Disclaimer - Environmental Clearance

Disclaimer

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale

This EIA report is prepared as per terms of reference (ToR) issued online by the Ministry of

Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MOEF & CC) dated March 26, 2021 to M/s.

Rajarambapu Patil Sahkari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd., A/p Sakharale, Taluka Walva, District

Sangli, Maharashtra 415414.

DISCLAIMER

This report has been prepared by Vasantdada Sugar Institute (VSI) with all reasonable skills,

knowledge, care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the client (Project

Proponent) as per the terms and conditions mentioned in work order. The report was

discussed in detail with the project proponent before finalization. This EIA report has been

prepared using information received from Client, collecting primary data and compilation of

secondary data from available resources. VSI is not responsible for the origin and authenticity

of all the information received from the Client.

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Compliance of Terms of Reference for expansion of molasses-based distillery from

75 KLPD to 150 KLPD.

M/s. Rajarambapu Patil Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. (RBPSSKL) Rajaramnagar, Sakharale, Tal. Walwa Dist. Sangli -415 414

(Maharashtra) Terms of References granted on March 26, 2021 (received online). A. Model to Rewarded for distillery by MoEF&CC

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report/Document

1. Executive Summary Prepared and bound separately and submitted along with EIA report.

Prepared and bound separately.

2. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation

Vasantdada Sugar Institute Manjari (Bk), Pune, Maharashtra-412307 Accredited by QCI/NABET; Certificate No.: NABET/EIA/1720/SA 106

EIA report cover page

3. Information about the project proponent

M/s. Rajarambapu Patil Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. (RBPSSKL) was established in 1960’s. It is one of the progressive cooperative sugar mill. The management successfully operates three more sugar mills, in addition to the one at village Sakharale (i.e. total four units).

Details are given in Chapter 1, Point. 1.3, pg. 1-1.

4. Importance and benefits of the project

Ethanol is important bio-fuel to save import of crude oil. Government of India is encouraging ethanol production for Ethanol blended petrol programme. Direct employment for 50 and indirect employment is sizable. Increase in distillery capacity will be beneficial to all sugar units of the Management to improve their financial capacity.

Project benefits are given in detail - in Chapter 8, pg. 8-1 and 8-2.

5. Cost of project and time of completion

Capital Investment Rs. 10424.09 lakhs

Project cost details are given in Chapter 2, Point. 2.8, pg. 2-32 and Table 2.16 pg. 2-32.

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Approx. six to eight months after obtaining environmental clearance

Project Schedule given in chapter 2 table 2.4, page 2-11

6. Products with capacities for the proposed project

RS/ENA/Ethanol and Impure spirit: Maximum 150 KLPD

Details are given in Chapter 2, Table.2.2, pg. 2-4 and 2-5.

7. If expansion project, details of existing products with capacities and whether adequate land is available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any

Existing capacity- RS/ENA/Ethanol: 75 KLPD, Proposed Capacity- RS/ENA/Ethanol- 75 KLPD Total 150 KLPD, The proposed expansion will easily get accommodated in the existing distillery unit premises

Details are given in Chapter 1 point 1.3, pg. 1-1, for land details refer chapter 2, Table.2.2, pg. 2-4 & 2-5. And table 2.3 pg. 2-10

8. List of raw materials required and their source along with mode of transportation

Raw material Molasses (From own sugar unit) sugar cane from farmers Fuel coal from market (road transportation) If bagasse used as a fuel – it will be sourced from own sugar mill

Details are given in Chapter 2, Please refer to Table No.2.5, pg. 2-11 and 2-12

9. Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and storage capacities

Nutrients 200 kg/day and turkey red oil 600 kg/day. 30 days storage is planned

Details are given in Chapter 2, Please refer to Table No.2.5, pg. 2-11 and 2-12.

10. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and their management

PM and SO2 from flue gasses – ESP proposed for incineration boiler. Dust from coal and ash handling, storage transportation – dust control system, greenbelt development, provision of wind breaks. Effluent spent wash – disposal through multi-effect evaporation followed by incineration OR evaporation, followed by biomethanation followed by composting when juice/syrup to ethanol route will be operated Spent lees, process condensate and other wastewater – treated in CPU and reused. Ash – Given to brick mfg unit sludge – mixed into soil

Details are given in Chapter 2, Point.2.6 pg. 2-23 to 2-31, also refer Table.2.10, Refer Table 2.11 for spent wash characteristics.

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11. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of approval, water balance diagram, man-power requirement (regular and contract)

Water requirement max. 559 m3/day (considering recycle/reuse) Permission from Krishna River MIDC lift irrigation scheme. Captive power of 2.8 to 3.0 MW Manpower-Existing 73 new 50

Refer chapter 2 – point 2.3.2 for Water requirement and water balance pg. 2-12 and 2-13 power generation is give in fig. 2.5 page 2-14 of chapter 2 and power requirement on pg. 2-15 Manpower – point 2.3.10, pg. 2-17

12. Process description along with major equipment’s and machineries, process flow sheet (quantitative) from raw material to products to be provided.

Ethanol manufacturing process is simple. It involves fermentation followed by distillation. Technology is available indigenously.

Process description given in Chapter 2, Point. 2.4, pg. 2-22, figure 2.6 pg. 2-13. Material requirement given in chapter 2, point 2.3 page 2-16.

13. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems

Fire is identified as a major hazard. At the same time other risks were also assessed. Information on the same provided in chapter 7 of the EIA report

Please refer to Chapter 7, Risk identification pg. no. 7-21. Safety arrangement pg. 7-22

14. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including Amendments thereto obtained for the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing /existing operation of the project from SPCB

Copy of existing Environmental clearances dated Oct. 21, 1997 is attached as annexure XII, Existing distillery unit is regularly complying the conditions of consent to operate.

Please refer annexure XII, pg. 86 .

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shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report

15. In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted

Existing distillery unit is having environmental clearance under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994, dated Oct. 21, 1997.

Copy of existing Environmental clearances attached as annexure XII pg. 86.

16. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered

Distillery at Gat No. 1152 1170,1172 Rajaramnagar, village Sakharale, Compost yard at Gat no 191,192, 193, 203, 204, 207, village Urun, Taluka Walva, District Sangli, Maharashtra. Nearness to raw material molasses considered as prime criteria for site selection. Other sites were not considered.

Details are given in Chapter 2, table 2.2. pg 2-4 and point 2.2.1 pg 2-3 for site selection criteria Also refer to Figure 2.1, for location map pg. 2-6 and figure 2.2 for satellite image of the site pg. 2-7

17. A Toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location on 1:50,000/1: 25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places)

The site is covered under Toposheet number E43O8 of Survey of India.

Refer chapter 3, point 3.3.2 pg 3-4 Also refer to Annexure I (b) pg. 2 for Topo sheet.

18. Details with respect to option analysis for selection of site

Option analysis – not required for the project, as the project proponent having adequate land for the proposed expansion.

Please refer to Chapter 5, Point, 5.2, pg. 5-1.

19. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site

1) 17°04'13.96"N & 74°17'24.80"E; 2) 17°04'21.84"N & 74°17'30.41"E;

Please refer to Chapter 3, Point. 3.3.1, pg. 3-2.

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report/Document 3) 17°04'16.06"N & 74°17'35.74"E; 4) 17°04'10.05"N & 74°17'27.95"E

20. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site

Provided in the EIA report in chapter 3

Please refer chapter 3 to Figure. 3.1 & 3.2, pg. 3-3.

21. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/ Complex, layout of Industrial area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate

Layout map is provided in chapter 2. It includes layout of distillery unit and compost yard

Please refer to Chapter 2, Figure. 2.3 & 2.4, pg. 2-8 & 2-9, Layout also provided at Annexure II, pg. 3.

22. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular

Photograph of proposed site and greenbelt are provided in chapter 2

Please refer chapter 2 figure 2.2 a for the proposed expansion site pg. 2.6 and figure 2.12 page 2-33 for existing greenbelt photographs

23. Land use break-up of total land of the project site (identified and acquired), government/private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc. shall be included. (not required for industrial area)

Total plot area of the unit is 75.69

Ha out of which built up area of

existing sugar; cogeneration and

distillery unit is 6.31 Ha built up

area required for proposed

expansion is approximately 1.29

Ha it will be made available from

existing land

Total greenbelt area requirement of i.e. 33 % on total plot area is 24.98 Ha, out of which and unit has already developed approximately 16.79 Ha of area and remaining 8.89 Ha is proposed for greenbelt development during expansion

Please refer to Chapter 2, Table. 2.2 pg. 2-4 & 2-5 and table 2.3 pg. 2-11

24. A list of major industries with name and type within study area (10km radius)

Sakhrale MIDC approx. 0.7 km from the site Land use breakup for the study area is given in chapter 3

Please refer to Chapter 3, Point. 3.3.2.2, pg. 3-6 & 3-7.

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shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study area

25. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area shall be included

The site is located on Deccan plateau. Details provided in chapter 3 –

Please refer to Chapter 3, point 3.5.2 for geology details pg 3-27 and Hydrogology details at point 3.4.2 pg 3-16

26. Details of Drainage of the project up to5kmradius of study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided (mega green field projects)

Drainage map is provided in chapter 3. Site is not located in 1 km of any major river. The nearest river – river Krishna – is approx. 3.6 km from the site

Please refer to Chapter 3 Point. 3.4.2, Figure 3.12, pg. 3-16.

27. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected time of complete possession of the land

Land allocated for the expansion project is within the existing distillery premises. Therefore, it is already acquired by the project proponent

Land details are provided in Chapter. 2, Table. 2.2, pg. 2-4,

28. R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government policy

Not required for the project -

29. Permission and approval for the use of forestland (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department (if applicable)

Permission from the forest department is not required for the project, The project is planned on a private land (non-forest land)

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30. Land use map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha)

Land use map is provided in chapter 3 Forest land not required or used for the project

Chapter 3, Point. 3.3.2.2, figure. 3.5 page 3-7.

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31. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted

No forest land is used for the proposed project. This Term is not applicable for the project.

This Term is not applicable for the project.

32. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden thereon

This Term is not applicable for the project. Wildlife sanctuary or national park is not present within 10 km area of project

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33. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area

Plant or animal species from schedule I of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 – not reported for the study area of the said project. Therefore, this term considered – not applicable

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34. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife

Not Applicable -

35. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site and site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall

This data used for dispersion modeling study for air pollutants – given in chapter 4

Information on dispersion modeling study for air pollutants is given in Chapter 4, pg.4-11 to 4-15 and chapter 3, pg. 3-7 to 3-11

36. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be collected.

AAQ monitored at eight location including project site. Monitoring is done as per CPCB guidelines- covering upwind and downwind directions. Village Sakharale

Please refer to Chapter 3, Table 3.3 Env monitoring features and frequency pg. 3-12 and table 3.4 for monitoring location pg 3-13,

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The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests

considered as a nearest sensitive receptor.

37. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations as per frequency given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report

AAQ monitoring data in the analysed form i.e. min; max, avg and 98th percentile value is provided in chapter 3 of the report. Whereas, raw data is provided as an annexure to the EIA report

Air environment data is provided in chapter 3, point 3.4.4 page 3-21 to 3.-24 Please refer to Annexure IX-A pg. 26 to 41.

38. Surface water quality of nearby River (100mupstream and downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF & CC guidelines

This is Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) project. Effluent will not be discharged into any of the river. Hence, collection of samples from 100 m up-stream and downstream are not applicable. However, samples from Krishna river (Farnewadi) and other five surface waterbodies from the study area were collected and analysed. Details provided in chapter 3.

Please refer to Chapter. 3, Table. 3.7, pg. 3-17 & 3-18 for the analysis results of surface water sample. Please refer Annexure IX-D, pg. 51

39. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified by the CPCB/MoEF & CC, if yes give details

Not Applicable -

40. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8locations shall be included

Ground water samples were collected from 8 locations and analysed. Monitoring location details are provided in Chapter 3

Chapter 3, Table 3.4 for monitoring locations (pg. 3-13) and Table. 3.8 pg. 3-18 & 3-19. For analysis report of ground water samples. Please refer Annexure IX-D, pg. 51

41. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area

Noise level measurement done at 8 locations from the study

Chapter 3, Table 3.4 for noise monitoring locations (pg. 3-13) and

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area. Monitoring location details are provided in Chapter 3

Table. 3.9, pg. 3-26 for noise monitoring results Please refer Annexure IX-B, pg. 42

42. Soil characteristic as per CPCB guidelines

Soil samples were collected from 8 locations and analyzed. Monitoring location details are provided in Chapter 3

Please refer Chapter 3, Table 3.4 for soil monitoring locations (pg. 3-13) and Table No. 3.5, pg. 3-15. For soil analysis report Please refer Annexure IX-C, pg. 43 to 50

43. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc.

Baseline traffic data main road of the factory is provided in chapter 3. Additional traffic due to proposed project is discussed in chapter 4

Please refer to Chapter. 3, Point. 3.8.1, Table No. 3.20, pg. 3-42. – for existing traffic data Refer Chapter 4 point 4.4.1.1 on page 4-7 and 4-8 for probable increase in traffic load.

44. Detailed description of flora and fauna (Terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished

In the surrounding area semi-evergreen and grassland type of natural habitat observed. Agricultural land of about 88% observed in the study area. Details of the same is provided in chapter 3 at point no, 3.6 Schedule-I fauna – not recorded for the study area.

Please refer to Chapter 3, Point. 3.6, pg. 3-29 to 3-32, Annexure-XV for list of flora & fauna existing in the study area. Pg. 101-119.

45. Socio-economic status of the study area

Provided in Chapter. 3, Point. 3.7, Please refer to Chapter. 3, Point. 3.7, pg. 3.32 to 3.41.

46. Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from the stack emission based on site-specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modeling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the

Air pollutant dispersion modeling study was carried out for the project using local met data. Details of the model used and the input data used for modeling and dispersion contours (plotted on the location map) are provided in Chapter 4

Please refer to Chapter. 4, air dispersion modeling on pg. 4-11 to 4-14.

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AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modeling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any.

47. Water Quality modeling - in case of discharge in water body

No discharge in any of the water body as ‘Zero liquid discharge’ will be achieved. Therefore, this term considered not applicable for the project

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48. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or convey or cum- rail transport shall be examined

Transportation part i.e. probable requirement of vehicles for transportation and its impact is discussed in chapter 4. Considering nature and scope of the project – transportation by road is practical approach. Hence, road transportation related impact considered for assessment.

Please refer to Chapter 4, point no. 4.4.1.1 page 4-7 to 4-9.

49. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations, extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules

This part is discussed in chapter 2 at point number 2.6.1 page 2-20 to 2-25. It includes schematic of effluent generation and treatment at Figure 2.5 on page 2-21. Characteristics of spent wash are given in table 2.10 on page 2-20.

Please refer to Chapter 2, Point. 2.6.1, Table. 2.10, Figure. 2.5, pg. 2-20 to 2-25.

50. Details of stack emission and action plan for control

Stack emission estimates are given in chapter 4. ESP will be

Please refer to Chapter 4, Point. 4.4.1.3, pg. 4-10.

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of emissions to meet standards

installed to control particulate matter emissions within stipulated limits.

51. Measures for fugitive emission control

Important measures includes coal and ash transportation in covered vehicles, sprinkling of water in coal and ash storage areas, De-dusting arrangements, wind breaks, asphalting internal road and other arrangements In addition, greenbelt will be developed.

Fugitive emissions anticipated from fuel and ash handling. Hence, the measures related to the same are discussed in chapter 2 page 2-15 to 2-17.

52. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse /recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation.

Spent oil is the only hazardous waste anticipated from the project. Quantity estimated is approx. 200 to 300 LPA. Except ash other solid waste is organic in nature and easily disposable. Fly ash brick manufacturer/s will be identified for giving fly ash. EMP of water and land environment covers the measures for conservation of resources.

Please refer to Chapter 2, Point. 2.6.3 & 2.6.4., pg. 2-31. Also refer chapter 10 – page 10-8 to 10-11 for EMP on water environment and land environment.

53. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided

Ash generation (Maximum) of approx. 22620 TPA is estimated for the project. It will be given to fly ash brick manufacturer, periodically.

Please refer to Chapter 2, Point. 2.6.3, pg. 2-31. Refer Annexure XI pg. 82 to 85 for Ash demand letter from local brick manufacturing unit.

54. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated.

Total greenbelt area requirement of i.e. 33 % on total plot area is 24.98 Ha, out of which and unit has already developed approximately 16.79 Ha of area and remaining 8.89 Ha is proposed for greenbelt development during expansion. Tree plantation of 600 per acre is recommended in chapter 10 (page 10-11) along with species list and other details (page 10-12 to 10-14) at present approx. 10,150 trees are planted at

Please refer to Chapter 2, Point. 2.7 pg. 2-32 & Chapter 10 Point. 10.4, pg. 10-11 to 10-14. Table. 10.3, 10.4 & 10.5, & fig. 10.4, 10.5.

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present and plantation of 27320 trees are proposed within next three years

55. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources

Rain water harvesting details are provided in chapter 10 page 10-14. Estimated rain water from roof top areas is 58975.27 cu.m. per year. Stored water will be used for various activities, such as cooling tower makeup, molasses dilution etc.

Please refer to Chapter 10, Point. 10.5, pg. 10-14, as well as Table .10.6,

56. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution control measures shall be included

Estimated capital expenses on Environment management = Rs. 4905 lakhs and recurring cost estimated at Rs. 245.25 lakhs per annum. Details of the same are provided in chapter 6 page 6-6 and Chapter 10 page 10-20

Chapter 6 page 6-6 and Chapter 10, Point. 10.9, Table. 10.9, pg. 10-20.

57. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall be submitted

Environmental monitoring plan is covered in detail in chapter 6 of the report. Particularly table 6.2 on page 6-3 provides these details.

Please refer to Chapter 6, table. 6.2 on page 6-3.

58. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan

Onsite and Offsite Disaster management plan is discussed in chapter 7 page 7-22 to 7-28.

Please refer to Chapter 7, Point. 7.3, pg. 7-11, Point. 7.4, pg. 7-34.

59. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & safety of all contract and casual workers

Occupational health and safety aspect is discussed in chapter 10 (EMP) at page 10-16 to 10-17. The management has made a provision of Rs. 2.00 lakhs per annum for health checkup in its

Please refer to Chapter X, Point.10.6, pg. 10-17.

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internal budget. It will be increased as per requirement.

60. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre-placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise.

Health status evaluation and periodical checkup is a part of environment management plan. Please refer chapter 10, Point 10.6 page 10-16 to 10-17 for the details.

Please refer chapter 10, Point 10.6 page 10-16 to 10-17 for the details and annexure X for regular health checkup photographs pg. 81.

61. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL) If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved

All Occupational & Safety Hazards covered in chapter 7.

Please refer chapter 7, point 7.2 pg. 7-1, table 7.1 pg. 7-23, table 7.2 pg. 7-23, table 7.4 pg. 7-27.

62. Annual report of health status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety.

Health status evaluation and periodical checkup is a part of environment management plan.

Please refer chapter 10, Point 10.6 page 10-16 to 10-17 for the details and annexure X for regular health checkup photographs pg. 81.

63. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report.

Yes, the mill have a well laid down Environment Policy.

Please refer annexure XIII A pg. 97 for Environment Policy.

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64. Does the Environment Policy prescribed for standard operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms /conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA

Yes, the mill have a well laid down Environment Policy.

Please refer annexure XIII A pg. 97 for Environment Policy.

65. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given

Planned system for reporting (Bottom to top) and decision implementation (top to bottom) is represented in figure 10.7 of chapter 10 page 10-18.

Please refer to Chapter 10, Figure. 10.7, pg.10-18.

66. Does the company have system of reporting of non-compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report

Planned system for reporting is from bottom to top in figure 10.8 of chapter 10 page 10-21.

Please refer to Chapter 10, Figure. 10.8, pg.10-21.

67. Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labor force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase.

Information on this is provided in chapter 10, point 10.6, on page 10-16. These facilities will be provided to all.

Please refer to Chapter X, Point. 10.6 & 10.7, pg. 10-15 to 10-18.

68. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall

CER budget is framed with reference to the Office Memorandum of MoEF&CC F.No.22-65/2017-IA.III dated May 01, 2018. It is of Rs. 78 lakhs @ 0.75% of total capital budget (of Rs. 10424.29 lakhs). The project

Please refer to Chapter X, Table 10.7, pg. 10-18.

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be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon

proponent has made a budget of Rs. 78 lakhs towards CER.

69. Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case

No litigation pending -

70. A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TOR

Given in EIA Report -

B. Specific Terms of References for EIA Studies; Distilleries

# ToR Compliance Reference in the EIA

report

1. List of existing distillery units in the study area along with their capacity and sourcing of raw material.

There is no distillery in 10 km radius study area of the project. Sakharale MIDC is the only industrial complex present in the 10 km radius study area.

Refer chapter 3, pg. 3.40.

2. Number of working days of the distillery unit.

The distillery is planned to operate year around.

Refer chapter 2, Table.2.2, pg. 2-4.

3. Details of raw materials such as molasses/grains, their source with availability

The distillery has planned its operation on two modes; 1) using B-heavy or C molasses and 2) using juice or sugar syrup. When it will be operated using juice or syrup as a raw material approx. 1875 tons of cane/syrup will be required for the same. It will be obtained from farms of member farmers. While operating the unit on molasses, it will require approx. 385

Details are given in Chapter 2, point 2.1.3 page 2-1 to 2-3.

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TPD of C molasses and 487 TPD B-heavy type. It will be mainly sourced from own sugar mills. Details given in chapter 2.

4. Details of the use of steam from the boiler.

Steam requirement will be maximum 32 TPH. Its utilization details are provided in chapter 2.

Details are given in Chapter 2, Table. 2.2, pg. 2-5 and Point. 2.3.4, pg. 2-14.

5. Surface and Ground water quality around proposed spent wash storage lagoon, and compost yard.

Ground water sample near to the compost site was collected and analyzed. In addition, ground water samples from project site and village Sakharale was also collected and analyzed. Samples collected from Junekhed is the nearest surface water body to the compost site located at approx. 5 km distance. Analysis reports of these samples are provided in chapter 3.

Refer chapter 3, Table. 3.7 & 3.8, pg. 3-17 to 3-19.

6. Plan to reduce spent wash generation within 6-8 KL/KL of alcohol produced.

Spent wash generation will be restricted to 8 KL/KL of alcohol. For this advance technology will be adopted for distillation.

Chapter 2, Figure 2.7, figure 2.8 and figure 2.9 pg. 2-26 to 2-28.

7. Proposed effluent treatment system for molasses/grain based distillery (spent wash, spent lees, condensate and utilities) as well as domestic sewage and scheme for achieving zero effluent discharge (ZLD).

For spent wash generated using B or C molasses – Integrated and standalone Evaporation followed by incineration For spent wash generated using juice or syrup – Integrated evaporation followed by bio-methanation followed by composting Spent lees and process condensate will be treated in condensate polishing unit (CPU). CPU schematic is provided in chapter 2. Treated water will be reused in the distillery. STP proposed for sewage.

Details are given in Chapter 2, Point. 2.6.1, pg. 2-24 to 2-31.

8. Proposed action to restrict fresh water consumption within 10 KL/KL of alcohol production.

Fresh water consumption is restricted to maximum 4.0 KL/KL of alcohol. This is feasible by increasing recycle and reuse of water which is explained in water balance in chapter 2.

Details are given in Chapter 2, Point. 2.3.2, table. 2.6, pg. 2-12 to 2-13

9. Details about capacity of spent wash holding tank, material used, design

Spent wash holding tank will be of five days (cooling tank) and maximum 30 day capacity.

Details are given in Chapter 2, Point 2.6.1.4

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consideration. No. of piezometers to be proposed around spent wash holding tank.

It will be made impervious and constructed as per CREP guidelines. One piezometer is planned near spent wash holding tank

and Figure no. 2.10, pg. 2-29

10. Action plan to control ground water pollution.

Zero liquid discharge will be achieved. Construction of spent wash holding tanks as per CREP guidelines. Transportation of spent wash thro’ HDPE pipeline. Other wastewater such as spent lees and condensate will be properly treated in CPU and reused.

Details are given in Chapter 4, Point. 4.4.2.2 pg. 4-17 to 4-18 Also refer Chapter 10, pg. 10-8 to 10.10

11. Details of solid waste management including management of boiler ash, yeast, etc. Details of incinerated spent wash ash generation and its disposal.

Ash due to incineration of spent wash with coal will be given to nearby brick manufacturing unit. Sludge will be dried and mixed into soil

Refer chapter 2, Point. 2.6.3, Table. 2.12, pg. 2-31. Also refer chapter 10 pg. 10-10 and 10-11.

12. Details of bio-composting yard (if applicable).

Existing compost yard will be used only when distillery operated on juice to ethanol route

Refer chapter 2, point 2.3.9 pg. 2-17.

13. Action plan to control odour pollution.

Spent wash is mainly responsible for odour. Spent wash storage will be strictly as per CREP norms. MEE will be used to reduce spent wash volume. Restricted storage volume will help in reducing the odour. In addition, greenbelt will help in controlling the odour to some extent.

Details are given in Chapter 4, Point. 4.4.2 pg. 4-16 to 4-18.

14. Arrangements for installation of continuous online monitoring system (24x7 monitoring device)

Continuous online monitoring systems are in place for existing distillery. We assure for abiding by this term. Separate emission monitoring system will be installed after commissioning incineration boiler. In the budget for EMP, a provision of Rs. 80.00 lakhs have been made for environmental monitoring, It includes the cost towards upgradation as well as installation of new continuous monitoring system.

Details are given in Chapter 6, Point. 6.3.1 and 6.3.2, pg. 6-2 Provision for environment monitoring budget is given in table 6.7 pg. 6-6.

Content of report

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale i

CONTENTS OF REPORT

CHAPTER POINT PARTICULARS PAGE

I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1-1

1.2 Purpose of the report 1-1

1.3 Identification of project and project proponent 1-1

1.4 Preliminary project information 1-3

1.5 Importance of project to the country, Region 1-3

1.6 Scope of the study 1-4

1.7 Environmental Legislation 1-4

II PROJECT DESCRIPTION


2.1.1 Type of project 2-1

2.1.2 Need for the project 2-1

2.2 The Project 2-3

2.2.1 Selection of site 2-3

2.2.2 Project Highlights 2-3

2.2.3 Location 2-5

2.2.4 Size or magnitude of operation 2-11

2.2.5 Proposed schedule for approval and implementation 2-11

2.3 Material and Infrastructure 2-11

2.3.1 Molasses 2-11

2.3.2 Water requirement 2-12

2.3.3 Fuel 2-13

2.3.4 Steam 2-14

2.3.5 Power 2-14

2.3.6 Boiler 2-14

2.3.7 Fuel handling system 2-15

2.3.8 Ash handling system 2-15

2.3.9 Land 2-16

2.3.10 Manpower 2-16

Content of report

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale ii

2.4 Process Description 2-16

2.4.1 Fermentation 2-16

2.4.2 Distillation 2-17

2.4.2.1 Multi-pressure Distillation 2-17

2.4.2.2 Re-Distillation to Manufacture Extra Neutral Alcohol

(ENA) 2-18

2.4.2.3 Anhydrous Alcohol (AA) 2-18

2.5 Fire and Safety 2-19

2.5.1 Types of Fire Extinguisher For Use In The Plant 2-19

2.5.2 Safety Aspects Through Design and Engineering 2-20

2.5.3 Plant Lighting 2-21

2.5.4 Energy and Water Saving Measures 2-21

2.6 Environmental Aspects 2-21

2.6.1 Water Pollution Aspect 2-23

2.6.1.1 Distillery Effluent 2-23

2.6.1.2 Treatment and disposal of distillery spentwash 2-23

2.6.1.4 Holding of Spent Wash 2-27

2.6.1.5 Process Condensate Treatment Plant (Condensate

Polishing Unit - CPU) 2-28

2.6.1.7 Sewage 2-29

2.6.2 Air Emissions and Control Measures 2-29

2.6.3 Solid Waste Generation and Management 2-30

2.6.4 Hazardous waste 2-30

2.7 Greenbelt 2-30

2.8 Cost of The Project 2-32

III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Study Area 3-1

3.2 Study Period, Component and Methodology 3-1

3.3 Description of Study Area 3-2

3.3.1 Site Surrounding Features 3-2

3.3.1.1 Access 3-3

3.3.1.2 Geographical and Environmental Features 3-4

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EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale iii

3.3.2 Land Use Pattern 3-4

3.3.2.1 Software and Hardware Used for the LU study 3-4

3.3.2.2 Land use/ Land cover Classes Details 3-6

3.3.3 Climatic Conditions of the District 3-7

3.3.3.1 Rainfall 3-7

3.3.3.2 Temperature 3-8

3.3.3.3 Relative Humidity 3-9

3.3.3.4 Cloudiness 3-9

3.3.3.5 Winds 3-9

3.3.3.5.1 Wind Speed and Wind Direction 3-11

3.4 Environment Monitoring Data on Soil, Water, Air and

Noise Aspects 3-11

3.4.1 Soil: General Characteristics for the District 3-14

3.4.1.1 Soil quality 3-14

3.4.1.2 Ground truth collection and soil analysis 3-14

3.4.1.3 Soil analysis 3-14

3.4.1.4 Observations 3-15

3.4.2 Hydrology 3-16

3.4.2.1 Water Qualitative Characteristics 3-16

3.4.2.1.1 Observations 3-19

3.4.3 Hydro-geology 3-20

3.4.4 Air Environment 3-21

3.4.4.1 Observations 3-22

3.4.5 Noise Environment 3-26

3.4.5.1 Method of Monitoring 3-26

3.4.5.2 Parameters Measured 3-26

3.5 Geography and Geology 3-27

3.5.1 Geography 3-27

3.5.2 Geology 3-27

3.5.2.1 Minerals 3-28

3.6 Ecology and Biodiversity 3-29

3.6.1 Methodology 3-29

Content of report

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale iv

3.6.2 The site and immediate surroundings 3-29

3.7 Socio – Economic Environment 3-33

3.7.1 Introduction 3-33

3.7.2 Methodology 3-33

3.7.3 Source of information 3-33

3.7.4 Social Profile 3-33

3.7.4.1 Demography 3-34

3.7.5 Socio-economic survey 3-35

3.7.5.1 Social profile of selected sample 3-36

3.7.5.2 Expectation of local people from proposed project 3-37

3.7.6 Settlement details 3-37

3.7.7 Availability of infrastructure 3-38

3.7.8 Employment by RBPSSKl and contribution to local

economy 3-40

3.7.9 Social Activities of the Factory 3-41

3.8 Other aspects 3-42

3.8.1 Traffic data 3-42

3.9 Summary of environmental features of study area 3-42

IV IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES


4.2 Environmental impacts due to project location 4-1

4.3 Construction phase 4-2

4.3.1 Land Use/topography 4-2

4.3.2 Geology and hydrogeology 4-3


4.3.4 Water Environment 4-4

4.3.5 Soil 4-5

4.3.6 Ecology and Biodiversity 4-5

4.3.7 Natural Resources 4-6

4.3.8 Socio – Economic Aspects 4-6

4.4 Impact Assessment Operation Phase 4-7


Content of report

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale v

4.4.1.1 Transportation 4-7

4.4.1.2 Manufacturing process- fermentation 4-9

4.4.1.3 Manufacturing process- emissions due to incineration 4-10


4.4.2.1 Anticipated impacts 4-16

4.4.2.2 Preventive, Control and Mitigation Measure 4-17

4.4.2.4 Impact Assessment 4-18

4.4.3 Soil/Land Environment 4-19

4.4.3.1 Impact of effluent discharge and solid waste 4-19

4.4.3.2 Preventive, Control and Mitigation Measure 4-19


4.4.4 Noise 4-20

4.4.4.1 Anticipated Impacts 4-20

4.4.4.2 Mitigation measure 4-20


4.4.5 Ecology and Biodiversity 4-22

4.4.6 Impact Socio-economic Environment 4-27

4.4.7 Impact on physiography, Geology and hydro-geology

(drainage) 4-28

4.4.8 Other impact: Traffic 4-29

4.5 Summary of impact assessment 4-29

4.5 Decommissioning of the project 4-36

4.5.1 Decommissioning of project process units 4-36

4.5.2 Decommissioning of spentwash storage lagoons and

CPU 4-37

V ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES


5.2 Site Alternatives 5-1

5.3 Technology alternatives: Production Process 5-1

5.3.1 Fermentation 5-1

5.3.2 Multi-pressure distillation 5-1

5.3.3 Dehydration 5-2

Content of report

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale vi

5.4 Technology Alternatives – Spent wash Treatment &

Disposal 5-2

5.4.1 Reboiler 5-2

5.4.2 Biomethanation 5-3

5.4.3 Reverse Osmosis (RO) 5-4

5.4.4 Multiple Effect Evaporators 5-5

5.4.5 Mist Evaporator 5-5

5.4.6 Incineration 5-6

5.5 Technology Alternatives – Condensate Polishing Unit

(CPU) 5-8

VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM


6.2 Environment Management Cell 6-1

6.3 Monitoring Plan 6-2



6.3.3 Other Conditions 6-3

6.3.4 Flow Measurement 6-4

6.4 Budget for Environmental Monitoring 6-6

VII ADDITIONAL STUDIES ( SAFETY, RISK & DISASTER MANAGEMENT)

7.1 Public consultation 7-1

7.1.1 Written supporting letters received through

Grampanchayat at the time of public hearing 7-11

7.1.2 Marathi to English translation of supporting letter

received from nerby Grampanchayat 7-14

7.1.3 Point-wise reply by The Management of the sugar

factory to the queries/suggestions of Public hearing 7-15

7.2 Risk Assessment and Hazard Management 7-21

7.2.1 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment (HIRA) 7-22

7.2.2 Assessment of risk along with mitigation measure 7-23

7.2.3 Threat Zone Mapping 7-29

Content of report

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale vii

7.2.4 Petroleum & Explosive Safety Organization (PESO)

guidelines for storage of de-natured spirit having ethanol

content 99.55% and above

7-32

7.3 Disaster Preparedness & Emergency Management Plan

(On-Site) 7-34

7.3.1 Scope 7-34

7.3.2 Organization chart for dealing emergencies 7-35

7.3.2.1 Designated person function 7-36

7.3.3 Shutdowns in emergency 7-36

7.3.4 Personnel evacuation 7-36

7.3.5 Personnel accounting 7-37

7.3.6 Controlling disaster 7-37

7.3.7 Safety gears and tools 7-37

7.3.8 Medical treatment arrangement 7-37

7.3.9 Training and Rehearsals 7-37

7.3.10 Law and order 7-38

7.3.11 All clear signal 7-38

7.3.12 Equipment and facilities in emergency 7-38

7.3.12.1 Emergency medical supplies 7-39

7.4 Off-Site Emergency Management Plan 7-39

7.4.1 Information to local authorities 7-40

7.5 Social Impact Assessment 7-40

7.5.1 Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) Plan 7-40

VIII PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 Benefits for the Project Proponent 8-1

8.2 Benefits for the Local Society 8-1

8.3 Benefits to Country: Alcohol As a Fuel 8-1

8.4 Environmental Benefit Analysis 8-2

IX ENVIRONMRNTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS 9-1

X ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.1 Overview 10-1

10.1.1 Objects of EMP 10-1

Content of report

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale viii

10.2 EMP for Construction Phase 10-1

10.3 EMP for Operation Phase 10-3


10.3.2 Noise Environment 10-8


10.3.3.1 CREP Guidelines for Molasses based Distilleries 10-9

10.3.3.2 Spent lees and Condensate Polishing Unit (CPU) 10-10

10.3.3.3 Important Aspect 10-10

10.3.3.4 Sewage Treatment 10-10

10.3.3.5 Operation and Maintenance of other Pollution Control

System

10-10

10.3.4 Land Environment 10-11

10.3.4.1 Waste Management 10-11

10.3.4.2 Hazardous Waste Management 10-11

10.4 Greenbelt Development 10-11

10.5 Rainwater Harvesting 10-15

10.6 Safety, Occupational Health Management 10-18

10.7 Management Plan for Social Environment / Environment

Responsibility of the Industry 10-19

10.8 Environmental Management Cell 10-20

10.8.1 Environmental statement report 10-21

10.8.2 Six monthly compliance of environmental clearance 10-21

10.9 Capital and Recurring Expenses for Environmental

Management Program 10-22

XI SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

11 Summary and conclusion 11-1

11.1 Salient Features of the Project 11-1

11.2 Mitigation of adverse environmental impacts 11-2

11.2.1 Air environment 11-2

11.2.2 Water environment 11-2

11.2.3 Soil environment 11-3

11.2.4 Noise environment 11-3

Content of report

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale ix

11.2.5 Ecology & biodiversity 11-3

11.2.6 Socioeconomic environment 11-3

11.2.7 Safety & Occupational health 11-3

11.3 Conclusion and justification for project implementation 11-4

XII DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

12.1 Consultant 12-1

12.2 The Project Team of EIA Study 12-2

Content of report

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale x

LIST OF TABLES

CHAPTER TABLE PARTICULARS PAGE


2.1 Expected cane/molasses availability for next five years 2-2

2.2 Highlights of the project 2-3

2.3 Area statement of existing and proposed expansion of

distillery

2-10

2.4 Tentative Project Implementation Schedule 2-11

2.5 Availability of raw materials, finished good product and

mode of transport

2-11

2.6 Water Balance: Distillery unit using molasses or sugar

syrup

2-12

2.7 General analysis of Fuels 2-13

2.8 Fuel requirement for generation of required amount of

steam for distillery

2-13

2.9 Details of Storage Tanks 2-19

2.10 Overview of Environment Management Process 2-22

2.11 General Characteristics of raw spent wash 2-23

2.12 Composting Requirements 2-27

2.13 Mass Balance for Compost 2-27

2.14 Solid waste generation and disposal 2-30

2.13 Species composition of existing greenbelt of RBPSSKL 2-30

2.14 Project cost details 2-32


3.1 Important Features around the Project Site 3-2

3.2 Spectral characteristics of sensor image 3-5

3.3 Environmental Features and frequency of data collection 3-11

3.4 Monitoring Locations 3-13

3.5 Soil analysis results for samples collected from the study

area

3-15

3.6 Analysis Report – Surface water sources from the study

area

3-17

Content of report

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale xi

3.7 Analysis Report – Ground Water Sources from the study

area

3-18

3.8 Noise Monitoring Results (in dBA) 3-28

3.9 Summarized data for the status of species for major

classes of animal kingdom

3-32

3.10 Demographic Details of Sangli district 3-34

3.12 Demographic details of Parner taluka 3-40

3.11 Work profile of population in Walwa taluka 3-35

3.12 Selection of the samples from the Radius of 10 km from

the project site

3-35

3.13 Education level of the head of the families 3-36

3.14 Land holding 3-37

3.15 Education facilities in Parner taluka 3-38

3.16 Government health facilities in Walwa taluka 3-39

3.17 FRP details for last five years 3-41

3.18 Traffic (average for peak hour) at project site 3-42

3.19 Summary of Environmental features of study area 3-42

IV IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Emission factors for road vehicles 4-8

4.2 Dispersion Model Input Data 4-11

4.3 Summary of Maximum 24-hour GLC due to proposed

project

4-12

4.4 Solid waste management 4-19

4.5 Criteria for likelihood score 4-25

4.6 Assessment of impact on ecology and biodiversity

considering the important scenario and its likelihood

4-26

4.7 Summary of Impact Assessment and environment

management plan proposed for the respective aspect

4-30

V ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 Merits and Demerits of various technologies 5-6

VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

6.1 Human Resource for Environment Management Cell 6-1

Content of report

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale xii

6.2 Analysis of Environmental Parameters and its reporting

schedule

6-3

6.3 Suggested schedule for maintenance of wastewater

treatment unit

6-3

6.4 Format for Water Consumption Reporting Schedule 6-4

6.5 Format for Pollutant Generation Reporting Schedule 6-5

6.6 Format for Pollutant Disposal Reporting Schedule 6-5

6.7 Budget for environmental management 6-6

VII ADDITIONAL STUDIES (RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER

MANAGEMENT)

7.1 Hazardous areas in a molasses-based distillery unit. 7-23

7.2 Risk Assessment table along with mitigation measures 7-23

7.3 List of Fire Extinguisher in distillery unit 7-25

7.4 Hazard warning information for ethyl alcohol 7-27

7.5 Summary of Threat Zone mapping 7-32

7.6 Distances to be observed around facility in an

installation of petroleum class A

7-33

7.7 Safety gear for emergency cupboard 7-39


10.1 Summary of environment management plan 10-3

10.3 Tree Plantation Details 10-12

10.4 List of species recommended for greenbelt development 10-12

10.5 Flowering and foliage shrubs recommended for

greenbelt

10-13

10.6 Estimation of quantum of run off available through

rainwater harvesting in premises

10-15

10.7 Financial provision for CER activities planned for next

five years

10-20

10.8 Human Resource for Environment Management Cell 10-21

10.9 Estimated Capital and Recurring Expenses for

Environment Management

10-22

XI SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

Content of report

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale xiii

11.1 Salient Features of the Proposed Project 11-1

XII DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

LIST OF FIGURES

Chapter Figure Particulars Page


2.1 Site location map of RBPSSKL 2-5

2.2a Photograph of the site for proposed expansion 2-6

2.2b Satellite image of existing distillery unit and compost site 2-6

2.3 a Master layout 2-7

2.3b Existing distillery layout with proposed units 2-8

2.4 Layout of compost yard 2-9

2.5 Schematic of steam and power generation 2-14

2.6 Schematic of manufacturing process 2-17

2.7

Schematic diagram of Water and Mass Balance with Zero

Liquid Discharge when B heavy molasses is used as

feedstock

2-24

2.8


Liquid Discharge when C heavy molasses is used as

feedstock

2-25

2.9


Liquid Discharge when sugarcane juice/syrup is used as

feedstock

2-26

2.10 Sectional view of spent wash storage lagoon 2-28

2.11 Schematic diagram of CPU/ETP 2-29

2.12 Existing greenbelt 2-31


3.1 Satellite image of existing distillery unit 3-3

3.2 Satellite image project site with compost yard 3-3

3.3 Earthquake Zone Map of Maharashtra 3-4

3.4 Land use /Land cover statistics of the 10 square km area 3-6

3.5 Land use / Land cover map of the study area 3-7

Content of report

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale xiv

3.6 Annual rainfall pattern for Islampur 3-8

3.7 Annual Temperature pattern for Islampur 3-8

3.8 Humidity and cloud cover pattern for Islampur 3-9

3.9 Wind rose 3-10

3.10 Wind class frequency distribution 3-10

3.11 Monitoring Location Map 3-13

3.12 Drainage Map of Study Area 3-16

3.13 Hydrogeological map of Sangli district 3-20

3.14 Ambient air monitoring results of PM10 3-22

3.15 Ambient air monitoring results of PM2.5 3-23

3.16 Ambient Air Monitoring Results of SO2 3-23

3.17 Ambient Air Monitoring Results of NOx 3-24

3.18 Ambient Air Monitoring Results of CO 3-24

3.19 Breakpoint pollutant concentration for Indian air quality

index (AQI) and its impacts

3-25

3.20 Mineral map of the Maharashtra state 3-28

3.21 Observation of quadrate study 3-31

3.22 Expectation of local peoples from proposed expansion 3-37

IV ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Short term 24 hourly GLCs of PM10 4-13

4.2 Short term 24 hourly GLCs of PM2.5 4-13

4.3 Short term 24 hourly GLCs of SO2 4-14

4.4 Short term 24 hourly GLCs of NO2 4-14

V ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE

5.1 Treatment Options for Raw Spent Wash 5-3

VII ADDITIONAL STUDIES (SAFETY, RISK &DISASTER MANAGEMENT)

7.1 Hazard Identification & risk Assessment (HIRA) process. 7-22

7.2 Firefighting Vehicle (24 x 7) & existing firefighting system at

bagasse yard

7-27

7.3 Mock drill & safety training program 7-26

7.4 Firefighting layout of existing distillery unit 7-26

7.5 Thermal radiation threat zone mapping of RBPSSKL 7-31

Content of report

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale xv

7.6 Disaster Management cycle 7-35

7.7 Emergency Preparedness and response team structure 7-35


10.1 Schematic of Water Conservation 10-9

10.2 Solid waste management scheme 10-11

10.3 Species suggested for proposed greenbelt development

according to the canopy structure

10-14

10.4 Schematic of Greenbelt Development 10-14

10.5 Layout of rainwater harvesting plan for total plot 10-16

10.6 Layout of rainwater harvesting plan for distillery unit 10-17

10.7 Schematics of Environment Management Cell (EMC) 10-20

10.8

Decision making and its implementation hierarchy (from

top to bottom) and reporting hierarchy (from bottom to

top) for environmental conditions/compliances

10-23

Content of report

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale xvi

List of Annexure

Annexure

No. Particulars

Page

No.

I A. Site Location Map 1

B. Toposheet 2

II Layout of proposed distillery unit with existing greenbelt 3

III Satellite map of study area 4

IV NOC from village Panchayat 5

V Approved terms of reference (ToR) for the proposed project 6

VI Water drawl permission letter 13

VII Land details 14

VIII Google earth image showing monitoring location within 10 km

study area

25

IX Monitoring report of:

A. Ambient air quality monitoring 26

B. Noise 42

C. Soil 43

D. Water 51

X Regular health checkup photographs 81

XI Ash demand letter from local brick manufacturing unit 82

XII Environmental clearance and consent to operate of existing

Distillery

86

XIII A. Environmental policy 97

B. Occupational health & safety policy 98

XIV PESO License Approval 99

XV List of flora & fauna of the study area 101

XVI Minutes of public hearing 121

Content of report

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale xvii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations Full Form

AA Absolute alcohol/ anhydrous alcohol

AAQ Ambient Air quality

ACF Activated charcoal filter

AP Air pollution

AP Air pollution monitoring, prevention and control

APCE Air Pollution Control Equipment

AQ Air Quality

AQ Meteorology, air quality modeling and prediction

ASP Activated Sludge Process

ASTM American Society for Testing and Material

BCF Bromo-chloro difluoro methane

BOD Biological Oxygen Demand

CER Corporate Environmental Responsibility

CGWB Central Ground Water Board

CIS Chemical Information Sheet

CNS Central Nervous System

COD Chemical Oxygen Demand

CPCB Central Pollution Control Board

CPU Condensate Polishing Unit

CREP Corporate Responsibility For Environmental Protection

CSR Corporate Social Responsibility

CTE Consent To Establish

CTO Consent To Operate

dB Decibel (Unit for sound measurement)

DECC Double Extraction Cum Condensing

DG Diesel Generator

DO Dissolved Oxygen

DRO Disaster Relief Operation

EAC Expert Appraisal Committee

EB Ecology and biodiversity

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EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale xviii

EC Environmental Clearance

EHS Environment, Health and Safety

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMC Environment Management Cell

EMP Environment Management Plan

ENA Extra Neutral Alcohol

EPA Environmental (Protection) Act

EPA Environment (Protection) Act

ESP Electrostatic Precipitator

ETP Effluent Treatment Plant

FAE Functional Area Expert

FAEs Functional Area Experts

FCC False Color Composition

GCP Ground Control Point

GCV Gross Calorific Value

GHGs Green House Gases

GIS Geographical Information System

GLC Ground Level Concentration

GPS Geographical Positioning System

HDPE High-density Polyethylene

HFL High Flood Line

HG Hydrology, ground water and water conservation

HVW High Velocity Water

HWMH Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules

IBR Indian Boiler Regulation

ID Induced Draft

IMD Indian Meteorological Department

IMFL Indian Made Foreign Liquor

IS Indian Standard

KLPD or KLD Kilo Liter Per Day

KW Kilo Watt

LOPA Layers of Protection area

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EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale xix

LPA Loss Prevention Association

LU Land Use

MCC Motor Control Center

MEE Multiple Effect Evaporator

MINAS Minimal National Standards

MLSS Mixed liquor suspended solids

MOC Material of construction

MoEFCC Ministry Of Environment, Forests and Climate Change

MoU Memorandum of Understanding

MPCB Maharashtra Pollution Control Board

MPR Multi Pressure

MS Mild steel

MSDS Material Safety Datasheet

MSHA Mine Safety and Health Organization

MSL Mean Sea Level

MTBE Methyl tert-butyl ether

MTD Metric Ton Per Day

MVW Medium Velocity Water

MW Mega Watt

N Noise and vibration

NAAQM National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard

NABET National Accreditation Board for Education and Training

NABL National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration

Laboratories

NH National Highway

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

OISD Oil Industry Safety Directorate

OSHA Occupational Safety And Health Administration

PCC Power Control Centre

PCE Pollution Control Equipment

PEL Permissible Exposure Limit

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EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale xx

PEL Permissible Exposure Level

PESO Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organization

PM Particulate Matter

PPE Personal Protective Equipment’s

PPM Parts per million

QCI Quality Council of India

RH Risk assessment and hazard management

RM Raw material

RO Reverse Osmosis

RS Rectified Spirit

SC Soil Conservation

SCAPH Steam Coil Air Pre-Heater

SE Socio-economics

SEIAA State Environment Impact Assessment Authority

SH State Highway

SHW Solid and hazardous waste management

SOI Survey of India

SPCB State Pollution Control Board

SPL Sound Pressure Level

SPL Sound Pressure Level

SPM Suspended Particulate Matter

SS Suspended Solids

TAC Tariff Advisory Committee

TCD Ton Crush per Day

TDS Total Dissolve Solid

TLV Threshold Limit Value

TPD Ton Per Day

TPH Tons Per Hour

TRO Turkey Red Oil

UASBR Up-flow Sludge Blanket Reactor

USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

UTM Universal Transverse Mercator

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EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale xxi

VSI Vasantdada Sugar Institute

WP Water pollution monitoring, prevention and control

WPDS Work Practice Data Sheet

ZLD Zero Liquid Discharge

Chapter 1: Introduction

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale 1-1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The sugar industry is the second largest agro-based industry in India and provides

direct/indirect livelihood to millions of people. India is the world’s second largest producer of

sugarcane and the state of Maharashtra is a leading sugarcane and sugar producer. The sugar

industry in the state is mostly in the co-operative sector and has been instrumental in

contributing to socio-economic development in rural areas. The industry is characterized by

the phenomenon of cyclicality i.e. cycles of boom and bust. This affects the financial viability

of the industry. Sugar mills cannot maintain their financial health on a single product i.e. sugar.

Hence, it is necessary to develop a sugar mill into affiliated chemical complex and use the

valuable byproducts more profitably.

Molasses is a very important by-product of the sugar industry. The profit earned by conversion

of molasses to alcohol is much higher than the value realized by sale of molasses. There is a

good demand for alcohol in the country. Alcohol has assumed a very important place in the

economy of the country after the ethanol blending program started in the country. The

National Biofuels Policy of 2018 aims to ensure availability of a minimum level of biofuels to

meet the demand anytime with an indicative target of 20% blending of biofuels till 2030.

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

The purpose of this environmental impact assessment (EIA) study is to obtain an

Environmental Clearance for expansion of molasses-based distillery of M/s. Rajarambapu

Patil Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. (RBPSSKL). The notification no. S.O. 1533 promulgated

on September 14, 2006 has covered distillery industry under activity 5(g). According to recent

notification no. S.O. 1960(E), dated June 13, 2019, molasses-based distilleries less than 100

KLPD capacity are placed under category ‘B’ and higher capacity in category ‘A’.

In order to assess the likely impacts arising from the proposed project, RBPSSKL has entrusted

Vasantdada Sugar Institute (VSI), Pune to carry out the EIA study. VSI is an autonomous

institute, providing research, technical and consultancy services to the sugar and distillery

industries, since 1975. VSI is accredited by NABET for carrying out EIA studies for the sugar,

distillery and thermal power (biomass based) projects.

1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT

M/s. Rajarambapu Patil Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Limited is a cooperative sugar mill,

located at Rajaramnagar, village: Sakharale, Tal. Walwa, Dist. Sangli. The factory is registered

under the Government of Maharashtra Co-operative Societies Act Registration no.



SAN/PRG/A-3 dated 17.08.1968. It is one of the most progressive sugar mills in the country

best known for its high sugar recovery. The dedicated and able guidance of Hon. Shri.

Jayantrao Rajaram Patil, Minister for Water Resources and former Minister for Rural

Development, Maharashtra State has been responsible for making the factory renowned in the

country.

The initial crushing capacity of the factory was 1250 TCD and the first crushing season was

conducted in the year 1969-70. Based on increasing availability of sugarcane in area of

operation, it has modernized and expanded its capacity from 1250 TCD to about 2000 TCD in

the year 1977-78, from 2000 TCD to about 4000 TCD in the year 1990-91 and from 4000 TCD

to 7000 TCD in the year 2016-17. A 28 MW cogeneration plant was also commissioned it in

the year 2016-17.

The first distillery unit at RBPSSKL was installed in the year 1975. The initial installed capacity

of the distillery was 15 KLPD (Unit No. I) which was based on batch fermentation process.

Additional distillery units (unit no. II and III) each having capacity of 30 KLPD and based on

cascade continuous fermentation process were added in 1994 and 2000, respectively.

The present configuration of the distillery is old 30 KLPD unit with batch fermentation and

atmospheric distillation and new 45 KLPD unit with cascade continuous fermentation and MPR

distillation with integrated evaporation system with 50 KLPD MSDH fuel ethanol plant.

RBPSSKL has adopted integrated evaporation followed by biomethanation followed by bio-

composting treatment. Even though the present production capacity of the distillery is 75

KLPD, the Maharashtra Pollution Control Boar has directed RBPSSKL to operate its distillery

plant at 45 KLPD capacity till further appropriate arrangement for zero spent wash discharge

is made. Therefore, it has been decided to install the latest type of incineration boiler for

complete incineration of spentwash. This will also allow them to generate steam & power

required for distillery plant operation.

Based on availability of surplus molasses and due to increasing demand of alcohol, RBPSSKL

management has decided to expand its existing distillery capacity from 75 KLPD to 150 KLPD.

The distillery will work at full capacity when B heavy molasses or sugarcane juice is used as

feed stock and at 100 KLPD when c heavy molasses is used. For proper and complete treatment

of spent wash after proposed expansion of distillery RPSSKL management has decided to up-

grade its existing effluent treatment system by installing multiple effect evaporation plant

followed by incineration system for achieving “Zero Spent Wash Discharge”. This will be used

when molasses is used as a feedstock. Whenever sugarcane juice is used as a feedstock, the

treatment system will be concentration followed by biomethanation of the concentrated

spentwash followed by composting with pressmud.



1.4 PRELIMINARY PROJECT INFORMATION

Name of Project Proponent Rajarambapu Patil Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd.

Project and its Size Expansion of molasses-based distillery unit from 75 to 150 KLPD

Location of the project Within existing distillery premises located at Rajaramnagar,

village Sakharale, Tal. Walwa, Dist. Sangli, Maharashtra -415 414

Geographical Coordinates Project Site

1) 17°04'21.72"N & 74°17'30.41"E

2) 17°04'11.7"N & 74°17'32.45"E

3) 17°04'11.43"N & 74°17'26.28"E

4) 17°04'18.18"N & 74°17'34.75"E

Geographical Coordinates

Compost Yard

1) 17°03'48.90"N & 74°18'45.52"E

2) 17°03'15.09"N & 74°18'44.35"E

3) 17°03'32.84"N & 74°18'37.82"E

4) 17°03'32.04"N & 74°19'00"E

Nearest City/Town Sakharale is approx. 0.5 km from the project site, Sangli is 45 km

Nearest Railway station Karad railway station approx. 35 km from the site.

Nearest Highway National Highway NH 48 is approx. 8 km from the site.

Nearest Airport Kolhapur airport is the nearest airport approx. 50 km from the site.

Schools & Colleges Kasegaon Education Society

Rajarambapu Institute of Information Technology

Pre-primary School to Senior Colleges & Engineering College

Nearest River Krishna river is approx. 3.36 km

Protected Area/

Sanctuaries/NP

Yashwantrao Chavan Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary is approx.

16 km from the project site

CRZ applicability Not applicable

Seismicity Seismic Zone-III

Note: All distance given above are aerial distances from project site

1.5 IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT TO THE COUNTRY, REGION

India is one of the largest producers of sugarcane as well as sugar in the world. Sugarcane is

a cash crop for farmers. There are about 564 installed sugar factories in India. The sugar

industries are located in rural areas providing employment to rural masses. Sugar factories in

India are the backbone of rural economy. These factories have contributed for the

development of economy as well as infrastructure in rural areas, generated ample of

employment opportunity to local people.



The importance of alcohol especially for the ethanol-blending program in the energy security

of the country cannot be over emphasized. In addition to reducing the petroleum imports and

saving foreign exchange, the use of fuel ethanol also helps to reduce air pollution. Sale of fuel

ethanol will also help sugar industry to improve liquidity and pay fair remunerative price to

sugar cane growers. Thus, ethanol production is beneficial to sugar cane growers, local

community as well as the whole country. The Government of India has offered financial

assistance to distilleries to increase the production of alcohol for fuel ethanol.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The notification SO-1533, issued by the Ministry of Environment Forests & Climate Change

(MoEF&CC), Government of India, in September 2006 and its amendment in June 2019, specify

that the proposed distillery project is placed under category ‘A’. The application for

environmental clearance of proposed project was submitted online on March 18, 2021 and

ToRs for said project were granted on March 26, 2021, vide proposal no.

IA/MH/IND2/204354/2021. This report has been prepared as per the ToRs, in line with the

generic structure as per Appendix III of the EIA Notification, 2006. The report comprises of 12

chapters and supporting documents in the form of annexures. Executive Summary has been

prepared in English & Marathi and bound separately.

1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

The key environmental legislation relevant to the project are given below

i. Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

ii. Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

iii. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

iv. Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991

v. Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rule, 2000

vi. Petroleum rules, 2002

vii. Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 and its amendments till date

viii. Boilers Act, 2007

ix. National Ambient Air Quality Standards Notification, 2009

x. Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016

xi. Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary

Movement) Rules, 2016

xii. Factories Act, 1948 and amended in 2016

xiii. The Manufacture, Storage & Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 as

amended in 2000

Chapter 2: Project Description


2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Sugar industry is characterized by cyclicality i.e. going through cycles of boom and bust which depend

upon the world sugar market and also various environmental factors. To keep this industry sustainable

on a long term, it is important to utilize the available resources efficiently and focus on the byproducts

by initiating allied activities such as cogeneration and distillery. The National Biofuel Policy of 2018 has

given a boost to ethanol production in the country. M/s. Rajarambapu Patil Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana

Ltd. (RBPSSKL) has proposed to expand its molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD to avail of the

opportunities offered by this policy.

2.1.1 Type of Project

The distillery will produce rectified spirit (RS) and/or extra neutral alcohol (ENA) and/or anhydrous

alcohol/fuel ethanol as a main product and impure spirit and fusel oil as a byproduct. As explained in

previous chapter, the present configuration of the distillery is old 30 KLPD unit with batch fermentation

and atmospheric distillation and new 45 KLPD unit with cascade continuous fermentation and MPR

distillation with integrated evaporation system with 50 KLPD MSDH fuel ethanol plant. It is proposed

to replace the old distillation plants (30 KLPD and 20 KLPD ENA) with a new distillation plant of 55 KLPD

capacity based on multi pressure vacuum distillation plant and 50 KLPD MSDH plant to produce fuel

ethanol. Thus, the total capacity after expansion of the distillery will be 100 KLPD. However, in case B

heavy molasses/sugarcane juice/Syrup is used as raw material in the same setup, the production will go

upto 150 KLPD. For proper and complete treatment of spent wash after proposed expansion, the

existing effluent treatment system by installing multiple effect evaporation plant followed by

incineration system for achieving “Zero Spent Wash Discharge” when molasses is used as a feedstock

and concentration followed by biomethanation followed by composting when sugarcane juice is used.

2.1.2 Need for the Project

There are more than 400 distilleries in the country with an annual installed capacity of around 4,500

million liters of alcohol production and licensed capacity of 4,420 million liters. However, the alcohol

production in the year 2016-17 was 2425 million liters. It shows that the capacity utilization of all units

is as low as 50 to 60 % of installed capacity. This is due to various technical as well as economic issues.

The products namely ethanol, rectified spirit (RS) and extra neutral alcohol (ENA) are very important

for the economy. Ethanol is especially vital as it is blended with fuel (petrol) thus saving import of

crude oil and foreign currency. RS is widely used in different industries for variety of applications. ENA

is a potable alcohol used to make liquor.

The present cane crushing capacity of RBPSSKL is 7000 TCD. At the existing sugar unit site there is no

space available for further expansion of sugar factory due to earlier expansions and establishment of

other by-product units. Considering the limitation of space, the management established second sugar

unit at Wategaon (Unit 2). The Management has also taken Sarvodaya SSK Ltd., Karandwadi (Unit 3),



factory and Raje Vijaysinh Daphale Shetkari S S K Ltd., Tippehalli-Jath (Unit 4) on lease. Out of all these

units unit1, 2 and 3are less than 20 km from the proposed project site and unit 4 is approximately 120

km from the project site . Table 2.1 gives the expected availability of molasses in the next four years for

all these four units.

Table 2.1: Expected cane/molasses availability for next five years

# Particulars

Years

2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25

Unit 1: Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale

1 Cane crushed (Lakh MT) 11.25 11.25 11.25 11.25

2 Sugar production (Lakh Qts) 14.50 14.50 14.50 14.50

3 Recovery % Cane 12.75 12.75 12.75 12.75

4 final Molasses (i.e. C-heavy) 42,682 42,682 42,682 42,682

5 Press-mud production (MT) 42750 42750 42750 42750

Unit 2: Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Wategaon (Unit 2)



3 Recovery % Cane 12.70 12.70 12.70 12.70

4 final Molasses (i.e. C-heavy)

production (MT)

21,725 21,725 21,725 21,725


Unit 3: Sarvodaya SSK Ltd., Karandawadi (Unit 3)



3 Recovery % Cane 13.00 13.00 12.70 12.70



Unit 4: Raje Vijaysinh Daphale Shetkari SSK Ltd., Tippehalli (Unit 4)



3 Recovery % Cane 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00





Thus, ample quantity of molasses is available for the proposed distillery expansion.

2.2 THE PROJECT

The project proponent has planned to expand the distillery. The expansion will be done within its

existing premises at village Sakharale, Taluka Walva, District Sangli, Maharashtra. This land is owned by

the RBPSSKL. The proposed site is open and adequate for proposed capacity expansion of distillery

along with its allied units including storage of raw material, finished products and waste material. Site

selection criteria are discussed in detail in the following sub-section.

2.2.1 Selection of Site

The project is proposed on the land owned by existing sugar factory hence no re-habilitation and

resettlement issues involved in the project. The selection of site is based on the following factors-

i. The present site fulfills the industrial site selection criteria of MoEFCC/CPCB/MPCB i.e. site is

>500 m away from high flood line (HFL) of nearest river (Krishna river), it is >500 m away from

nearest state highway & railway line. There is no protected area such as sanctuary, national park,

biosphere reserve within 10 km radius of the proposed site. There are no defense installations,

recreation site, etc. within 25 km radius of the site.

ii. Availability of raw material: The basic raw material for the proposed project will be sugar cane,

bagasse and molasses. It will be mainly supplied by existing sugar mill.

iii. Availability of infrastructure/facilities: Proposed site is well connected by state/national

highways. Reasonably good infrastructure, support facilities and labor etc. are available.

2.2.2 Project Highlights

The mill already has the main infrastructure such as land, water, power and raw material viz. sugarcane,

bagasse and molasses. Important aspects of the project are given below.

Table 2.2: Highlights of the Project

1. Project Proponent M/s. Rajarambapu Patil Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd.,

2. Project Expansion of molasses -based distillery unit from 75 to150 KLPD

3. Location of the project Distillery at Gat No. 1152 1170,1172 Rajaramnagar, village

Sakharale, Taluka Walva, District Sangli, Maharashtra Compost

yard at Gat no 191,192, 193, 203, 204, 207, village Urun, Taluka

Walva, District Sangli, Maharashtra (~ 2.5 km from the distillery

unit)

4. Working days Year around

5. Product Rectified spirit followed by Anhydrous

Alcohol (while using B-heavy molasses and

sugar syrup/juice)

150 KLPD max

Fusel oil 720 L/day



6. Effluent Treatment System Standalone multi-effect evaporation (SMEE) followed by

incineration of spentwash when molasses is used as a feedstock

(Mainly during off-season)

Concentration followed by biomethanation followed by

composting when sugarcane juice/syrup is used as a feedstock

(mainly during crushing season)

For spent lees, condensate and other effluent: Two stage

biological treatment followed by tertiary treatment

7. Air Pollution Control Stack of 62 m (with inner diameter of 3 m) with ESP (Electrostatic

precipitator)

INFRASTRUCTURE

8. Land Total plot area of the unit is 75.69 Ha out of which built up area

of existing sugar; cogeneration and distillery unit is 6.31 Ha built

up area required for proposed expansion is approximately 1.29

Ha it will be made available from existing available land

Total greenbelt area requirement of i.e. 33 % on total plot area

is 24.98 Ha, out of which and unit has already developed

approximately 16.79 Ha of area and remaining 8.89 Ha is

proposed for greenbelt development during expansion. The

internal roads, Parking, open spaces and other amenities occupy

remaining area

9. Main Raw Material

Molasses (C-Type) : 385 TPD (for 100 KLPD capacity utilization)

OR

Molasses (B-Type): 487 TPD (for 150 KLPD capacity utilization)

OR

Sugarcane juice: 1875 TPD Or Syrup: 468.75TPD (600Bx) (for 150

KLPD capacity utilization)

11. Technology for Product

Manufacturing

Continuous/Fed-batch fermentation & Multi-pressure-vacuum

distillation for the production of Rectified spirit or Extra Neutral

Alcohol with Molecular Sieve De-Hydration (MSDH) plant for

Anhydrous/Fuel ethanol

12. Steam Requirement: Max. 32 TPH

Source New 32 TPH incineration boiler with 3 MW STG

13. Fuel Conc. Spentwash 248 TPD (source -own distillery) +

Coal 90 TPD (source -market) or

Bagasse 156 TPD (source -own sugar mills)

14. Boiler New Incineration boiler of 32 TPH with pressure 45 kg/cm2



15. Power 2.8 to 3 MW (Source: Captive incineration boiler)

16. Water Requirement 559 m3/day maximum for 150 KLPD after reuse and recycle

17. Water Source Krishna River MIDC lift irrigation scheme from 5 km.

18. Manpower Existing: 73 Proposed 50.

FINANCIAL ASPECTS

19. Total Capital Cost Rs. 10,424.09 Lakhs

20. Capital expenses for

environmental management

Rs. 4905 Lakhs

21. Provision for CER Rs. 78 Lakhs (0.75% of capital cost for brownfield project)

2.2.3 Location

RBPSSKL is located at Rajaramnagar, village: Sakharale, Tal. Walwa, Dist. Sangli. The site is well

connected by road, railway as well as air network. It is located approximately 4 km off Tasgaon Karad

state highway and Pune Bangalore National Highway no. 48 is 8 km away from proposed site. Nearest

railway station Kirloskarwadi is approx. 4 km from the project site. The nearest active airport is at

Kolhapur approx. 60 km. Fig. 2.1 shows site location map and fig. 2.2 the satellite image of the project

site. Layout for distillery unit is shown in Fig. 2.3 and layout for compost yard in fig 2.4 Table 2.3 gives

the area statement of the distillery plot.

Figure 2.1: Site location map of RBPSSKL



Figure 2.2a: Satellite image project site with compost yard

Figure 2.2b: Satellite image of existing distillery unit



Figure 2.3 a: Master layout



Figure 2.3 b: Distillery Layout showing existing and proposed units



Figure 2.4: Layout of existing compost yard



Table 2.3: Area statement

# Functional area Total Area (m2) Total Area (Ha)

1 Total plot area 7,56,900 75.69

2 Required area of green belt 33% 2,49,777 24.98

3 Existing area of green belt 1,67,835 16.78

4 Proposed area of green belt 88,906 8.89

5 Total area of green belt 2,56,741 25.67

6 Parking area 15% 1,14,971 11.50

7 Internal road 40,894 4.09

8 Existing ground floor area 63,068.97 6.31

9 Proposed expansion ground floor area 12,889.27 1.29

10 Total ground floor bult up area i + ii 74,392.24 7.44

11 Remaining area 2,68,335.76 26.83

Distillery unit: Existing Built up area statement

# Functional area Total Area (m2)

1 Main distillery, ware house building 1,113.96

2 1st expa. Distillery, ware house 895.92

3 2nd expa. Distillery building 1,329.103

4 Molasses tank 2 nos 8,89.310

5 Excise office 93.852

6 Country liquor house 673.233

7 Spray pond 264.00

8 Mol. receiving tank 902.26

9 Time office 69.461

10 Molasses tank 1 nos 486.707

11 Extension ware house 200.53

12 Ext. Country liquor house 267.66

Total built up area 7,185.98

Distillery unit: Proposed Built up area statement

1 New distillation 11x40m 440.00

2 Fermentation - I 10x45m 450.00

3 NEW fermentation-II 25X15M 375.00

4 Storage section 17x10m 170.00

5 Distillation and fermentation cooling tower 8x6m each 96..

6 Molasses day tank 6.8m dia 48.00

7 Power house 651.00

8 Boiler 2400.00

9 Coal shed 680.00

10 CPU - 1 1500.00

11 Cooling tower and feed tank 518.27

12 Evaporator 595.00

13 5 days spent wash storage tank 1,600.00

14 Bagasse yard 1,800.00

15 Ethanol storage tanks 1,566.00

Total proposed built up area 12,889.27



2.2.4 Size or Magnitude of Operation

Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD

2.2.5: Proposed schedule for approval and implementation

Table 2.4.: Tentative Project Implementation Schedule

# Project Activity Proposed time

1. Environmental clearance for project March 2022

2. Commencement of construction and installation of the project* November 2022

3. Expected date for commission of project* December 2022

*subject to receipt of environmental clearance

2.3 MATERIAL AND INFRASTRUCTURE

2.3.1. Molasses

Molasses availability and requirement is already discussed above in 2.1.2. Proper care will be taken by

the sugar mill to cool down molasses before it goes to molasses storage tank, with suitable pump for

recirculation of molasses. Two months stored molasses is ideal for fermentation. The molasses will be

pumped through pipeline from storage tanks to the distillery day molasses tank. Raw material and

chemical requirements are given in the following table.

Table 2.5: Availability of raw materials, finished good product and mode of transport

Particulars Estimated

quantity

Source

market

Final

product

Estimated

quantity

Transport

mode

Raw Material

Molasses (C-Type)

(for 100 KLPD capacity utilization)

385 TPD From own

sugar mills

Rectified

spirit +

Impure spirit

(5%) or

ENA + IS or

Fuel Alcohol

+ IS

150 KLPD

(100 KLPD

when C

molasses is

used

By pipeline

from

RBPSSKL &

by tanker

from other

mills

Molasses (B-Type)


487 TPD

Sugarcane juice


1875 TPD

sugar cane

or

468.75TPD

syrup (600Bx)

Chemicals

Nutrients N, P 200 Kg/day Sangli,

Kolhapur,

Pune etc.

-

-

By Road-

Truck

Turkey Red Oil 600 Kg/day

Utilities

Fuel



Particulars Estimated

quantity

Source

market

Final

product

Estimated

quantity

Transport

mode

Spentwash

+ Coal/ Bagasse

248 TPD +

90 TPD/ 156

TPD

Distillery /

market/ own

sugar mill

- - By Road/rail

Water 559 m3/d max

(for 150 KLPD

capacity)

Krishna lift

irrigation

scheme

- -

Steam 768 TPD max Captive

incineration

boiler

Power 2.8-3.0 MW - - -

2.3.2 Water Requirement

Water requirement will be met from existing Krishna River MIDC lift irrigation scheme at the distance

of 5 km from the site. Water requirement will depend on feedstock i.e. c-molasses of B-heavy molasses

or sugarcane juice. Daily fresh water requirement will be as follows.

Table 2.6: Water Balance: Distillery unit using molasses or sugar syrup

WATER INPUT Water requirement in m3/day

CH- Molasses BH-Molasses Sugarcane Syrup

Process Water(Fermentation and CO2 scrubber) 1020 1250 550

Boiler feed water 768 768 768

Soft Water For Vacuum Pump & Others 100 100 100

Soft Water Makeup For Cooling Towers 600 850 800

Other Domestic Usage 10 10 10

Total Water Input at start-up 2498 2978 2228

WATER OUTPUT

Spent Lees (PR & Rect.) 150 225 225

CT Evaporation & Drift Losses 600 850 800

Domestic Consumption loss 10 10 10

Soft Water For Vacuum Pump & Others 100 100 100

Boiler waste water as blow down & steam loss 40 40 40

Exhaust condensate 728 728 728

Process condensate 800 1000 225

Water loss in RS 5 7.50 7.50

Over all process loss 65 17.5 92.5

Total Water Output 2498 2978 2228

RECYCLE STREAMS

Lees Recycle For RS Dilution (after CPU) 150 225 225

Raw spentwash for syrup dilution 151 300 225

Process Condensate (after CPU) 800 1000 225

Steam condensate recycled to boiler 728 728 728



Soft water for Vacuum Pump, others, cooling water 100 100 100

Water available from rainwater harvesting pond 169 169 169

Total Recycling /Re-utilization of water 2098 2522 1672

Total Daily Water requirement/Input 400 456 559

Fresh water requirement per lit of Alcohol incl. domestic water

4.0lit 3.04 lit 3.72 lit

2.3.3. Fuel

In case C-molasses or BH-molasses is used as feedstock, concentrated spent wash about 200 m3/day

will be burnt in incineration boiler with supplementary fuel coal or bagasse. In case sugar syrup is used

Concentrated Bio-methanated spent wash about 225 m3/day will be used to produce Bio-compost after

mixing with press mud cake. Sufficient quantity of press mud cake is available with the Karkhana to

operate the distillery on syrup/juice during sugarcane crushing season. General characteristics of fuels

are given in table 2.7. The fuel requirement for incineration of distillery spentwash is given in table 2.8.

Table 2.7: General analysis of fuels

# Particulars Units, w/w Spent wash Coal (Indian)

1. Carbon % 20.38 39.90

2. Hydrogen % 1.97 2.48

3. Oxygen % 13.30 6.76

4. Nitrogen % 1.70 0.67

5. Sulfur % 0.56 0.38

6. H2O % 40.0 10.0

7. Mineral Matter % 18 35

8. GCV cal/g 1750 3800

Table 2.8: Fuel requirement for generation of required amount of steam for distillery

# Description Units Values

1. Total solids concentration in spent wash % >55 up to 60

2. Specific gravity of spent wash 1.24

3. Conc. spent wash volume m3/day 200

4. Conc. spent wash quantity TPD 248

5. Conc. spent wash quantity TPH 10.33

6. GCV of spent wash for given concentration (avg.) cal/g 1750

7. Steam production from concentrated spent wash TPH 18.08

8. Balance steam generation from coal TPH 13.91

9. Approximate quantity of support coal TPH 3.66



Figure 2.5: Schematic of steam and power generation

2.3.4. Steam

The distillery will require maximum 32 TPH steam, which will be fulfilled from new 32 TPH incineration

boiler after augmenting its capacity appropriately. In case of use of juice or syrup as a feed, steam will

be procured from sugar mill boiler of 140 TPH capacity.

Steam Consumption: Multi-pressure distillation

a. F. Wash to Rectified spirit: 2.2 Kg /litre

b. F. Wash to ENA: 3.2 Kg /litre

c. for Anhydrous ethanol: 2.8 Kg /litre

It will be utilized for distillation, boiler units, and standalone multi-effect evaporation plant. Exhaust

steam from STG will be used for distillery.

2.3.5. Power

The estimated power requirement for proposed expansion is 2.8-3 MW. It will be fulfilled from the

captive incineration boiler. In case of shut down, it will be purchased from state electricity grid.

2.3.6. Boiler

It is planned to install a new incineration boiler of 32 TPH having 45 kg/cm2 (g) pressure & 400 ± 50C

temperature. Alternatively, steam from existing sugar unit boiler of 140 TPH will be used for juice/syrup

to ethanol route.

Important technical features of incineration boiler are as follows.

a. The fouling potential is minimized through multi-pass design. It is easily maintainable.

b. Deep fluidized bed construction for improved combustion efficiency and complete combustion

c. Special on-line cleaning devices

Incineration

Boiler

(32TPH)

Power 2.8-3 MW

Exhaust

Steam

Captive consumption

for Distillery unit

3 MW

Steam

Turbo

Generat

or

2.0 MW

Conc.

Spentwash +

Coal/

bagasse or

rice husk



The boiler needs off-line cleaning once in 45 days of operation. It includes water wall, super-heater, and

evaporator and economizer section. Therefore, shut down of 3-4 days are anticipated after 45 days’

operation.

2.3.7 Fuel Handling System

Entire coal storage area/ yard will be covered with permanent weather shed roofing and walls on three

sides. Mechanized fuel handling system as well as dust suppression system will be installed for this area.

Coal handling will have a capacity of approx. 5 to 6 TPH. The conveyors will be suitably covered with

hood or enclosures. Crushed coal will be used, mainly of 3 to 8 mm size.

Following measures will be adopted to reduce fugitive dust generation.

Unloading of coal by dumpers will be carried out with proper care to avoid dropping of

materials from height. Also, coal will be kept moist by sprinkling water while unloading at the

project site.

In case of non-availability of dumpers, it will be done in trucks covered with tarpaulin sheets.

The coal will be kept moist in order to prevent the fugitive emissions during transportation.

Blowing wind will cause fugitive emissions in the coal storage area. The same will be prevented

by keeping it in covered area and sprinkling water as and when required with auto-sprinklers.

Crushing and screening operation will be carried out in closed area.

Centralized de dusting facility (collection hood and suction arrangement) followed by de

dusting unit like jet pulse bag filter will be placed

Work area including the roads surrounding the plant will be either asphalted or concreted.

Water sprinkling arrangement will be made at coal heaps and around crushing & screening

units.

Enclosure will be provided for belt conveyors and transfer points of belt conveyors. The

enclosures will be rigid and permanent and fitted with self-closing doors and close fitting

entrances and exits, where conveyors pass through the enclosures. Flexible covers will be

installed at entry and exit of the conveyor to the enclosures, minimizing the gaps around the

conveyors.

2.3.8 Ash handling system

The ash handling system envisages wet extraction of bottom ash & dry extraction for fly ash. The fly ash

will be extracted in dry form from the electrostatic precipitator hoppers, economizer, air heater hoppers,

stack hopper, and transported to storage silo as a measure for promoting ash utilization. For collecting

fly ash in dry form, the system will be designed such that, the fly ash and conveying air mixture will be

conveyed to storage silo with bag filters. Once in eight hours shift, the fly ash will be sequentially



extracted from these hoppers. The fly ash handling system will be designed to collect ash in dry form

in fly ash silos through existing screw conveyers and belt conveyers).

Control techniques for fugitive dust emission from ash storage yard, involves watering, chemical

stabilization (if required), reduction of surface wind speed with windbreaks or source enclosures.

Effective control of fugitive emissions will be achieved by either of the following ways, in isolation or

in combination. i) By providing a containment enclosure to the dust-generating source (thereby

isolating/containing the source from wind currents) in order to contain the airborne emissions within

the enclosures. The same shall be achieved by providing a wall at the periphery of the ash pond/ loading

unloading area/ ash silo. The height of the wall will be decided during detail engineering. ii) By

suppressing the dust by spraying water so that the dust settles down & remain suppressed till the

moisture evaporates. The detailed design of dust suppression system for the ash pond will be taken up

during engineering. The SPM in the vicinity of the ash storage pond will be maintained below statutory

norms.

The fly ash generated will be collected and stored in fly ash silos. Regular water sprinkling will

be done in the fly ash storage area.

The fly ash generated will be transported in dumpers from generation point to the final disposal

point. It will be covered with suitable material to prevent fugitive dust generation.

The fly ash generated will be sold to brick/cement manufacturers

2.3.9 Land

Total plot area of the unit is 75.69 Ha out of which built up area of existing sugar; cogeneration and

distillery unit is 6.31 Ha built up area required for proposed expansion is approximately 1.29 Ha it will

be made available from existing land

Total greenbelt area requirement of i.e. 33 % on total plot area is 24.98 Ha, out of which and unit has

already developed approximately 16.79 Ha of area and remaining 8.89 Ha is proposed for greenbelt

development during expansion. The internal roads, Parking, open spaces and other amenities occupy

remaining area

2.3.10 Manpower

The project will generate additional employment for 50 persons of which 35 will be skilled and

remaining semiskilled. Current workers at distillery is 73.

2.4 PROCESS DESCRIPTION

The process of producing of alcohol from molasses involves two major steps of fermentation and

distillation. The characteristics of manufacturing process are given below and a schematic is shown in

Fig. 2.6.

2.4.1 Fermentation



Molasses is the chief raw material used for production of alcohol. Molasses contains around 50% total

sugars, of which 30 to 33 % are cane sugar and the rest are reducing sugar. Saccharomyces cerevisiae,

converts sugars such as sucrose or glucose present in the molasses in to alcohol. The continuous

fermentation process involves addition of fresh nutrients medium either continuously or intermittent

withdrawal of portion of nutrient for recovery of fermentation products. In continuous process,

fermenter is in constant usage with little shut down and after initial inoculation of yeast culture, further

inoculation is not necessary. It has many advantages like continuity of operation, higher efficiency and

ease of operation. Most modern ethanol production plants adopt this continuous fermentation

technology. The yield of alcohol is ~270 litres/ ton of C type molasses and 300 to 330 litres for B-heavy

type.

Figure 2.6: Schematic of Manufacturing Process

2.4.2 Distillation

After fermentation, the next stage in the manufacturing process is to separate alcohol from fermented

wash and to concentrate it to 95%. This called Rectified Spirit (RS). For this purpose, method of multi-

pressure distillation will be adopted. After separation of alcohol, the remaining part is the effluent of

the process i.e. spent wash and spent lees.

2.4.2.1 Multi-pressure Distillation

Multi-pressure distillation system for production of Rectified spirit consists of distillation columns

namely – For –Rectified Spirit mode

1. Degasifying cum analyzer column

Molasses Storage (MS) tank

CO2 Scrubber

Molasses weighed and diluted

Yeast sludge-to-sludge drying bed

Fermentation Yeast propagate with molasses in

sterilize separate vessel

Distillation Analyzer column PR Column RE Column Exhaust column

Spent wash and spent lees

RS/ENA/AA & Fusel oil

CO2 Bottling unit



2. Rectification column

3. Fusel Oil Concentration column

4. Extractive Distillation columns

For –ENA mode

1. Degasifying cum analyzer column

2. Pre-rectifier column

3. Extractive Distillation column

4. Rectification Column

5. Refining /Simmering column

6. Fusel Oil Concentration column

7. Head Concentration column

Advantages of MPR Distillation:

a. Maximum heat integration is possible.

b. Few columns operate under vacuum, few under pressure, few under atmospheric pressure.

c. Low steam consumption with reboiler (2.2 Kg/lit. of Rectified Spirit)

d. Spent wash generation is less.

2.4.2.2 Re-Distillation to Manufacture Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA)

ENA is prepared by re-distillation of the rectified spirit (RS) for the removal of impurities like higher

alcohols, aldehydes and methyl alcohol. This is done by, remixing rectified spirit with soft water and

distilling it in the ENA column.

2.4.2.3 Anhydrous Alcohol (AA)

Anhydrous alcohol is an important product required by industry. As per IS specification it is nearly 100%

pure or water free alcohol. Alcohol as manufactured by Indian distilleries is rectified spirit, which is

94.68% alcohol. It is not possible to remove remaining water from rectified spirit by straight distillation

as ethyl alcohol forms a constant boiling mixture with water at this concentration and is known as

azeotrope. Therefore, special process for removal of water is required for manufacture of anhydrous

alcohol. The various processes used for dehydration of alcohol are Azeotropic Distillation, Molecular

Sieves and Evaporation / Vapor permeation system.

Details of molasses and product storage tanks are given in Table 2.9



Table 2.9: Details of Storage Tanks

Specifications for Receivers & Storage Tanks – Thickness as Per IS-803-1976

# Particulars Quantity Total Capacity (in m3)

Existing

1. Rectified spirit receivers 9 268.5

2. Impure spirit receivers 6 49

3. * Rectified spirit storage tanks 7 3550

4. Denaturant tank 1 30

5. Ethanol receivers 3 180

6. Ethanol storage tanks 4 2800

7. Molasses storage at distillery (Tons) 4 29822 MT

Proposed

8. Rectified spirit receivers 3 180

9. * Rectified spirit storage tanks 4 1200

10. Impure spirit storage tank 1 200

11. Fusel oil storage tank 1 10

12. RS day tank 1 250

13. Ethanol receivers 3 180

14. * Ethanol storage tank 2 1000

* These are provided with flame arrester & cooling vent condenser. The level indicators provided on all

tanks. Receivers are also provided with flame arrester (SS-304).

Vent Condenser for storage tank and necessary piping will be provide as per requirement. Turbine

type Flow meter with totalizer will be provide as per requirement.

2.5 FIRE AND SAFETY

Fire protection system is provided in accordance to PESO, OISD-117 and LPA regulations. The

firefighting system consists of a hydrant network, piping etc, (along with water storage of 75 lac litres).

Fire protection system also include one electric driven pump, one diesel engine driven pump, one jockey

pump, piping, basin etc. Water hydrants are provided at all strategic points. A suitable Fire ring system

as per the guidelines of TAC will be incorporated. Non-flame proof and flame proof area is separated

by minimum distance of 15 meters. Portable fire extinguishers will also be provided in strategic

locations viz., power house, control rooms, switch yard.

2.5.1 Types of fire extinguisher for use in the plant

1. Dry Powder Type (stored pressure) fire extinguisher suitable for firewood, cloth, paper oil, petrol,

kerosene flammable material, gases, electrically started fires-ISI 3849 (ABC class fire).



2. Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher suitable for – All flammable liquids, gasses, Live and Delicate

machinery fix, Electrical and sophisticated electronics equipment fires IS 2878 (BC class fire).

3. Dry chemical Power fire extinguisher suitable for – Fire of oils, solvents, gasses, paints varnish,

electrical wiring, Live machinery fires, All flammable liquid and gas fires IS 2171, ISI 0658 (BC class

of fire)

4. Mechanical foam fire extinguisher (AFFF) suitable for fire of petrol, oil paints, spirits chemicals

flammable liquids.

5. Water CO2 fire extinguisher- Suitable for – fighting of fire of wood, Paper cotton, jute etc. This is

not to be used on oil & electrical fires IS-940, (A) class of fire)

Fire Protective System – Fixed supply of Carbon dioxide from the Tank, normally connected to fixed

piping system with nozzles arranged to discharge CO2 directly on the burning material, equipped with

Fire Alarm, Fire hydrant fm 200/70 and extinguishing system H.V.W / M.V.W Spray system (LOCAL

APPLICATION ONLY). System consists of Alarm Bell, Control panel, remote station, electric control

needed for operating system, Pressure switch Heat detector, Heat collector, and conveyor rail, Drain

Board with dip tank and discharge nozzles.

Automatic fire Sprinkler System (Water Hydrant) – Electro-magnetic dehydration system uses an electric

fire detection system installed in the area as open sprinklers /spray nozzles. Upon sensing a hazard, the

Electromagnetic valve opens

Other safety measures to prevent fire

i. De-aerator shall be located within 20 m from Boiler.

ii. Rapper panel shall be located in boiler area @ Ground level or on Super-heater platform.

iii. HP dosing system shall be located within 10 m from boiler.

iv. LP Dosing system shall be placed within 10 m from De-aerator.

v. Feed water pumps shall be placed within 10 m from De-aerator.

vi. All other auxiliaries of boiler shall be mounted within 10 m from boiler.

vii. Spent wash pumps shall be placed within 10 m from boiler.

2.5.2 Safety Aspects through Design and Engineering

All designs are as per ISI standard specifications and drawings will be approved by factory/electrical

inspectorate/safety inspectorate/weights & measurement inspectorate etc.

The plinth level of distillery building is at min 0.75 m height from developed ground level and it is

to be built by brick masonry. For ground floor flooring of M10 grade (CC1:3:6) as a base concrete is

to be made and its IPS shall be 50 mm of M15 grade (CC1:2:4). Plinth foundation should carry the

load of 4 m height wall safely.

Staircase – M.S. (Chequered plate with supports/grating of 5 mm thick) staircase of 1M wide, 150

mm risers and 300 mm treads with a landing at every 3 m maximum and rails provided on both

sides, thus two staircases are provided up to top floor of distillery building (fermentation and

distillation section). The staircases have to be inside the building.



All floors (except ground) of the distillation building are with MS grating of 5 mm thickness and

each floor height should be minimum 4 m & Chequered plate at a condenser floor of 6 mm

thickness.

All distillation columns accessed from flooring (grating)

The roof of the structures (fermentation, distillation, receivers) is covered totally by pre-coated

sheets (Pre-painted galvanic loom sheet i.e. PPGL sheets) of 0.5 mm thickness.

For anhydrous ethanol receivers & storage tanks PESO guidelines

Distance between flameproof and non-flame proof area min. 15m

The layout takes into account the working space & safety requirement of Factory Inspectorate, Govt.

of Maharashtra State.

2.5.3 Plant Lighting

a. The normal process area lighting compromises of LED lamps.

b. Flameproof light fittings conforming to IS 2148 are provided for hazardous are as particularly in

distillation & storage section. while non-flame proof fittings in other areas.

c. The normal lighting design is based on average illumination levels recommended as per IS &

calculated to take into consideration the aged output of lamps. All operating platforms for all floors

of plant area shall be properly illuminated.

Plant building lighting as per norms & as per Electrical inspectorate / factory inspectorate norms.

2.5.4 Energy and Water Saving Measures

High alcohol percentage in fermented wash can result in substantial reduction in steam

consumption.

It is possible to recycle low strength waste i.e. process condensate, spent lees etc. in distillery after

treatment. This will reduce fresh water consumption for process/non-process applications.

2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

The environmental aspects of the distillery expansion project include management of effluents, air

emissions and solid wastes. The following table gives and overview of the environmental

management processes used.



Table 2.10: Overview of Environmental management processes

# Waste product and source Treatment and disposal

1. Effluent/Wastewater

Spent wash In case C Heavy/ B-Heavy molasses is used as feedstock,

Raw spent wash will be concentrated in standalone

Multi effect evaporation; Conc. spent wash of >55-60%

solids will be burnt in new incineration boiler with coal

or bagasse (During off-season of sugar mill)

In case sugarcane juice or syrup is used as feedstock,

the raw spentwash will be concentrated and then

treated through anaerobic digestion after which the

bio-methanated spentwash will be composted with

pressmud cake (during cane crushing season)

Spent lees, condensate from MEE

and Other effluent

Treated in CPU; comprised of primary treatment of

effluent followed by aeration as secondary treatment and

tertiary treatment

Hot water recycled after cooling

Sewage: Domestic wastewater It will be treated in STP

2. Gaseous and dust emission

Flue gasses from boilers

Due to burning of spent wash with

coal

Particulate emissions will be controlled by ESP and then

vented through a new stack of height 62 m

Mechanized handling and transportation of coal and ash

Greenbelt area existing of 24.98 Ha

Coal and ash handling Dust quenching and/or dust suppression system will be

provided to control fugitive dust from coal and ash

handling

Diesel generators It will be operational only when captive power supply

failure, hence emissions anticipated to be less frequent

and minor

Fermentation unit: (CO2) Fermenters will be covered; CO2 will be scrubbed, CO2

bottling plant will be installed

3 Solid waste

Boiler ash It will be used in brick manufacturing unit

Fermented sludge: Yeast sludge,

CPU sludge

The sludge from fermenter will be degradable, containing

organic nutrient and microelements. It will be disposed

on land after analysis.



2.6.1 WATER POLLUTION ASPECT

2.6.1.1 Distillery Effluent

The mother liquor left after distillation of alcohol is called as spent wash. It is highly acidic and normal

micro fauna and flora cannot survive in it except a few fungi. Fresh raw spent wash has temperature in

the range 70-850C. The general characteristics of raw spentwash are given in table 2.11. It is rich in

organic matter, contains high BOD/COD. Its brown color is aesthetically objectionable. In case of

continuous fermentation distilleries, the yeast is recycled in the process and de-yeasted wash is distilled

and spent wash does not contain yeast. The quantity of spent wash produced is approx. 8 L/L of alcohol

produced. Proper treatment of this effluent is necessary. The highly concentrated spent wash will be

disposed to achieve “Zero Spent Wash Discharge” as per CPCB norms. The spent wash evaporation

condensate quantity and distillation plant spent lees will be treated in condensate polishing unit (CPU)

and reused for distillery cooling tower or for fermentation process.

Table 2.11: General characteristics of raw spent wash using final i.e. C-heavy molasses

# Parameter Value

1. Volume, Lit./Lit. of Alcohol 8-10

2. Colour Dark brown

3. pH 4.0-4.3

4. COD 1,10,000-1,30,000

5. BOD 55,000-65,000

6. Solids -

Total 1,30,000-1,60,000

volatile 60,000-75,000

Inorganic dissolved 35,000-45,000

7. Chlorides 6,000-7,500

8. Sulphates 4,500-8,500

9. Total nitrogen 1,000-1,400

10 Potassium 10,000-14,000

11 Phosphorus 300-500

12 Sodium 1,400-1,500

13 Calcium 4,500-6,000

All parameters except pH, volume and colour in mg/L

2.6.1.2 Treatment and disposal of distillery spentwash

There are three scenarios for the treatment and disposal of distillery spentwash to achieve zero liquid

discharge or ZLD. These are described in detail below

a. In case C-molasses is used as raw material, it is estimated that, the project after expansion i.e. at

100 KLPD capacity will produce 800 m3 of spentwash (@8 L per L of alcohol). After treated in IMEE

followed by MEE, the concentrated spentwash will be 200 m3/day with 60% solids. The spent wash



having 60% solids will be fired in an incineration boiler along with coal/bagasse as a supplementary

fuel. Considering this, the concentrated spent wash (@60% solids) will have 200 m3/day volume

which will be 248 tons in weight. Concentrated spent wash is burnt into incineration boiler with coal

in a ratio of 70:30. A schematic of the ZLD scheme with mass balance is given in figure 2.7

Figure 2.7 Schematic diagram of Water and Mass Balance with Zero Liquid Discharge when C

heavy molasses is used as feedstock

b. In case B-Heavy molasses is used as raw material, it is estimated that, the project after expansion

i.e. at 150 KLPD capacity will produce 1200 m3 of spent wash (8.0 L per L of alcohol). In case of

proposed expansion, the raw spent wash having 10% solids of 1200 m3/day will be sent to

integrated multi-effect evaporation unit. Here, its volume will be reduced maximum up to 600



m3/day with 20% solids. Then, 600 m3/day with 24% solids spent wash will feed to stand alone

multiple effect evaporation plant for concentration up to 60% solids. The concentrated spent wash

generation after standalone evaporation will be 200 m3/day with 60% solids. Its volume will get

reduced due to evaporation of water and increase in the solid concentration. The spent wash having

60% solids will be fired in an incineration boiler along with coal as a supplementary fuel.

Considering this, the concentrated spent wash (@60% solids) will have 200 m3/day volume which

will be 248 tons in weight. Concentrated spent wash is burnt into incineration boiler with coal in a

ratio of 70:30. A schematic of the ZLD scheme with mass balance is given in figure 2.8

Figure 2.8 Schematic diagram of Water and Mass Balance with Zero Liquid Discharge

when B heavy molasses will be used as feedstock



c. Incase sugarcane syrup is used as raw material, volume of raw spentwash generated will be 500

m3/day @ 8% solids which will be concentrated to 225 m3/day @ 16% solids. This will be treated in

existing biogas plant and then bio-methanated spent wash will be mix with pressmud cake to

produce good quality of bio-compost. At present RBPSSKL is having 2 nos of Biodigester of

10,000m3 capacity each out of which one biodigester will be discarded and one digester will be

kept for treatment raw spent wash the generated biogas will be used as a fuel in the existing boiler

of the sugar mill. Sufficient quantity of filler material i.e. press mud cake is available with sugar mill.

Land required for biocompost is approx. 5.66 Ha RBPSSKL is having approximately 17 Ha of compost

yard and 30 days spentwash storage tank which is sufficient for the requirement

A schematic of the ZLD scheme with mass balance is given in figure 2.9 and biocompost

requirement is given in table no. 2.12 & 2.13

Figure 2.9 Schematic diagram of Water and Mass Balance with Zero Liquid Discharge

when sugarcane juice/syrup is used as feedstock



Table 2.12: Composting requirements

Sugar Mill

1. Crushing rate (Capacity 7000 TCD) Average rate 7000

2. Projected Crushing @ 180 days /annum 16,60,000 MT

3. Annual Press mud production @4% 50,400 MT

4. Moisture content of Press mud 70 %

Distillery

5. Capacity (liter /day) (Considering Cane Juice/Syrup as feed stock) 150 KLPD

6. Days of operation (Sugar unit running days) 160 Max.

7. Spent wash production/annum (@ 450 m3/day) 72,000 m3

8. Spent wash production after evaporation (@ 225 m3/day) /annum 36,000 m3

9. Ratio Press mud: Spentwash, (60 days cycle) (w/v) 1:1.6

10. Press mud requirement (in MT per annum) 57,600 MT

11. Culture Required prescribed proportion

Quantity required/year (270days)

1Kg/MT of press mud

57,600 Kg

12. Yard requirement (Maximum) 14 Acres (5.66 Ha)

13. Land provision for compost yard (including storages and green belt) 42 Acres (17 Ha)

Table 2.13: Mass Balance for Compost

# Description Solids Content % Quantity MT Total Solids MT

1. Annual Raw Material

a) Press mud*

b) Spentwash

30

30

36,000

36,000

10,800

10,800

Total 21,600

2. Annual Compost 65 23,400 MT**

**Annual Compost Production: approx. 23,400 MT includes 30-35% of moisture

2.6.1.4 Holding of Spent Wash

Spent wash will be transported through closed conduct, HDPE/RCC pipes. It will be stored in impervious

tanks/lagoons. RBPSSKL is having existing five days impervious spent wash storage lagoon (two in

number) and one 30 days impervious spent wash storage lagoon. In the proposed expansion, lagoons

will be modified in size to maintain the capacities i.e. five and thirty days if required.

Spent wash storage tanks have been constructed as per guidelines of regulatory authority. It will be duly

lined with 200 mm thick black cotton soil (40%) + murum (60%), 400 micron HDPE sheet, pitched by

stone/bricks with SRC mortar and SRC plaster 50 mm thick to prevent leachate. A sectional view of spent

wash holding tank is given in the following figure (Fig. 2.10). Following infrastructure exists for holding

spentwash



a. Spent wash holding tank (max. 5 days) HDPE sheet & PCC/RCC work

b. Barbed wire fencing

c. Pumps and motors

d. HDPE piping

e. Piezometer

f. Green belt, etc.

Figure 2.10: Sectional View of Spent wash Storage Lagoon

2.6.1.5 Process Condensate Treatment Plant (Condensate Polishing Unit - CPU)

Condensate from MEE, spent lees and other low strength waste streams such as cleaning in place will

be sent to this unit where it will be treated in two stages namely –primary treatment and incineration

as final treatment. The details are given below-

i) Spent lees : 225 m3/d

ii) Evaporation plant process condensate : 1000 m3/d

CPU designed capacity will be : 1225 m3/d

The capacity of the existing CPU will be increased through upgradation. The schematic diagram of the

existing treatment system is given in Fig. 2.11



Figure 2.11: Schematic Diagram of CPU

2.6.1.7 Sewage

Estimated domestic wastewater will be 7-8 m3/d, which will be treated in sewage treatment plant i.e.

STP.

2.6.2 Air Emissions and Control Measures

The sources of air pollution are emissions due to combustion of fuel i.e. coal and spent wash in the

incineration boiler furnace; fugitive dust due to handling of coal and ash; processes such as

fermentation, etc. Emissions from diesel generator and vehicles are anticipated as a minor source. ESP

will be installed as air pollution control equipment (APCE), to control fly ash emissions. Flue gases will

be released through new stack of 62 m height with 3.0 m inner diameter. Quantitative estimates of PM

and SO2 from flue gasses is given in detail in Chapter 4. The fermenter will be covered and CO2 will be

scrubbed and bottled. The project already has a greenbelt which will be enhanced. Area provided for



the parking of vehicles is adequate. There is separate parking area for vehicles carrying goods, products

and private vehicles.

2.6.3 Solid Waste Generation and Management

The proposed industrial activity will generate solid waste in the form of yeast and CPU sludge, boiler

ash. The quantity and disposal is given in the following Table 2.12

Table 2.14: Solid waste generation and disposal

# Waste Quantity TPA Disposal

1 Yeast sludge (dry) 25-30 Mixed into soil due to organic nature

2 Ash – total (considering

coal and spentwash) 22620 Sold to brick manufacturing units

3 Distillery CPU Sludge 150-170 Mixed into soil due to organic nature

4 Spent oil from DG 2-5 KL Spent oil is burnt in boiler

2.6.4 Hazardous Waste

Distillation process doesn’t generate any hazardous residue. The only hazardous waste likely to be

generated will be scrap oil from DG set, automobiles, gears etc. DG set will run only in case of failure of

regular power supply. The quantity of used or scrap oil will be low and has been assumed to be around

2000-3000 LPA. This will be stored in leak proof drums in storage yard. This will be disposed off

periodically by burning in boiler furnace along with fuel.

2.7 GREENBELT

The existing greenbelt at RBPSSKL occupies 16.79 Ha and consists of around 10,150 tress of 50 types of

different tree species. The details of tree species in existing greenbelt are given in table 2.13.

Photographs of existing greenbelt are also given in figure 2.12.

Table 2.15: Species composition of existing greenbelt of RBPSSKL

# Species Number # Species Number # Species Number

1 Mango 650 18 Amarsia 15 35 Raywal

mango 175

2 Coconut 635 19 Rudraksh 14 36 Custard apple 50

3 Chickoo 285 20 Aakashmogra 82 37 Acacia 106

4 Jackfruit 82 21 Khaya 81 38 Jacaranda 104

5 Tamarind 440 22 Sagwan 345 39 Silver Oak 190



6 Rain tree 310 23 Eucalyptus 205 40 Neel mohar 95

7 Banyan 60 24 Bakul 115 41 Ashok 580

8 Peepal 110 25 Sankeshwar 85 42 Jamun 135

9 Tamhan 82 26 Ficus 195 43 Christena 110

10 Spathodia 55 27 Mahogany 103 44 Rubber tree 60

11 Sisav 48 28 Kadamba 230 45 Bel 25

12 Gulmohar 150 29 Umbar 100 46 Palas 245

13 Bahava 75 30 Areca Palm 1150 47 Shivan 100

14 Pimparan 33 31 Bitti 1010 48 Ayan 75

15 Karanj 285 32 Pluemria/chafa 155 49 Amla 210

16 Giripushp 80 33 Nirgudi 115

17 Neem 405 34 Bottle palm 105

Total 10,150



Figure 2.12: Existing greenbelt

2.8 COST OF THE PROJECT

The proposed activity of distillery unit will require about Rs. 10424.09 lakhs investment including Rs.

4905 lakh environment management cost (detailed breakup given in Chapter-X) and Rs. 78 lakh

provision towards CER activity. The cost for proposed activity and CER/CSR fund allocation are

mentioned in Table 2.14.

Table 2.16: Project Cost Details

# Particulars Amount, (Rs. Lac)

1. Land and land development works 155.00

2. Building and Civil work 1091.50

3. Plant and machinery including taxes and duties 7900.10

4. Miscellaneous fixed assets 224.20

5. Preliminary and per-operative expenses 690.89

6. Machinery stores/spares 5.00

7. Contingencies @2% 152.40

8. Margin money 25.00

9. Additional provision for environmental management, green belt

and rain water harvesting

180.00

Total Capital Cost 10424.09

10. Additional provision towards CER (0.75% of capital for brownfield

project- rounded)

78.00

Total Project Cost 10502.27

Chapter 3: Description of Environment

EIA Report: Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD

M/s. Rajarambapu Patil SSK Ltd. Sakharale 3-1

3. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

3.1 STUDY AREA

The study area for the proposed project is an area or zone of 10 km radius considering the

site at center. Environmental conditions describe the biological, chemical, physical, social and

economic aspects of the study zone. It is the area where environmental effects and impacts

are likely to get felt during construction or operational stages of the project. Major

environmental parameters considered to describe environmental status of the study area are-

Physical: topography, geology, soil types, surface & ground water, pollution levels.

Biological: terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems present in the study zone, type flora and

fauna, agricultural crops, and further analysis of recorded data, etc.

Socio‐economic environment: demography, development needs and potential,

infrastructure facilities, economic activities etc. It also includes cultural aspects.

Such study provides information on prevailing environmental characteristics of the area and

also provides a description of the status, trends of environmental factors against which

predicted changes can be compared and evaluated.

3.2 STUDY PERIOD, COMPONENTS AND METHODOLOGY

The baseline study begins with site visit and reconnaissance survey in the study area. The

locations for the monitoring and collection of primary data were decided. Primary data for the

study was collected by sampling/monitoring air, water, soil and noise. Data on ecology &

biodiversity, socio-economic environment, geology, hydro-geology of the study zone was

also collected. Data collection was done during December 2020 to Feb 2021 (winter season).

as per the guidelines prescribed by the Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Climate Change

(MoEFCC) for conducting Environmental Impact Assessment study as per EIA notification 2006

and its subsequent amendments. Apart from this, the terms of reference (ToR) are also

considered while monitoring. Specific methodology for sampling and/or analysis is given at

respective section of this report. Data categorization and components are as follows.

Primary data was collected by conducting field monitoring/sampling or survey.

Parameters such as air, noise, water, soil as well as survey for ecology and biodiversity, data

collection on socio-economy through survey was carried out under primary data collection.

Samples collected for air, water and soil were analyzed in the laboratory.

Secondary data: Data related to land use, meteorology, geology and hydro-geology

used from available data i.e. secondary sources. For socio-economic environment, ecology &




biodiversity secondary data was used partially. It was collected from authentic sources, such

as Govt. publications, official websites of various government departments, etc.

3.3 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA

3.3.1 Site and Surrounding Features

The proposed project site is located at village Sakharale, Taluka Walwa of Sangli district,

Maharashtra state. Urun Islampur is around 3.5 km. Site is more or less flat having average

elevation of 582 m above mean sea level. River Krishna is approx. 3.65 away from proposed

site towards northeast. The terrain is almost flat, no hills in the surroundings. Yashwantrao

Chavan Sagareshwar wildlife sanctuary is approx. 13 away from proposed site. There is no

sanctuary, national park or biosphere reserve within 10 km radius. The site and surrounding

area is covered in Survey of India (SOI) toposheet no. E43O8, latitudes and longitudes of

corners of the site are as follows:

1. 17°04'13.96"N & 74°17'24.80"E;

2. 17°04'21.84"N & 74°17'30.41"E;

3. 17°04'16.06"N & 74°17'35.74"E;

4. 17°04'10.05"N & 74°17'27.95"E

Figure 3.1 shows the site and surrounding areas while table 3.1 gives its important features.

Table 3.1: Important Features around the Project Site

# Important Geographical Features Direction Distance*(in km)

1. Nearest Water Bodies: River Krishna NE 3.6

2. Nearest National Park/ Sanctuary

Yashwantrao Chavan Sagreshwar Wildlife Sanctuary

N

13.4

3. Religiously Important places

Shri. Datta Mandir, Audumbar

Meerasaheb Darga, Miraj

W

SE

20.6

47

4. Archeological & Historic Monuments:

Machchindragad

Sangli fort

Prachidgad

N

S

NW

11

37

65.7

5. Nearest Settlements:

Sakharle

Sangli (city and district headquarters)

NW

SE

0.5

36

*Note: All distance are approximate aerial distances from the project site




3.3.1.1 Access

The site is well connected by road, railway as well as air network. It is approx. 8 km away from

the national highway (Pune-Bangalore) no. 48, and 36 km from Sangli, which is the district

headquarter. Karad railway station (on Pune-Miraj-Kolhapur route of central railway) is approx.

35 km from the project site. The Kolhapur airport (approx. 50 km) is the nearest airport to the

site. Pune international airport is approx. 150 km.

Figure 3.1: Satellite image of existing distillery unit

Figure 3.2: Satellite image project site with compost yard




3.3.1.2 Geographical and Environmental Features

From Seismic Zone map (figure 3.3), it can be seen that the proposed site is in earthquake

zone III. In this zone, arthquake intensity of 5 to 7 Richter scale is probable.

Figure 3.3: Earthquake Zone Map of Maharashtra

3.3.2 Land Use Pattern

The land use pattern is an important index of the human, social, cultural and economic

developments. Satellite remote sensing, in conjunction with geographic information systems,

has been widely applied and recognized as an effective tool in analyzing land cover/use

categories. This study evaluates qualitative and quantitative outcome of land cover/use

distribution using remote sensing data and GIS technologies.

3.3.2.1 Software and Hardware Used for the LU study

Resourcesat- 2 image, acquired from ISRO geoportal “Bhuvan” (bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in/) was used

for analysis. Resourcesat-2, carries three cameras (sensors) – a high resolution Linear Imaging

Self Scanner – IV (LISS IV), a medium resolution LISS III, and an advanced Wide Field Sensor

(AWiFS). LISS-III sensor image and spectral characteristics are shown in following table and

image processing was done using Arc GIS 10.4 ver. Software.




Table 3.2: Spectral characteristics of sensor image

# Characteristics Specification

1 Spatial resolution 23.5 meter

2 Swath width 141 kilometer

3 Radiometric resolution 7-bits

4 Spectral resolution Wavelength

5 Band_1 (Green) 520 -590 nm

6 Band_2 (Red) 620 -680 nm

7 Band_3 (NIR) 770 -860 nm

8 Band_4 (SWIR) 1550 -1700 nm

a. Collateral Data

Survey of India (SOI) Toposheet No. E43O8 on 1:50000 scale were used to collect topographic

and location information. The toposheet was used to prepare base map, identification of

sample areas and drainage maps and for planning the traverse route for ground truth

collection.

b. Remote Sensing Data Interpretation

Data was interpreted using digital image interpretation technique by supervised classification

using software Arc GIS 10.4 ver. Toposheet and other available information (reports, maps

etc.) were used for preparation of land use/ land cover map. The flow of methodology used

for characterization of site area is as follows.

Geo-referencing of imagery with reference to SOI toposheet using Tie Point Editor of

ILWIS software

Demarcation of 10 km radius around the site area and drainage lines available on SOI

toposheet

Interpretation of false colour composite (FCC) using digital image interpretation

technique of land use/land cover to generate pre-field image interpreted base map

For land use/land cover mapping, the boundaries of notified forests were digitized

using SOI toposheet. Satellite data were interpreted for various land use classes like

notified forest, agricultural land, wasteland, habitation and water bodies

Field work was carried out for collection of ground truth from each image

interpretation unit viz. land use

Correlation of image interpretation units with the ground truth observations

Random field checks to verify and validate the land use units and their boundaries




Finalization of land use/land cover maps after field verification

The final output of land use/land cover was prepared using the Software

c. Results: Topobase

Topobase is prepared on the base of toposheet no. E43C8 & E43C12. First toposheet was

scanned and georeferenced based on the four ground control points (GCP) and projected in

UTM projection system with datum WGS84. The 10 km radius area around the site was

delineated and prepare base map. Further base map boundary is used to extract information

from the georeferenced toposheet.

3.3.2.2 Landuse/ Landcover Classes Details

Land use is the man’s activities on and in relation to the land, while land covers describes the

natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil and artificial constructions covering land surface

(Burley, 1961). Land use/ land cover map is an indicator of ecological and overall socio-

economic status of the area. Land use is a product of interaction between a society’s cultural

background skill and its physical needs on the one hand, and the natural potential of the land

on the other. Thus, the land use data and its spatial distribution are very useful for analyzing

and preparing the land use plan of the area

Resource data was classified by digital image interpretation technique by supervised

classification. The other ancillary data such as Toposheet and other available information

(reports, maps etc.) were used for preparation of land use/land cover map. Six land use/land

cover classes identified in total 10 km radius area around project site (refer fig. 3.4 and 3.5).

Whereas the break-up of land use/land cover is show in Fig. 3.4.

Figure 3.4: Landuse/ Landcover statistics for the 10 square km area

88.98%

0.93%

3.69%2.4%

4.02%

0.048%

Area (Ha)

Crop land

Forest land

Habitation

River

Scrub land

Water body




Figure 3.5: Land use/land cover map of the study area

3.3.3 Climatic Conditions of the District

The climate of district is overall agreeable and is characterize by general dryness in the major

part of the year. The cold season is from December to about the middle of February. The hot

season which follows, lasts till the end of May. June to September is the south-west monsoon

season and the two months, October and November, constitute the post-monsoon or

retreating monsoon season.

(Source:https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/SANGLI/gen_climate.html)

3.3.3.1 Rainfall

The average annual rainfall in Sangli district is approx. 692.40 mm. The western part of the

district, particularly Western Ghats receives considerably higher rain than the rest of the

district. The rainfall gradually decreases from the Western Ghats towards the eastern portions

of the district; some rainfall in the form of thundershowers occurs in May but the main rainy

season is from June to September. The rainfall in the south-west monsoon months is about

68% of the annual total. July is the month with the heaviest rainfall. About 19% of the annual

rainfall is receive in the post-monsoon season.




Figure 3.6: Annual rainfall pattern for Islampur

3.3.3.2 Temperature

The average temperature for a month, ranges from 17-39°C throughout the year. Monthly

average temperature data is given below-

Figure 3.7: Annual Temperature pattern for Islampur

Source: https://www.worldweatheronline.com/islampur-weather

averages/maharashtra/in.aspx

https://www.worldweatheronline.com/islampur-weather%20averages/maharashtra/in.aspx

https://www.worldweatheronline.com/islampur-weather%20averages/maharashtra/in.aspx




3.3.3.3 Relative Humidity

The relative humidity depends on the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere and also on

temperature. The humidity is generally high in the monsoon season and decreases in the post

monsoon season. The maximum humidity in the study area ranges between 60 to 80 percent

in the month of August and minimum humidity ranges from 30-40 percent in the month of

March and April.

Figure 3.8: Humidity and cloud cover pattern for Islampur

Source: https://www.worldweatheronline.com/islampur-weather-

averages/maharashtra/in.aspx

3.3.3.4 Cloudiness

Skies are generally clear or lightly clouded during the months November to March. Cloudiness

begins to increase progressively from April and afternoons are more clouded than the

mornings. During the monsoon months the skies are heavily clouded to overcast.

3.3.3.5 Winds

Depressions in the Arabian Sea during May and June, which move northwards, near the coast

and depressions from the Bay of Bengal during the monsoon season moving across Madhya

Pradesh affect the weather over the district causing local winds. Occasionally depressions from

Bay of Bengal during October move westwards across the peninsula emerge into the Arabian

Sea and move forwards the Gulf of Cambay. Such depressions also affect the district.

Winds are generally light to moderate with increase in speed during half of summer and in

monsoon season. The predominance is W and NW in summer months, SW and W in monsoon

and post monsoon months from NE, E and SE and in winter months from N.

https://www.worldweatheronline.com/islampur-weather-averages/maharashtra/in.aspx

https://www.worldweatheronline.com/islampur-weather-averages/maharashtra/in.aspx




Figure 3.9: Wind Rose

Figure 3.10: Wind Class Frequency Distribution




3.3.3.5.1 Wind Speed and Wind Direction

The windrose diagram was prepared from site meteorological data in order to assess the wind

pattern i.e. direction, speed and frequency. The windrose diagram for the proposed site shows

following features. The predominant wind direction during monitored season was from

southeast, east followed by north. The recorded data show that the wind velocity majorly

observed between 1 to 13 km/ hr (>71 %) for the study period. Calm condition found for 10.4

% of total time during December 2020 to Feb 2021. A wind rose diagram (Fig. 3.9) shows the

wind pattern and shows frequency of wind class for the site (Fig. 3.10).

3.4 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING (Data on Soil, Water, Air and Noise Aspects)

Environmental monitoring for baseline data collection in study area was carried out December

2020 to Feb 2021. Details of the parameters monitored with their frequency are given in table

3.3. Monitoring locations are detailed in table 3.4. Figure 3.11 shows the monitoring locations

marked on the satellite image.

Table 3.3: Environmental Features and Frequency of Data Collection

# Feature Parameter No. of

Locations

Frequency of Monitoring / Sampling/Data

Collection

1 AAQM PM10, PM2.5, SO2,

NO2 and CO

8 Sample duration 24 h; twice a week at each

identified location - during the study period of

winter season. CPCB Guidelines for the

Measurement of Ambient Air Pollutants

Volume-I, May 2011 and IS 5182 part 14:2000

(RA 2019) are used for ambient air quality

monitoring.

Fine dust samplers used-(Instrumex make).

2 Micro-

Meteorology

Temperature,

Wind speed &

direction, RH,

pressure,

rainfall.

1 The meteorological data of site and

surrounding has been collected by installing a

MET station at site. Data collected for winter

season. In-house fabricated met station was

used.

3 Surface water

quality

Physical,

Chemical &

Biological

6 Once during study period of winter season. (as

per CPCB guidelines Water Quality Monitoring

(MINARS/2007-08) used for water monitoring

location and Guide Manual: Water and




Wastewater Analysis is followed for water

sample collection

4 Ground water

quality

Physical,

chemical

and biological

8 Once during study period of winter season. (as

per CPCB guidelines Water Quality Monitoring

(MINARS/2007-08) used for water monitoring

location and Guide Manual: Water and

Wastewater Analysis is followed for water

sample collection

5 Ecology Existing flora

and fauna.

25

quadrats

Data on flora through field visits –tree species

characterization using quadrat method &

applying Raunkiaer’s Law of Frequency

Fauna: data thro’ field visit as well as using

secondary sources

6 Ambient

Noise levels

Noise levels in

dB(A)

8 Once during the study period for 24 Hr.

observation ‘protocol for ambient level noise

monitoring’ (July 2015)

Noise pollution regulation in India published

by CPCB (2001)

Cassela Make Leq meter

7 Soil

characteristics

Physical and

chemical

parameters

8 Sub surface composite samples collected

once during the study period. Soil sample

collection is done as per as per soil analysis

reference book by author M.I. Jackson

8 Socio-

economic

Environment

SE

characteristics,

Demography,

Occupation

characteristics,

existing

amenities and

quality of life.

14

Villages

Survey carried out using in-house developed

questionnaire. Data collected from secondary

sources for other attributes. (e.g. Census data)

and some data collected during field surveys.

9 Land use /

Land Cover

Land use for

different land

use

classifications.

- Land use / Land Cover Analysis using satellite

imagery and GIS Technique.




Table 3.4: Monitoring Locations # Location Directio

n

Distance

(km)

Parameters

(Sample collected for)

1 Project Site - - Air, Ground Water, Soil, Noise

2 Sakharale NW 0.5 Air (Downwind), Ground Water, Soil, Noise

3 Islampur W 3.1 Air (Downwind), Ground Water, Soil, Noise

4 Borgaon NE 4.1 Air (Upwind), Ground Water, Soil, Noise

5 Hubalwadi N 3.3 Air (Upwind), Noise

6 Kapuskhed NW 4.5 Air (Downwind), Ground Water, Soil, Noise

7 Near compost yard SE 2.3 Air (Upwind), Ground water, Noise

8 Rajarambapu medical

college

S 3.7 Air (Cross wind), Noise

9 Farnewadi NE 4.4 Surface water

10 Bahe N 4.7 Surface and Ground water, Soil

11 Junekhed E 7.4 Surface water (Lake)

12 Sainagar Islampur SW 4.4 Surface water (Lake)

13 Tujarpur S 6.4 Surface water (Lake)

14 Peth W 6.6 Ground water, Soil

15 Nerle NW 7.2 Surface water (Lake), Soil

Figure 3.11: Monitoring Location Map




3.4.1 Soil: General characteristics for the district

The soil is a most important physical base for an agricultural enterprise and play a very

significant role in the agricultural economy of the region. Climate is having a significant

influence on soil formations in Sangli district. The district has three distinct climatic zones. The

western zone receives very heavy rainfall and has lateritic soils on Up-Ghats and reddish brown

soils on hill slopes, the latter being developed on parent material of trap rock. The transition

zone of Krishna valley has deep black soils of alluvial origin. The third i.e. eastern drier zone

consists largely of granular black soils and poor shallow soils. Saline-alkaline soils are met

with in the low-lying patches in the areas of low rainfall. The study zone of the project is

situated close to Krishna river belt, where soils are mainly deep black and medium-deep soil.

3.4.1.1 Soil quality

Soil is the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically

consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles. Soil is an essential

component of the terrestrial ecosystem. Soil also acts as a medium of transport of various

dissolved materials to the underlying ground water. Hence the impact of the proposed

activities on soil needs to be understood for proper mitigation measure whenever required.

Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the study area. Hence it is necessary to

identify the impacts in the study area on the soil characteristics, which would affect the

agricultural and a forestation potential.

3.4.1.2 Ground truth collection and soil analysis

Using the available base map and land use land cover map, the area was traversed for

identification of present land use/land cover classes. To understand the soil variability based

on land use map, eight locations were selected for soil sampling within the 10 km radius of

the study area. Nearly 2.0 kg of representative soil samples collected from each location at a

depth of 30 cm.

3.4.1.3 Soil analysis

The bulk soil samples collected during the field work were initially air dried in laboratory at

room temperature, ground using wooden mortar and pestle, screened through 2 mm sieve,

properly labeled and stored in polythene bags for laboratory analysis. Soils were analyzed for

pH, electrical conductivity (1:2.5 H2O), organic carbon, organic matter, moisture percentage,

available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium using standard methods.




3.4.1.4 Observations

The data pertaining to soil analysis have been presented in Table 3.5 and salient chemical

characteristics of the soils have been discussed in the following paragraphs.

Table 3.5: Soil analysis results of samples from the study area

# Parameters

Proj

ect

site

Sakh

aral

e

Isla

mpu

r

Borg

aon

Kapu

skhe

d

Peth

Ner

la

Bahe

1 pH 8.1 7.6 6.4 8 7.6 7.7 8 8.2

2 Electrical

conductivity (dSm-1) 2.79 0.137 0.375 0.186 0.903 1.508

0.34

3 0.615

3 Organic Carbon (%) 1.51 1.51 2.09 0.91 1.45 1.43 0.96 1.22

4 Organic matter (%) 2.6 2.6 3.6 1.58 2.5 2.47 1.66 2.11

5 Moisture (%) 18.26 17.37 13.54 8.71 12.5 12.3 6.2 15.8

6 Available Nitrogen

(kg ha-1)

119.2 128.6 134.8 112.9 128.6 166.2 116 344.9

7 Available

Phosphorus (kg ha-1) 21.99 22.74 14.17 11.58 10.82 12.08 3.01 20.53

8 Available Potassium

(kg ha-1) 650 300 420 384 324 424 361 426

The pH indicates the potential of ionizable hydrogen ion and represents the degree of acidity

or alkalinity in soils. Based on pH (soil reaction), the soils are grouped as acidic, alkaline or

neutral. The pH of the soils ranged from 6.4– 8.2 (slightly acidic – moderately alkaline).The

electrical conductivity is a measure of soluble salt concentration in the soils. The EC of the

soils ranged from 0.13 – 2.79 dSm-1. The soils are within the acceptable limit and not of much

consequence for growing a range of crops. Organic carbon is an indicator of organic fraction

in soils formed from microbial decomposition of organic residues. It acts as a major factor

regulating the organic forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and trace elements in the soils.

It also improves the soil structure, infiltration rate and nutrient retention and reduces soil

erosion. Organic matter percentage varies from 1.58- 3.6 percentages and the organic carbon

content in the soils varies from 0.91 to 2.09 per cent.

Each plant species needs a different range of soil moisture in order to absorb water

and nutrients efficiently and stabilize the plant. Soil moisture percentage of study area varies

from 6.2 – 18.26 percentages. The available nitrogen content of soils varied from 116.03 to




344.96 Kg ha-1 which is low to Moderate in almost all the soil samples of site because of

intensive cultivation. Most of soils have phosphorous content in very low to moderately high

category which varied from 3.01 to 22.74 Kg ha-1. The available Potassium content of soils

varied from 300 to 650 Kg ha-1. Most of the soils of site area are high in potash.

3.4.2 Hydrology

Drainage basins can be described by the order of streams within them. Streams that have no

tributaries (or streams flowing into it) are termed first order streams. When two first order

streams join, they become second order steam. When second order stream is joined by

another stream, it forms third order stream and so on. Figure 3.12 i.e. Drainage map of a study

area shows highest order of drainage as 4th order.

Figure 3.12: Drainage Map of Study Area

3.4.2.1 Water Quality Characteristics

In order to assess the water quality, eight groundwater and six surface water samples were

collected within 10 km study area and were examined for physico chemical and bacteriological

parameters as per Standard Methods for the Examination of Water & Wastewater (APHA). The

same were compared with drinking water standard IS 10500:2012. The results of the analysis

are presented in Table 3.6 and 3.7.




Table 3.6: Analysis report – Surface water sources from the study area

# Characteristics

Un

its

Farn

ewad

i

Bah

e

Jun

e K

hed

Isla

mp

ur

Tuja

rpu

r

Ner

le

Limits

as per

IS

10500:

2012

1 pH - 7.7 7.6 7.8 7.8 8.2 8 6.5- 8.5

2 TSS mg/l 12 10 14 8 10 12

3 TDS mg/l 138 148 108 440 232 190 500

4 TS mg/l 154 160 212 456 194 204

5

EC µmh

os/c

m

302 252 332 1084 302 127

6 Total Alkalinity (as

CaCO3)

mg/l 100 125 112.5 100 137.5 150 <200

7 Total Hardness (as

CaCO3)

mg/l 160 120 140 280 180 160 <200

8 Calcium (as Ca) mg/l 24.05 16.03 16.03 72.14 24.05 32.06 <75

9 Magnesium (as Mg) mg/l 24.30 19.44 24.3 24.3 29.16 19.4 <30

10 Chloride (as Cl-) mg/l 33.98 39.98 21.99 139.95 73.97 9.57 <250

11 Sulphate (as SO4-2) mg/l 0.49 1.38 0.79 105.43 5.34 8.41 <200

12 Residual Chlorine mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.2

13 Silica (SiO2) mg/l 1 1.33 1.41 1.22 1.3 0.95

14 DO mg/l 3.8 3.8 3.4 3 3.1 3.3

15 BOD3 (at 27 0C ) mg/l 6.2 7.59 6.7 7.5 6.2 7

16 COD mg/l 18 20 16 18 16 18

17 Phosphate (as PO4 -2) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

18 Nitrate (as NO3 -2) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <45

19 Sodium (as Na) mg/l 38 42 20 77 72 52

20 Potassium (as K) mg/l 20 25 20 22 23 10

21 Cadmium (Cd) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.0003

22 Lead (Pb) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.01

23 Chromium (as Cr) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.05

24 Copper (as Cu) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.05

25 Iron (as Fe) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.3

26 Manganese (Mn) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.1




Table 3.7: Analysis report - Groundwater sources from the study area

27 Nickel (as Ni) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.02

28 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <5

29 Total coliform /100

ml

Abse

nt

Absent Abse

nt

Absent Abse

nt

Absent

30 E.coli /100

ml

Abse

nt

Absent Abse

nt

Absent Abse

nt

Absent

# Characteris

tics Uni

ts

Proj

ect

Site

Sakh

aral

e

Isla

mpu

r

Bore

gaon

Kapu

skhe

da

Peth

Ner

le

Bahe

Com

post

Sit

e

Lim

its a

s p

er IS

10

500:

201

2

1 pH

- 7.9 7.3 7.7 8 7.8 7.3 8.2 8.5 7.6 6.5-

8.5

2 TSS mg/l 14 12 16 14 12 10 10 8 10

3 TDS mg/l 238 360 242 242 168 182 358 338 380 500

4 TS mg/l 252 366 260 268 182 162 372 350 390

5 EC µmho

s/cm 442 602 426 329 282 256 570 562 625

6 Total

Alkalinity* mg/l 125 137.5 100 150 162.5 112.5 150 112.5 100 <200

7 Total

Hardness * mg/l 120 320 40 160 120 200 100 180 100 <200

8 Calcium (as

Ca) mg/l 16.0 104 8.02 34.0 24.0 48.1 56 16.0 54 <75

9 Magnesiu

m (as Mg) mg/l 19.4 14.58 4.86 8.02 8.02 19.4 16 48.6 40 <30

10 Chloride

(as Cl-) mg/l 79.9 95.97 56.24 18.9 14.98 69.9 153.9 115 119.84 <250

11 Sulphate

(as SO4-2)

mg/l 57.4 64.85 48.25 4.05 3.36 4.25 107 105 91.08 <200

12 Residual

Chlorine mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.2

13 Silica

(SiO2) mg/l 1 1.3 3.58 1.29 1.3 1.3 12 1.33 1.3

14 DO mg/l 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.4




*(as CaCO3)

3.4.2.1.1 Observations

On the basis of the below test result(s), the surface water, sample collected from said locations

are fulfilling the criteria of the specified Limits of IS 10500:2012. In case of groundwater

samples collected from village Sakharale total Hardness found high and concentration of

calcium is higher than the desirable standard. Other parameters are within the limit. The

analysis results show that the water is not potable and needs to be treated appropriately prior

to use for drinking.

15 BOD3 (at

27 0C) mg/l 5.6 6.7 5.4 5.4 6.2 6.6 5.6 8.1 6.7

16 COD mg/l 14 16 12 14 12 14 12 14 16

17 Phosphate

(as PO4 -2)

mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

18 Nitrate (as

NO3 -2)

mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <45

19 Sodium (as

Na) mg/l 40 55 82 85 56 25 62 30 60

20 Potassium

(as K) mg/l 20 22 32 14 21 20 70 25 20

21 Cadmium

(Cd) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

<0.00

03

22 Lead (Pb) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.01

23 Chromium

(as Cr) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.05

24 Copper (as

Cu) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.05

25 Iron (as Fe) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.3

26 Manganese

(Mn) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.1

27 Nickel (as

Ni) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.02

28 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <5

29 Total

coliform

/100

ml

Abs

ent

Abse

nt

Absen

t

Abs

ent

Abse

nt

Abse

nt

Abse

nt

Abse

nt Absent

30 E.coli /100

ml

Abs

ent

Abse

nt

Absen

t

Abs

ent

Abse

nt

Abse

nt

Abse

nt

Abse

nt Absent




3.4.3 Hydro-geology

The major part of the district is underlain by Deccan lava flows of Upper Cretaceous to Eocene

Age, where it is restricted along the banks of the river. A map depicting hydrogeological

features is shown in Fig. 3.13 and is discussed below.

Figure 3.13: Hydrogeological map of Sangli district

Source: Groundwater information Sangli district, Maharashtra Report, 2013

Hard rock (Basaltic lava flows/Deccan Traps)- Deccan Traps are horizontally disposed thick

piles of basaltic lava flows, which are apparently more or less uniform in composition. Each

individual flow is a typical section, which varies from porous, weathered base to massive

middle unit and becoming increasingly vesicular towards top. Each flow (lower flow and upper

flow) is separated from each other by intermittent bole bed, which is normally red in colour

and called red bole. These bole beds comprise clay which is deposited between two lava

eruptions, thus an individual flow forms a district hydrogeological unit as they differ in respect

of capacity to receive, stock and transmit water due to the inherent physical characteristics

like porosity and permeability.

The vesicular unit of each flow inter connecting vesicles, which provides more space for

storage and movement of ground water. However, in "pahoehoe" type of flow, vesicles are

separated and sealed, while in "aa" type of flows vesicles are concentrated in upper 20 to 40%

of thickness of individual flows. These vesicles are more susceptible to weathering and

therefore form good potential aquifers particularly at shallow depth. The massive unit of the

flow is basically dense compact and hard and devoid of primary porosity. However, the

porosity and permeability have been found to change within the flow and individual unit, from




flow to glow and from place to place. Therefore, the varieties of physical characteristics of

basaltic units amongst themselves give rise to varying degree of ground water productively

in same places.

Ground water in these basaltic flows occurs in the weathered mantle, joints and fractures

which serves as loci for accumulation. The degree of fracturing and weathering plays dominant

role in storage of ground water particularly in massive portion of these units as they lack

primary porosity and permeability whereas the vesicular portion of these flows are

characterized by both primary and secondary porosity and interconnection of vesicles and

void are created by tectonic disturbances. The yield potential of these formations becomes

quite significant, when shallow Trappean beds are sufficiently thick and wide in real extent.

The red bole bed occurs as top unproductive layer on each flow and forms marker horizon in

prospecting ground water, as it is associated with more porous bed lying underneath.

Soft Rock (Alluvium)- Alluvium deposits in Sangli district occurs in very thin and isolated

pockets along the major rivers. These deposits comprise of upper layer of silty material

underlain by layers of coarse detrital materials like sand and gravel with admixture of clay.

The coarse detrital material occurring as thin layer or lenses form good water bearing strata

while finer material does not permit movement of ground water. The thickness of these

deposits in Sangli district varies from 10 to 40 m.

(Source: Groundwater information Sangli district, Maharashtra Report, 2013)

Water bearing formation Basalt- Weathered/fractured / jointed / vesicular/ massive/ under phreatic ,Semi confined, Confined

Minimum (mbgl) Maximum (mbgl)

Pre monsoon depth to water level 0.35 16.45

Post monsoon water level 0.2 11.0

Ground water fluctuation ranges between 0.15 m to 10.28m

(Source: Groundwater information Sangli district, Maharashtra Report, 2013)

3.4.4 Air Environment

Ambient air quality of the study area was assessed through a network of 8 air monitoring

stations, considering the wind pattern for the study area. The monitoring locations are shown

in figure 3.10. The observed 24-hour Minimum, Maximum and average value of PM10, PM2.5,

SO2, NO2 (8hrs) a concentration is given in a following figures 3.14 to 3.18.

Methods used for AAQ analysis: PM2.5& PM10: USEPA, NOx: IS- 5182 (Part vi) 2006, SO2: IS-

5182 (Part ii) 2001.




Results of sample testing are presented in graph using minimum, maximum, 98th percentile

and average values of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 (8hrs) a concentration.

3.4.4.1 Observations

The values for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 for all monitored locations were well within National

Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) Standard limits.

PM10: PM10 level were found ranging from 56.89 to 79.76μg/m3. The highest PM10 levels were

found at MIDC Sakhrale i.e. 79.76μg/m3. This is mainly due to industrial activities of MIDC and

transportation associated with industrial activity.

PM10 level of 56.89μg/m3 observed lowest amongst all monitored location. It was reported at

Compost yard site. It was observed mainly when calm conditions were predominant. Locations

such as Rajaramnagar were up wind locations and Sakhrale at downwind for the project site.

As a result, PM 10 levels vary more or less in the same range for all locations. The PM10 in the

study area anticipated mainly wind driven (due to industrial and transportation activities).

Other elements such as vehicular emissions, dust from paved/unpaved roads, combustion of

biomass/fossil fuels for cooking, open agriculture burning, etc. having minor contribution.

Figure: 3.14: Ambient air monitoring results of PM10

PM2.5: The highest PM2.5 level was observed at MIDC Sakhralei.e. 35.39μg/m3, while the lowest

level was observed at Compost yard20.56μg/m3. The average PM2.5 level at Sakhrale i.e. nearest

residential area to the site was 28.92μg/m3. No specific trend as such observed from the

results. This area is industrially less developed. Therefore, the baseline levels are mainly due

to local activities (e.g. agricultural activities, transportation and other domestic activities).

ProjectSite

SalunkeVasti

Rajaramnagar

SakhraleHubalwadi

Compostyard

Rajarambapu

medicalclg

MIDCSakhrale

Minimum 65.04 60.42 59.42 66.2 62.29 56.89 61.92 58.3

Maximum 72.98 67.95 73.39 74.56 71.69 67.61 69.94 79.76

Average 68.65 64.74 68.66 69.04 66.99 62.97 65.75 74.48

98th Percentile 72.7 67.91 72.05 73.52 70.92 66.81 69.87 79.39

0102030405060708090

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n in

µg/

m3

PM 10




Figure: 3.15: Ambient air monitoring result of PM2.5

Sulfur Dioxide: The highest level of SO2 was found at Salunke vasti and MIDC Sakhrale i.e.

25.52 μg/m3 whereas lowest level was found at village Rajarambapu patil medical college

15.63 μg/m3. The average SO2 level at nearest residential area i.e. Sakhralae is 22.24 μg/m3.

Rajaramnagar is the up wind locations and Sakhrale is the downwind locations for the project

site. Industrial activities, burning of fossil fuels and vehicular emissions are the main source of

SO2 emission.

Figure: 3.16: Ambient air monitoring result of SO2

ProjectSite

SalunkeVasti

Rajaramnagar

SakhraleHubalwadi

Compostyard

Rajarambapu

medicalclg

MIDCSakhrale

Minimum 24.2 20.83 25.12 25.16 22.75 20.56 25.07 25.86

Maximum 31.6 28.9 32.64 32.64 32.52 32.35 33.18 35.39

Average 28.91 25.89 29.14 28.92 28.8 28.7 28.66 31.82

98th Percentile 31.42 28.64 32.06 32.1 32.28 32.19 32.89 35.39

05

10152025303540

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n in

µg/

m3 PM 2.5

ProjectSite

SalunkeVasti

Rajaramnagar

SakhraleHubalwadi

Compostyard

Rajarambapu

medicalclg

MIDCSakhrale

Minimum 16.67 19.76 18.75 19.27 20.31 17.71 15.63 18.23

Maximum 25 25.52 24.48 25 25 22.92 23.96 25.52

Average 21.19 22.25 22.07 22.24 22.42 20.29 20.96 22.61

98th Percentile 24.5 25.27 24.48 25 24.77 22.69 23.5 25.52

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n in

µg/

m3

SO2




Nitrogen Dioxide: The highest level of NO2was found at Rajaramnagar 37.69 μg/ m3 whereas

lowest level was found at Rajarambapu medical college 21.49 μg/m3. The average NO2 level

at nearest residential area i.e. Sakhrale is 27.06μg/m3. The main sources of NO2 emission were

observed i.e. industrial activities & vehicular movements.

Figure 3.17: Ambient air monitoring result of NO2

CO: From figure 3.18, it can be observed that, CO concentration varied between 0.21 mg/m3

to 0.4 mg/m3 in the study zone during the monitored period. CO level recorded at the Project

site i.e. 0.22 mg/m3 observed minimum for the study area.

Figure 3.18: Ambient air monitoring results of CO

ProjectSite

SalunkeVasti

Rajaramnagar

SakhraleHubalwadi

Compostyard

Rajarambapu

medicalclg

MIDCSakhrale

Minimum 23.1 21.59 22.91 21.59 23.77 21.68 21.49 25.66

Maximum 33.9 32 37.69 31.15 30.68 30.02 32 36.17

Average 28.83 27.86 29.31 27.06 27.23 26.6 27.02 31.07

98th Percentile 33.58 31.68 36.96 30.44 30.55 29.81 31.84 36.13

05

10152025303540

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n in

µg/

m3

NO2

ProjectSite

SalunkeVasti

Rajaramnagar

SakhraleHubalwadi

Compostyard

Rajarambapu

medicalclg

MIDCSakhrale

Minimum 0.22 0.25 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.23

Maximum 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.4 0.37 0.4 0.4 0.39

Average 0.31 0.32 0.29 0.31 0.29 0.31 0.3 0.31

98th Percentile 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.4 0.37 0.4 0.39 0.39

00.05

0.10.15

0.20.25

0.30.35

0.40.45

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n in

µg/

m3

CO




Figure 3.19: Breakpoint pollutant concentration for Indian air quality index (AQI) and

its impacts

Source: Air Quality Status of Maharashtra 2018-19: Report by TERI and MPCB

According to figure 3.19, the AQI shows that level for PM10 and PM 2.5 for the study area is satisfactory, whereas SO2, NO2 and CO levels are good.




3.4.5 Noise Environment

Noise is sound which is composed of many frequency components of varying loudness

distributed over the audible frequency range. The universally accepted scale is the weighted

scale which is measured as decibel or dB. This is suitable for audible range of 20-20,000 Hz

and has been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the response of a

human ear. The environmental impact assessment of noise from industrial activity, vehicular

traffic is done by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing,

physiological responses, annoyance and general community responses which have several

effects including Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). Noise survey been conducted in the

study area to assess the background noise levels in different zones mainly industrial and

residential zones. Noise levels were measured using a sound level meter at eight locations.

3.4.5.1 Method of Monitoring

Sound pressure level (SPL) measurements were undertaken at all locations, with an interval of

10 seconds over a periodicity of 15 minutes for 24 hours. As per the CPCB guidelines, 6 am to

10 pm was considered as day time and 10 pm to 6 am was considered as night time.

3.4.5.2 Parameters Measured

It was observed that day time noise levels and night time noise levels are within the national

standards. The results of the noise monitoring at the places monitored are given in Table 3.9.

Noise levels were observed within the national standards at all monitored locations

Table 3.8: Noise Monitoring Results (in dBA)

# Location Results (Avg. level in dBA)

Day time Night time

Industrial Area 75# 70#

1. Project Site 73.4 68.7

Residential area (Rural) 55# 45#

2. Sakhrale (Nearest village) 54.6 43.7

3. Islampur (Town area) 53.8 42.1

4. Peth (near national highway) 59.4 53.2

5. Rajaram Nagar 53.5 41.9

6. Borgaon 50.4 40.2

7. Hubalwadi 51.1 40.8

8. Farnewadi 49.8 40.1

# National Standards as per the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000.




3.5 GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY

3.5.1 Geography

On the northern side, the district is bounded by the Satara district in the west and Solapur

district in the east. On the southern side, it is bordered by the Kolhapur district in the west,

Belgaum and Bijapur districts in the centre and east. The latter continues to border the Sangli

district on the eastern side also while beyond the Sahyadriis on the west lies the Ratnagiri

district.

The hills of the district may broadly be grouped as-

(1) The Sahyadris, the Bhairavgad-Kandur hills and their spurs

(2) The Machchindragad-Kamal Bhairav hills (partly in the study area)

(3) The Mahimangad-Panhala range with its off-shoots

(4) The hills of the north-eastern part of the Khanapur taluka

Geographically, the district may be divided broadly into the following regions:

(1) The Varna basin with adjoining hills

(2) The Krishna basin

(3) The Yerla basin

(4) The eastern plateaus

The Krishna valley with its most fertile soils of the district raises a rich variety of crop. Apart

from the Krishna canal irrigation on the eastern bank and irrigation from bhudkis on the bank

of the river, the crops are mostly rain-fed, well-irrigation being difficult on account of the

great depth of the soil.

(Source: https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/SANGLI/gen_geography.html)

3.5.2 Geology

The geological formation in the district is the deccan traps (Cretaceous-Eocene). The deccan

lava flows are found usually in the form of horizontally bedded sheets. Vertical or inclined

joints at right angles to the bedding planes of the trap are marked at places. The flows usually

form flat-topped hills so characteristic of the trappean country. The traps belong to the type

called 'plateau basalt'. They are more or less uniform in composition corresponding to dolerite

or basalt. These are dark grey or greenish grey in colour. These traps are distinguished into

vesicular and non-vesicular varieties. The non-vesicular types are hard, tough, compact and

medium to fine-grained, and break with a conchoidal fracture. The vesicular types are

comparatively soft and friable and break more easily. The amygdaloidal types are

characterized by vesicles filled with quartz, chalcedony, calcite and zeolite.




Some parts of the district, especially the river valley areas, are occupied by the typical black

soil derived from the deccan traps. All the types, though varying in quality, are fertile on the

whole. The black soil contains high alumina and carbonates of calcium and magnesium with

variable amount of potash, low nitrogen and phosphorus. The soil is generally porous and

swells considerably on addition of water, and dries up with cracks on losing moisture. The

black soil is very fertile and does not require manuring for long periods. The broadest belt of

this rich soil is found in the Krishna valley. The soil of reddish brown colour is found on the

hills. This type of soil becomes fertile on proper manuring and irrigation.The inter-trappean

beds generally form aquifers. In the area comprising Tasgaon, Walwa and Shirala talukas,

which is composed of deccan trap flows, the main aquifers are either the inter-trappean beds

or the decomposed zones in the traps. The depth of the water table is variable, generally being

more than 6m. In general, the deccan traps are unreliable sources of groundwater because of

the sporadic distribution of their inter-trappean beds. Supplies are often exhausted owing to

the limited storage areas and by leakage through natural springs. Shallow wells located on

the banks of streams usually give fair supplies for household purposes. The quality of

groundwater is good for all purposes, except where contamination results through the

introduction of foul matter or by infiltration. Contamination is very common in the area and

as such the water is hard, especially if drawn from the decomposed, amygdaloidal varieties of

the traps, and is often brackish owing to the presence of sodium chloride and the sulphates

of calcium and magnesium.

(Source:https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/SANGLI/gen_geology.html)

Figure: 3.20: Mineral Map of the Maharashtra State

3.5.2.1 Minerals

There is no mineral of economic importance in the entire Sangli district. The deccan traps

serve as good building materials. They can also be used as road metal and railway ballasts.




3.6 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY

3.6.1 Methodology

Ecological study of the area carried out by conducting a survey of the study area, noting

important ecosystems and habitat therein, diversity of floral and faunal elements by listing of

species and assessment of their ecological condition. Field survey was carried out in Jan 2021.

Study area was comprised of 10 km radius from proposed unit’s boundaries

Primary data was collected by visiting the study area, recording the flora and fauna

A quadrate (25 x 25 m) was selected for enumeration of tree vegetation (natural

structure and composition - using grid method)

Twenty five quadrats were laid in all directions; grid method followed for the same

Different type of animals, including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, insects, etc,

have been recorded (primary as well as secondary data used)

Secondary data was collected from literature, forest department’s web sites and

discussion with local people/ NGO

Data on faunal distribution was recorded mainly through information gathered from local

people, literature available about the area and from official sources such as forest department,

district gazetteer, zoological survey of India, etc.

3.6.2 The site and immediate surroundings

The project is a brownfield project. The existing distillery unit is located NE of the sugar mill

within the same premises. There is no natural water body present on the proposed expansion

site. There are agricultural plots towards east, north and south of the unit. Village Sakharale is

located at west at approx. 0.75 km of the site. It is the nearest settlement area. Town Islampur

starts at a distance of approx. 2 km towards southwest of the site. Settlement is observed

mainly in west and southwest of the site and agricultural plots observed in other directions.

River Krishna is present at northeast of the site at approx. 3.5 km (aerial distance). There are

no major surface waterbodies located in 2-3 km radius surrounding area of the site.

Terrestrial ecosystem

Because of presence of river Krishna, this region is predominantly under agricultural land use

(>75 %) and heavy cultivation observed in the surrounding area. Sugar cane which is a

perennial crop occupies maximum area of the agricultural ecosystem. There are some hills

and barren patches observed towards west and southwest of the study area (of 10 km radius).

Semi evergreen vegetation with few scrubby species observed common in the natural




vegetation in these areas. Naturally the study area is by and large a transition zone between

evergreen vegetation in the west (western ghats region) and grassland habitat of the eastern

part of the district/region. But, because of tremendous agricultural development, natural

habitats and wild animals are very scanty. Large number of tree species listed in the flora (refer

annexure XI) observed planted or cultivated. Those were reported near the residential areas,

on the agricultural bunds, or seen along the roads under social forestry etc.

Flora of study area

Tree 71

Herbs and grasses 46

Shrubs 28

Climbers 14

The trees include Palas (Butea monosperma), Khair(Acacia catechu), Semecarpusanacardium,

Dhawda (Anogeissuslatifolia), Lotal (Osyrislanceolata), Baartondi (Morindatinctoria variety

tomentosa), Makadi (Ixoraparviflora), Charoli (Buchananialanzan), Apta (Bauhinia racemose),

etc., seen scattered over the foothill area and plains. Gulmohar (Delonix regia), Shirish (Albizia

lebbeck), Kanchan (Bauhinia purpurea), Chincha (Tamarindus indica) and Limb/Neem

(Azadirachta indica) were observed planted. The tree durangi babhul (Dichrostachys cinerea),

also known as Chinese Lantern, observed occasionally on degraded slopes of the surrounding

hills. Karvand (Carissa carandas) has formed thickets at places which help different species of

birds. The climbers growing in the upper part of the hills belong to the Asclepidiaceae family.

Evolvulus alsinoides, Cyanotis fasciculata, Boerhavia diffusa and Leucas aspera are commonly

found here and add colour to the landscape. A variety of leguminous forage plant,

Stylosantheshamata, has been introduced in the area by the forest department.

Quadrat data show that only three species are having more than 61 % of frequency. Neem,

Babhul and Karanj exhibited frequency in this range. Frequency class B i.e 21 to 40 % frequency

show maximum number of species i.e. 18. Thus, the species distribution observed random and

there is no cluster of any particular species reported for the study area.




1-20%

21-

40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100% Total

A B C D E

8 18 5 3 0 34

Figure 3.21: Observations of quadrat study

Aquatic ecosystems: River Krishna is a major lotic water body. It is located at, approx. 3.5 km

towards NE of the site. Apart from this few artificial ponds and farm ponds are mainly observed

in 5 km radius area.

Faunal diversity of study area

Yashwantrao Chavan Sagareshwar Sanctuary is located just outside the study area. Aerial

distance of the site from the boundary of the sanctuary is approx. 11 to 11.5 km. The wildlife

sanctuary is man-made; it is an artificially cultivated forest. Most of the wildlife species were

artificially introduced. It has an area of 10.87 km². This sanctuary was developed by releasing

wild animals in the area, sometime in 1980’s. Most important aspect is, this is the first fenced

sanctuary. The areas where wild animals dwell is totally fenced. Eco-sensitive zone of the

sanctuary is restricted upto 100 m from the boundary of the sanctuary area. Member of deer

and antelope families includes Sambar (Rusa unicolor), Spotted Deer (Axis axis) (Cervidae),

and Blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra (Bovidae). Other mammals include, the Wild Boar

(Susscrofa), Striped Hyena (Hyena hyena), Indian Wolf (Canis lupus), Indian Fox

(Vulpesbengalensis), Black-naped Hare (Lepus nigricollis), Jungle Cat (Felischaus), and

Common Mongoose (Herpestesedwardsi).

8

18

5

3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

A B C D

1-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80%

No

. of

spec

ies

frequency class

Raunkiaer’s Law of frequency




Amongst reptiles, six species of snakes, namely, Spectacled Cobra (Najanaja), Saw-scaled

Viper (Echiscarinatus), Striped Keelback (Amphiesmastolata), Green Keelback

(Macropisthodonplumbicolor), Rat Snake (Ptyas mucosa), and Common Wolf Snake

(Lycodonaulicus), are commonly reported from here. Among lizards, three species, namely,

Indian Monitor Lizard (Varanusbenghalensis), Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor), and Fan-

throated Lizard have been observed. About four species of amphibians, namely, Indian Bull

Frog (Hoplobatrachustigerinus), Indian Burrowing Frog (Sphaerothecabreviceps), Common

Indian Tree Frog (Polypedates maculatus), and Asian Common Toad

(Duttaphrynusmelanostictus), have been recorded from the region. As many as 20 species of

butterflies have been recorded from the study area. Approx. 100to 120 type of birds have

been reported for the sanctuary area (including migratory birds).

Reptiles, fishes and amphibians which are usually common in such type of habitat were

reported from the study area. Two species each of mammals (Mongoose and Rhesus Macaque)

and reptiles (Spectacled Cobra and Indian Chameleon) observed under schedule II of the

Wildlife (P) Act 1972.

However, in case of fish, one species (Common carp) observed under ‘vulnerable’ category of

IUCN, red list and three species observed placed under ‘near threatened’ category.

Species listed in schedule I of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 not observed

Common carp species of fish that observed vulnerable as per IUCN – due to its status

in central Asian countries (Country of origin)

Table 3.9: Summarized data for the status of species (number)s for major classes of

animal kingdom

Class

Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 Schedule IUCN Status

I II III IV V/VI Vu NT LC

Mammalia 0 2 1 6 7 0 0 16

Aves (Birds) 0 0 0 77 0 0 0 99

Reptiles 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1

Fishes 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 11

Amphibians 0 0 0 7 0 0 1 11

Butterflies 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4

Spider 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0




3.7 SOCIO- ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

3.7.1 Introduction

Social and economic consideration is basic in the man-made environment. Any human activity

is undertaken for a sole objective of economic benefit to the human society. In other words,

if the socio- economic impact is not positively beneficial, one will not enter into that activity

at all. It is, therefore, worthwhile to make a socio-economic impact assessment (SIA) in

advance before deciding or commencement of the activity. In general, while studying

development of any geographical area or regions, socio- economic status of the population

residing in that area, is considered as one of the prime indicators. Developmental project of

any magnitude will have some bearing on the living conditions and on the economics of the

local population. Similarly, the proposed unit will have its share of socio-economic influence

in the study area.

3.7.2 Methodology

In-house developed questionnaire was used to collect sample data on socio-economic

conditions of locals as well as their view on proposed project. Data collection on Demography

of the area, infrastructure available, etc. through site visit, official website of the district, district

gazetteer, Census of India and other government offices.

3.7.3 Sources of Information

As per the scope of this study, the information on socio-economic aspects has been gathered

and compiled from several secondary sources. These include Block office, Collectorate office,

Agriculture Department, Irrigation Department, Central/state Ground Water Board,

Department of Mines and Geology etc. The demographic data has mainly been compiled from

the website of Census of India, 2011. The socio-economic details are briefly described in

following sections.

3.7.4 Social Profile

In general, while studying development of any geographical area or regions, socio- economic

status of the population residing in that area, is considered as one of the prime indicators.

Developmental project of any magnitude will have some bearing on the living conditions and

on the economics of the local population. Similarly, the proposed unit will have its share of

socio-economic influence in the study area.

The project is located in Walva Taluka of Sangli district. The demographic details of this region

are given in table 3.10. It is a densely populated area with a high literacy rate. According to




the census of 2011, Hindu contribute 86.5% of the total population and are the largest

religious community in the district followed by Muslims which contribute 8.5% of the total

population and Jains are the third largest religious community with 3.1% population and all

other religious communities contribute 1.9 % of the total population.

3.7.4.1 Demography

As per the Census India 2011, Walwa Taluka has 94554 households, population of 456002 of

which 51.6 % are males and 48.4 % are females. The population of children between age 0-6

is 46296 which is 10.15% of total population.

The sex-ratio of Walwa Taluka is around 939. It is higher compared to 929 average of

Maharashtra state. The literacy rate of Walwa Taluka is 76.56% out of which 81.39% males are

literate and 71.41% females are literate. The total area of Walwa is 776.07 sq.km with

population density of 588 per sq.km. Out of total population, 77.08% of population lives in

rural area and 22.92% lives in urban area. There are 11.83% Scheduled Caste (SC) and 0.61%

Scheduled Tribe (ST) of total population in Walwa Taluka. The study area encompasses total

31 villages of Walwa Taluka and details are given in Fig. 3.11.

Table 3.10: Demographic details of Sangli district

Taluka

Area

(sq.km)

No. of

villages

Total no. of

households

Total

Population

Male

Female

SC

ST

Walwa 776 96 94554 456002 235160 220842 53931 2801

(Source: Census 2011)

Religion-wise Population - Walwa Taluka

Religion Total Male Female

Hindu 404,259 (88.65%) 208,841 195,418

Muslim 32,932 (7.22%) 16,732 16,200

Christian 800 (0.18%) 365 435

Sikh 139 (0.03%) 77 62

Buddhist 6,085 (1.33%) 3,044 3,041

Jain 10,939 (2.4%) 5,663 5,276

Other Religion 34 (0.01%) 22 12

No Religion Specified 814 (0.18%) 416 398

Source-http://cencusindia.co.in/subdistrict/walwa-taluka-sangli-maharashtra-4296

http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2735_PART_B_DCHB_SANGLI.pdf




a. Occupation structure

In Walwa Taluka out of total population, 176,623 were engaged in work activities. 89.9% of

workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months) while

10.1% were involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of

176,623 workers engaged in Main Work, 69,488 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while

46,872 were Agricultural labour. Agriculture and related activities provide major employment

opportunities for the locals. The occupational details are given in table 3.12

Table 3.11: Work profile of population in Walwa Taluka

Particulars Total Male Female

Main Workers 176,623 124,772 51,851

Cultivators 69,488 54,791 14,697

Agriculture Labourer 46,872 24,739 22,133

Household Industries 6,344 3,024 3,320

Other Workers 53,919 42,218 11,701

Marginal Workers 19,854 7,597 12,257

Non Working 259,525 102,791 156,734

Source-http://cencusindia.co.in/subdistrict/walwa-taluka-sangli-maharashtra-4296

3.7.3 Socio-economic (SE) survey

A total of 14 villages were selected for SE survey and sixty-four families were surveyed. The

geographical considerations were taken into account while selecting the villages. The

following villages were selected for socioeconomic survey.

Table 3.12: Selection of the Samples from the Radius of 10 KM from the Project Area.

# Name of Villages # Name of Villages

1 Bahe 8 Junekhed

2 Tujarpur 9 Farnewadi

3 Nerle 10 Sakhrale

4 Islampur 11 Hubalwadi

5 Peth 12 Jabhulwadi

6 Kapuskhed 13 Naykalwadi

7 Borgaon 14 Waghwadi




Households remained as the study units since they represent the families. Sampling is derived

out of the population size so as to measure the probable impacts on the society. The purpose

of making such survey was to;

Understand the expectations of locals

Give general information of the project and understand views of locals

Give confidence to the people about the project

Foster relationship between communities and the project proponent

3.7.5.1 Socioeconomic Profile of Selected Samples

1. Heads of the Families

The heads of family indicate the status of women in society. All families interviewed were

having the males as the heads of the families.

2. Size of the family

The survey covered 60 families and the average size of the family was 5-6 persons

3. Education levels of the families

The status of the education level of the head of the family indicate that around 83% families

were having education of SSC/HSC and above. About 23% family head completed their

graduation and about 9% had completed their PG.

Table 3.13 Educational Level of the Head of the families

Educational level No. of families

Between 1st to 10th standard 10

Passed 10thstd 12

Passed 12thstd 20

Graduates 12

Post Graduate 6

Total 60

2. Occupational classification

More than 80% of the families were solely engaged in agriculture sector. The average number

of job holders in the family was two. Most of the job holders were working in the sugar factory

and small scale industrial/commercial activities.

3. Land holding

Since the dependency on agriculture was comparatively large, the land holding is little less in

the taluka area. Most of the farmers have access to irrigation facilities. There are good




irrigation facilities and availability of water in the area. Sugarcane is the main crop, which

attract the farmers in the area because of presence of sugar factories in the taluka and

surrounding. Sugarcane also provides good monetary returns to the farmers. The land in the

taluka is considered fertile. The land holding details of families surveyed are given below.

Table 3.14: Land holding

# Size of Land in acres Percentage(%)

1 1-3 55

2 4-5 25

3 6-7 10

4 8-10 5

5 10 and above 5

3.7.5.2 Expectations of local people from proposed project

In order to understand local social issues and expectations of the people, one questionnaire

was circulated in the study zone. The results of this study are given in fig. 3.22. It shows that

the people are expecting more employment as well as higher economic returns for their crop,

from the proposed project.

Figure 3.22: Expectation of local people from proposed project

3.7.6 Settlement Details

Even though there are 31 villages in study area, there are limited settlements in the immediate

surroundings of the site. This may be due to hill range present in the west. Settlement density

is more along the Krishna River and the state highway

70%

19%

80%

46%

63%58%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Employment

generation

Good quality

manure

production

Higher

economic

returns

Sec./Higher

education

Health

facilities

Guidance

related to

farming

Expectation of local peoples

Results of SE Questionnaire Analysis




3.7.7 Availability of Infrastructure

Availability of infrastructure and facilities denote the level of overall development in the study

area. The availability of facilities with regard to education, health, transport and

communication, water supply and availability of electricity are dealt with in the following.

a) Road and railway network map

The Pune- Bengaluru national highway passes through the district (~ 7 km from site). Other

main roads in the study area are Karad–Vita-Khanapur Road, Karad-Tasgaon Road.

Broad gauge railway line of central railway connects the district to Pune-Mumbai. Takari and

Bhavaninagar are two railway stations (on this route) nearer to the site. These stations are

located on Pune-Mirajroute. Miraj is a junction railway station. It connects to Pune on the

north, Kurduvadi via Pandharpur on north-northeast and Belgaum and Goa in the south.

Nearest Railway Stations to Walwa, Sangli

Station Train Frequency

Kirloskarvadi (KOV) 19

Amnapur(ANQ) 4

Takari (TKR) 15

Bhilavdi (BVQ) 11

Bhavani Nagar (BVNR) 7

Nandre (NDE) 4

Shenoli (SNE) 4

Road network of Walwa taluka (In km)

b) Education Facilities

Table 3.15: Education facilities in WalwaTaluka

Educational facility Total For Girls No.of Students

Boys Girls

Primary schools 279 10 16760 14065

High school 103 11 19756 15053

Pre university colleges 39 3 6305 5183

Colleges 44 4 19348 16828

National Highway

Expressway Main State Highways

State Highway

Main District Road

Other District Road

Rural Road

Total length

29.50 0 0 134.20 266.52 233.62 729.36 1393.20




Source: https://mahades.maharashtra.gov.in/files/publication/dsa_%20Sangli%20_2019

c) Health Services Table 3.16: Government Health facilities in Walwa taluka

# Health facility Government Private Total

1 Hospitals 2 96 98

2 Dispensary 3 .. 3

3 Maternity home 0 .. 0

4 Primary health care

center

11 .. 11

5 Primary health sub

center

51 .. 51


Drinking Water Supply (Walwa taluka)

Drinking water facility is available in almost all the villages in the study area. Groundwater sources namely, well and hand pump are used as drinking water sources.

d) Communication facilities

There are about 28 different newspapers being circulate in the district, which includes national

level, state level as well as local level paper. Sangli has efficient telecom and internet services.

Telecom giants like Airtel, Idea, Reliance, Vodafone and BSNL are already operating their

services in Sangli circle. For internet services, there are ample of local internet service

providers, fulfilling the internet needs of local people. Besides, there are hordes of cyber cafes

throughout the cities, towns and other parts of the district, that are equally playing an

important role in fulfilling the internet needs of the people.

‘Aakashvani’ and ‘Doordarshan’ has a very widespread in the district. Now a days, direct to

home services of private operators are also becoming popular.

Taluks Cinema halls Seats per play

Walwa 5 2210


e) Post & Courier

Indian Postal service as well as private courier companies has pretty good presence in the

district. In case of private courier companies, they cater mainly domestic courier services and

very few offer international services.

https://mahades.maharashtra.gov.in/files/publication/dsa_%20Sangli%20_2019





f) Power Supply

Taluka Domestic Small

scale

industry

Industry Public

street

light

Agriculture Other Total

KW/hr

Walwa 68110 14760 114780 6070 211950 18930 434600


g) Banking Services (in Walwa Taluka)

Bank Number

District co-operative bank 36

Schedule Bank 91


h) Industry

Industries in 10 km study area: MIDC located near village Sakharale is the nearest industrial

area. Other than MIDC, no large scale industries observed in 10 km radius area.

i) Religious and Historical places (of the district)

1. Shri Dattamandir, Audumbar: Audumbar is known for the shrine of Dattatraya held in

high reverence. It is said to have been built in honour of Nar-sirhha Sarasvati who was

a great saint and who is supposed to be the incarnation of Dattatraya.

2. Dhandoba –Bhose: The Dandoba Hill Forest Preserve can be reached with a 25 minute

drive from Sangli. This forest preserve is rich in flora and fauna and also has a few

historically significant ancient temples in its hills.

3. Meerasaheb Dargah Miraj: The Meerasaheb dargah is a common worship centre for

both Muslim and Hindu communities located near the railway station of Miraj.

4. SagareshwarTemple and wildlife sanctuary: Sagareshwartemple is situated very near

to the wildlife sanctuary. The sanctuary is located at the meeting of three Tehsils of

Sangli district: Kadegaon, Walva and Palus. The wildlife sanctuary is man-made; it is an

artificially cultivated forest without a perennial supply of water, and most of the wildlife

species were artificially introduced. It has an area of 10.87 km².

3.7.8 Employment by RBPSSKl and contribution to local economy

RBPSSKL prefers local candidates for employment. Thus, most of its employees are local. There

are a total of 1138 employees in RBPSSKL including sugar, cogeneration and distillery units. In

addition, the are about 12471 share holder farmers, who are members of this factory. The

factory receives cane from these members who reside in nearby villages. Thus, the economy





of these villages is largely dependent upon the factory. Table 3.19 gives the FRP details and

money circulated in the economy for last four years.

Table 3.17: FRP details for last five years

# Year Cane Crushed

Tons

Actual

FRP, Rs.

FRP paid to

farmers, Rs.

Money circulated in the

economy (Rs. In lakhs)

1 2015-16 8,15,269.012 2,569.38 2,595.00 21,156.23

2 2016-17 5,70,372.644 2,590.36 3,215.00 18,337.48

3 2017-18 10,28,504,056 2,892.52 2,892.52 29,749.69

4 2018-19 10,14,719.352 2,978.05 2,978.05 30,218.85

5 2019-20 8,79,659.975 2,941.27 2,941.27 25,873.17

3.78 Social Activities of the Factory:

Rajarambapu Patil Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana was instituted in the year 1969 as Walwa Taluka

Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. Late visionary leader Shri Rajarambapu Patil played a key role

in establishment of this sugar mill. Its operations commenced in 1970. It was started with a

motive to create employment opportunities for the people of Walwa. The factory is doing

many activities for the upliftment of the locals. As a result, it is supported by more than 50,000

farmers and it is employing 2000+ locals. The industry expanded gradually and now it has

added three more units (factories). The factory is doing many social activities, the important

one are highlighted here.

Education

Late Rajarambapu Patil started Kasegaon Education Society in the year 1945 and Azad

Vidyalaya along with Sarvodaya Vasatigrah, a free hostel for poor students from

nearby villages. RBPSSKL is supporting these activities since the factory’s inception.

It is also operating Kamgar Kalyan Kendra approved pre-school classes (Balwadi) for

farmers and Government approved tailoring classes for women

Maharashtra Kamgar kalyan mandal approved Scholarship for workers family.

Rajarambapu Institute of Technology offers scholarship to every RBPSSKL employee’s

child.

Health

The factory has tie-up with K.L.E Hospital, Belgaum for regular health check-up of its

employees. The factory bears transportation cost for employee check-up.

The factory also organizes Blood Donation camps, health camps, etc. for locals.




3.8 OTHER ASPECTS

3.8.1 Traffic Data

Table 3.18: Traffic (average for peak hour)

# Vehicle type No.

1 Trucks, tankers 29

2 tractors- trailer 37

3 Pick-ups 15

4 4 wheelers 46

5 3 wheelers 23

6 2 wheelers 67

Total 217

3.9 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES OF STUDY AREA

A summary of the environmental features of the study area is given in table 3.21

Table 3.19 Summary of environmental features of study area

Facet In brief

General

characteristics

Hot and dry

Rainfall Normal average rainfall 692.40 mm.

Temperature The maximum average temperature in summer is around 39°C and minimum

average temperature in winter is around 17°C

Humidity The maximum humidity in the study area ranges between 60 to 80 percent in the

month of August and minimum humidity ranges from 30-40 percent in the month

of March and April.

Wind Predominant wind direction was SE, E followed by N and the wind speed was

between 1 to 13 km/h for >71 % during the study period

Land use Crop land area 88.98 %, scrub land 4.02 %, forest 0.93 %, settlement area 3.69 %,

river/water bodies 2.44 %

Air Quality Complies NAAQ standards of Nov. 2009 at all monitored locations

Noise Complies the standard

Groundwater As per Central Ground Water Board report 2013, the groundwater quality in the district is affected because of high NO3 concentrations

Soil Medium and deep black

Nearest

sanctuary

Yashwantrao Chavan Sagareshwar Sanctuary ~13 km

Chapter 4: Anticipated Env. Impacts



4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION

MEASURES

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter discusses the potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed

distillery expansion of RBPSSKL from 75 to 150 KLPD in detail. These impacts are identified

based on the activities involved in the project, quantities and/or characteristics of various

pollutants anticipated from the project, factors responsible for the impact and

direct/secondary sources of impact. It is emphasized once again that the distillery will run at

full capacity i.e. 150 KLPD only if B heavy molasses/sugarcane syrup is used as feedstock and

will operation at 100 KLPD if C molasses is used. For better understanding, the impacts of

project activities are divided into two parts viz. construction phase i.e. erection and operation

phase i.e. actual production. Impact assessment is carried out for both the phases. In addition,

impacts due to project location and final decommissioning of the project are also discussed.

4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DUE TO PROJECT LOCATION

Molasses-based distilleries are generally a vertical integration for sugar mills. Molasses is a by-

product of sugar mill, used as a main raw material for the distillery. Thus, setting up a distillery

in the close vicinity of the sugar mill is always an advantage. It not only saves huge costs on

transportation of molasses but also saves the precious fuel used in transportation and avoids

vehicular emissions. In general, vehicular emissions for transportation of raw material are one

of the major sources of air pollution that causes an impact on surrounding environment. In

the proposed project, such impact will be avoided/reduced due to selection of site in the

vicinity of the sugar mill.

RBPSSKL has been operational since 1969 i.e. more than 50 years. It is now well established. It

is located in the sugar belt of the state i.e. Sangli district in western Maharashtra. It is safely

away from the its nearest river by more than 5 km. There have been no incidences of flooding

(due to river) in the factory premises. No land slide or such natural calamity observed in the

area.

Site related features and its geography, topography is described in chapter 3 of this report.

Environmental and health related risks from molasses-based distilleries are mainly due to

spent wash (i.e. wastewater from manufacturing process having high potential for polluting

waterbodies and soil). Considering this risk and site-specific features, anticipated impact on

waterbodies, land, ecology, biodiversity and environment in general is described in the

impacts of operation phase of this chapter.




4.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The proposed expansion of the distillery will be carried out on the existing distillery site which

is adjacent to the sugar mill. The land is flat and has been a distillery site since 1975. There are

no natural waterbodies located on the site or any natural drainage passes through the site.

The major activities involved in the construction phase of the project are enlisted here.

Installation of incineration boiler, stack and air pollution control system

Erection of distillery unit and its ancillary units such as multi-effect evaporator

Construction of additional tanks for storage of raw and concentrated spent wash

Erection of storage tanks for raw material and finished products

Construction of additional CPU as well as internal roads and miscellaneous

construction work e.g. sludge drying beds, ash storage area, etc.

Loading /unloading as well as preparation/processing of construction material

Transportation of material and workers, to & from the proposed site

Disposal of the liquid and solid waste generated by the temporary work force

employed for the construction

4.3.1 Land Use/topography

The proposed distillery expansion will be done on the existing site which is adjacent to the

existing sugar factory of RBPSSKL. Land is already flat, barren and therefore, construction is

feasible by just minor leveling activity.

Anticipated impact

The project is expansion of the distillery unit and roughly 16,400 sq.m. area will be converted

into built-up area. Thus, open land of existing premises will get changed permanently. This

change anticipated for a long term. Topography of the site anticipated to change permanently

due to construction and erection of various units.

Apart from the change in topography, construction affects the soil at site to some extent.

Generally, top soil layer of 30 cm is considered productive. This top layer of soil anticipated to

get removed or covered during construction. Considering a built-up area of proposed

expansion of 16,400 sq.m., project activity will either remove or loose approx. 4920 cu.m. top

soil, due to construction.

Mitigation measures

According to the soil analysis report (refer table 3.5 pg 3-15 chapter 3), soil at project site

shows low N content, P content at moderate level. Organic carbon and K content observed

very high for the sample from factory premises. Thus, soil at the site show moderate

characteristics. Upper soil layer will be kept separately and reused for the development of




greenbelt around the project site and factories farms; organic fertilizers will be added into the

soil so as to improve N, before using it for greenbelt.

The excess of excavated soil (below fertile layer), stones and other earth material will

be used within the project site, mainly for foundation of various structures and for

internal roads.

Construction waste, debris will be disposed-off according to its characteristics;

recyclable material will be sold to recycling agents; in any case, construction waste will

not be dumped outside the factory premises, particularly into any water body, wetland,

community land, etc.

The runoff from the construction site will be controlled by ditches and will not allowed

to runoff into any water bodies or percolate in the surrounding soils.

Due to these structures a permanent change will take place in the land use and topography

of the allocated areas. Considering overall size of the construction area, this permanent, long

term impact on land use will be of low magnitude.

4.3.2 Geology and Hydrogeology

The construction activity involves digging work for max. 2 m depth from existing ground level.

Thus, it is considered as a minor excavation work. Apart from that, the project activity doesn’t

involve any blasting or similar work.

Anticipated Impact

No negative impact on geological structures anticipated due to the project, except impact on

soil.

Mitigation measures

For soil, mitigation measures are already described above. Construction will be carried out in

a planned manner and thus any permanent negative impact on natural drainage of the

surroundings will be avoided.


Following construction activities are anticipated for generation of air emissions and noise.

Operations of equipment such as RCC machines, dozers, cranes, road rollers, etc.

Transportation of construction material e.g. cement, steel, sand, etc. and labour

Vehicular movement on unpaved roads

Loading/unloading of construction material and soil

Welding work, etc.

These activities are likely to generate dust (particulate matter) mainly at proposed project

premises and along the transport route. In addition, air emissions (mainly NOx, Hydro-




carbons) anticipated from vehicular exhaust and diesel operated machinery (RCC mixer).

Following measures are proposed to minimize/control air emissions, noise and dust.

Use of electrically operated machinery instead of diesel operated wherever feasible to

reduce air emissions and noise,

Barricading the dust generating and/or high noise generating areas

Sprinkling of water on kucha / unpaved roads

Internal roads will be developed in the early stages of construction phase

Internal roads will be of either asphalted or RCC,

Sprinkling of water while loading/unloading the dust generating material

Some administrative controls, such as

Construction will be carried out in planned manner to avoid delays.

Permitting only authorized contractors with well-maintained machineries for

construction work

Developing code for the civil and engineering contractors to follow the environment

management plan

Noise producing activities to be permitted only during daytime, which will be within

permissible limit

Engaging authorized suppliers and contractors that follow the laws and rules related

to safety, health & environment

Considering overall volume of the construction activity, it will last for short period of eight to

nine months. Negative impact due to dust (particulate matter) and noise envisaged in the

close vicinity of construction areas and along the transportation route. Permanent road

(asphalted road) is available at just half kilometer distance. It will help in reducing probable

fugitive dust along the transportation route.

There are no residential areas or other sensitive receptors in 1 km radius of the proposed site

(Except factory workers). Moreover, the area allocated for the proposed project is sizable and

the construction work take place smoothly without any kind of congestion.

The impact due to dust and noise will be temporary and localized. Proposed measures will

help to reduce/control the same. Thus, short term and reversible impact is anticipated due to

the project on ambient air quality and noise environment.

4.3.4 Water Environment

In case of distillery projects, the construction work is limited. Civil work is mainly in the form

of foundation for boiler, other machineries and industrial shed, erection of constriction of

office. Thus, the work is not so large. It easily gets completed in three to four months. Then

after, actually machine gets installed. Most of the units arrive in pre-fabricated form. Those




will be assembled at site. Considering overall volume of construction activity, it is anticipated

that approx. 40-50 persons including labour, supervisor and engineers will be involved in the

construction, installation work.

Anticipated impact: During the construction phase, wastewater/sewage generated by 1)

construction labour/workforce and 2) due to actual construction and curing activity

anticipated as an impact causing factors.

Mitigation measures: RBPSSKL has basic sanitation facilities at various locations in its

premises. Construction labour and the project team will be instructed to use this facility. If

required, some additional temporary toilet blocks will be provided, connecting to the existing

sewer line. By adopting this measure, sewage and impact related to its disposal will get

reduced considerably.

To avoid/reduce water pollution due to run-off from construction site, following measures

proposed.

Use fresh water with utmost care, use spray pond overflow and sugar ETP treated water

for construction and/or curing wherever feasible to reduce freshwater requirement

Totally avoid/minimize wastage of water

Proper precaution to prevent the runoff from construction site from mixing into the nearby

surface and/or ground water resource

Total prohibition on dumping/throwing any solid waste, excavated material from

construction activity into any of the nearby water bodies

By implementing these measures, it is anticipated that overall impact of construction activity

on water environment will be negligible and short term. Maintaining natural drainages in

proper condition will be on top priority while making construction plan, so as to avoid negative

impact on site specific hydrology.

4.3.5 Soil

Soils at site will get covered by constructed area to a large extent. Thus, soil fertility as well as

soil micro-flora likely to get affected. Thus, this is considered as long term, non-reversible

negative impact.

4.3.6 Ecology and Biodiversity

The site-specific situation considered for impact assessment is as follows. The site is open,

without any trees. Seasonal grasses/weeds and one or two perennial shrubs, such as Lantana,

Calotropis, Ipomea observed scattered. Presently, the open space/site used by different

insects, reptiles and birds for food and foraging purpose. In the surrounding area, agricultural

activities (cultivation area) is predominant. There are no natural waterbodies on site or its

surroundings upto 1 km. Riverine ecosystem is at approx. 3.4 km distance.




Anticipated impact

Disturbance to persons in vicinity due to noise from construction material

transportation activity

Impact on vegetation and fauna located in close proximity due to dust and noise

Loss of foraging ground for insects, reptiles and birds observed in close vicinity.

Mitigation measures

Restrict to maximum extent, transportation of construction material during day time

(6 am to 6 pm)

Carry out the construction work during day time only

Prohibit high noise producing work during night time

In the night, provide light arrangement to necessary extent in such a way so that it will

not affect the nocturnal

Construction activity anticipated to cause negative impact in the form of loss of existing space

(habitat/foraging ground) permanently. Considering the distances of nearby major

waterbodies, probability of disturbance of aquatic ecosystem due to runoff or from solid

waste, etc. appears very low. Dust generation and air pollution due to construction activity will

be more localized and for short period. Overall, the construction activity anticipated to cause

minor negative impact on vegetation in immediate surroundings of the site. Soil micro-fauna

is likely to get affect due to removal of top soil and construction work. Disturbance to domestic

and wild animals due to noise likely to have short term and localized impact.

4.3.7 Natural resources

The proposed activity will require mainly steel for construction work. Many of the machinery

will also be made of mild steel (MS make) or stainless steel (SS). Some of the distillation column

requires copper or copper coating. Construction material such as cement, sand and metal

(gitti) will be required. Of which sand and metal will be of local origin. Cement will be procured

from nearby markets such as Sangli or Kolhapur or as per the availability and price. Stones

and soil excavated during the construction will also be utilized within the premises for various

activities such as leveling, internal roads, etc.

4.3.8 Socio-Economic aspects

There are no rehabilitation and restoration issues involved in the project. The land is already

under possession of existing sugar factory.

Anticipated impact

Positive impact in the form of employment generation. Construction activity of the project will

require unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled workers. This employment will be preferentially




given to local workers. Estimated employment generation is 35 skilled, 15-20 semi-skilled and

20-25 unskilled labour. Additionally, activities such as transportation, fabrication, installation

of machinery, etc. are anticipated to provide employment to local contractors as well as

vendor, material suppliers, etc. Negative impact anticipated on the health of the site workers

due to dust, noise and air pollution

Mitigation measures

While selection of various contractor/service providers, registered and established firms will

be selected. In addition, standard operating procedure (SOP) for safety and health of workers

will be developed. It will be made compulsory to abide by the safety, health related SOP for

the contractor/service providers. Safety related instructions will be given to workers through

respective contractors. Personal protective equipment/gears such as safety helmet, shoes,

gloves, goggles, etc. will be provided to workers.

Overall, construction activity anticipated to cause a positive impact on the socio-economic

environment.

4.4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT: OPERATION PHASE

The environmental impacts anticipated during the operation of the distillery after the

proposed expansion are described here. The capacity expansion will add 100% of existing

capacity of the existing distillery i.e. take the total capacity to 200%.


During the operation phase of the project, vehicular emissions - from transportation of raw

materials, fuel, finished product etc.- and from the manufacturing process anticipated as main

factor likely to cause impact on ambient air quality of the study area. The process related air

emissions can further be divided into two categories i) from burning of fuel to generate steam

and ii) from fermentation process.

Activities of operation phase are already described in Chapter 2, along with project specific

pollution sources, quantities and characteristics. All this data and baseline environmental

conditions (of the site described in chapter 3) were considered for assessing impact of the

proposed project.

4.4.1.1 Transportation

a. Molasses: In general, transportation activities cause air pollution due to vehicular emissions,

wind driven dust from roads, loading/unloading of material, etc. As described in chapter 2, the

molasses requirement after the expansion will be 385 TPD for C type (100 KLPD) or 487 TPD

for B heavy type (150 KLPD). In this case, 330 days’ operation has been considered annually.




Hence, molasses requirement would be 127,050 TPA for C-type OR 160,710 TPA for B-heavy

type. Whereas its availability from own mill will be around 40,000 TPA for C-type and 60,000

TPA for B-heavy (Refer table 2.1 page 2-2). Additional, 55,350 TPA C-type and 83,025 TPA B-

heavy molasses is available from the other units of RBPSSKL all of which are located in Sangli

district.

In case of B-heavy, the project will need additional 100,710 TPA and in case of C-type, project

will need additional 87,050 TPA of molasses to carry from external sources including its own

units. In India, permanent carrier tankers are available popularly in capacities 12 KL, 16 KL, 20

KL and 24 KL capacity. Considering the specific gravity of cane molasses of 1.4, a carrier of 20

KL will carry a molasses of 28 tons. Thus, to transport B-heavy of molasses approx. 5,035

tankers or in case of C-type molasses, 4,352 tankers will be required to import estimated

molasses. Required molasses needs to be transported in bulk at periodical intervals.

b. Coal: Daily requirement of coal (for incineration of spent wash) will be approx. 90 tons.

Thus, the annual requirement (considering 330 days per annum) for coal will be 29,700 tons.

Each carrier dumper carries approx. 8.5 tons of coal. Hence, approx. 3,495 dumpers will be

required to bring the estimated coal from market to the site. Coal transportation will also have

to carried out in bulk.

c. Finished product: Based on the final capacity of 150 KLPD and 330 days of operation, the

unit will produce maximum 49,500 KL of RS or AA or ENA per annum. Thus, estimated tanker

requirement for transportation will be 2,475 (each tanker of 20 KL).

d. Vehicles of employees: Due to expansion of distillery unit additional 50 manpower will be

required. Hence, additional vehicles of employees will contribute the in an air pollution.

Table 4.1: Emission factors for road vehicles (g /km).

# Emission factor Trucks and lorries, g/ km

1 CO2 515.2

2 CO 3.6

3 NOx 6.3

4 CH4 0.09

5 SO2 1.42

6 PM 0.28

7 HC 0.87

Source: Ramachandra, T.V., Shwetmala, Emissions from India’s transport sector: Statewise synthesis, Atmospheric

Environment (2009), doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.015




Anticipated impact from transportation

Transportation activities as described above are anticipated to cause increase in vehicular

emissions. Increase in the particulate matter, CO, CO2, NOx and hydro-carbon in ambient air

is anticipated due to increase in vehicular emissions. This increase is likely at site and along

the transportation route. Since, the transportation will take place in bulk at periodic interval,

increase in vehicular emissions will be fluctuating throughout the year.

Preventive, control and mitigation measures

Provision of asphalted or RCC roads inside the premises

Approach road is already available up to state highway SH150 and national highway NH48

Provision of additional parking for goods vehicles to accommodate the increase after

expansion

Engage authorized transport agency for goods transport on the term to use well

maintained vehicles for all transportation activities

While bulk transportation of raw material/finished product, manage the vehicles in such a

way that waiting period for vehicles will be minimum. This will help in reducing the risks

of traffic congestion, and over all air pollution.

Provision of separate entrance and exit lanes/gates for vehicles

Strict prohibition on washing and maintenance of vehicles on site or in parking area

All roads with street light and proper signage at strategic locations

Main gate/s with 24x7 security arrangements

4.4.1.2 Manufacturing process- fermentation

The process of fermentation of sugar/molasses to produce alcohol generates CO2 which is a

major greenhouse gas. CO2 scrubbers separate the gas from the fermented wash and alcohol.

The CO2 thus generated in the fermentation process has been conventionally released into the

atmosphere however, distilleries can now bottle the same for commercial use.

Anticipated impact

The expected generation of CO2 from a 150 KLPD distillery is 111 TPD. This will contribute to

greenhouse effect and global warming.

Mitigation Measures

RBPSSKL will use a CO2 scrubber for removal of the gas from alcohol stream. This CO2 will be

bottled for commercial use. The greenbelt developed by the industry will help to absorb some

of the generated CO2.




4.4.1.3 Manufacturing process- emissions due to incineration (from boiler furnace)

Estimated air pollutants (PM and SOx) emissions from the point source of the proposed project

i.e. from the stack of the boiler are as follows.

Fuel required to generate steam

(Conc. Spent wash 248 TPD + Coal 87.9 TPD)

= 335.9 TPD

Estimated ash (total) from spent wash (@18 %) 44.64 TPD

Estimated ash (total) from coal (@35 %) 30.76 TPD

Total Ash generated

75.40 TPD = 3.142 TPH

=3142 kg/hr = 872.77 g/s

Fly ash generation is usually 40% and bottom ash 60 % of total ash. The proponent

has already installed ESP, that will separate out fly ash from flue gas stream.

Bottom ash = 523.666 g/s

Fly ash generation = 350 g/s

Fly ash controlled by ESP (considered 98% efficiency) = 343 g/s

Fly Ash emission = 7 g/s

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): (Fuel Conc. Spent wash and coal)

Fuel required to generate steam

(Conc. Spent wash 248 TPD + Coal 87.9 TPD)

= 335.9 TPD

Sulfur content in combined fuel (conc. sw + coal) @

0.49%

Sulphur loss in ash as sulphate @ 15%

Total

= 1.646 TPD

= 0.247 TPD

= 1.399 TPD = 58.293 kg/hr

= 16.19 g/s

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions = 32.38 g/sec

Stack Height requirement based theoretical calculation

for SO2 emission

= 62 meter

There are two major types of air pollution sources i.e. a) point source includes stack gases; b)

non-point and line source such as dust generated from coal handling and storage areas, ash

ponds, roads, etc. Amongst these, the stack gas emissions are very significant because of its

overall contribution in increasing concentration pollutants such as PM, SO2 and NOx, over a

large area. Now a day, it is feasible to estimate the concentration of these pollutants, even

before actual operation phase by using software-based simulation studies. This study gives an

incremental ground level concentration for pollution parameter of users’ interest.




Air Dispersion Modeling

In the proposed expansion, ZLD of spent wash will be achieved by incinerating it using coal or

bagasse as a support fuel. If sugarcane juice used as feedstock, bio-methanation followed by

evaporation followed by composting route will be used to achieve ZLD. Incineration boiler

considered as major air pollution source, when molasses used as feedstock for distillery unit.

Coal and spentwash considered as fuel to air pollutant dispersion modeling study. This activity

is envisaged to cause negative impact on ambient air quality. Particulate matter (PM), SO2 and

NO2 are expected as main pollutants due to incineration. Prediction of impacts on air

environment has been carried out using ‘AERMOD’ view 9.5 dispersion model’ software

developed by ‘Lakes Environment Software’, Canada. It has been used for simulations from

point sources. An atmospheric dispersion model accounts for the emissions from a source;

estimates how high into the atmosphere they will go, how widely they will spread and how far

they will travel based on micrometeorological data; and outputs the pattern of concentrations

that will occur for monitoring period. The input data for dispersion model is given in table 4.2.

Table 4.2: Dispersion Model Input Data

Parameters Unit Value

Stack Height - attached to incineration Boiler m 62

Stack diameter at exit/top m 3

Stack exit gas velocity (Avg) m/s 9

Stack gas temperature at exit oC 150

Max. fuel (coal) requirement TPH 3.66

Spent wash for incineration TPH 10.33

Ash content of Coal % 35

Ash content of spent wash % 18

Emission rate of PM10* g/s 7.00

Emission rate of PM2.5* g/s 2.80

Emission rate of SO2# g/s 32.38

Emission rate of NO2 g/s 11.24

* After fly ash removal efficiency of pollution control equipment (ESP) 98%

# Sulphur, considered 0.49% of fuel as a worst-case scenario

Modeling has been done considering stack as source and is center of grid for prediction.

Hourly meteorological data for the period of December 2020 to February 2021 including wind

speed, direction, humidity, rainfall, opaque cloud cover, and temperature was used as an input.

By using upper air estimator option estimates upper air data from hourly surface data.




The simulation is made to evaluate PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 incremental short-term

concentrations due to proposed operation of boiler. In the short-term simulations, the

incremental concentrations were estimated to obtain an optimum description of variations in

concentrations within 5 km radius. The options used for short-term computations are:

Upper air estimator option is used to estimate upper air data from hourly surface data

Buoyancy induced dispersion is used to describe the increase in plume dispersion

Calms processing routine is used by default

Wind profile exponents is used by default

Flat and elevated terrain is used for computation

Pollutants do not undergo any physico-chemical transformation

No pollutant removal by dry deposition

Universal Transverse Meter (UTM) coordinates have been used for computation

A uniform polar grid was used for the computation and extended to 05 km from the

stack of the proposed project. In addition to that, receptors were also placed at the

sampling locations

a. Prediction

The predicted results with baseline concentrations are tabulated below in table 4.3 while

incremental dispersion trend is shown as isopleths in Figure 4.1 & 4.2.

Table 4.3: Summary of Maximum 24-hour GLC due to proposed project

Description Concentration µg/m3

PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2

Maximum rise in GLC 2.62 1.007 6.72 3.60

Direction of Occurrence and

distance

W @ 0.5 km W @ 0.5 km W @ 0.5 km W @ 0.5 km

Coordinates of maximum GLC 170 04’ 16” N

740 17’ 18” E

170 04’ 16” N

740 17’ 18” E

170 04’ 16” N

740 17’ 18” E

170 04’ 16” N

740 17’ 18” E

Baseline Concentration

(average) reported nearby GLC

(at Village Sakhrale ~1km W)

73.52 32.10 25.00 30.44

Increase in GLC due to

proposed project at nearest

village Sakharale

2.00 0.60 4.00 2.00




Total Concentration (Post

project scenario) at village

Sakhrale

75.52 32.70 29.00 32.44

NAAQS 100 60 80 80

*The distance is measured from stack to the maximum GLC

The resultant GLC values indicate that after operation of boilers at above stated capacity and

fuel consumption, will be within the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

for residential & rural areas.

Figure 4.1: Short term 24 hourly GLCs of PM10

Figure 4.2: Short term 24 hourly GLCs of PM2.5




Figure 4.3: Short term 24 hourly GLCs of SO2

Figure 4.4: Short term 24 hourly GLCs of NO2

Thus, it was inferred that, -

There will be an increase in the concentration of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 mainly

towards west

The maximum incremental load of all these pollutants will be at a distance of ~0.5 km

towards west and, where increase of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 are 2.62 g/m3, 1.007




g/m3, 6.72 g/m3 , 3.60 g/m3 respectively could be observed. This area is

predominantly occupied by own sugar unit and nearby agricultural vegetation

Nearest residential area towards west is village Sakhrale which is ~1 km from source

From the results derived from the mathematical modeling study, it is observed that

resultant concentration of these air pollutant in downwind direction will be well within

the national ambient air quality standards prescribed by CPCB in Nov. 2009.

Estimated incremental concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 in the downwind direction

of the site are minor, considering the baseline value. Therefore, it is anticipated that, the

increase in the concentration of these air pollutants due to the proposed activity, likely to

cause minor negative impact on air environment and practically no impact on surrounding

ecology.

Impact due to non-point sources

Handling, transportation and storage of coal or bagasse and ash identified as major non-point

sources of particulate matter. Measures proposed for handling, transportation and storage of

coal as well as ash described in chapter 2, pg 2-13, 2-14. Considering overall operation

processes of coal and ash handling, the project envisaged to have minor negative impact on

air quality, particularly within the premises and its adjacent area.

Preventive, control and mitigation measures

Round stack with 62 m height

Use of Indian coal (having less sulfur and thus control at source for SO2 emissions)

ESP to control particulate matter

Periodic shut down of boiler (approx. 45 days interval), will allow maintenance of air

pollution control system (ESP) easily

Enhancement of existing greenbelt

Impact assessment

Air quality: Air quality: Air dispersion modeling study shows that PM10 concentration will

increase by 2.62 g, PM2.5 increase by 1.007 g, SO2 concentration by 6.72 g and NO2 conc.

Increase by 3.60 g near the project site. The resultant ground level concentration (after

adding incremental load) anticipated to be within NAAQS. Negative impact on ambient air

quality anticipated due to stack gas emissions and transportation activities of the proposed

project;




Ecology and biodiversity: Minor negative impact anticipated on avi-fauna due to stack gas

temperature (approx. 80-90oC). Fly ash emitted will settle mainly in 0.5-1 km distance from

stack. Thus, agricultural vegetation and flora/plants in this area are likely to get affected due

to dust/fly ash (particulate matter).

Human health: Probability of respiratory or similar disease due to proposed increase in air

pollutant is very rare, unless the person/s get exposed, beyond the stipulated NAAQS.

Manmade environment: Dispersion modeling study indicates that pollutant levels will be

within NAAQS during operation phase of the distillery. Thus, impact on manmade

environment is presumed to be negligible.

4.4.2 Water environment

The impact of a distillery project on water environment is crucial from two aspects viz. the

consumption of water in process and the generation of wastewater in the form of spentwash,

spentlees etc.

4.4.2.1 Anticipated impact

The maximum water requirement for the project is 559 m3/day (table 2.6) i.e. 3.72 lit/lit of

alcohol produced when sugar syrup is used as feedstock for 150 KLPD capacity utilization. In

case C molasses is used as feedstock, the water requirement for 100 KLPD capacity utilization

is 400 m3/day or 4.00 lit/lit of alcohol produced. The water requirement when B heavy molasses

is used as feedstock for 150 KLPD capacity utilization is 456m3/day or 3.04 lit/lit of alcohol

produced. It has been minimized by planning maximum recycling and reuse. High water

requirement impacts the other users in times of water scarcity/drought. The wastewater

generated from the project will include spent wash, spent lees, blow down water and water

due to cleaning in place. The general characteristics of spent wash (table 2.11, pg 2-25) reveal

the high potential of water and soil pollution. Its acidic nature, brown colour and strong odour

makes it more troublesome pollutant. It can make water totally unfit for drinking and domestic

purpose. In case of discharge of spent wash into lakes or ponds, such waterbodies require

considerable time to get restored to normal conditions. Restoration time depends upon the

quantity of pollutants gets discharged. Thus, treatment and zero liquid discharge of spent

wash is very important.

Compared to spent wash, spent lees - another wastewater from the process - is mildly

polluted. Blow down from boiler and cooling tower/s, cooling water, fermenter wash water

and water due to cleaning are the other minor wastewater streams. All these can be easily




treated in conventional treatment plants and treated water can be reused. The same is planned

in the proposed project

4.4.2.2 Preventive, control and mitigation measures

For impact assessment process, worst case scenario is considered. Therefore, in the present

case, spent wash generation and disposal for B heavy molasses is considered and described

here. Raw spent wash generation will be 8 L per L of alcohol. Hence, spent wash of 1200 m3/day

expected to be generated from proposed unit. This will be reduced to 600 m3/day through

integrated evaporation. It will be sent to Multi-Effect Evaporation (MEE) for concentrating it

up to 60 % solids (i.e. 600brix). Thus, its volume will get reduced to 200 m3 (248 Tons

considering specific gravity of 1.24). This concentrated spent wash will be incinerated using

coal as a fuel. This is the scheme for ‘zero liquid discharge’ of spent wash.

Spent wash (raw as well as concentrated) will be stored in especially designed impervious

tanks, constructed as per CREP guidelines (refer chapter 2 pp. 2-29).

Spent lees, condensate from MEE, blow down water and other wastewater streams of the

distillery will be sent to CPU. Treated water will be reused in the unit. Thus, ZLD for all type of

wastewater will be achieved.

Reuse of water (after proper treatment)

Low strength wastewater such as spent lees, condensate of MEE and washing water, etc. will

be treated in Condensate polishing unit (CPU - refer chapter 2, page 2.30 for its details).

Treated water of ~1000 m3/day will be reused mainly for molasses dilution and/or cooling

activities and/or for gardening/greenbelt.

Recycle of water: Steam condensate will be recycled after cooling. Similarly, water stream

used for cooling will be recycled for the same activity after cooling. About 728 to 1000 m3 of

water is estimated to get recycled.

Conservation of water: Rainwater will be harvested. Rain water from roof top areas of

industrial shed and buildings will be stored in reservoir and partly fulfill the requirement

during startup. Whereas water from other areas will be sent to ground recharge. Ground water

recharging will be done as per the guidelines of State Ground Water Board/Authority.

Water availability

While designing the project, water conservation through recycling of mildly polluted water

and reuse of treated water is planned at every possible step. Thus, the unit will recycle and

reuse max. 2522 m3/day of water every day (Refer chapter 2 table 2.6 page 2-12 and 2-13).

Other measures

Sewage treatment plant (STP) proposed for domestic wastewater treatment

Spent wash transportation through HDPE pipelines




Leak detection system will be developed for spent wash transportation activity

Spent wash storage tanks sizes will be as per EC or consent conditions

Installation of piezometer near the spent wash storage tanks

Monitoring of ground water quality in the immediate surrounding village/s, during

pre-monsoon, post monsoon and in winter seasons, every year

Wired fencing around the spent wash storage tanks to prevent entry of stray animals

Installation of online effluent monitoring system as per CPCB guidelines

Compliance of consent conditions imposed by SPCB

4.4.2.4 Impact assessment

Negative impact envisaged due to use of ground water. Other users from the study area, likely

to get affected due to extraction of ground water for the project, in a situation of less rainfall

or a drought, negative impact likely to increase.

Water/aquatic environment: In normal situation - when all measures are working properly

(e.g. operation of ETP, STP, CPU) - no negative impact envisaged on water environment as well

as aquatic ecosystems of the surrounding area, due to achieving ‘zero liquid discharge’.

Negative impact is envisaged in abnormal i.e. accidental situation if spent wash gets released

into nearby waterbody. This might be observed in case of leakages in the spent wash holding

tanks. Another probability of such contamination is breakdown in the spent wash

transportation pipelines. In such circumstances, negative impact anticipated as described

above. Magnitude or severity of impact will depend upon the quantity of spent wash

discharged.

Air environment: Negative impact on air, envisaged due to odour of spent wash

Soil Environment: In the proposed project, there is a provision of impervious tanks for spent

wash storage. Hence, probability of soil pollution and ground water contamination due to

percolation of spentwash is considered negligible. Therefore, no negative impact anticipated,

in normal situation. However, ground water quality monitoring at nearest bore well to the site

is necessary and to be carried out regularly. In addition, piezometer to be installed near the

spent wash storage tanks and inspection should be carried out regularly.

Ecology and biodiversity: No direct impact, envisaged due to spent wash storage. However,

its odour anticipated to cause negative impact on fauna. But insects may get attracted towards

it. Spent wash incineration process is anticipated to have minor impact on surrounding

vegetation due to increase in the concentration of particulate matter and SO2. In case of

wastewater from existing sugar unit, it is already properly treated, partially recycled/reused

and remaining disposed for irrigation.




4.4.3 Soil/Land environment

The distillery industry is an agro-based industry and hence its impact on soil is crucial.

4.4.3.1 Impact of effluent discharge & solid waste

In case of molasses-based distilleries, spent wash and spent lees are the probable sources of

soil pollution if not managed properly. As described earlier, highly polluted wastewater i.e.

spent wash if not stored properly in impervious tanks or discharged on land untreated or half

treated, it likely to cause soil pollution. It affects seed germination and soil fertility. Leaching

of salts from spent wash and its run off are the secondary pollution sources. Similarly, the

other wastewater streams i.e. spent lees, condensate from MEE, etc. if released untreated it

affects soil fertility mainly due to its COD/BOD and other characteristics.

Table 4.4 gives details of the solid waste generated and its management

Table 4.4: Solid waste and its management

# Waste Quantity TPA Disposal

1 Yeast sludge (dry) 25-30 Mixed into soil due to organic nature

2 Ash – total (considering

coal and spentwash) 22620 Sold to brick manufacturing units

3 Distillery CPU Sludge 150-170 Mixed into soil due to organic nature

4 Spent oil from DG 2-5 KL Spent oil is burnt in boiler

4.4.3.2 Preventive, control and mitigation measures

Wastewater: Spent wash will be disposed by incineration process. It will be stored in

impervious tanks as per CPCB guidelines. Other polluted water will be treated in CPU and

reused. ZLD will be achieved.

Boiler ash: The ash generated due to burning of spent wash with coal will be sold to nearby

brick manufacturing unit. In case of burning of spent wash with bagasse or rice husk, ash will

be rich in potash and other soil nutrients. Thus, it will be given to local farmers to mix into the

soil. Ash will be covered while transporting to storage site as well as site of disposal.

Sludge from CPU and yeast sludge: This sludge is usually bio-degradable, organic and nearly

neutral in nature. It doesn’t contain any toxic or hazardous elements. Therefore, this will be

safely disposed by mixing into soils.

Hazardous waste: Molasses based distilleries doesn’t produce any hazardous distillation

residue. The only hazardous waste likely to get generated in the project will be the scrap

oil/grease from DG set and machineries. However, the DG set will be used only in case of total




power failure i.e. captive as well as failure of power supply from state electricity board. Thus,

the quantity of used or scrap oil is assumed to be minor. This waste oil will be disposed-off

safely by mixing it with fuel for the boiler and burnt.

4.4.3.3 Impact assessment

Soil environment: Minor negative impact is envisaged on soil near ash storage area. Mixing

of degradable organic solid waste and ash will help in improving soil organic carbon and

potash. This anticipated to have positive impact on soil.

Ecology and biodiversity: No negative impact envisaged due to solid waste; enhancement

in micro-flora due to increase in soil organic carbon (disposal of sludge or ash).

Water environment: There is no surface water body in 1 km radius of the site. Thus, negative

impact due to solid waste on nearby surface water bodies envisaged low/minor.

4.4.4 Noise

The principal sources of noise are boiler, STG and plant machinery (crusher, conveyer, etc.).

Additionally, handling of ash and DG set are also considered as noise sources. Increase in

traffic due to project activity can also lead to increase in noise levels. Boiler and STG will be

within industrial shed (covered area) and therefore, noise will get confined.

4.4.4.1 Anticipated Impacts

The noise levels in the industry and vicinity are expected to increase due to the industrial

sources mentioned above and also due to increase in traffic due to transportation of raw

material and finished product. Increase in noise levels impacts people working in the industry

as well as those staying in the surrounding areas. Continuous exposure to high noise levels

can result in effects on human hearing mechanism which include TTS or temporary threshold

shift (reversible), PTS or permanent threshold shift (irreversible), mild to moderate hearing loss

etc. It can also cause other effects like speech interference, annoyance, sleep disturbance,

mental fatigue, increase in blood pressure etc.

4.4.4.2 Mitigation Measures

Noise generated in the boiler and STG section will be localized & confined because it will be

under shed/covered area. Thus, generated noise will be localized. Control measures to

maintain noise level within the standard limit (of 75dB (A) for day time and 70 dB(A) for night

time) are as follows.

The rotating equipment to be maintained by periodical oiling and/or greasing

Installing machines and equipment of standard make as well as using spare parts of

standard make (complying with IS or other international standard)




By stopping leakages from various steam lines, compressed air lines and other high-

pressure equipment

DG set from a manufacturer that meets CPCB’s criteria for noise

Encasement of noise generating equipment where it cannot be controlled otherwise.

Providing noise proof cabins to operators where remote control for operating noise

generating equipment is feasible.

Providing personal protective equipment such as ear plugs or ear muffs for persons

with high exposure to noise

Regular rotation of duties for personnel exposed to noise

Developing greenbelt or barriers to reduce noise levels

4.4.4.3 Impact Assessment

The impacts of noise in the working environment would be controlled with the mitigation

measure given above and this would not be very significant. The noise transmission outside

the industrial premises will be very low. The greenbelt developed around the distillery would

help in attenuating the noise and thus noise impact outside the premises is also not expected

to be significant.

4.4.5 Ecology and Biodiversity

Impacts on ecology and biodiversity are observed due to the following

Habitat destruction, alteration and/or fragmentation due to the project

Disturbance to wild life or habitat disturbance

Pollution (from the project processes and activities)

Project linked activities such as lighting, transportation – likely to cause impact

Threat to rare, endangered flora and fauna

The above impact causing factors were examined with respect to project specific activities

while considering baseline environmental conditions as well as measures planned for

prevention, control and mitigation of pollution.

a. Probability of habitat destruction/alteration i.e. converting existing habitat into

agricultural land and/or constructed area

While assessing impact, this is considered as a major probability. Habitat destruction and/or

alteration may take place due to actual construction work of the proposed expansion project

and due to increase in the cane cultivation area which is a raw material for the distillery.




Proposed project is expansion of existing unit, it will be mainly done using open space

available in adjacent to the existing distillery unit. The plot is more or less open. It is partially

covered by seasonal grasses and few weedy bushes are observed. Expansion unit will be

constructed on the said plot. Thus, habitat destruction or alteration considered minimal.

Probability of negative impact due to proposed construction on surrounding ecology

presumed very low.

While assessing the probability of habitat alteration or destruction for cultivation purpose. It

is observed that presently >85% of the study area is under agricultural land use. Conversion

of forest or grassland into agriculture presumed insignificant as the law enforcement is quite

good and people are law abiding. Secondly, cane cultivation area is quite adequate and new

area not need to be brought under cane cultivation. Thus, issue of wild habitat alteration for

agriculture envisaged insignificant.

Yashwantrao Chavan Sagareshwar Sanctuary is just outside the study area. The core area of

the Sanctuary, where wild animals dwell is totally fenced by the Forest Department. This factor

is very important. It reduces the probability of habitat destruction or alteration by outsiders as

well as it totally eliminates man-animal conflict. Another fact is, eco-sensitive area of the

wildlife sanctuary is demarcated upto 100 m from its existing boundary. Since, the major, core

part of the sanctuary is fenced, probability of habitat destruction and/or alteration assumed

very low or insignificant. Similarly, probability of emigration of faunal elements to a new

area/habitat is very low.

It is observed that, many varieties of sorghum are originally reported from this region.

Therefore, indirect impact of the project on biodiversity of the landraces is anticipated. It is

due to change in the crop preference by local farmers i.e. from traditional sorghum crop to

sugar cane. This may cause decrease in the area of traditional landraces of sorghum and threat

in long term future.

Measure/s: Agricultural department of the factory will undertake a programme for conserving

and protecting the traditional varieties/landraces of sorghum.

b. Impact due to habitat disturbance or disturbance to wildlife

The sanctuary is more than 10 km from the site. Existing sugar unit as well as distillery is

operational for more than 45 years (prior to declaration of the Sanctuary). So far, the activities

of sugar as well as distillery unit neither caused any direct impact on the wildlife of the

sanctuary nor on the surrounding natural habitats. Following activities linked with the project

are also assessed for its potential impact/s.




i) Transportation activities: In case of proposed project, wildlife outside sanctuary area is

very limited and its sighting is rare. Pune-Bangalore national highway is very close (approx. 7

km from the site), In addition, state highway and other road infrastructure is well developed

in the region. Except state and national highways, traffic density on other roads is also low.

Considering the above situation and transportation requirement of the proposed project,

minor negative impact envisaged in the form of disturbance to fauna. Noise from

transportation as well as auto exhaust presumed as impact causing factors. This potential

impact will be localized, mainly along the road/transportation route and observed at

periodical interval.

ii) Odour due to storage of spent wash: Odour is anticipated mainly from spentwash. It is

having sweet odour, which is not obnoxious or repellent as such. But, irritation or disturbance

to fauna envisaged due to odour.

Mitigation measures: Use existing road infrastructure. No new roads to be constructed outside

the premises which may lead to disturbances or fragment the habitat.

Spent wash storage tank capacity will be maintained as per EC and/or consent conditions.

Greenbelt development will help in reducing the odour to some extent.

iii) Impact due to water consumption by the project

While assessing the project activities wrt to this factor, water scarcity anticipated particularly

during summer or in drought situation. This is likely to cause negative impact on aquatic and

terrestrial fauna.

Mitigation Measures: Project proponent will make suitable arrangements (e.g. artificial tanks,

ponds, etc.) for watering birds and domestic animals of the neighboring area, particularly

during the months of summer or in drought situation, till sufficient amount of water gets

available naturally.

c. Impacts due to discharge of pollutants

Here, impact of pollutant and/or pollution on ecology and biodiversity is assessed for air,

water, noise and solid waste. It is based on the project specific data and baseline

environmental conditions.

Air pollution: Particulate matter (fly ash and fugitive dust/ash – as main source), settle on

leaves of the plants and affect the photosynthesis - thus growth of the plants. Increase in air

pollutant concentration anticipated mainly upto 2 - 3 km radius of the project. Hence, its




impact on ecology and biodiversity anticipated for the same area. Impact on flora/natural and

agricultural vegetation in this area anticipated high in case of partial or total failure of ESP.

Air pollution due to transportation activity is identified as another impact causing factor.

However, levels of SO2, NO2, and CO for the study area is well within the limits. Greenbelt is

already developed for sugar and distillery unit which will help in abatement of the vehicular

pollution. Overall, minor impact anticipated on flora as well as fauna in the vicinity of

transportation routes.

Mitigation measures: Greenbelt development/enhancement as per the guidelines – includes

three raw plantations in the periphery of the project. Greenbelt thickness to improve in the

downwind directions (east, NE) of the project. If feasible undertaking plantation in the villages

adjacent to the project.

Water pollution: In case of water pollution, impact on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem

envisaged low due to proposed measures. But in accidental case, if spent wash (untreated or

partially treated) reaches to any of the surface water bodies, it likely to cause severe impact

on aquatic ecosystem and biodiversity. In such circumstances, DO depletion, acidification,

increase in organic content of receiving waters anticipated as a major impact. Reddish-brown

colour and odour of spent wash likely to add severity of problem in such situations. All this

likely to affect the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystem.

Anticipated impact: in normal situation, water pollutants from the proposed project

envisaged to cause no significant change or disturbance in the surrounding ecosystem. Thus,

no negative impact anticipated. However, in case of accidental release of spent wash or

wastewater into natural waterbodies or on land (terrestrial ecosystem), it will change the

qualitative characteristics of receiving waters and/or soils.

The wastewater generated will be treated and recycled/reused for greenbelt, which is

anticipated as positive impact. It will help in conserving the resource as well as efficient

utilization of it.

Measures: Regular monitoring of surface/ground water bodies near to the project

Solid waste: Solid waste (other than ash) from the project i.e. sludge from ETP/CPU,

fermentation unit and spent wash storage tanks observed organic in nature. It is proposed to

dry it in sludge drying bed and added to soil. Thus, nutrients will get recycled and soil

enrichment will take place. This anticipated as positive impact on the land/soil and the local

eco-system.




d. Impact on wildlife due to project activities such as excessive light during night time

etc.

Lighting arrangements in distilleries observed similar to any workshop, Light arrangements

are usually simple. Light penetration outside the premises observed minor. The road lights at

distillery unit are to avoid accidents but they are not glaring or intense. It will be turned

downwards. These precautions will help in reducing adverse impact of light arrangements on

nocturnal fauna. There is a plenty of open spaces and tree barriers in the surrounding. Overall,

light arrangements of the project anticipated to cause minor negative impact.

Greenbelt enhancement: The project proponent has already developed greenbelt in the

existing unit as well as in the housing colony area, Biodiversity is established in the premises

due to existing greenbelt and hence as a result displacement of any fauna is not anticipated.

Enhancing width of existing tree curtain will provide food and shelter to many faunal species.

It will also help in improving the aesthetics. This is a positive impact anticipated due to the

project.

Threat to the species protected under W(P)A 1972 and from IUCN threat category

This assessment is done by considering Likelihood score. While assigning the likelihood score,

project processes and allied activities were considered. Impact of these processes and

activities anticipated for normal situation as well as in abnormal/accidental.

Table 4.5: Criteria for likelihood score

Impact scenario Likelihood score

Direct, almost certain, major/severe 4

Direct, almost certain, moderate 3

Direct or Indirect, low likelihood, moderate 2

Direct or Indirect, low magnitude 1

No direct or indirect changes/impact 0




Table 4.6: Assessment of impact on ecology and biodiversity considering the

important scenario and its likelihood

# Scenario

Likelihood

score

Part A

1 Habitat fragmentation/destruction in the natural ecosystem of the study

area

1

2 Habitat destruction in the project premises 0

3 Habitat destruction in the immediate surrounding of the project boundary 0

4 Habitat alteration in the ecosystems of the study area 1

5 Impact on IUCN threatened species due to the project activities

(considered transportation as a major impact causing factor - wrt food,

foraging, breeding/nesting, etc)

1

6 Impact on schedule I and/or II species of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 of

the study area due to the project activities (considered transportation as

a major impact causing factor - wrt food, foraging, breeding/nesting, etc)

1

7 Whether IUCN threatened species likely to get affected by habitat loss

and/or migration of species, etc (e.g. migration to new areas or

immigration)

1

8 Whether the schedule I and/or II species of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972

likely to get affected by habitat loss and/or migration of species, etc (e.g.

migration to new areas or immigration)

1

TOTAL 06

Part B

Project specific activities and its potential impact on ecosystem and/or

biodiversity of the study area

1. Transportation of material during construction and operation phases

(mainly dust and increase in auto exhaust)

2

2. Spent wash handling, storage and disposal (normal) 0

3. Spent wash handling, storage and disposal (accidental) 1

4. Coal ash storage, handling and disposal 1

5. Other wastewater handling, storage and disposal (normal) 1

6. other solid waste handling, storage and disposal (normal) 1

7. In case of fire accident 1

8. Impact on traditional land races 3

TOTAL (Part B) 10




While assessing the likelihood score, project processes and allied activities were considered.

Impact of these processes and activities anticipated for normal situation as well as in

abnormal/accidental.

Combined likelihood score for part A and B observed 16, which is 25 % of maximum (64). It

indicates probability of lower scale impact on ecology and biodiversity of the study area due

to proposed expansion. As described in chapter 3, this area partially exhibits ‘edge effect’

where natural biodiversity observed due to boundaries of two ecosystems (semi evergreen

forests in the western part of the study area and grassland in the eastern part). This factor was

also considered while assessing the likelihood score.

Overall, implementation of various measures (for environment management) suggested in this

report need to be done carefully, under the supervision of trained staff/experts. Project

processes and activities to be implemented and monitored by developing standard operating

procedures (SOP) for the same. Any deviation in the planned procedure should be reported

to the management, time to time.

4.4.6 Impact Socio-economic environment

While assessing the impact on socio-economy of the study area and surrounding, following

points were examined to understand negative impacts (if any)

Any rehabilitation and/or restoration due to project

Large scale population flux

Pressure on local resources and infrastructure (such as road, hospitals, educational

institutions, etc)

After examining above mentioned points, it was observed that there are no issues of

rehabilitation or restoration involved with the project. Sugar as well as distillery units are

already well established. The man power requirement for the proposed expansion is limited.

Considering availability of technical as well as general educational institutes in the

neighboring areas, required man power will easily get available at local level. Thus, probability

of large scale migration of population to the study area is very low. The sugar mill has played

vital role in the development of this region. As a result, infrastructure such as road, electricity,

water supply, health facilities, educational institutions (including engineering and medical

colleges) observed well developed. Therefore, probability of pressure on the local

infrastructure and resources presumed very low.

Beneficial impacts of the project were assessed considering following points




The project is agro-based, proposed by a leading cooperative sugar mill. Sugar unit

as well as distillery is in operation for more than four decades

There are about 12,000 member farmers supply sugar cane to the mill. In addition,

roughly 25,000-30,000 non-members also supply cane to the factory. All these families

will be indirectly benefitted by the proposed expansion of distillery unit

Local labour involved in the process of cane cultivation/crop management, presumed

indirect beneficiary. There number is roughly estimated at approx 15,000.

Presently, the factory is providing employment to about 2,000 people. They will also

be benefitted by the proposed expansion.

So, these families will be directly benefitted due to expansion. In addition to these

members,

Thus, roughly 59,000 families will be directly or indirectly benefited

The sugar factory will generate additional revenue by utilizing its available resource i.e.

land, water and molasses.

The generation of power will easily meet its captive demand; hence, the factory will be

independent for its power requirement.

Indirect employment is also anticipated for transporters, local shops, refreshment

shops, and service providers such as garages etc.

Since establishment of the sugar mill, there is a tremendous improvement in the socio-

economic conditions of the locals. Developments such as improvement in road

infrastructure, establishment of new schools, colleges and educational institutes,

facilities for medical and health, and even sports related activity are mainly because of

establishment of the sugar factory and its continuous support.

Considering the long-term benefits to the locals and no issues of rehabilitation or restoration

involved with the project, it is anticipated that project will have immense positive impact on

socio-economic environment of the region.

4.4.7 Impact on physiography, Geology and hydro-geology (drainage)

The land is already under the possession of sugar factory. Therefore, there will not be

additional land acquisition. The project will not change or alter any natural drainage system.

Proper storm water drainage system is already developed at the site. Hence, the expansion

project will not contribute for water logging or flooding in rainy season.

The project doesn’t involve any blasting or deep excavation work or mining of any minerals.

Therefore, it is envisaged to have practically no negative impact on geological structure of the

region.




Due to change in physiography of the site, minor negative impact is envisaged on drainage of

the region.

4.4.8 Other impact: Traffic

In the project, the transportation activity will take place mainly during the construction phase.

This is an existing unit and quantum of additional construction is very small as infrastructure

optimization is possible. Further the erection is more as fabricated forms needing limited

transport of building materials and period of construction. Due to mechanization the number

of workers expected to be nominal. The number of vehicles are thus controlled. During

operation phase, the transportation activity expected to increase due to proposed expansion.

Considering the availability of asphalted roads in the vicinity, as well as national and state

highway in the study area this increase in vehicles probably cause minimal or no traffic

congestion.

4.5 Summary of Impact Assessment

A summary of the impact assessment of the project is given in table 4.6. The impacts have

been assessed in normal, abnormal and emergency situations and significance assessment has

been done for each impact on the basis of severity of impact, area of impact, duration of

impact and frequency of occurrence. The scale of measuring these factors is given below the

table. The highest score achievable is 625 and considerable impact score is >310 (Here, score

300 also considered as a major/significant impact).

The significance assessment shows that the major negative impact causing factors are

Odour due to storage of spentwash

Fugitive dust from transportation, handling and storage of coal and ash, ash disposal

Air pollution due to vehicular emissions

Fresh water availability in drought situation

At the same time, the major positive impact of the project is on the socio-economic

environment due to direct and indirect employment generation as well as the utility value of

the product. The production of ethanol for blending with petrol is also a positive impact.

Minor negative impact on air, water environment, and negligible impact on soil environment

and overall ecosystem of the surrounding region is envisaged due to the proposed activity.

Significance assessment score for these impacts are less than 300 which indicate that the

provisions to mitigate the impacts are adequate. However, these impacts can be further

reduced by proper implementation of suggested measures in this chapter as well as in

Environment Management Plan (Chapter 10).




Table 4.7: Summary of Impact Assessment and environment management plan proposed for the respective aspect

X= Severity, Y = Area, Z = Duration and F = frequency

Activity Aspect N/AB/E Impact Receptor Legislative concern (Y/N)

Concern of interested parties (Y/N)

Business opportunity (Y/N)

Significance assessment

X Y Z F Total

Burning of spent wash with coal or bagasse and rice husk in incineration boiler to produce process steam

Air pollution: Change in ambient air quality due to release of Particulate matter, SOx , NOx and CO2 as flue/stack gas emissions

Normal (i.e. a situation when APC system works properly)

On the basis of dispersion modeling, levels of PM, NOx and SOx anticipated to increase marginally but will be within NAAQS – minor impact anticipated on health of factory workers due exposure to PM –minor impact anticipated in 1.5 to 2 km radius of the project (as per dispersion modeling study)

Mainly Workers, agricultural and wild vegetation, domestic and wild animals,

Yes Yes No 3 3 5 5 225

Abnormal (partial failure in control system)

PM levels anticipated to increase moderate to high (compared to normal)- causing an impact on human health and major impact on surrounding crops/vegetation; moderate impact on water bodies

Workers, villagers, agricultural and wild vegetation, domestic and wild animals

Yes Yes No 5 5 2 3 150

Emergency Level of PM anticipated to be higher than normal Significant impact on human health as well as plants (particularly crops) and water bodies

Workers, villagers, agricultural and wild vegetation, domestic and wild animals

Yes Yes No 5 5 2 2 100








X Y Z F Total

Handling & storage of fuel (Coal /bagasse) and ash; ash transportation, ash disposal

Air pollution: increase in particulate matter due to fugitive emissions

Normal Increase in PM levels anticipated, mainly at project site/premises, its vicinity and along the transportation route

Workers within premises, residents in immediate surrounding

Yes Yes Yes 3 5 5 5 375

Abnormal (control measures not working properly)

Levels of PM anticipated to increase significantly, mainly within premises and its vicinity and along the transportation route

Yes Yes No 4 3 2 5 120

Vehicular emissions

Air pollution: PM, NOx, HC

Normal Increase in air pollution (PM, NOX, HC, Etc.) due to increase in the vehicle number plying on the roads (bulk transportation of material)

Residents along roads, workers within premises, vegetation along roads

Yes Yes Yes 3 5 5 4 300

Storage of molasses, spent wash &fermentation process

Odour due to storage & CO2 from fermentation

Normal Odour nuisance (irritation, headaches, psychological disorders related to odour)

workers in the premises, Residents in the nearby areas, plants and animals

No Yes Yes 3 4 5 5 300

Operation of machinery and equipment for process

Noise: generation due to operation of the machinery

Normal (suggested control measures working properly)

Impact on health of workers due to continuous exposure to different levels of noise as well as vibrations

Mainly workers & residents in immediate vicinity

Yes Yes No 3 2 5 5 150








X Y Z F Total

Abnormal (noise control not functioningproperly )

Increase in noise levels and its impact on health of workers due to continuous exposure to different levels of noise as well as vibrations Disturbance and irritation – terrestrial animals in 1-2 km radius

Mainly workers & residents in immediate vicinity as well as terrestrial fauna

Yes Yes No 5 3 3 3 135

Transportation

Noise and vibration

Normal Impact on health of workers and residents along the road due to exposure to different levels of noise as well as vibrations

Mainly workers and residents along roads

Yes

No No 2 3 5 4 120

Fresh water utilized for process

Fresh water availability for other users from existing source

Normal No impact envisaged as the water drawl will be within the limits specified in the permission letter of irrigation department

Villagers in the vicinity, domestic animals

No No No 2 5 4 3 120

Abnormal It is envisaged that other users are likely to get affected in water scarcity situation

Villagers in the vicinity and domestic animals

Yes Yes No 5 5 4 3 300

Wastewater generation from various project activities,

Water and soil pollution: Contamination of surface or

Normal In normal situation, no negative impact is envisaged on waterbodies, soil, surrounding ecology and human health Reason: adequate measures proposed

Water bodies in the nearby areas, residents, domestic and wild animals

Yes Yes Yes 2 2 5 5 100








X Y Z F Total

its handling, treatment and disposal

ground water, Contamination of soil

Emergency (In situation when spentwash / wastewater is accidentally released outside the premises)

Probability of contamination increases in case of leakages in spent wash storage tanks; it causes impact on ground water by changing its qualitative characteristics., it becomes unfit for drinking and domestic activities; in case of terrestrial ecosystem soil become contaminated and seed germination is affected

Villagers in the vicinity, domestic animals, water bodies in the vicinity (Aquatic life)

Yes Yes No 4 5 4 2 160

Construction of various units (construction phase)

Change in land use

Normal Change in topography of the site, and partial impact anticipated on hydro-geology

Vegetation on site, birds & animals, villagers in the vicinity

Yes No No 3 1 5 5 75

Change in ecosystem

Normal No negative impact envisaged – as tree cutting not involved

No No No 2 2 5 5 100

Solid waste generation from process (mainly ash and sludge)

Water & soil pollution: Impact on flora/fauna Contamination of surface water/ soil

Normal In normal situation, impact of very low magnitude envisaged on surrounding waterbodies and ecosystem in general; because adequate measures are proposed

Waterbodies & soil in nearby areas, residents, domestic and wild animals

Yes No Yes 3 2 5 5 150

Abnormal (failure in control measures – fly ash)

Impact of increase in dust particles envisaged on population in close vicinity, agricultural and wild flora and nearby waterbodies

nearby areas, residents, agricultural/ wild flora and nearby waterbodies

Yes Yes No 4 4 3 3 144








X Y Z F Total

Manufacturing Process & allied activities (transport, storage; handling, treatment & product use or waste disposal

Risk and Hazard

Normal impact of low magnitude anticipated with suggested control measures

Workers, villagers, vegetation at site and immediate surroundings, wild fauna

Yes Yes No 2 2 2 5 40

Emergency (accidental)

Negative impact of moderate to high magnitude anticipated

Yes Yes No 5 2 2 4 80

Ecology and Biodiversity

Normal Impact of low magnitude on terrestrial and aquatic flora/fauna anticipated,

Yes Yes No 3 2 3 3 54

greenbelt development considered as a positive impact

Yes Yes No 4 3 5 5 300

Emergency (e.g. accidental situation)

Impact of moderate to high magnitude anticipated in case of contamination of ground/surface water and soil due to spent wash Negative impact on aquatic life envisaged (partial to permanent damage)

Yes No No 4 5 4 3 240

Socio-economy

Normal Direct and indirect employment generation, improvement in livelihood of locals; production of ethanol – valuable to country – it saves foreign exchange due to blending with petrol; Ethanol is non-fossil, renewable energy source helpful in reducing greenhouse gasses (GHGs) emissions.

Yes Yes Yes 4 5 5 5 500




Highest score = 625;

score for considering impact as significant = >310 (considering 50% of highest score)

SCORE 1 2 3 4 5 X= severity Negligible or very low low moderate high very high Y = area coverage within

premises close vicinity outside the project premises

up to 3 km from project boundary

3-5km from project boundary

>5km from project boundary

Z = Duration very short (for a day or two)

Short (for one to two week)

Medium (few weeks to month)

medium to long (for few months)

prolong periods – throughout year and or every year

F = Frequency

Remote Rare Intermittently Frequently Daily




4.5 DECOMMISSIONING OF THE PROJECT

Major impacts anticipated due to decommissioning of the project are as follows.

Land use/Land Cover: Impact due to construction of the project units/structures is

permanent. Particularly the change due to foundations of various structures will remain

unaffected/permanent even after decommissioning of the project.

4.5.1 Decommissioning of project process units

Project process units such as fermenters, distillation towers, evaporators of MEE system and

integral parts of the production system such as motors, pumps, condensing system, air

pollution control system, etc. are mostly made of steel (MS or SS). These units are useful to

other distilleries or potential buyers for their intended usage. Hence, these units will be made

empty and sold to potential buyers. Totally useless units/parts (due to wear and tear) or out

of order for reuse will be scrapped and sold to authorized scrap dealers. Same practice will be

followed for electrical fixtures, cables and wires i.e. salable material will be sold to potential

buyer and remaining material will be scrapped to authorized dealers.

Boiler (including its all parts and accessories) and furnace will be dismantled safely under the

engineering supervision. It will be sold to potential buyers.

Left over contents of these units such as molasses, fermented wash with alcohol traces, spent

wash (raw or concentrated) will be sent to sludge drying beds. Dried material will be sent to

laboratory for determining its hazard/non-hazard characteristics. Based on the analysis

reports, it will be disposed-off as per the prevailing norms and practices.

Scrap oil will be collected separately in gallons and sold to authorized scrap oil dealers. Ash

will be collected separately and disposed-off as per the prevailing norms and practices.

Impact assessment

Decommissioning activity anticipated to cause increase in noise levels in the project premises

and its immediate surrounding. Increase in noise level anticipated from vehicles used for the

activity. Increase in the dust concentration at site anticipated due to decommissioning and/or

demolition of structures. Dozers, cranes and other machinery commonly used for such activity

likely to increase air emissions. Impact due to such increase in dust concentration and auto

emissions anticipated for short term and reversible.




4.5.2 Decommissioning of spent wash storage tanks, and CPU

Raw or concentrated left over spent wash need to be disposed safely. If left over spent wash

in small quantity, it will be allowed to dry naturally in the tanks/lagoons. If the volume of left

over spent wash is sizable, then evaporators will be operated to dry the spent wash. Dried

spent wash will be disposed-off as per the prevailing norms and practices.

All the wastewater received in the collection tank of CPU will be properly treated before

decommissioning. Prevailing norms and standards will be achieved for treated water. It will be

disposed-off safely as per the prevailing norms and guidelines.

If wastewater, spent wash and solids wastes are disposed into the available natural drainage,

it likely to cause impact in its downstream areas. In such circumstances, change in the

qualitative characteristics of the water body anticipated to disturb the aquatic life to greater

extent.

Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives


5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Analysis of alternative technologies for production to examine the technical and financial

feasibility while considering available resources is essential for the execution of any project.

Rajarambapu Patil Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. (RBPSSKL) is planning expansion molasses-

based distillery unit from 75 KLPD to 150 KLPD to make the best utilization of available

resource, to contribute to the fuel ethanol program and improve the financial viability of the

existing sugar mill. The activities which are a part of this process will include consumption of

natural resources and discharge of wastes to the environment. It is therefore imperative to

analyze the alternatives available for these activities and select the ones with least

environmental impact. Thus, alternatives have to be explored for selection of appropriate site,

technologies for production of alcohol including fermentation & distillation as well as

technologies for treatment and disposal of spent wash & condensates.

5.2 SITE ALTERNATIVES

The expansion will be carried out in the existing premises and therefore no other alternative

sites were considered. The project is planned on land already belonging to the sugar mill.

5.3 TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES: PRODUCTION PROCESS

The production of alcohol can be divided into two stages – fermentation and distillation. A

third stage of dehydration is necessary if fuel ethanol is to be produced.

5.3.1 Fermentation

Continuous fermentation process involves addition of fresh nutrients medium either

continuously or intermittently and withdrawal of portion of nutrient for recovery of

fermentation products. The continuous fermentation proposed is the latest and proven

technology as compared to the old batch fermentation technology. It has many advantages

like continuity of operation, higher efficiency and ease of operation. Continuous fermentation

also results in consistent performance over a long period as compared with batch

fermentation. Most modern ethanol production plants adopt this continuous fermentation

technology.

5.3.2 Multi-pressure distillation

Distillation is necessary is to separate alcohol from fermented wash and to concentrate it to

95% (v/v) alcohol called as rectified spirit. Multipressure distillation is used for this purpose as

it is advantageous as compared to old atmospheric distillation.



5.3.3 Dehydration

Fuel ethanol as per IS specification is nearly 100% pure /water free alcohol. Alcohol as

manufactured by Indian distilleries is rectified spirit, which is 94.68 % alcohol and rest is water.

It is this necessary to remove the water from the alcohol. Following are the alternatives for the

dehydration of alcohol

I) Azeotropic Distillation – using cyclohexane as an entrainer

II) Molecular Sieves – using molecular seive beds

III) Pervaporation / Vapour permeation system – using membranes

Molecular seives are the chosen alternative here. The life of molecular sieve may be around

five to seven years. However, the operating cost is considerably less than azeotropic

distillation.

5.4 TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES: SPENTWASH TREATMENT & DISPOSAL

Spentwash is the waste which causes the most concern of pollution from distilleries. The

technologies for the treatment and safe disposal of spentwash are discussed here.

Traditionally, spentwash was used for irrigation of crops and for composting using press mud

from sugar mills as filler material. At several places in the country, it was applied on land in

an uncontrolled manner which caused the degradation of agricultural land and pollution of

ground water. Occasionally it was also discharged in surface waters affecting the riparian rights

of other users of the water body. CREP guidelines of CPCB/MoEF&CC imposed a restriction on

such utilization of spentwash on agricultural land. Therefore, it is essential to use technologies

to reduce the volume and concentrate the spentwash, so that it can be handled effectively

without damaging the environment. Figure 5.1 gives a schematic of the different options

available for the treatment of distillery spentwash to achieve zero liquid discharge. These are

also described individually in detail as follows.

5.4.1 Reboiler

Reboilers are used in distilleries for concentrating raw spentwash and simultaneously

recovering heat and water. Depending upon the input spentwash quality and the reboiler

design, the spentwash volume can be reduced to 75 to 85% of its original volume. When the

spentwash is to be used for composting and the rate of production of spentwash is more than

10 m3/KL of alcohol production, the volume can be reduced thorough heating and evaporation

of water in a reboiler. This however, results in a corresponding increase in the concentration

of BOD, COD, nitrogen and TDS. Further, the efficiency of conversion of organic matter (BOD)



to biogas in the biomethanation may also decrease when a more concentrated spentwash is

treated.

Figure 5.1: Treatment Options for Raw Spent Wash

5.4.2 Biomethanation

Biomethanation is a well-established process. Many types of reactor systems are commonly

used, namely, up or down-flow fixed film reactor, up-flow partly fluidized bed reactor,

commonly known as Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor and Continuously

Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR). Each system may have different variations of reactor

configuration, effluent and sludge recirculation and mixing. One variation employs two-stage

decomposition in two reactors in series.

Biomethanation reactors when properly designed and operated are capable of treating

spentwash having BOD in the range of 40,000 - 50,000 mg/L with an efficiency of 90% thus

producing an effluent having a BOD in the range of 4,000 - 5,000 mg/L. There is also some

reduction in the TDS content of the spentwash. Sulphate is reduced to hydrogen sulphide,

which escapes with the biogas, and there is a corresponding increase in the carbonate

MEE to spray dryer to convert in

solid powder

Spentwash

Biomethanation

(for distilleries attached to sugar mills)

Bio-composting

Concentration

MEE

Reverse osmosis

Concentration

Mist

evaporation

Concentration and Incineration

(stand alone) distilleries)



alkalinity. This in turn results in precipitation of some calcium. The TDS of the spentwash may

decrease to 15,000 - 25,000 mg/L. pH of spentwash, after biomethanation increases up to 7

or 8. Some reactor designs may require the raw spentwash to be diluted before it can be

treated. This is particularly when the distillery uses continuous fermentation process for

production of alcohol. In this case, the COD of raw spentwash may be in the range of 1,00,000

to 1,20,000 mg/L. Central Pollution Control Board has recommended that the dilution water

should not be more than 30% of the original volume of the spentwash. Depending upon the

fuel, which the biogas replaces, (i.e. bagasse, coal or furnace oil) the cost of the

biomethanation reactor is recovered in 2 to 4 years.

5.4.3 Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Reverse osmosis (RO) has been used commonly as the final step in tertiary treatment of

wastewaters to remove dissolved inorganic solids and some recalcitrant compounds. It is used

to recover good quality of water from grossly polluted wastes. This has been made possible

due to development of new membranes and the membrane module configuration, which

allows easy accessibility for cleaning and replacement of membranes.

Preliminary treatment of wastewater is extremely important in any RO system. Adjustment of

pH and temperature of the waste, which is compatible with the material of the membrane,

increases the membrane life and prior removal of total suspended solids (TSS) decreases the

rate of membrane fouling. Pre-treatment usually comprises of pH correction, pressure sand

filtration followed by cartridge filtration. The effluent is then pressurized and passed through

RO modules. Effluent permeate from the RO plants contains carbon dioxide and sulphides. Its

quality can be improved and stabilized by stripping with compressed air in a packed column

to increase the scope of its utilization. In case there is a premium on the recovery water, the

reject from the RO plant is further treated through a secondary RO system or nano-filtration,

which uses a more 'open textured' membrane. This step produces permeate having 22,000-

25,000 mg/L TDS, 3,500-4,500 mg/L COD and 1,000-1,200 mg/L BOD. The permeate recovery

is 11-14% of the first stage feed.

The operation of the RO plant requires skilled personnel. The spares for regular maintenance

may also not be available in the open market. The membranes are imported and fouling could

be a problem. Running of the plant therefore should be entrusted to the supplier to ensure

efficient and continuous operation.



5.4.4 Multiple Effect Evaporators

Though evaporation is an established unit operation in chemical engineering practice, its use

for concentration of spentwash is recent. With improvements in design and materials and the

willingness of the alcohol industry to spend more on pollution control equipment, some

distilleries are in the process of installing evaporation and drying plants.

Both biomethanated and raw spentwash can be fed to the evaporators. Steam used in the

evaporation process and the evaporated water from the spentwash feed form the condensate

or the recovered water. The condensate has a slightly acidic pH, BOD and COD of about 10

and 100 mg/L, respectively.

The biomethanated feed containing about 4-5% of solids is concentrated to 30-33% solids

content. The concentrated spentwash can be either used for the preparation of compost or

further dried in a spray dryer to yield a solid powder containing about 4-5% moisture. The

calorific value of the powder is 2500 kcal/kg and it can be burnt for production of steam. The

ash obtained from the combustion of the powder is saleable for its potash content. The dry

powder also has a market value of about Rs.750/T, as a soil additive rich in organic matter and

potash. The concentrated spentwash after evaporation can also be used directly as an auxiliary

fuel along with other fuel for generation of steam.

From a 300 m3/d plant treating biomethanated spentwash, about 620kg/hr effluent powder is

generated, which when burnt yields 127 kg/h ash. The ash contains about 21% potash.

In case raw spentwash containing 10% solids is concentrated, the yield of effluent powder and

ash is 1875 kg/hr and 394 kg/h respectively.

5.4.5 Mist Evaporator

The mist evaporator creates a mist of small droplets by pumping spentwash through small

diameter nozzles placed around the periphery of a duct through which air is blown. The unit

is placed at the edge of a lagoon and the spentwash is pumped. The resulting mist forms a

trajectory reaching as high as 18 m and going up to 55 m in the horizontal direction. The

large surface area of the mist results in evaporation of water and a concentrated spentwash

falls back in the lagoon. The rate of evaporation depends on temperature, humidity and wind

speed.

Mist evaporator is in use only at one location for a distillery of 30 KL/d capacity. The

manufacturers of the evaporator claim that for the yearly average ambient conditions, 2 units

each of 30 KW would be required to evaporate 300 m3/d of spentwash.



Setting up of the unit is easy and requires minimal supervision and maintenance compared to

other concentration methods. However, it will operate with varying efficiency during the year.

In the rainy season or in humid weather, there will be little or no evaporation and the

spentwash will have to be stored. Since, the wind direction is likely to change a number of

times for short periods over a day, there is likelihood of the mist spray falling outside the

lagoon.

5.4.6 Incineration

“Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances

contained in waste materials”. Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment

systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the

waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of

the waste and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. The

flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed

into the atmosphere. In some cases, the heat generated by incineration can be used to

generate electric power.

Incineration with energy recovery is one of several waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies.

Incineration may also be implemented without energy and materials recovery. Incinerators

reduce the solid mass of the original waste by 80–85% and the volume by 95-96%, depending

on composition and degree of recovery of materials such as metals from the ash for recycling.

The gas mixture then completes its combustion in a secondary combustion chamber. The

secondary chamber is large enough to allow settling of any particles that remain unburned. A

chimney or stack then disperses the gases in to the atmosphere.

Table 5.1: Merits and demerits of various technologies

# Technology Merits Demerits

1. Concentration Reduction in volume

Energy generation after

combustion

Start-up and restart-up is a

problem

Scaling problem

2. Biomethanation Energy generation Increase in volume

It is a primary treatment only

and has high initial cost

3. Biocomposting Zero liquid discharge (ZLD)

can be achieved

Large area required

Odour problem



# Technology Merits Demerits

Production of good quality

manure

Operation not possible in

rainy season

Availability of filler material is

a problem

4. Reverse

Osmosis

Recovery of water

Reduction in volume

Higher initial and operational

cost

Fouling problem

Membranes are not

indigenously available

5. Incineration Causes a significant reduction

in the volume of waste

A large portion of the organic

compounds including

putrescible and hazardous

waste is destroyed. Net

reduction in the quantity of

toxicity

It provides better control over

odour and noise

It occupies less land

Causes atmospheric pollution

if incinerators are not well

maintained

Incinerators are costly to

construct, operate and

regulate

It lacks system flexibility. The

demand for recycled and

recovered material for

different treatment methods is

likely to change over time

After consideration of all the above alternatives, RBPSSKL has decided to adopt MEE followed by

Incineration for treatment and disposal of distillery spentwash when molasses is used as feedstock

and concentration followed by biomethanation followed by composting when sugarcane juice is

used as feedstock. This will help to achieve zero liquid discharge and avoid water pollution.



5.5 TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES- CONDENSATE POLISHING UNIT (CPU)

Condensate polishing unit, treats condensate from process/MEE as well as spentlees and other

minor effluents. Following alternatives are available for CPU -

i. Conventional anaerobic treatment followed by aerobic (extended or diffused

aeration) treatment followed by polishing

ii. RO – MBR Technology

iii. Photo-oxidation

Considering the initial capital investment and recurring cost of operation of the three options

above, conventional anaerobic treatment followed by aerobic treatment followed by polishing

has been chosen for treating condensates. Treated water will be recycled/ reused in the

industry. The proposed option will be able to achieve the aim of “Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD)”.

Chapter 6: Env. Monitoring Program



6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.1 INTRODUCTION

An environmental monitoring program provides a delivery mechanism to address the adverse

environmental impacts of a project during its execution, to enhance project benefits, and to

introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for the project works. Environmental

monitoring helps to create a baseline for the impact of industrial pollutants in the air, land

and water. By studying and submitting air, water and soil samples, significant short and long-

term impacts of industrial projects and the effect they may have on a given area can be

determined. Monitoring is important for the control of pollution since the efficiency of control

measure can only be determined by monitoring. The regular monitoring of environmental

parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during project

operations. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring program will serve as

an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project

& to enable taking up suitable mitigation steps in time to safeguard the environment.

6.2 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL

In order to maintain the environmental quality within the standards, regular monitoring of air,

water/wastewater, soil, noise etc. is essential. It is recommended to constitute a separate

Environment Management Cell by including following personnel of existing staff. It should be

established to monitor and control the environmental quality in an around the industrial

complex. Members of the cell should be well qualified and experienced in concerned field.

Table 6.1: Human Resource for Environment Management Cell

Particular Number

Managing Director One

Distillery Manager One

Environment officer One

Safety Officer One

Evaporation plant Operator One

Lab Chemist Two

Operators Four




6.3 MONITORING PLAN


Water samples from bore well/s located towards downstream of effluent storage area

should be collected and analyzed periodically

Install Piezometer near spentwash storage lagoon

Spentwash samples should be analyzed periodically

Characteristics of inlet and outlet of ETP, should be collected and analyzed as mentioned

frequency in Table 6.2

Environment Statement Reports (Form-V) also to be filed as per the schedule prescribed

by Pollution Control Board

For some of the routine tests of wastewater such as pH, solids, temperature, etc. and for

additional tests of water, wastewater, soil, air etc. services of reputed laboratories approved

by NABL or Ministry of Environment Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC), New Delhi - under

EPA 1986, could be hired.

Online Continuous Monitoring System: Installation of online effluent quality monitoring

system at the outlet of the identified units for the measurement of the parameters, pH,

COD, BOD and other sector specific parameters (Annexure-I) as per the guidelines

provided, not later than by March 31, 2015 and transmission of online data so generated

to SPCB/PCC and CPCB as well.

Installation of surveillance system with industrial grade IP (Internet Protocol) cameras

having PAN, Tilt Zoom (PTZ) with leased line real time connection for data streaming and

transmission of the same.

Ensure regular maintenance and operation of the online system with tamper proof

mechanism having facilities for online calibration.


Stack monitoring to be done from NABL/MoEFCC approved laboratory as per frequency

mentioned in Table 6.2

Ambient air sampling and monitoring should be carried out at least three locations at site

as per CPCB guidelines and frequency mentioned in Table 6.2

In addition, ambient air quality to be tested in upwind and down wind direction once in a

quarter




Noise measurement should be done at minimum five locations on site as per the frequency

mentioned in Table 6.2

Online Continuous Emission Monitoring System: a) Installation of online emission quality

monitoring system for measurement of the sector specific parameters and transmission of

online data so generated simultaneously to SPCB/PCC and CPCB as well.

b) Ensure regular maintenance and operation of the online system with tamper proof

mechanism having facilities for online calibration (onsite/offsite; Remote).

6.3.3 Other Conditions

Table 6.2: Analysis of environmental parameters and its reporting schedule

# Particulars Parameter Frequency#

1 Stack Emissions Particulate matter, SO2, NOx Monthly

2 Ambient Air Quality PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx Monthly

3 Inlet and outlet of polishing

unit

pH, BOD, COD, SS, TDS, Oil & Grease etc. Monthly

4 Bore well /ground water

sample nearer to Effluent

Storage

pH, COD, BOD, Total solids, Chlorides,

Sulphate, Phosphates, and Calcium

Quarterly/Monthly

5 Noise monitoring Noise levels measurement at high noise

generating places as well as sensitive

receptors in the vicinity

Monthly

7 Occupational health Health and fitness checkup of employees

get exposed to various hazards

All other staff (except above) including

contract and casual labor

Quarterly

Once a year

# Follow consent conditions, if consent conditions are different from recommended frequency

Table 6.3: Suggested schedule for maintenance of wastewater treatment unit

# Part See (*) Frequency

1 Bearings See temperature Daily

Change grease Bi-monthly

2 Gland Change packing Bi-monthly/as required

3 Indicators Pressure gauge, vacuum gauge Tri-monthly

4 All type valves Change packing Six-monthly

5 Impellor Check all blades, sleeves, bearing, impel

nut check

Yearly, change if required




6 Electric motor Open side doors, blow dust, check air

gap

Monthly

7 Motor winding Blow off dust, test insulation Bi- Yearly

8 All hand carts,

wheel barrows

Grease wheels Monthly

Change rubber tyres Six-monthly if required

9 Gear box Oil level Check every week,

replenish tri-monthly

10 Scraper shoe Tighten nut bolts, change broken-bent

members, change leather-rubber shoes

Tri-monthly

11 Central turn table See oil level Weekly

Check chain of sprocket, steel balls, gear Yearly

12 Aerator See oil and grease Weekly

Painting-coating blades Yearly

(*) As applicable to the unit

6.3.4 Flow Measurement

Water required for distillery process, boiler, cooling, cleaning and domestic purpose needs to

be measured by installing flow meter at source. Quantity of spentwash, minor or moderately

polluted effluents generated also need to be measured with the help of V-notch or digital flow

meter.

Table 6.4: Format for Water Consumption Reporting Schedule

# Particulars m3/hr m3/D m3/A

1. Dilution of Molasses

2. Distillation process

3. Cooling tower (CT) make-up for distillery

4. Boiler make-up

5. Floor washings sterilize

6. Sanitary Requirement

7. Domestic Use

Total

8. Water consumption per KL of alcohol production

9. Power consumption for water lifting, KWH

10. Expenses for Electricity (Rs.) Water Bills (Rs.)

11. Expenses on water per liter of alcohol




Table 6.5: Format for Pollutant Generation Reporting Schedule

# Particulars Today (m3) To date (m3)

A. Liquid Waste

1. Spentwash generation

2. Spent lees generation

3. Process condensate

4. Any other

B. Solid Waste

5. Fermentation sludge

6. Sludge from CPU

7. Ash

8. Any other

C. Hazardous Waste

9. Hazardous waste from process

10. Hazardous waste from ETP

11. Any other

Table 6.6: Format for Pollutant Disposal Reporting Schedule

# Particulars Disposal method Today (m3) To date (m3)

A. Liquid Waste

1. Spentwash generation

2. Spent lees generation

3. Process condensate

4. Any other

B. Solid Waste

5. Fermentation sludge

6. Sludge from CPU

7. Ash

8. Any other

C. Hazardous Waste

9. Hazardous waste from process

10. Hazardous waste from ETP

11. Any other




6.4 BUDGET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Budget for environmental monitoring is given table 6.7 along with whole environmental

management plan capital and recurring costs.

Table 6.7: Budget for environmental management

Particulars Capital cost Recurring cost

Maintenance Monitoring

1. SMEE 845.00 42.25

2. Incineration boiler with

electrostatic precipitator and

dump condenser

3060.00 153.00

3. Fuel handling system 70.00 3.50

4. Ash handling system 90.00 4.50

5. Stack 90.00 4.50

6. Spentwash storage lagoon 100.00 5.00

7. Condensate polishing unit 395.00 19.75

8. RCC storage tank for process

condensate and spent lees

25.00 1.25

9. Coal & bagasse yard 50.00 2.50

10. Environmental monitoring

and management

80.00 4.00 15.00

11. Greenbelt development 50.00 2.50

12. Rainwater harvesting 50.00 2.50

Total 4905.00 245.25 15.00

Chapter 7: Additional Studies



7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES (SAFETY, RISK & DISASTER MANAGEMENT)

7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

Public consultation is an essential part of Environmental Impact Assessment and it is mandatory.

The public hearing for the project held on July 08, 2021 at the project site, Dist. Sangli,

Maharashtra. The minutes are as follows.































7.1.1 Written supporting letters recived through Grampanchayat at the time of public

hearing










7.1.2 Marathi to English translation of supporting letter received from nerby Grampanchayat




7.1.3 Point-wise reply by The Management of the sugar factory to the queries/suggestions

of Public hearing

Question/Suggestion Reply (During hearing) Assurance Q1. Shri. Vinod Rajaram Babar, r/o. Sakharale:- Will this project reduce or increase employment generation?

The General Manager of the project proponent answers that there will be job opportunities after the expansion of the project. He informed that as shown in the presentation, 50 persons can get job opportunities in the expanded project.

As a policy, the management of the sugar mill has always preferred local candidates for employment. It will continue its policy for proposed 50 direct employment opportunities. Apart from this direct employment, transportation of material will also generate sizable number of indirect employment.

Q2. Shri. Avinash Adhikrao Patil r/o. Sakharale:- How will this project benefits the local people

The General Manager of the project proponent answers that due to the expansion of the project, the local people will get many benefits. The sale of Ethanol will help to give additional rates for the sugarcane crops to local farmers. There will be a requirement of extra tankers for carrying Ethanol, it will be taken from the local transporters only. Hence there will be an increase in local business activities. These are the benefits of the project.

The management hereby assures locals particularly farmers that the proposed unit will help the Management to give fair price to sugar cane crop. Thus, large segment of society will be benefitted. There will be 50 skilled and unskilled employment from the proposed project. The management of the factory has always preferred local candidates. It will continue following the same policy. Apart from this direct employment, transportation of material will also generate sizable number of indirect employment. In addition, staff and workers of the sugar factory and locals in general also be benefitted by the project.

Q3. Shri. Sadguru Balasaheb Chaughule r/o. Sakharale:- Due to the expansion of the project, how much air pollution will cause and what will be the ill-effects of air pollution on the people,

The project environment consultant informed that as shown in the presentation, two different types of boilers will be installed and operated in the project. The main source of the air pollution in the plant is the

The management has decided to install standalone multi effect spent wash evaporation plant followed by incineration when C and B hevay molasses are used as raw material. The highly concentrated spent wash will be disposed through incineration unit




who are residing in the vicinity?

incineration boiler. The ESP (Electro Static Precipitator) will be installed to it to arrest the dust particles. The ESP is the most advanced device which gives 99% efficiency. Hence the air pollution will be minimized. Also, while using sugarcane juice, there will not be burning of coal in the plant. The bagasse which is produced from the sugar factory will be used. The wet scrubber will be commissioned for control of air pollution. It also gives more the 97% efficiency. Hence, there may be very little threat of pollution.

to achieve “Zero Spent Wash Discharge” as per CPCB norms. The Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) will be installed as air pollution control equipment (APCE), to control fly ash emissions. It has 99% efficiency. When sugarcane is used as raw material, the factory will used bagasse and biogas as a fuel for boiler instead of coal. This boiler is attached to 32 m stack. The wet scrubber will be used for this stack to control air emission. The incrimental ground level concentration load of particulate matter after expansion will increased by 2.32 µg/m3. Estimated incremental concentrations of PM and SO2 in the downwind direction of the site are minor, considering the baseline value. Therefore, it is anticipated that, the increase in the concentration of these air pollutants due to the proposed activity, likely to cause minor negative impact on air environment and practically no impact on surrounding ecology.

Q4. Shri. Rajendra Patil r/o. Sakharale:- How the wastewater produced in the project will be disposed off?

There will be the generation of two types of wastewater. One is spentwash. When the spent wash will be produced after the ethanol, it will be steamed/vaporized. The water will be created due to steam will be recycled and reused in the production activities. The remaining spent wash will be converted to achieve 60% solids, which

The management has planned to achieve Zero liquid discharge’ for the proposed project. ZLD scheme was already explained earlier. According to the same, spent wash -which is a main pollutant of molasses based distillery- disposed by adopting MEE followed by incineration for C & B heavy molasses route and Biomethanation followed by MEE




will be burned in the incineration boiler. When the sugarcane juice will be used, the spent wash which will be produced will be converted into steam/vapor. The water will be removed through it and spent wash will be converted into powder form. The system of biogas will be installed and operated. Due to the production of renewable energy, the bagasse will be saved. The potassium quantity in the powder form of spent wash is higher. Hence, most of the fertilizer-producing factories do purchase it as their raw material.

followed by agitated thin film dryer (ATFD) as a final treatment option. Wastewater streams such as spentlees, process condensate, other washing water, blow down etc. will be treated in CPU. Treated water will be reused for molasses dilution, cooling tower makeup and watering greenbelt plants. So, there will not be any discharge of wastewater outside the industrial premises. The management assures for prompt implementation of ZLD scheme explained in the EIA report.

Q5. Shri. Sachin Patil r/o. Islampur:- How much cost will be incurred for this project and what is the planning of factory management for getting the funds?

The Managing Director of the project proponent answered that total cost of the project will be 104.24 crores. 90% of financial provisions will be made from Financial Institutes and 10% self-contribution. Rupees 65 crores have been sanctioned by District Central Bank, Sangli. For the remaining amount, a loan application is submitted to the State Bank of India. The proposal is in process of sanction. The 10% self-share is available with the karkhana.

The total cost of the project will be approx. Rs. 104.24 crores

Q6. Shri Sarjerao Deshmukh, r/o. Parner Borgaon:- We are thankful to District Collector Sangli;

The suggestion is noted. The management hereby assures to share project benefits with shareholder farmers, particularly monetary benefits. Local cane




MPCB and factory management for arranging this public hearing before the expansion of the project. We congratulate the Chairman of the Rajarambapu Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. considering the present rate of sugarcane, agriculture cultivation is not at all affordable. Hence, due to this project, the local farmers will get additional income. The project proponent is carrying all the social welfare schemes for the last 50 years and the interest of the Members and farmers is always protected. Hence, with the expansion of the project, the sons of the farmers residing in the vicinity of the project be given job opportunities in the plant. I am giving this suggestion. The project should be started at the earliest.

growers, staff and workers of the factory and locals in general also be additional beneficiary of the project. Due to the proposed project, the management will able to give higher can e price. The Management also thank Mr. Deshmukh for his support to the proposed project.

Q7. Shri Baburao Patil r/o. Sakharale:- The cultivation of agriculture is the main business in the area. Afterward, cultivation of sugarcane crops and manufacture of sugar industries were established here. Then only, living standards and

The suggestion is noted. The management hereby assures to share project benefits with shareholder farmers, particularly monetary benefits. Local cane growers, staff and workers of the factory . The Management also thank Mr. Bapurao Patil for his support to the proposed project.




economic status have been raised. We always demand to the Board of Directors that our sugarcane crop should get a rate based on the product. But considering the present situation, this is not possible. Hence planning the expansion of the distillery unit is a good decision. This project is Zero Liquid Discharged (ZLD) and hence there will not be any position. The spent wash will be burnt in the factory only. Hence, we agriculturists support the project. Q8. Shri. Pradip Chavan r/o. Nave Khed:- The presentation made by Vasantdada Sugar Institute shows that the expansion of the project is in the interest of the agriculturist. Due to the expansion of the project, 50 persons will get job opportunities. Also due to production of Ethanol and 20% use of it in the petrol as per directives of Central Government, the additional income will be beneficial for giving additional rate to the farmers for sugarcane crop. This factory has undertaken in hand various social welfare

The suggestion is noted. The management hereby assures to share project benefits with shareholder farmers, particularly monetary benefits. Local cane growers, staff and workers of the factory and locals in general also be additional beneficiary of the project. Due to the proposed project, the management will able to give higher cane price. The Management also thank Mr. Pradip Chavan for his support to the proposed project.




development projects for the last 50 years. The sugar factory has an important share in the development of Walwa Taluka. I inform you that we have no objection to this project. Q9. Shri. Ravindra Andhale, Member, Environment Public Hearing Committee:- In the project MEE (Multy-Effective Evaporator) is commissioned and also spray dryer. Where both have the same purpose, then what is the reason for these two things?

The project consultant informed that three types of raw materials will be used in the project. C Heavy molasses, B heavy molasses, and sugarcane juice. When C heavy and B heavy molasses will be used, the spent wash from it contains the solids more than 10-12%. So, after evaporation, we are going to send it to incineration. The spent wash produced from the sugarcane juice, it will be of 3 liters per liter Ethanol. The contents of solids will be 5-6%. For converting it up to 60% of the power which will require, there is a bio-methanation plant. Hence, the purpose is to use infra-structure facilities that are available in the plant, the potash in the powder form of the spent wash will be used for the manufacturer of manure.

MEE will be based on principles of falling film or forced circulation or combination of both. An evaporator consists of either plate type or shell and tube type heat exchanger. The liquid feed is passed through the heat exchanger and indirectly heated with the help of steam. This operation is either done at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum. Evaporation under vacuum is most energy efficient and also ensures that the product does not get over heated. When sugar cyrup will be used as raw material, spent wash will be sent to integrated evaporation unit followed by biomethanation unit for primary treatment. The biomethanated spentwash will then be sent to standalone MEE for concentration. Concentrated biomethanated spentwash will be sent to Agitated Thin Film Dryer where it will be converted to powder form. This powder will be sold to farmers for use as potash fertilizer.

Q 10. Shri. Navnath Awatade, Convener, Environment Public Hearing Committee:- As asked by Member Environment Public Hearing, which will be kept

When the B & C route will be used, at this time one root will go to incineration. When the sugarcane juice will be used then, evaporation, afterward biogas and then

A part of the spentwash will be directly introduced to integrated evaporation unit followed by standalone multi effect evaporator to reduce the quantity of spent wash by recovering the condensate water. When B & C heavy molasses




in operation? Whether incineration boiler or dryer? You have provided a separate evaporation unit for B & C molasses. You mentioned that while using sugarcane juice, you have provided evaporation followed by the dryer. Whether all these units will be installed or whether you have any other plan?

evaporation, then it will be converted into powder. The two routes will be used for ZLD as per the raw materials. However, the main purpose of both processes is zero liquid discharge. There will not be any type of water generation outside the project.

will be used as raw material, spentwash will send to MEE. This concentratd spent wash having 60% total solids will be fired in an incineration boiler. The steam generated by the incineration boiler and power generated in the turbine will be used for distillery plant, SMEE and incineration boiler. Thus, the “Zero Liquid Discharge” will be achieved. When sugar cyrup will be used as raw material, spent wash will be sent to integrated evaporation unit followed by biomethanation unit for primary treatment. The biomethanated spentwash will then be sent to standalone MEE for concentration. Concentrated biomethanated spentwash will be sent to Agitated Thin Film Dryer where it will be converted to powder form. This powder will be sold to farmers for use as potash fertilizer.

7.2 RISK ASSESSMENT AND HAZARD MANAGEMENT

Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of the various hazards (unsafe

condition) that exist in the plant. On the other hand, risk analysis deals with the identification and

quantification of the risk, the plant equipment and Personnel are exposed to, due to accidents

resulting from the hazards present in the plant.

Risk analysis involves the identification and assessment of risks to the population exposed to

hazards present. This requires an assessment of failure probability, credible accident scenario,

vulnerability of population etc. Much of this information is difficult to get or generate

consequently, the risk analysis in present case is confined to maximum credible accident studies

and safety and risk aspect related to molasses based Distillery. Activities requiring assessment of

risk due to occurrence of most probable instances of hazard and accident are both onsite and off-

site. The various hazard analysis techniques that may be applied are Hazard and Operability




(HAZOP) studies, Fault – Tree Analysis (FTA), event –tree analysis and failure and effects mode

analysis.

7.2.1 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment (HIRA)

The purpose of a Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) is to understand what are the

risks or threats to public safety, property or the environment. HIRA includes

Identification of hazards

Analyze or evaluate the risk associated with the hazards

Determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the hazards

Evaluate the likelihood of an injury or illness occurring, and its severity

Review of all available health and safety information about the hazard including MSDS,

manufacturer’s literature, information from organizations and results of testing

Identify actions necessary to eliminate or control the risk

Monitoring to confirm the risk is controlled

Keep any documentation or records that may be necessary. Documentation may include

detailing the process used to assess the risk, outlining any evaluations, or detailing how

conclusions were made.

Figure 7.1: Hazard

Identification &

Risk Assessment (HIRA) process

A list of hazardous areas in a molasses-based distillery is given in table 7.1 below

Hazard Identification

Risk Assessment

Risk Analysis

Monitor & Review




Table 7.1: Hazardous areas in a molasses-based distillery unit.

# Area Severity Hazard

1 Boiler Major Explosion, Noise, Heat

2 Switchyard Major Short-circuits,

3 Turbine room Major Explosion, Noise, Heat

4 Electrical room Major Fire and electrocution

5 Bagasse/Coal storage yard Major Fire

6 Alcohol storage tank Major Fire

7 Molasses storage tank Major Explosion, Heavy leakage,

Accidental release

7.2.2 Assessment of Risk along with mitigation measures

Qualitative risk assessment based on categorization of both probability and impact provides

greater insight into the absolute risk severity. The risk impact assessment investigates the

potential effect on a project objective such as schedule, cost, quality, or performance, including

both negative effects for threats and positive effects for opportunities.

Mitigation measures or operational control procedures required for such hazards identified is

given in Table 7.2.

Table 7.2: Risk Assessment table along with mitigation measures

# Activity Associated

hazards

Associated risk/

health impact

Risk

rating

Mitigation Measures

1. Storage &

handling of

raw

material &

chemicals

Bursting of

storage

tanks

Exposure, physical

injuries

H Use of PPEs.

Inspection & regular monitoring

Training to workers for proper

handling

Proper system for loading

operation to prevent any

spillage.

Spill kit for Acid and other

chemicals




2. Working

near

Distillation

column

Heat & Fire Physical injuries and

burning

H Firefighting facility

Provision of pressure indicators

in the vessels.

Use of PPEs.

Inspection & regular monitoring

Training to workers for proper

handling

3. Fuel yard Heat & Fire Physical injuries

and burning

H Storage should be away from

ignition source

Firefighting facility shall be

provided

PPEs should be provided

First aid box

4. APCD

failure

Release of

PM in

ambient air

Air pollution M Regular monitoring & inspection

shall be done.

The plant shall immediately shut

down on APCD failure

5. Working

at height

Slip, trips &

falls of

operators

Physical injuries H Individual alertness of the

workers.

First aid boxes shall be provided

6. Storage

of Alcohol

Exposure,

inhalation,

ingestion &

Fire

Exposure to over

100 ppm may cause

headache,

drowsiness, etc.

Ingestion may lead

to depression of

CNS, nausea, etc.

Burn injuries

H Well ventilation

Keeping away from heat sparks

& open flame.

PPEs.

Firefighting measures shall be

readily available.

7. Release of

high

Explosion Risk of severe injury,

damage to

H Regular maintenance &

inspection of parts.




pressure

steam from

boiler

equipment Proper training to the individuals

PPEs

First aid kit

8. Electrical

maintenan

ce work

Electric

shock, short

circuits in

power room

Electrical shocks,

Injury or burn

H Regular checking and

maintenance of electrical units

PPEs

Provision of First aid box

9. Working

near Boiler,

D.G. sets

High noise Noise induced

hearing losses

M Provision of PPEs to the workers.

Note: H- High; M- Moderate

RBPSSKL has taken measures for mitigation of fire hazard very seriously. A firefighting vehicle

is available in the unit around the clock (figure 7.2). In addition, there is a good firefightimg

system and fireextinguishers are provided at varioys points. A list of fire estingusihers available

in existing distillery unit is given in table 7.3. Mock drills and safety training is also conducted

regularly (figure 7.3) Firefighting layout of existing distillery is given in figure 7.4.

Table 7.3: List of Fire Extinguisher in distillery unit

Sr.no. Type Capacity Quntity

1 Water CO2 9Ltr 10

2 Foam 9 Ltr 05

3 Foam 50 Ltr 06

4 Abc 6 Kg 12

5 Dcp 5 Kg 38

6 Dcp 10 Kg 05

7 Dcp 50 Kg 01

8 CO2 2 Kg 01

9 CO2 4.5 Kg 08

10 CO2 6.5 Kg 01

11 CO2 6.8 Kg 01

Total 88




Figure 7.2: Firefighting Vehicle (24 x 7) & existing firefighting system at bagasse yard

Figure 7.3:

Mock drill & safety training program

Figure 7.4: Firefighting layout of existing distillery unit




Table 7.4: Hazard Warning Information for Ethyl Alcohol

HEALTH INFORMATION

Inhalation Exposure to over 1000 ppm may cause headache, drowsiness and lassitude,

loss of appetite, and inability to concentrate. Irritation of the throat

Ingestion Can cause depression of central nervous system, nausea, vomiting, and

diarrhea

Eye Contact Liquid or vapor may cause irritation

Skin Contact May cause irritation and defatting of skin on prolonged contact

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS

PEL (OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit): Mixture 1000 ppm

TLV (ACGIH Threshold Limit Value): Mixture 1000 ppm

EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURE

For

Overexposure By

Swallowing

If victim is conscious and able to swallow, have victim drink water or milk to

dilute. Never give anything by mouth if victim is unconscious or having

convulsions. Call a Physician Or Chem-Trec (Poison Control) Immediately.

Induce vomiting only if advised by physician (Poison Control)

Inhalation Immediately remove victim to fresh air. If victim has stopped breathing, give

artificial respiration, preferably mouth-to-mouth. Get Medical Attention

Immediately

Contact With

Eyes Or Skin

Immediately flush affected area with plenty of cool water. Eyes should be

flushed for at least 15 minutes. Remove and wash contaminated clothing

before reuse. Get Medical Attention Immediately

FIRE AND EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS

Flammable Limits In Air, % By Volume LOWER: 3.3 UPPER: 19

NFPA (National Fire Protection

Association) Rating

HEALTH (0) FIRE (3) REACTIVITY (0)

Fire Fighting

Procedures

(Note: Individuals should perform only those fire-fighting procedures

for which they have been trained) Use dry chemical, “alcohol” foam, or

carbon dioxide; water may be ineffective, but water should be used to keep

fire-exposed containers cool. If a leak or spill has not ignited, use water spray

to disperse the vapors and to protect men attempting to stop a leak. Water




spray may be used to flush spills away from exposures and to dilute spills to

nonflammable mixtures.

EMPLOYEE PROTECTION

Control

Measures

Handle in the presence of adequate ventilation.

Respiratory

Protection

Where exposure is likely to exceed acceptable criteria, use NIOSH/MSHA

approved respiratory protection equipment. Respirators should be selected

based on the form and concentration of contaminant in air and in accordance

with OSHA (29 CFR 1910.134)

Protective

Clothing

Wear gloves and protective clothing, which are impervious to the product for

the duration of the anticipated exposure if there is potential for prolonged or

repeated skin contact

Eye Protection Wear safety glasses meeting the specifications of ANSI Standard Z87.1 where

no contact with the eye is anticipated. Chemical safety goggles meeting the

specifications of ANSI Standard Z87.1 should be worn whenever there is the

possibility of splashing or other contact with the eyes.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Environmental

Precautions

Avoid uncontrolled releases of this material

Where spills are possible, a comprehensive spill response plan should be

developed and implemented

Spill Or Leak

Procedures

Wear appropriate respiratory protection and protective clothing as described

in Section IX. Contain spilled material. Transfer to secure containers. Where

necessary, collect using absorbent media. In the event of an uncontrolled

release of this material, the user should determine if the release is reportable

under applicable laws and regulations

Waste Disposal All recovered material should be packaged, labeled, transported, and

disposed off, or reclaimed in conformance with applicable laws and

regulations and in conformance with good engineering practices

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Precautions




Keep locked up. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment

containing material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear suitable

protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If

ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with

skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis, and moisture.

Storage

Store in a segregated and approved area. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep

container tightly closed and sealed until ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark

or flame). Do not store above 23°C (73.4°F).

The PESO guidelines for storage of fuel ethanol are to be followed.

7.2.3 Threat Zone Mapping:

SITE DATA:

Location: SANGLI, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

Building Air Exchanges Per Hour: 0.48 (sheltered single storied)

CHEMICAL DATA:

Chemical Name: ETHANOL

CAS Number: 64-17-5; Molecular Weight: 46.07 g/mol

ERPG-1: 1800 ppm ERPG-2: 3300 ppm ERPG-3: N/A

IDLH: 3300 ppm LEL: 33000 ppm UEL: 190000 ppm

Ambient Boiling Point: 76.3° C

Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.12 atm

Ambient Saturation Concentration: 132,840 ppm or 13.3%

ATMOSPHERIC DATA: (MANUAL INPUT OF DATA)

Wind: 2.14 meters/second from SE at 3 meters

Ground Roughness: urban or forest; Cloud Cover: 5 tenths

Air Temperature: 33° C; Stability Class: C

No Inversion Height; Relative Humidity: 50%

A. Type of Failure 1: Leaking tank, chemical is not burning and forms an evaporating puddle

SOURCE STRENGTH:

Leak from short pipe or valve in vertical cylindrical tank




Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning)

Tank Diameter: 8 meters; Tank Length: 12 meters

Tank Volume: 603 cubic meters

Tank contains liquid; Internal Temperature: 33° C

Chemical Mass in Tank: 375,779 kilograms

Tank is 80% full

Ground Type: Concrete

Ground Temperature: equal to ambient

Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown

Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour

Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 24.6 kilograms/min (averaged over a minute or

more)

Total Amount Released: 957 kilograms

Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed an evaporating puddle. The puddle spread to

a diameter of 27meters.

A1. Threat Modelled: Toxic Area of Vapour Cloud

THREAT ZONE:

Model Run: Gaussian

Red : No recommended LOC value --- (N/A = ERPG-3)

Orange: 13 meters --- (3300 ppm = ERPG-2)

Yellow: 13 meters --- (1800 ppm = ERPG-1)

Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion

predictions less reliable for short distances.

A2. Threat Modelled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud

THREAT ZONE:

Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud

Model Run: Gaussian

Red : 13 meters --- (19800 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)

Yellow: 14 meters --- (3300 ppm = 10% LEL)

Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion

predictions less reliable for short distances.




B. Type of Failure 2: Leaking tank, chemical is burning and forms a pool fire

SOURCE STRENGTH:

Leak from short pipe or valve in vertical cylindrical tank

Flammable chemical is burning as it escapes from tank

Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown

Max Flame Length: 7 meters

Burn Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour

Max Burn Rate: 52.4 kilograms/min

Total Amount Burned: 3,032 kilograms

Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed a burning puddle. The puddle spread to a

diameter of 6.3 meters.

THREAT ZONE:

Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire

Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards)---(10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)

Orange: 12 meters --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec)

Yellow: 18 meters --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)

Figure 7.5: Thermal radiation threat zone mapping of RBPSSKL




Table 7.5. Summary of Threat Zone mapping

Type of Tank Failure Threat Modelled Damage Distance

(Red)

Damage distance

ETHANOL

Leaking tank,

chemical is not

burning and forms an

evaporating puddle

Toxic area of vapour

cloud

No recommended

LOC value

N/A = ERPG-3

Flammable Area of

Vapour Cloud

13 meter 19800 ppm = 60% LEL

= Flame Pockets

Leaking tank,

chemical is burning

and forms a pool fire

Thermal radiation

from pool fire

Less than 10 meters 10.0 kW/(sq.m) =

potentially lethal

within 60 sec

7.2.4 Petroleum & Explosive Safety Organization (PESO) guidelines for storage of de-

natured spirit having ethanol content 99.5% and above.

The storage tank and loading / unloading facility is required to qualify for License requirements

to sore Ethanol, as per The Petroleum Act/The Petroleum Rules.

Storage and loading/unloading facility is required as per the following points

1) De-natured spirit having ethanol content 99.5% and above is covered under the Acts and

Rules administered by PESO

2) License is required for its storage and its loading / unloading facility from PESO under The

Petroleum Act/ The Petroleum Rule

Tank height should not be more than 1.5 times of its diameter

Aboveground tank construction as per BIS:803

The following distances (Table 7.6) to be observed around facility in an installation where

Total quantity of petroleum class A stored aboveground in bulk

I) does not exceed 5000 KL or where the diameter of any such tank for storage of

petroleum does not exceed 9 meters.

II) exceeds 5000KL or where the diameter of any such tank for storage of petroleum

exceeds 9 meters.




Table 7.6: Distances to be observed around facility in an installation of petroleum class A

To from

Storage tank for

petroleum class

A (Where

alternative

distances are

specified,

minimum

thereof may be

observed

Tank

vehicle

loading/

unloading

area for

petroleum

class A

Flame

proof

electric

pump

Office

building,

workshops,

stores

amenities,

fire station,

etc. within

installation

Boundary

fencing

around

installation

I II I II I II I II I II

Storage tank for

petroleum class A 0.5 D

or 6m

0.5 D or

d or

15m

15m 15m 3m 8m 15m 15m 15m 20m

Tank vehicle

loading unloading

are for petroleum

class A

15m 15m X X 3m 8m 9m 15m 9m 15m

Flameproof electric

pump 3m 8m 3m 8m X X X 8m X 3m

Office building,

workshops, stores

amenities, fire

station, etc. within

installation

15m 15m 9m 15m X 8m X X X X

Boundary fencing

around installation 15m 20m 9m 15m X 3m X X X X

‘D’ means diameter of large tank. ‘d’ means diameter of small tank.

‘X’ means any distance suitable for constructional or operational convenience

Following documents are required to take prior approval to store petroleum class A in the

storage tank:

Fabrication drawing of the storage tank as per IS:803-1976

III) Documents are required to grant of the license (construction to be as per approved drawing)




IV) Other points:

Storage tank and associated area will be protected by fire hydrant system, fixed water spray

system (MVWA) and fixed foam system and Dyke wall.

The licensed premises shall not without permission in writing from the chief controller, be

used for any purpose other than the storage and distribution of petroleum and purpose

directly connected therewith.

The petroleum shall be kept only in the storage tanks and storage filling sheds or other

approved places within the installation specified for the purpose on the plan attached hereto.

Petroleum class A or petroleum class B is stored in the enclosure or petroleum class C is

stored along with petroleum class A or Class B, the capacity of the enclosure shall be hundred

percent of capacity of the largest tank in the enclosure after deducting the volume up to the

height of the enclosure wall, of all other tanks in the same enclosure.

Where petroleum class C is only stored in the enclosure the height of the enclosure wall shall

be not less than one meter.

Storage or filling sheds for container shall be constructed of suitable inflammable material.

Every enclosed shed for the storage or filling of petroleum class A and class B otherwise than

in bulk shall be adequately ventilated near the ground level immediately above the walls

constructed to prevent leakages of petroleum and also near or in the roof.

7.3 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS & EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN (ON-SITE)

Disaster Management is defined as ‘it is an action taken to prevent any hazard converting into

disaster’. A major disaster at the workplace is one which has the potential to cause serious injury

or loss of life. It may cause extensive damage to property and serious disruption at both, inside

and outside the workplace. Normally, the assistance of outside emergency services is required to

handle the disaster situation effectively. Whatever is the causative factor like plan failure, human

error, earthquake, lightning, vehicle crash sabotage, etc. they will normally manifest in three basic

forms viz. fire, explosion and/or toxic release.

7.3.1 Scope

Disaster: A serious disruption of the functioning of a society, causing widespread human, material

or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community to cope up by using

its own resources.




Hazard: Hazard is an event or occurrence that has the potential for causing injury or loss of life

or damage to property or the environment.

Following factors are considered to identify Hazard -

Physiology of the Hazard or and its peculiar characteristics

Impact & probability of occurrence

The elements by affecting, Life / Property or environment, likely to get affected

Figure 7.6: Disaster management cycle

High power committee on Disaster Management, Government of India has identified 32 types of

hazards in India depending on the area, probable damage, repentance of occurrence and impact

on Life, Property, and environment, etc.

The geographic region of the proposed project may face probable hazards such as earthquake,

drought, thunderstorms, accidents and environmental hazard such as pollution, etc. So

considering these probabilities, this disaster management plan is being recommended.

7.3.2 Organization Chart for Dealing Emergencies

Figure 7.7: Emergency Preparedness and Response Team Structure

External Communication

Chief Incident Controller Managing Director

Site Incident Controller

Safety Officer

First-Aid Team Fire &

Security/Transport

Security Officer/Security Supervisors First Informer

Safety & Engineering Team

Works Manager

Liaison Team Manager Personnel




7.3.2.1 Designated person functions

In addition to the specific responsibilities, assigned to various team members, mentioned earlier

following are the general functions to be performed by the designated persons-

a. To communicate & report the clear position of a disaster to key persons of the industry

b. To communicate & co-operate with other departments on aspects like security, safety

of victims, etc.

c. To minimize the extent of disaster by taking all possible measures which are in control

d. To minimize the exposure of disaster to human beings

e. To save property and valuable things as far as possible

7.3.3 Shutdowns in emergency

In the distillery unit, the probability of fire hazard is presumed to be maximum. The following

steps may be followed in such cases. Put off the main supply.

Boiler section

Shut down the boiler section and control the steam supply/movements.

Control room

The security office shall function as a control room as the same is ideally situated nearer to the

main gate and away from the plant. Thus, there shall be no risk in regards to the fire affecting the

security office. However, if there should be a situation where / when the entire premises has to

be declared as an emergency, the control room will operate from the premises, which is outside

the main gate.

Since the entire plant is provided with good quality electrical fittings, there should be no anxiety

as regards to switching on or off the motors and no sparks will occur. However, the declarer/

controller of emergency shall decide, depending on the situation, whether to use generator power

or MSEB Power.

In case the entire lighting has to be switched off to meet such an eventuality, a stand by generators

need to be provided near the control office and the floodlights shall be used to tackle the situation

during the night time.

7.3.4 Personnel evacuation




When a major accident occurs and if there are cases of workmen or supervisory personnel fainting

or losing consciousness or similar symptoms, it is the responsibility of safety & engineering team

to evacuate them and to take them to the nearest dispensary after providing necessary first aid.

There are well-planned roads in and around the factory premises. Evacuation team should choose

the safest and shortest route to come out from the factory. The selected route should be kept

clear by fire and security team at all the times during emergency situation.

7.3.5 Personnel accounting

It shall be the responsibility or the site incident controller to immediately take headcounts of the

personnel on duty and cross-check the personnel who probably entrapped in a disaster area. This

team shall coordinate with other teams to ensure that all the personnel is accounted for. It is also

essential for fire & security team to counter check the security if any visitor or transport workers

have entered the plant and if so they should also be accounted for.

7.3.6 Controlling disaster

The shift in-charge/safety officer will be ‘Work Incident Controller’ and shall act accordingly at the

site of the disaster.

7.3.7 Safety gears and tools

It is a responsibility of ‘Work Incidence Controller’ to ensure that a separate set of safety gear and

tools are available on site. It should be easily accessible in the workshop/at the workplace. These

shall be used only when an emergency is declared in the factory/unit.

7.3.8 Medical treatment arrangements

Most of the workers are trained in first aid and firefighting procedures. The office team shall co-

ordinate with these workers, trained in the first aid, and shall get them ready with necessary first

aid material so that the injured workers are attended for first aid immediately and then shifted to

the nearest dispensary or treated in the factory dispensary as the case may be.

7.3.9 Training and Rehearsals

It is essential for all the teams to act in uniform and with patience. They are required to be trained

to obviate any confusion that might arise due to an emergency. It is the responsibility of the

declarer/controller of emergency that the team member is trained in the respective areas at least

once in a six month. Training is required for following.




For workers, on probable/potential activities that may lead to an accident in the section

and thereby to prevent and control the spread of such accidental hazard

The worker should be trained to identify the location of Fire Extinguishers, Fire Buckets,

Water Points, etc.

The worker should be trained with respect to nature and utility of Fire Fighting Equipment,

its type and class of fire for which it is to be used

Workers should be trained in using the PPE such as safety helmets, hand gloves, nose

mask, goggles, etc.

Government Fire Force usually provides training for firefighting and the Red Cross Organization

is well known for first aid training.

7.3.10 Law and order

The declarer/controller of emergency shall immediately inform Police to ensure that law and order

situation remains under control. Other statutory bodies shall also be informed. In the case of

casualties, the information should be sent to the nearest relatives of the affected people. If

information is to be given to the public or press, the public relation manager of the industry is

authorized to do the same.

7.3.11 All clear signal

Once the disaster is controlled and the normalcy is restored completely and when the

declarer/controller of disaster is of the opinion that there is no further hazard involved and the

work can go on normally, he shall then give the all-clear signal.

All the workers in the plant shall be trained to use/understand the emergency declaration signal

as well as an all-clear signal.

7.3.12 Equipment and facilities in emergency

An emergency cupboard shall be made available in the plant area. This cupboard should contain

a certain number of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), for use in case of disaster. These items

kept in the cupboard should be used only during an emergency and not under normal working

conditions.

A printed or typed the list of items available in the cupboard should be displayed on the front of

the cupboard. The key of emergency cupboard should be available with the Shift In-charge.




Table 7.7: Safety gear for emergency cupboard

Item Quantity Item Quantity

Airline mask set 2 sets Electrical rubber gloves 2 pairs

Safety belt 2 set Safety torch 4 pieces

PVC gloves 2 pairs Safety goggle 10 pieces

Leather gloves 2 pairs Face- shield 10 pieces

Flextra or asbestos gloves 4 pairs Ear-muff 4 pairs

PVC Suit 2 set Flexure or asbestos blanket 5 set

Resuscitator 1 set Manila Rope 100 meter long bundle 2 pieces

Nose mask ( dust & gas) 15 pieces Safety helmet 25 pieces

First Aid Box 2 set Safety Nets 2 set

Safety Shoes 10 pairs Boiler Suit 2 set

Self-containing breathing

apparatus

2 set Walkie-Talkie 5 pieces

These items should be examined once in a month by safety officer to ensure that all the items are

available and they are in good condition, Items, defective must be replaced immediately.

7.3.12.1 Emergency medical supplies

First Aid Boxes need to be provided at appropriate and easily accessible locations in each of the

unit. The first aid box would contain burn relief sprays and ointments, bandages, antiseptic as well

as pain relief medicine except schedule D drug.

7.4 OFF-SITE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN

Since the only hazard that expected in the distillery is fire and normally contained within the

premises. Hence, no specific off-site emergency plan is required in this case. However, in a rare

case if the fire hazard spreads outside the premises Liaison Team along with Distillery in

charge/Safety officer and Occupier shall communicate to the District Collector, Commissioner of

the Police, Control Room and inform the situation as off-Site Emergency. Similarly, in case of

accidental release of molasses, spent wash/effluent, or RS/ENA/AA outside the premises of

distillery, it should be immediately reported to the above-mentioned authorities. It shall be the




responsibility of the Police Personnel to look after the law and order, traffic control, evacuation of

workers and other personnel. They should also advise, through the public address system, the

localities that are likely to get affected and the steps to be taken

7.4.1 Information to local authorities

It shall be the responsibility of declarer/controller of emergency to inform the local panchayat

official regarding the likely hazards from the industry and the steps to be taken when there is an

off-site emergency. It is preferable that the local panchayat officials are also trained, on simple

protective methods, through demonstrations.

7.5 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

It has been carried out and is described in detail in chapter IV of the EIA report.

7.5.1 Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) Plan

Proposed expansion of distillery will take place within its existing premises. The required land is

owned by project proponent and the project doesn’t require any additional land (outside its

premises). Presently the land is open and there are no settlements on the same. Hence, there is

no resettlement and rehabilitation (R&R) scheme required for this project.




RED PAGE

EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBER

DESCRIPTION CONTACT NUMBER

FIRE STATION

Emergency Control Room

Nearest Fire Station

POLICE

Emergency Control Room

Nearest Police Station

HOSPITAL

Civil Hospital

Private/ General Hospital

Ambulance

EMENRGENCY CORDINATORS

Chief Incident Controller (Managing Director)

Site Incident Controller (Safety Officer)

Safety & Engineering Team (Works Manager)

First-Aid Team

Fire & Security/Transport (Security

Officer/Security Supervisors)

DISTRICT DISASTER CONTROL ROOM

District Collector & District Magistrate

Tahsildar

Factory Inspector of the area

Chapter 8: Project Benefits



8. PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 PROJECT BENEFITS: FOR THE PROJECT PROPONENT

Sensible utilization of available resources such as land, boiler (steam), bagasse,

molasses and human resources

Cheap labour pool, since employment in rural area is agro-based and seasonal

The products are having continuous market demand

Markets are located within state as well as at national/international levels and there is

very good connectivity of road, rail & air to the site

From the point of view of law and order, the site is peaceful and people are law abiding

Overall, excellent environment to carry out and expand the business

Overall improving profitability of the business and ensuring long term sustenance

Ease to control all units together i.e. sugar, cogeneration and distillery.

8.2 PROJECT BENEFITS: FOR THE LOCAL SOCIETY

Generation of 50 direct employment

Indirect employment in various forms e.g. transportation, refreshment stalls,

workshops, daily commodity shops, etc. People will be benefitted by these services

Increased demand for molasses will lead to increase in cane price which will benefit

farmers and improve their living standard.

RBPSSKL has already contributed tremendously to creating of infrastructure such as

schools, medical facilities, transportation, etc. This activity will contribute to further

improvement in the existing infrastructure.

RBPSSKL is a cooperative sugar mill and also helps the farmers through various

programs and financial assistance. This activity will also improve in future due to

increase in revenue generation.

Revenue for the local authorities as well as state government

8.3 BENEFITS TO COUNTRY: ALCOHOL AS A FUEL

Ethanol is mainly produced from sugarcane molasses. Sugarcane is a renewable source of

energy. Sugarcane cultivation is an efficient method of converting ‘solar energy’ into ‘stored

energy’. Thus, use of ethanol as oxygenating agent or fuel-extender would conserve fossil

fuels and would reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

Chapter 8: Project Benefits



Addition of fuel-ethanol to petrol has several advantages. Use of ethanol in place of tetraethyl

lead or MTBE has eliminated dangerous and poisonous emissions from petrol and the need

for catalytic converter for the vehicles. Ethanol is a renewable fuel. Carbon dioxide in the

atmosphere is converted by agricultural crops like sugarcane into sugar and starch using solar

energy. This sugar or starch can be converted into ethanol. This ethanol is used in vehicles

to produce energy along with petrol. The internal combustion engines converts ethanol into

carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide is again used by plants and converted into sugar or starch

Use of fossil fuels alone to generate energy only increases content of carbon dioxide in the

atmosphere, disturbing the natural balance. Along with carbon dioxide, burning of fossil fuels

also generates other pollutants like sulphur dioxide etc. As compared to this ethanol os a

cleaner fuel. Sustaining the ‘carbon cycle’ reduces the ‘greenhouse effect.’ Blending of petrol

using ethanol even at 5% directly saves that much petrol. This quantity is huge at national

level. Hence, we could able to save valuable foreign exchange and strengthen our economy.

This could also help in controlling/regulating the prices of petrol in the market, since ethanol

is cheaper compared to petrol. Overall, it could have manifold effect on economy.

8.4 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Agro based industry and raw material is renewable

No rehabilitation, relocation, restoration issues involved

Saving on transportation of raw material and filler materials, as well as fuel cost

Exhaust steam from captive power unit will be used for distillery operations, hence it

will save energy (fuel) as well as water

Captive power – generated on renewable energy

Disposal of molasses, press mud and ash will get solved due to the proposed unit

Recycling/reuse of treated water will save fresh water intake

No wildlife sanctuary, national park within 10km radius of study area; no disturbance

to wildlife

Overall, pollution control at all possible extent, enhancing the environmental benefits

Thus, project is anticipated to be beneficial for sustainable development of the region.

Chapter 9: Env. Cost Benefit Analysis



9. ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

The Ministry of Environment Forests & Climate Change (MoEFCC) granted online Terms of

Reference to the project on March 26, 2021, as per the EIA notification of September 2006.

Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis was not recommended in the Terms of Reference

and hence it has not been done.

Chapter 10: Env. Mgt. Plan



10. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.1 OVERVIEW

This chapter gives the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed expansion of

molasses- based distillery of RBPSSKL from 75 to 150 KLPD. The EMP is a site-specific

document for the project. It aims to identify and address the requirements for successfully

mitigating probable adverse environmental impacts of the project at various stages of project

formulation and execution. It also identifies the post monitoring requirements needed for the

successful implementation of the suggested measures.

The EMP framework should ensure that the project can be implemented in an environmentally

sustainable manner and where all concerned persons of the industry as well as contractors

understand the potential environmental impacts arising from the proposed project and take

appropriate actions for proper management.

10.1.1 Objectives of EMP

Overall conservation of environment and thereby promote sustainable development

Minimization of waste generation at source and pollution

Judicious use of natural resources

Safety, welfare and good health of work force and populace

Ensure effective and efficient operation of all control measures

Vigilance against probable disasters and accidents

Monitoring of cumulative and long term impacts

10.2 EMP FOR CONSTRUCTION PHASE

As explained previously, this is an expansion project where the distillery capacity will be

doubled from 75 to 150 KLPD and the expansion will take place in existing premises. The

construction activity involves installation/augmentation of various units of distillery such as

storage tanks for raw material as well as finished products, incineration boiler, air pollution

control device, distillation towers, treatment units such as CPU, etc. The major activities

involved for construction phase are:

Excavation work (as required) for the erection of various buildings and structures

Transportation of the material and workers to & from the proposed project location

Loading/unloading of construction material

Processing of construction material e.g. making RCC

Installations and commissioning of various machineries/units

Disposal of the liquid and solid waste generated by the temporary work force

employed for construction




Considering the various types of construction activities associated with the proposed project

and sources of pollution, following mitigation measures are recommended -

Fugitive dust emission due to transportation activities as well as loading/unloading of

material such as soil, sand, etc. will be controlled by sprinkling water on dust generating

surfaces.

The upper soil layer is productive part of the landscape; hence, it needs to be carefully

removed and preserved for future use. If these soil piles are dry, they will be covered with

tarpaulin or similar material. This soil will be reused for the development of greenbelt

within the premises.

The excess of excavated soil will be used for development of greenbelt by adding adequate

amount of manure, organic fertilizers to it. The material like stones, etc. is to be used within

the project site, mainly for minor leveling activities/develop internal roads, etc.

The runoff from the construction site will be controlled by ditches and not allowing it to

percolate in the land or enter into any water body outside the premises

The activities generating noise will be restricted to daytime only and prohibit all such

activities for night time

Run-off of loose soil will be prevented by means of compacting the soil

The contractor will be instructed to employ local labour to maximum extent so that the

local people get employment opportunity. This will also help in reducing the problems

associated with housing of labour and help in reducing linked issues such as demand for

water, sanitation and hygiene at the labour colony, etc. Basic sanitation facility

(toilets/bathrooms) at the work site, will be made available to all labour, transporters and

visitors.

Transport contractors will be instructed to use vehicles which are maintained properly and

in good physical conditions. It will help in reducing noise and prevent oil leakages from

vehicles. PUC will be mandatory for all vehicles, so as to minimize the exhaust emissions.

Solid waste material will be segregated properly and its further treatment/disposal to be

carried out according to the nature of waste, under the supervision and guidance of

environment officer/chemist available in the proposed unit

Greenbelt developmental activities to commence in the surrounding zone of the

construction site.




10.3 EMP FOR OPERATION PHASE

The environmental aspects of the project, impact causing factors and control measures form

part of the environmental management plan. A summary of the EMP for operation phase of

the proposed project is given in table 10.1.

Table 10.1: Summary of Environment Management Plan

Environmental

Aspect

Impact causing factor Control/Mitigation Measures

Air

Environment

Generation of Particulate

Matter (PM), SO2, NOx

during incineration

Generation of CO2 from

fermentation,

Odour from spent wash

storage

Handling of coal and ash

ESP to control ash emission through

new stack with height 62m

Mechanized system for coal/fuel and

ash handling

Fugitive dust control/suppression for

coal yard will be done properly

Provision of CO2 scrubber and botting

unit

Wind breaks for ash storage area

Online emission monitoring system will

be installed

Development of a greenbelt

Water

Environment

Effluent generation from

processes, cleaning, blow

down water &

condensate.

Storage of spentwash, its

treatment and disposal

‘Zero liquid discharge’ will be achieved by

implementing -

Stand-alone evaporation (using MEE) as

a primary treatment to reduce the

spentwash volume

Incineration of concentrated spentwash

by burning with coal/bagasse in furnace

(for molasses as a feed stock)

Integrated evaporation, followed by

bio-methanation followed by

composting for juice/syrup to ethanol

route

Spentlees, condensate of MEE and other

effluents will be treated in condensate




Environmental

Aspect


polishing unit (CPU) and treated water

will be reused in distillery.

All the effluent will be properly treated/

utilized/disposed within the premises

Separate tanks for storage of raw and

concentrated spentwash.

Tanks will be made impervious as per

CREP guidelines

Fresh water requirement will be

reduced by recycling of water (treated

water),

Rain water harvesting

Piezometric well, in downstream area of

spentwash storage to monitor ground

water quality

Soil

Environment

Boiler Ash Used for brick manufacturing

Sludge from

Fermentation unit and

CPU

Sludge is degradable, organic in nature

hence, mixed into soil

Excavated fertile soil Stacked separately and reused for

greenbelt development

Stones and excess soil will be used for

foundation or internal roads or leveling

purpose within premises

Noise Increase in noise level

due to operation of

machines, motors,

vehicular movement, DG

set etc.

Regular maintenance of machines and

vehicles

provisions of separate parking for

goods and other vehicles

Internal roads will be either asphalted or

RCC, leveled, illuminated and will be

maintained




Environmental

Aspect


Safety sign boards will be placed at

strategic locations within premises

Provision of adequate personal

protective equipment for workers

Job rotation for high noise level work

places, if required

Regular health checkup for workers

Acoustic enclosure will be provided to

DG set

Ecology and

Biodiversity

Air, water, soil and noise

pollution

Tree cutting failing,

disturbance to wildlife

due to project

Adequate preventive, control and

mitigation measures for air, water and

soil pollutants

No tree cutting/ felling involved since

project is on barren land

No wildlife sanctuary, national park or

biosphere reserve within 10km radius,

site is not in migratory route of any

wildlife, no rare and endangered species

of plants/animals reported from the

region

Development of a greenbelt will help to

enhance the biodiversity and will

provide habitat to many species

Socio-

economic

Environment

Rehabilitation and

Restoration (RR),

pressure on available

manmade

infrastructure/resource

due to population flux

No rehabilitation and restoration issue

involved since site is already under the

possession of the project proponent

Local candidates will be preferred for

employment. Skilled work force is

available at nearby towns and cities




Environmental

Aspect


Safety and

Occupational

health

Accidents, improper

work practices

Safety officer and safety committee will

be formulated

Provision of adequate safety gears

Insurance policy for workers

Regular health check-up

Risk and

disaster

management

Fire, accidents,

earthquake, etc.

The entire premises will be declared as

‘no smoking zone’

Lightening arresting system will be

installed

Ethanol vapor condensing system will

be installed at storage area

Proper storage of molasses, ethanol

and coal

Ethanol storage as per PESO guidelines

Firefighting system as per OISD and

local authority guidelines

Earthquake resistant construction


The sources of air pollution are emissions due to combustion of fuel i.e. coal/bagasse and

spent wash in the boiler furnace, fugitive dust due to handling of coal as well as ash, processes

such as fermentation, etc. Emissions from diesel generator and vehicles are also considered as

a source of air pollutants. Considering this, following management plan is proposed.

CO2 emissions from fermentation

The carbon dioxide emissions from fermentation process will be separated. CO2 Recovery Plant

takes CO2 gas from the fermentation process passes through a series of purification processes

namely - a stainless steel CO2 foam trap to separate the gas, a deodoriser. The fully automatic

systems carefully treat the CO2 produced during fermentation. The purified CO2 complies with

all requirements for food and beverages, medical sector and it can be used for preservation.

Flue gas emissions




Criteria for the design of ESP as air pollution control equipment (APCE), will be based

on the characteristics of fuel, its quantity, quantity, generation of pollutant, estimated

volume of flue gas, etc.

New stack of 62 m height with 3 m inner diameter will be installed

Preventive maintenance and regular checking of ESP will be done during periodical

shutdown of incineration boiler

Greenbelt of minimum three tiers along the project boundary (10 m wide)

Continuous flue gas monitoring system will be installed

Ambient air quality (AAQ) will be monitored as per CPCB guidelines

AAQ also to be monitored at nearest villages (settlement area) i.e. Sakharale and at

nearest locations in upwind and downwind directions

Storage and handling of fuel

Isolating the high dust generating areas (E.g. coal storage) by enclosing it in

appropriate housing and appropriately de-dusting through high efficiency bag filters

– to prevent fugitive dust.

Enclosure will be provided for belt conveyors and transfer points of belt conveyors.

The above enclosures will be rigid and permanent and fitted with self-closing doors

and close-fitting entrances and exits, where conveyors pass through the enclosures.

Flexible covers will be installed at entry and exit of the conveyor to the enclosures,

minimizing the gaps around the conveyors.

Fugitive emissions in the coal storage area due to blowing wind shall be prevented by

regular water sprinkling through auto-sprinklers.

If necessary, crushing and screening operation will be carried out in enclosed area

Storage and handling of ash

The fly ash extracted in dry form the electrostatic precipitator hoppers, economizer &

air heater hoppers and stack hopper and transported to storage silo. Regular water

sprinkling will be done in the fly ash storage area.

Providing wall at the periphery of the ash pond/ loading unloading area/ ash silo

The fly ash generated will be transported in covered dumpers from generation point

to the final disposal point

Other/fugitive dust

Development of lawn on open areas with plantation of ornamental shrubs/trees in

between so as to reduce the dust generation from open areas and improve aesthetics

Adequate arrangements for preventing generation of fugitive dust by providing the

chutes at transfer points to reduce the failing height of material




Proper maintenance of internal roads

Tree plantation along the internal roads and in open areas.

Compliance of other regulatory norms such as health, safety, etc.

All these measures will help in reducing as well as mitigating the potential negative impact of

the proposed activity on surrounding environment.


In case of the proposed distillery, the main processes are fermentation and distillation. In these

processes, there are no major noise sources involved. Hence, simple measures such as

maintenance of machines, equipment & vehicles needs to be implemented. The noise

management practices will be in the following sequence -

Prevent generation of noise at source by good design and maintenance of equipment

Minimize or control noise at source by observing good operational techniques and

management practice

Use physical barriers or enclosures to prevent transmission to other media e.g. for

boiler, DG room

Increase the distance between the source and receiver

Sympathetic timing and control of unavoidably noisy operations

Job rotation for workers placed at high noise areas

Greenbelt development with suitable species for noise attenuation


Spentwash is a highly polluting waste generated in molasses-based distilleries, which is

potentially a major threat to environment. Thus, it is imperative to manage it properly.

Considering the pollution potential of spentwash, the Ministry of Environment Forest& Climate

Change (MoEFCC), has recommended a guideline through Corporate Responsibility for

Environment Protection (CREP), charter in 2003. According to these guidelines, it is mandatory

for the distillery to achieve ‘Zero Liquid Discharge’ (ZLD). The project proponent has developed

following scheme to achieve ZLD and has made necessary financial provisions towards the

planned activities.

In case C-molasses is used as raw material, it is estimated that, the project after

expansion i.e. at 100 KLPD capacity will produce 800 m3 of spentwash (@8 L per L of

alcohol). After treated in IMEE followed by MEE, the concentrated spentwash will be

200 m3/day with 60% solids. The spent wash having 60% solids will be fired in an

incineration boiler along with coal/bagasse as a supplementary fuel




In case B-Heavy molasses is used as raw material, it is estimated that, the project

after expansion i.e. at 150 KLPD capacity will produce 1200 m3 of spent wash (8.0 L per

L of alcohol) having 10% solids of 1200 m3/day will be sent to integrated multi-effect

evaporation unit. Here, its volume will be reduced maximum up to 600 m3/day with

20% solids. Then, 600 m3/day with 24% solids spent wash will feed to stand alone

multiple effect evaporation plant for concentration up to 60% solids. The concentrated

spent wash 200 m3/day with 60% solids will be fired in an incineration boiler along

with coal as a supplementary fuel

Incase sugarcane syrup is used as raw material, volume of raw spentwash generated

will be 500 m3/day @ 8% solids which will be concentrated to 225 m3/day @ 16%

solids. This will be treated in existing biogas plant and then bio-methanated spent

wash will be mix with pressmud cake to produce good quality of bio-compost

Please refer schematic of ZLD for the above three scenarios at figure 2.9 and table 2.12

& 13 pg. 2-26 and 2-27 in chapter of this report.

The spent wash evaporation condensate quantity and distillation plant spent lees will

be treated in condensate polishing unit (CPU) and reused for distillery cooling tower

or for fermentation process

Steam condensate will be recycled back as a boiler feed water. Thus, the industry is

determined to put all its efforts to recycle/reuse of available water.

Figure 10.1: Schematic of Water Conservation

10.3.3.1 CREP guidelines for molasses-based distilleries




Following guidelines recommended through CREP to be implemented by the project

proponent

Spentwash storage tanks of 7 days’ capacity (raw as well as concentrated spentwash)

The lagoons must be impervious, constructed leak-proof, lined with HDPE sheets and

protected by brick lining

ZLD will be achieved

10.3.3.2 Spent lees and condensate polishing unit (CPU)

The details and process flow diagram for CPU is given in Chapter 2 (refer Fig. 2.7, page 2-27).

10.3.3.3 Important aspect

a. Spentwash: It will be transported safely by laying suitable and protected pipeline of

HDPE or similar material

b. Electricity: Provision of diesel generator as a backup for electricity. It will supply power

to all pollution control equipment

c. Boiler ash: It will be transported in covered vehicles (trucks or tractors) to the brick

manufacturing site

d. Other Infrastructure: Tree plantation (as a greenbelt development) will be done,

Water required for plantation/drinking etc. will be made available by the factory

Precautionary Measures

Cooling ponds will be constructed of masonry/brick work with impervious one using

PVC lining duly finished and sulphate resistant cement shall be used. Since the spent

wash is highly acidic in nature, the corrosive resistant epoxy coatings shall be made.

Storage tanks of 07 day’s capacity will be constructed by providing and laying leak-

proof tar-felt coating and waterproofing primer for joints

Piezometric well or Bore well towards the downstream of spent wash storage area to

check the ground water quality regularly

10.3.3.4 Sewage treatment

Sewage generated in the distillery will be treated in a sewage treatment plant. The treated

sewage will be utilized for irrigation in the premised after chlorination.

10.3.3.5 Operation and maintenance of other pollution control system

All the pollution control system such as, effluent treatment system, air pollution

control (APC) equipment and any other system provided by the industry should be

operated and maintained strictly as per the operational manual/guidelines. The

record related to this should be maintained and need to be available for the

inspection by the regulatory authorities




The preventive maintenance of all the equipment’s and machinery including

civil/mechanical structure shall be carried out as per the planned schedule

Housekeeping in and around plant/pollution control system should be maintained

properly.

10.3.4 Land Environment

10.3.4.1 Waste Management

Generally, solid waste is identified as a potential source of land/soil pollution. Solid waste

management scheme is shown in figure 10.3.

Figure 10.2: Solid waste management scheme

It will be transported in covered vehicles (trucks/tractors) to the brick manufacturing

site

Greenbelt development could help in improving aesthetics of the site

About 1 to1.5 tons of sludge will be applied in one ha of soil.

10.3.4.2 Hazardous Waste Management

Spent oil from the gearboxes and DG set will be disposed as per the Hazardous Waste

(Management, Handling and Trans-Boundary Movement) Rules, 2016

10.4 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT

Development of greenbelt in and around the industrial complex is an effective way to

attenuate air, noise and soil pollution. The degree of pollution attenuation depends upon

height, width, foliage, surface area of leaf and density of species, etc.

The major objectives of the proposed green belt development will be –

Mitigate impact due to fugitive emissions and noise

Create an aesthetic environment

Enhance the bio-diversity in the vicinity

Help to maintain/restore the ground water table

Prevent soil erosion and surface run-off

Selection of plant species will be based on the following characteristics viz. Fast growing, Thick

canopy cover, Perennial and ever green, Large leaf area, Preferably Indigenous and Resistant

Sludge

Soil

Ash

Brick manufacturing unit




to pollutants and should maintain ecological balance for soil and geo- hydrological conditions

of the region.

Since, the greenery development will be done as per the requirement i.e. type of activity

performed at a particular area/block/plot, thus the tree spacing will vary from plot to plot. In

the project, 600 trees per acre are proposed for the greenbelt development. Approx. 27,320

trees will be planted within next three years for greenbelt development. Tree plantation

details, list of recommended species for green belt development are given in tables 10.3, 10.4

and 10.5 respectively.

Table 10.3: Tree Plantation Details

Trees interspacing

Tree density per 100m2

Size/type Location

3 x 3m 16-18 Shrubs, small and medium trees

Boundary of distillery, Garden/landscape areas

5 x 5m 09 Medium to large size trees

Boundary of plot area

10-15m 01-02 Large size trees Road side and on the outer peripheral line of the unit

Table 10.4: List of species recommended for greenbelt development

# Name Size* & canopy Rainfall, mm Feature/remark

1. Dalbargia sissoo (Shisoo) T Round 500-1000 Tolerant to air pollution,

2. Acacia leucophloea (Babhul) T spreading 300-1000 Tolerant to air pollution,

3. Delonix regia (Gulmohar) T Spreading 250-500 Fly ash tolerant

4. Azadiracta indica (Neem) T Round 500-1000 Fly ash tolerant ,Tolerant of

alkaline and Saline soil,

5. Albizia lebbak (Shiris) M Round 500-1000 Tolerant of CO2

6. Tamarindus indica (Chinch) T Spreading 250-500 Tolerant of acidic soil

7. Emblica officinalis M Conical 500-1000 -

8. Derris indica (Karanj) T Round 500-1500 Tolerant to air pollution,

common in the region

9. Casurina equisetifolia (Suru) T Oblong 500-1000 Tolerant of sandy soil

10. Tectona grandis (Saag) T Oblong 500-1000 Dust tolerant

11. Polyalthia longifolia (Asopalav –

Ashok)

T Conical 600-2600 - Dust tolerant and

ornamental




# Name Size* & canopy Rainfall, mm Feature/remark

12. Terminalia arjuna T Oblong 500-1000 Tolerant of alkaline/Saline

soil

13. Samania saman T Spreading 600-1000 Dust tolerant

14. Anona squamosal T Oblong 250-500 Fly ash tolerant

15. Aegal marmalose T Round 500-1000 Tolerant to air pollution,

16. Magifera indica (Mango) T Spreading 500-1000 Dust tolerant

17. Ficus bengalensis (wad) T Spreading 250-1000 Dust tolerant

18. Ficus religiosa (Peepal) T Round 250-1000 Dust tolerant

19. Thespesia populania (Ran

bhindi)

T Round 250-1000 Dust tolerant

20. Holiptelia integrifolia (Papadi) M Oblong 500-1000 Dust tolerant

21. Callistemon lanceolata

(Bottle brush )

M Conical 500-1000 Dust tolerant

22. Putranjiva roxburghai T Conical 500-1000 Tolerant to air pollution,

23. Erythrina varigata T Oblong 500-1000 Tolerant to air pollution,

24. Malingtonia hortensis T Conical 500-1000 Tolerant to air pollution,

25. Anthocephalus kadamba T Oblong 500-1000 Tolerant to air pollution,

*T=Tall, M=Medium

Table 10.5: Flowering and foliage shrubs recommended for greenbelt

# Flowering plant (Shrubs) # Foliage plant (Shrubs/Under tree)

1. Hibiscus 1. Duranta species

2. Shankasur (Ceasalpinia spp.) 2. Dracena

3. Ixora 3. Euphorbia pulcherima

4. Tagar 4. Mussaenda species

5. Cassia biflora 5. Maranta bicolor

6. Powder puff 6. Acalypha hispida

7. Nerium 7. Palm spp.

8. Alamanda 8. Croton

9. Chitrak (Plumbago) 9. Agave

10. Hemalia petans

11. Ratrani

12. Gardenia lucida




Species for First line

Species for Second line

Third line i.e. boundary of plot area Outer line and roadside plantation

Figure 10.3: Species suggested for proposed greenbelt according to canopy structure

Figure 10.4: Schematic of Greenbelt Development




10.5 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Rain water is one of the purest sources of water for improving the water table in the sub- soil,

Rain water which is otherwise has to be recharged in to the soil. This can be adopted either by

using traditional way or by modern technologies. Diverting rain water collection through

proper channels to the nearest pond or open wells and run off from built in areas mainly roofs

are diverted to storm water drains, connected to the lake / pond.

The other method of rain water harvesting is ground water recharging. In this option, the

recharging structures need to be prepared in scientific way. Recharging pits of approx. 2x2 m

area and 3 m depth need to be constructed and filled with pebbles/rubbles of sizes more than

2”. At the center of this structure 6” or 8” pipe is driven to the depth of approx.10m, with

perforation of 1 or 2”. Such structures can be built at pre-defined places (minimum 4 or 5

places, depending up on the site situation) so that maximum quantity of rain water within the

premises can be collected. The water diverted through channels, from roof tops and other

means can be collected in this recharge structure, which will definitely improve the water table

as well as quality of the water and feed water to the plant during drought season.

RBPSSKL will implement rainwater-harvesting project on the whole premises. The details of

the rainwater harvesting potential are given in table 10.6 and design of the scheme is given in

figure 10.6

Table 10.6: Estimation of quantum of run off available through rainwater harvesting in premises

# Description of

catchment area

Area

m2

Avg. Rain-fall

per year, m

Run off

Coefficient*

Water available

(m3 Per annum)

1. Built up area 71213.582 0.69 0.7 34396.16

2. Storage area 24158.049 0.69 0.7 11668.64

3. Utility area 11428.939 0.69 0.7 5520.18

4. Greenbelt 28329.000 0.69 0.3 5864.10

5. Open area 3160.430 0.69 0.7 1526.19

Total 138,290 58,975.27

*Ref: Manual of Artificial Recharge of Ground Water (CGWB, 2007)

Total rainwater generated and harvested will be around 58,975.27 m3. This will be harvested

in two ponds of adequate size.




Figure 10.5: Layout of rainwater harvesting plan for total plot




Figure 10.6: Layout of rainwater harvesting plan distillery unit




10.6 SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT

In case of proposed distillery project, aspects of Safety and Occupational Health are given with

due consideration, over and above applicable legislations such as Factories Act, 1948. Extra

attention is paid to provide measures for ensuring safety and health of workers as well as

integrity of the unit.

Following applicable national or international standards shall be followed

Use of flameproof and standard electrics

Standard operating procedures (SOP) will be developed as per the manual of respective

equipment and machines. These SOP will be strictly implemented to ensure safety, health

and environment throughout the premises

Provision of safety gears such as safety shoes, gloves, goggles, helmets, masks, ear plugs,

etc. is made for workers

Noise proof cabins will be provided to controlling operators

Workers working in high noise/ high risk areas will be rotated to other areas

Smoking and other igniting activities shall be strictly prohibited in the distillery/ parking

areas

The plant and buildings will be designed to meet the corresponding provisions of statutes

regarding inter-distances, exits, ventilation, illumination, etc.

Firefighting arrangements shall be provided as per the required statutes as well as

corresponding standards

Proper earthling arrangements will be made

Work entry permit system will be implemented

Necessary data and transport emergency (TREM) card must be available with the all

vehicles used for transportation of finished products as well as raw material.

Only well-maintained vehicles to be used for raw material and finished product transport

Facilities proposed by the Management

Separate parking facility for private vehicles (non-goods),

Drinking water facility

Canteen

Toilet and bathrooms

First aid facility

Safety gears




The above mentioned facilities will be made available to construction workers, harvesting

labour as well as to the visitors and transporters. This will insure healthy and hygienic working

conditions in the factory premises.

Plan of evaluation of health of workers

The management is having a plan to monitor the health of its worker before placement

and periodically (annually) during the employment

Proper health checkup schedule will be developed and followed with help of

occupational health experts and doctor

Health effects of various activities and health hazard, if any observed will be recorded

and discussed with the health experts for corrective and preventive actions need to be

taken by the industry

Schedule of medical check-up during operational phase

Comprehensive pre-employment medical checkup for all employees

General checkup of all employees (including contractual employees and casual labour)

once every year

Local hospitals and Govt. health monitoring system will be engaged

Dispensary and ESI facility will be provided to all workers as applicable

10.7 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT/ ENVIRONMENT

RESPONSIBILITY OF THE INDUSTRY

In case of the proposed project, the management will undertake activities to maintain as well

as improve socio-economic conditions of the region. These activities includes-

Conservation of fresh water resources

Providing health / health checkup facilities to even family members of the employees,

labours, contract labours, etc.

Prefer local candidates for employment

Provide employment to backward classes/communities as per the regulatory norms

Proper implementation of schemes for employee’s health, insurance, welfare, etc.

Pay special attention on schemes for women and child welfare

Promote rain water harvesting in the surrounding villages

Compliance of norms of regulatory authorities as applicable

Policy under Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 is mandatory

Maintain the road infrastructure




Help to strengthen the other infrastructures such as school, medical facilities, drinking

water, sanitation, etc

Pay respective taxes, levies, cess etc on time to local and state government

Help to maintain and improve social harmony in the region

Some of the CER activities and budgetary allocation for the same are highlighted in the

following table 10.7.

Table 10.7: Financial provision for CER activities planned for next two years

CER activity head Year TOTAL

1st 2nd

Budgetary provision (Rs. in lakhs)

Provision of sanitation facilities in local schools 20 20 40

Provision of clean drinking water to schools 15 15 30

Training to local youth/skill development 4 4 8

TOTAL BUDGETARY ALLOCATION FOR NEXT FIVE YEARS

(0.75% of the capital budget = Rs. 78 lakhs)

78 Lakh

10.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL

It is recommended to constitute a separate Environment Management Cell (EMC) by including

following personnel. It should be established to monitor and control the environmental quality

in and around the industrial complex. Members of the EMC should be well qualified and

experienced in their respective/concerned field. The human resource for EMC is given in table

10.8 and schematic of Environment Management Cell (EMC) is shown in figure 10.7.

Figure 10.7: Schematics of Environment Management Cell (EMC)




Table 10.8: Human Resource for Environment Management Cell

Particulars Number

Managing Director One

Distillery Manager One

Environment Manager One

Safety Officer One

Evaporation Plant Operator One

Lab Chemist Two

Operators Four

The EMC will also have the duty of ensuring that the following are prepared and submitted to

required authority on time

10.8.1 Environmental Statement Report

Submission of Environmental Statement Report on or before 30th September every year is a

mandatory requirement under the Environment Protection Rules (1986) as amended through

the Notification issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests in April 1993, This includes

the consumption of resources (raw material), quantity and concentration of pollutants (air and

water) discharged, quantity of hazardous and solid waste generated, pollution abatement

measures, conservation of natural resources and cost of production vis-a-vis the investment

on pollution abatement. This may be an internal or external audit, but carried out impartially

and effectively by a person properly trained for it. This can also help to

Identify the process/production areas where resources can be used more efficiently

through a comparison with the figures of a similar industry (reducing the

consumption);

Determine the areas where waste generation can be minimized at source and through

end of pipe treatment (thereby reducing the wastes generation);

Initiate a self-correcting/improvement system through an internal analysis to achieve

cost reduction through choice of superior technology and more efficient practices.

10.8.2 Six monthly compliance of Environmental Clearance

The project proponent is also required to submit a compliance report of Environmental

Clearance conditions to the regional office of the MoEFCC, twice a year i.e. once in six months.




10.9 CAPITAL & RECURRING EXPENSES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

PROGRAM

The estimated capital cost on EMP is Rs. 4,905.00 lakhs. Considering CER budget of Rs 78 lakhs.

The management has made budgetary provision of Rs. 4,983.00 lakhs for environment

management with CER. The recurring expenses per annum will be around Rs. 1,365.25 lakhs.

The details of EMP cost are given in table 10.9.

Table 10.9: Estimated Capital & Recurring Expenses for Environment Management

# Particulars Amount

(Rs. in Lakhs)

Capital Expenses

1. Standalone Multiple Effect Evaporator 845.00

2. Incineration boiler with electrostatic precipitator and dump

condenser

3060.00

3. Fuel handling system 70.00

4. Ash handling system 90.00

5. new Stack 90.00

6. Spentwash storage lagoon 100.00

7. Condensate polishing unit 395.00

8. RCC storage tank for process condensate and spentlees 25.00

9. Coal & bagasse yard 50.00

10. Environmental monitoring and management 80.00

11. Greenbelt development 50.00

12. Rainwater harvesting 50.00

TOTAL 4905.00

Additional provision towards CSR/CER (0.75 % of capital investment) 78.00

Recurring Expenses/Annum

1. Salaries and wages 25.00

2. Maintenance (@ 5% on capital investment of Rs. 3920 lakhs) of

pollution control devices e.g. ESP, etc.

245.25

3. Fuel (incineration activity) 1080.00

4. Miscellaneous 15.00

TOTAL 1365.25




Figure 10.8: Decision-making & implementation hierarchy (from top to bottom) and

reporting hierarchy (from bottom to top) for environmental conditions/compliances

The management organizes annual general meeting (AGM) in which all activates pertaining to

the factory, its development, problems encountered, etc. are discussed with shareholders &

stakeholders. Environment related activities are also communicated in this AGM.

Chairman and Board of Directors

Chapter 11: Summary & Conclusion



11. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

M/s. Rajarambapu Patil Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. (RBPSSKL). has proposed the

expansion of its 75 KLPD molasses-based distillery located at Rajaramnagar, village: Sakharale,

Tal. Walwa, Dist. Sangli. This distillery will use C molasses, B-heavy molasses and sugarcane

juice/syrup as feedstock. Distillery capacity after expansion will be 150 KLPD however only 100

KLPD will be achieved in case C molasses is used as feedstock. Baseline environmental quality

data was collected for pre-monsoon season during December 2020 to Feb 2021 (winter

season).. Identification and prediction of significant environmental impacts due to proposed

activity has been given in detail in Chapter 4.

11.1. SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT

The salient features of the proposed project are given in table 11.1

Table 11.1.: Salient Features of the Proposed Project

1. Project Expansion of molasses-based distillery from 75 to 150 KLPD

2. Land Total plot area of the unit is 75.69 Ha out of which built up

area of existing sugar; cogeneration and distillery unit is 6.31

Ha built up area required for proposed expansion is

approximately 1.29 Ha it will be made available from existing

land

Total greenbelt area requirement of i.e. 33 % on total plot

area is 24.98 Ha, out of which and unit has already

developed approximately 16.79 Ha of area and remaining

8.89 Ha is proposed for greenbelt development during

expansion. The internal roads, Parking, open spaces and

other amenities occupy remaining area

3. Operation Days 330 days

4. Total Water Requirement Max. 559 m3/day (considering recycle and reuse)

5. Water Source Krishna River MIDC lift irrigation scheme from 5 km.

6. Effluent Treatment System Standalone multi-effect evaporation (SMEE) followed by

incineration of spentwash when molasses is used as a

feedstock. Concentration followed by biomethanation

followed by composting when sugarcane juice/syrup is used

as a feedstock. For spent lees, condensate and other effluent:

Two stage biological treatment followed by tertiary treatment




7. Air Pollution Control

Device for Flue Gases

Stack of 62 m with ESP will be used for incineration boiler of

distillery

8. Power and its Source Requirement: 2.8 to 3.0 MW/hr

Source: Captive through existing stream turbine generator

Alternate source: state electricity board and diesel generator

9. Fuel Conc. Spentwash 248 TPD (source -own distillery) +

Coal 90 TPD (source -market) or

Bagasse 156 TPD (source -own sugar mills)

10. Steam Total: Maximum 32 TPH Source: New incineration boiler

Steam utilization: Distillery, Standalone MEE and incineration

boiler units

11. Manpower 50 persons will be employed in addition t0 existing 73 (35 will be skilled and others will be semi-skilled and unskilled)

12. Total Capital Cost Rs. 10424.09 Lakhs

13. Capital Expenses for

Environment Management

Rs. 4905 Lakhs

14. CER budget Rs. 78 Lakhs (0.75% of capital cost for brownfield project)

11.2 MITIGATION OF ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The anticipated environmental impacts of the proposed distillery expansion project have

already been discussed in chapter 4 of this report under the categories of impacts during

commissioning stage, operation and due to decommissioning. The environmental

management plan has also been elaborated in chapter 10. However, the mitigation measures

proposed in this project, for avoiding adverse impacts on various aspects of the environment

have been briefly given below


ESP for control of particulate emissions from incineration boiler, stack height 62 m.

CO2 generated in fermentation will be scrubbed and bottled

Mechanized system for coal, bagasse & ash handling

Development of greenbelt


‘Zero liquid discharge’ will be achieved by implementing -

Integrated and stand-alone evaporation as a primary treatment to reduce the spentwash

volume




Incineration of concentrated spentwash by burning with coal/bagasse in furnace

Spentlees, condensate of MEE and other effluents will be treated in CPU and reused.

All the effluent will be properly treated/ utilized/disposed within the premises

Separate lagoons for storage of raw and concentrated spentwash.

Lagoons will be made impervious as per CREP guidelines

Fresh water requirement will be reduced by recycling of water (treated water), using rain

water during startup period

Piezometric well, in downstream area of spentwash storage to monitor ground water

quality

11.2.3 Soil Environment

Excavated soil will be stacked separately and reused for greenbelt development, Stones

and excess soil will be used for foundation or internal roads or leveling purpose within

premises.

Boiler ash will be sold to brick manufacturers


Regular maintenance of machines and factory vehicles

Provision of separate parking for goods and other vehicles

Internal roads will be either asphalted or RCC, leveled, illuminated and will be maintained

Safety sign boards will be placed at strategic locations within premises

Provision of adequate personal protective equipment’s for workers

Job rotation for high noise level work places, if required

Regular health checkup for workers

Acoustic enclosure will be provided to DG set

11.2.5 Ecology & Biodiversity

Adequate preventive, control and mitigation measures for air, water and soil pollutants

No tree cutting/ felling involved since project is on existing industrial plot

Development of greenbelt will help to enhance the biodiversity and will provide habitat

to many species

11.2.6 Socioeconomic Environment

Local candidates will be preferred for employment. Skilled work force is available at nearby

towns and cities. RBPSSKL has contributed to the socioeconomic development of the region

since its inception in 1975 and it will continue to do so.

11.2.7 Safety & Occupational Health

Proper safety precautions to avoid accidents and related damages.




11.3 CONCLUSION AND JUSTIFICATION FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

The potential environmental, social and economic impacts of the proposed distillery project

of RBPSSKL have been assessed during the environmental impact assessment study and are

given in detail in this EIA report. The proposed project will have certain levels of marginal

impacts on the local environment. It has been endeavored to minimize the negative impacts

by addressing them through mitigation measures detailed in the environmental management

plan. Necessary control measures have been suggested to meet with the norms and safeguard

the environment. The implementation of this project will definitely improve the physical and

social infrastructure of the surrounding area. Adequate financial provision is made by

management of NBPL for EMP and CER activities (i.e. for upliftment of the local people). The

proposed project will contribute to the ethanol blending program of the country and thus to

economic growth. It will also help in generating revenue for the Government.

Chapter 12: Disclosure of Consultants



12. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

12.1 CONSULTANT

Vasantdada Sugar Institute

Manjari (Bk), Pune 412307 Maharashtra

Phone: (020) 26902100, 26902343/7/6

Fax: (020) 26902244

Vasantdada Sugar Institute (VSI) formerly known as Deccan Sugar Institute, is an autonomous

body which is a ‘Registered Society’ registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 and

under the Bombay Public Trust Act, 1950. Several sugarcane farmers from Maharashtra joined

hands to establish the Institute in 1975 under the dynamic leadership of late Vasantdada Patil.

Their vision led to the development of an organization that was to symbolize a unique

partnership between the Sugar Industry, the scientific community and the sugarcane growers

to cater their ever-increasing scientific and technical needs.

The objective of VSI is to achieve an all- encompassing progress of the Indian Sugar Industry

through Research & Development, Consultancy and HRD in sugarcane agriculture, sugar

processing and by-products. VSI operates from four locations viz. Manjari, Naigaon, Lonarwadi

and Amboli. The main campus at Manjari near Pune, houses well developed R & D farms along

with state-of-the-art research laboratories and classrooms. VSI takes pride in a highly

qualified and experienced staff comprising of scientists, engineers and technologists. Cutting

edge R & D, expertise in quick delivery, skill to mould opinions and its role as a catalyst are

qualities inherent in VSI. The Institute stays ahead and keeps abreast of the latest

developments in science and technology, remains relevant to the evolving needs of the sugar

industry and also stays focused on the needs of sugarcane growers. VSI is the only organisation

in Asia and probably in the world to have such a formidable infrastructure exclusively for

sugarcane and sugar research in the cooperative sector.

The Institute has received accreditation from Quality Council of India (QCI)/National

Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET) for EIA consultancy services. It is also a

recognized Research and Development center of Department of Scientific and Industrial

Research (DSIR), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.

The EIA report has been prepared by the Department of Environmental Sciences of VSI, which is

recognized by ‘Savitribai Phule Pune University’, as Post Graduate and Doctoral Research

center (i.e. M.Sc. & PhD) in the said subject.

Chapter 12: Disclosure of Consultants



12.2 Project team of EIA study

Name Designation Role / Expertise

Dr. Amol

Deshmane

Scientist

Dept. of Environmental

Sciences, VSI

EIA Coordinator & FAE: EB

Overall coordination of project; Data and sample

collection; interpretation; impact assessment,

formulation of EMP; Preparation of EIA report

Dr. Deepali

Nimbalkar

Senior Scientist & Head


Sciences, VSI

FAE: HW, N

Assistance to EC in coordinating all project

activities, data collection, impact evaluation/

assessment; formulation of EMP, preparation of

EIA report

Mr. Shivajirao

Deshmukh

Director General, VSI FAE: SE

Guidance for data collection and analysis; impact

assessment; formulation of EMP

Dr. Eknath

Alhat

Scientific Officer


Sciences, VSI

FAE: WP, RH

Study of project processes and sources of

wastewater generation, guidelines for zero

discharge, impact assessment, Risk analysis and

management, data interpretation and formulation

of EMP

Dr. Preeti

Deshmukh

Scientist,

Soil Sciences section, VSI

FAE: SC, LU

Interpretation of soil/ land use data and

topographical information, impact assessment

Dr. Nitin

Karmalkar

(Empanelled)

Vice Chancellor,

Savitribai Phule Pune

University

FAE: Geology and Hydro-geology

Data interpretation, impact assessment, and

preparation of EMP

Mr. Vivek Patil Research Assistant


Sciences, VSI

FAE: AP, AQ

Air Monitoring & Interpretation of results, AQ

modeling, impact assessment, formulation of EMP

Functional Area Associates

Name Role Working under

Mr. Vikram Deshmukh FAA: RH Dr. Eknath Alhat

Ms. Priyanka Kad FAE: LU Dr. Preeti Deshmukh

Other team members involved in documentation

Mr. Aftab Momin, Mr. Shubham Malwade, Mr. Parimal Gore