, ii'Oiig lwj.t ciing kboug nOi den, di~m miy ciing dli hi~u, vi ngay doi vai hie litni gia thu, ph>\: lam lu~t. darig Je phai qui djnh che. UQ h6n san Va Sll qniin tr~ tai san dta. ha~ vq chong, mit trong ln(lt tuy¢t nhien khoug c6 m¢t Jib khoi1u nllo d~ c{lp minh thj den vilu <lc de, Gia thtl du·Q'c coi uhu· rur;>t Cl!nh chc c6 tlnh c:i.~h c!to dgp ;-a trang nghi~m, uh£im nwc.dich tho• ph\mg tC; tii>n va noi dol tong drr.Yng, chli-

. khOng .phiii vl tien lhl di~n san. Vl V<ty,. khi ly hon,. nha lam lu(lt ciing khOng de. c~p den van de nay. Theo t\tC I~, neu ngtrcl'i dim M khOng lam diilu gl !iii nhtr lrtrirng . hQ-p. khong c6 con nta bi ly di; ngtrcri uy thu·cmg chrqc ilem tai sap rieng cua mlnh ve. Tnii l~i. neu ugn·O'i li.y lam lOi (nlnr tmo·ng hqp rlly V<;f

thong gian) Uti khong tltrQ'c. lay I,li cim rieng. TtJc l~ nay c6 lii hilt u·gui1n' o· dieu· ·!01 I-long-flt'rc, trirug ph<ll n!(hiem lrhl\c ngtriri vq· ugol)i tiuh (biit ln~n vq cltanh !my vq. lhir) ; ngtro•i uy h! plu.it l¢i lu·u, con cac dien san phiii <1~ l(ti cho chClng. ,.

· ~.gu·Qoi vg b! bo c6 lh~ dem theo clic nir trang lrhOng ?. Trong lm}t ciing khong c6 dieu nao qui ·din b.' minh thj, lt'ly l\tC le giai qnyet. ,1'fldng 1/tU:(Yng, nllci. dton,g !l'il clzo n,qtrir/ D9' atrQ"C aem lheo cac tu:-lrcwg vci. 'f!li'in ao, va /(l.i nltil·ny· ci!; vtjt nciy ngiry xtra, lrong m(!l xii lz9i iC<}Itg nilng, .cuny kllilng ci~g gici. baa nltieu, clii c6 ru(>ng vu·.<m nha CJ'r.<t m<'ri <l!nig g'!l't.

. Giai dap cac dieu t7S va 183, U.B.C. V.11,L dll cbo lliet trong htc l~ •. h:.\u quii cuu •t:t· rfiy VQ' ·v.a ly h6n, gioug nbau, chi plzdn qi~t ~t'l.!JII!cp V(J' c/z/Jng, co con 'hay k!tOng_. •

· 1) Neu co con, v9· kh6ug Hiy.l;ti ciia rillrig da dem ve nha chong, hay cac cua rieng dli .tllrqc l~ing troug khi gi:i. tM. Tat en lili san ricog c~a ngtriri vg cfiug viin llQp v&( cac h\i san

· khac tMnh .m¢t khili ch\mg.do ng¥·M ch1lng qt;iin trj. Ngn·o·i · ·· vrr chi lify ls;li e~\c d1l ltr !rang quun no vii.' cac del v~t· ri!)ng •

'·'· ... , 103. , ...

. - .:: .. ~- ·. :_.:: .. ·.:: ... :. \. .. ·:·- ... ·.· ' .

Ngtriti ~hUng c6 thn gino thCn1 cho inQt sO LiCit, ultiCu J1ay·it t:Jy theo tiJi s:lu riCng <tU s!;! g6p sti·c cita ugu·t;d VC)' viLO c6ng cu<)c Ht::a lin ehung; S6 H§u "fiy cling ph3i 1 hay d.~l t1hiCu it, b.iy Uwo · · tn~· JM lh1n ella ngtr(d v1j· l\l1it!n phiH ly dj. N6u hai vry ch011g . chi:t n1unt cflc con ('.ftl, thl ih6ntS fhtr6·ng hQ ciing c.hia nhau .~.~,; titi :«in.

2) NCu hpi vg chl1ug !thong c6 con, ngtr!.d chtug lio.an J~i cl1o vq· car. iai sUn ri~ng v1\ cbia cho n1<)t plliin <'.lta clnmg,

. Hmirug iu m~t mh nlurng.kMng vMi h(la:t l:~i nhfrng titi. san· <!rr b~in tron.g gitl.tln\.

Thy nhit~u,. ~1J.>_C,V.A.L. cling nhfinm.:;tnh rftugi:1~ong nl!ii3u trulrng h9·l) .rl\y VQ', ngu·O·i chCiug khOug t,ri.tnl cho vq· l~Cl v~l l1ay tilln 'oong gl d. Tr:ii i(ti, tt·ong lmo:ng hcrp '!y Mn tru·Q:c<:i•c nha m(nt quycn l<ri c1h ngn·Oi dai1 h:'i dll·q·c bi\o dam han vi!. ngrrbi nay ueu <111-;>·.:: !den, tlm-img dtr(fc mOt s<l ti~n h~fthri&ng· . hay l'iip drr&ng. . . · · ·

[] ' .

I- Fli?u l(!'C !y Mli IJ<ry:o qai dj:zlt ;;.,\z,.• uit n~o · tro.•g lu~t T.rurig llaa·: ·

a) fJiii vi-i qriy~n tal gid c:ia ucu:¢:i t•r r b)""Diii vM dl.i 's&l!·c:1a .. "gU'Iri vv· ?'

c) iJOi vc,"i. cdc con. ? ,

' ...

. . . . · z.-. Ilii~ l{ic .Zy lzfm tM( Plfi cdc Con tlwo ttJC.l~ Viit j!am. · _ #: . 3,--: Hf~u l~rc zy l:Sn d5i .v_O·i ui.t' sl~ cd~_ngrr3-i 1'9", tjL~a :tt;c 11. . -: ·

1!.-:-: TI~U !LU~N :-: ;'. ·. '-';.. ' .: ..

··.,., ·:~:-I •• '• "-.·

..

So sanh hifQ.lt:c lJI. hOn :irong· c:a "p!uip T!~ng.Iloa·va ClrpMp · .... .. ViQt._JVaiii.· .. - : ·• .. ·. :. . . .: .. .. . •. , ...

·: __ . :: .. · .. : ·;::::_, .. ;.:.·.:{ :_:·-.--~-·. ::.:: ·,.{.::::)~0;~,~£Ea;.;:~i;:::.;:~ · .. :_:;::w~

·;~~-£. ~::, .. .- : .: .. _·

II II

CHUO'NG Tlf(/ BA

Khc)ng <lm;rc: qtd <ljnh c6 M thi'lng, trong cac b<) ci'l-lu(l.t cac van i.!iJ ph!.l ti\• ll<)' hay CUC moi ftrang quail giU·a ciw vd COil

· · · vo1i thur}c vc ph[llll ui lqc l~ 1!/lii!u fl(]'Il za. ph(wt vi plldp ·tug.t ·ihdnlt 11i'ill.

Sty noi riii tOng <ln:o·Dg vit pll\mg s,.- tli ti~n li\ m(lt dien M trQng fl·ong giR uinh l.heo ph\J h¢ eM. Vi vi)y, nha niui. ctmg . mOnffsCr.m cou ch{rn, vit ei.tng dOng con chUu, c-iuig dLr·Q'-C cqi h\ · lm(mg·nrueu ph(tc ih'rc. Nho· iY it'! glc\o. vit thui'in phoug my t\tc, vli. ~iing nhir & ph:ip lu~\t nghicm. trj l<,ii thong girin, nl1frng trn:O'ng hen> 'sinh con ngo,,li tinh rat hiem. Han n&a; trong gii dlrilr phu .M cua b, Dgn:oi chong ngoai vq- d, <:on drrgc <iuy.en Iayth8n1

· v.r:j th.ir yir_ nil.ag hliti,, .vl v:)y c~\c Con si_nh. rn dCri C1U'Q'C)lgtfcYi .· ch<Jug cUug niu}n, D~it ·lu~n-ltt-con Vf)' cit, cou v~Q· thii· .hHy..Dilng ·. hau, dcu lit con cliinh lhcrc va .tro'ng ·c&-ltt~t 'Vi~t~Nal;ll ··l,;,~oni:

• · c6h;mg co.n ngO<tH!nh ve phla ngm'l'i cha~-- ... . . . .' : · ... :. . . •• I'.. . . .• . .

Gili·a cite con cu.a Y9' chinh, v9· !her hay ·ua·ng hau chi .c.6 . ·.rn¢.t sg plian hi(!t lien M (!lin d!a vj treu dtr6-i trong-giu diuh.·

Con vlf cl!inh dil:u it tuoi, buo gil>' cling duvc coi Ia .ann; doi v&i · : 'de. coi•'ciia v'rt t.hU: hay tua nang hi\u·, $\f ·._ph:l.a .bi~(-uiiy :.rat'·

quan M ve phtro·ng dj~n te l~r. vi i1gu·1Yi cori dugc ·trn :tien chi•· :·_ .. d/uli.d~ h-ung n·om ''i~G pll\mg ~·.no tieu hao.gilt'~iinli.I!\ nguiY~ .'

· · ··-·ti·u·O·ng.JHtill trong sO.l~<ic cOil V(ii:l1; Ngu·O·i fiy·gQi li.t.d!ei~·-ti'r . .:'i. · . .. · :· Kho1ig. c6 cotl iru·o·ng ·mai ch9n'.'con· t)icr va khOug c6 ·caD.·v& en: ;:'

" ·.:. m'ili'.chori den"cou vo· i!ur. . . . •' . ·' ·:.:· . -..:,. . ····: . ' . -:· :~· . .· .. ·· . . : ·, . . .... •. . ... ..::: .. ·.· .. -... : ., ~~-;. _............. •, ... \'' :.:

>: · ·. · ... · · ·· . ·.··.···:'.-. .-_ .. ~.,·· ,·_._: .. _, ___ .:-.. ·.·_,_·_,_J_--u,5.·.~:~.--;,·~--:~-.~--'': ~\.~~~~-:~il-~:·:::;~::~.&;~~:---~ ::~·:;:; ::_::~ .. ;:'> ··:···: _,,. . <·: .. :-·~ .... . . ~ ~~-

Chinh vi van ile plu.uig Slf tll tii!n Ia lll\lC. dich toi y~u lroug gia dlnh Viet-Nat\1, nen nfu khong c6 con ciii, ngn·M ta thm'rng l(lp IJ!' vh nuoi <>On nu6i.

Lnn Juyt, cln\ng ta sc .. nghien Cll"ll ve :

1.- Tif hO:.·chinh lht'rc ..

2.- Tir M. br sinh.

3 . .:.. Ngh!a drrfrng.

TJET THO" I":Ufr\T

Til H~ CHfNH THO"C

Trai hiih viYi luo).t" p)ulp hi~n l(li, eli "lu(lt Vi6L-Natn kh6ng qulin h\m diin s~ x~c djnh pll\1 M chfuh !hire. N6i cho dung

.hO'':', qnyen xlic "ainft pil(tl!(! chinlt /hli-c ail alr(I"C ·tt/u) /<im · fllQi iltira nlt~n m(ic I hi c:Jw ngrru-i clue: U'[l cil cite con den lit con qhinli tbtl·c, Mt ln:).n dt'ra tre ny dtre;rc siuli troug hay ligoai vong gia tM ; nhrr v:).y !chong thll c6 con ngo:.ti t.inh ve phia

. ngtrili cha.

· Ttly nhi~n, cling c6 nhii·ng con de hoat)i:l hay con trr sinh do. m¢1 ngrrlri "dan ba kh6ng c6 chong sinh ra vii kh6ng c6 ai tht'ra nh~n.· Ngoiii Tn, ll~ll ccin 4o m(>t ngu·o'i dim bit C6· ch<lng sinh ra, mit ch<lng . kh"Ong nhln nh:).n, · thl dti'a Ire Ia con ngo(li tlnh.

. M(ic dan tr6ng gia dlnh ph11 M eM, van d~ .sinh con vii nhllt Ill sinh con trai rat quan tn;mg, song nM "liui1 lu~t kli6ng he qui djnh SJ!' suy doan pht). It~ chinh tln\·c ulnr lrong dail lu(lt

· hi¢n d•)i. Tuc l~ da · d1inh cho ngu:i,.) chong nhii·ng qnyen h:,m rat "r¢ng rai ·Ve Sl! nh*n con ho(ic klm·IYc tO: j:>h\1 h~. Trong gi) cAc rigi1•Cyi con chinh .Lhti·c, ngu:b'i con trai clt g9i hi dich tii·, c6 m(lt dja vj rat quan trQng ve phrro·ng ili~n te ('!'· "i)o d6, c6·ba

.. van de can drro·c ban t1l$n: . . . . . · ·1 • ...:. Ly do ~11ln~l kMng qi1i djnh ve. !if li~· ci1Inh tht'rc:.

I _;..·

· .. lOU.. ·

-~~--~~;~~-~-~{.:~-~~-~~:~Lc~.: ,:,_, ...

.• . - ··- : . ..... · ........... : ..... \

..... : -~·.::~· : ::·/ ··-:? .· 1

_,, '·: -"":~~-~~··.:.. ........... -~.:! : .... :~')..

Ill !I

2.- Quyen h:.m cua nguiri chu dlii v~i ph(t. M chlnh thirc lrong tuc 1~.

3.- van de <lirh liT .

. Trout{ c'?J hu)l. Hong plnrcrng n6i ~..~hung, vzt eO lm)t Vi¢t Nam noi rit~ng J;hong c6 m¢t dicu khoiiu nuo qni <ljnh vc til· hi) chinh t.lni·c. Tlu\i d(\ miy co thi.l giiii thlch dtrq·c bang hai ly do:

1\ ..... 1)'") .... , ··- , .. ; .. ,Ill C' .. l" I· .. h()plt .-..;au "'I·(~ h1 ..... )r'\ i:)Aprl r· 1tU'O'nd , ... ~····'l"'·'"'··Y •'-l ..... '""z::,::,•·~·~ ... ., ... Y ...... n_"'~ b)

gh\ thll c6 rm..tt (0.ch sinL \~On <1~ nOi rO.i tOng chl'ITng." Cdc Con sinlt lrong yia tlui au:r;n;J nhicn Iii. c611 chinh /Mrc:. Sl! ngo(li iinh li1. mgt l!ii phrmt rill n(lng tru:6·c a(lo l{J ua pluip lu~t:

. Pbopn vito ngh1a VIJ !rung thimh;ngtriti dim ~it, nlm tn' ~a hie!, hi lulit Hllng Him (Bieu ~Ol) trirng ph(tl rill nghi<'Hn ng(it. Ngoai ra gian phu cfbig hW¢i rat nl,ing. Trang lw,U Gia Loitg ciing trirng pln.tl s~r I hong gimr; Tuy nhien giU·a hoi he,\ lu~l Hong Bite va Gia Long ciing c6 m¢t "" sai bW lrong_ s•t che lai.

Theo di~u 4\ll Hong Bti:c, «TMng gian v6'i v9·.nguiri kMc thi pluli t<?i llm huy l¢i cMt: Th6ng ginn vo·i n~ng hau ngu·iti khac, thi l<)i giam mr)t b;).c. Neu lit quan to thi sil. xi'r khac. Ke ph~m ·t1>i den ·ph:l.i n(>p . tien !1). nhu· lui,\ I». Sg trir'ng Jl~l).l nghicm ngi,it nity Ill ·m¢1 di~u rieng bi¢t ciia lu~t nhi\ Le·. kh6ng c6 lrong Iuat nha flu·o·ng.

. Tl;ten b.;> Bttitng lu~.t sit nghj, S1J' lh6ng gian chi phlii ph(l.t . t(>i <16 m{>t nam rll'i'Yi ; th6ng gia·n vo·i dim bit c6 chong, thi pbai to;>i do 2 niim ('). · ·

Troug·IU(ll Gin-Long, theo lm).t nhit ~I1in-Thanli, tw thong . gian c,iing hj trirng ph(lt nh~ ho-n ll·ong lu<\t nha Le, va nhe ho·n· · ca Iu~t nha'·Btritng.

. . ... .

T/teo ~ieu 332 · Gia~Long, phi\m ke h6a gian (nghia 'Ii\

.(1) Cl~·r.rii~Q. gi5~·a~ nhllllileu l,>itu :: hilu pbu gia, a~ nhl ali:~ (chuo:ug·.' '· . . l~p ~~~lJ. . . . . . . . : . . . .. .

. · ·.·• ... . .

&~~:0:%~~-:~;~;~~i;~~~~~\~~·.:-/: ·,

1 I !

thong ginn c6 sg trng thui).n cua ngu-o·i ditn M) thi ph~i ph(li 80 trm:mg. ThOng ginn vcYi ngtrlri dim hil c6 chong thl phai ph~t no tnrc;rng. Ph(lm tc)i clien-giaiJ (tighia lit dtt <16 ngu-M ditu batheomlnh.di iio·l klH\c thong. ginn) thl phi\i ph<tl 100. tru:Q"ng, hUt lu(ln Ut ngtril'i dim bit.c6 chong hay khong ... ·

So s:inh cite eM titi nghicm khiic. cua bl) lui).t Hong-Bti·c vo:i Ct\C hlnh ph(lt nh~ h,-n cua nhit Bu·lmg Vil nha Thanh, ta . c6 th<: kl!t ln,\n rang . nhit l:)p phap . lrieu T.c c!U phiin. chien h·ung th~c tiuh than gin .dlujl Vi()t-Nam, trong SlJ' caiil :doan . td¢t d~ tqi thOng r,<inn v6f ngu·D'i dim M c6 chong bang each trc~ tr8n c1an ginn phu vit\ni\nh ctm·hinh phl,tl.n(ingnhi'it lit t\'>i · cML Quf dfnh .nhu: vf).y,. nita l*p· plit\p Hong-Bti·c d5. rihlim ·l,i,tic

·.: t11ch bat -mc?i ngu·i'l'i. pl)t\i ton' lr9ilg nen t:i.ng m<)t . gia ilinh dli : ; du'gc thanh lt)p. Xain. ph1,1m vao S\1' truug thimh. ciia m{>t ngu·lri

i1•\n bit. c6 chong, ki\ hi t~i khon'g r:oi1 d:itig si5ng h·ong xa h¢i n~ .

. · 2) Ngoai sg frirog ph1,1t nghiem ng~t giau phu dam pli\t ve phmi·ng di~n liinh S\1', b,IC 1¢· c6 !l)' l)gan xu·a 0' Dong plmO"ng 'dii s.an sor; viP,c sinh lu.t cac conm•)t each d~c·bi~t. C6 tM· coi

. mic ~(tc 1¢ 1iy,:nlni: m'¢1: .str xac.nh(\ntif h~ chinh thti:c dtr6i.hinh . 'tln'rc d/),9. dao· etta nghflli: · '· · . . "/

. Tu;·I;hi~n ve· plnwng di¢u nay, ttic i¢ ctia ta cung kh:i~ t;J~ I¢ Trung-Hoa. .' ·. · · · ..

. 0' "f~mig-Hua, ti1eo st\c~ L~-Ky, ti~it)n. N¢1-tlic ,l.j n•) :. (cac. · .. phep !lie ti'ong gi'i ¥Q; c6. lhlii den· th~tig c.~ti'ii 'cimg · tnr6·c.lthi sinh h,<, nll.tn o-: trt\c ·ph6ng (phong lieri). Cho ·:'den llgay sinh, ngu·<>'i chl1ng, mOi. ngi,.y hai ll'in. clH)._ngll'Oi -tlti hOi tin. Neu sinh con· trui; lhl !reo ct\i ·cting o· b<!'n tnii canh· c~·a, 11eti slnli ~on ga( thi tnib . cai khrl'.' a· ben Jl.Mi c.l.nb cira· ... Biln

· hn ngily sau thi bal. dliu h~ tHrn tre. Neu It, .co.n trai, .:.ngcriri,la. · b!ln cung (lo l' .mon.g :sau nay dti·a tre c6 .ch!I6·n bOn· :phtrO"ng bny ~lin); uhu· mUi ·ten) (1). Neit h\ con g:i.i, lht kh6ng·lam gi.

. . . . . . . ., ' . . .. · .. (1) .Tt'r phtro·nR h~ thl ho~c !oog'.b~•ili hZI llll. · (!Iil lhl: lUiii l~n·b~ng c~

. hO. Ta,;;g bl"mg.: Cuug lltiatfd(y cHiuJ.. . ' ·· . ~ . . . . .

. -. :.108.

• •• -•.,, • I '

:..::" :..: •.·: ~ ... :'• .. · .. .... : . .. .

'.· . -

•' ....

IIIII

Trontr eiJe nhi=l tli1:1U hr6·c, vi6c siuh t!'.Hl bnt"· r!ih r:l.ng: l;l Jn{>t .vi~c ;~rui mtrRg ;:hrq·c th~et 13(:~. Ngol1i t':l. tr-on;.: ... nil .::l\ ~H\n ginn, khi du·a bC cltr<)'C !Ja lhimg. ngti'il'i Ia d'tt 1/,r. <:.ho n6 il:'l n1()t ct'd ehOm LrGn hai tlu\i dll'o·ng v;\ hhn lE~ lrlnh di~n t.h'T'a hC cbo ngll'lti elm ( i!.t JL .J:f; -T ). Dfft Jw)n gia Uinh gilm ng!1€•o. !~ nay i.Jao gi<'l cung auvc to cht'rc lr<~ug nghiem. H<!n "i(ily c1il clH.Jn lnro·c, hai elm nw il<'.n u:).y s<'rm; ti'\m rira ibay qnh.n llo mM. Ngn·Oi vv be con tlr I"L·ong ph6ng c'li ra, tuijt qu:ty ve phln D<lng Ngu:iri cha m('>l lay ci1m tay phai dt'm be,· uti¢ug biit eiHr{re m:ng noi clw l1ui nh.i, vit <1~t leu cho clint bC ( ~ ·II< • .;;- ""- -;t;· ·~r- •<\: ,'Jt.. .r; .:~.).

Ngn·cJ·i cl1n h:'lO cho n1Qi ngtrlt·i h·ong hr,, .hHH t<.\n d(ra eon vit vi'ff vilo ntQl to· giliy : «Ng:'ty nu), thAng tnc). u:iin m{), .sinh len mb» l'') : :rt. ..lf- :)};; }f t.t u :~t :1 ,fq

"' .":). (Hfiy nAy U[l'()'C linn them hni bun nu·n, . m\)t~·J,:l.n lu:u gi.ii· & Phlt, I1J£,il bi\n dmy&n len till !Lrn giii· o· Chlln.

Nghi I~ nity, rn\)l phltn n;!n ilii gii\i quyP.I rln·'."' S\t xAc djnh vlt i!iin clu'rng ph\t h¢ chinh lh!'t·c i'r Trnug Hoa. Nhn·ng 111c 1¢ ciia tn !thong chap nh:)n nghi Ji\ nay. Mij:c · dan ugiay ·nay vfin cOn L~1c rm mirng dhy tlu\nfl, hny <lily nUm dt1·n _trC. va citch di\y chi V>\i ch\tC uiii~I, vtin con 1\JC cttt t(lc 'chc~ trc so· •inh de cht)mho(\c d~ trld ciao tuy lhco lit con trai hay con giti song . kh6ng c6 l\IC·iitm ](; lriah ili(m u(\t ten Y<l lu:n: gifr giify, IW\ d/! !On)iun !Ji'irig, .' ':,

11.- QIL!Jyl!n h;m ciia ngu-C.·i c~a ?rong tyc 1~.

Theo l<'ri.giai clap cue c<ln hbi 187 ·va ticp c:).n ei1n try hun Co-viln An-1¢, ctic ng~r.~l'i con .,inh trori'g lhui k!i yiuLMt kMng H ngrrM mr. 1ti U9' tilinl! hay Ulf llul· ctiia <tn·Q·c coi nlm mn r.hili/J th(rc

. ciia ngzrr}i chiJng. ·NI>.frng ngu:oi con ily kh6itg but bn¢c phai dlin ch(rng lir M c1ta mlnh. Trong l\tC 1¢, khOng phltn !Ji~l uhir, Ddn ln~[ Cua.!'h:ip, C(tc.Jo~i C'Oll sinh lt·ong ·180 J1g1\y SJlll· khi· h\rn giii lhu hay qm\.:100 ngity·khi·gia lln'1 ·,m do<,tu ticn,]lc;>~c. san· khi ngu·eri ch1lng·di1 lhifl·luug. 1\Ic i~ cl1a ta.cQn:rida\ng fin din.l! thiti ky toi .thii'ln ·vii tlu'!'i'ky .lui dU. ilff·lhai nghen Io\ lmo nhi~u. ·. 'fuy ng1~q·i Ia vlin cling nhQ.n thiri ky.'thai ngheli.thirlmg chi Iii 9.. .

.'

. ::-.:. ·: .- ;.; . . :·. ·,

.. ·. lon .. ,,.

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tMng 10 ngay, 280 ngay, nlitrng ngm'l·i ta ciing khong lo:).i trir ·nhfrng tmimg hgp cac Ire sinh san uilm. !hilng .hay 'qua 12 th>lng tlini nghCu. ·

a) Boi v&i nhil:ng Ire sinh ra 7 !hang snll !chi liun 1:; cu;ai tuy c6 'th~ h(l nghi v1l SlJ' donn chlnh c1m ngtriYi m9, nhrrng du:a tl'~ viln dtrqc coi lit con rn(>t cua ngn·oi ch(lng. N~u · c6· nhfrng. dflti hi~u de non thi· bao gio· du·n tre ciing d~rq·c ngll'il'i chllng nh:)n. Vit d6 ciing lA. tmlmg· hc;rp th<ing. th tro·ng. · : . :

T1;ong II'!r!mg b(rpngrr&i cbiJng di n!fhi "~ plrz,r h~ ngu:M Ia . ilur&n!J llui-man. Hai .giqt mim ciia chllng v:\ crw illi·lt be dtrQ·c

trlch J1[y vi.t khnify trong tn(\t hilt mrirc. Nett hai gic,>t · mau l<Mug hila liin v&i nhnn, .dirn ti·e khOng du·qc ·coi !It ilon. cua ng~ril'i chllng; · ·

T!·ong lrtrlmg hc,>·p ngtril'i v'Q· kh6ng donn· chioh trir6·c khi . gia thu, ,thu:il'ng ngtrlti ch<lng ~iing khOng mu11n ki¢ri' c:l:o trtrac t oa !In d~ tranh d~r I min han tan. .

· C6 khi rh¢l ngtril'i da Iuong tu1li' ch~ra c6 con, ll,li sRn· I(mg nli(\n llun con mlnh du·a Ire <lii dtrQ'c tln1 thai, khi c~rO:I · ngrril'i dan hil h\ni v9·. ·

b)' Boi v&i nllfi·ng Ire ~inh ii'Ong· thM j,!i nrwtli cl;6ng· i!i vling lw(ic /lial tung- quci 300 .ngciy, ng1rtri chllng c6 til'!! :dn 'klw·6·c tu.: ph(z h\'· Trong.!hJJ:c. tll, nguo·i ··chong Lh·t~o·ng thea ni(\t t~·ong ·h.ni thai d(\ san : hol.lc 'gill he,> im lij.ng ve tlnh c!tch bat thrrimg . c.ua SJ! sinh de. pity, hoi/,c gia he,> rli:y, V9' vit bo dira c~m. cho ngrrM vq·. Cite. giiii ph,:ip tr~u nay, thc6 .Uy-hun Co-van An-1¢, th~rlrng da th1iy ilp· d~l!lg (\· mlc.trong tnro·ng hq·p ilgu'l'l'i. ch<ltig c1i. xa (ho~c sang Phap, ho~r. vao Nam) khi tro· .vll thfiy vq· eta sinh de· · snu lt\c h9 ra di qua 10 .tlh\ng. ·

· Boi v&i c:lc tre· sinh ':qua tl;Oi hl).n 9 thang 10 ngay san khi gia-tM hi do(ln-ti~u, ng~rOi chllng hoi}c gia-dlnh ng~ril'i chllng

. J;i~ll· ngrrO'i nay da n1¢nb in(> I, c6 th1! :klmac. Ill: du·a Ire: ay. Nlnrng'nhicu khi, ctz'ra tril. sinh ra 12 har(13 (hUng .san klri. gia thu .bi tlorm lieu cling vi'in (tzr'!,C cot ld con ch/Jng cif vl tle /iln /hang : /l'll'tJ:i!g hp•p nay; ·f.(!C gpi l£l ((C]u£-a frllll>>. . .·· . .· -. .

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Sau khi dfi XtH ve Sl,t' suy du(tn pht.1-h~ ~rong t\H: 1~. ta din phai biet xem t~te. lc ca qui (fjnlt t6 qnyen klm6-c Hr plJ\t h~ kh<lng? Nlnr tri!n dii noi. thm'rng l<hi nito ngu·o·i chong kh<.'\ng n1nOn nh(ln con vi lC ngtH'ri YQ' khOng donn chlnh, ngu·6·i :fly rl\y -v9· v<\. bO con cho vv. ~eu ngt:rOi vq di-ngh! tO a ~\?. sC philn xU: v~ vi~c klurttc l11·. Trong lifc-14 l:bong c6 m9l. tluH{lc ndo u(? eric lJ{l ndy ctl (gi!li d:'i.p Uiea 18H). .

Str khtr6·c tir CUB" c() th~ do uutri>'i cha tuyen-h5 a trong . n ~ ~

h(Ji-di5ng gia-t(lc vO:i :::a.r hi~n-di¢n cUa· c_ac hu·o·ng cln\·c. Slf' klnr6-c llr nay kh<lng ML-hu\ic ]>h:ii litm lrong lhiJi-h(tn uito ci\. ?~lliCn khi s1._r_ khu·b·t~-\Lt· d(t do c::'tc ngu·()'i lhlrn·-ltJ '~~In ngu·('ri ~~hOng neu len, <1€ tranh nhau gia h\i do ngu·ld cl.~t:t di! l~i. (lii:H-ditp <lieu 1 00).

Thfm plu)n cun ngtril'i con hi khtr6·c ttr se nlur the nao 'I Ngtriri con ny.se phiii do !lgtrtri VQ' <li'tni nhl).u. Neu ugtril'i nay tt\ng, thtrltng cho d1.ra lre lam C:Oil nuoi hay h\m time v6·i m(ll: ngtrlti than thu¢c ci'm minh hay v<'ri m¢t ngn·M ngoili. Bti·a trc phiii thea hq m~. Trong lnrlmg hQ·p dtt'<)'C him con nqai lite c6n thi~u. tblri, thl 11iy h<;> b6 nuoi. ·(giai d,\p lfil).,. · ·

N6i t6m ll).i, trong x!l h¢i Ia. ngay lrm)oc, s&-d'l 0bil.!~p ·p~ap · khOng quy-djnh viin-de. phlJ-ltr-M vl coi vffn . de nay · nhtr thn¢c !rang ph(lm-vi gin-dlnh va Lltrqc ngtrll'i ·gia ll'u·o·ng tuy tlnh tr,mg xet d[nh lay. Trang S\1' qui d[ill1 ciia l\tc . I~ ciiog d!!a vito nguyen i~c tren (lily : qu·!J~n r:Lia ll[flr&i. c!rang rat l'r}ll!J vci .kl!Oil[f c6 lll(ll S(l' bc(o clrim Jicio klici· rlr:'mg c/zo quy?ll /{J'i ctia v9· v<i con. ~bu·ug phai. nhl).n dinh rung nhlr (,. thuiiu pbong my t~zc trimg xa h(li va trong 'g\ti rlh.il;l .ciia in, nhibtg V\1 rile r5i ve \'lin de ph\t-lrr-h¢ Ia ·nhii·ng. lru;o·ug li<?'P d(lc bi~t Jt .klii x1iy ra: Ciing uh6- yen tOny ma khuyet dii'!n1 vll van dll nay tt·ong phap lu~t c1l va trong toe 1¢ ci'ta tn khllog

·. c6 m(lt S\l' qulin M tht,rc Hi.. · · . · . · . - .

181.- V6n d§ d(ch-fiOo .

. :·Trang ~ac coii ~hlnh thirc C~ti VQ' Clii vq .. Unr hnJ riling hnu. -._.: ,: ' vi~c chc:>ri lg!l 1}1(\t ng1.r6f r;l~ neii roi vi~c .plnmg t,; ·ja. quit~··;_ ' · ·. trQng nli!H d5~ v<'ri nlu1 lam lul).t, vi chin!): Ia m~1c ·dlch ·-thi~C .. ;·.:

,· · .... .:. . . ·.· . ' . ... . .. ' : .·· . •'

"..ii.. ·.- .. -... =.' ... __ ·. . ....• · ... · .• ·_._·l_i_.)_::_.·~.r .. : ..... ~:_:.-~.,'-.;~_ :.~.- :.· ·:~"',;:,_:-:-. ;;\. )_:~~~:~:-; .. · ~

yen cun Mn nhdn. Do di> .lu(tt Hllng Drrc· ciing nh1r lri>)t Gia Long dii qui (ljnh minh thi vari di! nay.

: . . .'{heo,di~ti 389 Hllng B&c: .«Tii .cite qn~n n').i·thu~. cling ctic quan cln\·c cho d1in be.dr lil!Jh (thu\'l'ng dun), vil vi~c cac cmt chan phung sr;r huo·ng hi'ra, till. kh6ug r.t'r !.uBi l&u lmy nbo, phl'tm tri).t cno thup, pbfti theo l•} thn·irr•g, iiy c:ho ngtrili ilich tli: (cou trr.rifug cim VQ' · cii). Neu ngu·b·i di<:lr t"i'r cbet tnr&c thl ngtrili chan h·r.r&ug,. nil'u klH>ng c6 ngtroi". chan !t'tti'l'Dg m6i Iffy n~trili con th..r. · ·

Ncu ngtrer.i vg c:i ldtong c6 con t·~ni Jtl,.: .. .-, tht m&i chgn Iffy con uito hi~n citn Yl,•· Je. . ..

:ri{eu ngu·M.con t;·mi·ng; c,h;\n trrrihrg ciJ ]'ill! tOt .. Jiay Ja·i,nt lieu (iurJii\rig), kh6ng thll," gifi'.·vi~e fl\,)· ct'm1i <:lu·Q·c.;-ti'ti :plui.i trinh ·quan si\·I,d all. chC}n ngu:eri con Jdu\c thay.

·. .. Nl'ir.r trAi lu~t till cho ngtri>·i tOn ~hiln nn:rlrug li9) a rrgc cao ti\ il· cac nhn man all tan Mn ; $e up r11Jng t9i bfit hieu. hift m•Jc tnli l:io cii Ui~n ll. (L~nh niim th1r ba ni~n hi(\u Hllng-Thn!)n 1512): . . . . . . .

. · Ln(tt Gia-Lorig !rong <lieu 76 nltan 'de Ia : «TAp dlch ilr vi plu\p» (Ji)p ·melt tirtrai-Ju(lt) cling ffn lliuh nhii·ng ngnyi\n ~1\c . · · ch9n dlch tir tm)·ng t\1-. ·

·vffn .d~ arch. tir Ii~n M diln thu·n kil' vir. I~p t" hO?l lir Lti' ht: ;·Vi v:).y, v/tn de-nay se dU'qc ban den. lthi tigliien ·cfr!l. ·ye thU·n M vit htrO'ng liOn:; i'r <lily chi ghi vl.'i'n de, <11! ro tii:th than Clla nhit 1:;\p phltp . trong S\~ 'l_lli -djnh ·:v~ til· M.· . . ~ . .. . . .· .

TlET '['fill HAl

Tfr He. TlT SINH

· T~ong c~ ph(tp, ·n·gu·il'i cltllng ·kll/lng uhfrng c6 Cflty~h- iuy ·:vi;r ca v•\ v9·)e con <lcrQ·c. lily tMm niu1g ·hart. Boi viri uim·g·hau, · nhieu khi kfJOng cap ctr6i.~ti ; nell co ._.sinh" cori v6i nang hliu, Cite COD cling .dll'Q'<' tig~roi · ch1Ji1g nb;).n Jil :COJJ. chlnh "ti:ni:c cua· . . ..

112

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chOug. Nki.r v~y, h·ong t.rt?'~.rng hiyp· nilo cUe fr~ Sinh ra n10i coi "Ill c:ic con de !wang i10Qc con hr _sinh ? ·

M(lt <lfra trin>i coi 1:\ con dr.lwang hny con hr sinh trong 2 tru-img hQ'p : · .

1.7 Khi ngu·CJ'i con !{ili c6 thai'ma IdlOng dtrgc ng1.1:0·! dAn ong uao uhin nMn.

2.- Klli ngu·M dan hit co_ chong ma pll~m tqi lh6og r,tian 1·<li sillh con.

Bili vM e~\c con clc houng, gi.ii· ph!tp cur. Ju~t nhit Lb va nh:l N{jt~yCn tn·o·r.1g tlf· gifing nl::1n vl ueu l'lflt. 1;1gut)n l:.t lu~~t Trung Hoo. ·

B.- S'f qllli d'Jnlhl ~ua h1~t H:tll'.lg-&!Yc v~ con ,;_,. sinh.

'l'rong b(\ lu{lt Houg-f:ltrc, !thOng c6 m(lt (ii~u 'khoan ui10 de l!f;p <leu phu-M tu·-sinh, tuy quy~n th<'r ba Clla bq lu;~t nay •lii ditnh ci\ mqt cllU'O'llg lhti- ba gom 1(\ <lieU t'!il !Jlli tljnh VC t{>i thong gian, san van ·de h{> hOn (cln:rcrng thtr nhat) va dien "au (clurcrng thti· hai). · C1\ch !Jii C\lC miy kh•\c li~n lni).t nhil. l::ln·cmg, vi ht} Bn·o·ug lu~t <pti-<1jnh t¢i lhong-gian cling nhtr cue· t¢i ph~'" vi,it lrong chtro'JJg· cudi cimg· nhan dt'i Ja «Tt,~p Itt~!». Dimh m(>t clmo·ng rieng It cho t(>i thOng ginn va <11,il chtl'O'ug lfy h·ong khuon kh1l quy thir hii, ngang hang voi cue chU"Crng hQ ··hUn vii dil!n sal), nha l~p phap <1oi Hong Dti·c dfi quan ni~m t(>l thong ginn nhrr m(>t tt·Qitg t<)i litm roi.IO:>n tri).t t~r V!\. 'pM ho(li nen.tang gia ltinh. Tuy nhieri, t~ong ~hrro·nr,· «ginn thllng» noi lren, nha ·lit.m luJ).t crmg chi lin d!nlt t<)i plwm ciia cite· .

- giau phu, di.\m_plwma kbOng'<Ia .d¢ng f6i v1iu d~ cac con tlr sinh.

. . . ~

· Tr:li h.ti,_ troug !long Hti-c Thil'n-Chlnh-Tlur, c6 ghi ch<\p · m¢1 b:in :in xct xi'r. trtrltug h9·p· m(>t ngrrOi· con g\ii l<Mng chong

. iult cbirn (1). Theo bi\u •In nay; neu Sl).' lhon'g g!an k_hOng hut . dtrgc qu:i-tnng, thi cl1i ricng ngttb'i con g•li c6 t/Iid hi t(>t Neu

ogrriYi dim oug ~ii t1lu tboitt, d•! c<'> bi~t rli ten, ngu;il'i ay ci1ng . . . . .. .. . '

(I) llllng Dire 'fhico Gbinb 'lhu-.• do~n 262, trang !07 va 199.-. . . . . .

it3 '· .

.:...:·:.:.;.:. /-...~· _ .... ·- . -~ -·~-·: ·::. i:'· :.• . -·· ·.; ... · .... : .~ .• ' i ...

h:hOng h~ !l~uy Ut · Bti-n con dC .ra ae gQi 1U <<dn dfing chi tU•JJ (con huang) kMng thiJ cimg anh chi em '<'ht<;tc !urlrug. 'gin lhl.

:~Ma h;{n an nay, Tr..,ng Ngliyeu Lu·ctng 'fbll Vinh (') c6 nghiea c1m vun 1111 ph110ng di<)u pluip ly, vit lfiu JOn vua xin ban !Jimh lt; "'" vll t(>i ginn-thOng.

il\\i Lm:mg-TM-Vinh xet h·ong lu~t c6 n6i rling: xct vi¢c tinh kh6ng diln v~t, d8 S'IF vu. tlan ; n6u kh6ng pJuli lit vi(•c bat du·<?·t: dm'mg trrrlrng, thl Ichl\ng c6 b!i.ng ·cit. Neu chi cung xtrog Wn ngu:Ui dit thOng gian thl lbi noi khe>ng the hi bnng c(r (l~in kht.lnf~ xCt t¢1, (c(tp chi xu·ng m~ th.r kh6ng d;im ginn gil1, nhhq·r. k~· lhu)·et v6 bUng, gini \';.it ln:)n). NCu ghln phn cb thni 1

the .1:1 c:.6. hi\ng cln'rng ve t~i il'~t'ng din ginn pln.l mt't lQi trl,lllg cim ginn pi ttl thl khOng · c6 bilng <!h(l'fo~~· nen chi bttt uian plw phl.i l(>'i !JOn ginn. Cll: cite le 1iy tau leu, xin cho· ban I•O d/! thi Mnh.

Neu ),\ l•on gian (2) sil khc·p t<)i · 80 irl]'(yng ; c6 chlJng, se lcMp 1(\i !lll Ll"ll'Q"ng; dMn ginn('') "" kh<\p tl)i 100 lrll'C)'Ilg. (N~u qnyen ru rn ngoAi, !iC?! Iii diOu g'ian) ; Cll'O'ng ginn ('1) se bi t<)i giao; ctrii·ng ginn clma tllitnh thi t()i lrm;rng 100, hru ,<li :'000' d!,im, thOng ginn v6·i con gai nho tir 12 tuM tro· xn5ng, du tlnu)n tinh c!i!'g hi I:Mp vao t(>i.cl1'1i·ng g\nn. '{~ s.,.hoa ginn, dicu ginn thi trai go\i cilng ~1(>! t(li. N11irng con rft! 11! '!hOng gian, btit lu(i.n con tnri. bay c.on grii,ltllulniclz. czi' gian.plm.pltai ilm dzro·ng.· . .

. Doi v!ri ginn pln,1, ch~ng cii'ct\ quy~n gil:hny bt\n cho ngtril'i khlzc. Tuy nhi8n, ni'iu · chClng cu . m.n1>n vfin giii· limi vg .ciing · du9·c. Neu ma gt't han. ginn ph\1 cho ginn phu, thl gian plni vil.

(i)L;;;;;,~-th6 Vluh !!& Tr~ng .N!llJY~n·tae nb~t gl:ip, ti~~ ;; c(\p Ill), a~ nh~t dnnh) Klioa Qui Mili, nl~n ·hi~!l Quang Timgn thu 4 11463). · Trang bin cac t\ifn si dzyng a Qui'ic tir gl:\m (IU nQi) ngay 15 th~ng .8 ni~n !ii~u iiMw !1frc tbfr'l5 "(1484) c6 ghl Lu(1ng th~ Vinh lath~o tt~og litl niim· 33 tubi. ngtrM x3 Cao HtrO'ng, huy~n ThJ~n 03n. (~em. L~ lri~u Ljch. Kboa llin si il~ da'!h bl Icy, Quy~n 1, trimg 39),. .

(2) Hoa·· glan : ·.Hai "ben trai gAI·lh<i~ lliu~n· lhOn~ giao. · · · ·.

(3} 9Iati gh1n : Nguu(dhn·'o~g quyin r~ ngircl:l. ililn bll ·~~~ lh6ng gian.... '

..

(4) Cu&,;g !)ian:. Thllog glan.,ktiong c.\ •\• tlt3o)hu~a c~a nj!lill"i'd~n.J,I~ .. ·. _.'::~ '' • ' • • • o • • • • ' o. ," • '/. '., I• • ·', :~·:,,', ·:. . . . · .. ·. . . . . · .. ~ · ... ·. ' ·~

,i~~:~~~;,;,~ .. ~~;.i::.,/::;',:~~;;liiGs~:,::_;~;:~'~.:.::; .. : ,(.;~};!~i;J;i~:~;~;,,~;futZ~{,~~~~~j

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ch(lng cii dilu hi t~i trnf!ng tum clnic, gian ph11 p.Mi ly di va tr& ve nM cha lU<;! de, !ai v~t hi tjch thn sung cilug. Trong

. tr!XO'ng hqp cu:o·ng ginn, ngtrc71 .dim ba JulY con gai !thong phiH t{li. Nhfi·ng ugu-ai. mlli lru hay chil'a chap lam ::>.oi tluJug gian,

· <,!llu· h! t{li kem gian phu in{lt hi}. c. Niht. hOa giil.i ri~ ng tU" vll '" · th6ng ginn~ r:fi~B' h~ t¢! kD:n. myt t~c: .. lt'Cu kiuing bfit d~rgc qu3.

tang v~ SIF thOng gian, va chl (cung Xtrng) ki\ gian thi. toa kh6ng xet. Nlm g(an phtl co thai! quan :dr an khdng . xel, il/c/z ([(C{TC gian plzn, JrlzOng iflrQ'C bu(Jc CUll : trfli dillu nay se

· bj. kMp vao t(li «xnfft uh:).p nMn t{ii» (lim t¢i va bu\)c t{ii .trill phep). ·

·- .

Ve c1i~u 1¢ do Lu·(l·ng-the~Vinh dll nghj, co hai nli:)n s:ei: n) V<l vlln d~ con tir sinh va con ngo1.1i tinh '?-!fu, ngLrb'i dan

ong khong h! bil.t qua tnng tir thOng v&i dim biz, thi m~c dau CO biet !811 ng11/ri fly, cling khOng ·tb~ but t(\i nel!Titi ay V~ !{ii hOa ginn. va cling kh6ng th1! tr:\ch cti' ngm'ti ily phUi ;1U6! dLro·ng dlfa tre. Tr>\i IQi, chi rieug ngU"Cti dan ha uy phai chju t{>i va c6 trach nhi¢m nuoi dtr&ng dira. tre. Nhu: vl).y, c6 thl! Itet lu;in rllng c1l-!u(lt khOng thira nh(lu cho ngtro'i con ttr sinh dU"<?'c quyen ki~n lim ph\t h~ ltr sh1h d~ dip du·o·ng. ·

Trai l(li, n~n ·st:r thOng gian. hi blit quii tang ng11iri dlzn .. ong c6 tritch nhir:m p~D.i nuili dtr&ng dti:a tre sinh ra. C6 thl! · n6i rl\ng,·dl!.trirng ph(lt nghiem ng~t sg ph(lm.giaQ, c1l-ht~t da · suy doan ph11 ,M tir sinh tren .clin biin cua s~t ph;mi gian b! Mt dU"ong tr11lrng. ·. · ·

LtYo·ng•thC-Vinh da nghien ctm dillu W nay a 4an? Trong . biin djdt h\1 «Hllng-Birc Thi~n-chlnh» do fi•Lflrng· Lu:).t Saigon xuiit bilu !thong n6i rll. ·

~ Trang b\1 Btrlrng-lul).t s&.-nglij ciing ·kheing c6 di1!u kho:ln ·. nilo ltra.ug t~r 'nhtr vi.\)< ' . '

. Tny rihie.n, ne)l U<)C' trong nguyen van, ta se tbily chep nh11 san : ~Ttr. thlin Ltrm:zg-the-Vinh, an. ky 1\l~inh lui).t loa ngon vi !it. .. » (') t~n1 djch : ~Nuy thlin lit Llicmg-th1i-Vinh, xtH tMy

115 .. :· >.~:..': ,,;,~.~:. ·. ·~ ... .. ·

.. ··~ ·- ..... .- ~;

trong s<\t:h "Minh-lu~!-toa-ngom> Iioi xtmg.~.» f'). Nhi.r ·:\,y, J..n·O'nl(-lhe-Yin it <Ei n~hi~n c1rn caic hJi~t l•; n6l tren IJ·ong lu(lt nhlt ~Htlh. "

Tai li~n u;iy !a n.(>t bUng chu·ng quy gilt to ro rll11g cac !u~.t ~dn tri:~\1 1.•.~, khiing pltiH .::hl nhili thif?i qu.y chHfu. fJ8,() ·bq· !m}t n!1lt D!r(rng-. rnlt l'i)ll lhmn kinin c& lu(lt .li~ nhlt [\'fin~ nU·n. (Cfing h·ong h(\ I-liing-H·c,.c Thi\m-chlnh-jlm, do\ln 11l5 (') con chCp m~ll 'bii li~u lduh: ghi rO l_t\ T1·~~ng ngnyCn VO-du·o-ng-Cir nii1n H(jngllt'l'c th1t· 2:\ (1•10·1) cung da phtJng chi vna, trn ro <1it'!n JC} cu· v:\ 1n:)t H!th 1\!inh, !:it: h'n vnn 0· lt·u-O·c <H~n 1\:iuh-thicu 1nO)~ (fillu (:) ..,.(:! lnllg plmc. at! lht<._1'l! hnn 'hin1h)~. .

~l.- 1ll! qu! !Sjnlt coa lu9t Gla Long vS con t~r si~n. . -

Diilnli) do Ln·o·n!t-Thl'<-Viuh xin han himh vl.\t(li ph(lm ginn va vl? qny ch~ cita-~t'tc con hr sinh. cfiu!l lhi'ly ghi giln· <lling lt;.;nyen vr.n h·ong· h(> ln(ll ci1a nh:\ ~Hin Thanh vii do clo <H uuvc ln~l Gia Long chcp l<ti trong diilu 332. nhnn tl~ lit «ph~m gi:nu), . ·

Nlm v{)y, tro~g luiJ_t nhit. Ng1iy~n. ciing nhrr_ dtrlri trmu Lt:, trcmg lrtr~·n~ luyp hc)n ginn~: coil ft1-'-.'>inl~ clr'r. frai lray·giti 11~u «•r9·c sililr ra tli~u d~ nymi'i cttln iJny p/u!i nh(in lti!J s(r nuoi ni'inrt 11~11 hai n,r,.rM thol_lff .CJinn l>i biit qua tan.tJ. Trong . trrrlrng hc,>·p !th!tc, n~u ngu·o·i dan hi>. co ch1i-n, thi chi ricng ·ngu'lri dim bit c6 loi, ,.i !thong co Mng ch!rng v<l · t{li JOi ctin ngtrfii · •lim Ong. -. . -

Theo 1M hinh chii elm· nhll li>m-l;J~t tri~u "'guylin v~ dil!u 332 GT.. lr~u nlty. vi~c th6ng giniJ, .<lo·y~n llnh, .111 mo)t Slf ki~n . tlmlmg hny clu·q~ giau kln vil c[ing .-fit k!l6 dlb ch!i·ng vi khOng .

. ·.

·-

(r) Minh-l~~t-ioa-nglin cO. th~ dfch : Ctic dien trpng ytn iu~t nha Mi,h;

(2) Hong-pirc Thi~n-chlnh-thtr trang~49· T_rong c!lc bia lfY.tie'n Sl f{•enLi!.' -t!~ dtr,Yi ct:ic dir.i vua Li!.-Tlzdi~T~ den. het ·,t/r( Lii-tltdnh-Tong /chOng -thify ghi ten Tr~ng hguyin- V6-dtrO'n'g"c.r: Ph?ti'chiing c6.sp·chip lam (Xem: LC-triel! lfch,khoa Tiiin-si .de' danlt bi Icy. ~il. Qaiic Gia Gitlo· _- .' ,::.;; D~cxulit b&n Saigor~rg?r.) · · ·. • - · · -. · ·._..· : ·. . . -::; ·._- ~·

. . ·•. . .··: .. . ·.: .. . . ·· __ \~.··· ~ .' :;~· I: .• · ... '· . . : . ...

l: ~ ;: . ':'· ~ . ·. ·_! ~ :: _: ': .-. _.···. ~ . . . ·.t:~i.;;:~~:~ .,,;::~:.:'·:~; t~:~i~; -116-. ··. . -~

. . c:O mc)t dfiu tich gi d~ lAm bUng chti·ng. Vi Vf.ty, nhll"ng S\l' vu eao vtl vu nay riit diS. -Bo·i Lhe, din phi\i Lftt cltn!'<~ qu~ tang thi St>. ki(m .(_t6 m6·i c6 h&ng ehtblg .. NCu ~n\H ngn·(>'i chi phao ng0.n Jil n1QluguCl'i dc\u Oug, ngtrCd t'lim b~l n:io <1U 'ph~un gian. nhll·ng liri n6i vo bilng c6· i'iy khong du tru.y to h9. Nc;u bi-it ngU"<ri dan ba !lhiii khai 1·0 S'!f' llu:r::~ ··fit ~o th~ dlng n£!!'0'! nay :JC gif.~1 Len nhan tinh minh rna lf).i vu kilni cho ngtl'Oi miuh t~het ... cho nen; tr~mg tnr6'!1g hq·p kh6ng hilt du·c~rc quU tang~ dw con 1.tr Sinh dii. eon trai hai con gai ueu ci.IJ nztrO•i clAu bit 'phU_i quiin nh~m vit cKp dtri5'nfi. Nhtr v~y, ngod.i. trtrCrng h9·p b! hUt qui\ .tung, :c::~guO·i tHm Ong ph~IJ,l gian. 1th6ng hno gltr b; truy· tO.

N6i klu't!·J irong·c& lu.(tt·Vi~t N[l.ln~ S\1: qtti <Hnh khUc ·hHn . c6 .)m).t· La-i.\Hi. Ti:ong co lmj.t La Mii, lheo l\tc dao <<Creditur. vifgipi parturienth), uCn ngu·Oi con g:.i.i chihl hoaog.Jthai. ten

. ·ngtt6'i uito <lil Lhcmg ginn, loa se ciiu ctl- yiw liJ'i cuug xtrng d~ xac dinh pho h\' tu: sinh. Triti 1\li, h·ong eo lu;,\t YiN Naril, lOi khai fiy hoiln tuitn v() ~iit lri, Uo dO, ngoid tru·(rng hqp ~'>' thiing gian hi bilL qua tang, lm}l phitp khong eho phep u<? Um ph\t h¢ llr sinh.

0

:r.- Tqi sa~ t.rong CO l!qU t.~i# Nam, nlz« l?Jm lu{it kh.tJng qnl djnb. tV: M chlnh thlrc ? ·

z..- Quylln ,ctla ngcrb·i cha ve van .t'il ~ric iljnh tzl- h? chinh tizlrc d.uyc tQ.C l~-c,lziip· nh~n m{it cdch r9ng ·riii n,~il: thi nao·?

g.- fJich tci- licr(l'c chi dinh nlzu· thif nao vi! co nlci~m v~ g! ?

4.- ·slJ.' qui dfnh trong lu(lt Hiing :Bli'cvli cotl ur sinlz.

5 • .,.- Sl! .qu(d/nh t~onJ! lu(lt Gi~ Long vc con tz.r sinh.

11.:-- TI~U LY~N :

I.-~ Tzl- h~ chlnlz .thU:c trong Co lu(lt. ·

- z.- Tzl- h§ tcr sinh trmzg Co lzz~:.

117

I BAI ni& CHIN : CON NU6I

·------'---~-

21E1' TfiU B.4. CON NU61 HAY DU'ONG T(r

.StF 11gh"ir. dm3.-ug I1zty nuOi con nucli r.6 nu.Jc dich ~~~o n8n nl•ilng "dily lieu l{lc phu he, hoim.toitn giil t1juh ..

Bjnh <:M "''Y rlft thong tlmlmg o· ntri:rc ta ; ngrrlri ta nuoi. con uuoi vi lit lftll), vi ngulln lQi h.ay vl dj c!t)au; Vi !:•1· tam m<)t gla dlnh kbl\. :;iii tluraug nuOi cac tre con nho tu6i nui gia dinh ·lung· tliiliu, nhi0u khi eon cho cha m~ d1\·a tre iiy m<)l s6 lien. Vi quyl!n lv·i, ngtrc>'i tn nuoi con nuOi de Hiy ngtrlri llun khoi phRi tra tiiln cong ; c6 khi chi\. ng ciing nh:).u nitiJi <:on cur. . ng1rlri phu lrui. d~ cho lam vi¢c lily c6ug·. trcr vilo ·lai s6 lien· cho llltr\fll. vr dj donn, m?t. gia dinh kha gia nhtmg hay bj lui hqa cf'ing th]l·lmg nuOi .m(>t d1Xa 'Ire ci\.a m(lt giu dloh dong

. con, d~ cho dira tre ganh bitt m(lt phlln tai hQ,a va d~m lQi cbo gia din h. m(lt chlit h;mh phuc ci\.a nna n6 (can gilti <lap .97 U.RC.V.A.L) . .

Vi djnh ch<l nghla du·o·ng c6 tlnh each thOng thm>·ng nhrr vl).y, J;~8n kM11g c(l. dillu 'gi 1::> la hai b(\ lu~t nha Le vii: nM Nguy~n deu dii. q11i d)nh ve van dll oily. 'Tliy nhien, tri.mg cfi lu(lt s(r nyh1f!' du:ling tbu:&ng d:twc qui. afnh song song v&t ·.<(r l(l.p tr,r, Jrl!rmg pM.n bi~t rii r~t. Sl!; ngh'ia dm:>-ng Lhl c!Jl c6 III\IC

dlcl1 nu6i m¢t ugtri:ri drrong til- hay con ' nuoi ih6ug . tlmil'llg, c<)n S\f l~p tv thi c6 muc dicJi· ken chqn m.;>t ngiro-i d~.n!i( roi tong <1rro-ng vit'tiep tuc sv. tho- ph\lng tll. ti8n·. Do <16, · trong s~ qui dinh hilrn hiln cun c(\ lu(lt, dln phlln bi~t ro sue thai . vii hi~u l\fc cim mili -djnh eM. Trang Wit nay, chung ta chi

. him den'. van de ngh"ia ~trang trong htl).t nhil 1:8, lu(lt nha . .. Ngt!y~n va tdc 1¢ : v~ ·de l~p t11 se · (.lrrQ-c ughi~n cti:u trong . . .. - : . ' ..

·,

. •.·· . :- .. · .., ·'

·:. ~ ,.:· .. __ :._f·:~:i?: . ··. ---.

118- . '· ... .·

. . ~ ·• ":': .. · .. ' . ~-~· ·•r •.

thien n6i v·il tht'ni ke (chtr=g trinh nlim thfr btt Crr-nhiln~. xem quylln hai).

·'·-: NighT a divang tll"ong lu91! nihil Le. B(>lu:).t H(liig-:91Xc. da qni djnh SIJ" nghia dxrang trong !uri dieu.

3RO. vii 381. Ngo.ili ra trong si<chHl'lng-Bti:c Thi~n-chinh-tlm ciing <1~ c(lp <l~n van ac·nay trong nihn dOI)ll : 110, :lf)li, ~57, 271 vii :!72. Tuy nbi~n, · s>; qui d!nh <)un. I• I) lui).t H(lng-l')(rc thi qnh van tat, c6u.cuc !lli !il;u trong H(lng-En'rc Thi~n-chin.h-!hrr, ll)i co nhiilu

-< di~m tam· sao th1it biio can he nglt'la dtro·ug dtr<'ti !rien Lc rUt te nhi, nhUt lit l~:.i~ 1Jlin vil~1 h(•n n:\;,r tln.rb·ng qui d~nl1 song song cti hai. d~nh che ngb1a dtro:J·n~~ vit l~p l\t. .

. -

A) f.lillu ~i~n ve s., nghla d<rO"ng trt'nq lu~t nha le

Tru6·c Mt din xet n¢i <lunf: hai .dieu 380 vii 381 Hong-B.uc. Bien 380 "I!(log-Bfrc qui. i.ljl:!b. riing ; al'hltm h\rn con ll"i.t()i da c6 van 1\r nuOi ghi ro, san uliy >C eho dilln sltn (h.iht drro·ag van t~;r trtr6"C dii dien san· (11 -ii:- ::r. \i' J.1- .~ l"fl .[), neu y~ sau cha m~ nuoi cMt !thOng lam ehtk tlm, thl Cl.illu san. chia vll dich · til- vit du·o·ng tii: (') .. Neu ngu·iri ton nhi\n chia l1i~n san khong dung lu:).t tl1i phi\i plu;tt 50 roi h(l m{it h~c. Chia dung lu$! Ia uil!n san ('hia llnu ha : c1ich J,ti· dn·q·c hai phun, dtr&i:<g tU: ctugc ni(\t phUu. Neu khOng c6 cHc.h ti\- m1\ . dtr•hg ti'r lr v&i cha Ill<:' nuOi Ur lthi con. tllO' an thi uu·c,rc hu·&ug lui di liti ,;;an. Neu · khOng b v6'i cha Dl~ uuoi lu· ]chi· tho· au, till drro·ng tu dugc hai phlin vil toil .nhan du·gc m(>t phl!n tid san (2). Neu h·ong vau h)." kMng ghi ro cho dien sat,, khong lip d\tng ciieu nliv.

. . . . . ~

· 1.- Ve phu:crng dif.; .htnti tMrc Clia·nghin dtrii·ng.

. Bien 3SO HB sol sang 2 c.iillJ1l :

: (IJ ·1·r~~g bari .. dfcb. cttu ·trm>ng Lu:)t. dlcb Ia :, . «Bflio r;·li,;' .~ con ~e va · 'con nuot, ThtCi lltbng dJch nbtr ·V~Y kh0n8 s:it nghi4 nu'uyC:n Vfi!l :

. .rBi~n silo pha.n quy ulch tii- c~p d~ro·ng lth vi Oich "Iii- khdng nhfrng . I~ COil de wa con c~i DSU'(ri con tr"m}ng l:am auQ·c liep 1\lC pb~og

511 tO titm nhtr ta CUi rO. · · . . " ' . ~- . . {2) Xem chli thlch cuol !rang 120. · .. ·

- .. .119 ...

' .. -~-·· .. : .... · ... . ·.~--· ~- : . .:.·.~:.:....,:': :::-.' .··

_,,. •. ,,. . :: ...

n) HiBu ni1y dli chn l~\ hit-l !·,) d'\ng!tiuh tluh~ nuOi ~.·ou TwJi plt..:U lli1~ !ui:ig m.i)t P•'iti. A'b?i Ji~d t1l •• ~ iUru l;:{V FIOng-Bth; g{d ill tlirr..'.,.li~J m'in i{!\ gi6ng nhu· dunh Ut .c::1n .Liiill huj.t hi~n t:~i gQi hl kliC H1'tc ngh'ia dtrling ('•). I..e d'i uhkn, vilu h,.1· ii.y <1U'9'~ lrCt l:)p giii:a cha me- dtj:ng nuoi (dtu5·ng ph\1, r~m)·ng mi!.u) vit eha .m~ sh1 h 1·n clit·n tre. ·

h) Bi~n 380 HB c6u t."o:ho hitlt rf~ug 'illn t~r n;\y cU ;Ht; gl1i rii c(S t•ho ·con nuOi tti(!n srio hay lchdng. T1ly ther1 h'trirnR h<,rp. qu.ren lgi ugll'Cti .con UtH)i v~ phu·o-ng diCn lhira !tt! se th.rqc hu·t:mg nhieu l1~y it clOi v6'1 ntitrCJ'j dich t!l ·buy ngtr,yl Um. ublln,

II.·-··· r'l.~ phn·o·ng di~n u:~=· l!t!!ifl ct!a ngh.Ya d.u·r.·n:l•

Biliu 380 HE> chi <hln cue diem san : ·

n) Con nuoi c6 th~ nuoi ltr lhua tho· nu ho~c khi du Urn, khcing lu,m tu1:.i. .

b) Co .LhlJ nuoi thtiru dui.i11g tir,. m~c dilu tlit co dich tir." (tmi'rng num) JiOi rui vi•)c ph~ug ll~· iroug gla din h.

I . . .

c) Trof!g lu(l.t chi dimg dunh lu· <<dll'o·ng tth. Nh~·ng (/i\y lit. m9t dnnh tir b~o quilt vit la phtii hi~u raug ugu·iri co.n unoi co tM ·Ia con tral hay con gi\i. r

',2() .... . ...

·.;·. ···''· · ....... :. ... · .. ,; - • .......... ·. ·.

.. :.• ·.

.· .. •.'

IIIII

J) Ngu:?:d ·con uUC11i cO LI1i~ hi m(,t ngu-O·i troHg ht} b:ty 'kh:.ic hQ (tlo~ut ?.57 I-LD.T.C.T): khit'~ viti ng:rO·i'l:_i;1 ~i.f ·h,lf) gi{J· ciing phili l;J. lUQ~. nr~t:·,·d. !Tong 1;9 (do:.1a 25G H . .l~.'l'.C.T). Htn.m 110 II.B.T.C.T. c1..'w k(~ rl'} l;:ti lw.ti tre c6 llJi~ du \H~ un<ii ·utnt con nu6i :

-- DU 13. n·;•rl~·i l.l'rH!;~ IH_). bay !.9 khttcJ t~ui:!n;; .1 1} vhili lti .eon tr~l.i thtr) idtf!;J< ?ht~ .. •J;•.~~i ri.!.:-~.!; eon h•:\i !nri'··n:.~ e:·!, rlgtr(d

khae: Dien wly (t:. ·:~;:~:;:,. vi l'!)Jl l.r:,~i trtr&ug ph!d ij- \t"nng gia dinh c!.8 tC tl.F !~ia Jio~.n.

' --Coho: trl~ \.1! \;.:·· ,-,,·i1 ;:/ ~.:~~ :.:<- :~116! !rC J•.~{.};' Ui· khi th& f£~1.

Bien 3(-{0 }i-\~ :-:\·.· ~..·;1;;,,: ~-~,Y.:~· ~·ht~l"J tr,!n<:r. ··i:lth JPiru,'"--Hirc . - ~ ' . ., ' Thi¢n-chinh, ·d1r<'ri n~t)l h.i11h linJc. <Vti han, ·b·un~4 do;_tll 270(1) :·

«nuc)i con ngu·{fi kh::lf.'s l:"1e ~;inh lh(ri (]U cO vHn ttJ.· lllt{)lnhu·ng clur:t ghi rO {~ho d.it~n ~~iin (dmJ-11:.! lhn nluiu hl·,. siuh 1hCri lu1·u. · du·O·ng vti.n hJ, v! hii·u t_nd~L: dli" d.i:3n siin), dt;n ](tc tjm chlft,. chu·a kjp cO lb·i tkln .k1i v;hJ cfuh.~ ihu-, nlurug ul:u ngu·(ti con nuOi qml thj h'r-ldd UH.I' ~·iu ngltla 1;'t 7 LuOi Lri)· xuOng, 3. ~uOi frO·lCn,·v~ri 6· vCrl cha ntH}i, dil gld l.~n vho lj() h(J qd;, lhco l;ing hay giitp cua elm nu<)i (<!1 ll'lrirc nll!)p h¢ tid!, l9a pll\1 (illim giap ( G ;·.* A.. f.· .tii· 1 :SZ ·;y '11

), d1ng dOi ·vfJ'i t:lia mt6~. ~ft pbJ.tng du;5·ng ma chay khOng 1dt{te g-~ con- tiC, f'lteo dUng. nhu· ph<\p lu(lt, thl c<ic ttiiJn s,in (cii:t dw nuoi chcl di'll;,li) chia liun ba phun, con dich t1r hai philo, cot1 nuoi m¢l pl1i1.n. Nculdiong· c6 dk:h liT, thltai stu1 v~~ t.!tt eon ni16i f~). ·NCli con nuoi lllc.be· khnng cilng 0· v(ri eha 1mOi. thl dien sUn ve con uuOi hai phau ve ton uhau m(ll phau. Ton ul!;in tt'rc lit anh chi ern. (Tounh•in · · tu·c l;uyuh ill) t)• muo)i dil). ::\c:« lc•c chn con. song <W c~ liui1 giay

· tit 'ghi. cho c'li(1n sttu, !1aJ· ·L;..) c;;(i(~ tlur dS l~d; lhi lll~:h tit v~\ con · nuOi d&u phcii llleo )(~ {i·~!u .. (.i'~Inr(rC dich Lil·-, giii' tlr,: sinh tiCn

dt biht tru:O;c c.lli· diCn stin vUu ll,l', e~p di' h~l chtk tinL' giU, lt'rc nh~r ti~n), Tili li<}ltnity t1cm I,,; ~ho ta bn chid!iu ich lc,ri:

(r) HiJng-£1u·c T'hifn chinh thu·, !rang IIJ..

(2) Trang .sach Hong Dii'c Tid'" ch!nh thtr, d;!ng danlz tir agid tzl- · ( ffJ... .'.:f) AcJ chi con im9i i nhu"tt.gdzllclJ. clu!.p nh?l;n; .vl rtrfay trong ila.(Jn '. ·. : :

'_•sc;u (ZJI) ·l_q."i Cht!p d"cui!z til: du-O·ng ttl- 4~ chi cotl nzzai. · . · .. . ·:

;·. ····.

.f:,.::_ T~ I<) chia phli~. dien siin .giii·a d~·&ng 'tti: vit dfc.h ttihay diro·ng hi· V•\ lou uhau giong nlnr hi)t, ty I~ ciia <lieu 388. H.B vit xac nh(m r5 di~m c6 .th~ nu6i con nu6i, hilt h1>).n Ia. c6 dlch ltl' hay kh6ng ; ·

. 2:.:..: .'fa hi~u ro them -i·!ing khi nao d~.ru·ng · tii- 6· vir! · cha nuoi .. tu· baytuoi.tro·.o:u6n:ry, ba iu1ii tr?r len, o(i tttwc ghi vao sa lu) lfch 11'011[] lti.lliJ cha lllldi ihl iitr9'C coi hi o· ·V&i cha /11~ mrOi

. tu· kid tba iiu.

:·3.- Titi· li¢u cling· eM. tl;li~h rotan nlul.n . .la cac anh e~1 · chi etn, nlmng khOng n6i ro lit anh chj 'em ciia ai. Ta phii{ hieu aug <lily h\ anlt (:hi 'em l"ll\\i dJn ugwi·i <llrng nuof chet. ldionffco ·con. ·

. · Tt;; nhien, titi li¢u nay cii~g ue~1 leu' n~9t vlln dll nan. giai, vi: hai· trirb'ug·_ IiQ·p.ghi !rong ·t1o li1.i · r161 nghjch v6'i hai trirerng hQ'p ghi tr:(lng diilu 380 HClng~B1i·c. · · ·

.. Theo do~n 270 HClng-!iJU;c Thl~n cl1!nh thtr, chi khi-nlw trong \•an h:r nghiad~ro·tig khOng gl}i cho dien sa·o,.thi m&(c~ia phan nlur ty 1¢ ghi tt·ong h1(1t ; Lrong dieu :!80 .Hong Bu:c, thi. trai h.1i,·chi khi nao trong van tg ughia dll'o·ng co ghi cho dien siin thl niai i1p d\lng ty lc cho. dien siin. nay .. Vi HClng-B1rc 'TJ}it)o'-chlnh-!lm, chi h\ m<)t titi li~u cbep tny, coo ba'! Quoctrillll Hloh-lu•)l nil1 tru·o·ng lu>).t Saigon du cho djch vii in lcti ·Ia .

· mi)t tili:li~ti in ml}c bito, n~n ta c6 th~ kilt lu;)n r11ng ti:ong .s'\.1' sai bil)! n6itren, chile c6 sli tam sao that· b!iu ve phla Hl);ng-B!i'c . Tiripn-chlnh~tliu·. Sv .chep sai l(lc. nay con hi~n nhien &_ cnoi ·. do~n 270 H.B.T.C.T .. : (<Ncu_hic cha·co.n sting dit co litm giny ta ·ghi cho t1illn siln, cting )a chftc · Llur d~ h)i, dlch hi·. va con pn6i den phiii lheo I~ tren», Xet tr·ong _.Hong-Bt\·c Thi¢n-chlnh: · tlur,_& trfm do~p 270; khong c·6 I~ nao giili quyet tl'll'img hQ·p nlty ca, .nh~· ·;i~y r<? .rl)t la c6 .st.t. lam Jan trong s:ich Hllng-Birc Thi¢n-chiph:... . · · ·

.B;_.:·.I-liiitdorc' cuo ~If .righia .drril'rig· trong lu~t nha ·l~; _· . Haidieu 380 HD vii. 270 H B.T.C,'f . .Jrh6ng nhfrng clio la

bi~t. r5. cite di!lu ki~n. ve n¢i· dung vlt hinh thU:c cila.k!J.~··u:<ic .- ..

-1~ .. . ., : ': ~--.... ·;·: ·, ...

--~--:· • .:..: :.<.·- . .•• : ..

'• •f •• ,; ., .: '', I •

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II I!

· ogliia th.ro·ng, ~on ghi ro qnyen l!fi cua dtr;)·ug ttl·, do do cl.tuug Ia phai 1ll'ln den hi~u l~rc •.>tta khe uirc ui.ly.

1. Do;)n :au H.B.T.c:r. cho ta biet rii la ki1i throt1g li'r b v6i t:ba ms,• uu<}i lir khi Uur t1u U1i cling <llt'i;>·c coi nhtr con de vi ,1;:; ph1J!.!g !hr~··yng .!na ehuy Chn ,cha '.ll'u,)i, tlu dO ·nC.u khong c6 dich lit !hi dtrQ'C loi.m lh~ l<li san. Noi kluic, COil. l!w)i cling co ngb I:<! 1}1·' plu,uzg ti.Lr.ii·na dur m~ muli nlur con <tiL Nghla v11 nay ciina (hr<fc :<ilc nlll)n l.rong do::m'llO Hong-BU:<: Thi¢n-chfl)h-thu: «Kc liun con uu(\\ nhit niw, snu khi dtr9·c nnOi n>lng, d6i bim · dCn 1d_t(mg cO ·m.r t\n h(\n, t1:r coi Julnh nlnr l~i cpu dC, kh6ng dU'(f:·. ~r~~l J.)::. ~.\}' !.h;u l.i; .-1i~ l~~Y c(r lA cO t!.'~l lJ.ng phhi hi\O hiCa cbo d~·-' 1.u:.~ J,Uu ;;jnh t'.l1oi H>.iuh.

:.!. Ngoui rn, theo dO\lll 1.57 H.B.T.C.T. tl<ii oM ella ni¢ 1irr6i, ll[li.tl}i con ua6i phlt.i df!. la.ag S nillli, dOi_ v6-~ bltn ·Shih ph\1. mfiu thi tnng ph\IC gli\rn xniing I ntim, trfti In:i,l sil lsi khep vao t¢ihgi ·!Jil.u bat hieu.

G. n <fl!!fCll 1/w:a ki:, lllfU'O'i CO!! ll!llji Ju·p·c imi'mg gia ld(· tt6i uM clw nw mzoi. Ncu clw m<,: nuoi c6 con de (m lam dic)t ti\· tbi phlin cita.ngnO'icon llU61la m¢1 nua phltu cim ngn·lti il!ch lu~ Neu !thOng c6 .c!ich Lii·, ngu·o·i con nu6i dn·Q·c nuoi . tir. !her iiu

. du'qc hno·ng toilll !hi! gin sun, vii Hit nhien dn·g_c col Ia ll).p ltF. Neu khong ,)· tir khi· !hey (lll veri cha Ill~ uuoi lhi dt~Q'C hai phau gia tai, m¢1 ph1in gia !:i.i giuu eho tOn nhan ..

4. Tuy nhien, tat. ca mol gidy lien /(lc giii:a con nu6i va gia 111nh blm tong cfing kMng bt /wan loan iiocm tnyijt ·sau sl).'·. nghTa du:o·ng.

FJillu 381 Hoog-!Ht·c <lit qui d[nh tmirug !JQ'P gia dlnh bii.n tong tuy¢l l\T ngh1a lirkh6ng c6con t,rai nol rol. Trong ll'll'l.mg li9'P ay,,ngtrll'i dll'ii-Ug ti'r c6 quyen dm;rc hu·o·og m¢t ph~n gia .tai trong gia dlnh bi'lll t6ng hiiug mb 1ih1lu cim .ngnlyi !On nhan. Ho·n nfrn, n<lu 'ngub'i clrro·ng .tu kMrig chrqc cba Ill~ .nUOi .cho <lien san,- lhi· kh6ng I;\p dtlll!J dlllu .381' Hong-Du·c,, Nhtr· 'l'f).y CQ . thll hi~u r_ang trong trll'cmg hqp d~c bi~t · 9ily; · ngtroi ·con nuOi· '·

.· c6 thl!'xin_tF& :vli gia dinh._ch_a.uw d~ d1l hll'&ng. irQJi .·Bi!l: iit.t ::.-::: :mai phap nay· dir~c ghi trong. do~n 110 Hong-flue ·rm~n-chinh·· :' .• ~

.. ,· ·: ;:. __ ' _· . _. ·. .· ... · .:..-_:,· .···.-~ .... ·,·. . •,·. ·.·· ... ·.· ... · ... :~_:.'.:.~.~-/-... ·1.~f_;_.~.~ ;~itf.~~~f.~:·~~~:-:::~/t;{;;~:;~~-~::::>.: .. • _.;.. ,• .·. - -.- ~ ~

thtr: «Neu con irai ~mo·ng .vi\. eon lrai thrr .lr~ng bUn toilg den r!Jct ca, khong co ni ulli riii cho chn.mQ bUn sinh, ngm'>·i dtrcrog_ ll'r •luvc trlnh ·My linh .. siF (16 cho chn m·~ mHli, ·c!JQn -ngll'il'i khitc lltm, con ll1uc}ug, r(H .nt{t~·O·i con nu6i m6'i Utrgc ve ch!u lang biio bien ~ha rnr; smh _i·n mlnh.» (') ·

. Nlmng dit ngm'l'i dn·o:!lg tir khong xin tro· ve bil.n ~o~g qny6n lgi tbira :ke ella .ugmli .O.y dOi vtri -\:h:1 !.11 ';; ue luy~t tt: . t~iin,;J dti-Q'C t.!ing thCn1, nCu hQ khOng «u·Q·c chan\~ nuOi chO dien · siin. The.o cac do>.m .257 v~ 271 lrong sach Hong-Bifc T hi~nchlnh, phau ngll'O·i dtl'Ci'og lrr trong lmlmg hgp nay chi pbai t;i:i'm hni plu'!n nml.ri cloi vcti phlln c[m ngu:iri l6n :ilhan h·ong

:· · a I · · · b.m. tone (. ),·

C.- Tlnh cnch tan ky cua ln~t. nha l~·v}; nghia dtl'&~g.

N6i 16m h.li, djnb che nghla dn·o·ng da <luge. qui djnb kha ilny dii trong lu~t nha Lt\ ; sung· sg giui lhich ng~y nay g~p uhiCu tro/ ng~i v1 hoi It: : ·

' 1) Ve .phti<mg ·di~n kY llm{lt, hai llinh che l~p h.r vii drr&ng tir thll'll'llg :duvc nha llui1 ltu}t Hong-Dti·c ·qui· -cij_nh ham.MnkhOng ph!i.n bi¢t p1inh b:,tcli. ·

· · 2) N(ln t~m sao that llan cHi gie~ rift nhi~u nghi van dln. phiii giai quy~t, doi · vM ·cite tai li<)u ci1a such Hong-BU:c T!ll~n chlnh. '

(1} . Trulrn" ·ijgp_.t;&·~~ I~Un long khl.cha m~ (fe ·tu:y~t t\r cU.ns ~Ug~ d.i~ h.4U lrong Lu~t nhU Thanh va Sau llilY lltrQ'C bi) luQ.t Gi~~Lq_og_ chCp l~i (di~u 76 Gla-Long h~ d8n]. . . · · . : .

(2): Trong dmtn .267 H.J:>, "1' C. ·(L{iing !J!J Iron;;: blan do' Tnr6-ni(lu*L· Xuift b3.n) c6 ~1Qt s11 chep nb~m ~o st,r tam sao·t~i3t ban. kh~e~· nghfil trAi ngttQ'C. Trong-blm djclt ngt~)·~n viin,la.: ':<tNlu ,kbdng cilng cba

·tpt; nuoi_tbi phii!l ru·<)og dii't.cU.a ·-~ba -t:tr~ ... ':li.t?l .: phi_i gi"~m .&li_ Jlai phiin mucl'h1. E>3.ng IY do~n nity Ia : a:Neu kh~ng cuog a . v6'1 cba mQ nU6f hay !thOng 6trQ'C eba m~ oudi C~p 'clio ·meu sUn. lhl ·ptiiln cUa nuti"M. cOn nnOi. ph5J_el~_in tli imi Jlh?in. ~11.uJJ il5! i•ld f!.h3o·'C'lla. ngmTi LOo .nh!!o.fr.ori}l U3n.LC.np,». Slr di' bi~n cLJ.irng i'lt~9·c ~oq.n 25_7 n~y lo"nhi'r c6 ilo~n 271.ll.9.T.C, y ngllia r~t I~ioli b~cb •. ·, · .. . . . .

. 124. : ~ ·:, . ... ':• ..... . : ... ·.·. -~.:. -~·· ......

.. .· ......

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II II

I)" . I · ' ' t .. r · ·' t l '" l - -• au ~~no. n JC! ~~; !'iiC en .H.;F ~tY~ u nell c D''?'': i:'O nmg stJ qt:i d~nh ciiD. tul)t HHnt!·-Btfc .vr RIJ:' ntjh'i'n du-;:.·ng j1o~m toan Huh: hnrt 1-u(lt ci'1n nhlt Bu·o·ng vi\ chu·ng minh li11h tlli'ln <1<:-c l~p cun nha \'~·T' phllp hi~u u <1!1 hl!it ch0ng )i_;i i\nh hu·<Yng. Trnvg Hoa v:\ ;::":ng !:-.hclt-, h:~;-. ,,._:.i 'dt_! t)Ui f~~nh l'il•l Ju(tt Gia Long rnA t.n f.l\~ s:t!t de"n. H~ u{·n t.~,1~! duh !h~n d,,,J d:\C.> C'ii_n · h;Q.t Hfing-D1Ic v;; plniWDf; di¢n Ji_il_i•, U1!?~t hrbng di;:1 d~rh ·h=li s:tn d:ly hni tHC'.Iu 1tholall h·ong cJun\·ng flO Htnt ni)n b.:'1 lu:)t nhit Bu·IJng lit\n hi?- <ten. s!f ngh7a dtriing.

~ ~rfQt (li<?.n l11(r nhftt lrlt·n.t! .plr:._1t du·iiTif.! fl1· l1C, dw lW? nu(Ji rn <"li: c< Nf!n d1t1 Ill~ nuOi _klt.fm~~ {'l> {'on, mlt dtni·n!~ !i'1· hi"> rn Ui thl phiii t()i <Ill hni nilm. Klti c:ha 11l<) nn<Ji >linh con lrni nul cba n~~ dC ldH)ng cO con .lnli, nCn n:~tl'c'ti cop dtri'i·ng tiimn!ln un·qc holm v<! gin -dinh mlnh lhi cho I•!J(·p ., (').

'TronM quy~n Dtrtl·ng 1u~t sb· nghj, rlnl thiC.'h 'v~ c1iC11 m)y nlnr snu: c, Thco lu) lu:)t, ugtn'I'J khtmg r.6 l~on du<_n.: phc!p rmfli ·

· ngtriri cimg hQ (t1ilng lt!ng) chi<~n lheo ·J(l. clJit\U Inl.JC hrO'_ng dtro·ng (2). Ngtr(ri dii dtrQ'C d()i o·n lim duang 111>\ h~ng nhi<h~ hi'> uha ra tli, hi ,IOi dll·:t nihn. Khi chn mq ll!t(li sinh conlrni va cha my dU kh6ng eb con. u~u nt~n·tri rltrti·.ng h~L. muOn x.in

· dli'Q'C l~oan vh q;lu tOng thl cho ph('Jl· Ne!! en hni irin dinh <l~u khOng c6 con, vi~c {y hay <fi ciiug lity )' muon din ngu/ri _C{lll

nuOi. Nlfu cha m~ nucii Ill)' khong co cnn nlnrng l;hong muiln- .. Jun drrii'ng ngrrlri cqn muli vl't mu1in l'lJO houn vir hilq tong, cho p~tep cMp nl•i)n .:~· ciia· cha m~ nuOj>l ('). ·

( • J ·J/;' .J!- .:r fir .if. Jt;. -II}; -i'<'c -r ,;:, ·lit J.- ,h· .r.t: .::. :t, "* m j. "f·, ll... t- j_· .fi.· :r ~t. ilL :t- ;<i. ~- •.

'( z)' VI! I~ chiiiu m~c tU:D'ng ilri-o·ng, xem chu-D-ng ban vli viin de H~rO'Ilg'hoa va lijp W (H~ diln) (Quy?n hai). Theo I~ 11ay; giii!a ngu:iri d~Eo·ngph~

. vad!Eii'ng ttl- ph<li·cclch nhmz m{it iliri nhu: chu .bdc imOi ch.-iu hv.. ', .(3) JA.. ~ a {i<. i' 1-- -~* "r -,it J!ll. ,fi.. · 10) 1 >,i-: ~\- ~3 1} ~~ 'f.i• ·.'1· .. ti .

~~~~·~~A~~·~~~•Ii.:rK~ . .1.. -~ ~. Jq,· .:r ~t -;l!. *' .1. ;t .• t .r.~ ~·~· .~d~ ·~" .!!~ :.y .;~;. i~-. w:': , .

, · · ~~ J\.. it· 41- .Jt.: J!;. : I . .1. ;r ll... Wt t..; .f. ;r- .1\ii i.1.' .jf: lit ;t ~ +: . , :; . .1.: ;(f {,); Jt. 1Jf .!!, ~.Ji]:_~. .. ' . . . •. . . ' '. ': .. :· ':. ,:;

·~ ~:: .... : .. · ' ;". ~ ' ,_ .. • .· · .. ,··.,_·.'·.·,·,· __ .' ... -_ ...... -: ... ~-:;._:.·~.r~·. :. __ · .. >:-.. , _.-_! ;-=_2~- .·.:.· .. -.~;:--~_::i_·~-~&~;;~{j ;~ .. :~_:::·~i~~-~-!. >--~~:¥.:.~:=- -: . . - ~-

-- :ii(>I dieu thir hai trirng ph'.lt st.r nulii m{it. ngtrO:i khac hq liun rlu·iht~ lir : «Nilu .mt6i m(>t ngmYi con trni khn~ h•r (111m dtr&ng tu), pMi t(li d() m(lt narn. Ngm'ri trng thu~n cho nu6i phili 50 roi. :96i v<'ti cac tre iil5ll nhi hi bO ro-i, dtt6-i ha tut>i,. ·tuv

· khilc hq, cutig cho pbep ·va theo hg miuh. ·· -. . Cl.ni lhlch dieu na)•, hi) :9trimg lu:).t s6· nglii viet:. «NgmYi

con trai khuc hQ, vil11 ld11lng phlti Ia l(lc lo'.li (cimg hi)),. neu tim du·ih1g J;,' tbi.i pl!Cp, vi v:).y phlii c6 l(ii d1l1 nlini.: Ngtrlti trng: tlnu)n cho·nn6i trai phep phiii t(ii ~0 roi. NtH!i con gni thi kh6ug pluli l(>i. Bili·vai h·c·con dtr6·i ha tubi hi cha .m9·dc ru bo ro·i, neu ];)u)ng cho pbep tim du·i:~·ng, d:> .he iiy se" hj tuy~t m~nh. Vl v:)y tny lit. tri\. Ht:lc hi), nhtn.tg dJO pMp tint. dtr1i·ng vlt cho· theo hQ cua chn nu<'li. ·Ncu. sau nily c!\c chs m~ .da ·bo milt con, )l_li hiet imi nhoin, thl cho holm l;li nhil cha in~. de, .

·so!'g phi\i u(>p li~n·h<>i.. tlitrcmg nu~i dl!'o·ng M n~&m·(~)». · · · . .

T.icp th~o hal .. di~u uily, b9 hi:;\l nhil dtrimg con ~6 m9t dillu kholln ve van de : «L\•p dich lu· trlti ln*t" (l..;Jp dfch til··vi "plu\p). Vi <lieu nAy li~l) quan dlin van il~ h~p t~i cht)· kheiugphai van de <hr1h1g· til·," 11~11 sii dtrq'c him cte"nkhi clu\l)g ln nghi~n dru vl! 'thirn Ice vit htwug hon. · Vii cling vl c6 dteu nl•y lien h¢· dlin vi~c"l*p dlch .fir ncn c6 thi'! kiH .lu~n .rl'l.ng hni 4i~u lu~t n6i. tren. c,hi qui ttillh ve nghra· ul!'ci·ng. .

· Can cti-vao hai dillu ghi h;en ciia lui)t nh/t Bn·o;ng vl! nghia· dtril-ng, tn t1hi).n th!ly SJ! qui dji1h nlty khac"lifln lui)t Hllng-Dirc trong -van lt_r cliQg·nhir trong tinh thtin. Troug Slf ·nghia· ~i.r&ng· chi· c6 t.h1l ntt6i con ti·ai cimg hq (d1l1ig tlnh); nett ntJoi con trai . khltc hQ, se b!.l¢i. Tny .nhi~n c<i hrli trir .1¢ .: co thll rruoi con g!ii

. Jchac hg hny·citc·con trni:dtr&i bn tu1li hj h<J ro·i. St,r ·quidj~h

(r) ~? .i{.. ·.;(.. .,\:1. W · .f , · -f.t - -'!'- , ~~. ,g. ~ ."i£. -t ;. Jt. ;t"-! <l• $1..., -'!'- E. ik ;,{ "f ~. Jl- ·H. nt •IL ,If.. Vr 1:1.. Jl. ·-!£ ~. Ji tA

·• .. "! · .: J!. -li ~ * . .. t- ~r. :Zl\ . ~n , ;it . ;J. ·ll .ll- • A Jl:: - + ... ·· 'iii ;}. .)ii. 4" > {q· ·!ii JS.. -J- ' ,J';.. ~ :If .;r- 1,·' Jt. ,j, • .'lu· -f ,;;,. (Fi.

• · ,.-<. "f ; ~' !t ><:. .JiJ: ii'L . ?t. , ~ t M, 4l· ~ , ir ·li o\" 4Ut '· · ik. "l!{t .)'{. · -l:t 1Jj. lli!.. ;l -ll- ~I' fJI.. .Jl. .;d:.·-1<~ ,'( 5( .Ji): <s't 5<. ; i;-,:{t *-.. -!iit 1,£ ,. {!- .;~t ~ .:£ ~: i.. ~ .:1<- it l~~ ~L "iii ~ .A . . . .

II II

.. '

cim lul).t nha Btr(mg, m¢1 phlln nl•o, cbn f.lmyc tiej:. 11h:)n 'trong lul).t nhi>. Thanh m:l lnl).t Girt-Long dil cht\1) l:Ji.

!i -ltol19uira ~:hvaiB~J tr~><to I'IJI~t lli'ia N~'~l!'&!1-Trcng h9 lu:}.t Giu-Luot; .:Hen 7 uhan ftC l:i (l(lp rtich Ur:

uiplzup) «l(lp alclzlzr tn\1: lu(d», ngtr<:ri l:t ;,() th~ Iilm tu·•3-ng ri\ng dieu nay chi qui diuh r:! vfin dl~ kip tt_t'. Nlnrng S\1' th(lt dieu 76 cling nlnr num t.; lii'p L•:)u <Iii qui llinh d hni djnh eM l~p Itt va nghia dtril·ng. '

Tru·(J'e het cht\ng t;> '"'Y ph:ln ! 1.:h <':k il:iln ldiiY1n ml,\'

Thco ·ha~U nllit Ngu) r:-..n, \itii v(ri m.r Hgh'ta du·•J-ng, c6 ti1e nu()i hoij.c nhU:ng trl! <'lhng ti)ng l1o~ie rihlrng kl: kbi:&C" h<,;l. ·

Khotin thU· hai clt;q dii~u 7H G.L d!nlJ Jil11g: £.tt":li ngtt:lH ndo. au mioi mQI td Ollng lilli!i d~ /•<111 con mini! uul khong c6 co11 a,! fdro11g kid fiy ella m!~ d1i·a con. muii ci\i c6 r:on trcli Jdulr'l? thl ucu ngrr(J'i con nuc:i bu 1'/111 Ill(< m1rii mel cfi .w< /Ji phul 1011 IJ'll'(mg v<l bill bu(ic ph/d ui! c}vU'i cha mr. nuoi. 'i'J'Oil[J lrll'l}ll[J h(lp clw mr. nuoi sinlz.cou lrai hny cl111 Ill!' flc! c1iu ugrrb'i con 11110i lrhOng c6 con tru[, n?Iu li!JlrM COil lllliii muon "'ill pllcp ·trcr lie nlzd IIJinfr, sit yclzo».

Bieu nay dli thay ~6 tir lnl).t ulul H<rirng, nl:u.r ua pbtl.o tir.h b tr~n-

Nguoi ta c6.tM t!]' hoi clicn kho.l.n n>ly :\p <l\tng cho nhii-ng ugtril'i iltrgc t!]' h}p hay nhii·ng ngu-c'l'i con uuoi ,dich dimh, M11y thay nhfrng IM binh clnl ciin <lieu kboan nay o· h-ong Iu~t dii giup tn gitii qnyet v1in de <16.: <<Trang !nOt n6i rtmg nu(}i nhii·ng ngtr6'i con d~ng tong u~ lam con miuh .chir kh61lg i16i I~p t'!-', nlnr v~y nh'u·ng.kc ihrQ·c nuoi troug. trmrng !i(l·p <l6 kiHlng Mt buc)c Ia nhii·ng Ire phiii c6 dr'z dieu ki~n uil_ clm,rc lOp .hr»- Theo !Oi blnh cln\ nay, diili'. kho:ln lren dily phm up d~ng chn' cite ,con nuili thtrirug ciing Jt!nr cite trc dtrQ'c 14p f!J. . . . . . . ·.·· ,,·

·The~!lth~a~ 3· d{~(l .76 Gi.a-Loug lth6ng ··u,~ ·l~p tv· m~i .. ngmri con-l•Mc .h?:. Trong lo·i blnh clitl, nhii-l{lp · phap . nh~if ·.·

• • • • .: ••••• :·.,,.:.:., ••• :·1.,·. ~ ·.:.· •••• -·· •.• • ·--·. • _.·: •• "<;:,:!~;it:;.:Ul ;;l'i,~~;~·~:·.;t- ~. . . ,.:·.. . ..

· m~oh r!i.ng s~t c1fm doan n~y khOng u.!n qu~n tlti. s-.;r nghia . . dtriing r,,~ng ymcmg c6 th~ {•p d1mg cho cac tre .dl"lng !6ng hay !chong kluic hiln s-.;r l(lp _t-.;r. Vil (hiyc.iing hi cli~m ldulc bi~t v6i !UI)t uha Dlrimg chi cho nuoi con llllili h·oug hq.

Treil ngi:y8u ti'ic nhi.rng con nuoi Jrl,()ng phai dl)i. hq citn nglo"in phu, ·.tt·it• trrrlmg IH?'P dtrt;>'<' h·it li~n trong "lt!toiin fh!I 4 uitln 71i v•'- tro11g IP, thu· 5 ticp 7ti: do hi. trti·o·nll hqp nhii·ng trc so- sinh hi 'vlH bO. drrOi 3.tn1li ; uhu:ng Ire nliy duq·c ilc)i 1~9 cha · nu6i nhrrng khong. ihe dimg liun con l<)p !~· 1u(k duu· ngrri.>i · --dti·ug nurii J;h6ng c6 con trai.

. . Cue I~ JM· 3 vii lhit· _5 li~p th~o uil!n iG lu:).t .Gin-[,ong· dli

qiti dinh t•:'tc qnylln thira ke dm Ire .<11r9·c nghia du·i'frig. Thea · h) 11u'r 3, ·ngli'Oi can·l~Ji t-.;r hny cha 1119 elm ngiroi m\Y" .. l<lt6ng tM dim1(mtru k1i cl~ bat.bu(>c ngu·oi •Hi l~p h;r clulli. ngti"Oi co~1 zmoi ui. Tuy rli! c6 con I~p 1.1}", ·ugttu-i con nu6i cflng du:!)·c m~t phUn gin 'titi.

: Le lhtr 5 lrit .li¢u rang neu ngu·lr[ COil IIIJ()~· dc)i m~t hQ lcMc tnnlln tr.o· ve nh/J. mh1h lhl IcMng the dem ci111 ciii dfi tim nh~n ve n)zit rlu·(>·e. Nhii'ng tre· clu·6·i H lu~i Iii vi'ir bii mil du:gc nnoi lani:con init)i ciing (jrrgc m(lt plilln gin tili; ngrroi. !rang li9 khOng thl! ht.t cMng lro· v~ hilu l!)ng <lm;rc. Neu vi um_on liT6-c rlo:_it 11\i san mil kien cln'mg c11l hl\t lro· ve ban lOng !hi se

:h! lril't]g_Phl)t ·theo lui). I. ·

Sn;t kiii d§ phil.u tich .·~lee dil!:ti khoan trong dilll;· :76 GinLong v~ J~ thl\· a vll. th!I. 5. kC ti~p dilltt 76 Gia-Long ta co th1! c6 Iil{>.t .Y nietn "Jdui ro r(!l ve eM d.) ughi:t du:&ng dtr6i trie~ .

. Nguyl!n· v~ hni ·}llmirng· dien diCu ki~n va lti~u lgc.'. · . .

.· ... "A.- Oil!u-ki~n nghia-dU"il-ng t~ong .lu~f Gia-Lo~~- . : ·. . . ~ .. . . .

· .". ·.vco"plnrimg clil)ri hlrih thU·c, Iu~t Gi~.:Long lchiing. qui djuh ;. nlmng cite dieu kj<}n ve n(li dung ngh'ia thrii·ng ltM · rii r<;L

· 1."'- Kh~c Mn -~g 1*1' tl.r hilt bu(lc phiiich9n m(lt ngm)i.trong hQ dl! lihoi Jam rlli lo(tn vi¢CJ>hung ·•'!' to tieri, ch~ d(l nghi;I . ·.. ·. . .· .. .

·L_~;}}j;~~:~::,·;~;-.i:~;:. ~--., ...... :. .. : :. , ....... . ... · .·., : ./. :~.< .

,_

·dar&ng co the m.Y r<)ng Slf: ''hc;;n !\n ngm'ri d'r''"!l tir hay con nu6i trong d<im ngrrM thftn thu{lc hay khoug.

2.- Khong co cticu ki¢n tulli lien h~ U.Cu ugtr<~ii dint!', m1oi . hay ngtrOi drrl.tng hr. Ou·iing It!: co ti:ll! l~ !rc ,tY 8inil dtr·~i ba tulli, h! vl[t bo, khong hi1it elm m~ va khOng btl'.l h9.

3.- Tuy trong ln(tt kh6ng n6i ro, nhwng trong lrrrltng hgp th6ng tharimg khi bi<lt rf.i elm m~ cim dn·il·ng ti'r; Je di nhien, st,< ngbia dtro·ng phni uuvc cha ID\' c11: ci"' <h'ra he trng thu,in. Bi~m n1ly ciing 11\ m?t M ln(\n etta dillu 77 Gia-Long klS ti1ip, trirng phl).l 90 tnrc;rng viJ. 2 Hi\m rtr&i t<)i di'l nhi\·ng ki\ nilo hllt .drrc;rc cuu tt~ui, _con gid nh;t hro·ng tbi\~.n l\\C dn:()''?8 mit l<h6nH D~p ({nan, cl~ l~i b nhil. minh, him ,jj clto ngmJ"i lrh.i~e. lil!n cou cht\ll, . . . .

_ 4.- Tt·ong dien 7B Gia-Loug, ~hi dung danh lti: nghla til: ; nlmng day Ia m()t danh tit ban quat, gbm ca <:on lnti -liln _con gili. Noi khilc, muiln !!UOi con _nu<ii, ct\ th~ ch9" imui con tra'. hny cop gai. Bi~m nAy khf~e Mn v<'r.i djnh che .l~p-l\r hal j}hUj chqn con trai d~ tiCp tuc vi~c phQ.ng ::.1: trong lu~l.

B - Hiyu h}'c nghi<J du-o·n!J tro>ng luijt (iia-·loug.

i- Ngrrll'i nghia tU: kMng phai mung h9. r.i\..."J. ngh7a phu viJ. _ngliia· miiu. Biem nity lit m¢t djdm kiH\.c hiet tr<;mg · yeu vm djuh eM li.ip Itt vi ngml'i uarqc ll).p tl): hno gilt cling ph:\i chon &- trong h<). . . · . ·. ·

2.- Tny uhien, ueu la m1\t ke hi v6t b& dtrb-l ha tullt kliOng hist drrq·c liq thi ngttil'i dirng rmlii r6 thi! clw ngh!a ti'r dl)i h9 cua mlnh •. K~ e>'i. h·oug trtt'Yilfl h?'P nily, ngu:C:i 11ghi1i tir cltng I<Mng lltrq·c ch'{n liwt ugrri>'i 1\tp ttt. vi lh~.i aq: .. vfitJ ,•.hl !11

~()t ilgmJi b ngo.\i .• khling bifit ro hq mO. lbOi. . . ' . .

. 3.- Vi vil.u il()i hQ c\m h:i.u tOng u~tl ngtrlri nghh t;} cfmg chua lnat h5t lien h!c vo·i gin dii!h ci:ta min h. . .

Tuy doi v:lri elm m~ nuoi, ngu·o·i fly plnH· pht~ng dtrii'l:.g kh(lng thl! bo /!i dtr(l"C d(i to long bii~t O"fl ve C!)ng ntlOi ui(ng, songtrong hai 'tmcrng hQ'p· ngtril·i fly c6 .the x:in ll'o' ve vo·i cha ~~de: · ..

129 . :.::.:·.· .. ..... ......

' -. ..

·.'

a.- Klli (:ha m~ mt6i <lii sin b. cou Inti:

h.- Khi cham~ de khong co con trai.

•1.- Khi dtro·ug lu xin tri\· v~ bUn tong thi khOng drrgc phep dern vi3 nhit nhfrng titi sun da Hm. nh~n & nha chn me lltl<)i. fliam nity ch(rug tO c{tc dtrong !tr. C6 th[l diTQ'C hu·ang mQt phlin gin Uti ella cha m~ nu6i, nen khOng rO'i bO nhit cha m~ nu6i.

Troug lu*t Gin-Long con dq lit;u minh thi la cite trb nuoi dn·<ri 3 tu1Ji d~r,n! mi)t i>han gia lili va kltCmg 'a; trong gia dinh chn 1n~ nntli c.':l th~ b:1.t hu(lc c:i.c tr~ ~ly tt.Zf \"i! Lii.u t6n:{ d@. xfun h ·~ J ~, - " "' c wm p mn gw :-:an nn_y. :

Ill.- ll!gbia ~:hro·ng trong tl}c 11}.

Neu trong hai hv lul)t nha· L~ va uhlt Ng<tyi!u Slf ngh1a du·o·ng chi dm;>·•: qni t1inh m¢1 each do·n gian, ln\i )'1-f khuye't di~m nay ·da Uii'9'C l\IC ]~ bll xung·.Jrha duy dti..

.:,: . .. · .

. ·. . :· .

c6 th/l nUOi them con uuoi, lll\IC dich tlnr/.l'ng khOng ngoai sg dugc ciip them lthdu phlin cong <li.en hay them ugu:t.i lam giirp;

D<li v&i ngu·Q-1 Cl'D nu.oi, "" ngh!a du:ljng cling !thOng phlii .chju mtjt dUhi ki~.n ni\Q vi'l tuBi, hc..~ ve nam: nfr i!uh,

c.~ Hi~tJ hyc cim ogh!a d!rt•ng theo ti}C !~.

v~ !lieu J,rc," cti.a .,. ughin du·o·ng. can phA.n hi~l 2 van d(; :

1) BJu vj t:i'm ngu:M con nu(Ji trong gin rlluh elm m~ nuOi.

2) D!a vi elln ngtr(l'i eon nuCi h·ong hllu tOng.

a) Bia vi czla ngu:M con nudi lrong gia tllnlz cha me ·nu6i •

. . Tren ngny~n illc, siJ nghia dr:ro·ng cri.ng co hi~i' IJ!c nh~r t~ M. ve huyet lMng,' nh<rng trong lhJ!C t~. nhillu kbi cac con nuOi kh6ng (h<vc d6i dlii ngang hilng vl:Ji con de.

Ngll'b·i <lt'rng nuOi phiU trq cup, du:&ng d•wngu:oi con nuOi. Ngu:o·i co'u nuoi thU'cmg dwgc cham nom san soc n€u chlnh ia chan ru{>t ciia ngub'i dt:rng nuoi, nhilt Ia chan ciia nganh tnr&n!!:, Neu ngu:cti con nuoi !thOng phai cling m¢t gia dlnh v&i cha i!l~ J,i.Uoi, SJ! ·c](,j dai !hm'tng C6 pban kem, C6 khi. chi dti'f'C COi

. nhu ng~r/.l'i lam trong nh:l..

Nllu nguM con nulli khOng -hi!St cham<; d~, ho{lc cha.m~ . de dfi kh~r6·c tir hfin kMng nhln nh$nnfra san khi sinh, thl co. thll dzrgc dlli h<;> chn nuoi. Trong ciic 'trircl'Dg hQ·p khac, ugU'b'i 1iy vii:n giii· hq cii cti.a minh hoijc chi thilm hQ cti.a cha · nuoi vao h9 'cua mlnh. · ·

Ve pl;·u:o·ng di~n thirll ke, ngtrbi dU:rig uuoi kh()ng bil.t hu¢c pluii. dB l~i m{>l phlln· di sancho ngll'oi con nuOi; nlmng thtrb'ng vfin _cho hq m{>t phlin nhO ho·n phlin ci'~a con, de. Nell kh6ng co clnic tim . hay san lhu, h~i dong gia t(lc, hie chia gia tl>.i, vlin ·c6 tM cho ngu&i con nuoi m{>t phan to hay nho, tli.y theo

. SIJ an 0' cita ngir/ri COn UUOi d6i V6-i cha llUOi, Va !t\y '!heo tinh yen ci'1a ngrrOi cha. nu6i doi vll'i hq'. KhOng c6 quyen: tlt~'i:a M. doi v6·i ngqiri du·ng nuoi, Ie di nhien. ngwil'i eon nu6i ding

. ~-~ . 131

k!\ong chr(l'c Jm&ng. nhil:ng quyen nlty di'ii vai cac !lmn thul)e cl\~ ngu·(.l'i dU·ug nuOi.

q phtr,Yng. di~n lang chi\ r.ac lri\ dtro)'C linn coo nuOi tu lt\•l w sinh chu·a · dliv ha tubi thi dcrcre.donr' h6a viYi con de.

' ~ • • t)

Ni;,. dtt<)'t: nuoi '"'" l<hi qu,\ 3 Lu.l'li tbi kh<ing phili chiu tang, nlumg trong lh!J'c te, h9 viln d'l!. tallg cha m~ nuoi !rong nu)t t!hl·i ghw dl\i. ngtiu tl1y lheo lOng klnh yen cha nu; unOi.

' .:\'gtri>'i cnu mi6i !chong eli ngltln V\1 tho· 1._ clw. m~ mu>i

hoyt;'; Lit'n cha m~ nu6i. (Nghia vu nity clti e6 trong trcro·ng tu;q> klJl ltF lll:'t & day ta kh<)ng xet lfri).

h) i)ja 11j llfJlrt'ri con tw6i Ll'<ill!J bilr1 lOll!) .- SL.r ughi1t dn·O·c.g kh<.lng Hun tien tftn c{u.~ 1!hy !i~n h~0 gitrn ngu·Cri con nu6i vo·i h0.11 tiin;l. Do .d6, i:o · ct\c M <rna san : ngtro·• cnn nuOi vlin briif h9 cii cila minh vlt dfii \•lri (~h!l mr; t1C, Yfin ·cO .ngh'in .vu nhu: con lt nha. \'c pllll'il'llg dit)n tnug eM, h9 vi:iu pJ.,ii oil; tung chn rn9 dC .!;:m l~hl lUi kin. plu~.p Chn m~ nnOL (Tr·on:~ trn·O·ug hqp

· . hQ oitrgc l:)p Lt;r, tang ch>t m~ <!e se' rut ngan lit mOt niim).

Vi! phmrng di~n tltira ki!, IH? vli.n gitr quy~n lhu·a k~ trong ·Mn tonn vii. viin .c6 nghin V\1 phai thit t,. nlur lthi con lr nhA.

D.- s, cham d(rt nghia dltO'ng theo 'ti}C re. Thco l(tc .!~, S(r · nghia rlmh![J cti tl!(: chilm ·<f<rt trong cnc

trtrlrug hQ'p.snn ·: ·

NCu rigu·O{ con nu6i .an o: vU nghitt, ~.·ha tn~ ·nuQi c6 th~ Uu'~i vO b:in li'mg. e;s tr{lllh nhli:ng SJF lUi tlt6i ve snn,. cha lll~. nu6i Uur6·ng 1<!1ni ·vi~c · nily v&i lnmng clu\·c cuug ni!U' h·,;ng trnO.·ng Jun1 ugtr(ti .con nnoi lt·tin di. . .., . .

~eu chn ,m~ 'nu;.)i.:sinlt con. trai, .s•!.ngh'in·· d~ii·n-g cilng ldti)ng h! .ch1im.dtrt, Trong l'mirog hgp ng1ro·l. con nnoi trti6·c dlrQ'C Mp I if. mit 811~1 .. chil. . m(i onlli . sinh con irni, thi. chi m!lt breach l~p tl,l'.'.·H9' vlin·tt'iiQ:c coi· IA'cou· v!l.<!trgc.ni(lt phlln gia l!.i. · · · · ... · · · · .. · · · · ·.. . ..

K!>i ngtrlri con· mi6i : d~qc·· m¢1 phl!n gia· tlli thl c6 qnyllri· , .. ··· '' . ~ ...

· ..

holm toim s-.r· dt.mg phan do va c6 tM cteu. .titi s:iu uy vil n!Ja minh.

0

1.- cAu w61 ,

x.-l>iiiu ki?n 1drzh thli:c ella s<r nghitt' dztcl'ng trong hr.g,t nlui Lii.

a.- tJii!u ki§n n~i dung cua s..- ngl!ra drriYng trooz /!((It nlza u. 3·- lli~IJ. l!"c c~a ··'II" nglzra d~rii•ng trong lu(it nha Le.

4.-. Tinh each tan k;~ cria la4t nha Lo so sanlz v6-i lu(il nha fJ~rirng trong SIJ' qui dfnh v~ nghia d~.<!Yng, ·

s.-l3i£akii.n vB nglt!a·dU'O·ng trvl!g lutlt.Gia Long.

6.-,HifU IIJ'c nghia dlrii·ng trong lu(il Gia_ Lor~g.

· 7 • ......:. 'EJieu· kffn ngltia du:o·ng trong t~c 1~.

. '8~- Hi~l' J'fc nghia di.:·irng trong ttlc 1~. ·

"' ~ · · 16.- 'i'!SU LU~N

;,_ Ctic itieu ld~n va hi{ll !(l'C clia S{l:' nghia du:J·ng tro,ng lupt' . nhfr. Le.

z.-' So sank str q11i t!.inh trong lu~t Gia Long ••a- trong tuc l§ vii cac ili.:Sn kifn ·v(l lii~u l~rc·c~irt st£' rlgltra du•fi'ng.

' .J:}.

... -· ·. :.· .. . '

:·;.)~~-<:.:.'·:~.:·_.·; ~:· .~:: .... :~ : ... ·:: --~·-· ... .-.. ; : .. : ··: .... ~- . ~:. . .

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' -.. ·.·t

CAC TIIAN THUQC TRONG B~I GIA BlNH

THllN TH(J' HAl

Mr)t nile thtii dl):c hit';t cua gla dinh BOng-Phu:O'ng _,,,; clmng va f-1 Vi~t-Kam n6i rii\ng, lit ph(im vi rift ri_lng :rlli vi.. cJ\ch to cluxc ritt chi_\t chi! cua d'!i.gia dinh. Khong nhii·ng chl gom co vq chClng ·va cac r.on cai nlm cac gia dlnh a TAy-Phu:c)'J)·g, ma ta Unxirng ggi Ia til!u gia dinh, d:).i gin dinh VW-Nam bao bum tfr C{W b~c iOn thil~C nhtr Cac Cl,l, CaC ong bit, chu hac acn CllC

ty !huge nhu· eMu, chll.t, nbieu khi chi c6 hq xa. Mij.c dhn th.J.n thu•)c g(im nbi~u. th!l M nhtr vf)y, cilc m6i hrO'ng quan hi\ con. h·ong b.9 ra,t ch~t"che. Cac lii\n i(IC gifra bA con· xa gan du·qc thil.t

. ch~t vli mlj.t ngbi n; 'Ji1lng Sl).' dl'i tan·g cho. nhau. N6i each ]thac,. cac cap Me thli.n thu¢c (hny thlin dllng) ngay xu·a dtrqC tinh theo !hOi gjan vA. each dll tang. ·

Llin .Jtrql, trong thii\n nay s!! .him v~ cac van de : · 1) Cac io(li tMn thu(ic . . 2) Cach tlnh cap bl)._c· thtln thuc>c h!l.ng tang eM. . ·3) Quyl!n·ngtrOi gia:tru:ang vii. quy ch!l c:ic th~n 'thuc)"c. ·

~. . . . .

. · :.··-:*:-· .· .

.- ..

. ! '...

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·, ·;. ~ :· g.: . .----··. ~- ·. ···:':.:::·::..:·~.'.·.· •. ··.·c·;·',_··.',:·· .• ·_'.·_''._'_··._·~:"·.· •. "-~~-,·· . . ·. •.· •. · .•· .. -.:.·,·., ... ·" •. _·.·· ·' .. •.· .. -... ·_ .... ·,· .. . . -. ·- -. . . .. . -- - "< _:::.~ · . . ·.:-::.':::."";..~.:.·~; ~-::.-~-.-

•

CHUO'NG TH.U' NHJT

cAc LOh.l THAN THUQC

T6 chli:c d:;ti gia dlnh o· B6ng-Plnt'O'ng <ifi chju anh hull'Dg r1it nhieu cua Kh1ing giao. VI:. phtwng di~n nity, Khllng-'fir trorig cac sach aii so(!aJ·a, cld L!m cdclt t;rhg co m(JI qnan ni~m v~ gia rfinh ad xui'it hign & Tl'Ullff•Eloa ·Ur tfilu . nlu'L Clw ; qual! ni~m ify nlti'i.m Dl(IC aiel! !Jiii• vu·ng 11g quy~u va ifia Vi clto nha vua • .

. . . Nam 1134 lrtr&c ky nguyen, sau khi thau gom thien ha tlianh rn(it moi, vua Vii nha Chu da ngh! c>lch ltru truyeu vlnh CUD sl! nghi~p bilng cf:.ch d~t ra che d<) phong kien. Tat ~a dat dai a ntr6·c Tim thiri ay dm;rc chia d10 <:{,c elm han chc:m .trong dam than ·thn(•c .. ci'm Hoang t<,>c. Chinh sach nha Clm cc:i tM tom tal d:;ti ltrqc nhu· sau : «Uinh th1l lny philn chia,· nlmng dan t(ic viin · hQp thimh m(>l moi». Noi khilc, m~(c clli.u dat c<lt dtrQ'C chia 9ho cue chtr han, song quyen ci'ta nba vua khong he ht xti.m ph:;tm, vl citc.chtr hau v6n Ia lhil.n thue,c ctia vua.

Di'l giir cho n"n phong kien dtr9·c vfrng hen, nha ·vua con di)i ra c:i.c lu~t 1~ chi ph6i cac i6nrJ h:;ty d\li gia dinh ('). Theo , to chl'rc nay,'trong miiid:;ti gin dlnh hay cd.c lh:in.thu¢c <lend¢i ' ·chung m(ll h<;> hay lin/t long (') gom cac tlian tht1<)c dong tong .. Trong cac than lbu{>c ay, nguil'i con ll'll'o·:ng cita ngimh C>l duqc coi Ia ngrroi d\li di~n cho ci\ hq hay ci\ tOng. Chtl:c vt d>cti di~n

·nay dll'qc-lmt.tmyiln til' il.o·i nay sang <llri khac. bao giir -ciing do ngiroi con. tmo·ng trong ngi\nh. ca ..

.. V~ phan c~c co11 tht.f, sau khi l(l.p gia dinl1, hQ cling dti·ng ....

'(I).~ .

(11) ·li '$

... 135

,1~i;t ur::wh · thi:-. ltay" LUng h¢ .. Viti hr <~t'tch. dii l('t.p nen mOt ng&uh rieug bi1?.t, hQ ciing duqc coi lB. Ong th rieng ci1a ngAnh nily. Tny nhien, qua nam dO'i thl cac bit <:on, mijc dan d1lng tong nghTa h\ cimg chnng rn¢! Ong !1>, cung khong con coi nhau lil bo r.nn nii·a.

Dn l"lf~"'JJ•t n \~~ ltgrrrYf con il'Lrbn!; froug il_(/tlllh. ca tlu:qc L'Oi ·M: rJ,:"ti. !1i\':1~ dt·J rJ f6n.{f, .nau·cli ('iy d"u·9'c giti: 'f.UlTfin ph~mg tg: lrong h') ""if"\''' Mi r.n cac nganh tmng Jtp ph{"' tong·. N6i lthac, S'! <ho"' ki~l troug hQ c1a dtrQ'C un,·c hi~n mit khong cltn nhil' Mn "'':} .!~.t'G, (:1 1-~ d·~ ~~r ehfi il'H,Ji ngrrc)i troug hQ cten phiii tt") lOng thimh 1:--hd"!. ':'(fi dnt~ tO chnug.

Nhil·ng ·ntOi Hen lu) gilrn tO chJ"~c d(fi glu (i!n~ vlt nCn tAng e<"m che <1<) qu:in chil phong kicn <Iii dtr9·c snell Le-Ky giai thlc.h t:·oug <lo~n cuoi. tl•Mn 14 nhnn de Ia El:.ti <'hny~n : Than t/uin,

. (:6 ltm tb. Tt!u Iii, co kinh tong. Klnh Tong, ci'; lim t~c. T/ml(ic:, vi> t·3ng Jlli14f nalli•'Jn. Tdng miliu nghi~m, ciS tn;m,q "'ii tiko. (') . D[d1 : D<• [,.;":1 llii<'O'T'ff yi:11 cha Jllf. nlln co s(r. 16n I!H~ t!J lien. Do ~-(r idn iltt'l tO tl.1n .nfin c6 S{X kinh tJ-r}ng ntJtrO·i trzrlrng hp._ Do·s~r ltifllr lri•"il · nyu:M im'irng ltl)! n~u co S(L' ctoan kiit ch(it. che Iron if t•?c h(•· Do S(t aoclr1 kl:.t trong 19c·hl), ni!.n nhcl tit& h9 (lOng mieu) a'I(tC [,;n ngliii!m. !Jo c!ciJ .nlla ihttlil) ilm;rc t6n ugltiem, n<ln xii U':c il!~f:rC coi liJ lrl)ny.

NC>i klulc, c.Ung ell d[a vi cna· niu-IJ'i tmbng hQ, vA n~n tang . c\i~ (lia dinh · cilng lil qn!Jc sac}, a~ . gifi' vii'ng· n~n q~an chii plltinr{ kien. · . · · . :

.... -~j l{h1lng gil!O.d1ic6. :i.nh htr.Yng silu r(mg. ff Vi~! Na;u, va du·lr• chiS de). qull.n chi!, quylln Igi . cun nha Vu.a ciiug ldJ(mg ngo/li Sit lU:t h:ttyen Vinh CUU ngoi_ bci.U !ron{,'· giong hi), D~D t!J chfrc d(li gin dlnh cua· TJ;ung Hoa ciin(f. da drrr,rc du · uh*p vito nu·(rc tn tir !au: Tny .nhil\u,' b.u; I~ Vi~t-Nam .ciin'g 4ii diw Iny¢tt ro. m<)t djnh_ eM dr,~i. gin dlnh c6 nliirng' sac. thai . dlj.c hi~t: .. · ·' ·

........ ·.-·.. ..·""; . _;, -.:.:: . .:~ .... .... : .. ···-~ . .:". .... • ... ·.=.:. - .. , ..... .; ... . ,-~ ·'

II I I

Trong il(li gia ilinh Vi~t Nam, ciln phiw biet ba ioo·i tMn thu(lc:

1) Cac thttn thu<)e Mn n<)i, 2) C{tc tb:lu f h u¢~ hCn .ugozd, 3) C:\c th;in Hm(>c him vq.

DOJ.N TB.C.f NFI,11'

civ:. H!AI'-1 THUQC BEN·i>-1¢1 HAY NQI THAN

(Jy-bai\ Cfi~vffn An-1(: gli'li d.!p t.:: .. lu h(}i sO 11 em phtm b!;:t 'l io~i than ihn(>c :

1) Ccic 1/uin tluujc trOll!] uia f<}c gom co cac ha co n·h<.> giln cling song chung trong m(\t uha. Trang gia !<)c, ,llurlrog·l:o bai .vq chOng vi!. c;.\c con. .

2) Ccic th<in llm~r. 1:~!-n i!lc gom c•) clttn uO'i thitu·thu.;.~. N~u Jay do'i minh linn g6c, lhi .o· tr(\n co d1a mP, hay pl!lf milu; tr8n cha mQ co 6nii bit h"·Y to pllvmau, tren 6ng bit. c6 Cli hay t&ng [/) pit(l mall, !reo C\l C6 k}: !Jay cao I~ ph,l mall ; Iron kY. c6 cao cao iii ; tren t:no cao t6 co t/uly .lo. o· du6'i dO'i minh thi ·c6. con hay t{r ; & du·o·i con thi co chim hay tJn: o· dcro·i chitn tbi ' c6 cMt hoi,ic lang ton ; o· dtriri chi\! co ·chit! hay ~wyen 1611 ; o· dtrlri nfra •. co chit !l9i cbung hi vii!tz lim, Tir cno tl> den huyen t6n, g9i Iii ciht~ti)c, c¢ng c.u d<'ri minh Iii 9 dlri : - ·

1.:.... .Cao i() ph\1 mfrtl ·: k.Y. 2.- TlLDg tl> J)lliJ n1lin : Cl)

.3.:- To phu mli:u : 6ng b9. 4.- l'ht.l mll:it :. cha m~.

Bll'i. ini nh ; ' 1.-Tir: Con

•'

2.- T6n: Chitu · 3.:..:... "Tang tOn : Chlit

.> ·. 4;:-"·H!!ylin ton: Chut. •• ·~ ••.• ' • • . :· .. . · . • • • l ••.

· .. . ', ... . . . ~-. ...

·.·

. ... ~

'

K~ lir do·i Cao t1ltro· l~n, tren him thb' 1 rl t Wn, cac biti vi rieng se bo· di vii stt lh& ct\ng chi cir himh chung cho tat ci\ cac vj, khOng thll' riilng ·bi~t niht. Ngtrl>'i Ia tlmirng n6i ; Ngii" u(li mai than clHi ngh'ia Ia quo\ 5 do'i thi chtlQ thiin chi\. hay hili vj. Cac h(lc t1ltH\n o·tren ngii d·~i dllu tho· chung, khong c6 hili vi i·ie'ng cho niili h(•c, ·

3) T'htin I/Jn9c lOng t(lc hay dong tong g(~m cilc ngr~o·i tbi\n. thu¢c cl'mg tho· m¢l 6ng ti'l, cung d(li m¢1 h9 .. Gilt tin\ h! cilm

. giii·a cue thiln thu(lc dong tOng. Tuy nhi~n, giii·a c>lc ngrril'i nay, . ldi t.r Qgti d(ti tro· di, kh6ng phili d~ tang nbn, nfrn .

. 4) Thdtl llm~c tWng llnh gi'Jm nhirng nguil'i ct'tng do)i m(>t hq. N!lU'ng din .nhi).n djnh rling nbii'ng ngiro·i nity c6 'th~ ){hOng cung chung rn¢t ong t1l. B6i viri pliilp hl!).t, s•;r than thu¢c dong tinh kMng philt sinh ra hi~u ll!c gi vll dan .sty. ,. .. . .

. Billm' qua h01~ lo(ti than tl:m{>c tr.\n duy, ta rih(l.n thily rilng . hailOI).i,tren fhuc)c ve than tJm~C tr\fC b~ (\i((ll•} directe)'ngJiia Ia inoi day than thuc)c do huyct thOng m1\ c6. N6i ·m{>t each khac, trong than thuc)c tr!lc he, giii·a hai do·i lieu tiep v&i nhau c6 m<)t nioi !tro-ng quau ph\t M hay hi: h¢, tti·c Ja· m5i trro-ng quan gifra cha con. . ·

Hai .thAn \li.ui;)c dtr6i thu(ic ve than tliu¢c bang M · (ligne colluteralc). Pbitm bil con lrong bang M ·{gqi lit hang tM.n)

. ··'·138 ·,·. : .. --:·-.. _~-~·j:.~:-1·-~~-:~::·; ... \ .- ''.:.. ·~~·: ..... , ...... · .,.

•' -~-- ~:.::~ .......... \ ··~:

.'• . ... - ··.,· ,. ·.' ·' . .'. . / ;, __ -~·._, ;.'_;_-~ .. -~d ·: -:~'-"".;.,-. -~---~. •·• ·-.!

. I

! -

II Ill

li:hOng thn<)C c(tng m('t nganh, tuy cuug Ia chung m¢1 t1l; thl d,t: chi1, eMu, moi ngtroi Um{lc mo;/1 ngilnh khac nhau.

fiO;lN THU HM

cAr: THAN THUQc BEN NGoP.-r HAY NGO,~I rHfCH

C'ic lo,_d ihan tlm{>c Vl.l"a ld~ o· tren ila clw Itt )· thtrc tlU:Q"C

klJU6n khll rl)ng r1\i cim dl)i gia dlnh Vi~t Nmu tri:mg'· d~ pMp .. .' .

Tny nhi<ln, nhii·ng IO>)i thftn tbu<)c nay cling r.hi n·lri 1:\ t.hii.nh phan chinh y<ln cun th.ti gia clinh. Cue loai luau thn(ic ay thimh bit con hq nl)i, hay n(li than ( 1'-1 .$!!,).

Ben C(l.nh b.ll con ben n(>i, c6n ngo~i thich b::,' ha con hq ngo"i ( Yl· IIi, ). En con ben ngo,,ti g~m hai h<.mg ihan tlm¢c :

a) H,wg ba con ben ngo<.li lhir nM! gum ciu: bit r.on ve

·~ .

. ,: .. >h~·:if

phla m9. ±rang lu*L fl<)ug:'phu·o·Hg ding· nlm trong lm}t Tay phuo-ng, ngiriri la. ph an JJi<;t dong h9 elm vii dong IH) niQ. Tlty thea ngti·lri tri vh:ii di ngU'Q'C ve phiu cha hay phia ID9 de Um c\ng til chung veri ng\riri lhiiu ihru)c ettll minh, ugu,iri nay· si' dU'qc coi Ia n¢i than hay ngo\ti lhich.

· Thl du : con cim anh chi ciia m~ (bite ngo;ti) !it anh chi e m hq ngo:;i ;, chan <:l'ta nnh. chj ciia m~ (hac· ngn~i) Ill cl.Hiu h(l ngo~i (xem t1:iu de>). · .' . b) H(lug bit con.ben ngo,_tl' thu· hai gom ~ac thill;t thu¢c do C>ic ~gU'b'i t1itn.- bit troug li<.> di J1[y chOng, vit sinh ra cue con chan.

Th'!• d\~: m<)t U;ltrcd chj, di. lny chong sinh con ;. cite tigu·o"i . nay' dOi v.Oi ntinh la chtn1 h9 ngo1,ti, kh{lC viri cite c·on ella nnh

Ia ·chiin h<,> n(l.i.

f::)(j Jj.N TI:JI) fl,\

. cAC THAN THUQC B~N VQ

Ngoai sv phfm bi~t bit con hQ ng01,ti' vii h9 n¢i, trong gia dlnh. c~ con pnah hi ~t bit con ben ·vel. . . ··

'Mi}f 11gU'b'i dim bit di lay' chong., dui;rc coi nhu con cid h·ong 11ha chong, dimg nlm can L\tC rigrr : Dfm coo r~ khach.

·chi;,!) vr ngirlri con dan· utl'Q'C coi. nlm col! -i·u¢1, fhn{lc vli · ben.n¢i, virtrili l(li cac con gai klti Jay chong, thn{lc h9.itn toitn ·. vl! 11ha'chong vit nen cb sinh ·can chan, ciing chi hl..thim·th1,1(lc

Mn ngoQ.i, cho nen o··l:l[\c Vi¢t, t~i nhietllitng, c6 nhii'J]g nghll thii .. cong .chi truyen d~y cho ccm dim chi'r .kM ng. 'd:;ty .cltQ con gt\i de gi\r mai du·q·c nghC a trong gin ilh,h, kMug tru'y/Ju ra · he,> ngo!U. · · ·

· Tuy:nhien, ·ngu·lii. coo. trai lay vq, m~c dautheo :_-!wi .. ~gfr .. . ducrc· C()i Ia kMch lrong gin . tllnh nhit ... ·:vq, nh1Xng ciing c6. · qhCrng·mlli lien h~ thlln thw)c'v6'i b8. conh~n Vf:!, ),:tang iren thl

.. la: cha m~ Vf!, cing bit. vrt (nhieu khi ciing gc;>i II\ '6tig. ngolJ.i) . Ct;l ~ng, Cl,l blt ben VQ' V. V •••. hang ngang vai lit.:_· anh. chj em VQ',

hilng'du·6·i 111: eMu hQ ben Vif: v.v ... · · .· ...

: t4i'r . ... . . ' . . . •.. ·: ·.;. "· . ·. :.··_::.,- ;':; ...... ., . :

. . . . .. --~ •.:~~ ........ ·.·,-· :.·.·.:.'.'.~.'.· . .. ' .. ;.: .. ~.~:~.:::...,.: ..... ·:..::-. ~ . .. -~ . •·. . ... ··.· ..

II II

~hil·ng hh con ben \~Q\ ngity nay ngtn'Y! i·-1 thJ.t.'n•g gqi n.huug <IIY(l'.l danh tir cue n/uin llw(!c (allies), ngh'itl l:i cnu thiu;• Umi)c: clo hUn nhfi n ;u .. ·~ cb. ~.auxug danh i.fi.' (ad:.an Uul·~~C)J J.i, nl('il.dnnh tU rri\'ti, !t.:.tn.~·a ~ltt h1(1! phitp Tfl..y p!nro-l.lti, ·t rnni; 1:t.h! ll; cfi cii.;. ta thu·Ctng gqi uOn1 nu lit hU con bt:n v~·-

N6i l61n h~i, gi1t ~~Hnh. tl·ong t5 ln¢.t lii ml)l d~.d gi-3 c:llnh mil k!w6n l~hli h6t st'rc r~1ng 1·~~i luto gOm :

1.- Ci"' thi\n lhm}r. hen ni)i (n(Ji lh:ln). :t- Ct'!c. tlu\n thu.l)t~ h~n ngo:_ti (ngo~.d Utkh). !L- C:'t(~ tllfm thuQc hl!u vg.

Troug: et"tc lo:.li ih:\n tltnl>r. fiy, cO tucjf: tilll.t ll:~-~~ J(,!l ty l~·~ii t'Q:' J'iit cno ; ngtdd du·6'i plt~ti tOn kiuh. d.tc hi1 cnn h:)t.: trCn.

Nhihtg thfuJ !huc)c 0· lren d11J'i La, thl g(li lit titc !rJn tllui}<~, nhu· elm Ulf:.\ \~hl'l h:'tc, ong b:-\. v .v.. .

N"htl-ng i·.hil11 thn<y~ b lhriYi d.iti ta, thi. gqi la fy llliitic . nhu coo cln'w, ch:lt v.v ..

. BOi v6·i nhfrug hl\ eon J~gnng lulng vC:ri n.hau do cimg cha uw Sinh r:i, thi c6 lt; il'lrc)·ny tiu, ni sinh lru·6·c thi plu\i lh;t·q·C· kinll n~ (lmo·ng h\ lim, iiu )a nhb). Neu li> bil con khi1c nglmh, thl l¢ trn·O·ng fin :lp <lung cho c;;'tc b~c cha m~, <>ng hil tU1 sinh ra dw ngimh do, <11: philn bi~t nganh nao !a ngiluh lt·tril·ng ; bil con lrong nghii1lLrrrCmg hno giCr c~ng cO dja · vj ·u·uthe deli vCri lu\ ··con trong ngt\nl_l thti'.

Mi_ic dau >ip ·d1,lllg sl! ph<\n bi¢1 ion th.u(>c ''a ty.thu¢c, ctlng nhu nguyen tUc lrm7ng fiu, ngu·(l'i lading (:hun trQ-l~ hrgng (lU'Q'C.

ml)t each <1ich xlic Gilp h~c Lhiln so· gilhl hili ngrrb'i· thiln lhu¢c. ·ea, lit van d" ihiln dilng (lldm lil ba con : a&ng !a cap h~c) mil c!u1ng la .~ :<et tl·ong clurO'ng san.

·.to:.·.· ,'."· . ,, , .... :· .. . · .. ,,

·, '

r . ...:... Ta chU-c d~i gi<t tf.lnh J. f>Ong Phrro-ng n6i clmng, u'Vi~t"Nam noi riling dii cfliu dnh hrrung czla ta clzU:c phong kien ctla Hoang tpc nhil Chu T£hrr tM nao r . .

z • .:.... Ba con ben npi gam biin loQi thfln thu~c loqi new f

3·- Cdc thtin thupc Mn ngo¢ c6 th~ nllln nh~n ilrrQ·c bling ca.ch nao?

4·- f;dc t~dn thui}c gll11i co nhii:ng ai ?.

11.- TJ~U LU.?.N : . Cdc loqi than tlm11c trong dqi gia <finn:

•'

...

..

0 ••

-, .t4:r:. ......

--:;~~ittJi.;~11if/ ... ;:~: ,;;~;-:;';;~:~{;;!;L;":;_;:,:_,~ .:··.~:.. ~,;'_\:: ·.: i , . : :. __ -~·.::;):_._.~ .. ~:.c::..::: ::, ... ~: . ..:..!-~ ... !.,

•.

,_ '

IIIII

CHUO"NG Tfi(f H.4.I

Theo t!.iC 1¢ cl1a ta, phiuu th!i.n lhnQc ngang httpg viri nllilU lhuc}c ve cimg n1(Jt dO·i, thu('rng gQi h't bit con h~lng vai. St.r sa tlll\n cim lhfm llm<)c m<)t <Uti clili vi>"[ thil.n thn<)c elM llhilc, sc lay so cl<ri phftn each giii·a hni ngtrlri lam tieu chni\n; thi d\1, giira chu ch:.\u, hay chacon. chi dch <'<i m¢t dCri. Citch Unb nay · -cO lgi vU ·bi~u 1Q tn¢t ciid1 git~n dj Jn5i tbUn thut)e xa gflu gifra hni ngu·lti hit con ; nhtrng loi !lnh ay kb()ng chrc;rc chnlin xac, vl nhilln khi giirn myl ngtro"i ehit vil m¢t ngtrlti chan h9 xa, .chi each nhau m<)t diri ; troog khi moi quito M cha con ru(lt th!t cfing chi .citch Hhnu m.;lt diri. N6i khlic,- loi tlnh bil.c thfin sO' gifra :than llm<)c lheo so diri kh<ing di silt v&i tht;fc Lc trong miii m1li tnro·ng hq-p dj bi<)L · ' ·

M{.t doi J(hi lrong C>\c gin diuh d(li nho, di'l pl;fi.n bi~t c:\c bit con thu(ic ci.urg m(it do·i, ugirlti . ta lhtrimg ch9n m(lt chfr d~m ri8ng _cho leu tilt ca cac ngtrlti 1ly. iiii,}t. thi dtl di~u hlnh 1:\" Mi tho- .Be-lt¢ do Vua Minh-M<.mg <iii. .lam ra •1~ lln djuli Mn hi~n cac d<ri Vll:.l lroug Hoimg-I'(>C :

Mien-Bon «-Un cr-Brru- \Finh t' . ;;,

B1Io-Qu y-B!n h-Loilg-Trtrimg Hien,Ni:ing~Kham-Kt'i-Thui)n. Thfi-Thti )·~Quoc-Gia-Xtwng ..

Moi m(ll chli· trong bai tho· ·tre~1 <1•\Y phii.i dung dB liml chfi: . . d¢m cho tift en nhfrug· ngtroi trong Holtng-t(l_c thu(IC.. ve ~~i~{· · .. : mc)t qiJ'i •. Tlur II!' eitc dO"i trong Hoang-t¢c nhtr vij.y se ·clo thit.ltr ., :: · .i cac clifr troug bid tho- chl djuh. Thi: U\1 urt ca c.1c COli cl!a,'vu~.' (;iifr:

.. ... . , . .. . '."': ..

' . Minh-ll!~ng deli lay chfr 'd¢tn. Iii :\lien; cite con cua vua Thi¢uTri den lay chii· u~m 111 H<lng, vua Thltnh-Tlu\i.vit ·vuit"JiliiliBjrih <1t1n lit eMu nlhn iliYi ci1a vua Minh-M~ng cho : n~n Ufy cbu· d~m th(r tu !a Bu·u, ,·ua Thiu>h-Th.fl.i lit Birn-Lan v.o vua

. Khlii--Bjnh la Mu-H!o.

. Trong dan ginn, thn·IYng djnh "S\r tMn so·. giii-a c.\.c thtl.n thu(lc Mug tliil'i h:J,n d~ tang chli hny ngan, theo· ~c dillu 11! giao -'

· h·ong if\to Khbng. Nhii·ng <lieu· nAy ciiug dil dtrQ'C cac b(l Lu~t _cb ciin Ia cOng nMn. 'Trona cac ll!l /11!11 H6ng-Blrc vci Gia-Lona .il· II(JIIY !Tan /19 lngl, co" ctlc lulu ti/J iln tiinli lana. cllt' giii:a ccic. II!Jm'ri ii'Oll!J liQ. Thiti lu.lll ai'! Inn/{, ciing nhn· tnng pl;lJC (qulin ito illl ·tau g) i!trq·c i'i11 <ljnh lllinh lJl).Ch iWi v6'i. mi'H h~ng tht\.n thu(>c. . .

S1t th!lc, cac ban il1'l vll tang eM. ciing do.o· iinl~ hll-O.ng ciia e~\e b<) lnl)t 'frung-Hoa .rna c6. Cilc dil!u khoan qui ilinh. tang eM trong_hnf h¢. s~cl1 L~-kS·. vlt Nghi-Hi ciia Trung-Hoa. rift Ia pln'rc l:jp, ft ngu·IYi co th1! nh6· dtrQ'C Mt. Mni den dl>'iTiJng, "Vao nlim 1228" hai h(lc gia .Trung-Hoa tit Dtro-ng-Tiu7Siti. (if; " if) vA Ho1\ng-i1Il~n-Slti (1/t ··~ ·if), san khi nghi~n cll'u ci,\n ke coic t!i~u l<ho:in il6itren, mt'li ll).p rn Ct\c bUn di:J V~ tang che d~ cho Sl!' trn cim .dil'Q"c gii\n dj. ·

. ·Nh~ l~p. phap 'frung-Hoa chi .bat dan c6ng nhi).n de hiiri -dl:l v~· tang che, k8 tir <lo-i nhil. Minh, Trong b<) lui).( nitA .Min):t. c1ic J,AP, diJ nhy dtrQ'i:. in !lin dllit lien vito trong !nat, ngiiy_ (! dllu sach. Ngoai ra, ." trou g phlln danh l(l c6 thl!m -I!hi~u dillu )rho~u edt nghla cite. Sll qui djnh. ve tang chli. Lu(lt nhlt MllriTluinh ·cling· phi\i chep ll)i 'Cac b~n .a(l·va c:ac di~u khoan .vi'l

,.tang chil lrong · phlln danh l¢ .ci!n b(\ lu(l.t nliil Minh khOng thay dbi. · · ·

. Trong.c1l-lui).t Vi¢t-Nam dil: Cl)jU auh ln~-o-.~g·c~n cac h_<))u(lt ' Tl'lmg-I-loit . ve cac van de tang eM, song Sl!' nw·c. !a 'cling phil.i

ph!\n hiM gili:a hni Sl!' qui dj1ih civi. 'lul).t H<lng-Brrc-vlt·lu~t Gi_n.:. Long,.~·l lu~t Hl:lng-Brrc cq m¢t sll.c tMi rieng biCt, tt·ong kl1j · lul).t Gi'a-Lqng chi cMp l!;d cac Mn t!ll va Sl!' qui djnh cua 'lul).t

.·,:· nha: ::VIini(va nh& Thanh. . · . · ~ · ·

· .. ··. · ...

~~ .. ::.;.'i::.~. ~ ... ~~~~- .~ ·~ :~~.~· ;.!:· :_,·.~ ,,. • •-' -··~·' • • :-___..:.: r

. . . .. . -~- :'· -~- . .;·~·:_ ... "~~~- ~::"•" .:.::~~-~-. ·: ... :~

. '

.,..

Lan luvt trong clmirng nay se xet ve ba vliu d€! :

I.- Sl): qui dinh tang chC trong lu(\t Hong-Bir.c.: H.- S\r qui clinh tang che trong lu<)t Gin-Long. Ill.- Tinh thlln qui djnh tang eM trong cl> !il>}.t.

TIET TIIU NJI,{T

siJ QUI El>INH TANG CH~ TRONG LU~T HONG eO·c

Trnnt: ~Juynn (J.n6e·Tr!Cu Hinh-Lu(H. mi\ tru·O·ng Lu{J.t Sni.gun dri cho djCh, e() hni bitn ,Ji't v(~ ttmg ch~:

· 1) M(lt ban tlll nhan de Ia: Ngii plu,1c t1lug <tlJ. (Ban ttll t1lng ke nam Iwng tang ph~"' (<rnun :lo tang).

2) M{>t biin ·do nhan ·all Ia : :nan tong cU..u t(>c ngli ph\lc chi do. (B•In ([() ke nnm lwng tat•g ph\tC d6i voi 'ba con chin h9 trong him Umg). ..

Hni bltn dl3 ve lang c.h~ nay dm;rc in trong b(l hu).t Hong- . · f:)(rc Ill nu)\],!ing ehlmg hi~n nhi8n dng· Cllc nhit · SO\\Il .ra h<) · ltu)l H1lng-Bti·c ng01\i lu:)l nhil . Dtl'!l'ng · ttit Lhlim 'lthiio clt ht(lt

uhit lrfinh, vi. lrong lu(\t nha Bm'mg cua Tau, chtra co cite h:l.J,· riO vC lang ch~, nhu· dU ghi 0· h·Cu .

Tuy uhi6n, nhil.lamlui).t th!l'i Hllug-Btrc cling khong chap llhi~n loan tli~ Slf qui djnh plnrc l\\Ii ciia lui.\t.nlu\ Minh, mii. sau ·nity liti).l nhlt Tltanh cling nh1r lui)t Gin-Long dii chep 1\\i nguyen v~n. Trong sg- qtli· djnh· cita 'fruug-lloa co tM · bD.y ban dll, h'ong ln~t Hllng~f)(rc In chi t!lav hai Jn\n dll ghi & tren. . -

· I:lai lnln dll ·n~y c!ing l>j n\ch m1it · ml)t . vai · c!t8. Ban djch cita truimg Lu~l, nhat lit ·d6i vM bii.n dll M Lang ph\tC troug ·ba con chin h9, !thong to:o . tr9ng hlnh thU:c cua. Mn do, va ciing kh6ng ghi ro nhirng cho'l thi<'u s6t vl b! r{lCh,. nen 11\Ji dung ·!thong dm;rc .minh h;tch. 131! ti~n so simh str· qui' djnh etta . lu(tt Hong-Bt't·c. vt'J"i hu)t Tl'llng-l:lon mil sau nily lu(l.l Gia-Long dii cMp l~i, thi\!t tir&ng dln phien djch hai h:l.n dll n6i tren, theo .dnitg 'hlnh th1rc ci'ta h<) Quoc-trien .l:,!lnh-lui).C

145

--~---·------------·-----------------

nAN Bl'> ToNG IiJ:; NA6f H•~NG TANG PIIVC (Ngli pbQ~ tong rl<:l) ( -"'-Jilt~'! Ill) )

---·-··-·---- ·--.----------t .- 'frliw thoi tnw ni<'n : t1uz:; lr~.m thoi bn niit11.

Ao dtrng v:ii gni sO rllt xliu mil uuty, kllOng klutu gfin (y dvng chi tho ma hi! vi dti, bat phimg fu~hicn.)

------------·-·-- ·-- -·-·-····""--··-----·--·------- -·- ·----· :-::.-- T;; tlH~i; l:1ng {~ Uu3i· .

. T_nng n:iy g(hu c6 4 lll~.i : .

(1 nilm) kh6ng g\ty ( ... (') tru-qng co·) .(1 nlim) c6 g~y ( ... (') hllt tmr;l'lJg: CO')

5 th:lng (ugi'tnguy¢t) :i tiJftng (lnm"tiguy~!) · , I •

Ao dr1ng viti gni. sr) rnlt nwy, c6· l<hlin (y dtmg t!Jo mn bO.vi chi phirng h~ hi8n.)". _. .

. . 3.- Dl).i cilng ciru nguy¢t :. tang -!lid cting, c.hin t_lu\ng._.

Ao rlirng vni (ho·i· to) mit inny. I . . .

(y dr)ng lh(l thttc h i'l vi cbi) . · -------·-·---· ____ ___;_

· -t:- 'J;'i~u cong pgii nguyet: tang ii~u <'i!ng, nli"m thOng •. . .Ao dt'tng vai (llO'i to) mil _may.·_

(y dt.mg (2) thil lh\iC bO \'i "clli)

~ . . 5.- Ty ma tam nguy~t : tang ty rna ba thiuig.

. (Trong hii.J? do thilln miH d m¢1 lia~g.chii·. ve _vai dutig u1r mny·ao tang. Nlurng·can cl'r ylw bni ch& ·'

· ty mn, ta c6 th1J bii!t Ia "tto tang 1:\m},/i.ng vtii nho in~t.).

(l) 'fhli.\'u cai ehfi nha; aien .:NbTXag. c6_i'h~ ~i\n· ~,; ;~~ S~ch, ·r;~K)' "ml,. _ .. :·.· bi~t tluqc, . . • · · . ·: .·.··(

r..Ti~~i~:~2~kjjjib2.i;~:·c~Zt[:,; $.~~:;~~

I.-' sl!.l d/3 t&ng U rnam htt~ng Yang phu,oc.

Trong h:ln d'O tbng kl\ nam h~ng tang ph\lC (ilO !aug) cua Bl) lui).t ,H.()ilg DLrc, 11 hh liun llti).t <tii chllp qhi).n sv pMn lo:J.i trong sltch Lii Ky cun· Trung .Hoa !thOng thay . il'lii. _Sl/' philo .

. . JOl)l nay, nghy nay, vfrn COD t'lJn l(li, trong xa Jt(li cjia ta .

'j) Bijc tang thlr nhl\t til tang tram thoi ba nam. ; trr titl):o:ng gQi · Ia <1;li tang ha nrlUt. Tbi>i la ito tang·; tram 1:1· chem : ·

' tri\m thiii hi it<1 tang. d<oug dao mil chljt i't phla dU:IYi, khiing vicn gUu, h.1c g9i lU hn s'a gUn. Nhirng ngtriYi ph:.H c.hfu dSJi tung 18. : .

·.

- -·

.··.

.... ·

1.- C:\c. cmJ diJ lang cha lll'!.

2.-· V•!' va ~'l Hi <1& tang chllng.

A.o d:J.i · lung phni may b~ng viii gal sO rat xau, . ng~lri d1l tang phil.i ch6ng gf].y.

!l) B.;c tang th(i' hai Ia tang Ill 'ihoi; no tang dtrgc' lt)l!l.u ... vien glin (Tc ~o hn)tg (gl'in), vit di1ng _viii gai sO d~ may. Te tltOi Ia bcyng· tang d~ cho ci1c ton thu()c 1ilur On g.· Hn, C\t, Ky, v.v ... . ' . ' .

· Til tl~Oi gllm 4 h:)ng, n(ingnh<~ kMc nhau, t~\y theo cilp_ bl).c than so· dl>i v6'i nguiri cMt :

. . 1.:-.Til !hOi trit·Q'n,~ cO.:' tang til ih6i m¢t ni'im co g~y ..

. 2.:- Til thOi_bilt truc,rng ccr: tang ic Uu)i m¢t n1im_kltO~gc6 gQy

3.- J:il t~)i. ng!i ngtty~ :.tailg te thOi 5· th:\ng.

· 4._:_ T~ li1oi lan;:ngny~t _: tang-~~ thc\i 3 ti,',\ng. Tcyi lilm ~ao 'I'd c6 g~y tang trong hal bi)c !rani th6i va t~

thOi ? Gij.y tmig l:\. ml)t sl)' bi~ trrgng -long :tluro-ng xot dGi v6'i ngmri chet. Ngtrb'i chin tang phili chGng gQ.y, hai tay nii.m Jay

.. dliu g~y vil h.\c tli ph:li klnim ltrng vin vuo g(.y, .;Il!· to r~ng vi _tliuo·ug xot. ngu:i>'i chet nen ldtiing con_ s(~c d~ di thi'ing .. ·

·.· . · G~y ~:;~ng dtrQ'C ch~.t did diln ·tim, <1~ tb lon·g thtrai;g, khi ali lang chl\ tl.'l g~y.lang deo hiilJg lre; cha dGi vai con nhtr trai n~n· tuQ-ng tron tire Iii hlnh tton CU(! cjl.y tre ; ho-n ilii'aliGn mila' . : '

,·, ···.· . ·. 14'1 . . ' ':" ~

.. :· ~ .i . ~ ,::: . . ::: :: . . ·-. · .. :' ::. · .. ·

cRy tJ"e aell (:'() h\ xnnb tU'CI·i. u~n g!)y t:"lflg Ii\111 bilng lrt! ,jf; t8 lOng llHro·ng ;;.tlt elm ngtrOi cou su6t n.:"i_m lrhOng nguOi.

Khi d!i tang m~ thi l1irn Mnggi'i cdy ngo dllng Clll). SiS- d'i lam b&ug gil cay ng(J dhug Ia vi chl'r il13ng ( >/1>1) illlng thanh v6i chfr rl.C>ng Ia ctlng (!&)); nhu· v~y. ti.'• rling ngrr(ri eon !hn·lfng x6t m~. efinlJ ngang hhng v6·i dw. Gl)y taug hting g6 d(·")n:!~ U:ln trCn v6t i.rbn (ln'(>'ug hinh lro·i), v'\ i!liu rhl'iri v6t vuoug (tnvng· hinh <tnt).

3) B~c tang thu: ba Ia · tang dl}i cong 9 tnang (Cl~i c<'>ng • lA vlJi lo mijt), ito tnn{.{ 1~1H)ng ebn Uun 1):\ng viii" s(l, nhu·ng phlti JltiJg v:\i to wljl.

4)·B~~ tang the;, ht Ia tatig titlu dlng 5 thang (til'!n cClll!J )A v<ii nho m~t) :· i10 lnng dn·q·c dt!ng L>i'lng lht'r viii nhi\ ruijt .ho·o .ali may.

5) B~c tan·g thfr nlim Ia tang ty ma (ly ma lh vai gai nhi\ m~l) no Lnng ell Lhi! d1in'g bilng'Lhl!· vl.i tlm,i·ng nho m~t.

Tny nhil~ri, ngoili ni.hn b;jc tnng n6i trl!n, irong toe 1~ cOn m¢1 lo~i li!ng cho nhii·ng ngtrai lhi\n thu(lc vlw dll'i th(r nam (nghin Ia vlw hitng con· cun cac chut cun ngu·l>·i· chet) tM> lit ·cac chit. Cac ngu·M chfl klulng phili m~c·•\o tang, d:ly lit h~c il<ln miifn ph(IC (1) ; lH? chi p!Juj ,thi\t lreu Iran m(ll hiing vai, ng:iy l1i

_ <ltra dum. N gay nay, thnimg U1ftt bling viii mit11 v:\ng. Ngoai tigay chon c1it, h9 khong pluli ·a~ tang; cho neu thtrc ru, c6 th~ noi rfing tTUn miifn ph{r~ kMng'pluii lit mOt b~c tung. · ·

Nt.m lo<Li l~ng ph!JC n6i t;·en, :do nhfrng ai phui chju ? Nha Jlun'iu(tl Hong o,·,.c dii gi:li quyift v1in de nhy lrong m¢t·luin all !hi' hnl.

' 11.-- "ili!m a6 ke nam ho;~'ng tang trong ba. con. chtn

dang tong. (Xem ban dli .trarig 150) · · · hq

nitn <11i nay nhim d~ u{ : n:in~!Ong ct',.i•-t(lc. ugii-pl,l\;c·C!,i-dC> .. Jl,\,u dll.n:!y c6 the chia hhnha ph'lin : · . . . .

.(I) i!!- L Jilt ·' . ' ·. •· .. ··~ ''• .. . .,. '.. .. . . . .

148 ., .

· .. .'·:. . : . . ····- ...... :. ~~}.,_·~~- :·:·... -. .' .. :·~.· . ·. ,' :"· .. ·:~--~.,·~:.;·;:~:~~~~},~.:- : .~;~:\.",~:·i.~~~~· . .-;:~\~

.....

... · ·· .. :, . : ..

,l) (;HOng· .:hinh gifra ghi c;\.<' t~~ng tron!( t.t¥<: M, l_ir cllo k)!' o(li dl>o cue chtlt, glJin chin dlr:i. Neu liiy chlnh than 1i1illh lam goc thl mlii 0 (y tnln, hay o· drrM, ghi ro t><ng plu_tc vit thlri Ii~n dr tang c16i veri mbi h''"!l Lh:'m thu{>c troug d•c d<ri n6i tren. Thi d\t : 0

- 1-Joi v6'i cham\' phiii de dt~i tang tnlm !Mi 3 nih1L

- Boi v6-i ct.t Ong, cQ bit. n(li, tang tl! tMi 5 !bang.

-:-Con dau t~tr&ng 1 nam v.v.;,

h) fli\n giou"g Mn ilh.li, ghi r:{IC !tmg <lC.i vai c:ic thdn ihn{lc hang-l1¢ dim 6nf:l vit V<i ~-iw cac nt;u·i\'i ily. ThJ 1.1\l : .

·- f:li5i vu~ chll. hole, hay !him, hac J;il..i : tang 1 uiim,

0 - Boi v<'ri. C\t Ong~ C,\t 'hil hQ. tung 3 Lhaugo

- B1ii"v6'i cht\ bole, hay llllm hQ (eMu ong, ch"u; Oug hac} · tang <l thllug v.v .. , ·

c) Bun giong ·ben tral, ghi cac lung d6i v6i cue than Um.;ic h:i.ng-h~, dim ha, du con & ·nhit hay_ dli xuat giao Tlli d" :

· ..,. Boi vqi cbt em' rtt(il, ni'Eu r.O~ o· ulla, lfuJg 1 n1im, neu xu,llt !iia tang 9 tMng: . - ·· · ··

- Hoi1vo·I chj em r.biit chu,.chut hac; netr ·()' nh!\, fang 3 !hang, ncu xufft giti,, J<Mng pht\i. d~ tang v.v .. o

Xet :bUn dlJ tren nay, co thll noi rifug nhii. lam lu~l di\ li¢t ke cac.lang ·d6i yo·i hai Jo~qMn thu~c : ·

_· · 1.:- Cac fang doi v6·i ih~n. thuo.: dim oug· ben i1()i 'Iiny n¢{ _lpdu. Cac, lang nity dcrge dl): Ii~u lt:ong hltng giihi vil MIJ hang · h.en phiH. · __

. 2.~ Cac lang d6i ~6·i than tltul)c dan bit, o· nhlt hay <til xaiit gia. Neu cac:_ dan bil con a nhit- thl con Ia llii con ben n(li. -r:rhling Ileu' ~t)ilt gil\ lhl 'cui nhu· c?.n . chan ben 11hil chong, vi v~y mit tang giam dhn¢1. h<lc. 'Ho·n nfra, cac con chitu tlu cl•c gia thu "naY: -~iuli. m, se llr nhfrng ugtro·i con chin; hQ ngo~i. .

· : qtcb andjnh.tbb·i hljn de tang vii l!lng ph\)C da ciin r;u vito. ·l!ai _nguylln tile _: .. _ . -.. . . _ . , ·_ . - : .

0 • .-

"o

.. ' ~ .. . . . ~ .-.~ ..

.·.

. ~:·

. . -. . -· . ~ ...

T~l t~ng --~·~;l:;g dl;l &1~1 nii' diet nfr · nU'

. . . 1 T91 th3t: iTql thdl 1 fg mo.1 Tql rUt : u;.J I C'1' nit-:

Xudt slC : I Ccing • Xu!J.'I siC : 1 oU ph:;r. Xudl gfei i}! m:s t!q.J cfmg

I I . l

I TrtrOng ~Lr

I Trtrbng tlr

phg Cv nlerJ.

Coung lir I c(' ;~ien

ChUng tlr phi} : .r!'?l cling j

' ,·.. . .. l EhrC<ng c!i ~ t Talty~i:J c!l~t ~1%1. Tl;u cOn' Tg me

Co nl!n I &tlcng c!l~.l I Tai tgng &iet 'the phy ·dl~l phy £79.1 dmg . . Til m~. ell p~ye

I. &11a;9 .1!%1 &l~t ton· n.ii' . t.5n nfr I ·

T9 t 1hdt : T 9l thl:'f : 1/~u cOni

· erch r&n ( Ccf. nl~n I)

il'fch ton phy (&ql ccinR ,1). ChUng tOn

&Jet tOn Tiiu:c6ng

~trcng .dl~t 1· tdn . ·

. Ty md .. ··\

tv ma 1- Xutt,ilf:

X !lSI ;iJ..: IJJ :na t-0 ph:.:~ j

· &q.l c~ng ChUn·g tOn

phv : T;; ma

! 9HH tOng te)n r.fr I T~ng ton I

•. T :.."' 1 ;ll .. lll"; tg m~

1 x~.~.at gta: _ J · uO pln;c

1

(Tl~a c-3ng J)

TOng tOn phy

(Tv ma) I I

. I ( Huye'.n ~~~)~

&let tan the. 'ry·rr.a·

91~~ tOng tOn·

(Tv rna >)

&l~t tOng tOn the

(~6 pin;: :l)

•CHU Y • 'fPong hal h~n da na·! ~hii'ng chl'r· co d!lu (?l ·kh0!19 c6 trong · ngux~n blm vl b~ Pfi~h : Nh&ng chfr ~"t dU'9'e them V2:J .d.tta vAo s3eh L@ K"(, vii. n91 dung clta b:;n -~;~C. ·

&1JcJn9 di't tOn ph!/ c:O.I'!hq.c

1-T~ng,dl~t tOn .

, Tp'm11

f~ . ; ... : . ~:( ~ ~~:1~~

,. /'

. ~

_::·;· .. ~

. ': · ..

:·-. '" ...

' / .,.~- >· ~-/(;~~~i

. ;_ :,::_.<? .. · ._ ....

:·.' ... {":-.

. ; . ':-~}~/ .,. . :: ..

:.-.' .. -~-\

.: ,~ ",;. '"/";.:'.-,-:

i '.: :;t . .-~:.

·' ., .. .. \ ':'~.:~

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:~ . · .... ·; :· ··.. . .

.· .. ·:. ::;~

;.·~:;;; .. •. ~ ;" _;!:,'

-.·: .... . ! . ... -~

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'!., . • "l. ... 11.-- Bo:iln etlii l'ihl!i' kCJ~i ve tUi!!-J. !:1'11/e tro11g i•J9t Ho111g·&U<c . Siu day 1a :Jll~Sn. 3m vli b3n djch b3n d3 ·th<r h~i vC tang pht;tc troug .lu?.t. H:Sng~DU·c. ~·~·:

·. . ·-----. . . f Ceo t6

-BAN TONG cG·u TQC !<GO ?B:l}C CHI D3j I ~hy mau

Te ·tUJitam . . r.gu,yf;l

-~ T9c: t~ng I TO~g ·,_~ ~h~ . t~ cO matt

IT(li th!t : tg ma I . . · .

JI:Y:u3i gicl : .,. Itt lh'Jll ngii l c.S phy.r: nauull . i: . . . i

---

' ' J ~9;: ,a c6 I i~Jng t6 jT6_phy m1iu

I rA cc ITq( fi:t:'l: ly :till I TQi th~t: T'l thSl DA'E : Xu&i gi& ~ f lf~u cfmg lr:r~ms cv

I· j · 'lltl ph~,~~ l Xutit gih tg me . I .

T~!=.tting

tOm~~~

TJJ ma

. I Bet. ti1Uc: t8· Tee b6 thUc I ph!,! mau t6' phg ma~

Ti~:: dr.a -r :~ !I mC" I

II Tiic cC: . i Sllcmg co:!' Co ., Phy m1iu . -:ihu_e -~- etrcm~·bO -,! Tiic ba l!vjc I:

I . . TQI ti!Ot : • phr} mau lhU.c ph!/' phy- mau

XuQI· g/0 : . 'll~u ctng Xu~l gi& : . . nMn · Cv nUn I T'

•

:,

· ..

I T~itb&t: i,IJma .T(Itthai: I cv niCn II TrGm lhBi lam . . 1 • m0L1 I · · · II vO t~hvc·. I X•:'EI gi& fp ma 1 4.:;.1 c~ng

1 ' I Ti~u c~ng Y ma

1 ! r i ·•· 1 1 1 Ehrbng.j

Huynh d~ huynh a~ Co- nl~n B~i c~ng

Huynh d~ · &~rang the huynh a<} .

B~l .~Fmc tl;6 ~ TJJ ma

H."t th~n

T6llung huynli c!% · T9c huynh d~ Ti~u c5ns To ma · · Tal lung T~c· huynh.

huynh liil the · d~ lh.S · Ty' m~ . ·... : .,,8 phy~· ·

T9c t)' mu~l 1

T6! f~t~g·ty I &t.r&r.9 t~· TY mugi I rm;Q-l T~!l cUit ; muol ·Tilli.~dt :

TQI til~'t, ty ma T9i ;),tJ't ! i'<J.I !:Jn!:' re- o:l~n

I X::lit alfl H~L! -d_ns X';Jft !i:i: Xutt giC : c& rhuc Xu;t giJ: tv rna. ue:, C:mg l

a .. ~i cO:;t ! . i ·1 _____ ·_I ·j

. ·'· .' :'':·,:

.,

' ' . c~n traJ ltU"Crng IChclu trcl ggf' hau trol con Con tral con (I nOm) b5na chU bdc onh em, cbn onh em chd:u

=on do!lu tr11Crng C lC 1 ~m chU, con bcl:c chU .chOu bcS.c . ! ntim I <J n n IIQ' Ti~u dns-5 thg r y ma 3 thg '.

ChOu g6i con Ch6u ~61 ~onlChau g61 gal ,anh em, chOu onh em, con bOng chU' :chU, ch6u b6c 'chU· .con _b6c bclc ·

3 lh~ng c:Ong 3 th.-in2 nl~n I ntim & nhil : l!J mo (} nhii : ti~:t \ r} rrhJ ; ~a' Con troT thfr :hou ddu Q91 ·ChOu h9 con

I nQm bclng chU bcic: 'Ch&u_ -Jau hq \anh en1 c:hd:u Xutfl gi&: Xu~t ... siC: tv Xud! Riti :/ql • • con,anh em ~ • Con d6u thU' Bqi.r::ong con c:h6 con bdc chu·chdu bac kMmg tang/ ma :J thane cOng 9 (hang 9 th&ng 9 th.&ng Ty m11 3 ·fhf kMng (ang

ChC:u dich tOn Chou gal g91 CHau gdf g9l (Ca oiin ') bOng Ong chU bOng 5ng chU . Chau dau • • b6 h • b , cffc:h ten C?n·g .. c 9 ,png •. ac~ .Cftt;ll c:~n~·?) a nha : fJJ mil 0' nha : tica Chdu tr<~i thY.

I. . 3 th&ng . cOng 5 thC.ng 89i c:Ong

Xudt ;:lci : Xudt giti : lg 9 thcin!J khSng t.2ng I ma 3 lluing Chdu d6u thCr

Tv ma 3 t!lt!n.~

Ch6e~ tr<1l 991 btJng 6ng chu

· 6ne bQc Tl~u cSng 5 tMng

· Chdu dau g9J b!lng 6ng Cl\u

Ong b6c Tv ma 3 thJ.ng

. . .

Chdu tral 99l J .btJng 611g. chU,

6ng b<5c h9

Ty ma 3th6ng .. Ch4u d.Sug9T bbng 6ng chU 6ne· bcic h9 ~hOng tang

Chou gal goi I I Ch6t '"' ••' bOng cy ch'U Ch6t tral b~ng cy chV .

cy b6c (li~u c&ng (I cy J~h. Jl Ch&i ~roi s9f • 5 thing) 9 ma anr b(~ne cy 1:hU

0" nha : tg mill· Ch&t d6u 99 r cy b~c h9 · 3 ·lh&ng 'ChOt dau b~ng cY chU .· · Xu~t '8tJ : , (T,v ma 3 ~Y bGc_ . tg ma~ 3 th&ni k.h6ntr lana thtSng n (/ehong ltmg .3) ..

I · • I '

(Cnut ~l Tv ma 3 th&ng (Chut dou ~J ~hOng tang .

CHU y I 7'rong hal Mn do nay nhU.r.g chu- co d«u (?) khOng ~6 tPong ngu·t#h~ ban vl bl r3.ch : Nhfrng chfr ay dU'9'C tMm vao dt.<'a vao soleh U Kf, vit. n9l dung cua ban <Ill.

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·::~ •. :e-: .• • • I

r;:g .. ;"·;. ,...-1 •• I .. ·~·\ . '"·.:~ ,.,

1 .BAN eo KE f; H>!-NG TANG TRONG 9 HQ I (Ban dich)

CO h9 {ch6u On~! chU,

• 6ng Bdc) 0' nhil : ltJ ma

_ 3 !hDng. Xuat 1 FM: Jt~Cng tanr

Ch!, em h91 chat ChU , <=hcit Bdc · &n~U: lg ma 3 tlulng. Xudt glti khDng tang

CMJ ~~m h9 ·cn6u Chu chOu 1?-0c

6' nhil : ti2u cOm: ~: thJ'lg Xudi Ji& : 1Ji ma 3 tl!.lng

Cti cO h9 a ,.hG. ; tang 3 thtins ly ma

Xu&t sitl : kAOng lang

I -BC 'cO h.;_, sa cO

& nhQ: ly 'm<l' & nhtJ: ''tl~a .3 tf.Dng ciJn!l 5 tlztl,g

·Xu!t .eM : Xu!t gl&· : ty lrfiOng la;JI ma 3 thlmg

CO ho {con Ong. Ct.U l Co Ong B6c) . & nha : CO'

& nha : t;cQ nten l nlirn cCnR 5 tidng Xu5t gicl : i7QI XuOt gl~; tv II ~o,.~ 9 thD.ng ma 3 fllr:mg ·

I Chi em h'l I <;hi em ro9t I con ChU 0' nha: c.,..

, cOn 86c nUn I nDm 0' nha : &r;i Xudt ~ra· , cOnt 9 au:ng I Bql cOng XnGl 8it: ii~11 l . 9 thling eng 5 thJn;

'

Ky Ong, ky, bo nl}l Tang t"l thSi

3 thOng

Cr.J'Ong Cl] bC n9i

Tang t'; thtl 5 th&ng

6ng bO n(}i

Tang i'l thOi I dm k_Mng chGng 119!1

Cha, m~

c~ 6n9 bO h9

Tang lg'ma 3 tM_ng ·

6ng bo chu Ong bO Bdc

Tanc tl~u cOng 5 thcing

Ch6 ·soc.

9t;~l tang t;Dm l thfm

.thOi ba nom I. Cu nlln I nOm

chrnh tMn mlnh

,

6ng bCr chl! Ong bO. Bdc

lw . Tan: tg rna·

3 thOng

'ch6 ·sac; j thfm hg (con:

Cmg ChU, Ong B6c) .n~.I.J cOng •

, 5 t!:Jng

Anh ;em. n9 con ChU con 86c &9i c.Ong

9 thtlng Cki em dau

con ChU con B6c

' '

. ,· ... · ·I:~

. '

Chu B6c·;. th(m h9

(ch6u Ong ChU.' ,Ong

. B6ci !uma·3 th~ng

Anh em hQ, chdu ChU chOu BQc ·' Ti?u clmi '

· 5 thCmi.: Chi eni dau ch6o Chu chdu Bc!c'

·.· . . ~.~.~ ..

......

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;t,:!:

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. ::' ~ ,:·

·. :;~1.: ,.~ /f:~:

- .3~~ . . . .-· .· ., ... ~: P. -Anh em- h•;t ., .. ·cMt· Chu · :• chai :. Bole · ... :,,

•Tg.ma 3lh&ng·· :1: Chi em dq~: !' ch6t Chu · ' chat soc

A.- iilguyiln. t.ic. tbtr ;..follt : «ihan nhan» ngh'ia 11>. than dGi v&i ngrrlri thi'tn. Do n6 tang !rQng d(li, nhitt lit ta11g d1li v&i cbn m~ (d(li .tang 3 nani) : tang eM se·giam bo-tlan vi.ri bacon xa hon. Trong ll''lC hi) cling nlm- trong hang h~, khi m6i .. dcl'i xa tlulm, !hi tang gium bo·t mojt bi).c d1in 5 diri thi !<hong COD ,de tang ll]HUl

nfrn, Nlm:vl).y, tren nguy~n .tile, 5 b1}c tang ph\tC [U'(Yng duo·ng val 4 bQ.c thAn thu¢c o· tren hay & dmJ-i dM minh. .

8.- f\Jguy@n tac th{r ·hai : nguy<ln tile «th5ri nhiln» n6i iren · ciing gia giam. trong · 5 tnrir'ng hqp. theo cil.c lieu chulln san:

- · 1) Tily tti.eo ngtrlri cMt la m(>l ngtro·i· c6 chtrc hrac; dauh •VQDg! . . . .

.• 2) T~y tit eo each xrrng h6. ~oi v6'i nguo·(U:y .; .

. ·. 3) ·T~y·tlieo ·ug'!li'i ~1~ct lit m¢t ~guM diin bit ccm· o• ;,_hit huy . <Ia 'xuat gia ; . · . · . . · . .

•!) Tuy the<,"?b'lX'''j ~h~t ~ia hay tre ; ·

5) Tily the.,o slJ tuO"ng q~an gifi·a hai nguOi ..

:: c~~ n'guy~~ t~c ir~~·· dily dff. d~tQ'~ tom ta~ ~~~ng ~~~h ':L~-r{j · nhir·sau : · ccPhiji: thuij.fhfi·u t\JC :· nhut viet thiln; nhi .viet tOn ; ·tam vi~i danh ; tU: viet xnat i1Mp ; ngii viet tm&ng iiu ; htc irii'it t6ng ph\lC». (Chrro·ng ,l:l;,li Truy~n). · · ..

. ' Khac vai lu~t nhit Minli'.villill).t·nhit: Thanh. )31). Lull,! ~(lug

Bli'c Jth·ong cho in cite bol.n c:(ll tang chi! kln\c vii ciing )ih!lng c6 dieu kh6an nao giai •thich ve cite viln d~ n;l.y. . . . .. ..

. Tuy u'hi~n, tr~ng sacli Hlln.gflti·c 11ti~n chinh,' ~o•.tn.18 dei1 , 33, c6 glii chclp SlJ qui djnh ve lang eM lrong ni(>t siS. lr)l'i)'Dg. hgp d~c bi~tkh6ng dtrqc d})' lii)~t lr()ng biln. dll n6i'lren : ~hix ·. tang diSi v6'i Jte lndu, xuat' mliu (m<; tid gi:\),·n)lii mllu.(l_ll~ nuoi ·blijv.v .... ·.. ·.: · .. ·· . · :. :: . ... · .. . : . . :,·.:

.. Song. dijc iiii)t nhll;t i~ trong Thi8n Nini1 ri_i1.'H•.i T~~ do ·~~t' ..•. : . _Iiiii tlip'nhan de: IIN!,rti plnw thi, 16m tilt ca.c tMf.l:J~Il-5.lo!;!i .... · tang diU ngun giira c.t\c thil.n thu¢c. B,iti, ·t!Hr nay' da dtrqc ·c1,1 ·

Nghe'Nguy~·n S'i Giac plii~n djch thimh tho·h1C bat; . ·"·::·. " ... · ...... . . ' . ... . "·

154· . . .. . ' . . · ... ~ .:·. ··: ... :.· . : ~-·· .. ··•· .· , ..

(.~~:=·~·:t .• ~<>::.~.:-~- :. . . ·- .... , __ ..: . ...

II II

NgU-ph\'C-thl

Tang cha, lang m~, tang chllng, 13a nihu slli viti tO lOng x6t.sa. Anh, em, c6 ruc)t, Ong ba, Xa lit chli, bi1c ghn Ia tnrCrng· tOn.

Tangcbau ruQt, lang cac con, V &i tang dim lruo·n g den Iron m¢ t ni<!n. Tang chin 1lu\ng k~ ra lieu, · Gllj em, co rn¢t., xa mieo. Nghi .gia. Yq chim ru¢1, anh h9 ln, <:;img· tung ci•~ ~han thrty da «d~i «Cmg•. (1)

8icll tOn lhira Ir9ng ba dong, Bite !19, anh h<J, «tillu cOng>J lii.n gl ? (2)

·Tang<'.ha m~ VQ', c;).u dl, · Drr6'i tl11Yi ehitu, chilt,'l~ ,;ty 1~a» con. (':)' Vq clning-t()n, VQ' t1W-t0n, ·

Gii.ng trong ba Hu'mg cho tron llnh thu·o·ng. . · Con nut'Ji, u·,~ de iay ch.Ong, Chii!u lrong Kinh U, khOng tang rilnh ·r:lmh~

(Xet Kinh U, m~· lay chong khtic thl !ChOng ph4i d~ ta~g. Boi v6'i con nuoi, xet Kinh L8 Hinh-lu:).t va •acl). Gia L~ ciing .. tleti khOng c6 tang . ph\tC ; ·song rieu nuOi tir . ltic bti. mam thi · khOng theo. le t;tity):·

Pll'l.len-Cim bili N~!Jii-phyc.th! ·,

·; .. , . Tang ph\tc·tam ni~n pliu, mll.u, .phu, . .

Cq 11ien to, ty, huyuh; de, c6 ... Trrr&ng ion phttc, dfr tlnic ba phuc,

T~ih:ig phTJc u-u. d.Opg irr .di¢t ·u-u .. .... · ,.

(1) .D~i:c~ng: tang 9 th:\ng · (2) :ri~u·: c~ng :- tang 5 !hang

." .(31 .. Ty ma :.ia'ng ·a t.harig ·

' .

I.

: . ',

: ·' . ·... .. . . .: · .. r :· "J:. ,:

·::· • • • . I • • . : .. ·. .: '~ .. . ' ... .. .·. ... ·.·: ..

.. :. ·. ;~.· . : .. ;: ; .::'L. :{:::,;>;~~~~~ . " .. ~--.

. ... ~ .. --· :

: . ..

Cth• uguy¢t giit. co d~ng ty JUUc)i,

Du·irng Jmynh~ di~t ph\t, cln'Ing tOn can. Bich ton lhira trc;mg tam nien so Htril'ng b{t lt'ing huynh ngii nguy~t chn. Tam ng>IY~I cii·u· ~~ tM ph\t nti.lu.. . Tang lmyiln ton t~ di~c dong phit. ChUng ton chi ph\t,_ diet ton phl,l, Bong tlrj ty lila ngii ph\IC do. Than mi.itt gilt phu, tinh. du·ii·ng {ti-, Li\ Kinh lul).t phap, pli1,1c m\u vo. ·

(An Lii,kj~h gia-titiiu vo-pintc ; h~u -d~o·ng tir ·an hlnh. ht~t,. gia 11\ lin.h vO ph<tc pluip, nhrrqc drro·ng l~t cu:ang bilo (') hat t(li). .

7 JET THU HAl

sv· QUI &iN.H v~ TANG ·cHE rRoNG Lu~r GIA LONG . .

B<> lu*t Gin-Long da chep .l\li ngtty~n-vi.ln Sit qni-djrih"· CUll lu(it nha Thanh va nlu\ Minh·, kMng thny (fl\i m(it dil:m nao.

·'frong SJ! CJ;li-djnh nay, ngoai.hui hD.o-do-ma by 1~(\t HongHire dii. chap·nhl).u, con (i ban do tang-eM .Jdtac.: . :· . . . . : _'" 1,.....: Biin-d!J" tang-p!tl,IC Cll!l ngu·o·i VQ" ca uiSl v6'iba.con ben

. chong. ·

-:2-- ·nan-dll tapg phl,lc· cita vq- Iii (tltiep) cloi vai bit con ci':ta. nguo·~ gin trtrcYng ("); • ' · .

3:- Ban-dil" .tang pht)c ci\a rigtriYi con. g<li da.:Xuat. gilt, doi _v6i ha c,on Li·ong hQ cua. minh. ,

. . '• ; . ~. ·. ' ---~_,... \ ' . . . . . . . · . .-; . .. . .. ( r) "cu:ii'ng bao h'm iJli, Crrii"rig --.:· cai khan d~ 'quang tren IU:ng cong tre ; : ·

.. bdo · cai til i:ua· ire con: DirO:ng ttr czrii"n_gbao· :"ire ·nuBi til' ichi'clm

. : ..

· lli1Y_$inh. .. · , .

(s) IJili v&i ngli-lri vp- le, n¥zrlri. ch~ng .xU:ng Iii gia ir:u:G-ng. 1"6 '· . . ·.. , . . : .. :

.·. ·~ ·~

.,iL:L~:J:.;;~:::o::L.~----- ... : _,, .. ;:;<,. , .. _,. ·.. . . . .. . . ~' ·;·.:. :·<. · . :· ...•... :.:~ :. : __ ; :~~-- ._,~·:.:.:~~~~:-._:_;.~:_.:.·.:.~~~::~;L ..

II II

11.- Bato <tlJ Ia ug ph~w d6i v6"i bil. con ltQ 11go;;o.t.

5.- Dt'lll dll tung phuc cil.a ngtro-i chllug <16i ·' vai bil. <;ou nhil. VQ". .

H.- BUn d~ tang phuc c:USi vc';·• bn h~ng c!!rr, vf:.1fotn h;ing wr.. Ha h~ng cha gllm c6 : Ke ph\1 c6 eon ri~ug ; k1i pin~ khilng

• c6 con ricng ma urro·ug s'J' C.. vai ; ke ph\I mil. dtl'D'f~g s'' khiing o· vo·i. Tam h~ng m~ gllm c6: Tir m~u (vQ' le nuoi con VQ' !e) ; Ice mliu (vg·· k1i ci1a cha) ; i!lch miiu (v<r c:l, doi vaj c<;>n vg !e) ; · ·

· r!tr&ng miht (nw nuoi) ·; xuiit mliu (m<; da bj cha rfiy LO) ; gill mliu (111~ <lii. to'oi t!iit san khi. cha cltet) ; rihfi miTu (vet Je .eho coti v•r c:i hit) : tltU: mfiu (vcr li'.).

Ngoai ra, trong b(\ · lui).l Gia-Long cling cht\p ·l~i· nhieu djcu lthoun rill phtrc-1\lP trong p/tiln Dauh-LQ dl! gi:i.i lhlcP, cac lo(li tang-chi\' u6i lreu: · · ·

Vi SIJ' qui djnh nay J;lo,im.toiw mtry·n trong ln(lt Tr,ung Hoa khOng c6 llnh each dan t(lc, va ho·n nfrn ciing kho11g chrqr. dan . chung lheo, neu thict-tuo·ng khong diu phan llch trong chi' tiel.

· Il~ k~t lui~u, c6 tM n6i ri'ing quim ni~m d(li gin dlnh glJm ba c!>n ciru t(>c, bno qu•\t trong klumg khll citn doim thll gia t1inh Ul<)t si) rat !6·u than thuQ.c. Giii·a caC· lhl\n . ~hu<)c 1iy, each .

·unh thiln tlling hay si, tMn-so· chi ciin-ctr viw tnng-che. Qua ullm di)'i, .thl khong yhlti <til ".tang cho nhau nfi·a.. •:::·

Cac ba con tln\n th[\(lc song chung 'vM i:thau trong m{lt nhil <ten ph;l.i tong-pliuc quylln ngll:ai giit~tru:bng, · vi ta khOt;g' t1en quen rling t(l-clu\·c d:;li-gia-ctinh vii', quy~n-uy ci'm .. ngi•·ii'i gia-lrtrang Ia hai bi¢n-phllp chluh-y~u ciia ch<'-d<) crultn-chu phong-kicn d~ gifr vii'ng neu moug ciia xa-li'ic. .

. TIET TH(/ ,BA

.. TINH THAN QUI 9JNH TANG cii~: TR:ONG co i.uli.r'> .. · . . . . ·. . - . ~ . . .· .. • .. ·. ·. Theo sir k)• . ciia .. 'I:rung~Hoa .. · taug-che . dK xij~t~hi¢~ . o: : ·:·;

Tru!Jg-Ho;.. hrlltu .trir&c khi sa~!~ L~c)<f dtr~c so:;tn ra. iJ:,~i;tang. ·,. .. ,

.:.".':··: .:· .. :-~;;_:._:·:: .... : ~- . . . . . r:· . • .·.;,\._:~.::_\: ....• !.~.:~.·.·;:.~.;~_~;_~.·.~, .. ! •. ,·:: . • . . ,.- • .. ' • .. • · •. ••· ... '' •• ·••· •• :-.: ..• ·•· .. ,: • '•. -~ !;;.._~ :~~<--:. :~}-t'.' .;-.J_ ~ .~:~-~ ,_. -~ •. :· .. ' .

1 !

ba na~ d~ ch& cha in~ 1!ii: c6 tlr· dcri · vua Nghieu (2357-2261 . tnr&i:.ky-nguyen) va ito S() gni <lii ·du·9·e dting lam tnng-ph1.1c ..

.. dcr6·i d<ri nhit H~ (2'l0~-178G tru:i\'e k)•-ngny8n). Nlmng mlii il~n ilu-i nlui Chn, Til. lr.r6·n·g ld C!ll! C6ng, em uua V1i sang ltJ.p ra · nl11i C]w, 1it&i ihil<l ctinh minh-b(lch 11om !icmg lang ph!Jc mel .•au nay <t<rqcghi. chep II·ong lcinh i!.l?.n. c1ia Kh/Jng-1'ir. · · ·

Llin lcrqt trong tift nay, ch·,1ng ta se de cf)p del! ha van de : .1. Nguy~il nhiln qui dinh tang eM ml;lt cfmh ·dong· n)i~t. · 2,- Nguy~n nhan 1ln djnh thlri h(lit <ill tang. · . 3. Ct\c eM tili Lrong lu1)l Hong-BLI'c <11\i vi,.i van <1~. tung eM.·

1.- Nguye~ nh~n ~ui d!nii'D t~>~nrJ chi m;?t · cclcil .. d~ng : ,.nhfit. . . . . . . .

. : TQ.i sa~ Jil~nghi l~f.nh1lt~thillt b~t-h.u•)c IDQi. ngn·b'i :pf¥~1; tang gi5ng nhim, lir .citeh b~n· y-plwc, <li'in thlr\ h(ln ·~1-i tang trong lchi tnng:ch~, dtlng-ly,. chl Ia sty biilu-1(> long Llmo·ng x6t eiin cll·nhiln cli'li v&i m\>t ·ngll'lri thUn <Iff m1lt, V>t 111\-nhi~u. phiH phu hqp !ltJtC s~ viri l.ong -thu·ang x6t ay, kh<)ng .I lie bi _·go 'M

. ·dcr&i m(>t llinh-thire nita nhat ujnh 1 . ·-' . . . . . : ...... . . Sti qni-djnh ve tnng-~~hll cua Trnrig-Hoa Mr:: ngnlln ·& hni' . l··'d ·u I ' . ·. J. o ct-su··. . . ·· . . . . , . · . . ·.· ·- ·

. · Ly~do thtr .nhi'lt lit sit cimg-ci'l nen-tnng gia-uinh- d1! giir. . . ·vfrng xu-tile. Can phid dung nh,irng 1~-nghi nghi~m-elunh 'ali 'cilc con eMu phai !On-ki.nh cha m~ khl\ng ·.nhii.'rig 'li·ong·.· hie,

.'sinh. thll'j,-n1~ cil: sau khi cha n\~· ·<la khunt. SJt tun-kin!I . na.j'. ·: · · bfi.t nguo11 & d<~o hiilu, d~. tra ·o·n r.ha m~ ila c6. c,)ng sinli-th'itnh. ·, · . Do 'do: •.. thcl'i lwng ~1;. tn'ng ba nl'itil, theo Khilng-TiX, ch\.11\. tl!01~ ·

· hQ.n ba. ni'iti1. mit chn m~ ph:ii bll i\m, chiim nu6i cou. luc. mlri ··sO' sinh('). . · · · ., · . :'. . · ·.' . . . ~ .

. (i:) .KMng-T!r viet.: aT& sinh t~m nii!n, nhi<n h~" :;,ull.IZ' ph~ mBu . · ·chi ho&i.)'hu tamniBn chi tang thiCn h~ chii!rjnangdiiu (chzi-D-ng T,am nian .'van, Li kj ). Khang-T!l: ilQy :· oTre sinh r~, chi sqll ba.~arn· cha·m~. · · w.M. khOi phdi bff ibn. (Do. d6) tang ba izlim de klli cha m~ milt illl'!J'C tift 'cd thi<n h~ clziip nMn.. · . · · ....

it: .:r.. ia , .:;- 1.. ;;. Sf-, !!!\ {fl.. >t ~~ :K . .;IJ:. ~ ·111- A-E. . .if, .£ ·~· · . . , . :: ~.· :-r. ?-;.i-tt""'· . . ~ ' ' /· ' . . ..

.· . ··'·· .158• . •· ..

·. ... ~;: ,_~: :.~.:."·:~ ......... ,, . . . . .•.

. . :,· . .,:_ ' :.:~ .·\:·.'_:.".::·'"·:· ..

=

".

IIIU

SJ! ton .. unh v•i. di'! lang chum<; urra den h<J··quii phui t6n ldnh c{zc tll h~o. Quau"ni¢m ily ilem l{li s~r doll.n~ket cbi,it-che lrong gia-r'llnh, tl·ong 1(\c-liQ v!J. rOng xa ho·n ni}a trong toitn tb~ xfi-tUc. :X6i t61n l(J.i, nln'c l(lp-plzap tron.g r.iJ lu<ll ci::::r :,.,,';.;I clic. Jrii!t-r;ia cJ;r liZH-.tj t1fm C(~-nluin uti g.in-tllnh etC gill· virng .<mi-ha xii-tac. Do a6, vif.c r.Im-Con!T llliiil-ajnl> nam i>Clll{{ tcQig-. plz(tc cling khong llffOdz' lll(li:-dldt r.zin![-cl5 ngrri-ming rlw mci Chu.

· Ly-do thir hai .ciing lit 111(\t lj'-do ~jch-sii-. ulnrng nhu6m tllem site-thai cila mOt x?i-lu)i LhM loQn. Dtroi <111'i Chu, di'ln th(\i--J{jr Xu~n thu, tlnh-hinh 6· Truug-Hoa v,J eiln~ riii lo:~n,"vit · itl-ughln clJn14 b~ cl.u\ c1{lp tit'u-·!nn, lOng ugu·b·i tdr nC·n t1eu b~'c ,Ji,. LllAn-thn{l<.; cl1ilt ciing l<hilng bit!t lhu·O'n{l sOt, ct1ug cUi tang. Do d6 sach Lil-kj•, h·ung chtwng «Tam ni8n vlfn» (Bin~ ve lang. ha niim) da phl!'-binh tlnh ti·,~ng bl)i-lni\n 'liy nlur onu : icPho\m sinh i·a trong kh9iing tril'i iliit, nllii·ng lolii c6 buy"L khl <l~u c6 nang-k!Jieu hi~u hili!, Dll ~o niing-khieu bil:u biCt; ueu biet yen dong loqi. Ph~m lo•.ti cli1:ti thti to lO·u, · n<'u con· citi 1·ehi'mg· may chill, m(lt thizng l1ny m<)t mim snu, con <IIJ'c con lrcf.l(li thiim vieng, 1ai viing nO'i d•i. chnl)g s6ng vb·i b(ln, vit chi rb'i di sau khi di\ ltrqn di ln·g·n h.ti ken gilo, v~t vii, khc)ng hiet lam·~. each gl khac ni:ra. Dit chlla con cftim uho nhtr chim ·yen, chlm se, no cling lceu ilmO"ng mc)t luc rlli mlti chin bay .di. Trong nllirllg locii u(ll sinlz rrz co lwyellr!zi, ~;ltCmg c6 lo(li m!o CO llUll{/ ·frlziiJCI Jzi'/111 bif./ bfmg 11{/l!irf .. lJO an,. {otii ngLrtri plllii thrrO'ng lice nlzirng ngtriri tJrrm eli(] mtnll. etc! lclwlit, c/zo c'liln lclzi cMt JchOnu nyu<J.i. Lam sao Itt co .lhi!l but chrroc cltrgc nhfrng ngrrb'i quen thoi ta-rlam,- m&i llltt>i cbiou ttil'quin, nhfrng ngrrOi tMn .tnlri cnel hubi "Sang 'I B~t clnrirc·nhi1·ng icel(y kb6ng bling !O>;~i cl!m the!. Lam aao hQ c6 tl!~ s6ng chung ma . kh6ng sinll ra lol).n dt:rQ'C ?» '

II.'- Nguyen nhun ~n dfrah th.Yi h9n ·d~· tang.

M¢t di~1 thnc nzdc thrr hai Ia l(li . sao thbi-hl)ll d~ . tang : dtfO'C lln djnh !a· ll !hang, 5 tJu\og, ~~ thizn.g, 1 ~nlim Vit 3 i:J!(m ? : ." ....

. . Tren ki~ chung ta dli ;6 thbi hq.n dl)i-tang . trnm~th~i · ha: , · .. · '. · · nlim :Co.nghia lA ghi copg an cha In.'! lin nam btl lm Jiic)~oo,::,:. ;~.;

' I ' ' ·~ ' ' • ' ' ' ,, ..... ; ~:J;{~ .. ~~};~.;,:~~~ ··=·· : ___ ........... ~·::~-~·.:·.-~~;;_::..:.:. -.;' :- <

"

I

1 '

sinh('). Nhtrng t!6i vlri thiri-h(ln khac, tieu-~hilhn nilci dii du·qc ap-d(mg ? . . . . . . . ·. . . .

·r.ht\ng ta. da ro thea nhil.n-lrj chu-nghl'a, ({}} ca c~c himhvi ciw cit· n)tiln d~u dt.ra theo nguyl!n I~ v;tn v~t dieu han m&i khong gi\y ra Slf roi IO(In h·ong xii hi)i. Giii'n ngtroi v!t. V(ln.vl).t co :l.nh hll'li-ng trr.ong h<l m~i thiet. S!f qui djnh thiri h:;m.tang

· eM ciing kb6ug thoaf kboi nguyen ly nay. ·

. B~ gli\i thlch thl>:i hQ.ri <1~ tang rn9t nam (lt'rc Ill tang !e ii~C>i d~ ]chi m<; ·. mat mh con chn), s:\ch Lil-k)• trong clnrang_ «Tnm Vit~n vf;il:;. diT =-1/iCL : (Swt' m{Jl nlim), lriri titi ih:ay ci£11', bOn. mita Clll_l!J ilr1 bilin cizu!liln, phlt!iJ sinh lrong kholi.n!J tr,\-i .. il.ilt klH1ng ll(ll!r~lo kh6nrra<ii m&i. Do rio, a~ ian!J m~t nlim lrl· bc"it cltm'rc l!i§n unmg cz~a V(lll. ll(ll>i. (') Nhu·ng. h:;tc tnng-. dtr61 .ba. !Mmg lzrimg titrcmg lJ'o·i ni~ll mila, li tbt'mg ltrmzg ilrrcmg vM'Jwi nula. 9 ihang ltrmzg atriYng uo·i ba iluia rl<Wt an tljnlz IL'tg lheo b(iG tlzdn so· ciia-ngrrM tla lclwat m<'11. . .

Tuy tang pl;\te va thOi ht;tn. d~ tn!'g 'ilK (!tr<)'C ·.in' <ljnh nhtr . v~y. sOtig khong phni su_!St lrong thll'i Icy ni\y, c'lH:' ngtl'lri chju · ·inng:phni m\[c quan ~o fang plwc: C:\c ·lang ph\JC._.clli phni mijc

vao,ngity nh{lp qnan (tt'rc lit ngitY.li¢m ngtri.l'i 'cMt vilo quan tlti), ngity cMn cat, ngl\y th{r 49 san khf chi'it (Chat. that lai .·luun, .ngh'il)_ h\ 7- tnun sim), ngay thtr 1(10, v:\ Illn ·cutii. cimg khi h\m lll hilt lang. Trong 1~ nay,. ao lang uu·qc· .dm;,.c m(lc _phil m .ngoai cac qu1ln ao thrrimg~ · ·

. · · T1~y uhl~11; trong thO·i icy cu: tang, ngo~i cac ·;nng i~· kll h~~~ · · dm Id10ng d!i·q·c .an m~c vlt trnng ~trc · xa xi, bung y6c 1\ta· •. (Juan' ito bao giir cung phai clwn mau ·den, hny mall:' xain, .

(I) Trong sach Hling-DU:c TIJifn-chlnh-thrr, docpi I-29, cling chifp nh~n qtran . · tli~m nily, ·_. · · : ·. · · · . . · · · . :· . "' · . ·

(a) >'t JJ!.. n•J e_ .g, ·*, '!l1 »-. fi•J e. 1:· .#,_ J\- .f;_ :>~ il!,_.,<:_ •f.;\\", J).. . + i_ -kfJ J.~ ,·.'.< ,\\:_ *-. -'t. .k, , (ThUn .ilia t&c t/i liQch di, t•r tldri

. . ...

-th/ri tile ·dl biiin hi. Ky tQi thien ilia chi trWlil gia, mgc Mt- canh thUY. ·. yen, di thi trr[l'ne chi dii.) · . . · - ..... . . .. . . ...

. 1Q0 . :,.

khong dtrqc loe lo~t, <11! to long llur•mg x6t ngrr<ri· than <lii'chet.

,iii -- !~:iii§ ~oi v~ ~tallt~ ch~.

· Quan ni~m v'li iang ph\W c\w sitch Lil.-Ky, da dU'Q'C nhA lam Itt</.! thiri H{lng-Bt'rc ch1ip nMn trong dillu 130 b<) .Qnllc-trit!n Hinh-lu~t : «Nghe thily tang ong hit cha m~ vii chl'lng mil· gi[n khong kh6c thi phiii t¢i <ll'l li•m ldtao dinh, dim ha phai t<)i do h\m tang that ph11 (hid dfan trong nha nuOi Lilm). Trong lrhi c6 l{lng mi1 ]}tJ dU tnng mijr. d{) thrri:rng1 ,;IIi chcd ilith hi't lhl phUi h:;t hai h:)c. N~n g~p hnlJi dltn h:\l m:\ nghc hay li< d'! nhfrng li~c· v.ui nn'rng ileu ph:i.i ph!Jt 80 lrmyng,, ·

Trong snch Hl:lng-Dti·c Thi~n-chinh, .;lo(ln 128 cling ghi chep ilieu t:JO H.B. ~lu6·i m¢! hinh thfrc day <lit lwn. Snn khoan <tliu vil vi¢c gifiu tang ong bil cha m{' hay tang chj)ng, do~n-128 B.D. T.c,T. c<)n cMp tluim : «Neu duo-ng c6 u(li tang mit hi\ ao tang mi)c ,>\o. d~p. quen ~I!' tluwng x6t mil nghe ilm nhq.c, cung Ia dg t.i~c vtii; dim Ong pluii hi t(li 80 trU'Q'ng, th!ch V!\O ln\n bOn chii·, ullllnn linh city ru(lng (eht'mg diCu biuh), ·<l~o m(>i giily xlch, hilt di him vi~c nl)ng .o· Chan xa. Neu Ia tang in¢t nam (rua pltq.m lc'\i k~ tren), thi dim ong hi tOi 80 truqng, th!Qh vito

. trim hai chii·, d(l lam. l!nh clmlJug voi (tu·c;rng plmang hinh), · dim btl. pl11ii Jih•.tt 50 roi, thich vao.trftn hai chi:r, uo lam·ngtrai

&:'Dan ·co·m (Kuy th[t t.\'). Ncn !a tang dQ.i c<)ng (\l th:\ng) thl . dim ong bi llO · truqng,- do lam khao dinh, dltn hli bj 50 roi, · dll lam dan 'ba Mi ·dan (lang thfft pint). N~u Ia lang til:n-cong

(5 than g) dim Ong bj SO ll·n·<_l·ng, lit qunn chirc lhi hi· dlllini1 l!nh & nha mt)n cac Vi~n hay cac.Cttc trong tinh (1), nl'!u lit dtln .thl do lltm linh troog :rii ·ml'nh (2), dim hit thl bj danh nO roi, nifn

·lit dan lhi hj dl:l & bUn x1i·, """ lit IU(lrig·pTt\t thi bj d(l_lltm dan bl( llun vwo·ri (vien phtt). Neu h\ tang phuc ly ina (ba thang), dim ilng thi bj 1(\i 80 tr<rQ·ng, dan bit thi bj dftnh 50 roi.

Theo sach H~ng-Bfrc . Thi~n· chlnh; ui~u I~ n6i tr~n drrgc

(I) Til-e Ia b~ng «lhul)o tliuh•'· · (2) Trong nguyen bun ch<ip l~ <do-blin-:<ll-ainh> tlrc.ll: xa diuh ..

161

bStl·h:inh du·i>fni•!n hi¢u 'I'hieu Binh (l<h6ng ro h!tn n~m) nghia Ja dtrb-i dlri C.: Thai T<)ng (143'1-1'142). Nlnr v~y pbai chang bl} hu)f HCint{ Blh~; lro9g di~n 1:!0 n6i trim, dfi gi:.'ini b&t v~'a giiin d~ Mn c;ic. hlnh ph:.tt ci\a <l<'ri vua Le Th!ti Til,;g? (')

So s~mh nguyen vii.n t:hO: Hbn ciiil di~u 139 H.B. v&i n1(H d~(ht lt·oug philu llanh. L<) cua h<i ln~t 'nhi\ Bmrug nhan cfe !a : «An ph~1 mll1.1 phll fang» (giifu tang elm m~ hay chllog), !a nh(\n !hay bai hiin van ghn gi6ng nbl:l h~.t ultn.ll, _each hiwh-vl\n !f.n

. <buh tir, chi khac nlwu o· hai .di~m :

it) flictt 130 Hfl, chi minh th! eM tlii dtii v•\·i tang ong M· cha JflC, 'llt ~:1nt; chhng. TrlLi !:.1i trong .Ill;ng Hl(['C Thi~n Chinh l:hu· dii ehi." !iii d c:k tr<rimg lwp khilng tun trQug c:'ic tang khA.c: 1 n5m, 9 tlu\11g, !) thUng hny :~ thbng.

Nlm vl,\y, c6 th~ ket Juey.u rllng dicn ·no HE> dii <ltrqc so;m t'fl bi\ng c:ich chltm chtr6·c, dil'.u-kholm n6i tr8n ciin In (It nhi< Hu·/rng mlt clning ldi trich-d!ch san dfty <1~ ti~n vi~c so s{mh : ,,Nghc thiiy t:1ng rlm Ill\'· huy lang chl\ng;' ma gillti khOng kh6 c thi pbai 1(\i hru di ;won rl~m, Tang eM chcrn Mt, mit hi\ <lll tang m~e ill> tlmlmg, q·urm tang. mit vni <lltn Mt, 'thl pluii 1<;\i ·dll b~ nlim : vui. clw·i chuy~11 ·viJt. (l(lp hi) thi ph:li t<)i dll m(lt nam. Niltl' gijp (lim-hilt mit nghc hay llt dl): ti¢c vui nu'rng, <l~u ph.l.i ph(lt JQI) [J'II'Q'IJil (2)».

Ngoai cite <lieu khoan ghi trcn, h·ong h{' hil).r ·Hilng Bt'rc ·'cling nhtr t.rong Hllng-Birc Thi~n-chinh-tlm cc)n ehep. nhi~u di~u. khonn kMc lien qnnn uen Sl!' lang eM, nhlli Iii. il(l.Hnng : .

(l) Troog Hll1ieH~(h~ Thi·~,\-chinh·liHr.:tl.)~n 3l cUni. ctiep cac hl11 h-pb~l l.t't>ug tJ•uei'Cl:£ U9'P kl16og tOn trQng ll~i 'lang cha m~. rna chai bOi, rtrQ'U trh. trai g:HJ hQi hqp c6 fun nh~c. di td~u, dftnb bhiri agu<ri ta, gilru I1H1g J:3n1 gi!t-lht\ ·nu~m.'· ho9.c ''I! hay n!mg hlin c6 that. Hlnh ph;,tt Ill 8U !rttgng hay lltiy (luu) ai ch!ui xa, C6 _1e trong st.t chep_ ; , c:ic _hlnll pb~t nhy Co ·st:r tam. sao ~hilt h3n; vt·t~eo dieu _130. H.~ ~~ · .. ito~n 128.H.a.r.c. ~hciog· n"6i dg-n h}i lLrn lli ·vien c~H1u. ~-hung _dau .. · sao, ao~n :H.na.j cilng tO rO r!ing c.ilc con .·lllro·ng .c6.lt~J lang ~_ha. :· .. m~ phlii _b~L .">lrc. th~n lrQog "ktiling dtrQ'C hil:n h) SlJ. ,;ul _ml'rnJ -!Iay s~ .. ~it\,n tlfr. JUc n2.o cUng phnt 10 lOng lhU'O'ng x61 elm m~t k,h~at kbO~s. ·

. thiii't Iii den ·~i~c l<h:lo. · . · · ·:.: .; .. ,_

:D:::~~·"::~;~~'·"~·:::~; .•... d S;_c,i:,i££,•t~--~~

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:......_Ngll'll'i c6 dl).i tang khOng <11;1"Q"C "ciit ell- d~ xung vito lam vien ~h1ip-st¥, hay bl3i-l\lllg khi c6 Iii cat hu·i\·ng (nlur IIi tct, "liS mirng v.v.:.). Tr:i.i h•:;tt t11l plui.i ph(lt-10 quan ncu err ngLriri c6 dl! tang lam cldlp-sl):, vit phili ph(lt 5 quan ncu cir ngll'iri c6 d~i tang ·liun blli tung. Ngu:c>"i c6 tang mil khiing n6i cho bii'lt thl ciing phii.I t(>i nlm tn!n (dien 10!! H(Jng Birc).

- BtrO'ng c9 lang cha Ul? l1:1.y tang ch~ng n1:l jq.i ga cl1Cing hay cll'6-i vg cho con thi phiii tc,\i d(J ; ng1rb"i hict mil ·v&u !hOng gin !hi phi\i l¢i h::t "ba !r~t, Vil u6i VQ" cb(lng l.n!ri ClrCti ph,)J Jy di (dilln 317 H(Jng Bu·c).

-- Cha In~ ch~t mt\ n6i -deii Ht c6 tang ngu·Cd. lch:'tc, k!'.Ong dll d(li tang, thi phiii L()i do lam khao-<tillh. Neu n6i t!oi h\ (mg

"b:\, ~ha inc; hay chCing chCL d~ xin tif!il, vay tien, hay c6 jr d~ trilnh vi¢c gl, t)1l phai !u~ ha tr;).t. NiSi dOi Ia bile, eM !him cO anh. em, chj em ch1it thi phal h:). m(\t trl).~ (dien M:i H.B).

Tuy Ohil'~n,. c{tc tJu·O'ag s~ cling khOng th6 nl18..n-djp tanrt 1~ 1m\.I,1m tl\mg cite "nghi l<l khllng thu(J~ giai c1ip cua mlnb. Thea dicu 142 ~i> ht~t Hllng~Difc, cmcu troug nhi"rng 1~ tang tang (d1! tung, cMn cat) mlt_liun qua phep thl phiii l(>i gi<\nghQ. bl).c (t{li bi8mJ, Vll huy bO nhfrng d(l qua. phep ay».

· Ofmlang ciing khOng thl!, .nhtln tang Hi, mil sach nhi@u -. dtro-ng sir him cO him dl! «Ira nq' mi~ng», nh1r hu; I(.'. thrrci·n·g ..

n6i· 16·i. T.heo uieu 141 Hl3ng-Bii:c, «Phitm troug lang c6 nhll · c6 vi~c tang, x6m' gieug cHin giup do· to long llnro-ng_.tiec. Tang

. chi't ftiy !heo SltC n.ha thi!t d~i .: nell thea !h6i. bi fuc eli, sach · ·nhiiiu.ta!Jg chu p!u\i c6 co·m· mqu, thjt ·ca,· cO to, thi ph:li ph:).t . 80 tru:gng». ·

Ha-n nih, s~ a~· tabg cung kh6ng UlrQ"C XllC ph(ll~ dl!n nh!l"

(;) Neu so sank ban ch;r nlw·c(lo l11~t nha f>~ilng cMp s~u i!qy, viri ilieu IJO HE!, (Xem ngu;•en vein trimg bv Qui!c triau hlnh lu~t), ta sii nhrn

· thify uhii:ng sir t~ung t~· trong dank tir: vel each himh-van· dii ghi (r trcn. i/1 ~H ~ .it % A. ~ R ' 1!1 :{-: ff_ .f{ :4t ; ;;tL .=:. i- Jl1. ' .c~ 1i1

-~ ,J>.. ~'!-- , 4f »It Iii.. -$: % .t >'< 1~ .;N- ( ~ i'f it ,( f) {t J£ -'1'- , . · -"Jl. il.\ {t ""'C" .lr · , ¥r i!ll. .;!~ '"' Jill , :P.... !§.. ·irt -t ~ { ; K --' 11 ~ .

.. ..~ 16S ;•.' ·-~· · .. . :.· . ': . .. . '· .· .. :" ."!

·. 't'n~t. Vi v>:ly, diiJu, 80 Htlng l-Jt't'c C!llu kh6ug duvc cir tan_g 6· ll·oug kinh th;inh !rung h(tn m\)t thlmg trn·t'rc hay sau ngay · hoitng <le )i\n ·ng<)i : .· trlti lu:)t p~titi ptH).t 50 roi, h~ m(lt tr:)l. ·

Ng<iai rn, dieu l45 I-l{lnf.! EJ(tc c.'irn .tnm n•"- oli qua hi5n ci\-a holmg thanlt ; lrlti Ju~l, pMi plwt 50 roi, h~ ru~t lr<it.

S~r qui dinh n6i h·<~n dm lu;\t Hllng Hti·e v~ tnng ch" dft· ltil!u 1(1 hiln sac th:li il~c. oiet cim ell plulp VW N:un ve vau. ·1J~ uay :

1.--·Ciing nhit' ll'mJg d) lu~t cl,~, Tt·ung H,.,,, d) lu~! Vit)l Nntn dii citii d!nh nhli·nri vfiil dO 1i~n h¢ den e~i nhUn tt·ong J:hnt.n kh11 Cil(l. <1Qi ·gin dlnh vlt cira quoc gin. D~n en v1fn:·<11.• ltlilg eM 1:\ v~n iiB bi~u l{l·tJj,b thu'O'ng x6t iloi vlti tMu nhiln il:l cht\t, nha liuu ln\\l cilng qni c)inh ch~l chi\· il!i gilt· virng til clnh': ct'u\ cl~i gin <linh vtl uhtr (}b, ~iij vli'ng lltr~rc nCJn tUng ella xiitac phong !den. · .

2.- Tny nhMn, nha litm lrit)l Vi~t. Nnm · ciinl.{ c11i dg li~u · . nhii·ng siF eM !lti ct~ tn\nh nhi:rng 31):' I~ 1:)1\1 tlurlmg x?ty ra irong r.<ic thiltl xii, vll vj~c lin uilng liuh diuh nhan vi~r. mn chny, rna ngnlri ta coi nhJr lit eli! triiiiQ' mi~ng. Nhii'ng t~ l1,1m nay thrrlrng ilem i.len tluh lr:,uig ·llC)' nlln. cho r.on du\u.

3.- Sg 'qn1 djnh vl! tilng eM vo·i. c:\.c !:ing ph11C vh thll:i hl).n d!\l.ang dU'Q'C an djnb !)• my lrong )a(t! da· to rl\.ng giira )uil.n 1)' va phap lm).t khOng c6 m¢1 ranh gi&i ro r~t. Hay lit m(H thl du di~n hinh c,"~" nhl\n·trj clni nghln. · ·. · :

· 4.- Snn Mt, sl):' qui d!nh lang eM cfing·Ja mc;lt thl d11 di~n· h\nh chtl·ng minlirll.ng trong oh:l.n tr! chu !'gh'in, ·«I~• cltrgc . qnnn ni~m uhrr m<)t th!l: hlnh thtrl'. cliii ·nghia (nu forinali•l1le) . d~ t(io rn m(>t blln kho-ng khl ll):' u6 .c6 hi¢u ltFo gh\o h6a con ngu:iYi. · ·. . · ·.

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" . . !.·- c~,u HOI :

r.-- Ngay xu-a, s~· p/u1n ~iii lhiin dclng trong t'iC I? .Z~>yc "'t'·c '"f" · b/ing nhii"ng each nan ?

2.- Ndm lzqllg tang phtf.C ifrt'Q'r. qui dtnn. nhtr ,:h!S r1l(l1 t.rrm:J lr!t!£

HOn!f-lJ"tc ?

3·:._ S!! .'['..J.i tlinh c&C r.oJ,g chJ ~dn r.1l' vao h;2i ng!t.~rt i&c· ndu ?

'{·- Nguyen niuln nlzo ila th!rc dfuh S(t' qlli lfinh tang eM mqt each diJng nhiit ?

5~-·- S{t' fl.a /link th?ri hq.n. d~. tang tlli cd.rz Cit' vlio tiiJa chwln ndo ?

o~·- Nh?£ lam lutlt dii. dt~ li~u ':~c ch~ tM vi; tang chtf 1lhrr £b.e nO.o ?

TtJn.t; ch'€ dd dll'p'C qui d[llk n.lw: tlrP. n.io t•£f dd ttt,.~:·~ r.·!lii. l?!.m lw}.t c/z1i tf{IU;! ·uhu: tflC 11.~0 f'

cHO ? : iJ~ tili nay giim co ba ph/in : Nh<]p !lc (cdu hoi l), S!r q!li dinh tat<g chi! (cau hoi a .Un 5), Cac ~t<•cM t<ii trdilg lut}t vii tang chC (dill Mi 6) •.

. ·

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.. ':- _:;· ·. ···~ ...

1

··-. __ B_.il._I-TH--U-M_U_iY_I_H_A_I_:_~~ VV GIO"-A-Cii._C_

THAN THUQC. . I __

CllU'o"NG THU Rl . .

HI~U LV'C THAN-T(llC

GUY CH~ PHAP LY cuA cA.c THAN rliuoc . VA QUYEN NGU'Cl'l GIA TRU'ONG .

B:,ti gia dinli sinh hol).t trong nJ{>t linh thlin k:i' Ju(\t chij.t d1e, 16n Li lr~t ll;r, d~ nen tang gin dinh dtrQ'C vii·ng 1ln, do d6 uy quycn CUll ngn·/ri. gia trtrlrng rat I<rn.

. Tuy nhien, kliorig ph:ii van ·de ciuy~n h\ln cua. ~gu·iri gin · .tnrc>'ng e!Oi v&i cac thilu tlni{lc cimg chung s1lng trong d(li gia dinh chi drrc;rc dijt ra trim blnh di~ri d;to Iy thulin h1y. Trai

. J~i. nha lu(lt dii minlr lhi· giai quyet van dll nay ve phmi'ng di~n phap ly, trui v<'ti nguyen til.c thOng thrrimg.Jit nha lam

. Ju(lt Bong plmo·ng vlln !chong hay xen nh~p vito Hinh VIJC cua llr Iihlin. : ·

. Sa di nhit litmlu{lt trong ell plui.J! da ~n d{nh quyen hlmh· cim ugrrlri gia trrrlr!'g ciing nhll' quy chC phap Iy .elm cac tlian · thu(lc, Ia vi van de nay d1rQ'c coi nbll' c6 lien quan mM thiilt · Mn l.r:.\t I!J' clmbg ciia ·xa h{>i, .vi nlm cMng ta dft ro, dQ.i gia dinh uu·c;rc col Ia nenmong elm qnoc gia, ngay Hr lhlri ky qnan chi! phong l<icn. .

·N'ghien ·c(ni quy chli ,;h:lp:.Iy cua cac thitri thu(>c ·vil .. quyen ... . cua ngll'lri gia trm)·ng 'trong d~i gia dln'h, hi:c la' nghicn·.crru . . '· hi~u lgc· cim tha~ thu{>c v~ hai plmo"Dg di~n l;J.hih sit. v/J. dan sJ!. ·.. · ; . trong cll~lul).t. .. · · ·. ~ . · · ... · ' ' ..

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-

'l1ET TH.Yl NH.iT

!-liEU LU'C CUA THAN TQC VE PHU'ONG DI~N HiNH-51! • D • • •

KhOng di sil.u ~ao cac chi tiet cua hlnh-lu(d: troug co philp ('') (';hUng fa. ding d~n · :bi2t rfu.::g y{; phln~"ug ili$u hiuh _al.l nhil lam !ui).t da ·eM tr9ng. d,;n hi¢u 11):~ ~.(m tbl\n l(lc "Vll ba phu(mg di¢n : .. · -

a) Tn\ch nhi~m t~p ·the ciia th!\n t(l.c tro"g m<)t so tm6'ng hgp di_\c bi$t.

b) TMn t¢c Ia m¢t yen Hl d~ co the ~;I.e glfim hinh ph(tl ..

c) Xep lo,P. cac thAn thu~c vll phwo·ng di~n IJ.\nlt · srr-

BO~N THU NHkT

TRACH Nl:li~M T~P THE CUA TH1\N TQC TRONG MQT 50 TRtJONG liQ"P SAC BIET . . . . . . .,

M¢t nguy~n .ti(c ciin ban trong bi~h ln<ll ttl: ;Jg:\n xtra la hinh ph').t .clin cu vilO trach nhiP,m ca nhil.n ci\u can ph,un. N6i . · kMc, vi can ph(lm .da c6 trach nhi¢m. g<ly ncn .t(li ph;)m nen m&i bj trirng ph\lt ve phtrang di~n hfnh s~r. Nhii:ug ngm'>"i ngoai cu<)c khong · lien M gl den. t{li ph,tm till ki.J<"iitg tu€ hj lrirug pJi"\lt. dtrQ"C•. . . . . . . .

Tuy nhl~f\; ·t.rong_cll luQ.!, ~hlt-1\lp ~h(tp Tru11g-:Hoa (lo m1,1c dlch muein -biio v¢ .ngoi ban ·cila .nha VL!a da. triritg. ph').t "1n¢t each nghiem kli1\c nhitog l\'>i pl11in lo(lu. Trong ,::\c frm'rng- hQ"P noi tre]), !<hong nbii-ng can ph<)m h[ t11i "ehil"t, mil <"lc than thu()c

. trong gia dinh ve phla .d•\n ong cuug hi t(Ji ·. t.X hinl, ; ~011 . , vg con thi .. bi &tm((cilng lam day t<:r gai · (ty) llau ·h'J. -lrong ell<::

.nha quim. · ·· ·· · · . ' . . .

N6i khac,•dqa theo quun ni~m ci'ta dl-hi:H Trung-Hoa, !roug · nh~mg frtriJDg_ hgp dl.\c bii;t i16i {r~n. dii c6' m11t trach .. llh!¢m,t~J)

. ·(I) Chcrinig tri,;h c(l.lu~l nilm iln'r hoi.

.•·· 16:1'

....... · .. ·. . . ' -. . .: ... ~; -~· - .· .· .. ,-·,·,.:·,'."" .. · .... · .. , .

• : .• : .. ::-:: ... = ... ~~·· ,;:,¥. . . ·:.. .. ·.· .

. '•. '.

th~ hao !rum tfft d cl!.c ngtriri. thilu lhui)c ci\a can ph>J.m cil.r,g bj l·~i.

Gilii philp nay cling da dugc chifp uhi).n trong · ~t•-ln~l Vi~l-Nnm. ·

Theo diflu 411 vii 412 trong b\'> lu;it H~ug--Eltrc, h·ong nhli·i•g lm•7ng bq·p mtru pblin (tti·c lit liun.Jo(ln), m•ru d(li nghjch lim 1a pM My ton mieu, san Hi!lg va cnng quyel) vii mrru h(ln (lti·c; h\ pM" qul5c theo gi(lc), khong nhii:ng ke hl.m phan bj t(>i eh.-.~!11 b~u ann lna v9' con dien stin aeu hi. ifch ihu lti.!ll ciia cdnil de lam no t{J cho cac nha quan.

:;''"'"'.~ lnhl Gin-Long, cac h!nh ph::tt chep nguy~n v!ln 1heu 1U:i1 ~·i(l.J-Thuuh, cOn nghi~lu kh&c hu·n niht : «Phiun kC rntrn ph•[n J.wy rmru d(li nghjch, M cting nmu, bat hu).n )a th1t p!u.tm long p1H.lln, da thi himli ho~ic chua thi himh, deu hi t{>i 11ing td, 6ny i>li, con chau, anh em trai va cdc ngtrM ,;. chung vM cilinl> ph(Jm (nhtr nhirng ng<rM b mil khung con tang vh Qng ngo:~i, cba ·vg, con rl! v.v ... ) n1~c d3u khlic hQ, hay Iron$] coi<: 1/Hi/1 /Juu}c ctia chlnh ph(un phcli de tang nlzau m(Jt nlim, ulm Me clul. vii cac con anh em cl'ta chiuh ph<un, bfil lmj.n c1li (r rieng hag clura, va ghi dunh cung so h<) tjch hay kli~c s1'., lU lnrJi iri'J len, /chong cti·ld .doc lg_l bag ph~ i(Lt (<) aeu p!zai ilJi ph(lm Ctl. Con trai dtr6·i 15 tubi, In, con g{d, V,f! ca, ~g Ji!, Chi em gtii Va VQ' ca, V'J' le CU>l_ <'On clzinlz ph~m ddu cap Vi DO, ph(\! lam no !y d~ han cho c4c quan co cong tr,tug. Ctta cai" <lllu sung cong. ·Tuy nhi~n; con giti va chi em gai chinh ph:,tm da djnh gii chllng cho ngu·ai ta dH, hoijc· con eMu chlnh ph'}m dii tho ngtt<'ri khitc lam con nuoi, v'il vj bon the cua chlrih ph(lm khOtig · hi hllt t¢i.» . . . .

. B5i v&i t¢i mu·"u bQ.n (pban. quae ti1eo nu&c djch.), hilt lu*n. lit thll ph•~m huy tong ph1J.m ·den hj xir tram·. V q, vq: le~ con trai 11ay con glti. deu. ci(p. vi no .Jam n6 ty. Cha m~, ung. cl.u\u, anh e1i1, kh6ng ctl.· ghi danh. cimg s6 -h<) tjch l)uy klutc s1l, · dthr

... plul.( t¢i !tru 2.000ly, con cue ngll'il'i k!zac kh6ug hal t¢i. ... · . . . - . . ...

. . , ... (1) Ph~ t~t·b •. bj m~t lao W, doc t~t Ia bj hai t.llo"l*t.ol,m ~ira qu~. vUn nHJ.. ·. ' . ·. · · . · ! ·-::,. · •. : .... :~.·- · · •

. '.' . . ,""·':168 . . . ~.. .. . . ~ ... ~ ' .· . . . . . .

. -~· : . . .· .·. . . . . :: . : ·~ .. ~. . .... · .. ·.·:. ·.·.,.·,_·:·.,, ...... :···.·.·.· .. ·•· .. ·,·.,·:.;·~··,-,.: .. ,.·.'·,·.~ ~ .•.. :_.__· .• ·.·.:,:.·.·:·'· .. :.·.·.·.··~,·._,_.·,:_._.~_.,·:·~:····:_.,··.·,.,.·.-.· ..• .-.. ··~···' ..• ·.~.· :~~:{'\:-~ ~~-. : .. ;. :; ,: ~ .. ~~-=~_:;~;>~<.: .... ~~.::·:·.; .. l.-i.i:·· .. :,;,·~· .. ··~:. ::- . .. ~ ~~ . ""!.:,_~ - - •• "" •. ~ - ••

.... . } .. . .. ' .. :.'. .,., ... · .

II II

~gtr'{C l;j.l, lfUH6 f!t\ ht*t t-ii:Ug cO nhU:n;.~ tnrC~"ng trach nl1i{lm tin> thi' ctla Uit cl c:lc thli.ll !.flu{><• troug ehi quy trac.h vilo ugu:Oi gia lruo·ug.

h1,,rp ma ;;ia <linh

ThJ!c v(ty, th"'' dieu thu· hai· truu.g 2-1 dieu gi>io hM llru• hanh r.!U'tri td~u ! .~\ Th{-.1:;h TVu ~wgui1i gia · il'~Q-ng-_ tt.r mJnh

; phili theo Ie. pluip de cho cii. n!ui hat chU'&c. uen con em him cAn, thl bUt h)! ngul>'i g~11 truCrng1.1.

:-

Theo dien 3;; lui).l Ho~g-'Bu·c va 211 Gia-Long «Neu ugu:M mi)t nha cling plli).Ill ll)i, thi chi JJt!t tt)i ngwn ton lprang».

DOAN THU HM . . THAN TQC LA MQT Y~U TO SE GIA GIAM Hlt-jH PH~T·

Vi trong d\-plu\p, plul:p lui;\! va a,~,o ly c6 mf.>t ph:1m vi ·bon dllog, niin m<)t so 1\'>i ph''"' nhtr l<)i m(l ~~~. cla thmrng <iii bi .. trlrng ph(lt m(>t cl&ch di,ic bi~l nghicm klli\e, khi cac 'I 1\i iiy do nhihlg.,lhiln tliul)c. (\· lu\ng dll'<ri pl:upu. <loi v6'i c.\c h<~(l a hilng tr8n. Than lhn{lc citng gilli thl l(ii CUUIJ u(ing.

Trong Ju*t H1lng-~ti·c vit Ju~t Gia:Long qui djnh rift ti mi . tirng· lrQ'irng hr)-p ri8ng biN dcr lhlch ti·ng hinh ph;1t v6·! lhi\n di!ng va t¢i. ph(lm ni.\ng nh(l, -tl!iel lucmg·chi c,liu <lO'n clr dlilu 475 Holig-Birc, ciing du . hi~u llm]•c. y 'nhil lam ltv).t lr~ng ell 'p!iap : «Lang m'). ong biJ ella m~ till pbil.i, t(li lmi ngo(li chilu, ~anh .thl phi'ti lu'U 'eli eMu xa, danll bj lhll'o·ng (hi phiii ll}i giao. Vi Ill.m JO· nH\ lam cMt lhl pMi t(li lu:n ngo(li ch!\u, bi thu:<Yng . 1hl phlii t¢Ham chllng uien binh. Himh Ong ba ngo(li thl gj1hn . t{li mc)t b;).c». ·

· .. T.i'Y nhien, vi. quyen. hitnh cua ngtrai 'gia· trrr&ng. viJ.' c6· re cling vi tra~)l: nhi('m cua ngU'iri .gia \ru·o·ng 1·ift '16-n lrcnig vi~c giao. huan con c>li, tu\u· tri1ch 1ihi¢1ir ;vi! hiuh s~t .cim ngiiO'i. gfa

. '·· · h:trO.:i!g .cling d~rq·c giarp Mt. Vli..u th~o diilu 47(iHong Btl:c; «n~li.' ... · · con cha\1. trai ph;1!1riiri d(ly .d~. rna {Jug· bit, cha. m~ .danh; cMt, ·.' ···.,

,.-,.,. ·:. t)ll. phai ,IQ~ do _l3.mkhao dinh ;. dAub.:: chet hli.!Jg di> -c6· mij(·.'. ,. . . . .. . . ' ..

. . . ... ; ..... . . · ....

"·:~~,~~~r~:/~;:;;;::·, ·,~,:; :.;.:.:";· : - .. ~- . -.. . '

--~ .· ...

nhQn, thi phiii t{li dlr lam tuQ:ng pht.rlmg binh ; "c<:> :sa,t thi phliit(li th8m m(\t h~c. ·Neu 6ng: _bii ngo~i, m~ tti<:h, m~ kl\ m'.' · nuiii ma dimh cMt con chau: thl.· ph>ii t(li. thtliil m(lt' Me, ng(l · sol. I !hi den khOng phili t(li•. ·

Ngoai ra, v\ d~o hieu, vii tinh (lollll. !tel giii·n e>ic than·thti(lc, · con chau dtri)'C phtip xin ch[u · t(>i !hay : cho Ong bit, .-cha rn(il. n<!u Ia 1\>i roi hay t.:>i !rm;rng vA · dm1c gi:l.m m(\t hl).c. J:li~u nay Ia m1)! tlieu -lu~t 'blic bi~t. ctia b{l lui).t Hllng Bll:c, khOng c6 ~rang cac _h? l~t*t nha Bu·li·ng va phi>_ Thanh . v!J. vi: vfi,y ciing khong c6 .trong h9 lu~t Gia.Long.

. . . B.01N Tlf(J _BA.

. . Si/ X~P LO~! cAc THAN THU<)C ve· HlNH Sl!. ··' Vi !han'.iillng c6 anh iiubng dt;n' hinh pho,l!, n~n chung !a

. ·. dii thl)y ll·ong·_ di~ti 475'lu~t Hllng Bti·c m{lt !hi d11 cu th.l! ve· st;r .:qui djnlq·iit phrrc l(lp_ h·ong C1:1 lufi,l. . · ·

' · .• - Tuy .nhi~n, m3i khi iin aiilh mt}! hlnh ·ph>.ll~· nha him iui).i · khOngthtniw dJt li~u ;cho"Mt .cac dip- b.;tc than dil11g, mili h~ng m¢ t hi~h ph:J.l rieng ·hi¢1:.

Vi v~y, d€ giiin d[ h6a vll11 de, lu;)! Hllng l;h!·c (dieu 4~) v!J. · .lu'(l.l Gia Long (dieti-.37) d_it chia cite thilJ;r ·thii(Ic hl.m may lo(li . chfnh ve pht.ro-ng di~·n hlnh S\r,_ mi;ic dlin hQ khOng thu~c ; c]ing ..

n;.;,t lo~i :ve phmrng di¢n· iang 'eM. Bien 42 trong -hQ '!u~t Hllng '):lirc·ia·m(')t trong nhii·ng <lieil khoun kh6 djch nhilt. Tuy tilt ca :

cac chfr h·ong dieu: 42. n_ll'y den di; hil:n, song .n<ltl kh6ng. hi~u. ·. du·gc y _Dgh'ia ci\n bil.n cua n~a linnlu~t._ tbi Mu djcli sil'tril· . th:\nh hi hi~m v:\ v6 ngh'ia ly. . .· ·. · . ' . . .. . .

. .'. Nguyen ·van : <<Chtr ·xll'ng t1i-phn uilh1-ghi, ·tang _cao · dllng. ·: .. Xung_ ton:_gii\, ~a.ng'hiiyen t1llng. Bicli-io_U: thira.t1:1 dir' ph\i"milu ·. · dllng: Ky dich, 1t1i, lir)uil.u, nhtrQ'C du~·ng: giii, 9-fr. :·than _- d~ng. .··.

Xtrng fi'r gia, n·am-nir clllng». (1) . . · . • ·, . · -. · . :· .. -.

:.(xJ, 1~ ~~ itt}:.,~':-~~.::~{_'~--~-;~ ··~->~·>w· ~- JOJ, ~ ~ ;i ~ ~- -• .· ' ~ _-1!1: i']; $.. ·hii Jf,f ti.. ·li):_.?} -11-·,._;r .jl\. t,Q,.JiiJ , :fH- -1'. -lt.!JJ '*·illl··

-· . '';' . .. .

.. ' " . · •.. .·

~··: . _:.t ;., :.· . ...... .

II II

·. Ojch iheo ugh1a h'rng chfr: •<GQi la ong bit, d{lug ugh1a vOi cu-kx. G9i la clu\u, dong ngh'in v<'r:i chUt, clul.t. Ch.\tt · dl<:_h tOo lhirn 6ng bit, cling nhtr thira elm m~. Bi.li v6-i dich man, M mliu, tir miht nuoi minh ciing nh1r <loi v6-i cac. hi).~ than sitth. Gc;Ji hi con, !hi trai .gai uhtr nham.

L5i d!ch theo ngh'ia den nay khclng th~ him· t.hoat <ltr'!'' y-ngh'ia baa hitm trong diau-luM.

T').i lam na_o, dieu 42 H.B l~i dong-h6a Ong hit v6-i C\1, kY. chan voi chlH clu\t ? Troug b!in-djch h(> Quoc-tri(hl Hiuh-!tJ~t do tnr<mg lw,U Saigon xuiil-hau, oug Cao-Nru-Quang du nghi ding sg: clOng.:hOa cltri)'C lht.rc-hi~n ve ph(lm-vi tang chiL

. Ban djc):t ay nhu· san : «Chin titug 6ug ba vlri C\1 I<:r. giiiug uhnu, Chin tang chau, ch<lt, chtit. gii.lng nhau. Chau dich ton thay cho m~ rna. de tang Orig ba cling_ nhtt chju lang cha m~. Chju tang dich mfiu, ke mfiu, tt'r mliu nuOi mlnh, cling nh1i chju tang ngtriti !hil.n sinh m.ruiuh. G9i la con, tru..l gid giung. nha11». ·

S!! !hJ!C, nlu\. linn lu(lt !thong de-ci).p den vfin-de tang-cue · .· · troug .di~u· nay ; bang-cht'rng hi~n-nhien. v~ di~~' nity Ia theo b:in~di5 lhan-tlmQ.c cihi-!c;}c d~ tang nhau, i_n lrong b'\'i lu:j.t Hong-BU:e, thi. deii v6·i ong bit ph!ti d~: tung. t~ thoi, -kh~ng. cMng gl).y 1 nam, qui v6-i cilc C\1, · pli•ii d~ lnJ!g · te !hoi 5 thimg_ · ·:. va doi .vb'i Itx, chi phiii -clll tang 3 tlaing ; nhir '!iJ.Y kh6ug t.M co ·

· . sif doug h6a ve phti·o·ng-di~n tang eM.. · . '···

Sl! d(lng-h6a dlty chi ap-dung v\1 phu·o·ug-dj¢n tnl.ch~nhi~u; hinh sl): doi v6-i .than-thti¢c troi1g gi'!-~dinh. Thiel ttro·ng dieu. 4:J Hong-Bt'rc pbiti djch nlm snu : <<Pham ·!rang lu:j.t khi nao · dung danh !ir ong · M thi gllm ci\ cu !tY. ; dung· danh tti· eMu . thf gom c:i ch1\t,. clitit ; dich t6u doi ong h;\ .. ciing xep:dong. . h:p:~g v6-i d.ich"h'r d6i. v6·i cl1a m~. Khi' t~ong lu:).t n6i. t6-i cha · :. ni~ thl bao gom·-ca dlch miln, ·ke mliti,- tu· ·utiiu. iHi nuoi miuh: .: ·. • Khi tr.on~,lul).t dung danh lir ~~~u-, d!l_cbi'cac. con m(lt cachtbog_ ..

. quat thi ~ao gom.ci\. con traOan con·gaj. : ·. . ... · ·· · · .. '.,.~;:; ... , . ..... .. . · .. :; .. ; ·. . . . ·, : .... . . . . ·: \•. ' .. ~:_ :·"·.:-~ ··:

B1en· 'l!J.~l _nay•lri_u-c;>·n nguyen va~ tro.rig· rl)(lt ':lhit- B~rcint(~~·:•,;.,i . '.. . · ... ·, ··~ .. .... . ·, . . . ':· :< . ' . . . . . . .. : ..... : ·.).J;,!

·. ··''' .. ~ •. : .. ~- . ' . ' .. ' · .. ':· ·-171 ':. -':~\ . , • • ; ... ~~ ... •:. . ·; '·· . . ... , :- . . ., , .. ·.. : .• .: •.. ·,_,.·:,::_.:',.·,· .:~,· .• ,·_.·,.·.·.· ••. ·. '.,-:·.·,' .. ,·,,r·.i.,,''.·-~-' ·' -~-~-12;_~~~-;- ~:~);;~.:·;~;~~~~-c~~~::::.· :-.. ~ .. ::.: .~:r.~.: ;: :'". . .... : . ,._;;, :. \f}.·.:~~~~-::.-·:: .. ... ~ . - -~ - - .~ ";..

chi. lut.li ·hO 1·ie1Jg rn¢t.do~n ehU-thfc.h {y dOCJ.Tr r.ufJi :ana dieu 37 ln~t Gia Long tiff giir l10an !oini nguy~n-hitn. Bo(tn .cuoi ay nhn snu .:·.;,[hi trong ln~t d<iug danh-ll'r <ilih de chi cac, ·con, thi :~<lm c~ con trni con ga.i ; n.ha:n{J vt: r.tic lc)i cluur3n f~1a, !hi. eon grii klzdlll] pfzai tt/Jng h6a v{J"i COil Ired>.> (duyeJZ i{!a 11iii, nrr bill diJn:J) ( 1

). T(>i duyen L9a Ia nhfrng 1¢i khong do ph(Lnl nhan h\m ra ; ph,,m nba.n chju trt.ch-n!Mm chi vi lien )!Jy, do sg plll)ID 1<)i clw !te khlLc. Bol)n cu15i ·nay b.;~ 1¢ ro r¢t j ngh'! ciia uh~ h\m In~. I lrong tat ca cac khoan tren. .

. Trong b<) Bll'o'ng li1~l.t s& nghj; da dlin nhiet; lh(dTi: d~ lam sang to )'-nghia citu di!lu nay. Thl <hz : a) Trong lrz~\ c1irn doan Yi~e pMn chia liti-siln lam sll ri~ng (bi¢t tjch) khi <lng r,it cha Ill~ ccin sorig. Neu C\1 k:t ciing con seing ciing ap-d\111g dieullz~l nay, vi S\1: d(hzg ·h6a n6i tren, · ·

!1) Trong· Ju:).t dim cac con chltu khOng dm;t~ LitU gi{w l¢nh c.iia ong h~. clui. Ill~. :Billu lm)l nay ciing ap-ll\mg uoi vtd <::i<'

cht.t, elu\t, ]chOng UU'(l'C trai gino l~ulJ CtlU C(l k1 Y.Y .. ,

. ·c) .Ngc:iM ra trong Iu~t Gia Long, co ddn thi d\z v~ t(>i dny~u : tC;ia .: trong trzrimg'hqp lam phii.n (mmt .u>)i· nghjeh), !thOng

nhii·ng thu pbt.tm hi t(ii, zi1a eli VQ" con: (tM tii-J_cl1ng phai t<)i. Trang hz~t Gia-Loi:zg dting chil- «lit'"• nlnrng ·vi lit tmimg hQ"P

. duyen't¢i n~n con gui khOng hi bao gom trong tfanh tfr m\y. Trang liri chz\ thlch <lieu !37 .G.L. nha lam ht<lt d1i ghi ro : «Con gt\i di liiy chC>ng .;ru·c;rc coi rilm thni)c vil nhit chong nen kh(ing hilt ·t<)i dnyen iQa, ml.lc dau Iii. l<)i phfin nghjclw.. . · ·

i'{ET 11!(/ . HAl .

. HJ~U tV'i: cuA THAN r9c vE:. f'i·n.io.NG oJ~N DAN Slf . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : ::: < ·:. Trcing g!~ ·atnl) .ph\1 h~:::~~~~ •. chi ri~ng ng~a·i gia ·lru·bng ~6

'quyen· ·Ji.anh doi ··vci-i. nhilidlu1n va lili .san cac tMn tbu<)c:o· : ,· .... ·. .:: . .. . . . . . . . . ' ' ·. "'-----;.· .. ...__ . . .. ·" .. . . . ·;

·(r) ti. ~ +, ; ,.; ::f.f•i> .. . ... . . ·~ .... , .. · ' '• .· . . . ~

;.:.f~~;!J~r:~ts~~::fL:);~·:,:-~:.~~:;,;_~:~:~:~c; ~~-:. :_;_ :~: ~:,, 1: :t:,~_j;~df~~h~'x;::

--

IIIII

Chong trOng gia dinlJ hill lut).n O.iBU tudi Vlt JJf;! h~.:j.n hQ C{fi C6H gili thu hay clurn. Y ni(lm vi thi1nb ni''" )my iltind> ;:inn ~t'111g Y-ni~m thoat quyen do gin th!'t ueu Izi nhU:ng :~-Jli~m ~--a h.t nu\ c~ lu~t Bong phu-o·ng l<bong bii!t ltri.

B~ hifu iO quy'l3u ci'ta ngtrCd gia fl~U'O·ng r.hi t.~~n phfi.n tf~h cac ngb'ia v\> giiwg hitt;.c: cac than thu{>c & chung nhit.

Nh-ii·ng oghia Vl.l nlly Liit uguOn 0· quan ni~n1 KhC\nt~ gl;'to . m•\ sach L~ l(y ila trlnh blly r5 r~t v~ s>;r h\tn eM quycn lc;d ciu1 C{IC con C!l~tn1 lrong gin. llinh vf.! hni pluro-nrt di~n nlHln thfin vi1 tM f~ii ~~- . .

•$1JJu_t mfiu t.)i, bill ~,i:m htru. h.li llrt't.u, blll .cllm ltr k{j iti.il) : H !d cUn ella m~, cun k.hdny clrim .cO Cll!n cil tbti.n llz'ft r1ia mllllr, klt611.'1 dam c vi> t!'t· qua, v(> tu· su.c, vo tti- khi. HUt e;int l1r giflc, hfH l:illll llr dlb>. N!Jtrl''J"i con vh n[t!XOi Yt'f. ci'ta l':On khOng cO l;ii stlll rH~ng, khclng c6 gia s{lC ritmg, khOng rHuu VtJ.Y nnrQ'n J'i(•ng, khOng d;'un cho ai v(l:t gl, (-f -t-1' ftr; ~ft.-~ ~·-r.if.- :¥• ilf 0 :f.. iJl. -I!• [ri. > {; ill ,fl . . j~.).

}-)Q,_IN Tffli" NHIIT

HIEU we eli A THAN Toe VE PHtJONG · oii~N TAl sAI'l· • • • • • & •

Thco qunn oi¢m n:1y,. <lieu 378 Hllng-Bll-c cam Lim di~n . Ran tr:\1 phep (d>)O mryJ <lien san) khicha liw.ron song· .. Vi· l~nh,

· con trai phi\i pb:;tl ti() Lmqog v:i "'' hai Lr(tt, con g;\i pluii plu.ll 50 roi· h:;t me) I tr(tt. Phiii LrO ngu;y~n ti~n cho ngn·(ri mna vA·.~lCn

. ·silo <11rgc bqau l(li cho cham~: ·Nhfi·ng kii ty ·uu (o· hang <\u-'6i uay Jt tu1>i) rung Cr v&i ngu·o·i gia trtr&ng ma han tJ:;,{j;ibep didn san ciia ngirlri. gia tnr&ng'ciing chin l\)i nlm the.. . . . . . ... · · Bi,~·'' 371! · rll'lng-Birc to. ro .JIJ c:ic. con chilu ~onll du·oi quyli.u >"· . cha m~ !Jay_ quy~n n~treri gia tmoug· kh~ng c6 qt1yen c.6 . lai'- ·:: san. Cac tai san den thu9!" <fuy~n sa ·hn:u :eiia ngtrcri giii lr.>rong:' :':;

.Ban c.a.c t~,i..san· _ay, lm).t gQi' ill' blm trai ·P}teP; «it~o ·I1>:;ti>i uglti.a ;·' .. \; :.:. ... ,_ .. · . . . . . .- .... ·: _._.:_ .. ~ .. '<~·~·:~~\

• • . • . .••• 1. ·.-. ·::· _: :: J, .. >~?~!)·~· ;'~!.] :..~-~~::~:·~ .. ~-· -~.~ ..... ·~ ... ~~ .. <(~-~:· ···' ,_ .. . .. . -

Ia ban,cua ttr hfrn cua ngm)'i khitc (vi v~y S>t-Mn trlti ph~p nay coi nhtr an tr(nn). . .

Bi~n 82 Gia-Long cang ro Il;t: «Phiun khong phili ong hli · cha m~ cho phep, mil con eMu l(lp rieng s1l h(i tjch, chia gia san !hi phai plu.tt 100 !rtrQng>>. Sa d'!. con eMu khOng. dn·Q·c quylln phil.n san vao scl h(l tjch, lit VL titi si\u . ify cita on'g bit, cham~. Liri cln1 thich cimnhiL liun lm)t nlu\ Nguy1ln vll dien 82 Gia-Lcing chi nhiic l;ti cac nguy~n tltc cii!)..sach L(q{y: «T1l ph~t · mli:u, ph\t tnKu t!).i, tii· .ton b1i:t at,,; hii·u !tr raill. Khi ong.·bil; cha · m~ con song, cori chan khOng th~ c6 t/ii s•in rieng ('). ·

Bit!n 83 G·ia Long ciing clint cUe ki! ty ?in tn'ti Ienh ngll'<lf . ton lrn'i'l'ng ma ttr ti~u ti8u dung ciia chung Lrong nhit.

. Thea cU,ng m(>l tin!~ .thlln hila v¢ tai san· gia· din ]I, di~u 83 Gia Long ·dfi dg li~n : <d'hain ke: ty nu.lchong tniln J¢nh ugtrlri t!)n trtr&ng & chung (nghia Ia ngrriri than Lltngc o· hang tr8n vil. nhien tulli Jwn): tg ti~n 'ti~n dung cun chnug. trong nlu\ ur:u gili !hi siln Ja 10 h:mg bt.ui thl ph:ii 20 roi, LMm m·iii lll l~ng' t(li ll).i n~mg thllm m¢1 bi).c," nlurng chi d1in HJO !rtrQ·ngr•. · ·

'LOi. chtl. gii\i thlch chlnh lhtrc etta h¢ Ju;)L m!y V(lch cho fl).

hillu thfiu rli-ttr trro·ng ciia nhlt l~p phltp : "Neu c•lc nguiri ty ifu & chung cling ton tr.iri'rng va neu cac lui san den ali chung, vi~c. qui\n tri ccic icii siin phili hocin toim do cac ngir&i 1611 tmlmg

· . atlin nltiqm. Cac ngu:M ty au kMn.g tlz~ lr! !i rtilni ·. nhi4m ·viqc quiln tri hay xrl.· rlf!n..q t'ltr{l'c>>. · . . . · · · · ·

. lJy13an C<l Vil:n An L~, 'gi!ii <lap ci\ti. hoi 78; ali -~!Hi-~~ bi1it tr(lng thai ciia lttc. i¢ cling !thOng kMc bi¢1 <juan. ni~m cua ·aha lam lui).t. · ·

. oVi~c giam 111) "cac. Ire vj. thltnh ni~n "khDng do lu;)t pht\p liny .\ttc. ~~ chiS.t'lj'!h. Khi ngtrlri cha mat trq&c,. _rigtriri .m~ .g6a se ··quan lrj nhan thftn, vii . lui- san cun tnt c_a Cl\C con. ngu·o·i· chong · .qua: eeL Neu: cha m~'.ueu m1H cii, ong n(>t hay ba · n(li se ·-di\m. -· _di\mnhi~m \':i~c·uay. N~u·ong n¢i M n¢i khaug co~t :nfra, cac_-:

(f) VU-vnn-M:lu. i..e~ ·suCcessionS 'teStamcntair~s en droit Vietnftini.en. ·. :· P~ris. 19-iB.ir. gj va 96; .; . .

·-- : • • -· •• ·--· -~-- ;,<, •

II II

tre vi thanh nien dn·u·to di\t dmri uv quy~n ciia ngu·o·i unh ca. Ngtrb·i anh se dll'c;rc timy ;nij.l ugu·b-i cha, nllU'ng phii.i da tlianh nii'n. Neu ngtrl.>"i anh c;i con vj thimh nien, lhil'i sc cluvc tbay hling ngtro·i ch1i hay ngU"Oi chj cit thimh nil\n••· ·

Tri:r. ngny~u t;~o, vj~c: giilm thii GilC tr~ nt6 c')i v~ thitnh nien · vii vi~.c qmin irj cilc tai s:i.n etta cluing du·qc giao cho ngu:o·i hQ nQi glin nh8t. N.hieu khf. cho nt~ chi dinh sllu ngw .. )'i lrOng nom cac con vj thanh ni&n.

Thtrimg khi ctic Ire khOng c6 ci1a elm m~ chet eli d~ l(li, !hi n!-(lrb"i tlll'tn thu<)c r~lln nh1il nhi).n nuoi c{tc td-. v~ lhimh nien. Neu ldl<ing c8n ngu:i>'i lhuu I:hu¢c nao ve ben u(\i, ll>'n h<! ngo.~i co the nMn nuoi cac lre.

Trong tru·irng hgp nguO·i vg g6n 111(mti 1nc)t hny tq~ giil C(\C cou vg lhtr.dllQ'C d~l d1r6·i qnyeu m~ chiwg._. ·

9ui viri danh tir «vi thltnh u·iem) dung trong de llri gi:li· · dap cita U .B.C. V.A.L. tit !chong nen ·hi~u theo nghi.a chuyen

· m6n trong DAit-lu(U ell phitp. · '

Dani1 [ir nay & day chi c6 nghia Iii con edt tuo.i, nien ti1ie~» cb1i: khong co nghia."d!cb xac Ia chtra Uri 21 tu1H.

· Giil.i dap cil.n hoi 79 U.B.C. V.A.L. ghi ro Ia trbng l\tc I~ cua ta ngily I mac !<hong au iljnh ro rang tulli . .thitnli riien, "Khi ng1riri ta n6i · l «Ng1ri>'i con trai den 20 tu1li u(ii khan-· va ng1riYi cori -gai 16 tu1li cai trAm» .can n/ly chi c6 . ngb'ia Ia chting c;!ii Mt tlz&i nien tlzi~u rlli. Cac tu1li nay ltht'lug phai Ia tulli thanh· n~en ciia co"n trai hay con gai v~ ph1r_o·ng di~n nang

'lgc dil.n sg.

Sl)' th~t den· 11l tulli, ngu·Oi thanh ni~n bil.t dllu c6 quy~n va c_6 b1ln phijn trong·lang m:;tc. T-bam· d'! vao cac ·co.ng "viec irong

·th6n xa,"hQ phi\i dong SU'U thu(\", g6p ph~n "vito cl\C trach ·vu trong xa, canh gac bau dem, chin stru.djch v. v .. ; · . .. . .

·.. . . Nhllng trAl l:;ti, \]gll'iri "thanh uieri. dep 18 tupi piing.blit ·. . dan d1rQ'c .!IH"ii-ng ~ac..quyen-IQi : d\f ~a~· tie~, ~6 .chii: ngllh>' .=::~ · . . cl,Iori !finh trnn!( dtrc;i·c. liir&ng phlln ~u{>ng .c~ng-dien~: · .· .· . .:i ·, ·.-;.;.

;~}~;~~c-:~,~<xi:k;~,t./ .. ,· .. ·_·,c :',; .= · • ·.· • ::'~::,: · • .. .- >-.• : : •• ;,;~~;:Lit~~;~~

Ben' dily, Uv n·nn lai ket lufin rnot each dt.tt-de, trAi ngtrgc han v6-i C<\c.Joi quy1it-d.oti.n tr~~.. ··

«Con trni rl~n 1:l tnl\i co thl! coi nhtr ali clen tn1\i thimhnH\u ch\nh lhttc. Con gili dli Ji(y chBug, illfn tu1li do, cling dtr~Yc c~>i uhu· lh:luh-ni<ln». · -

Str thl!c, h·ong r.il.u gilii:dap· i9, .U.B.C.V.A.L. da nh!imlfin hai v[in de : trach-nhi~m cih ngtrll'i ci'mg d:in ve pllU'O'ng _di(\n Ct)ng-ph:lp va 'lh>ln-plu)n Cl'tc con ehlut lt·ong gi,.; c1inh.vll ·ttr-plulp. Do. qnnn.-ni~m thieu ininh b(l~h· ily, JiJi gi:'ti ilap trcn rfit l1\ng-tUng. Tro:l~! · klnlfm-khb .d~d gin-llinh Yi~V-Nant, .. c:\c con· elt:'at luc)n ltJiin s6i1(l cltrlri quyc1" cha '"~ hay nguai giatt·n·O:ng. v~i kh{)n-g c6 CrltyCn gi d6j vlri Hti-siin 'elm gia-~lnL.

· TlO~lN TIIir II A!

HI~U llfC CUA THAI'l TQC VE PHU'O:-.IG DI~N NHlo.N THAN

Ve phtro·itg di~n nh>1it thi\.n, ,~,·, ·ba <1i1!m c?ln pluH ltrn y :: i<)· Nghlil V\I eli& con ~him <16i t•6i gia tm~·ng. h) Nghla ViJ ctl" anb ern di.li viii nhan. . . . .

c) Nghia VT.I cnc- Lhil.n thnl)c dili vil'i nhau, -.-. ' . . . . A . ....:-. Cac: ~0~ clu~u c6 nhi~u nghia vv d6i v6-i f!ia_ tr~Orrig L Rh<\ug d;;gc. lrtli git\o l¢nh dm 6ug·ht. cha·. m~ (di~u 506

H8, .:lieu H07;Gt.). . · .

2. Phi\i flhi,u;gdtro•ng 6ngblt'cha ;119 (cl. 501i ·HB', d. 307 GL).

3.-Kiuing (JtrQ'C. ki~n. clio ong .bit. <:h;l LD~ (d. 511: HB~ d~·3ofl"GL). . . . ·.

: . · ·4·_ .. :_; Pl;hi-t~n trg);g tlioik.f_i;u: iang·: ·h~he Utify tn'og .6ng bit. cha m~ mit gi1[u khong ldt6c, ctl Lang 'Cit a m~ .mi\ litnl·gin thu, .

. vui -·chil'niit nii}c nhtr llmimg. Ia cnn · .tl)i. blH hi en, t(>i tlux: b!ly .. trong t<)itMp i<c {diet\ 2H~ v~ diilu. 2 GL) .. · ·

. : .. ' . . ' .. .... .. '-176; .. -.:'

::'· i. ''• I ..,;,~--~--;····· ' ... . ·,,:.;.;- . -~ . '.: . _; . ·- • .1· ..

~·

5.-·Phi\i fin. gi1(u cac t¢i pbt;~m cttn ong .ba clu,: m9 (dien 3\l Hfl ; <l. 31 GL).

6.- Phai thco <lng bit cham~, n<'u <lng bit chn ·m? hi t¢i· di day (hru) (iiil>u 14 GL).

7.- f'!h!n· thay thC ch.n Uug bit cha n19 l¢i roi hay tgi tr"vng (<lieu 3R HB).

. R.- Gifra die anh "'!J• · chj em ir<>~>g gin Jlnh phai o6 ng vb-!· nhnu ho" m\1<=·

Trong 47 <Wlu giao h!)a cita·vua U-Huyen-Tong han hitnh nlim Ciinh-tri nr,uyim-nien (11\lt!.), dit\tt tlJir ha d(ly : «B;,to linn anh em pbili · curig ·nhau hoa !hmj_n. Ani) thi yeu em, em !hi kinh a·nh, ch6· nen, tranh uhau tili san, ch6· neu ngl:te lirl vrr mil . quen mat tinb ci'it nb~lC)),

!(;,..,:. Giii'a c6r. ih~n. llm<)c trong J'}i gil1l <llnh, nui !Mu . dftug du·qc nha lilru iu;U !rong eli pl11ip coi· h\ gl.ln gili, !hi k!uing thl! J~m gill thu v&i nhau dtrqc. Vcph\wng rli~n hity, kfli ngbien cun ve gill. !lui, chtiu·g la dii rfi Ia qum.t. dilin;_ cua d> lu~t rat nghiem khiic. · '

. Snu bet, ve phtro·ng di~n· thira kif, m1)c. dliu t.heo tiuli than c1l lu(tt; s'! thlra ke chi Ia "'F ui'ii do.i de thiY pJn,mg t6 tie.n, Vll. chi ricng_ ·ngn·c'ri. dich tu hay tllch t(>n .-(con lr:li ca, ho(ic !thong CO COU ca, !hi CJH'J.n· trai ca CUa ngitnh tm&ng) Ulf9'C dilm nhi~m_ph~n st; nay, nlimrg lrong tlnyc t1i, lhl ngp·&i e!Je"t co titi san, thi thm7ng chi cho c:tc con, chltu va cue lhiiu thu{lc,-nh:u- ch~ng ta. se him den troug dur~ng trlnh ,~c thira··ke.. · :

K~1f UD.~~ V~ &lt\i ®lA ah~~~ . . .

. · .Y ngliY til chU·c d"i gia ufnh lrong .c6 ln~t dii blit ngu~·~ frcing thb'i"1ty"so· thity & m\tc til\u ci'mg c6 r:t.~ti li'mg che do;\. qni\tt 1'tr9;rig pliong !den; nlurng to chirc rty, tri\i cina thlri gi~n, iiff.lQo·.

·' ra cho cite xii h¢i o· Bon·g phtwng noi ~himg v>\ rr Vi¢t.Narii n6i . ':; ·.-::-: ;i'il\ng;·.nhfrng ihu~n ph_ong my l\ic giii-a cite thi\n Um(>c, tori ty . ·.:-· .... tr(U ·ig .va iin ·a· vcii· nhau Ma m\tc, trong tinh ·tliiln ttrO"ug _thAn, · · · · · ttwng _ai va !U'o·ng trg. · ·

.·· : . : ·.~ · .. :.

177 .: : ~·· .,. . "··~· .

Nher a nlifi·ng my 1\IC ily, tny Kfi bl)i ct. c{Ia ta !<hong co nhU·ng djnh chC b:io hi~m xii bQi, m~i Tay Phtro·ng cfing m6i chi c6 sang kii'fn sun ley f:}~ nhj The chi~n vfta qua, dan t(>c ta ngily trrro·c kh6ng c1ln phai giai quyi!t van de nhfrng. ngrrM gilt yllu bj hi) rcri khong ngrro·i chilm nom. Trong <1<.li gin dinh, 1)• trrong 11\. ngii tlOJ.i dong du·il'ng, niim dlri o· chung v6"i nhmi. Cite hi).r. gia !iio rilt dtr\rc klnh tr')nf.(, tt·ong gia dlnh cfing nlur ngolli :dt h¢i.

Vlin bi~t rli.lltl, h·ong eM do) d(li gia dinh· ay, cfing c6 nhicn dillm !iii thai nh1r quylln cua ngrro:i gin trrr&ng diSi vo-i liti sii.n ella cUe con clu'1u A· chung cimg nlul ; hot).c h·itch nhi~In 'vC hinh

. SJF Inn ro)ng dl>n d nhfi·ng ngrril'i n?tY inyt each th:'li qnh, tnii vOi tt·ach .nhi¢m o(t nht111 CUa n1lli ngu·1~ri ve phU'cl·ng dit;.n J1inh lu(lt. Nhii·ng c:li~lh thai quh m\y kh6ng con c:lrrQ·c lul).t pMp ngity nay chllp thui).n.

M(it m~t k],;g, uu}c dan etic <ii~n ki~n vl).l chat trong "" hi)i ngay nay khilnl{ <'.!Jo phep ct\c thftn lhn(>c con· c6 th1! sinh tnrbng chung "lrong l<hn(Jn k)Ill Cllll Cl')i ght dinh, nhirng xa hi)i Vi~t Nam vii!I co u.1, kieu hanh Ia nhii'ng my I\!C cua .dl iu(i.t vli:n con tMm ulman <~Ac tMn thu¢c trong gin dlnh. ·

Ho·n nji·n, lt!y nhil liun lu~t <lfi ton tr9ng quylln lQ·i eli nh~n va 1111-vOJ.ch ranh gi6·i ro r¢t giii·a plu\p lu*t va lu!l.n ly cl~ kh6ng quy <1inh vll nhirng van de Win h¢ d"n lnilu ly thu!in tciy nhrr

."hlln ph:).n hiiJ'u ilil hny vitn dll tang ph\IC, Iihfrng pluip eM hi¢n thlri v~n con chju imh huang cua d:l lui)t vl! nhieu di~m li8'l M d<ln <~l).i gia dinh nhrr v1fn de· thim k<l, h~ro·ng tioa, v1fn de-c1fm gill thu g:n·a thlln tlm<)c, van d~ cnm con chan tr~n nguy~n tiic. kh<'lng c:lrrgc ld¢n Ong hA, chn m9 niiu lch6ng drrqc H¢i c:lllng gia t¢c cho phep, ·

Noi 16m ll)i, tll clnrc vi< tinh thlln d~i gin. <tJnh · dii c6 ml)t · ilnh hrril·.ng rl'lt l.trn d6i v6-i J<ii. h(>i Vi¢t. .Nam. Anh htri'mg lfy con "tlln l(tl)ti~n nay trong i!i h¢i, kh1\ng nhii·ng dili y6i c~ .nMn mit con diSi vo·i ·cil nhii ·l(l.p phllp nib. ·

."0

: :t78 ·: ·:·_:.-.:

...

.!' ..

~· . .

·' ..

r.- Track rihiim hlnh w czla cd ilocm th~ gia illnh ilii all'!)'C lu# c3 Tntng-Hoa va lu!lt-t3 Viit-Nam chlip nh~n trong tru!lmg h!YP di~n. hl.nh mlo r

i.- TM.n t§c za .mPt ;p~u to gia gidm hlnhphq.t tror:g nhii:ng trr¥&ng h!YP nao _?

3·- :t>ilci 42 trong b~ lll~t fiong-'EJ(ro Ita xtp cac lo~i thiin thit§c v~ ·. 'ph!r<Yng di~n h!nh S{l' nhcr the nlzo f . . .

4·- Hiiu l!;'c.· ida thdn t{ic t•li yhu."O"ng diin tlli sdn trong lu~t Hong. Drrc va Gia-Long. ·

. 5·- Hiiu l{l'c cua than t{ic v~ ph~rO"ng di~n tai scln trong"!~c l~ du:fri i!liYi Nguyln •

. 6 ,_:_ Hi~u l{l'c ella thlin tfic ~• phu'O"ng di§n nhan thlln.

r.-'- Hiiu _l{l'c czla than t?c v~ phwD"ng di~n hlnh S!£' •.

a.- Hiiu /!;'c czla thall tlic v~ phu·O"ng dii11 40.n s~·. ·

... ·. ;

·,. - .. ' ...

179

I n_AI TH(r MU'UI M¢r""7(;r·A-PHA-_:-GL.\Tm.rcrNGH¢! BONG G!A TQC. ------------·---------'-------

. THJ l~N 'fHr'r HA'

. ~ ' STJ D I JH lJ.-llA.l'll:i

~,

"GIA:~DlNH

'l'uy il·ong C1l ht(lt khong M> iiWu Jdwlin m!o minh thi -li~n M ili!n stt dillu hanh ci1~ il~i gia tllnh hay ci\n ti~u gia · . dinh, nlmng nhii·ug quy/5u ll(lll cua . ngtrM g_ia tru·il·ug dfi dnQ·c ph!ln tich tt·ong Thien 1, d6i 'v6'i nluln tMu vii \IIi _san cna cue thftn thll(>c ciing chung song v&i nhau cho phep chung ta hi ell ri'ing, nht\ lam hi:~t khi nhin nh~n cho JJguiri gia trrr(mg c:\c quyen h~n rlft Urn nlm v~y, clit khong mu6u can · · thi¢p m<)t.·.cltch. t)' m)• vito stt di~u hauli n{li h(\. cua d;li gin dlnh ciing uhtr· cim tillu. gia clinh, d'i! m\tc cho ngu·9'i gia tru'i\-ng Itt y giai quyilt theo _phong l1_1c, 1~ giao. ·

Triy nhicn, qua tl,tc 1~, S't i!illu _hltnh ctia gia ·._dinh .trong C11 phap, ei.ing da him n11i bM ha ·van de mh ngay. ~ay. Dan lu~t hi~n \t;~i con chill'ilnh luri'mg cun C<'lln!).t.

Tit:! ! . ..,.. Gin· PhS.. ·

Ti'l;t II.- Stt phi'm hie! T(lc Tnri\-ng, Gia Trrril·ng ..

Ton TrtrD-ug vit.

·. \

'•' -.. ,.,

......

7'iiit III.- Hc)i_Bilug gia t(\c. .- . ·. ··:· .. ·

. . "180 . -:

' . •. :-

. . . ·.: ::;;,> .. "· ::_.·;-~:.~:i;:Jl{·,}}~ .: : : ... , ',•. I .~·. '• ,. ; ;

·~ ·.~

1'J,ET TIIO' NHA T

GIA PHA

Troug hai b9 Juij.t Hong-Due va lu~f Gia-Loug lrhoug ct> t1i\!:u ldJ.~Jiln nito nr)i. tOi gin .Ph~L 'fuy nhit1n, h·ong xi~ hQi ell Vi<H Natn, tnOi g.ia di11h d<1u c6 giti·· n1Qt quy~u gia phil (gia =---:.

nha ; phii. :;- &ic!J) <11\ ghi c!J.Cp e.>h: moi lieu M giU·a ct\c than thur,.c vii. SlJ' ughi~p cila he;.. .

Gia.l <lap cuu hoi ve thitu lhHr,•c trona 1\tC J.~. t;).p y kien ctm f;y Hn_n· C6 Yf...n .An L«) d:.i cho la bilJt nf)i d1.1.ng ·vA feh. lq'i'

• ' . h'' ,..., h' - ' ~· ]"' J " ' ,•• b·'c cna quyP.n gm f· _H : f!'t:JC n. ~n ro ~:~c n1m wu h;; va (..ap 9. tbiln SO' gifi:a bit con trong he;., nl.>idu gia· <linh, uhift lit nhirug gia dinh vqng tt;>c, lhm'mg cliep gia. phi\. Qny&n. gia· phil. drrqc chep tbituh rlhillu bUn all philt cho mili :chi nl)anh h·ong g!a d.lnh m(>t biin. S•t ghi eMp gia pha dtr9·c giao cho ngimh trrro·ng. Thong tlm<'rng, !hi troog miii chi hay. ngiuth trong h9, ngrr«'ri nb.o dtrgr. iiu hrro·.ug hOn thi 1:.6 pl1(ln ·st;t' gill: ~rUyen.gi.a plui ella ngAuh Uy. .

Trong quyl;u gia pha, ghi thep Mn cite than thu1>c ci\.a tllt ca mlc dil'i mil. c6 tM biel drrq~. Ngo!ti m; deli "M m!ii ngtrb-i .;{trq·c ghi ten, h.ti chep ngily sinh, ngay chet, c!J.c ch(rc hr&c va sit nghi~p <ioi v6'i qnilc gia, gia dinh vil lang x1i. Trong qny~n gia phii cling ghi ~hep nhi1·ng ngll'Cri th:ln thu¢\'. ·dfi b! <d.i'rn nghia. lit dii bf lo::ti khoi gia dinh (gitli ciitp criu hiJi s6 1}. . Chep gia phii ciiiig la n;.9t inc l¢ hat ng.uon 6· Tmng Hoa .

. . Ngay tir Hio-(1<).; m6·i un·9·c lh<1uh l(\p·(H34 tru·oo ·lty nguyen)", uha Chu <15. b1i nhi/ll)l m(>t c.lni·c <ptan g<;>i ia Tl~n sir ,1~ chi•p sir rieng ctm mt)i cU.d vua. 'J.'uy nlr.ien~ · nhii·ng ::ni!!b. ghi chCp

· cac st,r nghi<}p ci'JU mi\i lrieu vu11, ,tt'r !chi in6i sinh den khi bling l1a, .. kh_Ong ph:li Iii. nguOn gOc lnpJ tiCp. clr.a cltc quyen gin pha du·9·c ghi chep trong cite gia mnh. tl11.r&ng duu. ·

Phri.i di}·i <ien khi ngai vang nhit Chu . s\lp do, kh) u6· cac lllil.n lhuc)C trorig Hoang gia cii muon duy·tri sv do•\n kilt giii·a . cac than i.hu(>e m6·i bieu a1li cite sach ghi che.p t Wti sll: .c'l~a vua • ·th!tnh qnyl:n gin phil.. · · ·

Cat: t~i<!u vua. ti·j vi ~•u nhit Ciu: !;li Trtiug:HoH <:ung l~hu:yen ·

.. ~· .. .

khich S!J: phil bien vi¢c cluip gin phli trong d:\n ginn, vi ul1cr c6 gin phi\ mt\'i bi~t dttqc giong doi d\a mM <:It nht\n. Bieu: nay rat dln thiet lrong eM t1<) quan chi1, vi khi bG u.hi¢m m(lt qua11 ehirc, bao giC.- ciing dln xet ky giong doi va gia dinh.

Cach ,,!Jep giaphli do d6 mlii ngay·m.:.ttieu b(l vii dlly duho·n.

Uy Bull C6 Vall An L¢ dli t6in VH C(IC dl).i crro·ng ve n<:>i dung cua gia phil lrong ccllrgiai dap s6 1. .

T~1c chcp gia ph:i ngay nay chi ·con cllrqc dny tri o· me) I s6 1~ia dlnh tll'tmg d1ii kha ll,va d6-la m<)l. cii/im clt\ng U1ic, khong nbi.i·ng gin phii <'\1 tha h6a. cac gif.y li•'n lt¢ va tlnh <loan kct gHht l!t\c llu\n thuQc·lt·ong: giu diuh, nhu·ng dti·ng vC ph1ro·ng cli$n siT h9c, nhi~u khi lihir' cac gin phR, mil ngily.nay biCt aU'<;l'C kiJa nhieu di~m quan lrc;m'g Jfen h~ kh6ng nhfrng dOn S!J:

nghi~p va cliri song cua cac danh nhiln mit con aen Cll nhii'ng hien.co h·oog Jjch srr nu\ cac be) siT chiuh th1i·c cua ().n6c si'r qulm chi ghi chep vil.n tilt ho~c thien s6t hilo.

Vi~c chCp gia phB. drrqc 'thgc hi~n nhu· tM ni\o ?

Nhrr Uy Ban C6 Van An L~ dli tra liri, gia pha drrqc lam thimh nhie1i ban, m:6i bil.n giao cho. m<)t nglmh vii. do ngn·iri au hrrO"ng hoa ngh7a'la c6 ph(ln sg ph~mg tg h·ong nganh ay phili gifr. Ban chimh gin phil do ll'lrlrng nam nglmh trrro·ng' giii: vii phiii lrru lrfr (y nha thir h9. Trong gin ph~ phai ghi chep tat ca cac vi~c xay ra Lrong d/l'i moi ngtriri than ihn<)c trong h9 : · nhrr cac vi~c si11h, hi·, gia thti va · cac sg nghi~p t11i

·thgc hi~n. ·

l\iili nam, dtc tMn lhuc)c deu h9p i;•i nha thir hQ vii clio hi~t nhii:11g vi~c mgi ua xay rn trong ng<lnh. Ngu·M tro-&ng· t(>c ·

. cho ghi cluip tat cil..sit ki'¢~ ay vao' .trong ban chluhciJa gia pha;.

Cir-15 nam·, ·ngrriri trll'&ng·t{,c ph:ii h\'Ji hQp ·c6.c tUn t(>c, th~u g6p.cac blin gia ph:i. cim cac chi nganh l~ong hQ, ·a.e dtic. Mtl~i cho khoi thieu,. s6 t. · . · · . · · . ' ·. . . :, ·

; .

.. .

: . .

··.· .· Cir 30.nlim thl gl(l phn· dugc liim ll).i m(\t Illil. Nh.it sg gh( · <: '·: chep gin .phil dt,rgc luOn luO!l· bll k~uyet viJ. tili '!l).p smi miii thiri . ·· , : ;; ; ·.:

:.·~;}82 :. .. · , . . ... ~.~.; <~.-: .· ·.· •. , ... ·. :L·.::;.::.;; ... ~i.~ .. ::~:-.::::3:3~~~~~)~~

:.:

•-.'

....

ky 30 niim, nen cac ~>ia phi\ Iii m<;\t qgn\)n tili Ji~u rat day dil. · va quy Mu cho tat c.-~ c:ic thfm thu\\c trong gia t\;c.

Ci.ch eht\p gia pha thrrcrng ttro·ng l~ trong mc;.i gia dinh . . Quyen gia phil thtrimg gllm c6 hai phau. Phan thti· nhilt gom cac

<lieu tllng quat n<ht cao m\tC dich tt·ong h9 cac . chi, nhauh, sl}: sinh ho<tl etta giong 1!9 va nhii·ng trrrlmg h<;rp di~c bW n:i.o thl h! tu: ho v.v ...

Phlln thu hai lit phlln chinh yen ghi cJicp cite bit con thAn tlm<)c trong cac dai. Trong phl\u nay. thtrung co m(lt b>in do bi~u. dm)'i hiuh tlnrc ch& 'f l<)n ngrrqc, d~ t6m ti\t ru¢t each Cl.l.

the cite "'~' u:.,n 11¢ ph\t ti'r. 'fhl dt.l :

0 Phl).lll g (K:<) I

Ph1,tm D (C\q 0 I 0 Ph(lm C (Ong) I 0 Phl).m B (Cha) I

0 0 0. 0 0 1 2 3 4 5. (CAc con)

Ph.Giap Ph. At Ph.Binh . Ph.Binh · Ph.M;ju

Ngoiti do bi~ll miy, d6i song Cllll moi ll~Qt tluln thu<)c dtr<;rc chep rlit trr6·ng tl,\n. Dtr6'i t<\n h9 mlli ngrril'i, ngoiti ngity, th:ing, naru, con ghi cii gio· sinh ·va gill'. cbet. ChOn· cilt o· di\.u ciiug

· .dlfQ'C chcp minh b~ch. .. · ' ·

Nguo·i· ~9' ciing· du:()·c ghi chep trong gia phU day du nhll' · tr~n vii con glii clnl.. tMm ve giu ciinh ben hQ vq. .

B<H vil'i cac con, h,ti ghi . ~5 ai la dlch tii· du9·c giii:. phan htrang hoa, ai lit con \lnr hay con nuoi ·v.v... ·'

... ·Nhifng ng.;O·i ~on uao . vi' hu· _hOng bj fit:, clii1~ phd( ghi. chep rl:i trong gia pha. ·

. . .... S.f ch'ep.· gia phil lr<lllg ((tC j~ dfi neu cho ta tiJay. r(i VIIi ll'O · ci'm·ngu·o'llc)c trt;rO:ng-vit ci'm H<;\i Bong Gia t¢e mil Ju~t phftp ngay. MY c6n cht1 tr<;>ng t6i. · . . . . · ·

. 183,

. : _:'/ ... ·_: .· ; ·:

TIET Tf-JU H.11'' Slf PI-iAN BI~T TQC TRU'ONG, T6N TRtrONG

VA GIA TRUONNG

A.- Yijoc tru:o·ng theo .. nghia de,n Ia ngtrlri trtr&!'g ~9. Gii\i clap v~ 1•i\n de nay (elm hoi sll 2), Uy Ban ell van An I~ da ghi n/w· mm ; «Y~ plmo·n·g di<)n thlr h.r, ngtrOi t¢c lru&ug hayngtrlri tru·D-ug (r)c lit ngtrOi con cltdn nhftht Lu(H nh5l ~rung ng~\uh ciL N!!triti con diim trong ng/mh ci\ dtrqc lam t(>c h·u·o·ng mijc dan c6n cJ:u Me:, hof.ic. Ong Clu\, Oug Bac. n¢i. Ngtl"i>"i tc}~ tmo·n3 c\i.t.•r; c:b llc!lla m(>t tre vj tho\.ul1 ,,;~n.

Ngu·iyi i.Qc i.ru·O·rig c.iu·Q-c coi lit ng~r6'i nOi dOi C)ng Tt:\ chnng, vii chi c6 ph:j.n s~· llman hi)' tho· phung. ,VCti dnnh ngh!a ily, tc)c !mang ilH"(fC giiun thii Vii qnan lrj phan lai·· san hu·o·JJg han. ·

Ve m~t Dan ln~t. ngu·o·i "t¢c trtrc'rng l~h6ng c6 lll(li ph{m Sl! gi v~ vi~c <.Ion doc, coi s6c huy qnan trj "gin dinh, lrl'r lnrirng hc;rp ngtrlri lgc lrtril'l1g uong thi:l'i Ia ngm'ri ton tmt>'llll trmig h9. . . ..

B- Ngll'ai tau trU'irng mcri th:).t Ill ti"gtri:i•i -dti·ng dllu .lrong h9, va thtrc{ng Ia ngtrlri than tlmc)c l6:u: tuoi nil>H, c6 uy quyen nhat IHiy giim kinh nghi~m hhnt. Ng!l'iri ton · trrro·ng thtrlrng <1trqc <:hQnlrorig ·ngimh giln nhiit ·Ong·. To chung. Sg ltya ch<,>n kh6ng eo hinh thti·c minh thj mil chi Ia m¢t SJt tlrO'ng thu~n mij.c Ill! gifi·a.hit con citng n"ffimh, hay ciwg hQ (lity trtr&ng hgp phai l~ta. chQn ·ngtril"i l6n lrtril·ng trong m(ll ng:l.nh hoy trong to:in th~ h<,>). Tieu chnl\n lga ch9n ion tmo·ng. ciing ldtong nhilf dj.uh nlm trong vj~c.I\l·a ch9n t(\c tmii·ng.·· Tr<ll1g mc)t so g"ia dlnl1, ngl)'('li tu din cl1· vit.o iufii, hO'n Ht vao ehtH}· ltr6't~ d!a vi · lr<mg xft h.i)i. Trong ml)l so gia d.lnh kh<\.c, ngn·qc h)i, ngtrlri

· la ·lr9ng l!!·o·c· (ugh) a lit chu:c .ltrcrc) hO'lz 11'91111 xl (tu·c lit ln<'>i). Thong ilnrirng. ngtrcri ta. clin ct'r ca vao tulli, chu·c tu:crc, ~iip h\lc, than thu¢c, ll)' llri" mit ugcrb'i. t6n·ti·m}ng c6 h·ong gia dlnh. .

1

· Ng~rll'i. ton· trtr&ng tri¢u · i:,\.p vii chi't tQ~ h(li <.long gin "l~c .. ·vit dtrgc hoi y.I,len ve "ct\C "van d~ quim· trQ.ng lrong gili. dlolt

,, · nhtr"lam gia.thtl, cMc th,;, pli~n·chia tiii- Slin, cil6n ·c1it, ·Ciii ~tang,V.y... · .·· .: ·:.:. :·, .. ,..=~

,.; . ' . ' '

_-. ; :'.: :::,::.<t)~.::JH~:;;~ 184" :. ::",·: . ·~ .·· ... ·:·•\ : - .·

... ::, ' .. ·.' ~: -,:::: .. <. .. ..

~ ... · .. ·-:);< .:·::· .. :.-~.: .. ,

•

II II

NgrrOi t<)n trU'O·ng irOog eoi ciic trt~ vj t.bUnh nii!H mO tOiJ Jam CO vi'[n cho G!\C ngu·(d qu:i. ph\!, !hay mijt ~oic Vj thl\nh nien troug cac. vu ki~n c•\o vit khi cite con chau co vi~c phiii ki¢n cue cha nw, · thi ngn·oi ton trtro·ng thay ro(il.

. .. - ., ~. . 0~ Nani l)hJn: viln fht,!O r..Ty !::r..r.;. co vU:u } ... u. 1~, \:.{tC vh<)ll s;._r

C:t lren i\li dimh cho n,gtrM trmYng t¢c. Nlmng ngirO'i lnr&ng !Qc·p. trong Nrtu.t chl11h lit ngn·Oi. tOn tnrO·ng (t·Dfic phUn, .vi~

- vai tr6 ciia ngn··)·i tnrf.mg t{JC 0· lrong Nam tlly thu(>c phUn l6·n vao ca nhan, diu vi x1i. h¢i, va ny quycn o· trong gia dinh.

C.-· IGi"· !n.o·i\·ng.- Ta c:iing ·nen phil.n bi<)l .nglriri. (<'u~ trrro·ng v&i ngm'ri gia tru·6-ng .

. Theo Uy hun Go vnn A~ lt), «gial> !a t~p the cac than: thu<)c drr&i .m.:>t n6c nltii. Ngm'ri gia tl'lli'mg dtrng dan m{lt gia· dlnh da bi~t h,\p o· rieng nlni: vf).y, vi!. co tr:lch nhi~m rieqg v6'.i tn: · 'each ay. . . . .

Tuy Clui hay 6ng viin c:6 uy quycn vS phtro·ng · diiju tinh than doi v&i cite con hay c<lc chitu, nhrrng ch!nh nhii:11g ngu·oi nay m6'i Ia g.ia tmo·rig doi v6'i gia dlnh rieng ma hQ da l{IP. ra ..

Ngn:'ai gia trrr&ng c6 ph;J.n sg ph\tug tg cha m11 va cac tl> lien n€u Iii con lm&ng ngauh trrr&ng, Nen chl Ia con tmlrng. lrong m('>t ngimh, !hi chi phai ph1t'ng tg cha m~ m•l thoi, Neu· cha ID\l va Oug N(ii con song, !hi h<;> khOng . c6 ph;).[\ sg. phung tg, nhii:ng nghla V\t nay ·do Cha Orig ·dilm nhi~m. Trang kht.Cha Ong con s6ng, ngu:iri gia tmo·ng de cac bf!.c nay_lo liett tilt c<\ cac nghi thixc vll·hqn nhan tong Lang._

Ngiril'i gia tm&ng don deic tr6ng coi -tu~ ca cac vg con, ya.' eli. c:\c anh chj em clma ni 0' rillng. . ·. . . •'

I • "• \• '

Ngtriri gin tnrihig G6 quy~n lir con, khi co nhil'ng Jy do chlnh <limg, J;Ilmng ph:.H d\l'a cac ly do ay cho cac' lila an ·x~t t~rr6·c. •. ·. . . .

. Bi5i v&i S\f qnan trj tili snn trong gia. dinh & dir&;' quylln ngrr6'i gin tmang; ngtrlrl nay ,c6 tciau qnyllu.· . .

:.Tr~u day h\.'y kien-ciia.U,B.C:V.A.L. vll.dja vi viqJh~n.s~t, · ·· .. qnyllu h~J.n.cli!l ngrr_a(gia tru'o·ng (C!l.u gi.U.dap.s(i 4). Tnyuhien; ;·. ·. '. . :>:et n{>i dung 'can giai dap llay,_ h·ong vi~c: tir con,.la ribl).n t4ay::: .. · .. ;_;

" '· ,·, . \.·· . . .· .. : .... . .·,: ... · ·_ .. ,_-:_ .. ;'_·;)'i;::~~~t~~~ .:··. :. · ... ~·.:.· :· . . ··.·. ~: ·{'. ;~ ,,. . , .. : .. -~ .. . :::.

U.B;C.V.A.L. dii chji1 !nh huo·,;g 'cttc h(>i. vi~n 111 ngulri. Phap .. ThzycN~y, troug di--ln(l.t vlt !\WI~ Vi~t-Nam, viec tir con.lil me>t vi¢c holtl:J to•\n .Llm(i" qnylln himh ciw ngirO'l t(ia trmhg. Khi c6 ngn·o-i con _bill hieu trong gia dinh, Hgtrll'i gin tnro·ug quyet dj;,_h vi¢<i nay troug kbuon kho gia dinh, .khopg phili dem ra toa an.

Khi U.ll.C.V.A.L. c1trgc thlmh 1(\p vao .nam 1927 d1! th!lu th~ip cac i\IC I~ eli ct'1a ta, phl\n dong cac hQi vien dllu lit thli.m philn .ngubi Ph:\p,_ ho~c C<\c vien cht'rc Philp trong ng(lch cai trj : h(>i vien Yi¢t-Nam chi glim vai vj qnnn T1lng IHJc hayTulin phi\ (lt\·c Ia_ Chi'i Tinh) va m(>t viti nhit tri tlni·c (0." BU.i ITy, Ph1)nt Quyuh, ·Nguy~n vv.n Vinh).

Tuy IU\;C tUm cua lly-ban. lit gl>p 'nht.tl !rung !hlJ'C. ti,IC 1¢; "~hirng ta,d1i'thay hi¢n ro;·qna c:l.u giili dap ·tren, xu hmmg citn' · Uy-bim ·muon thftu li()p qnyen h~;n· 'cita ngixlti gia· trtr&ng frong vi¢c tir con. Be quyen niiy kbi\i c6 tinh each qui\.· d{lc ·ao{ni v1\

· ph it h9·p vo·i tinh thlln. m&i cua phap In~ l 'hi~n !(li, t'6n tr9ng ·quyllu IQ'i c[Ia cac ca pnan troug gia diuh n8n U.B.C.V.A.L da tl•llm vito dien ki~n ngu'.b'i gia tru:i'mg pha\ du·a cite IY. do h'r

.. con· cho cac toa an xf!t. truiYc xem c6 chinh daug hay kMng. · Ngoai dj~m noi trll;1, nhO· c6 · cac cfm gi.ili dap. ciia U.B.

'C~ Y .A.L: cMng ta da c6 m¢.t y ki6n ro ve dja vj· va ·quyen himh .· ciia ngrro·~ t(>c tru:o;ng ciing nlnr cim ngub'i gia tn~&ng, :

·n JJr 'l'HU .a,t HQ!. ·soNG GIA TQC

Trong vi~c cbt\p gio..pM, ciing'nhrr theo' Y. ki~n. ciia U.n.· .C.VA.L. trong nhfrng·vi¢c quun tro.ug li~n. M den gia dlnh nlni· gi<i tin\, chlic thu·, phul~ chia liti san, tong 11\ng, t:ai h\ng v.v .. _. 'HQi dqng_ gia t<)e thwo·ng <ltr9'c ngub'i Ton tmo·n~'tri~u t~¥·

··:,. ·Trcing hai h(l Jri~t 'fiong-Btre. va Gia-Long kbOng .c6. ni(lt · . . dien khoan nao an ·dinh minh bach 'thlmh phun cua h(li dliug _gia t(lc. . . . ·: .. . · · · . · .

uy bau ·co va!l An ie, tr~nil giUi nltp so 235 )fa: :cho bi1>t: aTh6ng thuil'11g !1¢i dling gia' t(lc gam c6 ll,tan thu(lc beu h9

..... ' ./ ···.·· ........ . ·-: . : . (

II II

nQi glin tihUt, ngh'i'a lh cac. Ong Hit, cite clu'1 lHJc, t.'~H~ eO hac dit dii. di Hfy chOng, c~ic anh. ch!, c·i~ anh en~ IH.l. S~ hieu di\\n ct'm ci1c thf\11 llm<)c dan M khong bat hn(lc. Ni\n !chong co hi\ con gliu, thl Tl<)i <li'Jng gia t<)c gom nhii·ug thi\u tJnu)c · X:l ho•nll

Ngity nay, theo dfi.u lu~t hi¢n t::ti, c:ic vi,~c ainh U\·, gUt lh(L dilu do vi<\u H1\ L•!i glti chep !llinh h:J.ch trong c1ic so hi) ljch

"' theo nhiing hint. lhU:c hH)t djnh va bitt bn(>c. C:\c ch1i·ug thb, lH,\ tjch !a loi d[u chli·nt: duy rihat vll cac st~ ki~u noi tren ; do d6, lrong ctiln ln:)t khong hl.\t hu(lc cac gia dinh phai ghi: gia plut

Tuy nhien, v[n con m(lt so gia dinh !H!p l\IC chep gia' phil, · d~ duy tri tinh doan ket giii·a cac than thu¢c v1i uhat !a d~

_ nh6- cite ,gill (ky,) ciia c:il: b~c Ton trm'mg da khuiit bong.

,Ngay trong d:l.u lu(lt lli<)ll h)i, khi plul.i diln cln'rng' cac lien M gia uinh d6i v6·i c·ac than thu(lc chet ali l:l.u, nlm tt·ong cac V\1 ki~n vll thira ke v:i hua-ng hoa, :\.n 1~ tuy kh6ng blit phai xnat trlnh gia phil., nlmng cMi' nMn cho cac ·ngrr<rj dtro-ng Sl)'

dtrgc xuat trlnh m(lt 10· tung chi tti:c Ia m(lt tM· dlJ bi~n chi rii cac lh!l-n- thu(lc !rang h9, dl'l minh cht'mg ·u~n li¢ cua cac d~ro-ng sg (!Oi vir! ngn·<ri ch<it. To· tong chi do ba ngu·ai co. tu1Ji trong h9 hay trong lang l(lp ra va 'ltrQ'C lmo-ng c)11i·c !hi ih,_c (Van de tong chi se drrQ'C de c~p den trong clmo·ng trinh dan ln~t).

-- To· tong chi nay chi !a di tich ban dll hi~u cua gia ph~ .. trong lite 1~. -

Ngoai ra, dit.n lul;\t hi~n l(li ·cling qui ,tlnh vll vai tro ci'ta. ngu<ri T¢~:.. tmcmg vii cua II(>i Bong gia l\lc. Tuy nhi<ln, vai.tr6-cita T¢c lruil·ng dli hi tim h~p nhi~u d~ pln'l·hgp v6·i tinh than

. ciia nl!n dan lul;\t m6-i, toil l'l'911g qn yen lql cil'nhan ci'in cac' than' -thuc?c trong gia dinh. Ngtrirl T¢c tmcmg chi c6n gilr vai tr6 dr.ti' . di~n cho c:lc con c)u'm trong nhii-ng V\1 p)u'ii ki~n Ong Ba, :cha _ m~, vi hil;\f phitp hi~ll t;.d vfi~ mn\)il-.dtiy. trl d(lo. ly c1l truyeri: : ~on·g muon <!.!l cho con eMu dtrQ'c trw:. ·.tiel> dua Ong-·J3a_, (::ha:_::::.: m~ ra tm&c c.ong ly;-du i:6 ly do cliinh -dang: · ·- ·_,- -, ''

i. . .; . ...: ~-.... ··::::_:·.: ~=-~

:: :<{- -:' -i.-: ··-_, ".-:, • .. ,: --. . . ,-< -.:::;':\,: _'_:,,:_:J~.~~;;~~~~~Jt~

I

·1 I

!

Lloi v&i H?i Bong ·gia t¢•1•·tuy w '!"'"' nity &u9·~ duy tri · trong hinb. !hue nhung quy~n hl,ln · {{8 hi tluiu h~p 11!-i _d~ .chi '-'<m •imyc.gino ph6 ~ho · m<)t nhi~m Vt.t m6·i, v<ln. mtrgil !rang cl;lu lnqt ciia Til.y phtro-ng. B6 1:\ nhi~m VtJ tham dg vito sg gi,\u.t hi) ciw cac Ire vi thimh uien mit cha h"Y m~ dfi mat.

Oi1n sao, qua· sg ·nghien ctht elta gia dinh tl"fJng .C6 lu~t, \ c:.l!~tng !n cling uhl).n ihffy r:lng st;r qni CJ!nh hi~n d~ti ella ch\n lu(tt, nji,IC d1iu tham nhulin cil.c nguy8n. Lfic bat>\'<) quyiln lgi cii.a · ca nh:tn thea Tay phmmg, ciing clnra t10l,\D \uy¢1 hfiu v&i cac

·truyen' !Mag Cl!a ell ltl~t trong nhi.fng .. van de·dien M.uh gia dlQh.

Kih· l.YAN v~ war· GIA ;slu>Ju TRONG ~~::6 PHAP . . •. . ' . . . Tuy Mt nguou b· quan nic)m _.ciia · Kh1ing ·giao coi: gia · dlnh

lit neri ·-t>l.ng ciia qui5c gia vlt_ ciing chju anh huo·ng cita lu(lt ,• nha Dn·•'mg, s_ong co· ht(ll Vi~t Nam, nhiit lit Q- du·o·i !rillu Le, dii ililo luy~u dtry-c inc)t nl!n phitp eM vira pltu h9·p v6'i cac t(lp llJc truycn thOng etia th\u .t(lc, virn hi~n !¢ m<;\t nen ky tlm(tl linh vi. . ·

. J:)u&i · nien hi~u Hong-Bti·c, uhil l(lp phftp· dii. qui di!'h. minh thj cac nghi II; gia thl't, daub dun m(lt Win h9 lim dqi v6i nen p!ulp eM . c[ui Titu. ~(hong con o· trong' tr(lng thai' 1\tc I~ nlnr .trong 'lu~t Trung-Ho::i, ct\c .nghi I~ ni.ty dii ])11'6-c qua giai do(ln ·phjirdn(tt u;anh van. Ho·n· nil-a, sung !den cim rihli lam In:.\ I lho·i I-Iong-B&c · ilfi tinh gi•i.rn m:¢t each linh d<)ng ya dfi tuy~t· diOn · thich trng c>ic ·nghi -II! trong kinh sach cii.a 'Nho gh\o cho·phit hqp v&i tluh tqng xu h(li vit phong t\tc cua dan !¢c. NhO· nhi'i·ng di,lc di<im· D.ity, . Stf: q\ti ujnh Cl!U .trieu Le ve gin thu. con tli<:t t:)i den ngily nay drr&i hilth !lui'<: t\tc 1¢ vil. trai qua han nhii,u str thang tram trong ljch si'r nu\· vftn . !chOng. bien ilbi s~c tliai, · : . . .

Nh~ti. x'et tre;, day· ciing ih\ng doi v&i ph~m vi' Vil tl'i chll·c cim gia clinh V1¢t _Nam noi chung; Tuy nhi\·ng ap . h:rc ciia· m¢t·

. di>'i.·sO.ng.mili ngay in(it kh6 khan vlt ch;)t v~l ho-n da.thil h~p. · trong thgc. te pn::un vi ~:,ria dlnh cling nhu si5 c:;,c. than .Uitit)c . · . chung·: son_g vo·i nhan'dtriti quy~n nguo·l gia lrlro·u'g; song 'qu~n .

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-·· ... · . . . .. :---. ·: .. - . . . . ..

. ... : "·!-. ·.·-. ·- '•

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IIIII

ai,~m cila ta v0 !.Pn tllnh va .cltr. m61 tu:unp; qunu t4Hi·a cUt~ thii.n lhn(le viln chua l.hi1y d6i.

. Vfin hiet rl'ing qrwn ni¢rn c{m Kh<>ng gino v0 gi;l diu·h vtlo nhliJn mt,tc dkh phue V\l cl1l~ dQ q11~ln chl1 phong ~dCn \:i'l lw-n uii·a. cnf;c: ti~n l11):, t~t!~"!. !ir:h f}it o.15 vz~e:h. ii) nhit3u tlilhu lUi thi')·j, st.mg dtl~t ~an, eiJjJg vfiu. cOn ).U(1l sq: th lJC mil l~hfJng ai '(;l'l tht! ehOi c_m du·9·r. ; gia dlnh bf).q giO· .r.lh1g la ni1u tfiug citu .s.fi h1)i.

-· Ta pluli nhln uhi)n rl\ng dili vo·i gia <Unh Vi~.t Nam lll(lC

<11lu cite biliu thien h·ong thcd ky c:)n dl).i ve plllr<l'llg di~u kinh l<.~, 'xti hgi, ·vl:in hila va ch1nh lli, nfEp trt!ye.n ihCing d1 vftu c6n l;_)u l(_ti: ainh ii1iiu gi.a tlll1h jc.il;.tt idwng v;ln cbn. tl;1iim nlm:lu srill r(l11f~ c.:'tc t:'wg lb·p d~ln dtlmg. 'Nt:u hit;t JJ,j I.Cl uhih1g dH'>m l~c lu}u quil ditng. linh tlt!l.n gia Uinh 1[y !thong phi\i l:li(\ug co nhii·ng sac !hili cao. (jllf mil hilt lui)n. xa h(>i. ml.q cfing .phai Hfy hi.m ki~u hanh. 1.

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r .--:- Chfp gia ph,l La mV! I~ bitt nguOn tl.r tl/in ? · z.-- Cdc!t clLJp gia phd dn'iJ'r: tlu;c hi§;;- nhtr. the ntw ?

3·- T!)c tru:&-ng glii· val ira gl~? 4·'- TOn trU"O>ng gift vai tril ·gl f .

' 5.- Gia trU'O>ng·giii' vai trb gl?

6.- HPi liii;fg gia tiic cd -val tril g\?

!I-· '!'i~llil VJJ.Ij.N :

·'

Trang. Sf! {lieu; hlmh cila gia dinh, hiiy to,;. tilt ~de sac tllqi czla-s~' doim· · kct ch/jt eke cdc thdn. tlzuvc ·qua : ·· · ·

· t)_ T~c cMp gia pht!, ..... :.~)... r ai t~l! czia. ngl.f/ri. tile trtr,~llg, :iall . trU"o·n~.va gi~·~rl.fO>ng, -:

. j) ·.Quyen h(Ul ciia li~i ll.~ne.. gia '*'' · · : · · ' ' · :,:· · ·

--~·- . . .~. ·. . . ,_. .. .;.. ,; '•: _:·~::··.;' .··. :_..· .. · ... :~ .. ~-.:.·.· ... :.:t.·.· .. ~.~'~·····~'~.-.' .. :.~1; ·--~~<t~-~~:::t~~-,:.~:·>··:~~ .. ; __ . :• .·... . .. ~- '\~': ' .. ·.. ~

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MTJC .LTJC

6 ?

. 'lf!U' ~!PHA~'"$U' . LUI)! ~IA-!EJIUNH TRONG CO-:P-HAP

- Qunn .ni~i"n ham hiin .vll Diln-lul)t vA Hlnh-lu(lt - .Cac ngulln g<k li~u he den ln:J.t Gin-dinh 1 rong

· cil phap

THIEN THU NHJ1T: T!EU GDA Dim~

Ch~rung !,_. GIA T~U Phon ch!TO'ng 1.-.-S(r Ire/ hQ·p gia lhl'l

Tft,t 1 : Billu ki¢n vll n<)i dung gh\ th\t -'- Cac dil!u ·ki¢n gia tlni do quyl!n l9i

Ci'ta B!).i Gin Binh. . . · . . - C>\c dil!u kien-··gia thu do quyl!n ic;rr

4

8

13 17.

17

17·" .

tun hai vq chong ' 34 · Ti1it 2·: Hlnli tlui·c gil\ thU ·.• ·.47" · ·- Sv: ht'ra gin thU.h:i.y:•d.lnh Mn · · 47

. . - Nghi' Iii gia tini . · :. . . ·, . 54· ·. . . . Ti~t 3 ; Cac 'si! eM tlti vl! <lie~ ki€~~ gh{tM~ '58 ..

· · .Ti1it·4': Billii(~4ct'rng gia tM". ·. . .. 60 ·

.. 0 ... · ...

,._:::..; ·· · · ::~,:·:: · cr~ui~u:'kh~~(~'(,\,) : i..hl)t tiong i{;a. thu . · : :65

>. '·:<·. ··i'han ·~f1irang.·lj;_.,•~:·Hi4nltrc:czi"ci":~d th"u~' :> . · 69 · · • •: I • 'I_. I ' ." • •'

0 •, • 'N ."• I ', ',, ,: • ' ' ',

·.· . ·-.;:·., >· ·· ,;:;:- N(lhla ~l,l·d~n.~ CU;J;"'- , . . ::_.·~};',:'· . 71 . . . '·· .. · .. ::.· . ,. . . : -·~·'Nghia V\Y:pli:U tro• : · ·: · · ... }'~ ··* . 76 . · ·

i~JitE?'i/:-ifi~~~::~:~~"·~· ····.···· ••· ;:.",:~.·· ,.; ..•

-·

-·

II II

Chlf<>'llg !1.-- XUJT 1'fili o;l r,Y D!

Tiiit 1 : Cac dll)·l;n co· ly hon ·-·- Xufi't I hi~ h.rv dly "'tq· - Thu:.)n tin it iy hOu

Ti'f.l 2 : C•\c hi¢'' llt'-' ly hon - Hi~at h,,·c. J.y htm tt~(illg clj--lU~1l Trnng

Hoa ~ Hi~ui,rc ly hun lrong cU-h1(1l v:l h)c

10 ViN-N.am

o"'""'"!J m.-~ 1·1;- u~; 'l'iiit .1 : Tu· h~ chinh Lh<•·c

Ti~l 2: Ti'r ],~ ltt sinh

Tift 3 : Con nu\ii hay du·iYng l{t

- NghTa du·<:ing trong ln6t nM L6 -- Nghia dtril·flg. tt·ong lu;}t nh~t NguyE;n - Ngh'ia dtril·ug trong L\t!) !~ ·

_ THll?N THU fl!l f : D~B Gi.A DliiJ.H

Clurung 1.- GiG LO~lf THAN TlfUQG -Cue thi\n lhuqc ben nOi hay n<)i thil.n - C:ic thin llm(ie ben ,)go\li h1.1y ngo(li .

. lli~

-· CilC than .lhu\)c ben vg

Ch~o·ng.l!.- TEI:AN :e;fr/r; i•<l TAfVG ])Hf!C ·

T.tet.t: S~o qnl djnh tang eM trong lu(ir : -: ,. ._ H(lhg--Bfrc

Ti'iii 2 : Stt qui djnh t~rig ·chi'! tr.oi1g ht~t -·~- : · ·· -~- . · . ·Gia-Long

Ti'Ct 3 : Tirih than: qui t!jnh · tang eM · frong C~-ln~t

84

85 85 . 03

100

·100 .. ' ~02

105

lOG

. 1.12 118 11!)

127

t:lO

135 137

139 140 .. 143

145 .. -~

156

.. 157. ::I

'~ . _Ch.,.O'ng ·m._~ Hi$U,-LVC THAN T(JC . . .. · ::<16ci,: ;;.j

t,:_';;;,;:, ·:'i:-<· '- J'W.1 : Fl,~~l!JtJc ciia thAn_ f(l~vl! pl;.u:arig·,;,.<,, );~p:j ,~\1,~;;~~;;~:.;i;/ ;-; ';: '·>·; ";: _: .. :' ., . 1 · ~ _ ·:. }i~n h\nh_s.y;;, ,;:;._:~6!j;~';ZJ

1

.·.·:: '::..

- Trach · nhi~m tij:p thll cua thl\n toe !rong. mgt so lrtrl>'ng hQp dJ.Ic"bi~t .

- Thiln tOe li(m(lt .. yeu.tii ll1! gia giam hlnh phl).l

- Stt x~p lol).i cac thl\n Uui¢c vll · hlnh sq:

Tiel 2 : Hi¢n ll;rc Clla thAn ti)c ve phrro-ng di~n dan sg_

- Hi~u i~Jc·. cim thAn li)c v1! plnro-ng .. cli<?.n h\i sun

· · -- Ili~u l~c ci111 !hfin i.j<' vll Jlluwng <'li~n nhan thll.n

ICET LU,{N VE BM Glrl BiNH

167

169

170

172

l?a

' t7ll

"177 .,

THitN Tllfl' BA ·: sv ·oiii:u 1-lANH GIA olNH • ~ A •

.. . .

.,

l"RONG CO I...V~ T"

Tif:l 1 : Gin ph8. · · Tiel 2: SIF pban bW T~c trrro·ng, T6n

_ · · · .. · fru:i'mg iw y Gin lr.u:ci-ng -TiiJt .3 : f!Oi llllng gi~· f(lc

l •.. ·

... ·. '- .

I I

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lS1· 18-1 186

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;·: _:. ·:; ::~;: .-_~ .-. ·. •'

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·.~·· .. _ .. : ... :', ... ;. :v: ... u~·~.:\ ., '! ,, '1, ~- .. -:-:. : .<:··-· . ..

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