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Evidence, Idea, Essay
An Occasion for Writing brings together images and written material that aims to stop us in our tracks. The Occasion should provoke us and elicit from us an interpretation of what we see and read. Any Occasion for Writing says quite simply, "Stop and think about what you see here." The acts of analysis, interpretation, and clarification will reward you with the satisfaction that comes from figuring out something that only you can find. In Occasions for Writing we see something mysterious, beyond simple explanation, something that can teach us about ourselves, our needs, and the world in which we sometimes move so rapidly that we miss the most amazing things.
This cover shot reveals only a portion of a larger art installation installed temporarily in 1991 on the landscape 60 miles north of Los Angeles, along Interstate 5 and the Tejon Pass. Christo and Jeanne-Claude (the artists) and 1880 workers installed 1760 yellow umbrellas in California and 1340 blue umbrellas on a different site in Japan.
We see in this photograph the vastness of t he uncu ltivated grazing land of California, highlighted by t he color and placement of the umbrellas. What relationship exists between this installation, as you see it and the land itself? In what ways might art be enhancing or revealing the landscape, making it possible for us to see it in new ways? Does the land itself enhance the installation?
In her essay "A Shark in the Mind of One Contemplating Wilderness" (pp. 480-484), Terry Tempest Williams suggests that "the natural world is becoming invisible, appeari ng only as a backdrop for our own human dramas and catastrophes: hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, and floods. Perhaps if we bring art to the discussion of the wild we can create a sensation where people will pay attention to the shock of what has always been here ... " How do you imagine Christo and Jeanne-Claude would react to Williams's suggestion?
OCCASIONS
FOR WRITING
ROBERT DiYANNI
New York University
PAT C. HOY II
New York University
~- WADSWORTH I - CENGAGE Learn ing·
Australia • Brazil • japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
EVIDENCE
IDEA
ESSAY . ~· ... ~· - . .6 . .
' . .. .... -.:... . . ..
----------- -
,.. WADSWORTH I CENGAGE Learning·
Occasions for Writing: Evidence, Idea, Essay
Robert DiYanni and Pat C. Hoy II
Publisher: lyn Uhl
Development Editor: Manta Sermolins
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Technology Project Manager: joe Gallagher
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Cover Printer: Courier-Kendallville
Production Service/Compositor:
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Cover Art: Christo and jeanne·Ciaude:
The Umbrellas. japan U.S.A .. 1984- 91: Photo: Wolfgang Volzllaof/Redux
Pictures. Copyright: Christo 1991-2005
Credots appear on pages 815- 826.
which constitute a continuation of the copyright page.
Printed in Canada 34513 1211
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Library of Congress Control NumbN: 2006937801
ISBN-13: 978-1-4130-1206-4
ISBN-10: 1-4130-1206-X
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•
CONTENTS
'
RHETORICAL CONTENTS . .
XV11
ABOUT THE AUTHORS • XXl
PREFACE ••• X X111
A BRIE F GUIDE T O WRITI NG
1 THE PRACTICE OF WRITING 1
2
3
Why Am I Writing Essays? 2
An Occasion for Writing 3
Using Your Voice and Finding Your Character 4
Moving from Evidence to Idea to Essay 5
EVIDENCE 5
IDEA 6
ESSAY 7
How to Reveal the Discoveries 8 ANALYSIS 9
INTERPRETATION 9
REFLECTION AND MEANING 9
Making Evidence and Discovery Work 'I'ogether 10
AN EXPLORATORY ESSAY: A STUDENT'S PROCESS 13
Using Images and Experience as Evidence 13
THE PERSUASIVE ESSAY: A STUDENT'S PROCESS 37
Using Text and Experience as Evidence 37
. 111
I
'
•
•
lV CON TE NTS
4 AN INTRODUCTION TO VISUAl UNDERSTANDING 67
Keeping Your Eyes Open and Learning to See 68
A S trategy for Visual Understanding 69
Looking and Responding 70
Analyzing Images: Categorizing to Make Sense
of What You See 71
FOCAL POINT AND EMPHASIS 71
FIGURE- GROUND CONTRAST 73
GROUPING : PROXIMITY & SIMILARITY 75
COLOR 76
CONTINUATION 76
LINE 77
CLOSURE 77
NARRATION OR STORY 78
CONTEXT 78
THE WHOLE COMPOSITION 79
Communicating What You See 82
A Sample Student Essay 83
T HEMES FOR WRITING
5 STORIES 89
CONVERSING WITH IMAGES 91
Ma rk Doty, SOULS ON ICE 92
Bridge Fishing (for Stories): An Occasion fol' Writing 97
0 Bf· ,)l.t ,,N J fl~A\/\f.1/\ ·!i., -~1 1 Jl,f'J\t 11l't 11,!, . I' I 97
A, r t · 1f r, :'\( .E r ·:I '•I n ,1\J I 97
Samuel Hubbard Scudder, LOOK AT YOUR FISH 100
More Than Meets the Eye: An Occasion for Wl'iting 103 103
1 104
CONTENTS v
,John Berger, STEPS TOWARD A SMALL THEORY
OF THE VISIBLE 106
Hearing and Seeing, a Basic Mystery: An Occasion
for Writing 112
I
113
J I H A c; R 113
CREATING WORD PORTRAITS AND IDEAS 116
Virginia Woolf, PORTRAIT OF A LONDONER 117
Creating Portraits: An Occasion for Writing 120 ll !, I \t.~·H . ,1 ' H :;'( IS Lll' ill~!·, 121
iAN l AN Of'i, W\. . \ A I '. ~~~I ( I I • .. \! • ~.
-. , I · ' l ' 123
Richard Rodriguez, LATE VICTORIANS 124
Cities on the Hill: An Occasion for Writing 134
•
~ . ') .
136
137
,Jim W. Corder, ACHING FOR A SELF 139
Using and Preserving the Self: An Occasion
for Writing 146
\ r
IJI)Vf l!R! ~(A 'VEx .ISU.1, 1 147
6 IDENTITY 151
THE RACIAL SELF 152
Brent Staples, JUST WALK ON BY 153
122
135
136
146
Pre-Judging Public Space: An Occasion for Writing 156
156
I • .
. Vl CONTENTS
7
I
Zora Neale Hurston, HOW IT FEELS TO BE COLORED ME 159
Presenting the Self: An Occasion for Writing 162 ~ .JA a,, Ll SEL•-?mPPd ~~ , 111: , , c;
AND MARIA BETWEEN 1-\Y EYEBROWS [PA 163
FRIDA KAHlO, THE liTTlE HART [PAINT!NC 163
ADRIAN PIPER, SELF-PORTRAIT AS A NIU , I
[PAINTING] 164
~~HW El C I KES INNER SELr <,(' L ~T lr[ 165
Judith Ortiz Cofer, THE MYTH OF THE LATIN WOMAN 167
Facing Races: An Occasion for Writing 171
MIKI: MIKC., THE FACE Of TOti\ORROW [ POS II R I 172
THE HISTORIES OF SOCIAL IDENTITY 175
Eva Hoffman, LOST IN TRANSLATION 176
Getting Lost in Translation: An Occasion for Writing 178 r,RASS HUT [PHOTOGRAPH] 179
Y 'R' TENT f PHOTOGRAPH 179
N. Scott Momaday, THE WAY TO RAINY MOUNTAIN 182
Native Identity: An Occasion for Writing 186 Jl ' 0 G S. rJ "··<; C~-< T r J r.• t f' I I
·s,.. .. L_., srs·t:RS ( • ;1-jE i 1 .... " ... . . 187
James Baldwin, STRANGER IN THE VILLAGE 190
Being White: An Occasion for Writing 199 JOsrr hAII[l, SPT ( (IH o-I,.JRM'HSJ 199
p~ 187
LA 11~11:.:5, A N£:W SHADf: OF WHITE [Ill h fVII lO~'I 200
NIKKI S. LEE THE IIIP flOP PROJECT (1) I PHOJOGRAI'H I 201
GENDER 203
ENGENDERING IDENTITY 204
Susan Brownmiller, FEMININITY 205
Sex and Packages: An Occasion for Writing 209 BOTILES l PHOTOGRAPH COLLECTION] 209
COLGATE SIIAVING [ADVERTISEMlN J 211
STILL BY JENNIFER LOf'f:Z (ADVERLSrl~f ~1 212
8
CONTENTS Vll
Deborah Tannen, ASYMMETRIES: MEN AND WOMEN TALKING
AT CROSS-PURPOSES 213
Don't You Understand Me? An Occasion for Writing 223 I L I
223
Judy Ruiz, ORANGES AND SWEET SISTER BOY 226
Transfom1ations: An Occasion for Writing 232 •' Ar l E. I r \l A R [ { ' 1 2 3 2
'·IAXINf HONG fJNGSTOr~. ON DIS .ll \ 233
t.1AR N> OIETR1CH [PHOIQf,f\APH] 234
THE BEAUTY OF THE GENDERS 236
Paul Fussell, UNIFORMS 237
The Well-Dressed Man: An Occasion for Writing 240 1·1\P .' ·~NC"R 'lRrEd jA01''1Rfi<;f1.1 Nil 241
I<Alf' • l AUREN pql 0 (ADVEinSEML"' 241
Mt:N IN UN IF R~·l [PI-IOTOllRAPII COlli r n ~I 242
I ~~ 1 :; 1 B\ofl') A. "'j') "[tr ' F' • 1 r 1 244
Susan Sontag, WOMAN'S BEAUTY: PUT-DOWN OR POWER
SOURCE 245
Beauteous and Bountiful Ladies : An Occasion
for Writing 247
"tr ~·; ER WITH A AMBO INE AN
K~ISTJNE PAftl"l, 8IG BEAuT 1 Ul BAt tT [PA
I IJ]Ll[ l 10r "lJI~AGrT'j,'jl t ] 250
Alice Walker, BEAUTY: WHEN THE OTHER DANC ER
IS THE SELF 251
Wl1at Is Beauty? An Occasion for Writing 256
248
249
Ill AIJTY IN CU I TU I~Al CONTtXT [PHOTOGRAPH rot r J n~] 257
FAMILIES 261 DEFINING FAMILY 262
Chang-rae Lee, COMING HOME AGAIN 263
The Family Circle: An Occasion for Writing 270 I I I I .l I. ,, (; ')f :. - )' 270
Vlll CONTENTS
9
Barbara Kingsolver, STONE SOUP 274
Defining the Family: An Occasion for Writing 279 · ~ AFR~c ·s·ttc r" T, P 280
'~ .. AI n ~iOMI ' ,1- ~ro 281
Barbara Ehrenreich, FAMILY VALUES 283
I t's All Politics: An Occasion for Writing 288 I .'IR y s HII ADW ~' c ACE (OR " \ D AH.I~ I I II)! I 289
ED FRASCINO, SO~IEDAY SON (CAR OON] 289
JOHN EDWARDS WITH HIS FAMILY (PHOTO(, AI'HJ 290
FAMILY STORIES 291
David Sedaris, CYCLOPS 292
Famous Families: An Occasion for Writing 296 AL fl IRSCr-JFELD. St!NH:CLD [CARl CAl URll 296
AL HJRSC MLO. SEX AND THF CTTY [CARICi\TURf 297
bell hooks, INSPIRED ECCENTRICITY 299
Treasuring Family: An Occasion for Writing 304 JP' If (A r HE BIR'Hu\) LE ~"' ~y sr l'lllr I 304
ROBERT MEZEY. 1-\Y 1.-!0THER (POEM 305
1 " r f L • 306
Maxine Hong Kingston, NO NAME WOMAN 308
Family Secrets: An Occasion for Writing 316 "OS- SEC RE- ?OS -CAiWS , P If 1 J H ( I r I
SISS£LA BOK, THE DANGfRS OF SfCRETY ( 1:5SA'
EDUCATION 325 EDUCATION AND EXPECTATIONS 326
I l 316
319
Frederick Douglass, LEARNING TO READ AND WRITE 327
Pursuing a Passion: An Occasion for Writing 331 TITIAN, ADM•i AND FVE [PAINTING} 332
TIB~TAN SCHOOL. Llfl OF BUDDHA SAt.:YMliN!, II II ARI·1II\
or MARA ATTACKING T Hl BU:SSW [ PAlNTINC. I 333
Maya Angelou, GRADUATION 335
Educational Expectations: An Occasion for Writ.ing 343 SCHOr SrGREC1-1T m PR'JTE'.T [PHO~(l' 'I 'I 343
FIRST DAY OF DESEGREGATION [PHOTOGRAI'Il 343
10
CON TE NT S
Bernard Cooper, LABYRINTHINE 345
Labyrinths and Learning: An Occasion for Writing 348 ' ,_iS "PI IJTOG~APH COLLECIC. , 348
JORGE 1 UIS BORGES TrJE TWO KI uS A 'J' IE TWO LABYRINTHS
[ PARABll' 350
THE RIGHT AND PRIVILEGE OF EDUCATION 351
Eudora Welty, CLAMOROUS TO LEARN 352
Space to Learn: An Occasion for Writing 356 HASSROot•1S [PHOIOGRAPH COLL[CJ ION! 357
Adrienne Rich, CLAIMING AN EDUCATION 360
Protesting For and Against Education: An Occasion
for Writing 364 ~ 1 UDENT PROTESTS [PHOTOGRAPH COLI fCTJON] 364
Paolo Freire, THE BANKING CONCEPT OF EDUCATION 368
Alternative Learning: An Occasion for Writing 377 ~ PO':>t OF ~HE ORGANIZATDN DFI P StRING) L()t r ' [f.llS~lON STA"~H1ENT 378
THE GRIND. DEEP SPRINGS -.0'-LEGE COLLEGE LIFE
DESCRIPTIO! J 378
\'/ALT W'"W' .At•. 1Vf-!E ; 1- EARD THf LEARN'D ASTRONOMER
[POE I·', 380
CHARU:S DICK~:'lS HARD li·IES [FICTION EXffRP
NATURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT 383 MEDITATIONS ON NATURE AND THE HUMAN
CONDITION 384
Virginia Woolf, THE DEATH OF THE MOTH 385
381
Strange Beauties: An Occasion for Writing 387 MOTH [PHOTOGRAPH! 388
ALBRECHT DURER, WING OF A ROll fR [ILLLJSHV\HONJ 388
DYING FLOWER [PHOTOGRAPH] 389
Gl 0 {G!A fl'KEHE, SUMr4E':l DAY<; ·pA NTI'iCt] 389
Roy Reed, SPRING COMES TO HOGEYE 391
Bringing Nature Inside: An Occasion for Writing 394
394
ROBERT FROST, NOIH!Nu GOLD CAN STAY [POH 396
I
. lX
•
l
•
•
,
X CON TE NT S
Annie Dillard, TRANSFIGURATION 398
Conside1ing the Nature ofTransfiguration:
An Occasion for Writing 401
").L. 1 t Rf,JNAl n H A GEm />IAN [PAINTJN( 401
JqQ') • StJC:lMOT H[ f l•N PU lOt. f. A 'f 402
TENDING THE ENVIRONMENT 404
Barry Lopez, STONE HORSE 405
Preservation and Destruction: An Occasion
for Writing 412
BfWARl! ANri VANDAl PA!NI [P"OlOJ 413
DACEY HUNH:R, FOR DUf [_,ClJIIllJfil J 413
Ann ?:winger, THE DESERT WORLD 415
The Way We Perceive Wilderness: An Occasion
for Writing 4 17
I- or~J.." kt •• ,lJ 0 1~ Til[ BUfFAtO < JNN ~) PA!NfJNI 417
GEORGIA O'vr~~rr ' 'S HtJiO WH I HOL YHO K HILLS
' • r ,. .. 417
William J. Cronon, THE TROUBLE WITH WI LDERNESS 419
Calling Ourselves to Question: An Occasion
for Writing 436
I • .1 [' HOTOGRAP i 437
CHRIST AND JEANN rLAUDE, 1 I , I t Rff S [SfUif T JRII 437
11 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 441
THE SCIENTIFIC IMAGINATION 442
Jacob Bronowski, THE NATURE OF SCIENTIFIC REASONING 443
Reasoning and Imagining: An Occasion for Writing 447
LlfiNAROO 'JA VINCI VfTRlJVJAN ~1AN rl'lll' IPlliON[ 447
Will[,\~' BLAKE. GLAP fltY [PI' J~f!NI 448
GHOS 1 [ JfiOTOGRAPH 1 449
" \" ')' L!G'ITS 'Pt I I' ,R~ > l 449
Alan Lightman, THE ART OF SCIENCE 451
Understanding Creativity: An Occasion for Writing 456
456
~tOSS fJlE(KI-IER, IN <;ICJ<"'ESS A"lO JN HEAlTH (PA N 1', 457
E. 0 . Wilson, THE BIRD OF PARADISE: THE HUNTER
AND THE POET 459
Poetic Moments: An Occasion for Writing 462
CONTENT S
A 1 A HUJ-BEP-R NO TRE~ or L L ' 1-1 u " r 1 463
ARON KEESBURY, At•D EVE (POEM) 465
YANN ARTHUS-BfRTRANO, THUNDLI<S u"' '1 (PHOll 1\M J 466
llfl: (YCU:. Of- A THUNDERSTORM [Il LUSTRA HOt 466
THE WAGES OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY 468
Svcn Birkcrts, INTO THE ELECTRONIC MILLENNIUM 469
Consequences of Scientific Advancement:
An Occasion for Writing 477
.lfAN-BAPTTSTE·SlMEON CHARDIN, l.E PHil OSOPII [ ! I SAN!
[Pi\INllNG] 477
iPOD, l ii [REFORE iM-1 [f\IAGAZINE COVF.Rl 477
Terry Tempest Williams, A SHARK IN THE MIND OF ONE
CONTEMPLATING WILDERNESS 480
Act of Conceptualizing: An Occasion for Writing 485
1A. 'I ' 1·i.t?SI, d 0 Gl'l •IOH f'\ ,SCI p·Lf<l 486
LEVER HOUS[ NEW YORK C!TY [PHOTOC.RAPI 487
nA D[ ~ -·::Ass- wr::P:Nf ~··') ·1;. D \ l'H.>' 488
Lewis Thomas, CRICKETS, BATS, CATS, & CHAOS 490
Our Neighbors on Planet Earth: An Occasion
for Writing 495
"'<tNl A I kALTGR [PHOTOGRAPH] 495
l. P. BROWfR, BllTTfRFIY 1•10\fFmN I [I'HOIOGRAPf] 495
fRWfN OLM, I'IG [PHOTOGRAPH] 496
12 LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT 499 LANGUAGE AND CONSCIOUSNESS 500
Richard Rodriguez, ARIA: A MEMOIR OF A BILINGUAL
CHILDHOOD 501
The Bilingual Debate: An Occasion for Writing 509 31 J.,Gt.,AI SIG lS • Pi-10 JGRAPH L~kl!:.L .0.-1 510
rmv YORK TI! t'- .D. -IG THE BlllNG!JAl DW11, .,
[rrliTORIAI 511
PAUL lWElG, 'U ~ut" C to\ft.\ORY [EXCERPT OF BOOK REVIE 512
I .
Xl
l
• •
Henry David Thoreau, WHY I WENT TO THE WOODS 577
The Nature of Consciousness: An Occasion
for Writing 582
I
r ~ G F<A"H 1 582
b . rosm,, g, ''" H, REt<, Q(,RAP!c 582
Sissela Bok, ON LYING 585
Dilemmas of Truth-Telling: An Occasion for Writing 591 ~
-'-c-.~. 591
A 592
VALUES AND EVALUATION 594
Langston Hughes, SALVATION 595
Conforming lo Fashion: An Occasion for Writing 597 1 11 1 -r .' ~ ·iS 597
l J :• T - ~ 599
Nancy Wilson Ross, AN INTRODUCTION TO ZEN 600
Zen: An Occasion for Writing 608 I T --·
H t>i'1I R SStA -HE n [ I 609
ASl\ IACHI )N ', IN I _[!1 A -.. I" 609
PYI)f,NJI ROCK AN) SA~m ,,,...Rl1.~J I 'r' ,. ' ' ..... f 1' 1 609 •• r -r '<r <::~. ~ ' 610
\.. L.JJ.o....._ ,.;
608
Martin Luther King, Jr., LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM JAIL 611
Considering Liberty: An Occasion for Writing 622
t . 622
K
I Y • R .. S
14 WORK AND WORKING 627 THE WORKING LIFE 628
Ellen Goodman, THE COMPANY MAN 629
- . - 623
624
Conformity and the Company Man: An Occasion
for Writing 631
- "~-· O"l E A 631
R E. SO"l F MA~ I 632
..
'
George Orwell, POLITICS AND THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 514
Language and Culture: An Occasion for Writing 523
523
Suzanne K. Langer, SIGNS AND SYMBOLS 526
Branded for Life: An Occasion for Writing 531
s E • 532
CRITICAL AND CREATIVE THINKING 535
524
531
523
Ursula K. Le Guin, WHERE DO YOU GET YOUR IDEAS FROM? 536
The Strange and the Familiar: An Occasion
for Writing 542
~~' r. ·~l ~NYON TRI' ~ I ' II' FAIN IN( 542
' ' 542
Edward de Bono, ON LATERAL THINKING 544
Think How: An Occasion for Writing 553
I L •
i
556
Matthew Goulish, CRITICISM 557
554
•
Boundary Crossing: An Occasion for Writing 561
562
I I
13 ETHICS AND VALUES 567 ETHICAL QUESTIONS AND ISSUES 568
.Joan Didion, ON SELF-RESPECT 569
555
563
Respect to the Body: An Occas ion for Writing 572
' L • ; f 5 73
A I 575
lVIalcolm Gladwell. THE TIPPING POINT 709
Thomas J efferson, DECLA RATION OF INDEPENDENCE 716
J ama ica Kincaid, ON SEEI NG ENGLAND FOR TH E FIRST TI ME 720
Michael Lewis. THE CURSE OF TALENT 728
Michael Paterniti. THE MOST DANGEROUS BEAUTY 735
Walker Percy, THE LOSS OF THE CREATUR E 751
Plato, THE ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE 762
J onathan Swift, A MODEST PROPOSAL 766
Paul Theroux, BEING A MAN 772
Sojourner Truth, AIN'T I A WOMA N 776
Lawrence Weschlcr, VERMEER IN BOSNIA 778
Mary Wollstonecraft, A VINDICATION OF THE RIGHTS
OF WOMAN 786
F I NDING EVIDE N CE AND DOCUMENTING SOURCES
What Is Evidence? 789
The Uses of Evidence 790
USING EVIDENCE AS SUPPORT 791
USING EVIDENCE TO ADDRESS COUNTERCLAIMS 791
USING EVIDENCE TO ADD DEPTH AND COLOR 792
USING EVIDENCE TO BEGIN YOUR ESSAY 792
Where to Find Evidence 793
FINDING EVIDENCE ONLINE 793
FINDING EVIDENCE AT THE LIBRARY 793
FINDING EVIDENCE ALL AROUND YOU 794
Evaluating Sources 794
DOES IT ADDRESS MY RESEARCH QUESTION? 795
HOW RELIABLE IS THE INFORMATION? 795
RECOGNIZING BIAS 797
WHERE DOES MY EVIDENCE STAND? 797
WHAT DOES MY EVIDENCE HELP ME DO? 798
• -
George Orwell, HOTEL KITCHENS 634
On th e Job: An Occasion for Writing 640 ~~r T ''0" F' )GR C •I ~"~TO' 641
ST Y --r EL \"lr ···~G (EXCERPT FRQI.' ~- 642
Donald Hall, LIFE WORK 645
Defining Work: An Occasion for Writing 652 rL ~ .. "i N C. E :C OE"T ( J ~~ L" " •• J L..
W. H. AUDEN, WORK AND LABOR (EXCERPT FR0~1 ESSAY] 654
ASPECTS OF WORK 655
Ellen Gilchrist, THE MIDDLE WAY: LEARNING TO BALANCE
FAMILY AND WORK 656
652
Finding the Right Balance: An Occasion for Writing 660
WOI'W-; \/ORKING 1 .t RTJ\.IN] 661
Thomas L. Friedman, THE WORLD IS FLAT 663
The Future of Work: An Occasion for Writing 669
IND!AN rJ<PLlJ EESA ,A_LL~f\1 ~ PPOv'IO~CLSlJt•ltll 5 r orn
(PHOTOGRAPH] 669
TWO YEARS LA"f[?. L LOOKING LPHOTOGRAPh 670
T "\(';I --r- - • v \,..!._ v ' 671
Christopher Clausen, AGAINST WORK 672
Maximizing Leisure: An Occasion for Writing 677 r " 5 ·~~ • -~rs~ .~ 677 j )T l.,., .., ~ , L
THORSTEIN VEBLE1 , 1 H EORY OF TH LEISJRf CLASS
[BOOK EXCERPT, 679
ANTHOLOGY FOR F U RTHER R EADING
Diane Ackerman, IN THE MEMORY MINES 680
Roland Barthes, TOYS 689
Bernard Cooper. BURl'S 692
Brian Dovle, YES 699 •
Gretel Ehrlich, ABOUT MEN 703
E. M. Forster, ON NOT LOOKING AT PICTURES 706
RHETORICAL CONtENTS
NARRATION Brent Staples, JUST WALK ON BY
Eva Hoffman, LOST IN TRANSLATION
Zora Neale Hurston, HOW IT FEELS TO BE COLORED ME
James Baldwin, STRANGER IN THE VILLAGE
Alice Walker, BEAUTY: WHEN THE OTHER DANCER IS THE SELF
Chang-rae Lee, COMING HOME AGAIN
David Sedaris, CYCLOPS
Maxine Hong Kingston, NO NAME WOMAN
Frederick Douglass, LEARNING TO READ AND WRITE
Maya Angelou, GRADUATION
Eudora Welty, CLAMOROUS TO LEARN
Langston Hughes, SALVATION
Bernard Cooper, BURL'S
Brian Doyle, YES
Richard Rodriguez, ARIA: A BILINGUAL EDUCATION
Judith Ortiz Cofer, THE MYTH OF THE LATIN WOMAN
Judy Ruiz, ORANGES AND SWEET SISTER BOY
Donald Hall, LIFE WORK
DESCRIPTION Eudora Welty, CLAMOROUS TO LEARN
Virginia Woolf, PORTRAIT OF A LONDONER
N. Scott Momaday, THE WAY TO RAINY MOUNTAIN
bell hooks, INSPIRED ECCENTRICITY
.. XV11
Integrating Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism 798
Documenting Sources 800 PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES IN THE TEXT 800
MLA LIST OF WORKS CITED 801
CREDITS 815
INDEX OF VI SUALS AND READINGS 827
CAUS-=jEFFECT Malcolm Gladwell, THE TIPPING POINT
Michael Lewis, THE CURSE OF TALENT
···· - · ·· · --··- . .. ... ..
Henry David Thoreau, WHY I WENT TO THE WOODS
Sven Birkerts, INTO THE ELECTRONIC MILLENIUM
COMPARISON/CONTRAST Plato, THE ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE
Deborah Tannen, ASYMMETRIES: MEN AND WOMEN TALKING AT
CROSS-PURPOSES
bell hooks, INSPIRED ECCENTRICITY
Susan K. Langer, SIGNS AND SYMBOLS
Alan Lightman, THE ART OF SCIENCE
ARGUMENT Thomas Friedman, THE WORLD IS FLAT
Christopher Clausen, AGAINST WORK
Roland Barthes, TOYS
Gretel Ehrlich, ABOUT MEN
Jonathan Swift, A MODEST PROPOSAL
Paul Theroux, BEING A MAN
William J. Cronan, THE TROUBLE WITH WILDERNESS
Richard Rodriguez, ARIA: A BILINGUAL EDUCATION
George Orwell, POLITICS AND THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Martin Luther King, Jr., LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM JAIL
Richard Rodriguez, LATE VICTORIANS
Judith Ortiz Cofer, THE MYTH OF THE LATIN WOMAN
Paul Fussell, UNIFORMS
Susan Sontag, WOMAN'S BEAUTY: PUT-DOWN OR POWER SOURCE
Barbara Kingsolver, STONE SOUP
Gretel Ehrlich, FAMILY VALUES
Adrienne Rich, CLAIMING AN EDUCATION
