Gerald Ford [1]

Folder Citation: Collection: Records of the 1976 Campaign Committee to Elect Jimmy Carter; Series: Noel Sterrett Subject File; Folder: Gerald Ford [1]; Container 82

To See Complete Finding Aid: http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/library/findingaids/Carter-Mondale%20Campaign_1976.pdf

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· President Ford appeared last night\ before a joint session of the House· and Senate to present his review of · · ' In the best American tradition we U.S. forei,gn policy. He called upon have committed-often with striking; the North Vietnamese to halt mili· success-our influence and good of·: tary. operations immediately and fices to help contain conflicts and set· i appealed to Congress to provide tie disputes in many regions of the· · more appropriation for humanitarian world. We have. for example, helped'

. and military aid in South Vietnam. the parties of the Middle East take· In the world, he said, the United the first steps toward living with· one · States "will honor our commitments." another in peace. I

,- Here is his prepared text: We have opened a new .dialogue with: Latin America looking toward ai

Mr. Speaker, Mr. President, distln· healthier hemispheric partnership. Wei guished guests, my good friends in the are developing a closer relation·ship! Congress and fellow Americans: with the nations of Africa. We have ex-\

In my report on the State of thei ercised international leadership on thei .Union in January I concentrated oni great new issues of our interdependent\ two subjects which were uppermost in! world, such as energy, food, environ-! the minds of the American people-: ment and.the law of the sea. I

· urgent actions for the recovery of our! The American people can be proud! economy and a cOfuprehen.sive .l2ro-:i: of what their nation has achieved and!

· ·gra:m to make the IInjted States irufo.; helped others to accomplish. But wej pendent of forei§!n s.anrces pf energy. i have, from time to time, suffered set-'

j'. ta~k tlrn .. C.ongress for the action backs and disappointments in foreign! • it has taken thus far in response td policy. Some were events over which i . my economic recommendations. I look we had no control; some were difficul-! forward to early approval of a national ties we imposed upon ourselves. I

· '.energy program to meet our country'sj' We live in a time of testing and a 1 . long-range and emergency needs. '· time of change. Our world-a world of\

· Tonight it is my purpose to revfowt economic uncertainty, political unrest, i our relations with the rest. of the and threats to the peace-does not al· i world, in the spirit of candor and · low us the luxury of abdication or do- :

.consultation which· I have sought toi mestic discord. I recall the words of l maintain with my former colleagues: ·President Truman to the Congress i a.nd with our countrymen from th.,]. when the United States faced a far : t I t k ff" 1 'l; greater challenge at the end of the .

. ime oo o ice. t is the first pri-: Second World War: "If we falter in i . ority of my presidency to sustain and~

tr th h · our leadership, we may endanger the,

s eng en t e mutual trust and re-I f h ·-~pect which must exist among ·Ameri.f peace o t e world-and we shall!

surely endanger the welfare of this na· ! c_ans and their government if we are i; tion." i

do deal successfully with tHe chal-!: President Truman's resolution must i :·lenges conftonting us at home and!! .' guide us today. o. ur .purpose i·s not to:_ . .. abroad. . · · I! I point the finer of blame; but to build, ·'··.·The leadership of the United States?· I · upon our many successes; to repair . ··of America, since the end of Worldi' damage where we find it; to recover~ ·War II, has sustained and advanced ( our balance; to move ahead as a united · the security, well-being and freedom i people. Tonight is a time for" straight ' of millions of human beings besidesii talk among friends a:bout where we ourselves. Despite some mistakes and ii stand; and where we're going. some setbacks, the United States has U A vast human tragedy has ·befallen made peace a real prospect for us and~ our friends in Vietnam and Cambodia.

. for all nations. I· know firsthand thatL Tonight I shall not' talk only of obli· , Congress has been a partner in ·thei. ; gations ammgifoiff legal -documents: development and support of the Arner-i -who-can forget the- enormous ·sac-rf:' ican foreign policy which five Presi-! fices in blood, dedication and t~easure dents before me have carried forward. ! that we made in Vietnam? Under five i with changes of course but not. of Presidents and seven Congresses the : destination. · United States ·was engaged in Indo- ;

The course which our country china. Millions of Americans served, [ chooses in the world today has never thousands died, and many more were : been of greater significance-for ·our-. wounded, imprisoned, or lost. Over ' selves as a nation and for all mankind. $150 billion have been appropriated for j

We build from a solid foundation. that war by the Congress of the United i Our alliance with the great indus- States. And after years of effort · we f

trial democracies in Europe, North · J negotiated under the ·most difficult cir- i A!Ilerica and Japan remain strong, cumstances a settlement which made it ' with a greater degree of consultation possible for HS to remove our military and equity than ever before. · forces and ·bring home with pride our

.With the· Soviet Union we have · prisoners. This settlement, i{ its terms moved across a hroad front toward a ·r .·had been adhered to, permitted our more' stable, if still competitive rela· I South Vietn!lmese aHy, with our mate· tionship. We have begun to control the ! rial and moral. suppott, to maintain its : spiral of strategic nuclear armaments. J security and rebuild at'ter two decades

After two decades of mutual estrange- ~ of war. ment we have achieved a historic open­ing with the. People's Republic of

- China. . -- ucu1ue.

· ~ The chances for an enduring peace after the last American fighting man left Vietnam in 1973 rested on two publicly stated premises: First, that if necessary the Unted States would help sustain the terms of the Paris Accords it signed two years ago; and second, that the United States would provide adequate economic and military assist­ance to South Vietnam. Let us refresh our memories for a moment. The uni· versa! consensus in the United States at that time was that if we could end our own invovement and obtain the re· lease of our prisoners we woulci pro­vide adequate material support to South Vietnam. · •

The North Vietnamese, from tire mo.-

-- ·- -·iler ... · - ,~;--_-·· - -: ----·---~------- ---------------ment., they 'Sigried't>the ·Paris accords systematically violated the cease-fir~ and other provisions of the agreement. Flagrantly disregarding the ban on in­~!itration of troo~s into the south, they increased Commt.~ist forces to the un­precedented level of 350,000. In direct yiolation of the agreement, they sent ; m the most modern equipment in mas· sive amounts. Meanwhile, they contin- : u~d to receive large quantities of sup-/. plies and arms from their friends. I',.{

.r In the face of this situation the I United States-torn as it was by· the I emotions of a decade of war-was un-

able to respond. We deprived ourselves by law of the, ability to enforce the agreement-thus giving North Viet­nam assurance that it could violate that agreement with impunity. Next we reduced our economic and arms aid

1 to S?uth V~etnam. Finally we signaled

I our increasmg reluctance to give any support to_ that nation struggling for

I its survival. . , \ Encouraged by these devefopments 1

l the North Vietnamese in recent · , months began sending even their re- · ! s~rve divisions ihto South Vietnam .. \ Eighteen divisions, virtually their en- • ii tire army, are now in· South Vietnam.

The government of South Vietnam un­i certain of further American assist~nce r hastily ordered a strategic withdrawai. ! to more defensible positions. This ex· \ temely difficult maneuver, decided . ; uµon without consultations, was pow:ly 1

\executed, hampered by floods of refu-l gees, and thus led to panic. The results ~are _painfully obvious and profoundly ~mtJvrng.

( In my first public comment on this I tragic development, I called for a new l sense of national unity and purpose .. I l said ~ would not engage in recrimina­.: tions or attempts to assess blame.

In the same spirit I welcomed the ~tatement of the distinguished major­ity leader of the United States Senate earlier this week that: "It is time for the Congress and the President to work together in the area of foreign as well as domestic policy."

- · --· v•U· UlPlOmac -· u.u·. Intelligence capability Whil

. others increase and stren.!!then their~

The national security ;budget I have submitted is the minimum the United States needs in this critical hour. The Congress should review it carefully. But it is my considered judgement that any significant reduction would endanger our national security and: thus jeopardize the peace.

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Let no ally doubt our determination to maint.ain a defense second to none. Let no adversary be tempted to test our readiness or our resolve.. ·

History is testing .us today. We can· not afford indecision, disunity or disar-

. are more needed for the future. For ray in the conduct of our foreign af-fairs. .

You and I can resolve here arid· now .' that this nation shall move ahead with wisdom, assurance, and national unity; · The world looks to us for the vigor and vision that we have demonstrated so often before at great moments in our history.

• I see a confident America, secure in its strength and values-and deter­mined to maintain both.

• I see a conciliatory America, ex­tending its hand to allies and adversar· ies alike, forming bonds of cooperation to· deal with the vast .problems facing 1

us all. • I see a compassionate America, its

heart reaching out to orphans, to refu­gees and to our fellow human beings afflicted by war and tyranny and hun-. , ger.

_.\s President, entrusted by the Con­stitution with primary responsibility for the conduct of our foreign affairs,· I renew the pledge I made last August: To work cooperatively with the Con­gress.

I ask that the Congress help to keep America's word good throughout the world. We are one nation, one govern­ment, and we must have one foreign policy. ·

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. In an hour far darker than this, Abo

raham Lincoln told his fellow citizens: ; "We cannot escape history. We of ·

this Congress and this administration; will be remembered in spite of our· j selves. No personal significance or in.

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significance can spare one or another of us." _

We who are entrusted by the people with' the great decisions that fashion their future can escape neither our re-l sponsibilities nor our consciences.

Bv what we do now the world will kno~ our courage, our constancy, and our compassion.

The spirit of America is good and' the heart of America is strong. Let us be proud of ·what we have done and:.: confident of what we can yet do. AndJ •· may God ever guide us to do what i' : right. .;._~~;}~ :·

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··i. I pledge the· U~ite'd States to a ma- I jor-effort for pace in the Midle East- \ an effort wich I know has the solid support of the American people and • their Congress. We are now exammmg

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;. :; how best to proceed. We have agreed .in principle to reconvene the Geneva l conference. We are prepared as well to I explore other forums. The United States will move ahead on whatever. I course looks ·most promising, either to-

; · wards an overall setlement or inerim agreements, should the parties desir.e f them. We will not accept stagnation or ( a stalemate, with all its attedant risks . to. pea~e and prosperity and to our rel- 1·

ahons m and outside of the region. ·The national inteest-and national

security-require as well that we re- I du~e _the dangers of war. We shall I strive to do so by continuing to im- i pr~ve _relations with potential adver- { sarieS; · ____ .. ____ . __ . -

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. ,- • -rbr'Vnlted States and the Soviet .Union share ·an interest in· lessening tensions and building a more stable · relationship. During this process we have never had any illusions. We know that we are dealing with a nation that reflects different principles and is our: competitor in many parts of the globe.: Through a combination of firmness and flexibility, the United States has in recent years laid the basis of a more reliable relationship founded on mu­tual interest and mutual restraint. But: we cannot expect the Soviet Union toi show restraint in the face of Unitedi States weakness· or irresolution. As! long as I am President, merica -willi !llaint~in_ its strength, its alliances, andl

· its principles-as a prerequisite to a

l more peaceful planet. As long as I am President, we will not permit detente l to become a license to fish in troubled t aters. Detente must be a two-way" street. · .

Central to U.S.-Soviet relations to- . day is the critical ·negotiation to con-trol strategic nuclear weapons. W hope to turn the Vladivostok agreements into a final agreement this year at the

. time of General Secretary Brezhnev's '·· visit to the United States. Such an

agreement would for the first time· put a ceiling on the strategic arms race. It would mark a turning point in postwar history and would be a crucial step in lifting from mankind the threat of nu­clear war. I Our use of trade and economic san·c-1 tions as weapons to alter the internal ! conduct of other nations must also be

, i seriously re-examined. However ·well­, "\intentioned the goals, the fact is that

I some of our recent actions in the eco-

, nomic field have been self-defeating. I They are not achieving the objectives

, intended by the Congress. And they .have damaged our foreign policy.

The trade act of 1974 prohibits most­~avored nation treatment, credit and I investment guarantees and commercial I agreements with the. Soviet Union so I long as their emigration policies fail to meet our criteria. The Soviet Union i has. therefore refused to put into effect:

· the important 1972 trade agreement ·between our two countries.

;~,~-··A~·a-restilC''\\restern-·Eurol>e anii""fi~~-t>an" have steeped ·into the ·,breach.··~; ·They have extended credits exceeding ( $8 billion in the last six months. These ' . are economic opportunities-jobs and business-which could have gone ·to Americans. ·

There should be no illusions about the nature of the Soviet system-but there should also be no illusions about how to deal with it. Our belief in the right of peoples of the world freely to emigrate h::is been well .demonstrated. This legislation, however, not only harmed our relations with the Soviet Union but it seriously complicated the prospects of those set> king to emigrate. The favorable trend, aided by our qui~t diplomacy, by which emigration increased from- 400 in .1968 to over 33,-000 in 1973. has been seriously set back. Remedial legislation is urgently needed to further our national inter.-f~ '

With the People's Republic of China we are firmly fixed on the course set forth in the Shan.!:(hai Communique. Stability in Asia and the world require our constructive relations with one­fourth of the human race. After two decades nf mutual isolation and hostil­ity, we have in recent years built a promising found~tion. Deep differ­ences in our philosophies and social sy~tems will endure. But so should our mutual long-term ·interests and the goals to which our countries have jointly subscribed in Shanghai.

I will visit China later this year to reaffirm these interests and to acceler­ate the improvement in our relations.

The issues I have discussed are th1:. most pressing on the traditional agenda of foreign policy. But ahead of us also is a vast new agenda of issues in an interdependent world. The .United States-with its economic power, its technology, its zest for new horizons-is· the acknowledged world leader in dealing with many of these challenges. If this a moment of uncer­tainty in the world, it is even more a · moment of rare opportunity:

We are summoned to roeet one nf. i . man's most basic challenges-hunger. ' At the World Food Conference last No- ! vemher in Rome, the United States outlined a comprehensive program to close the ominous gap between popula­tion growth and food production over the longt,t'm. Our technological skµl

. . . . . .. . ..: ·:1 and our enormous productive capaciQ' ·1 are crucial to accomplishing this .tll8k.._ I

l • The old order-in trade, finance, 1

and raw materials-is changing, and American leadership is needed in the i creation. of new iI_Istitutio. ns aI_Id prac•.·.] tice for . worldwide prosperity and· 1

progress. . . · .: :; \ • The world's oceans, with their im!' \

mense r"eources and strategic impor-· i tance. must become areas of coopera~ ~ tion rather than conflict. American . policy is directed to that end. ' ' I

• Technology must· be harnessed t~ 1

the service of mankind while protect:. · ing the environment. This, too, is an arena for American leadership.

r •The interests and aspirations of th~ .. ·.

developed and developing .. nations must be reconciled in a -manner that iii,: both.realistic and humane. This is our ..

: goal in this new era. · ~

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t"""()iie 'C:ftile.·fi.iries~-succ~ss. store=: .. -·-e~·· '.''."[ .. ;·.'""-":".· . our foreign __ po~$~s{s~ ~ur coop~ "-;' ··~ effort .witli ~.!6~ .. ~Jor ener~ ·

! suming nations:·'l'ff little-more tlm:~ · year, together with our partners:

' •We have created the Inter~' l Energy Agency. ·

•We have negotiated an eme~ sharing arrangement which helm ·ti

reduce the dangers o{ an embargo. •we have launched major illtt:"".$.

tion conservation efforts.

•We have developed a massiVE"J&r gram· for the development of ~ tive sources of energy.

But the fate of all of these pro=~ depends crucially on what we .·"-' .e~ home. Every month that passe5 =:<!11;: us closer to the day, 'when we _v;-;;.: ·'it$:

dependent on imported energy rn:-~ of our requirements. A new =-'4' under these conditions would _:a"''*· devastating impact on jobs, inc.~>.'.:;: expansion, and inflation at hoIIE · :r,.':' economy cannot be left to th~ ~~ of decisions over which we tE-.-;. ".if.

control. . I call upon the Congress to a!:"_.

n a world where informa:.--tr. ~ power, a vital elemen.t of ~ur ~~..;;, security lies in cur mtelhgenc-o -"""~· ices. They are as esential to _a:-: .:.;o. tion's security in peace as ::. ~. Americans can be grateful for ~ -c;..

portant, but largely unsung, =~rz tiom: and achievements of t.hf- ~-· gence services of this nation.

It is entirely proper that thl!: -:>'.!~ be subject to congressional rey~·:."i:!:: a sensationalized public debate,,.,..-,... gitimate intelligence activitie~. -"o:«--;. .. service to this nation and a t::P.ec::.: ' our intelligence system. It ~: ~· hands while our potential en~:o~ crate with secrecy, skill anc:: -..-;:r.;-. sources. AnY investigation =i..r.· . .,,,

conducted with Jilaximum Ci:-?._­and dispatch, to avoid cripp~'""~ national institution.

As Congress oversees int-=~~: activities it must organize itel:-11'<i1"1!: in a responsible way. It has ~:.~. tional for the executive to con..~·~­the Congress through speC12.!.l· :fi';:O­tected procedures that saf~._.. sential secrets. But recentl.Y ~~ cedures .have been altered !I 0a-~ that makes the protection of .,..l:l';'.~ formation next to .impossibi~. · :~ work with the leaders of tiF: ~ and Senate to devise procedUP-".0-w-,.mi will meet the needs of the ~~ for review and the needs of llf:-~ for an effective intelligence ~

Underlying any successi~. ~­policy is the strength and cr~n:f'. our defense posture.

we are· strong and we are niit";~ intend to remain· so. ~

Improvement of relation; '~:e-~ versaries does not mean any ~ 'of our national vigilance .. On~'.G-'

; . trary, it is the fir~. m111n~'.ct: both strength ami vigilance-l:lf.~ . possible' steady.. progress to•atr ~ all~LJ!iC)te peacefUI world.. .. ..

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. .:~<~\i;i ·~:'·-i>-u1 :. ~~'.'i~~:~ t~;f;;ij~;;fu~ie~ .--. --...... ,_-'unds. Let us remember that our na·

• ·--··.-!jnal unity is a most priceless asset. Let us deny our adversaries the satis· faction of using Vietnam to pit Ameri­cans against Americas.

..,:L• AJ this moment, Mr. President, Mr. · - Speaker, this nation must present to

the world a united front.

::,l~-~:~)i~\::J-~{~~~~~~~!~}1i~i~I~~t~9;~ir(~,,:1.':. ~~~~l~~;;p:~:~.?'.~f~~;;;~--· '. -. To pool our energfj!s_o_n _the great; ,c;,:, . -At .tne same-- time, in .. Ord!!r·-Jo · :>:':,.

, new economic challeriges that face us. · strengthen the democratic governmen~ ·· .,, .,,. '! In addition to this traditional of Greece, and to reaffirm our tradi- .

agenda, there are new problems, in- tional ties with _the people of Greece, valving energy, raw materials, and the . we are actively discussing a program environment. The Atlantic ~at!ons face '\ of economic and military assistance_. many and complex negotiations and We will shortly be submitting specific

Above all, let us keep events in Southeast Asia· in their proper perspec­tive. -The security and progess of hun­dreds of millions of people everywhere

; decisions. It is time to take stock, to l requests to the Congress. " ' consult on our future, to affirm once ' A vital element of our foreign policy •

agai_n our cohesion and our .c?mm?n is our relationship with the developing !

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. epend importantly on us. Let no potential adversary 'believe

that our difficulties or our debates mean a slackening of our national will.

we will stand by our friends. We will honor our commitments. We will uphold our country's princi­

les. . . The American people know that our strength, our authority and our leader­ship have helped prevent a Third World War for more than a genera­tion. We will not shrink from this duty in the decades ahead. . Let me now review with you the ·basic elements of our foreign policy, \ speaking candidly about our-strengths I and our difficulties.

We must first of all face the fact that what has happened in Indochina I has disquieted· many ·of our friends, es-

. pecially in Asia. We must deal with this situation promptly and firmly. To j this end, I have already scheduled I meetings with the leaders of Australia, I New Zealand, Singapore and Indone­sia, and I expect to meet with leaders of other Asian countries as well.

A key country in U~~s respect is Ja· pan. The -wa.m weli:ome I received in . . .

::-;', ,:.-.: :t:_ - . ·:. ,Japan last November -~ivldly symbol~ ized for ·both our peoples the friend" ship and solidarity of this extraordi· nary partnership. I look for-ward with ! very special pleasure to welcoming the i emporer when he visits the United­States later this year.

We consider our security treaty with Japan the cornerstone of stability in the vast reaches of Asia and the Pa­cific. Our relations are crucial to our mutual prosperity. Together we are working energetically 9n the interna­tional multilateral agenda-in trade, energy and food. We will continue the process of strengthening our friend­ship, mutual security and prosperity.

Also of fundamental importance is our mutual security relationship with the Republic of Korea, which I reaf­firmed on my recent visit. Our rela· tions with Western Europe have never ·been stronger. There are no peoples with whom America's destiny has been

-more closely linked. There are no peo­ples whose friendship and cooperation are more needed for the future. For

·none -of the members of the Atlantic community can be secure, none can

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prosper, none· can advance unless all : do so together. More than ever, these 1

J~es d~and -our c~os~_,~°-~l':~,or~tion j . in ordei: .. __ .. ::-_: .. _ ,_ _ _ ... ',,''ff·~{"""- - . . ·.: .. -.1,~-e--

=f • To maintain hi~ · sur~"-an~ho~-. of our common security in this time of in-ternational riptides. •

-. · • To work together on the promi• ing negotiations with our potential ad­versaries.

destiny. I therefore expect_ to JOm wit countries - in America Asia and · the -ther leaders of the Atlantic Alli 1 Latin America. These cou'ntries must : ilnce, at a Western summit in the ver know that America is a -true and con--'' -.. _, · -near futue. . cerned friend reliable in word and _

Before this NATO meetin~, I ear eed. ' · ·:·,_11. _,:_,_ nestly ask Congress to . weigh the As evidence of this friendship, I ·. broader consequences of its past ac- urge the Congress to reconsider one -' tions on the complex Greek ~n~ Turk Provision of the 1974 trade act which · _ish dispute of Cyprus. Our forei~n pol- __ _ has had an unfortunate and unin­icy ~annot 1be _simply a. colle~tion ~ ··.}··:. tended impact on our relations wi.th special economic or ethmc or ideologi ,- Latin America where we have such • cal interests. There. must be a ~oncer JilJ long ties of f;iendship and coopera- '." f?r the o~erall design. of ou~ mter_na, ~~ ;,.;• tion. Under this legislation all me-m- 1

honal act10ns. To achieve this de.sig~: hers of OPEC (the Organization of Pe- _ f~r peace and to assure that our mdi; froleum Exporting Countries) were ex- ' )· '".! v.idual acts have cohe~e.nce~ the execu-_ eluded from our generalized system of· tive must h.ave fl7xibibty in the con- trade preferences. This punished tw:o '·~ .. -duct of foreign poh.c~ · . old South America·n friends Ecuador -1 United States m1htary assistance to - h ·Ee •, an old and faithful ally-Turkey-has -'· , an~ Venezuela, a~ we.ll as ot er O~ . . -b t ff by a t ·0 of the co·ngress · .:',::.:.· nations such as Nigeria and Indoneis1a, een cu o c 1 n · ,... 1 h · h · · t d · 1 t " This has imposed an embargo on mili- -;:;;;." non~ oifl w bic parTth1~ipa e 1 ~n has : . -; tary purchases by Turk~Y,' extending, :.·~<_- .ye~r so em ar~o. is exc us10n a~ •;}j even to items already paid for-an un- -~·- _;;. senousl~ comphc~ted o~ n~w di~ ~-1

d nted act ag-ainst a friend. -"~- logue with our fnirnds m this hemi- . ,._,, prece e - -·.. · h - •. -" These moves, I know, were_ sincerely ~· ''.::_ sp ere. ' . · -·; L). tended to influence Turkey in the Cy·:----: _, - I_ therefore end ors~ the amen~ments _, l.'j -prus negotiations. I deeply share the . , :;.•'~·- which have bee~ mtrodu~ed m the - .,· ; concern of many cititens for the im- _ ~ongress _to provide exe~u~1ve a.11thor- : . i

human suffering on Cyprus. Ii 1ty to waive those restr1ct10ns of the · :.:~:thize with the new democr~tic ·: trade a~t th~t are incompatible with government in Greece. We are contmu· : our na~10nal interest. . ing our earnest efforts about equitable.J The ~nterests _of America as well as solutions to the proble!JlS which exist ! our alhe~ are vit~lly affected by what between Greece and Turkey. But. the '· happens m the M1dd!e East. s? long ~s I -

r result of the congressional action has, the state ?~ tens10_n. continues, 1Lj been: - i !hreatens m1~1tary crisis, th.e. weaken- :

• To block progress _toward reconcil· 1 mg of our alhances, the stab1hty of !he ' iation, thereby prolonging the suffer· world economy, and confrontation ; ing on Cyprus: . amo_ng the nuc~e.ar suI>eI"Il~"Y~:~'. ;'.('!1!_~-L.

• To comphcate our ability to pro· are intolerable nsks. -<-·· _.,,,_,'. ... - •. ,_.,~,.,,,-~·.; mote successful negotiations. Because we are in the uni~ue post- :,i br~aJ~r c~~:t~e the danger, of a - -- • - :=:~:;4-;;:;~-;~~:;-_·'-"~-~ _::~·f;~:f:~if1 Tu~:/o~gs~~di~fm~~;ati~ns~~orwi~~ :.~ - tf~~~f~b~~i~ble~~--~-;a·;~~;~·~{'~~~ - I Turkey; it is clear and essential_ mu- parties, we have at their request-been , tual interest. Turkey lies on the rim of _ engaged for the past year and a half in · 1.

the Soviet Union and at the gates to · a peacemaking effort unparalleled in i the Middle East. It is vital to the secu· the history of the region. rity of the eastern Mediterranean, the Our policy has -brought remarkable southern f~ank of ~estern Europe and successes on _the road to peace. Last the collective secunty to our own secu-. year two major disengagement agree-rity as they are to the defense of ments were negotiated and imple-NATO. _ mented with our help. For the first

I therefore call upon the Congress to time in 30 years a process bf negotia-lift the American arms embargo tion on the basic political issues was against our Turkish ally to passing the ·begun-and is continuing.

· bipartisan Mansfield-Sco~t bil!, now _be- . , Unfortunately, the latest efforts to fore the Senate. Only this will enable reach a further interim agreement be-us to work wit.h Greece and Turkey to tween.Israel and. Egypt have been sus-resolve. the differences b~tween our pended~ The issues dividing the parties two allies. I accept - and mdeed wel- are vital to them .and not amenable to come - the bill'_s requirement for easy or quck solutions. Howeve, the monthly reports to the Congress on . United States ·will not be discouraged. progress towa_rd . a_ Cyprus. settl_ement. i The momentum . toward peace- that But unless this 1s. done . with . di~patch, 1 has been achieved over the last 18 forces may be set m ~ot1on w:ithin and I months must and will be maintafaed . between the _two nations which could I Th t"_ 1 f. th _U 'tea-States "f:>_.--~ not be reversed·. - - -.. --· - - - ~----·- ~'j e ac 1ve ro_ e o e. m .. _ , ,.,~ ""

_" , --·,:,;,~;~"~.-;:.·~ti:(~;·~ ~=f~~~~~~{o:!~nu~ ~=-'.i!tJ1t{ -~:·r __ _ -

~--~ --~-· ... , .... ·.: .•. --"--·-': .... · .. ·,':7'.::', .;-.cf must, of course;~nside,r'tJ;ie~~8fef I n~~~: Let us starfifresli~ · · .>k,,.:,· ... , ., '·~,_.,::; cif some 6000 .. Americans whO remain ! ~~1·· am here' fo work with the Con-! ,,_, ··1 in South Vietnam, and tens of thou \ ·. gress. In the conduct of• foreign aff~:'· : sands of south. Vietnamese employees

pre~idential initiative and the ab1hty 'of the United States Gort!rnment, 0.

io act swiftly in emergencies are essen· news agencies, of contractors and ~US! tial to our national interest. nesses for many year~ who~ lives,

With respect to North Vietll.am, I with their dependents, are m grave call upon Hanoi-and ask the Congr~s.s peril. There are tens of ~housands of to join me in this call-to cease m1h- other South Vietnamese mt~llectuals, tary operations immediately and to professors and teachers, editors and

' honor the terms of the Paris agree- opinion-leaders who . have supported ment. The United States is urgently r~- the South Vietnamese_ cause and the questing the signatories of the Pans alliance with the Umted States, t? conference to meet their obligation to whom we have a profound mo_ral obh use their influence to halt the figh.ting gation. · . . and enforce the 1973 accords. D1plo- . I am also mindful of our posture t.o matic .notes to this effect hav~ been : '; ward the rest of the worl~, and _parbc

l sent to all members of the ~ans c?n- ; . ularly on our future.relations with _th j · ference, including the Soviet. Uruon free nations of Asia. ~hese nation

I and the People's Republic of Chma. must not think for .a. mmute that th The situation in South Vietnam and , United states is pulling out on the !

1

. Cambodia has reached a critical pahs~ or intends to abandon them to aggres ·· _requiring immediate and positive deCI- sion. ·

sions by this government. . I have therefore concluded that th ._ .. : \The options before us are few, and national interests of the United State :· .);ii.me is short;. -c~ . '.' .· . and the cause of world stability re '.'::·;<~ ·;:.• On -the . one • hand, .. the United quire that we continue to giv~ bot \tlt.States co\ild do nothing more; let ~e military and humanitarian assistanc~

government of South Vietnam save it- to the South Vietnamese. . ; self and what is left of its territory if Assistance to Sot;'~h Vietnam at this it can· iet those South Vietnamese ci- stage must be swift and adequate. vilian~ who have worked with us for a. Drift and indecision invi.te far deepe~ decade save their lives and families if! disaster. The sunw I ~d,requ.ested ~~-tliey can; in short; shut our eyes and; fore the majOJ: North Yit!trtamese v.i

:~:il~;;~~;;;;.~;:i;;;;;·;~~: .. ' ;f i ~~i~t:-Paris accords with our troops and o~r: -fe~sive and the . sudden South Viet-tanks and our aircraft and our artil·j namese retreat are obviously ihade-lery, and to earn' the war to the enl quate. Half-hearted action· would be

worse than none. We must act together emy. -· There are two narrower options: · and decisively.

• First stick with my January re . ~ I am as_king the Congress to appro-quest th~t the Congress appropriat11 priate without delay $722 million for $300 million for military assistance foq emergency military a.· ssistance and an South Vietnam and seek additionalf · initial sum of $250 · million . for eco-funds for economic and humanitaria111 nomic and humanitarian aid for South purposes. · . I Vietnam. . · ~

• Or increase my requests for bot ' ·_ The situation in South Vietnljm is. emerge'ncy military and humanitaria~ changing rapidly and the need for assistance to levels which by best esh- emergency food, medicine and refugee mates might enable the South Viet- relief is growing. I will work with the namese to. stem the onrushing aggres- Congress in the days ahead to develop sion to stabilize the military situation, additional humanitarian assistance to• 'per~it the chance of a negotiated po- meet these pressing needs.

\, litical settlement between the North Fundamental decency requires 'that and South Vietnamese, and, if the very we do everything in. our power to ease

\ . worst were to happen, at least allow the misery and ·pain of the monumen-·1 the . orderly evacuation of American tal human crisis ·which . has befallen

and endangered south Vientamese to the -people of Vietnam. Millions have ··.·1 . places of safety. · . fled in the face of the Communist on·

Let me now state ·my considerations slaught and are now homeless and des-and conclusions: · titute. I hereby pledge in the name of

I have received a full report from the American people that the United · · f] Ge [F dJ w States will make a maximum humani-

[Army Chief of Staf n. re e- tarian effort to help care for and feed yand, whom I sent to Vietnam to as-sess the situation. He advises that the them.

· \ current military situation is critical, 1 I ask Congress to clarify immedi· but that South Vietnam is continuing ately its restrictions on the use of U.S: to defend itself with the resources military. forces in Southeast ·Asia for available. However, he feels that if ·1 the limited purposes of protecting there is to be any chance of success for , ·:;, American lives by ensuring their evac-their defense plan, South Vietnam ' ;',_:·-.\. · uation, if this should become neces-

. • needs urgently an additional $722 mil- sary. I also ask prompt rev.ision of the. · uon in very specific military supplies . '··. law to cover those Vietnamese to from the United States. In my judg- ~.:· j whom we have a special obligation and

"'- ~ment a stabilization of the niilitary sit- i .- -'.-° whose lives ·may be endangered, ... uatio~ offers the ·best opport. unity fo.r' '. . should the worst come to pass.

· · ./ I ·hope-· that this authority will neve~ ..... !.l..P~.!J-~c.al solution. - --· -' · be used, but if it is needed' ~ere: will

·- ·; ;---· ., ·" be no time for congressio~_\iebate . .--C''

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·' ·.~:-7Be~aufe ~i~t~~~~~i~!Jfif~~~\f :!~lion, r ·urge ,the Congress to. complete · action on all these measures not later

than April 19. · : In Cambodia the situation is tragic.:

The United States and the Cambodian! government have each made major ef-i forts-;.over a long period and through! many channels-to end that conflict.I But because of their military suc-1 cesses_. steady external support, and American legislative restrictions, the Communist side has shown no interest in negotiation, compromise, or a politi-

i cal solution. , I · And yet, for the past three months ; the beleagured people of Phnom Penh I have fought on, hoping against hope

1,1 that the United States would not de­

sert them; but instead provide the I · arms and ammunition they so badly

·: need. l · I have received a moving letter from ! the new acting President of Cambodia.,

1 I Saukham Khoy. ·

! f ! !

"Dear Mr. President," he .wrote. "As the American Congress reconvenes to !

reconsider your urgent request for l supplemental assistance for the Khmer 1

1

Republic, I appeal to you tci convey to the American legislators our plea not

- to deny these vital resources to us, if a ·nonmilitary solution is ~ emerge from , this tragic five-year-old conflict. .

"To find a peaceful end to the con­flict we need time. I do not know how much ti~e. but we all fully realize that

• .. ·,the agony of the Khmer people cannot and must not go on much longer. How­ever, for the immediate future, we need the rice to feed the hungry and the ammunition and weapons to de­fend ourselves against those who want to impose their will by force cif arms. A denial by the American ·people of the means for us to carry on will leave us no alternative but inevitablf aban­doning our search for a solution which will give our citizens some freedom of

· choice as to their future. For a ·number of years now the Cambodian people have placed their trust in America. I cannot believe that this confidence was misplaced and that · suddenly

·America will deny us the means which might give us a chance to find an ac-ceptable solution to our conflict." ,

This letter speaks for itself. In Janu: ary, I requested food and ammunition for the brave Cambodians. I regret to. say that as of this evening, it may .be too late. • . ·. . . · ~ Members of the Congress, my fellow • Americans-, this moment of tragedy for Indochina is a time of trial for us. It is · a time for national resolve. .

It has been said that the United States is overextended; that we have too many commitments too far froni home; that we must re-examine what our truly vital interests are and shape our strategy to conform to them. I find no fault with as this theory, but in the real world such a course must •be pur­

. sued carefull and in close coordination with solid ·progress toward overall re­duction in worldwide tensions. ·. ·. · :· ... •·

We cannot in the meantime a•bandon our friends while our adversaries sup., ·

_port and encourage~theirs:-·.We.~CBJlllot dismantle .our defenses; QUi\.',i:UI)IOmacy or our iiltelllgence ~!Q>·J)lUtY,:s"!hile

. ;.others ·mcreaae .. and streiilrtheli _ttieirS.: _ '<:.- ;~- . .-. ~ -~-.:._~*.: ~-~~~~-~~" _:: --J :-- . _ _,_ ..... / .. ~.~:~·Ji~·:~~-:~

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/ I . .. --. /

THE WASHINGTON POST /11onday,1Uar(:h24,l?75 1 A 3

'76 Campaign challenge to Mr. Ford ''is a feller as having .a potential to possibility, but' a challenge to undermine the President's po. Rockefeller is. even more litical strategy. . · · likely." .. . . _ _ .. , . "If I were them (at the·

He suggests that one form White House), I would be far ' this challenge might take is more worried !lbout t}le right · for conservatives to pressure wing than I think theY are," ', the President to throw the says one respected GOP · pro­vice . presidential nomination fession.al. "It's not a serious

\ open to ttie con.vention, pre- challeMe Jo. For~ .butit r.eally

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sumably in return for conserv· is to his Vice Pre~ident. And ative support for his own nom· that's •a threat to the unit:Y:,of

. ination. - • · : _ - a patty that only . has 18 per . · It Is precisely this prospect cent of the vote and can't af­~hat alarms other Republican ford to split. If I were them, l

,,..;~t profes~ionals •. who see the con· "'.'ouldn't wa~te any time get­\ -<·.;. seryattve antipathy to Rocke- ting a campaign together.'.,' \ '7 ,;. :_:~c-- - -______ ____:_ _______ -------------------

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11 President Plans to Establish Com~~~t'lA~l<J)

PRESIDENT, From Al \run" in New.Hampshire'spri-1level," says one party. chair-1candidates in Kentucky_ and;to give some thought" to theltime, Laird believes, . . .... . . . mary. m~n, "the ~~ly people we find' Mississippi. The President also nomination campaign. He said I cour~ge a. challenge· be a senous question whether Mr. Ford has said repeat- doing anytmng a1·e conserva- will continue lo make that campaign matters had .

1 f'.res1dent o~ the Re1

he Was th chol·ce of ·the Re· edl st tl at th. R tives who would prefer right. Be thmks that . ·. e • Y. mo recen Y e e- ,, speeches at regional confer- "kind of gone by default" up " Id l'k t ·" b· bli I t 1 th 11 publican leadership confer· Reagan to Ford. wou I e o run .· .. ru .. cans, e a one e co n· ence in Washington on March . ff . 1 d t ences, yt~ere he. invariabl~ to now. . do ~o if the econc:ll~;I-'. s ry. . • · ' 7, that he intends to seek elec· , ~ost party o icia s o no_ ~eets witn state an~ local off1- "it's just been a neglected rbe in reasonably good ~

One. Repu1blican chairman in tion 'bY working through the oeheve that Reaigan coul~ sen- crnls froln both parties. , area," Byrnes said. "The Presi- Some other Rep!-lblic. a major state thinks Mr. Ford Republican National Commit- ?Usly challenge _the ~resident "We're trying to find if the dent has been· trying to be pect the conservatives' risks the possibility of being tee rather than a nonparty or· m the GOP pnmanes. They rbully pulpit (as Theodore Roo- President and get that under to. ch~llenge Rockefelli "seriously embarrassed?' by . a ganization. are concern_ed, howev~r, _that sevelt once called the control. But if you're going to mm~ti~n._ h~wever. . challenge iit the New Ham.p· . . · · !.fr. Ford Will ?ecome mciea~- presidency)" can be moved be a candidate-which I'm Mississippi GOP ._Ch, shire primary next March 2, 1~ 18 ,generally agreed at the mgly less cre~ible. as a ~andi· around," Hartmann said. ·sure he fs-you've got to get it Cla'.ke Reed, w~o · ha! especially if. the economy re· White House . and at the na- date_ for elect10n if he s1mp~y organized." urgmg c?nservatlv~s ti covers more slo\vly than the ad- tlonal . committee, hoy;eve~, ~ontm_ues to rea~nounce _his Although lJartmann is des- duct th~1r . campaign~, ministration expects. The chair· that this would be possible, !f mten~10n t~ _run w1tho~t domg lgnated as . the presid_e~t!al By~nes himself_ is a likely the Repubh~an ~art.YY; ma.n compares . the situation at a!l, ~nly after Ml'. Fo~d .s anything v1s1ble about 1t. . . counsel_o~ with re~ponsibih~y cand1?ate. to p_res1de ov~r that! than out of it, bell~~~~

. with the 1968 Democratic pri- no~mation by t~e conve~t~on. . . . . for pohttcal operations, he 1s organization, m the view of ,......_. · · N · · ·H h' h National Comnnttee Pohtical PresidentiaLmtimates give under no illusion that he is his friend and former House 1 '

:~~ter1~an.!:1.:..i:· ~o~~ Director Eddie Mahe points esse~tially two rea~ons for Mrd. the President's exclusive ad- colleague Laird. However, sev-1 \.: '._(; ·. . • · · · out that both the new cam- For~ s rel_uct~nce . to s_µ~n viser; eral Republicans say Laird '· · ' mg '~f · ,Eu~ene . McCarthy paign law and the "prac.ti(!al much_ of his time on pohtlcal . . . . himself probably will wind up \\1.,t

. ;=P~ ~iden\ti!tohnsonlet~ dictates of politics" make an questions. . "'.1'~1s whole place i~. full ?f as chairman. . . · · . ·; ,e llgam · .·~ · g ree c outside committee a necessity: . pohbcal counselors, sa'.id . :t10~: ·. ! .· ,. . . :o i ... · • ·. I . , •• • · . T~ey s~y he has been preoc· .Hartmann. "And he's his own Laird does not rule out thisr

. :& nia·tt· ers now. stand, the :But the. s. can .. d~ls assoC1ated. e~p1ed w1_th the ~onomy a~d best counselor." . possibil. ity, and he wants to as·.1 cbalienge in New Hampshire with th~ .Comwttee ·~or t~~, wit~ f~eign developments m · '· · sist the Ford campaign. But he :prqbably W:Ould be· a water· Re-election ~f the President 1n .the :M 1 de a~ it, Europe and A_mong Mr. Ford s clos~st said it would be impossible for I .testing effcirt'by arCh~conserv~ 1972 ~ave prompted Mr. ~ord Sou,theast :Asia'. A~d they say adv1~ers are two former Wis- him at this time to head such

. ative Gov.' Meldrlm. Thomson to move extremely cautious~y he a~so is convmced: t~at cons1~ memb~rs of Congress, a committee under terms of I rather than a direct Reagan in setting up such a commit: Americans." are fed. up with Melvm R. Laird and John W. his contract with Reader's Di·• ·· h · U : · . ·• ... : . . tee, according to White House conventional partisan politics Byrnes. B~t~ are members. of g t f, ~. e~ge'.;1-. ;~ .. ,J.,:, •.. ,; .... ,.' · ·. officials. · . ··.· and will judge him solely on the "Tran~1tion G_roup," which es · ''.···~Otn~: 'Ct)ns~rvllti~~ think . .. · · • · · .. ; O performance. · has_ met four times at the Laird has obviously been do-) .t'1at tReagan would Jump into · W~ ne~ a committe~ a~d " , . · . · White House since Mr. Ford Ing a lot of thinking nbout the 1

'.iubsequent priinarles if Thom· there .s gomg .to be ~ne, said H~ s Just gomg .to d? the became President. a paig however He be-.· · · d ; t · · · h · one high-ranking White Roust best JOb he can as President ~ m . n, . ·

;son ml\ e a s rong s . owing. At official. "But the memory of and hope that the best g6vern- . Other me~bel"s of the group ltcves it will be necessary to the very le,ast, they say, con- CREE h . t od . . . b . r , " include White House chief of set up as many as 15 state .servatives would be.· encour- . P a~ .m ! ·· uced a. cer-1 ment also is the est po itics, staff Donald Rumsfeld sen committees before the conven· ~aged to challenge the nomina· t~m paralysis mto _the s1tua- says_Rob~rt T. Hartma~m, the Robert P. Griffin of Mi~higan· .tion with a national coordina· Uon of Vice President Rocke- hon. . pre~idential .. ~ounseloi. _who Interfor Secretary Rogers c'. tor. He thinks the President's feller at .the Republican con· This paralysis has alarmed a I ovei sees pohtical opet atwns. B M t f "'h'te first step will be to form a fi. . . . . or on, ormer .. 1 yention. number of Republican offi. Nevertheless, Hartmann House adviser Bryce Harlow, nan~e committee outside the -~:. On Frida New H · h' clals, who point out that Mr. also says the Pres~dent. ~ill former Pennsylvania Gov. Wi.l· White _House th~t could prop. :State GOP Y, cbalrma!m~~;;e Ford says m s~eech after he gra_d1;1all! step \IR his pohtical liam S~ranton · and a new- erly ra.1se campaign money un­·coiton' said .· President ForJ speech that he intends to run activity m the months ahead. comer, former _Deputy Defense der te1 ms of the new law. . . '.faces an, "aln:iost insurmont· for a full term~ . Among his p1·obable· plans,! Secretary David .Packard. These outside committees\ ·a~lt!, ;j*l:>'.'..)n seekin.· g re-elec. "Then when we· 100~ ar?uild said Hartm~nn, are campai~ns .· Byrnes said the consultant can tic forniecl In plentv rof tion;JAci~;will "almost have to at the state orgamzat10nal for Republican gubernatorial group rccommcnrlc<I tn ivr.- .,... ... • '

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~~Fi6~d'<Setto.·.ct~at~#~i · ·. Pmiti~az cafutfiiuee .·. For··'76 Calnpaig#;

·' 1 ;·By Lo~ Cannon. 3•a4f .. ,> ':

. . Washlnirtori Post Starr Writer ·:. $" , President Ford will organize a political committee . ·

, outside the White House to rim his 1976 campaign 1

1, for a full term, according to presidential jlitimaies. . '. . T·hese intimates say such a committee is likely to

\'.;.,:be ,set up ,at foast for ~und-raising purpose~ bY, July .·

1 '. 1 and .~nnounceci·~before that .. date. Th~ .. need for a ,

;•.'.:new committee already ,has been (jisctissed by ,Mr::· I

/ 1Ford· and member~ of his"Transition Group,": atcir~)," ;-,.cle of friends an~ 'advisers that he.peri~ically.he1~·: i: :·:met. with ,si~ce becoming Pr~sident last. ;<'\ugust, ,; ·. ·. ! .

· 1,U;'·,,, ,so~e niember.s .~f thi~.gr()uP ,~~Here that. a .. ':'i~~l}Ie i'.'.:' : > .'.comrruttee, at least to secure Mr.· Ford's: nommation,': ·:· ''\:·is. iiecessa1'f ;to . head 9ff I>r~1tritlniiry '.prnailiZ~tion~1 · ::·:; ~;:.1~ff~i:ts l~ .~e~~)f1.?f ·(Pf~,e~,,9<?yi:·Jloqa_I~,.,ll~age1n._Qf ";:_· ·,",Califorma.:, : . ... :.·1 .: .1. ·.\<· ,-:1J .··.;: ···.! . .,,.·.·: .k· ,•.· j\~,. Other presidefip~l, is~ocia'.t¢8'' apd '.Vai-i94~ 1 Republi-/ .. , ::';/~~ qf~i~'ls . ~~~ "~mp~tient 'for:\' ar- . ~v¢r~· campaign (·effort to· get'',under way. They believe that Mr. Fqrd , . ;; \ v:aslly und~rra~es ipe 9°~P~eicitie~ of forpiillg :.~· poli~ ; \ '.)1t1ca11orgamzat1on under the new campaign law and : · :.MH~(Jie:_ a1~0 un.deresHrnat~s 'me,: prosp~cts)>f Cl: ,~on~: · -

1; , .. ··servati\le (!'hallenge withi~ ltisi~wn party;;, 1 '.,!: ) (·t· . ~."I'~~ )?est ·thi~g_rt~at 1, could. llafuien t~ Fotd would ,:/~};~ ,£W1H.eIJ.g~ ~n~, l1. campaign1 in th¢ primaries,", A, said· on~, Rep4):>li~an, ~official. ~.'Othenvis~;. he's ;nomi-'·. nated,J1everJ1aving·rµn\for ~riything ,bigger.than · c

:> congtessman from Grand Rapids. There would .then l

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\~···.~.' ... ··.:~.:.'.·.i_ .. : .. ; .•. ·~.·,· : . :· ':. . . '·. . . I See PRESIDENT, A3,' coi. 1 ' . : i' : . : "·>:;. '. .... , -1...,.l!-_.. ___ ~_~----~~~--------------,..;...t~:~.··,·,_,::.~.·;·.·~ .. ··.~.'.r·:,';_ .. ·_~.~:.'.'.~,:~.·J~l - ~-·- ._: ____________ , __ ...:....:--.:..-- ., r,.w: .... t~::.;.·,,

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The Preening·of the President-for Television ·. seated along each side Of· two decades ago. Ford hired

By ANDREW ~J:.ASS the table, Behind them, re· :· M~a~. ; s1ght , 1lll~~~· ; mainly . .,------~-. ~---. porters wHI occupy chairs because Mead had ~arned •

WASHINGTON,. D.C. placed in parallel rows fadng ' reputation as ll savvy profes" . At the Preside"ntial press the President. At least, as sional dunng the Nixon pres• conference scheduled for to· of ' this writing, that's the idency Jn a five-year ' ~tint

· morrow evening on the Notre novel plan of Robert Mead, as White . House producer . Dame·campus in South Bend, . the 40•year"old former pro· for CBS News. · Ind., TV viewers will discover · ducer for CBS News who for During 25 years .i~ Con·

Gerald Ford seated at the the ~past seven months has grei;s; Ford was ra,ted by head of a rectangular confer· had the· job of making Pres· the Suruiay network inter­ence table. chatting in a 're- !dent Ford look good on .tele· view shows as a bottom-of~.·

· taxed and informal manner vision. the~barrel Choice. He was with about a dozen reporters Mead is the first profes~ . passed over because produc~

sfonal television expert ·to ers thought his blBnd man· Andrew Glass {3~·.na.tional serve·. 'in th~. White House n·er-which·. never.varied, ··on

.. correspond~nt for Cox News· since Robert Montgomery ad· camera .. or off~made · for papers. , . . . .. .. .· vised ·President Eisenhower poor tel4:lvlsiof1'. Moreover, u

· .. · ;, . \¥:·fr~f'.:·./.;j!'.~:.:(~;f~:.'f.J~N}t ·· '.. ;

a politician .who:: generally weekly '.!leteVised news oon· · preferred quiet compromises ference . .from Capitol Hill to fiery controversies, F<>rd popularly known as "The Ev rarely m8.de hot news. . and Jerry Show.~· When the

Ford's TV exposure was · film Was edited for the net· therefore· largely limited. to . work news, more often than hometown appearances on not Jerry was left lying on WOOD~TV .· and WZZM·TV . the cutting room floor. The the NBC arid ABC affiliates exp~rience hardly prepared in Grand Rapids, Mich., · Ford for 1ilte relentless fervor which is ba~ically a :tviO-sta~ . with which television covers tion TV market. For .some . a President's every public years,•Ford also playe9 defer·· ·move. entlal straight-man to the . Ford aides say 1ilte Pres-flamboyant Everett McKinley ident appreciaites having . a · Dirksen of illlinois, the late . professional TV producer at senate · Republican·.. leader. hand and follows Mead's bid, Dirksen joined F()rd in. a Continued on Page 29

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.y7axrasrs _3? .... · ,,,. -____ ... ~ ... - :s:~f;:s~:~?fft_;:;~~-~~-~_sW_r~.·~f;_tiF_:;~z~.~~.r_~f.:L ____ -.' ___ -__ ··_·_~ .:.· .. ·. _ .

--- ··- ---·-- -.;;~'-·-----'·~-.----~· ·~- - . -- - - --!'. · d1tlgralthough he refuses to · '.-~ "·~:~O P.M; <'speech, Mead \ : :~ made-up. (Once, before · · '"pointed out; would be the 1

joing on television, Ford ~- . ··oeSt .. oet.for the telecast · ':' :J<half-jokingly laid ~ut all the if it were to· be on Tuesday, ··:~'))':ties he owns on his forearm Jan. 14, because that time '.:;'-"'";'.'so Mead could select the one . slot would put Ford on just ;

1 :; be thought best suited to before the 8:30 ABC and NBC

the occasion.) , movies. However, if telecast "It wasn't easy for . him ion Monday, the 13th. it

In the library speech," Mead ; ~uld be better for the Pres-;;.c\;;recalls, referring to the Pres- J !ident to go on at 9 P.M., -·· ·iaerii's Jan. 13 nationally

televlised "fireside ·chat" on his economic and energy pro- · ; becallSe the Smothers Broth-

.. posals. "He had a tough time. ers were pl'Elllliering llheir After all, .he's 61 years old. show at 8 P.M.

. He'd never done anything The President agreed ·to . like this before. Later on, the 9 P;M. appearance on . ·.·we· were. told that he had the 13th and .suggested that

· :: '81:4 million people watching he speak from tihe family . ::'''''him, which made it the sitting room on the second :~,;,i/)!:11-time highest ratiilg of any fioor of the White House. \;; • -:Presidential event." But Mead objected because r•.· ··· · · · · · · that would have meant run-! . : .As a TV program, the library .\/' speech was planned down ning cables up the stairs on .;:<."to t!he smallest detail, includ- . short notice.

. :•::2:.Jng the non-crackling log, Not long after, however, ·;:.;':r::iiia.de of pressed sawdust, Mead did use the family ! · burning tn the fireplace. quarters: an hour~long Pres-

Mead readily admits that idential interview with NBC 1 · Ford taped and retaped the . anchorman John Ohancellor

25 · b d b f 1 and Tom Brokaw, the net-1 . -minute roa cast e ore work's .·White House corre· .

rented · C!!S cameras over a period of four days, and _that s?ondent. the prompting system used As air time approadhed just by the President-when he prior to the Chancellor-Bro-finally went on "live"~ar- kaw interv:iew, the NBC })I'O· ried, not only the text of ducer asked permission to

"'"~'; · ·bis ·remarks but also such move the fUmiture around. . {f ' Mead-inspired directorial in- Ford and Mead talked it over iz;] .· structions as "stand up," "sit - while technicians were :;:;:-:. down'' and "change camera." adjusting lights around them

• ~\(~:t ..-..: hu evtt...., . :'l:lS~~~'. ~i ' a '.teleprompter as effectively 'her bathrobe. They decided

:;~;:: as, Ford did in that speech. that the viewing public Mead . had obt<sined a re la- should see the first family's

: tively new device, known as living quarters as they. really are even if they make a

. - ,·- ,,_·,---·· .. -

ingly orcheStrated by Mead, also marked something of a turning poimt in Mead's personal relationship with the President. But tlhere is more to it than merely Ford's gratitude for. Mead's techni­cal prowess. A veteran White House · reporter describes Mead as "quite a loosey-. goosey guy." The ~porter meant that Mead Is the kind of fellow who stays cool in a tense situation and can also be a good c0mpanion on a night out on the town.

·For hits part, the President seemingly likes to have a few "loosey-goosey" people around him, particularly when he ·relaxes.

set, as well as those of a few top Ford aides, are also wired into the same special channel.) Military technicians assi~ed to the White House Communications Agency maintain this ·highly exclu- · sive TV reference library. . They produce just about the only tapes being made in ' the White House these days i -except for thOse that Mead 1·

himself records whenever he rehearses the President prior

1 _to a major TV appearance. /

Behind Mead's desk, i ·wedged between a standard I government - issue American I flag and a sign that proclaiims I Mead to be "TV Adviser toi the Free World," are a banki

• of three black-and-white sets : \ Dan Rather, a CBS White that continually monitor the ' ·;,

House correspondent dUring Washington outlets of the -~ · · the N~on years who has major networks. "You never , since moved to. New ·York, know when something bia · :J says of Mead, "Bob knows may pop," says Mead, 8JI ,j everybody in· .the business · affable chain-smoker · with . :;; from the jlinitors on up .. and the rugged good looks and ;;~. this gives ihim a tremendous easy manner of _an ex~actor, ~~'.-f edge." (Last July, Rather was . which, in fact, he is. The )~ best man at Mead's wedding,. daytime game shows .··and ":::J " which took plaoe-.-at what soap operas flicker away as ·\• was then tlhe Western White Mead. proceeds to tell a visi-'. -~~0• House-a few hours after the tor how he goes about shap- -Supreme Court had ruled that . ing the TV image of a profes-! Nixon inust surrender his sional•politician who, before .... ·the VPS-100, from its design· poor stage.

· '1,7;]'·:: ers, Q-Company Industries of A few minutes before each - tapes:) . Watergate, never aspired to ·

A& TV adviser t:O the Pies- be President. In· <tlbat, u. in ident, Mead commands the many things, Ford differs fanciest TV set m the White . from his predecessor,

New York. This new tele- televised press conference, prompter allowed the Pres- the President goes to a "hold-ident to ·look stralight into ing room" where Mead gives the cameras as he read his a final check to the Pres-

:.; text, which was magnified ident's appearance: tie onto a two-way minor di- :c: straight, hair combed, etc. i rectly in front of the lenses. · It is also Mead's job to grasp ' (A similar mechanism is also Ford by the arm, open the used by Walter Cronkite, d d h · JI thrus who, like Ford, is near-sight- •; oor an P ysica y t

him out just as the announcer .ed and has trouble with con- . says: "Ladies and gentlemen. yentional · teleJ)l'Olllpters.) A the President of the United full week before the p·re- States ... State - of - the - Ull!ion speech : The speech in the White was aired, Ford and Mead i began experimenting with House library, so painstak-the VPS-100 in the White

. House library. Lacking , si)eech material. the President

House complex, an enormous "Richard Nixon," says stat:e-of-llhe-art console that · Mead, "knew just enough quite outshmes 'the !even-· · about the way television inch Japanese model that his works to hurt him." To iUus­boss normally watches. It sits trate, Mead recalls the even-in the old Executive Office ing a . gold drape was hung ' .,,,, Building, . displaying color behind Nixon's desk in the · ". bars that dissolve ,..... on Oval Office in prepantion · .(/~· Mead's· instructions - into for a 1V speech. Evidently, -:'";; videotaped replays of any the former president, ever !~~ news or public affairs. p~ cultivating his hrulge, : ~tf~ gram that engages his- inter- thought the gotd:n backdrop ' ~$. est. (The President's smaller would add a desirable touch , ~0;:~

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read aloud newspaper articles that: had been typed up and put on the teleprompter.

· Mead reviewed options for the library speech with the President as they watched

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the Superbowl game-On 1V -on Sunday, Jan. 12. An

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-The most -.noui' '~~~ .i Mead has made to diatle .was'.::!tl 5uggest:ing· that the Pr8sldeat . · '.!. invirte the working-level ~ ~.) dueers 'of the three netvtmk" •. ~~ ·evening -newscasts ~- la;nch;_ :'; Within days, all sorts i:Jf' '·;-.

·•·. •-' ::;::>"''1':•:'::7?ff::-r·~-r....... backstairs jockeying __ ensued.'.~-- ,.~ · ! over ·who should at.· should--·· r

' - ' - not eome. In -the end, the_ ~:r.' of pomp. Unfommat.ely, an affair turned out to be more .,q

home screens, t!te · -gold of a banquet far the bmad~ .'i,! turned to beige and the beige casting tndustry than the m-_ -':.. "melted" rlght into Nbton's. tfmate parley that Mead. had heavily made-up face. Mead,; originally intended. To make peering in before the telecast: things worse. the Washington

· on hl:s CBS monitor, thought: .network bureau c:hlefa WeN , the effect looked "absolutely: -·- ' pained over being excluded.;·.i --awful." However, by the time: from 114\ event that brougM . ~ · he was able to reach Ron planeload! of executives"'•.• Ziegler to warn him of the ...., · - down from New York. •' '~~ hnpending disaster, it was: .,.,."".".'-!'~~,.','!:S,~.;;;f} - · , .. ~;::i too late to remove the of- j;_·~:.~:'~?~~\.f~ .. 1~' . ~.,_ ~ -';:c • '''''.Co'j

f din dra. - .-f;..J_,.-_:;;·,,.<~-"'--;:; .. _~ ,,_,....._ 'tt· ' ' . . ' '"8

en · g pe. ;,~-.;.. ~~; .0~;-:r~,...;.'.?.~. ·-- -~"- •.: ,. • ., --- --~\, - Jmt is Ford ts slowly pin- .H Nixon and his tap people ._~'T~-1 did at dit'ttine got ~7,.t, '~;. 1q c0nfidence on TV, IOirn

knew v_ery little about :V (''"'~ tuted with the roclL .,.e;:;~_,Jb - ( - Mead is teaming things hi : ~ - production but w~ unwfil- • _ - So I decided if I wu IOilll ,;~ , never knew aboUt haw the. ll:

mg to trust outside experts .., to be a new~ 1:WOIJld-..:ii :_ - network top brasl operate.·•• wlho did. No one accuses (;er· ~:~ ao where the news wa. 'f• "" i : Neither man ts afraid Of trY.'"" I! 1

·aid. ~ord of_~ under &ft came to Wuhingtml tn 1964,'~:! ~;,. tngnew things..For eK&JDP1'--~·~ a smular affliction. · :f';~·'., went· to watk tar. the CBS . _ ?'C Ford had the news c:ozifer-. J

"He's an easy man to work ~.-Bureau as a .producer Ind {; ences In the White 11ouse·•I - with," Mead says. '11e wants ,;if i ~for 10 years.• , ' : .. _ __ -_- f', Eait Room physically tmned --~ ··to team new things. Up lD11il ir.-_; r:_: . On t!he . nlg11t at Minn'•., :r _ ~! iuOund to face the odter way. r now,he'salwaysbeenasec- ·i''::_reslgllationspeeeh.MeadWU ,, · ;:iVlewerS at hoine are ~-;.'i ond banana." ; -~,< uJr.ecl by the FoJ'd,t:nmiUoJI_ '--.·~!-!!. · .\~-:-;-·-ab.le to see the hallways Vi.',:,.)

Mead got into television : -·'team "'1ether he wanted Ubw · - '"the F.xecutive Mansion. ra1h-· !:

I ' as a 19-year-old drama major : be thfi White Hotise TV advll.- ., ; ·« . : )' er 1':lan take the ~~ ~; ·-' at the now-defunct Jordan . _ er. "! was making l!)Od mon-~·ud. L. ; Nl)C>Jters that the Presi ......... • .

- .) . ·College Or Mmic In hJs native ~j:'.'ey at CBS an!f ~~ ~ t.o\;:~ ·1:. ; iln't. si)eaking from fust an~;:::. ,

··1~: ~: .. '.J~anapo.Hs. While preparing -~;: :·:.take a cut tb came to gcnrem- :.ti• .·· · .. other TV studio. ·. .: · .---~;;· .. ·:for an acting career, he - ~;i Jment. rm told t1HJf bid *""''-' ( Ford Im also held an out-"

earned $36 a week as a boom ~·- ' i. •• n... '~t 1 -·door news conference in die ~ Ji ,_;candidates. Inc • ......,..~ some-. 111 \ ' ..._ ,) -operator and camen.man at. i' · pretty heavY people m . ~.~.) i Rose Garden. Just before ....-~ J:r. a local station. AttN graduat• -~~,:--·broadcasting· lndultr1 •. 'Ihes••it -· _ -·~ time. aides wamed the Pres- ' Ing, he worked as a radio .~;;: -President,·mmm I _bad :;:·;:J_-. ·:1: ldent thdat hisedv01out·ce "!!5 ~~ :'~ disc jockey in Mt. Vernon,_ "' . met, Who really kiWJW ... ,,w··. , . tJ) be rown · .,, ~ .. 1

m .• without, however, losing ~::, Ing abOut me. chose me osri _<'. - .:.:'v:i· planes taking off_ from n~ ... l. his desire to go on the stage. K · · ifie basis of •my professional!: i: r _ '!< by National ·Airport; When-­By 1959, Mead had moved ~: qualifications .. That ~ .. ~~~ · .•~ ~suggested that~ on to Miami as a 1V announ- --._,_ me very much and I decllf~ ~-I. <. fl)ghts should be. smpended cer, but then decided to try i _· to accept." srn .. • _ ;--;:_ ~the next 30 mumtes. FO!d- ·-

' his luck at acting in Holly- • · · --·--· · laid no. " y;_,;.;;r - wood. "So I went west-and · :"<Mead recalls that Ntxoi(~ . pumped a lot of gas." -had _ operations at· NattOnaJ.,0

Mead found a few small - - halted while his daughter nt..oa 1V parts, but, after a. year, -.;;$':-··eta exchanged marriage vows~" he gave u;p and returned to " with Edward cox tn the Rose .. ~ Indianapolis -for more radio - - ·; Garden. '·Apparently; Nixoli

01:

· and 1V announcing jobs. - • • didn't want the noise Of j• -. "But I couldn't adjust to the - - '\ engines to mar tapes of the•c· fast. paced screaming and . -. .c ceremony. "This President :IS~ 1

yelling of the rock era," he · a different sort ~ mat.'.• 'f; -says. "Evoen the newscasts - ·_ -\ Mead says. "He· would nevei·',

f _ do anything like th~t." at ~-. -- I ·-- ',\ ;i,

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T .4 • U ,:JI' . II ~S! 'f~i',;i~. ! }';;;c,,~;~.§:~ .. ,;,J;~f r:lf j~~' ;~ .. :'">NEW YORK., Feb.'·. fa ~. · he feels ~~re. at 'home iil '. :',•

.. :·President Ford apparently his job." , . . :_,:>};.)~ : .... · -·~>t;;. ., ·scored points in Will Street There 'Nere only_t\V'C) points:;;?

in the 20-minute address<';-~ ··today, but they were more· when Mr. Ford.received ·ap._-:c-.:; ;:1or himself than for his anti- plause from his au.di. en.· ce. -~.:; .. "' t;recession and /enP.rgy con- · · · · One was . when .he said un· ~~

..r~ servation . programs. . . ' employm_ ent is .. · "the · .. biggest ~c~: .. · Mr. Ford's-ap' pearanc.· ·~ be- · · ...

concern ot the~ 8_.2 , per . c~n.~ ;;..<io ·"fore the New York Society . of the American. workers..;~ · of Securities Analysts-be- temporarily, Qtit :of: . work; ·,~:!1-lieved to be the 'first public . but inflation is the Universal<.:,:

' appearance by a ·President enemy . of 100 ·~per cent of. 2 . ~?n~:~ t~~an~~~g:~:~ni~ our poe1>l,e.". :'~-'~ \? .'.;, ·,~c;::J

George Washington in 1789 . The other ,applause; came_'.:':; brought cheers and applause when he said, ''.We must not ·::• from the 585 analysts crowd- fight recessionary problems·:~·~ ed irito the meeting room with inflationary cures." In.,~·

.. ·and nearly .1,200 '0U1ers who ·flation . has long . been. · re~;~ watchM on .: closed circuit garded hi Wall Street as the .· ~-television. ·-" ... •< ·''· . chief cause of the long mar-'.. . - After thtl '.~eech>hough, ket decline. ·:; :. . ":' ::';~ .

. the analysts said. the Presi- <.'David Rockefeller, chak·· .' dent' had presented n6thing nian · of··. Chase Manhattan ; . new, although jle did give · Bank, said after the speech' the impression that he in- 'he thought it was "good·~· tends to fight for his pro- and that" "it is te'I'l'ibly lm~·,• grams. ·:;;.."' _;;". ·· ,,. · .:' :portant that we have a pack.::; - Francies Stone, of M~rrill, · :age deal ~nd not run'helter.:-;: . Lynch, Piere~. Fenner and "-skelter with the three. prob-... , Smith, Inc.;.said: "I. 0.hought le.ms referred to with"irifla- ·;~ he did a fine job of prom;it- tion, recession and.energy.".~~­ing h~mself. I.foun~ it in- R_oc~efe~ler~ _who s11t .. :W~th :.t) terestmg watching him han- . 'digmtar1es m the ·front row; '·°"­dle the whole. problem of' added: "While I.might quar- :I,,

· .. his relation with Congress. rel· with·' .one. or ~nother "~ But. there ·wasn't. any~hing Dleasure, it ls constructive." ::m

I. new. in the speech." ·.· ...•... A't the.other. end;' Bruce E.~

I . At several points in his' Cunningham, an an~lyst at.·:!~

speech, Mr; Ford urged the the Ford Foundation; said"~-': . analysts to pressure their. -he felt t!le speech was "basi· .. :Z ':):epresentatives in Congress· '(~ally a: repeat." Cunnln..gham '.::-4

·to -either support his reces; · said, "He's trying• ~o 1 put'~~ 'sion and energy plans or pressure on Congress. ·w:~ come up with one of their_ was more political than ariy-~~, own. At one point, he waved . thing new or revealing." - · · 0

a copy Of the four-page bill, · , John '\;:V e S t e'r g ~-a rd of'.~ pa~~d by. tbe House and .Questrion J::orp., an. invest->:·· pe~dmg an- the Senate, · Dlent counse.ling firm;;sald,.:l ·· whi7h would ~uspend the "I. happen tQ believe.in lhe>::J

' · oil~ impP.rt tax _mc~ase f~r : p. _rogram. I~ makes · sehse."):itt' . 90 days I and said, Our bill. "'· . '. RO'bert H. Stovall. or Rey, :tl _ran 167 pages. It would have . nolds Securities one ·of. tbe:~~-bt;en bettl11' if Congress had , pre-selected q u~'e s Ho n ers;'.;;;, · taken th~1~i.ve ~-eeks.·[since_ .. said, "nru~ :he n)adei fot:~ •.·. the admirustratlon b!ll \\'llS -;of friends; lie· has a liiee viav ' · b~~Pg;e~~mti·u~.~~th0~o~~~-:;.'.f~~~tn~i~~'.,~Y.~ihitt~::e~~'- -~ thing bette~·'.' :~:'~".:::::"'':.:·:. >:-.Tbey haven't been flattei-e~!!i . ~ur E.. ':Gar.1Son· of:Firs_t . : :~§)1. lorig. tl~e:"')·~~t'.~' :,:!:it~~

N:iµtqnal qJty-c;J~ank, . presi.- r.. · After a sh~rt question· a11iI;~ dent ·of the ·analysts group, answer . session,. Mr. Ford~ said be w'as''"delighted'thlit' '.'-left to .get' ready for"a din-';~ he·· came." Carlson aqded, . '. ner.. this'·. evening. ·A 1 an·~ "He sounds very sincere Greenspan, chairman· of. the·~ and r think he makes a council of economic advi- !'! good. case, but I didn't see sors, and . Federal Energy ~ . much new in the speech." Administrator , Frank G. ~ · i

The same kind of reaction Zarb-both .pf "them former~· came from Ernest ,iI .. Eaton, members of ·.the. ,N_ew· ... York ;,.., : who has. his own firm. "He financial community "---. "1 puts a lot.more strength .be- answered ... ~~~-,.number_ . of~ hind his. points than: I real- technical' questions f,rom the:~ ized," Eaton said. "I think analysts. · · .'

-~---~. --......... ~. ' --

Thursday, June 19, 1975 THE WASHINGTON POST

/ , ---.---r f. ~-

Metro: Ford Hit By SJ1!al.l.. Firms

The Washington-based . National Small Business Association said yester· day that, while Presi· · dent Ford promised small business owners . Tuesday that he would · help them, his admini& · tration is "guilty of di· rect attacks on small , business and favoritism to large, integrated chain· ·stores and discount houses."

The group said the administration has call· ed for repeal of tfu'ee ·. laws. two permitting· states to adopt fair trade· regulations and one for­bidding wholesalers· •to : give arbitrary discolints fo large retailers. · ·

The repeal of' t h es e laws would "cause havoc -in the small business . . w.orld and will result.iJh ··the death of thousands of small businesses .. ·:n· · the association said in ··,t· letter to t h e . White House.

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·~ord, ·Working At It, Makes i, ·

Veto Stand Up .. . De~ocrats in the Hou.se ~f R ... >;·;:

·' sentatives lost a critical pol"ti' lepb'~JM t1~th i ca at-· , ... - e most Important of th .:· .. :; · accord.in . e year, . g to the. leaders . of both· ·

parties-when they failed to' ov .d· .. · Presid t F · , ern e . en ord s veto of a $5 3 b'll' ... ; .. bill "~ · · . · - i ion wcreateGovernmentfinanced. b ·.!:

The d~eat, . combined with the ~: ocrats .earlier failure to· faslii' . ': energy pro h . on an ett gram, as clearly strength-en Mr. Ford's position vis-4-vis Con gress despite its hea\.y D . -majorities. emocratic .

On tlhe face r it th · should h 0 • e Democrats . ~ve . been able to pass a bill·

that P.rovided money for 900,000 'obs·, at a time when almost 9,000,000 l er­~s thare Hunemployed, Democrats ~on-'

e ouse 289 to 145 than the two-th. d , one less ride . If s necessary to over- .

a _veto, if everyone followed the party !me. Usually they are aided votes from liberal Rep bl' by '· · u 1cans In this ·· instance, the legislation also had th , ~;~ng support of the Speaker Car~. sho~rt. f ~t the Democrats wer~ five°

o e necess_ary two-thirdS vote· What happened? Most! ; . . .

behaved a ·r h' . '!• Mr. Ford

1 s 1 is prestige were at

~sue, though that was hardly the case given the De , · . · • mocrats . numerical f.trength. He personally cafied Repub-

ficans and Southern Democl-ats asking . or votes. '

.. ,. Tne A11minlstfation aiso argued the ·' merits: that the bill cost too much and

that the public service jobs and cor­struction programs it provided wot\ld not substantially reduce unemploy­ment before the recession had run its course. Mr, Ford's economic advisors predicted ·two weeks ago that unem-

. ployment, which was 8.9 per cent in April, would "peak" by summer at a Utile above 9 per cent and then start beading down; they expect it to aver" .• age 7.9 per cent in 1976-about twice/ the rate that, just a few years ago, ,

1 •• was considered "acceptable." . f· I

tf:;-:-: .. The Democrats have argued that . : :•· any fur\Jher unemployment ~ould. only

add to the Federal deficit. Their. con~ tention has l:!een that a 1 per cent In­

. crease in unemployment costs ·the · Government $2-billion in compensa7

· tion and about $14-billion in potential ·~ income tax revenue5. . . ' i ', , However Mr. Ford's lobbying and' arguments prevailed. When the bill was_ first passed, 48 Republicans :voted for ·., it. In the override vote, only 19 op­posed the President; 22 Democrats re­jected their leadership to vote with Mr. ~ord. . ·

I · There is some doubt that Mr. Ford . .i would have prevailed had the White j, · .. House not agreed to support a meas-.. • . ·w-e introduced by Republicans that ·

will include several provisions from the Democrats' bill, most notably pro­grams that cover summer youth jobs, public service employment and sup­port for work-study programs for col­lege students. The summer jobs pro­gram is expected to generate about 800,000 jobs, although only for a nine. week period. Excluded from the Re­publican legislation is $2.5-bil\ion in funds for public works as well as pro­grams covering loans to small business.

The Democrats will have to back i the Republican measure or push sep­/ arate bills of their own.

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'~nergy BJdget St~p~: Up , . Syntl,u~Ji~ fl!el ResearcJl<

By Tho~as CrToole - Typic~l of the new- emphasis on· en: Washington Post Staff Writer - « .. :~- .· ergY is the. plan tO construct ·-·a giant

Nowhere in President Ford's frrst plant to demonsrate- how the sulfur--~ budget are the nation's problems and fumes can be removed from burning·, priorities clearer than they are in: en- ·. coal before they get out the smokes, -ergy; where billions ?f dollars wm be tack. No site has been chosen for the spent exploring new ways to_ beat the plaht, but the- United States hopes io : worldwide rise in oil prices. - . --- have the plant producing a sulfur-free -.

Jn fact, the Presidentspecifi~ally,or- heat from coal by late ·1978>-Its cost: . -dered that new federal programs for - $166 million, $91 million -o.f-It o corrie •- ,, fiscal 1976 be restricted to energy, No from federal funds. -- - _ _ _ _ federal agency was authorized a new While ERDA's prioJ:ities still reflect start unless it was in energy-not even-- · .strong ties to the now defunctAtomic the space _ agency, the traditional' Energy Com~ission, its most, persis• -leader in exploring new technologfes tent push will be to develop a syn~ . and starting new programs t~. exploit _thetic fuel from coal. The program to -them. . ·-• .~- - c :produ~e _a _-liquid f~el from coal g:ts 1 -

The spa::2 agency's single new trust $97 .nulhon next fiscal year, an m:- -. - is in finding ways to reduce aircraft- -crease of $43 million,

weights, so the nation's fleet of 2,100 Programs to pry __ a synthetic type __ o[~ jetliners can fly on less fuel. fl'he space natural ·gas from coal.begin rising too.-agency is hopeful that by 1985 it can going up from $79 million. to more pare enough weight from the jetliner than $94 millfori: The pfan-tciheaf incf

·.fleet that the· nation can save as much , cool buildings using the sun's energy --as 350,000 barrels of oil a day, a saving goes to $21.6 million from $11 million. that would mean $1.3 billion a year in All solar programs leap from $8.7 mil-today's dollars. lion to $57.1 million,_ a jump -of more -

Almost all the new programs come than 551 per cent. -.: ·• - .c ,,_ - _: •--. -

under the aegis of the new Energy Re- The development•·of atomic' energy search and Development Administra~, - goes right on under President Ford. tion, whose first budget of $3.9 billion••' "His first budget requesfa $L634 billion, is $800 million more than was spent an increase of $313 million.: The pro­d ur'.:-::; the present fiscal year on simi-__ gram to produce 'pOW{!r from thermo- .

Jar energy projects. · _ nuclear fusion rises to $120 million ERDA, as the new agency is being from.$85 niillfon; despite forecasts that

· - called, is an amalgam of the Atomic fusion will not contribue one kilowatt • _ Energy Commission, the Interior De- of power for atleast 20 years. .

partment's Office of .Coal Research "This budget reflects a judgment," and Bureau of Mines, the solar and said John Teem, associate- administra-geothermal energy projects of. the Na- tor at ERDA, "that the fusion program tional Science Foundation and the au- is very much a part of the long-term tomotive research done previously by energy goals of this country.'" · the Environmental Protection Agency. -Despite the delays , it has - encoun-

Under ERDA, all the w-ork done by· tered, atomic energy is .being. <\otinted these energy agencies is being stepped - --On-for-the fuw-e. . ___ • -. _ - , · _'. - ·· up. Nuclear research and 'development· ERDA has be

0

en -- given: more than ,is going up to $3.44 billion, an increa_se $205.million this coming fillcal year to of almost $600 million. Fossil fuels. re- begin construction of new plants to en'.-search goes to over $34-0 million, a rich uranium to make electricity. The jump of $130 mi:llion. · • cost of these facilities eventually ·will

EP A's old task of improving auto en- be $780 million. . - . ___ , gines moves up from. $5.5 million to $8 So clear is· the sudden' emphasis•();): million. The most dramatic increases _ energy th~t the new .ERDA will spend .go into work to produce energy from --, almost 60 per cent of:its money on en- . the sun and the earth's heat, one-time ergy research. The-. old Ate only in ; provinces of the NSF. _Those will-get'- tlie_ lilst few_yeais_spei:iLup to 50 per _ ~ $91 mililon from ERDA; a staggering cent of- i_t_s __ budget .Qn .. energy,.~tbe.rest -$166 million, $91 ,million of it to. come _ -going to nuclear we_apons~:InJntDA; 40 '! rise of 727 per cent: - per. c~e} is on weapons.· <;-::,_c( ·~ - __ {~;, --. :· ·-

-: -- ' ~--~;;: _::~:,;:~-f~i::~::~~j,;;~~~~~±~~i/irt~~;t:::£:~~;flj~.:\:- ·"

am

NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, ]UNE',_1?• 197~-

i FORD WOULD SHIFT -URANIUM INDUSTRY TO PRIVATE HANDS

I

Aides Say He Will Ask End to the Federal Monopoly

of Enrichment Plants

3 FACILITIES TO BE KEPT

Staff Officials Foresee Wide Economic Effects, but

Others Voice Fears

By PIULIP SHABECOFF Special to The New York Times

WASHINGTON, June 18.,.­President Ford has decided to ask for legislation to allow the_ · production and sale of enriched uranium by private industry,. White House officials said to­day. -"The production of enriched

uranium, used to fuel nuclear. reactors, is now, by law, a Government monopoly. Under -Mr. Ford's plan, the only three existing production facilities would be kept in Government hands but all future enrichment

, plants would be built and oper-: ated by private owners. -• The White House officials de­: scribed the President's decision as_ momentous, saying that it had far-reaching economic im­plications. - Several nuclear policy ex­

perts on Capitol Hill, told about the decision, said that the transfer of enriched uranium production to private hands would raise disturbing questions ~bout security and safety~ --

After some internal Adminis­tration debate, the President decided to propose retaining full Government control of the existing uranium enrichment facilities at ·Oak Ridge, Tenn.;_ Paducah, Ky., and Portsmouth, _ Ohio, the White House aides reported.

fully 'Booked' .•- ~

. But the total capacity of these . facilities has been fully "booked" - for the foreseeable future, and it is estimated · l:iy the. White House that a capital investment of about $30-billion for new facilities will be needed to meet the growing demand for enriched uranium over the next , 10 to 15 years. · -~ Enriched uranium Is ·created ; by increasing the_ proportion of ; the easily fissionable isotope U- -

1

235 in uranium. At a higher level of enrichment than is 'needed -for reactor fuel, the-_ metal can be used as the basis of nuclear weapons.

President Ford has deter­mined, the officials said, that the capital investment for new facilities should be borne by private industry rather than by_ the Government. The President was also said to regard the entry of the private sector into nuclear - fuel production as a way t_o reassert strong United ,States _influence over _world : energy prices.

Now, as in all the years since World War II, the United States is by far the most dominant factor in the ·nuclear fuel field in the non-Communist world. But France and West Gennany, among others, have developed their technology to the point where the United States no longer enjoys a monopoly.

There has been increased in- -

Continued on Page 62, Column 5

, . • •""• '" "a•,~·~?"rT~ .,.""·---~ ... -•.]"111'~:·•.'':"'" '"'"•~ ~ •""':•-•r•,~-· .. •-.,••-~· • ' ·:· .~~·

Ford to A. sk a1{E nd to-Monopoly-; - In Output a~d Sale of Uranium

Continued From Page 1, Col. s in~ny instances of companies! being unable to account for

terest in nuclear energy since quantities of n~clear fuel. · . the foreign oil embargo and the . But t_he __ White House off1-deepening of the world energy c1als said Lhat t~ese concerns

_ . were not appropriate. The Gov--cns1s, and de'!1and f?r nuclear ernment, they said, would still , fuel has been mcreasmg. exercise control over the ma-, ! The Energy Research Devel- terials and impose safety stand-· opment Administration has re- ards. They noted that the three ported that United States ex- existing facilities wer~ operated port sales of enriched uranium under contract b~ priv~te con­were $421-million last year and cerns that compiled with F;d­are expected to reach $5-billion eral standard~. . _ . . _ over the next five years. _ Th~ . Admin1strat1on . aides

Domestic demand for nuclear also ms1sted that. the privately fuel is also expected to rise, owned pl~nts would not ·have making enriched uranium pro- the capacity t~ produce weap­duction seemingly a major on.~-grade _uramum. - - " growth industry. . There 1~ ~o real p~oblem,

According to a White House ~aid on~ off1c1al deeply involved source, at least one consortium, m the _issue. _ -. _ _ .­Uranium Enrichment Associ- . Somi: Ad~1mstrat1on off1-ates, which includes the Bech- cials. 1~cl_uding Secretary of tel Corporation and the Good- State K1ssmger, reportedly had year Corporation, has expressed e:"pressed. ~oncern over the c~n­interest in building a plant for tmued ab1hty tc;> meet ~omm1t­the production of enriched ura- ments to _ foreign ~at1ons to nium .by gaseous diffusion with- supply ~nriched uranmm should in the next eight years. Other pr!'.>ductio!l be turned over_ to

/companies are reportedly con- private industry. But _these sidering construction of plants doubts were apparently ·_re-for the more advanced tech- solved. . . nique of gas centrifuge produc- . To attrac_t private mvestment tion. ,. _ . mto. th_e field and to assur:e

The Bechtel-G_oodyear con• contmmty of the sup~ly, Pres1- ! sortium has reportedly taken ~ent Ford reportedly 1s propos- 1 ail option on land near Dothan, in~ gove_rnmental guarantee~ ta, Ala., and has taken steps to- private mdu~try. If the ennc~-1 ward acquiring the large sup" ment op~rat1on _owned by pri-

1-

plies of electricity required for vate business fails, the Govern­the gaseous diffusion process. - ment would b~y the plant 8.!ld !

1 The White House source said meet all commitments fo'. sh1~-: that the consortium envisaged ments unde_r the Pres1d~~t s I a- large facility •about ·the size plan, according to one offic1aJ. 1 of one of the three existing en. The pl~n would also assure/ richment plants. Such a fa- that th_e investor r~cove~s full cility would cost Close to $3- equity 1f the operat10n fails ~orl billion the officiar said. -_:_ reasons that are not the m-

• . • . -<- vestor's fault. -Fears _Voiced m Capital -------- -

- Several staff officials on Cap. itol Hill sate! today that the entry of private industry into

; enriched - uranium production could pose serious dangers.-

One worry, they said, was the possibility that uranium of . the grade needed to make weapons would fall into the wrong hands. -- They asserted that while it ·was_ difficult to enrich uranium to. the point where it could be used as. a nuclear fuel, once it reached that level it was not difficalt to­enrich it further to higher, weapons-grade levels. ·

These critics also' said that the_ safety record of private in­dustry in -the nuclear field was questionable. They pointed out, for example, that there were

~ . ., - -- - · ' 'and. 22 Democrats joining 123 .

I,.· O~. ver·r· 1· d.. . e. . :~~~~~~a:5ii::ub~~:!~: v~~ : for. the bill when it originally .

I passed, which means the ' White House switched 30 Re• .

D f · · · d' publicans after the veto. · e ~eate The only Virginia members voting to override were Demo-

Veto Upheld By 5 Votes In the House

By Richard L. Lyons . Wasllinston Post Stlj.ff Writer

crats Joseph L. Fisher and Herbert E. Harris. Maryland members split largely along party lines, with Republicans Robert E. Bauman, Marjorie S. Holt and Gilbert Gude and Democrat Goodlove Byron vot· ing t'o uphold the veto.

The House has tried to· over; ride two vetoes this year, and

The House failed by a. has lost ·both times. The other five-vote margin yesterday was a bill to raise farin price

i supports. Democrats have de' to override President Ford's ; layed until next week a vote veto of the. $5.3 billion jobs : on the stripmining bill veto,' bill 1 · that ! which also appears likely to

-a c ear sign the : fail. Last year, with a· smaller 2-to-1 Democratic majority i Democratic majority, the

; in the House hasn't pro- /House voted to override four : duced a veto-proof Con- of eight Ford vetoes on which· !g·ress. they took a vote, but. each ov~

I erride vote was on a program

"If you can't win this one', popular with both parties; you can't win any of them," such as veterans' benefits. . Minority Whip Robert H. Mi· The President had com-

"j chel (R-I!l.) told Democratt plained that the public service :just before the vote. · · . jobs and various loan and con-, It had been widely assumed · struction programs would not i that if the House were ever to pr,ovide real jobs in significant be able to override the veto of : numbers before the recession · a controversial bill it would be is over, and that the expendi.;. this. one, which would have tures would simply add to the·

, provided money for 900,000 deficit in future years, · ... ·

, ~J':k w;~: ~~~~io~a~re~~it:J . :.~.·.l.:r;~·neficus'"~o~·t_ cre~te ·job~ :.1· by Rep. George H. Mahon (D- ·. {}lep. Jack Kemp (R-N.Y.) ~- · Tex.), the t:onservative chair- ·; gued yesterday. man of the House Appropria; ) . "May?e not," retorted Rep. i tions Committee, with the all- · :·Jim Wnght (D-Tex.), "but un-: out backing of Speaker Carl <employment creates deficits." Albert (D·Okla.). /It is estimated that each 1 per

But the vote yesterday was 277 to 145 to override, five short of the two-thirds vote re-· quired by the Constitution to force a bill into law over the President's opposition.

.: After tne vote, the Presi· dent was quoted as telling the Cabinet that it was "a very

. significant victory" against ex-

1

ce. sSive gove. rnment spending; Overriding the veto "would

• have opened the floodgates;" Mr; Ford said ..

He said "the next big one'' . will be next week's House at­; tempt to override his veto of I the bill imposing environmen: ~ tal curbs on stripmining of . 'c.oal.

The jobs vote was a big win for the President, just back from his trip ~o ·Europe, and another frustrating loss for

; House Democrats, who can't I seem:; tO get their. thing to-; '·gether despite their huge ma~ · jorit'y. A shrinking but still significant gl"oup of Southern

. conservative Democrats vote ; with Republicans against big , spending. ·

;,,¢ent increase in unemploy: ,·~nt costs the U.S. Treasury :.;.$16 billion in lost revenue and ·";increased welfare costs. f · Speaker Albert made one of '7:his rare speeches during de­. : O.bate, saying: "I plead with the ;;House to show we are the leg. ,;jJslative body of the nation."

· ;~/'·House Republicans, wbo ~(.Started opening their periodic.

·_";,/,;... .. -· morning conferences to the

public as of yesterday; , heard Minority Leader John J. Rhodes (R-Ariz.') report that

, Mr. Ford had called him ear­lier from Air Force One on a

,flight to West Point com­! mencement exercises to say he ! considered this "a most impor-i tant vote." · , I If the veto were overridden, I Rhodes warned, the adminis­tration's attempt to repair the economy would be dam­aged and the tiny band of House Republicans would IOse monientum in - their drl~e, backed by presidential vetoes

I to stop Democratic spendini.'·''

Teat" ~oos, ne said, is thr~ugh the private sector of the:econ-omy. '

Rep. Parren J. Mitchell (D. Md.), black member from Bal­timore, said: "The guys I talk to on the streets at night don't understand this gobbledygook about waiting a couple of years for the private sector to _pick up." ;; Rep. Phillip Burton (D­Calif .), chairman of the Demo­cratic Caucus, warned Repub­licans that "If by November of next year our people are not put back to work, there will be. a lot of jobless on the mincir' ity side of.this House."

Rep. Donald W. Riegle Jr. Michigan Democrat who came to Congress eight years ago as a Republican protege of then­

. house Minority Leader Gerald' : R. Ford, called the President's action a. "heartless, head;fo.. the-sand veto."

Democratic National Chair­man Robert S. Strauss issued a statement saying, "President Ford and the Republican lead­ership have made their point ...;..they think 1976 presidential politics comes ahead of put­ting people back to · work. • .The economy may be getting better on Wall Street, but it is: not getting better in the work­ing class neighborhoods 0£ this nation." · .. i

WAS~ING TON POST TAursdar, Junes, 1975

·.i. ·'- :-·~--~ • - •. ·.':.·, ••••• -- • .. -< :··~~..,,,..\' -~ -· -~.r:··.

Se~ Blrc.h Bayh (who stopp~d a.~vEI cam-, i palgnlng · after-. poor showings ln. .-, ; sachusetts and New Hampshire). form£?' ,~ Oklahoma Sen. Fred Harris, . Idaho Sen. :: Frank Church (who will announce his can­didacy next week) and West Virginia Se~. :·; Robert C. Byrd (who has limited his cam­paining to his home state.) '. · ·

The outcome established Carter as the only Democrat who has been able to beat • Wallace decisively in a Southern presi· dential primary. The tenacious Georgia ., peanut farmer campaigned in the ·state throughout 1975, but steered away from • predictions of victory after Jackson ~ showed strength here. :

Crippled by an assailant's bullet two •. months after his strong victory in the 1972 ~ , Florida primary, Wallace, 56, drew disap- • pointing crowds at first this year, but by ! late January, he picked up steam with: old-fashioned rallies in packed halls. · ~-

He insisted that he was healthy enough to be President and warned his audiences: • "They're trying to ·get rid of your voice"- =· which was to say, himself. .

"If your voice is gotten rid of," Wallace ' kept saying, "you're not going to have the ~ influence that you otherwise would." ~

Wallace, however. was hampered by the ~­lack of an issue as hot as the 1972 Florida <· controversy. over school busing. :~

The state's political arithmetic also has c. changed considerably since 1972. · ::

Then, Wallace got 41.7 per cent of the - 1•

vote against 10 other candidates, most of -~: whom campaigned actively in the state, ~­fragmenting the anti-Wallace vote. ";

The primary was a winner-take-all prop- ~'. osition and the Aabamian captured all of ;;. · the delegates to the Democratic National .­Convention except for the few in a lone :: congressional district that supported Sen; •' Hubert H. Humphrey (D-Minn.). --~ '

This year, of the 12 Democratic cand- " dates on the Florida ballot; only Wallace, -~ Carter, Jackson and dark-horse Shapp ~ made serious bids. New Democratic Party .,., rules also hurt Wallace's prospects by giv- ! ing a proportional share of the state's 81 <> national convention delegates to each can- : dic!ate getting 15 per cent or more of the ! primary vote. · "

Considerations such as these t>rompted ! Jackson to make a major effort in the ·· ... state, committing close to $300,000 to a .-.·~ media-h~avy campaign. .,·,.. --~

Said Jackson campaign manager Robert 11,

Keefe of the 15 per cent rule: "It's crazy ·• and inequitable and we're trying to take .·::.~ all the advantage of it that we can." ·· · ~·

Jackson had seemed destined at the out' . ·• .. set to run a poor third, perhaps not even -~:

:O~~ ~~~~e~3~~a;e!nc~!~207~! :i:~~:e --~ Democratic vote. · . -•~

But his improved speaking style plus hiS .­victory in Massachusetts a ·week ago pro- ••~

fi~::~ :!~.t~a~I'n~~~~r:~~rt~~~-;~ug: i ter. ·: · -;.:. ;.,

He accused the former Georgia go~er~ ,, nor of talking out of both sides .of .bii; : mouth on a number of issues, including .• , the location .of a proposed solar. energy ···~ center that Cape Canaveral wants il'adly. . · 1i:

.. :~·.· __ ._:·~~~~:~~~. - ._ ·. . . ··~:· .. :;· .... :

"ForO and. Carter: Are W-inners •

Ill

Florida · Priµ1ary \1 Wallace Second

By George Lardner Jr. Washin::tton Post Staff Writer

ORLANDO, Fla., March 9 - Jimmy Carter upset Alabama Gov. George C. · Wallace to v.in Florida's Democratic pres­idential primary today and strengthen his

· claim to the party's nomination. -Carter, the former Georgia governor

wh·o promised the voters he would never tell a lie, took a solid lead in early re· turns and never lost it. He was beating his Alabama rival even in such traditional Wallace strongholds as Leon County (Tai' lahassee) and was holding his own in other areas such as Duval County (Jack· son ville). ... For the wheelchair-bound Wallace, the defeat could be devastating to his career of "shaking the eye teeth of the national Democratic Party." ·He won the Florida primary handily four years ago and had been widely expected to win it again, al· beit by a narrow margin.

With .94 per cent of the state's precincts reporting, Carter was leading with 35 per cent of the Democratic vote to 32 for Wallace.

Sen. Henry M. Jackson of Washington was running a strong third with 22 per cent. The only other active candidate here, Pennsylvania Gov. Milton J. Shapp, .and Rep Morris K. Udall of Arizona got about 2 per cent of the vote each, a worse showing than the "No Preference" line on the ballot. · 1

· With 94 per cent of the 3,420 precincts reported, the totals were: . _

·- CARTER 4-19,25G or 35. per ·c·e-nt . ·;WALLACE 381,154- or 32 per cent

.. ,:JACKSON - · 2'71,008 -or 22 per cent· ·:. NO PREFERENCE 35,939 or 3 . per cent

SHAPP 24-,963 or 2· per cent · UDALL 24,689 or 2 per cent

- Thanks to the proportional representa­·- ~~ion required by Democratic Party rules,

___ Jackson was running very close to Wallace ., ,,JD.::number of .d.elegates. to.4he July. Demo- · _, -.eratic National Convention.

>Projections indicated that Carter would get 35 of Florida's 81 D~mocratic dele­gates; Wallace,.26,. and Jackson 20;

: · :.Carter said, "l think it's obvious that our success here in .Florida against Gov.

see DE!\IOCR.ATs: Ato, Col. 3.

I Wallace, who carried the state in 1972, ls a major step forward for us." But he said he didn't think the Florida results took Wallace out of the presidential race.

Keeping a stiff upper lip, Wallace told a crowd of about 2,000 at a union hall in Countryside. Ill., a Chicago suburb, that he considered the second-place showing in Florida "a splendid vote in a state that's a highly cosmopolitan state." He predicted he would pick up "a flock of delegates" in Illinois next Tuesday.

Wallace had publicly predicted victory here. His press secretary, Billy Joe Camp, told reporters in Illinois that the gov­ernor was obviously disappointed at the outcome.

At a press conference after his Illinois rally, Wallace protested that the press was constantly trying to write his political obituary. He noted that he had come out ahead of Carter in other ·head-to-head con­tests this year-at precinct caucuses in Mississippi and South Carolina and in last week's Massachusetts primary-and discounted any notion that he was slipping.

"So far, we're garnering a good block of delegates," Wallace said. He acknowl· edged, however, that he thought his con· finement to a wheelchair has had an ad· verse effect on his campaign.

Carter said at a press conference tonight that he would fa~e Wallace- in Illinois, Kansas, Virginia and North Carolina over the next few weeks. He said three battles will provide "a much clearer test" of Wal­lace's standing.

Asked whether he considered himself a frontrunner, Ca1·ter said: "I don't see anyone ahead of me, but we still have a long way to go."

Then, with his whole family lined up behind him, he said of his victory here: "It's not only a sign of a new South. It's a sign of a new American." He ended by predicting enthusiastically, "I'll be No. 1 on the first ballot" at the July Demo· cratic convention in New York.

Projections of a Carter victory by net­work television shortly after the Florida polls closed touched off howls of delight in Carter's suite at the Carlton House inn here.

Carter's national campaign manager, Hamilton Jordan, let out a Rebel yell and he embraced Betty Rainwater, iin

assistant press secretary. · Carter arrived at the suite shortly be·

fore 8 p.m. and said, "It's hard to believe." He looked over the results from Tallahas­

see and called out happily to his wife: "Hey, Rosie, it's 53 per cent in Leon County." ·

"Unbelievable," she replied. "Oh. ·­so beautiful."

Smiling broadly, Ca!ter creclit;,: victory to superior organization, g\n!. vertising and the pesonal cam11;;::·~ he and his family conducted. But ;,; careful not ro read too much i;;:.: success here.

Referring to his fourth place fir:_:.: Massachusetts a week ago behind ,., son, -~dall and Wallace, he said:

"We found out following Massacht:;:;;~ that a success in one state does no: --. cessarily carry over to another one." ·: ter, who won the nation's first pri::.;;,_­Feb. 24 in New Hampshire, said. The.: :. added, "Now Scoop Jackson has fo--..:,

'that out, too." Meeting with reporters in Miami. .:;,,~,

son congratulated Carter. but said he ~-~ quite pleased with his own showing. :-::. Washington senator was runnnig sli;::::: ahead .of Carter and well ahead of Wai:<.·. in the Miami metropolitan area.

Jackson then invited Carter to ano'.:-J: showdown, this time in New York whe~: the senator is making the biggest effo; of his campaign.

"I'm going to do it in .'.'l'ew York," Jae{

son said. "I never predicted a victo:

Florida." Jackson's national campaign din

Bob Keefe, said that he though.t W;; would now be lucky to get a t111rd o Democratic convention delegates the south instead of the 50 per cen1 most political professionals ha? thinking the Alabamian would wm.

Less than 10 per cent of the \'Otc­going to the nine other candidates o ballot.

Runnin" behind Shapp and Udall Sargent Shriver. anti-abortion. can1. Ellen :.\kCormack. the Rev. .-\rth1. Blessitt (an evangelist who carried pound cross through Ma~chester Li the New Hampshire primary), I:·.

·President ·Ford iS given a' round of· applause as he is introduced to the New York Society of Securities Analysts. ·~., --'L;_'.-.~:;..1.~ ,·, ._ ··~ ' .•

· f:;For{l DeC,@ed to Meet With' Connll~ly1 ·-:~··. "' ' ·: ... , . ' ' . ~ ' ' . -

,.,;;) By Jules Witcover the meeting as much as they that the invitation to Connally controversial increase ln milk ''<·\. ,:washln11ton Post start writer pointed out to the President was as part of the state GOP price supports in 1971. ,, 'P~esident Ford's decision to that a meeting of the nation's group. The private 45-minute He said that Connally, who . . ; . . . . . . . . . chief executive with a man in· meeting came about, they said, could not be reached for com· :llleet 1~ H~us~on · ~onday dieted on federal charges of when Connally, arriving late ment yesterday, has ·been' .night with _indicted 10rmer bribery, perjury and conspir· on a plane from' Canada, "accused but _nothing proved." i Secretary of the Treasury acy to obstruct justice could caught only the end of the Asked whether the President's i .John B. Connally :-vas no spur· generate. public, criticism, I group meeting and stayed on. action did. not put Justice Dc­of-the-mome~t thmg b~t was these sou~ces s~1d. Connally I Hartmann,· discussing the partment prosecutors in a dif· thorough!~ discussed with Mr. goes on trial April I. matter wfth a group of report- ficult position, Hartmann said: ~ord well m advance. In the end, 'they said, the ers at breakfast yesterday, "Suppose the name had been

According to White Housl? President decided that Con- said Connally had "hung stricken from the list. There; and Texas Republican sources, nally though indicted had not aro.und ana the rest left," and would have been a lot in the i Connally's name was on a list been convicted and Mr. Ford the President said he would papers about that." I of 16 Texas GOP leaders sub- could not go to Houston and see him alone. The White House aides who mitt~d to and approved by the riot invite him along with Jack Warren; Texas Republi- raised the prospect that there! President late last week. ot~er state party leader~. can chairman, saig he person- would be public questioning c,{ . Several presidential aides, C~nnally had expert~se the ally recommended to the the meeting were right. At his including Donald Rumsfeld, President could use (u~ the White House that Connally be press conference in Topeka, his chief assistant, counr.clor economy and ene~gy fi~lcls) invited, and he personally had Kan., Tuesday night, Mr. Ford· Robert T. Hartmann, and po- and also the President is a extended the invitation last was asked directly about the litcal aides Gwen Anderson loyal man, and Connally has Friday after several telephone prop~iety of. the meetin~. T~e and John Calkins, raised ques- been his friend for _a number conversations with White President said h; had not d1s­tions of propriety with Mr. o! yea:s," one White House House political aides. . .. cussed . Conn.ally s legal t~?:~ Ford, according to. some of aide said. Warren said Connally had bles .with him anq,. saw these sources. · . "Both the White House and nothing to do with initiating conflict whatsoever. ·· · .Aide~ did _not argue ~gainst Tex.a.s party, sources stressed the meeting and .had said.only

· 11 J ·· · · that he would be "delighted" to attend when the invitation

In Congre:ss

Friday,Feb.14,1975 THE WASHINGTON POST

:!'.~::Jinl~~~kys •. earli.~r, :War- Com;;;;;t~ii:~~~~:~~~: ~, ren said, a list of 60 or 70 commerce Aviation subcomte-10 · a.m. · Texas Republicans was sub: W',.'Wim~:~·~\~~~~,r~11 .•~ra'~~1e~vf.:1~~~ mitted to the White House as ward ¥icDevltt of Air Club Intl.; others. possible guests. The White 51 ~0or~l~~se~eP~ft~ns Mulllnatlonal Corpo­House itself pared down the ~~,~~1s5~~nc1~'r:~1 ~.,f0~9 c~~~m~res9"ci~~I list to 16 and went over it with ernments. Thoma~ Enders, asst. secv. 01

the President Friday. :meo'i%s:~&fd::'.c and business affairs.

I H t d f d d th · p· Joint Economic-10 ·a.m.· Open. Presl· ar man e en e e reS· dent's economic program. Gerard Adams.

I ident's me~ting ~ith Connall~, 'fs~"c21~~es: M~~~~~,m~t~!~s. Ch~~~e1!'.rc~r;,~ charged With taku;ig $10,000 m. me.Irie A·s. sociates: .1.202. Dirksen Bldg. p~yoffs ~rom a~ ~airy lobby fo: ,,· ·c:-, ·y HOUSE. ...- _ · · ·

I his role m securmg then-Prest· .'•· .,\r. • ':'.:.,..--y- -~,c«•i-'·'·~·'··•'· .

1 d~t ~~~~~f-~~~Irv~:,;~~: R~i1§:ri~:~:~~~~*:;,h •

·.~f~·~~~:~~1![~~R17}.~~~t;~~:1%1~}Vi?~~~;-~?·~~:1 ~·-. '':: . . i

:'1J~vid S. Broder . : . ~.·I

tOBihg Withl < . . --· .• '

Arner1c~ s . •' '

Self-Image resident of Grand i. As a former . . al protege of thef

Rapids and a ~~~~~nberg, President late Arthur_ l to invoke .thef Ford finds it_ ~f::nship in foreign' doctrine o~ bip Vandenberg came to policy, which

Ii 30 years ago. symbo ze . all useful for the

It is circumstant~hi: tack as he atj , President to t~k~he country through . tempts to. lea ment of our self'

a wrenching readdju~wer. in the1w~k~f ima"e as a worl P. Indochina pohc~ ·i of the collapse of our_ "nimizing thell

. point m mi A There 1s no eadjustment. . difficulties ol th.at d: of the United ~ number of old frien such European\ States-particularly dt nd the London '

W"lly Bran a l" <1 voices as I ·ng conso in.,, .·Economist-are . saYito ward off what things to us,al\rydn~the temptatio~ to .,

. the lat~er c ~ir" about the· efficacy . generalize. :es~merican policy. of worldwi e t are· as common I Their commen s mfortin". Indo·

th a1·e co "' t sense as ey h 1 world; it is .no . china is not thew o.e nificant slice of , even an inherently sigli Y failure there

b And our po c t ur I , the glo e. ·il mean tha o does not i_1ece~sa~ :verywhere. policy is m1sgmd~ blind ourselves to

Yet we canno decision to make t certain _facts. T~~itional theater of Cambodia ~ a Indochina war-~ operations m the ed "damn-fool decision whic~ .:::~ur like this re· even to a ran . hed for by the h been vouc . porter- as ho remains eno1m· Secretary of ~{ei: the design of our ously ~nfluen a,

' new policies. . · licy has failed. Our' Cambodian ~o hich six

Ii ·n Vietnam, w ,., And the po cy I rted , seems not dministrations sup?o '

a · llapse either. d far from co 1 that President For

It is .natu7a backing as he at: seeks b1partis:n the pieces baek to· tempts to pu ot only natural,' but gether. .It ishi~tory suggests that the

. prud~nt, !or f -foreign reverses and . combination «.> • weakness in the

domestic polltical t may tempt the . n governmen st

Amenca th Chinese to te a Russians or e . ome area of the novice President m st al interest is . h re our na ur world w e an in Indochina. ' far greater th . . that one cannot

The difficulty is ort merely by ~eate bipartisan ~PP ecial political

. f it It takes sp , asking or · ditions for that ti)

:rand intellectuaJ._~on bOtb are Iacldng. · happen and, se" ~.. . ._ - __ , __ ...

' The political' Pro'blem can De suucu ' i.f Mr. ·Fiord can only diseiplizie bis own '. instincts. So far, he has been unable i to decide whether he W'a?lts bipartisan / support or Partisan advantage in· put.

1

' ting the Indochina failure ·behind us.

On Mondays, Wednesdays and Fri­days Mr. Ford is all for joining hands ! With Congress to rebuild the founda. tions of American foreign policy. But on Tuesdays, Thursclays and Saturdays he is imputing blame to Congress for · supposedly sacrificing Indochina. in order to save the measly few hundred million dollars.

He cannot ·have it both ways. 'But even if he ·opted clearly for reconcilia­tion, rather than recrimination, he would have to supply a fresh co'ncept

., of America's national interest as a i .. basis for a new bipartisan policy. . Vanden'berg knew that, and he strictly

limited his own bipartisanship to Eu. rope, where such a doctrine existed. He excluded Asia from bipartisan

· PGlicy, becanse Republicans and Demo . crats had .very different ideas, even before the Korean war, a:bout the right stance for America to take.

Unfortunately, Mr. Ford's State of the ,World speech was laced With evi­dence of unresolved issues in his own thinking. In discussing Indochina, for example, the Communist Powers were described as "adversaries" who 'liad shown "no interest in negotiation." In the section on Europe and the Middle East, they became "potential adver . saries." But in discussing bilateral talks with Riussia and China, those countries were transformed; as· it by magic, into nations interested in ''less. ening tensions" and building ''con-structive relations." .

This kind of conceptual and stra. · tegic confusion must ·be clarified by· the President. Congress will not do the job. Congress• approach to serious issues of foreign policy 'is symbolized

~ by the resolution, passed by the House two days before Mr. Ford's speech, proclaiming April 24 a "National bay

. of Remembrance of Man's Inhumanity to Man."

This piece of work turns out to . be the Product of some vigorous li>bbYing of key House Democrats by Armenian­American constituents Who wanted to

' take note of the 60th anniversary· of the Turks' slaughter of the Armenians.

Passed With haste and without come -mittee consideration, this· resolution was a further embarrassment to the administration. It also underlined ·Mr. Ford's warning that ·"our foreign

, r>olicy cannot be simply a collectiOn · of special economic or ethnic or ideo .

logical interests." -

But that is what it will becorrie .. unless the President takes the lead iii ;i the process of readjustment and re- ~f .. education the country now· , 'neect$

1 Without that, appeaJS to bipartisan. J ~hip will. surely fail ~ ., . 1 •

r

w~-n~\,.~(\ v~-r Lil~c:

=

. '' . . '.·.--

Mr. Fe> rd on . Transit: President Ford bullt mass-transit boosters up to a

. jarring letdown in Pittsburgh the other day when he

. told transportation experts there that last winter's energy crisis had driven home the message that "we must make major progress in improving urban transit.'0 Most of the President's subsequent remarks made it painfully evident that this transit message had failed to penetrate the

·White House with any real sense of urgency. . Mr. Ford refused to consider any increase in the

drastically pared-down mass-transit bill whieh retently passed the Hous·e. He called the six-year; $11 billion figur~nly a shade more than half of the sum originally proposed-the "absolute· upper limit" he would approve. This hardly qualifies as a commitment·. to "major prog­ress" in restoring the nation's badly. deteriorated and

··wholly inadequate mass transit facilities. The President expressed serious reservations about

·operating subsidie~. despite ttie ~!ear need ;for such aid fo hold. down fares. and maintain services··oh' defkit- · ridden transit systeins throughout the country. Recalling that he. is "a, Michigander with the name of Ford," he insisted' that the private car. '.'is= and. will continue to be our chief transportation vehicle" and· that Americans "must learn how to live with them on the urban: scene;"

Are these the words of a man who has fully under­stood the implications of the energy crisis-ti;> which the ·private car is a major contributor? They seem more, reflective of .the parochial prejudices of a Congressman more concerned with the prosperity of' a major local )ndustry than with. the-burdens -orpollutfon~and conges­. ti on which the automobile imposes ;on. urbii01 areas. .

Let's think

With the virtually unprecedented margins by which both houses of Congress have overridden some of President Ford's most recent .vetoes, he has been sent a message, loud and cle·ar. It is that Congress is not satisfied with the leadership it is getting from its old friend and col· league. There may also be more than a hint of uneasiness about the Ume· llness and wisdom of his Far Eastern trip.

Thus the President will return to Washington to face major challenges. The one item of cheering news is the progress of Nelson Rockefeller's coil· firmation. Here Mr. Ford evidently did some effective lobbying, and Mr. Rockefeller handled himself _im· pressively in the witness chair. "- ·

But on the inflated and depressed state of the economy, on energy policy, on food policy, on labor policy, on tax policy, on many other pending and urgent issues, there is serious congressional concern, reflecting the state of national public opinion. More· over, it is felt there has been too slow progress in building up a strong, new administration. '

Travels criticized President Ford's penchant to be out

of Washington (tabulations show that as a congressman he spent something like 200 nights a year away from the national capital) was very evident during the first 100 days of his occupancy of the White House. There

To stop the drift By Erwin D. Canham

was criticism of his obsessive cam· paigning and of his Pacific trip. To get out into the country, even to get overseas, can be refreshing and infor· mauve. But there can be too much of a good thing.

Thus there is an overall feeling that the Ford administration has far from asserted itself as a fresh and vigor· ous, well-manned source of lead· ership. There is diLnger that a gravely handicapping ·negative image wtll build up and harden: an image of obligation to the past, which is in· creasingly revealed as discreditable, of stub~ornness on some issues, ot poor advice and· consideration ·on others, of failure to· understand the political facts and to cooperate with Congress. ·

But there w1ll have to be a solid and bold policy base. . .

One great need, which is at the· heart of the energy issue and indeed of the inflation issue, is the impor· tance of conserving oil and gas con· ·

· sumption from imported sources. Surely it is apparent there will have to be some kind of mandatory curbs. The many' adviser~ who have urged · the President to be receptive to some form of limitation by taxation should persevere.

Appeals not enough . - · · And Mr. Ford should realize th&t ··

appeals for· voluntary conservation; . however eloquent, will not be enough~ ·. · ';l'o let the matter be handled once , more merely by shortages at the. filllng-station pumps, will not be good· . enough . .Another crisis on the model of last winter's, following ih1s summer

Bills long delayed. . and autumn's abundance, wW per~· If the lame-duck session of Con· suade the public all over again tb,&t ·

gress also fails to enact some long· . the . government has been caught :, · delayed and badly needed legislation, unawares. . . ·,. . . especially if it does so because of·· The dismissal of conscientious and obstruction at the committee-chair· independent John Sa.whW, the boo·boo. man level against the overall w1ll of. in White House offices over his sue· · Congress, there is danger that dis· cessor, again suggest that stubborn· Wusionment with government in.gen· ness and inattention need to·be recti· eral will intensify in the nation. fled.

The great need is to transcend Continuing runaway prices, appall·' partisanship and pettiness. President ing employment layoffs, the unavaila· Ford's warm personal relationship bWty of loan money for needed con-with Congress, his genUine appeal to struction, suggest drift. Both execu-the country as an honest, open leader,. tive and legislative branches of gov­could form the basis for constructive· - '1ll'l1Dlent should assure the nation that government in the next two years: ·:somebody is tending the store. . .

Rog'eT Wiiki~ . . ··.· ... THE w~~H~~.'.:;oN POST • l'Ylc ~d''J-' oec . ,vi. · 19 7 3

G Id .. -. .":F . d. · -:"~d··· ·civil ~Righ ... ts 1)<9--'n\..l_µ;.-i~'B::::-era or an ..... , ..... " .. ·,_,.~,, . Back in 1948, Gr~nd Rapids, M~chi­

gan, was a simple city. It had deliber­ately abjured the affluence that. flo".l's from heavy automobile co.nstructioz: m favor of cleanliness, furniture making . and light industry. The white popula­tion \vas heavily laced with stro~g Christians of Dutch descent .... The white people of Grand Rapids were deep~y religious, worked h81:~· kept their promises and were pohtically consei:v­ative. and quite square. They ~aid thfogs like "Real glad to see you, or "I'm going' to do my darndest." They usuallv meant those things. The black popUiation was small and placid.

mat 1.vum11· an1,1' ·1·. was a01e to ... get ·re- : sults."~As he talked. about practicality and down-to-earth efforts, his -inter­viewer, a one time resident of Grand Rapids, began finally to understand the elusive praise Ford's colleagues heaped on him when he was nomi­nated. "Jerry· Ford keeps his word," they said. "Jerry Ford is a nice guy. He doesn't pressure you for a vote, and if you don't give it to him this time, you know you'll give it to him the next tlme:he asks.~' · ,

. cThe thing is, Jerry Ford is quintes­sentially Grand Rapids. There are no·

·frills and there is no glamor. He is Ill!~ plain as Campau. Square and the Pant~ lind HoteL He is square and he has be.j lievability. · . · · · . ·' ·:"!i

But, if he bas all. those assets that made him so popular in the House,"; why did all but one of his. black col-_: leagues vote against his confirmation?~ "l don't know," he mused. "I don'!=~ know whether they all got together or; whether they did it individually. Iw~ , pleased and proud of..Andy Youn~ s: speech and vote. All_ the rest are still : good friends and we enjoy excellent , personal relations." · -. . . ;;::c~

Rep. Andrew ~-. c\;>µng .(:Q:Ga.>,.;1"U j the only· bla~ltJo vot~_Jor ~·s;~n~:~ firmation. In doing so, lie sai9,~!~l, have .. ,

You could ride a bike the length of the town in about an hour. Withou~ much trouble, the route could pass both Creston High in the north end and South High on the other side of town. The former was virtually all white and the latter had a larger per­centage of blacks in th~ stude~t body than any high school m the city. At. Creston, the principal, a man named Howard w. Wicket, called an .assembly the day after the 1948 election, to talk about a student he had taught at South when South was largely white. Howard. Wicket said that Gerald R. Ford, the city's brand new congressman, h~d been a fine. hard-working student . m high school, college and law school;. a good sailor in the war and that . all seen M many men; about: ~hom ·Lhad that virtue had paid off. As Mr. Wick~ questions and about whose"past .·I hacf et· glared at his then c~rrent crop ·of, grave doubts, rise to the occasion .' '.'.:;~ charges, his moral was mescapable. " So I guess my vote for Gerald Ford.is' .. "When Vice President Gerald R. Ford coming out of that Southern experi­was told that story the other d_ay, he ence. Itis an experience that says that responded with neither nostalgia nor_ people, given an o_gportunity to serve amusement. He responded . earne~,tly. intime of crisis, can grow to meet the He remembered Howard Wicke~. He. ·challenge of that crisis." ,, .. , . <l,ied a few years back. I had him for If Ford denies exi>licit knowledge of session room, for a math class and h~, the reasons for that black bloc vote was the football equipment manager. against him, he at least has his gueSSe.8 Gerald Ford went to high school more- and he has understood its message. than 40 years ago. One feels he has

k d ay "Forget the voting record," he says. that kind of information tuc e aw· · '.The voting record reflects Grand RaP" about a lot of his constituents. ! " ids. You know Grand Rapids. It doesn~t

But what could a man from a square. and largely white town know about \vant the heavy hand of the federal civil rights? All but one of his black government in there-they. want to colleagues in the House must have work things out for themselves. I had thought that he didn't know much be- to represent my constituency. On final cause all but one of them vo~ed passage, I did vote for all those bills. against his confirmation. The Vice: T think that's a better indication of President leaned forward. He s~ems. my personal feelings." · . eaaer to answer these questions. : Well, if there is movement from a! "G;and Rapids is 18 per cent black local to a national vision, what is he: now we have a lot of problems - : doing now and how does he see the1 they're not massive like Detroit or· future? Without claiming that he isi Cleveland but they're similar prob- embarked on an effort to revive the lems and 'very real, just on a smaller· long moribund dialogue .. between scale. I think the black leaders would blacks ~nd the administration, Ford agree that I know about those prob- described a series of meetings he -is terns and that I did the maximum to now planning with the help of a black help sclve them." He then !icked off a Whit~ House a~de, ~Q l:>_e .held.ju_st after list of Grand Rapids agencies-a num- the first of the year with .a.wide range' ber of them creatures of Great Society of black leaders. both ~ ,~ QUt of programs-with which he had worked governmen~. · ' .. ,;~;.·:01fi-'.iii\':f.:.£ to keep federal money flowing_ toward the problems of his black const1tue~ts.

There is little small talk and virtu­allv no humor as the Vice President taiks. His words are not faeile,--;'I gave them practical down-to-earth·· help," ~'crd said. ,;It's executing programs

. . Looking dowri.~ the road, the Vice President said "I- don't think we need major new legislation." He then ticked off all the major legislative initiatives in social policy achieved in the 60s and said, "We have to see that those laws are properly enforced and that they work properly." That is standard Nixon administration doctrine, but then Ford shifted into a more urgent mode and continued, "We now· have to concentrate on improving the eco­nomic well-being of minorities. People need jobs to make the rights meaning­.ful. We really need to concentrate on that." ·

~·1 worked darn hard," Ford said, "tO get ·. Congress to agree to U!e Philadelphia Plan." The Philadelphia Plan a program to increase the num­bei- ~f blacks in the trade union move­ment in Philadelphia, received a mixed reaction from blacks, but was a major civil rights initiative of the first Nixon .administration. "I got it through with my leadership,'~ the Vice President said. "That is indicative of the things we've got to do outside." Then reflect­ing about the possibility of cutbacks in federal employment, the Vice Presi­iient smd "We've got to make sure that if. th~re are layoffs, the minorities are protected. Just ·because they were ihe last in doesn't mean that they should be the first fired." "

As his visitor shifted to leave near the end of the interview, the Vice President stopped him and said, "I want· to tell you something you'll un­derstand, because you know· South High School. I went there from the 7th tl,lrough the 12th grade. It was about 15 per cent black when I went there and it was about 80 per cent black when they turned it into a middle school a few years ago. It is still mostly black. The local people ~e planning a.·Jerry Ford Day celebration back in Grand Rapids and when I go back for it, the first thing I'm going to do.is to go back to South to give a talk. You can understand how I feel about it. I'll. be trying to do what Howarc~ Wicket was trying to do."

Moving to the door, the Vice Presi­dent repeated an earlier statement, "Remember all those people who voted agai~st me are still good friends. The personal relationships are exeellent."-

Then . he said; "It was real good to see you. Stop in again." It was p~e Grand Rapids. He had said nothing fla'shy or innovative, but he was solid and earnest .and he knew his subject. More important, he· had been believa­ble. ~:·:'· '_,,,:. ':""'· ... · .. :-··--, ~--· ..... ; · Th~t's r~~~shlng in this town the~·

days. · .:~;·:~:, .L ""

Ford Opposes Election Financing Bill ··~---- . By RICHARD L. MADDEN ington late tonight, Mr. Ford Presiden~ Nixon c~uld ·~;[~~!

· special to The New Yor.k Times spoke at a $100-a-plate Repub- his cred1l11Jity with the public,. OMAHA, Feb. 15-Vice Pres- lican dinner lilt .the Hilton althou~h he acknowledged at

fdent Ford contendd today that Hotel here, and re1~rated the one .Point that it would be "an the financing of Federal. elec- upbeat theme of hIS most re• uphill struggle." tion camp(ligns with public cent speeches. . .· .·. ~e asaerted that Congress, funds would be "a very seri· "There is no ground for a ~hich hll4 not yet acted on such ous mistake." . psychological complex of de- issues· as It bill giving the Presi-

"Once politicians have their feat," he said. "We have run di:nt emerjfency powers to deal• campaigns paid for by public short of gasoline. But we have with the i+nergy shortage, "will taxes, we'll never go back," not run short of American ini- ha;·b:·f lltder time. restoring its Mr. Ford declared. "I hesitate tiative." . er .. 1 u ly," .• to take that step." At a news conference today, I hopl! both the President

Mr. Ford spoke during a local Mr. Ford cited a recent L. ouis ~nd Consress can improve theirj television interview here as he· Harris poll showing-that only image," hi! said. wound up a three-day trip 121 per cent of the American Mr. Fora predicted that if the through the Middle West, ap- people thought that Congress energy sl!ottage and inflation pearing.~rimarily a~ Republican was doing a good job. Mr .. Ford diminish~-11 "in my judgment fund,-ra.1smg gatherings. . maintained that "Congress, con- the Pres1rlent's popularity with

W1thm a few wee~. the Sen- trolled by the Democrats, has a the Amenitcn people will go up• ate is expected to consi'der a greater credibility problem than slowly h1n significantly.' • landmark bill that would the White House and the Presi- Mr. For11 began his day with finance Presidential, Senate and dent." · a briefing at the command ceil-: House election campai~s ~th He said he was confident that.ter of t1b! Strategic Air Com-/ public funds. The legislation • · mand at t lffutt Air Force Base passed the ~enat~ . and then near here, Later he stopped to bogged down m a f1hbuster Jate see his hlrthplace in Omaha. last year. Suporters contend It now ls a vacant Jot. . that the bill is needed to cur- He wa11 born here in 19I3 tai~ the influ~nce of large cam- but his fatnlly moved to Michl~ pa1gn contnbutors: su~h as gan wheq he was. le5s than those brou~ht. t<;> h~ht m the two year4 old. A group of Watergate mvest1gat1ons. fourth- &fl{) fifth-graders at a

'A Dangerous Trend' nearby lU,lJool spent part of Assistants of the Vice Presi- yesterday cleaning trash off

dent said that Mr. Ford had ::1e ~t.. 8 1kl Mr. Ford stopped generally opposetl the public J eir classroom to· thank financing of campaigns in the: ~.m. . _ . past, but that his views havt. I It re11H1 looks better than not been widely publicized. my, yard at home," he told

"Once · the Treasury is them. opened," he_said tod~y on sta- He also smilingly signed his tion KMTV, "it's. quite a dan- name to ii. wall placard in a gerous trend, and I personally room of l_l1e Omaha -Press Club• would oppose it.'' . . ..· . . . n~ed fir his· predecessor.·

Before flyin_g _ ba_~~ _t'?~ -~'sh· Spiro T, ·~!1·: , ~ .• .. :/"

, ... ~----··"· . -~,. .. , . ! .

.. , i;.r..... • -.. ~. -.-.:-..._,A·~-~-:-<_~ ? -..;...:ron1cs , <>''/';' :, ~- · ·"'~.S pan ?- ~ fii rea.us'tic te~ as·the GM

.. 7"~trak,o--.-~ ,nee statement sho~ed, Mr. Ford -~ . .,_ 'ftr1 1 :·:ci~&··~v--- :nay be forced by events to hew out .--: ·:c111c.ir:J crec ~ ._;_ m economic policy before his ,

-°"'td i;:-;.de o...,..~.,. Jtatesmanlike economic summit ; · ,,.tuct•· •!an be staged. Already he has ; -o-~; . .;dbt0,~.--· igreed to sign the $25 billion aid- '. . ,., UC..:.....-..... . -~ed."'· -.. ~~ ~ducation blll Mr. Nixon had i · ~g Y.1~.1~~~ :.ett on his desk. He d1dnot ind1cate '. !~1!'1 :··s~ · ·s- ~ lfanday night whether he would t ·:

1.t:::~ t s~~ Dk Congress to ~ustain Mr. { _ .~':-::er tY•9 a~ ·:ie. ~n's 11th-hour veto of a $13.5 , - ... 'T tt1 ,11th ~ 31lllon appropriations bill. This I

. :r-:~!'-w\t.~8 f0_-~~ lilI contains funds for the Envi-- _,,-re@!I~ ~ dlli-..-"* =nnmental Protection Agency and

._ "'-.:-:t rm.~ l a.bw.,,.... ·irought relief for the Middle West. , ·"7-~nf :1 ne w~ ·~ ::OW the new President haiidles , . ~- --5'3' tfi.~i wbc..-'$· mch specific measures, whicll ···. · : :m. o;ui '~ 3ve high voter impact,_.wlll ul· . • ~~iJll "r . . ttinately determine whether -he _,;._:J~ (i'.~:- ~·. • tets along with Congress. in ·~co-_

:,,~~e ·. ·--~ :rmntcmattersor~t. . ,._,."; -" ,~. ~; }':".'~r ,:i .. ~ • And he mult get on with Con-~-~-<~ iAil° n w ~ > &?'!SS. Already his party is· faced

;S, :~ ~°'''', w~. :P -~·,. vtth forecasts of major losses in ):~: · -~g _ -LtiAbi ..... ..._ - smgressional and state office -~',,;-,,.,:;~1,rr.stur<,._,.~ .:. !2CeS this fall. Watergate aside, <~>~~ ~t l_flll.W'~. . :re Republicans stand to l~e 1,.~ ,·.-~~;pit~ ~, JEavily on ~e economy alone. . :=:~"o:.:;:,-'~~('(JllW' ,~ . l!r. Fords taste in economic. ·· · )'." "!\.>ttl'.V: · · . _ iefvtsers runs along the same lines 1

~~. .·.·· ./lf a:. ::. • llr. Nixon's. 'Ihese men have :. ?~1~·:~i:.,;(11_M g;. -:. ~tight money, tight spend-. ~,;~-'~/•¢1!tI'a...~. lll!.- and no controls. Monetary:

_,,;,;;: '?·;~ 1, .. ye.\Jt~:, 29tr'a1nt - the only area beyond ~,~ · ··c .. ~:! JJ ~-~ ~onal control - wlll likely ''"' ·'°:-.-:.~~,1111~ llDe to be eased by October any-

..,_,,;1·-' - ;, ·-<Q\'.~ .1 ... o-: "'~: v:q. Fiscal or spend1ng restraint -:;.,,. ., ~\''' f. or(....h~ WI depend on the cooperation of . -:.· .. ,,._..:~-~\a'll.l ~~ ~. , .

;,. -~...-·.:·--~! 1m~ Yo get sucll cooperation it is " , -~ :.-.0~\'1 i '1\1.&:' ~~ ]Jll!{y Mr. Ford w1ll have to accept :,,;_,·.,~ ·:.?S.. '11"~--~ ~ mme moderate or liberal propos­. . , ·:~ \. · · t'&.~ ~~ a mcb as wage-price resQ"aint,

. .-,)::;_,..,, ·"t'~ ii w~~ ::!!dft allocation, jobs programs · ,. " --~~·i,ll~~ , 1r:be unemployed, tax relief for. -~ ~-.-... "lil!IowerincomeAmerican. -~- ~ ls centrist economics. It

llemS a ·more gradual fight ~ inflaUon. But it Wlll also mil2 the process more humane imf improve Republican pros­~ tor a 1976 revival .. · - -

~ - . . ...

\"t?e..- \=' ~~c: cl~~: ,()t2--YYL-Tough Choices in the Snow f

G crald Ford went skiing for Christmas a.\ 11s11aF, b11t ii w:1.\11'1 1!11· s:11ru-.

Tlre srrow at Vail, Crih, lay d1:1·p arid crisp and even, arrd Ford was in his best skiing form, skimming the powder with a finesse that left his instnictor beaming. But there were bumps along the way. The Secret Service had ruled that he couldn't even stay in his own condominium. A new Gallup poll found that his popularity had waned to an all­time low of 42 per cent-down 29 points since he took office. Fully 158 bills left by the outgoing 93rd Congress lay on his desk. He had to contend with allega­tions of illegal domestic spying on Ameri­cans by the CIA-and Ford's advisers on energy and the economy, whom he had summoned to. help prepare the programs he will announce in his mid-January State of the Union speech, brought only chilling

news. \Vhitc House aide Donald Hurns­feld was the taskmaster, and he drew an uncharacteristic bit of Presidential grumping. "Scrooge came with Santa Clam," Ford told 11ewsmc11. "ll111nsfdcl !':Jn11'."

l1

n·sid.,1rtial duti"s look rrp 11111rt! llra11 half Iris holiday linll', and wlrilt, Ford said the idyllic mmnrtain sdtin.~ made it "hard lo enntTnlral.,," lrt: \\'as Sl'.n.,i­live lo gathering pw.,sure for tough pol­icy decisions. lie cleared a fifth of the hills awaiting him, vetoing two as infla­tionary. And as he prepared for an all­d:iy session Friday with his senior energy advisers, a new, high-powered citizens' group-including such luminaries as for­mer Secretaries of Commerce John T. Connor (now chairman of Allied Chemi­cal) and Peter G. Peterson (chairman of Lehman Brothers, the investment-bank-

inlo( firm )-wanrnl at a pn·ss 1·onfercnce l h:rl 1111: •·1wrgy r·risi\ l'"·"·d t I"' 11rosl s•·· ri""' """r11J111ic 1l1n·a1 .\i111·c tlu: < ;n·at I Jr.pn:ssior1. Tll<'y urged Ford to adopt stringent, mandatory mcasures-amur~g them, stand-by rationing power and stiff petroleum taxes. . . .

Ford himself co11eeded 111 an 111terncw with UPI's Helen Thomas that public co­operation had failed, and promised "very strong measures" to curb oil consumptron. In the same interview, he reiterated that only a "family tragedy," such as a recur­rence of his wife's breast cancer, would deter him from running for President in 1976-and he confirmed some long-ex­pected changes in his Cabinet. Housing

S1·nl'fary Ja1111:.~ T. Lr1111 will li1: rc·plac­i11g dqiarti11g Hoy Ash a.~ lmdgd dirc,c­lor; Edward Levi, prcsidcrrt of the Urri­VIT\ilr of C:lricago, will be nominated for orrlgoi11g A1tor111·y Ct!rr.,ral \Villia111 Sax­lie's job, and James Schlesinger, contrary to spcculalion, will lie kept on as Secre­tary of Defense. Without Leing specific, Ford made it clear that he would soon be replacing sorne remaining holdovers from the Nixon Cabinet.

Plaid: For all the demands of hi~ of­fice, Ford managed to have one of the folksiest Presidential holidays since LBJ's day. Forsaking suit and tie for turtle­necks, plaid trousers and moccasins, he

s1><·1·11 Iii.\ fr,.,. li11w al \'ail i11 a 11·111arJ... ablr 1011·-kl'~' rrn111d of gd-log<'llll'r., \\'illi old fril'11ds, l'<>z~· far11ily s11pp .. rs a11d a 11'11· lio11r.~ of skii11g :d111osl 1·1·t'I'\' da1. Tlw Fords had Christ111a.\ E1T di1;1H·1 ;,, tlrc lm111l' of CE. l\:i11dd. !Ill' so11 11f Ford's Scorrt lcadn i11 Cra11d Hapids arid Vail's first mayor. Afterward, anfri11i,.: St'<'-011d.~ heforc a11 1T1•11ini,.: s1·1Tit·t• ,;! J11 . tcrfaitlr Chapel, F11rd sl11od i11 lhl' hack of tire chmd1 rather tha11 dist11rh llw of.her ll'orshipl'rs hy taki11g his n•st·n·,·d front pew. 011 C:hrist111as 1nonii11g, t hl' falllily exchanged si111ple gifts.

Best of all was the .,kiing. The l'rl'si-

d .. 111 '"" <111 a d1air lilt ),.,,, 111:111 111·" horr1"' All'r his l11·li1·op1<·r lo11dlt'd dmn1 1111 a r11ak1·shift pad ll!'ar lh1· 111111111lairr: 111· l1111k l\\'11 d:t)'S lo p11lish rrp his f111111 l1don· Idling the press watl'h a l 1r<'si­d,·11li:d rrr11. 1 lis insln1d11r, lk1111y I lol'· gl'r, had Jlr1·1·io11sl)' descrilwd l1i111 as "a i,.:11od n·n1·atio11al skit·r" whu 11·as still the. ll'asl acco111plishcd i11 his fan1ily. llrrt last 11·t·1·k I loegcr said Ford was '\·astly i111pnffed mTr last year"-and so m11ch s11 that I lot'ger took his studt'11l lo lhe d1all1·11gi11g powder of \'ail's llad.; llmds. a mag11 ifice11 l open ex 1w11st · I hat Ford 11cgol iatl'd with l'ase. Tlw skiiug. Ford

•·.\ldlt·d. "was grl'al. n·;dl)· gn·a1"--a11d h., •J1ripp1·d that lw would rprit his joli if \'ail \\'011ld 11ril)· 111akl' him j11slil't' of 11 ... Jll':ll't'.

Slill th1· 1H·11· l'n·sid1·11tial n•stridions d1·arh.' draf .. d. \\'ilh darrghlt-r Srrs.111 and llt'r g.111'sl. llarliara \la11fuso, tire F11rds ,,.,..... 111stall"d for s1·c11ritv's sake in a d1;dct largl'r a11d 111on· isolat!'d tlr:rn tlwir ll\\'11 co11dmni11iu111-a11d payi11.~ a . ':;/.5-a-da,· differc11tial out of. the fam­ilv pol'kl:t. Ford skied in :r solicilo11s pod 11f Sccrd Sen·ice 11w11 picked for their skill 011 the slopes; at their i11sistc11ec. lw \\'ore a differl'nt color parka every da~",

!\cwswet·k, January 6, l 9i."

a11d 1·u11:rg(:11cy l11:licopt1·rs a11d hlo11d supplies (the l'rcsidential type: O-pos­ili1·c) were within 1:asy rc:aeh. "Ile just is11 't the same since he became l'resi­dr·1i1." a lo11gli1111• Ford fril'nd .~:rid. "lll''s n·:dly upligl1l."

Tl"' Fords pl:111111'd a quid .l\(!w r .. ;ir's

cl'l1·liratio11 ll'itlr a few friends, a11d Ford's ll'orklnacl this week will be undiminished. A111011g other things, he is expected lo 1·eto a strip-mining bill that provides for land n·damation payments. The pre­sumed IT!o has caused some added con­lrn1·ers1· because the owner of the Presi­dl'nt's ~l'nted chalet, Richard Ilass, holds a 20,000-acre Federal coal lease in \\'yo­ming and could sa,·e $100 million as a result of the 1·eto. Ilut by far the great­er contron•rs1· awaits Ford's return to Washington this ll'eek, when the time will finally have come for him to pre­scribe remedies for the less-than-merry state of the Union.

Mushing Along? What kind of Chief Exceutin• is Ct:r­

ald Ford? According to Richard Johnson, a Stanford University business professor and \\'hite House Fellow who has stud­ied the management styles of the last six occupants of the 01·a] Office. Ford has }'et to choo.~e amm1g three basic ll'ays of doiug business. The most co1111111111 ap­proach, says Johnson, is the p~-ramidal organization chart farnred br Harry S. Truman. Dll'ight D. Eiscnholl'er, L}n­don B. Johnson and Hichard \1. Nixon­a tight structure that encomages thor­oughness, but tends to distort information and thus mav nourish scandals. Its anti­thesis is Franklin D. Roose\'elt's "competi­tive" style of pitting aides agai11st each other; such a President recci\'cs more informatiorr, hut risks being canght up in office politics. Bctll'ccn the two ex­trem<'s is John F. l\:c1111cdy's t1·a111\1·ork approach. a sysl!'lll that n·qrrin·., a11 i11-tcllcd11allv keen staff and l'rcsid!'11t.

Johnsor;, who recently puhlishnl "~fanaging the \\'hite House: An Inti­mate Studv of the Presidency,"• says Ford's late~t reorganization is designed along the JFK rna11ageml'11! modl'i. But because Ford and his staffl'rs :rrl' lower­kev than the Kerrnedv \Vhite llo11se. and chief of staff Donald. Humsfrld is assum­ing an important central role. Ford will gradually adopt a more formal stnrctme . E\'1•11 so, pn·dil'ls Jol111s1111. "gil't·11 Iris traits a11cl liis ,,faff S\'sl•·111. I h1• fldds aw awfully high that Iris. Ad111i11islralio11 will just 11111.'h a Ion.I!." \

NEW YORK TIMES; SUNDAY; JUNE 22. 1975 . . ___ ,_ ·,. :· ... , ·- .

J . . · ·~ ~.

.. ':~

... and Gun Control . . .. - ( '

.When it came to gun control, where_he could have offered genuine leadership instead of mere . rhetorie; the President's anticrime zeal faded. measurably;· Con­gressional efforts to stem the lethal tide of handguns: . have been languishing for years and are· in clear •need of a strong push from the White House. ' · ~ ·: <· 1

. The President offered evidencethat he haS 'no illilsio~ J

aliout the gravity of the problem~ "Criminals with hand, : guhs have played a key role iri the rise of violent crime ' in America," he said. "Hundreds of poiicenien have been killed in the last decade through the use of handiun.s ( by criminals." . . • ~ ~ _ .. ·· · . , ·:' ~:-:

While he.endorsed the long:overdue .step .of banriing.· the manufacture ··of ·- "Sattit'day Night· SpecfaIS" · iii the -United States, Mr. Ford declared that he was "uiial- . terably'' opposed to Federal registration of firearm~ which would really provide an effective means of con­trolling the traffic in handguns. Until the. President-S distress over crime exceeds his solicitude f.ot. giiD

··"owners, the drive to curb violence by guilfire in. the United States will be severely- crippled. :::::~.

·.-" I .·'. •~:~, ~

House Sustains Ford Veto of Bill; On Strip Mining I

Defeated Democrats Hint at Moves That May Lead; To Legislative Stalem~te

-By a WALL STREET JOURNAL Staff Reporter .

WASHINGTON - The House failed to override President Ford's veto of the strip mine bill.

It· was the third time In as many tries that House Democrats, who have a two­thirds majority, have failed to muster the two-thirds needed to override a Ford veto. i

Despite three setbacks in a row and Re­publican calls for an end to confrontation between Mr. Ford and Congress, Democrats indicated they'll be sending the President more veto candidates in the days ahead.

If they do, the outlook is for legislative stalemate, with each side blaming the other and appealing to the voters to accept its version of what went wrong in Washington.

Yesterday's vote was 278 to override Mr. Ford's veto of the strip mme bill and 143 to sustain it, with one member voting "pres­ent" -three short of the necessary two­thirds. Fifty-six RepulJilcans joined 222

: Democrats in voting to override, while 57 ' Democrats joined 86 Republicans in voting to sustain.

Late last month, the House failed by five votes to override Mr. Ford's veto of a bill to create jobs for the unemployed. In May, it fell 40 votes shy of overriding a blll to raise farm-price supports. Why Measures Failed

The farm bill f~iled because many Con· gressmen feared it would drive up food prices. The jobs bill failed because some I Congressmen feared it would add to inlla­Uon,,

And yesterday, the strip mine bill failed largely because some members worried that it would increase the price of electricity by reducing coal production and raising coal prices; "The electric utilities did a very thorough job," · said Rep. Morris Udall (D., Ariz.). the bill's Chief sponsor. "Many1 people were frightened about their utility j bills." '

In vetoing the bill, President Ford also warned that the bill would have caused 36,· 000 workers to lose their jobs, a figure Rep. Udall and his allies dispute.

The issue of jobs and inflation, and sometim.~ jobs versus inflation, is at the center of Mr. Ford's series of vetoes, and !tj promises to remain there. "If the Congress i

. ignores the desire on the part of the Pres!- I dent and more than a third of the House to I be responsible fiscally, then of course we; will have more vetoes," Mr. Ford told hisi news conference Monday. I

THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, Wedneaday, June 11, 1975

1V I Jc/r../'--

Talk of ConcillaUon i

Yesterday, however, Republican leaders: on Capitol Hill were talking about concilia- . tion rather than confrontation. "Govern-

1

· ment by veto is no way to run the country,'' House GOP leader John Rhodes of Arizona told a news conference: Rep. Rhodes urged

! Democrats to join with the President and, ·the Republicans "in a spirit of unity'.' toi enact needed legislation, particularly in the; field of energy.

But this offer found few takers among 1

:

the Democrats. Majority leader Thomas i O'Neill of Massachusetts parried the Prcsi: dent's thrust about fiscal irresponsibility with a charge that Mr. Ford is being ·•so­cially irresponsible and doing nothing about. unemployment." · I

"This Congress isn't about to accept any Republican economic policy of full unem­ployment," Rep. O'Neill added. "We will continue our work on the jobs bills for the people and for the economy, and we will send to the members many more pieces of legislation, hoping that we can .Stimulate the economy."

One such bill would give state and local governments $5 billion to build public works [ projects. The House has passed the bill, 313 I to 86, but that margin could be misleading if It came to trying to override a veto. The strip mine bill that failed yesterday origi­nally passed the House, 333 to 86.

Although Rep. Udall expressed hope of reviving the strip mine bill, it's likely the legislation is dead for the rest of the year and possibly for the rest of this Congress, which has 18 months to run. ·

The bill would set minimum federal stan­dards to protect the landscape against strip mining. States would be responsible for en· forcing the standards. If they failed to do so, the federal government would step in. A tax on coal would pay for reclaiming abandoned I stf'.1p mines in the Appalachian states.

NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY, JUNE 22, 197S

The Crime Message· . .. President· Ford in . his crime message last week out­

lined some useful programs, emphasized a number of constructive insights, and seized the opportunity for

·some demagoguery. --The President touched on some of the starkest fears

of city dwellers all over the country when he expressed deep concern about "murders, ·robberies, rapes, mug­gings, holdups/ break::ins..;:,the kind of brutal violence that makes us fearful of strangers and afraid. to go out at night." Possibly the most constructive Federal weapon -against that and other· kinds of· crime is the Law En· forcement Assistance Administration; and the President's proposal to fund that agency through 1981 with orders· to decrease emphasis on police hardware programs and to concentrate on combating crime in heavily populated urban areas was right on. target. · .

Among other useful ideas in Mr; Ford's message was a proposal to provide compensation for victims ·. of crime. If the Federal GOvernment can develop a woi:k­able compensation scheme, it will provide a model for jurisdictions throughout· the. country. The President's fa. sight concerning the key role prosecutors play in the over-all criminal justice system should be carefully noted by budget-makers not only in Washington. :,_. ·,

Mr. Ford was on the right track in emphasizing the need to develop intelligent and sensitive programs for youthful offenders and pretrial diversion. programs f()r some first offenders. Perhaps this push from the White House will moYe the executive branch to undertake the juvenile justice programming it has neglected so long.- _.

Unfortunately, however, the President was not content -with his advocacy of such common~serise reforms. He -went on to mount a rhetorical attack on c1ime which promises more than the Federal Government can pos­sibly deliver in an area where the principal responsi­bility lies with states and other local governments. The President's . "mandatory minimum" sentence proposal defies human experience. While. the idea may sound good on paper, in practice such ,sentences distort the system of justice by forcing acquittals; plea bargains and clogged trial calendars. .• . - ..

By indulging . in simplistic -rhetoric pitting .. criminals against victims while ignoring any analysis or the origins of crime; deep in poveriy, lack of opportunity, bigotry and blunt-edged social service failures, the

.President served the nation as badly on this score as President Nixon did before him. Tinkering with the -criminal justice system can only affect a limited p0r- ' tion of the crime problem; the rest is buried in those sricial ills whieh Mr. Ford steadfastly refuses to con­front. As long as he pursues that basic policy, hiS crime program will continue to contain more posture than substance. -·~<.·

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f:;,;'.~-- .•

-.. ~"~ t , :-'. :· ".:i -···,.,,.·

. ,;·· ' .. ·--. "-:'i·~-.. ----,.:-. --

... ,·-

THE WASHilXGTON POST lllonday, Jllay 5, 19i5

-- ·-· ·--- ----·--·-- _______ ,_, _____________ .

· . . ~: .. 1lfr. Ford Spe°:ks Qll Cri1rie ' ::1'· N SEVERAL SUBTLE and important ways, President

• · Ford has· been guiding the country away from the :;.1>,olicies and practices of the Nixon administration. He :_:lias not always been successful in making the distinCtion ""·clear in t~e public mind. But it is ?bvio~s that he is ~eeply !-'engaged m a process of becommg his" own President, ;'OI coming out from the shadow of the tragedy that :::'p,receded \him. The other evening at Yale Law School, -,J~ir. Ford took a giant step. The subject. was crime, and ~his words were badly needed. There will be those who ·'will maintain that the President didn't go far enbugh ;io ·rid the subject of its Nixonian overtones, but it is -~:fair to say that Mr. Ford has set an encouraging course. :.;.;: Richard Nixon came to power with tile words law and ,''order ringing from his lips. He made that cry such a ·:.~ogan among his white suburbanite Republican support­~·:ers that hardly anyone would have guessed that the .,JUincipal victims of crime In America are urban blacks, ·• ~pecially ~oor black women. From the empty rhetoric, ~\~e Nixon administration moved on to programs. The ."/.main program was the Law Enforcement Assistance ,'.·.Administration's hardware distribution gimmick and ':"'such constitutional novelties as preventive detention : ;~nd no-knock warrants. The resuit of the LEAA program

. g.is that hundreds of communities now have helicopters ~and submachine guns, sophisticated raqios and fancy

uniforms, but the crime rates are way up. When the _preventive detention issue got down to real cases, it turned out that many of the people this approach was in­tended to keep in jail weren't getting out anyway; it .

• was largely, unworkable and inherently questionable. As .dpr no-knock warrants, they turned out to be a menace Lto. police officers and citizens alike, and very few law z :enforcement professionals want anything to do · with

such practices anymore. So much of what Mr. Nixon ~:said he wanted to do turned out to be wasted effort-in

real terms. Its basic result .was to polarize and mislead !he public.

_ . ..:'It is for all those reasons that Mr. Ford is to be ap­. L!'lauded for his Yale speech. "In thinking about this

l problem (of crime), I do not seek vindictive punishment l . . . j · c;>f the criminal, but protection of the innocent victim," j Jhe President said. Then he added: ~ The victims are my primary concern. That is ~ .....

why I do 'not talk about law and order, and why I · return w tne consmutional phrase, insuring do­mestic tranquility. When you think of a President's speaking of "domes­

tic tranquility" as a goal, you are likeiy to oe reassured tnat rus purpose rs tu so!'ve a prooiem and not to make po1itica1 l:apnai from tne fear m_at exists among citizens.

And M.r. r ord put his fmger on the right place in the system where the breakdown occurs, in tne criminal justice system. It is here that overcrowding and poor organization make it possible fo'i: the guilty to plead lesser offenses and •·walk," while the poor, irrespective of guilt or innocence, rot in the detention facilities and explode with each change of season. The result is that there is little justice in that system, as the President pointed out. Serious offenders are on tile street because the system makes it difficult to keep track of the most dangerous felons: those who are the violent repeaters. Mr. Ford called for a system in which punishment is swift and sure for the dangerous felon. He offered federal leadership in the effort to make more .judges, prosecut-ors and legal .defenders available. ,.

This is a markedly different ~one, and probably dif­ferent in substance, too, from the Nixon effort. We will rely on Attorney General Edward H. Levi to elaborate for us on how the administration intends to implement Mr. Ford's reasoned approach. We ·have permitted our ~riminal ~ustice system to deteriorate to ,the point where

" m some cities referring to it as "justice" at all is a joke. There is little justke for the accused usually and-much more important-none for society. If the Ford adminis­tration sets as its goal assisting the states and cities with realistic remedies for the bottlenecks and for the over­crowded facilities, that will be a major factor in the fight againse crime.

But Mr. Ford did not restrict himself to the problem 1•

of_ street crime. He said he hoped to set a new example with respect to crime in high places. He said he realized ~t was i'!1possible for our society to make any serious mroads m our crime problems if people see a lack of respect for the law among their leaders. When you put

. that statement beside his enlightened sense of priorities in the,criminal justice system, you begin to see that on this issue, Mr. Ford is shaking ·his shadow, and none too soon.

. •. -_ • ,,.. ~ ,., ' , ... , . ,.,.,_ . ....... _, • .. _,,.. ..-, /" _...., ,. ~- .r _,,.. . ,• . · r •·· ."'' '"' r- r• _r, _r" .... .,,,.. ,- ••• • ,

•

1-)',i~apf tas}ieS'Diif it Fofd ::' ,i/ As :InsCnSitive' ()_tt Jobie~{· ,

1 I;· By Ho>bart R~wen · feel, t~· t · th ~ : · .. : --.-- ··. ·- ·· . --· · ii :. .. iWBahinrtou Post staff Writer'. don' a IS e ~ethod. We have co.needed . that jobless

. l ··AFL-CIO President' George way.~' ~pp~n . ~ _f~el . that r~tes . will remain un~sually ~eany lashed out at President If P . . . . . · high for the rest of this dee-

. · ~ rd ,. · . resident ·Ford felt ade -. , f·o y:esterday as "completely " 0 · .. · · · Jnse~~itive fo' tlie .>e.~ prob- ·;e:::,ss!~ean;or_sa:~.e .~~ Meany ~.s~ . _ha~ sharp

lems that the ... American would not try to solve it b worµg of cr1hc1sm !or Sen. ~or:frhfaces" dunng a period saying to Americans in ·effecf Edmund _S._ Muskie (D-Maine) o g .unemployment that 'It's too bad, sonny boy, you've' chairman of the Senat~ !!:ny said would last for the got to stay out of work for an- Budget Committee, and for

fo~: years. . other three or four years, and Arthur F. Burns, Federal Re-A Spe.akmg to ~he Society of then everything is just "Oing serve Board chairman. w~oencan .. Bus.mess Writers to be all right.' " . ' , "' "Muskie has suddenly 1be-

~~t with Iµm at AFL-CIO Meany argued that the Ford come an ivory-tower econo­~a:~arters here, Meany said administration and · powerful mist," Meany said "Sure he's •. a ~se out of w?rk "won't Democrats on ·Capitol Hill ~Iing to have a

1

budgei defi­:t si:ll for a_rec:,~ion of that have mistakenly focused on cit a few billions higher than ~~ ?'!; · t · : - budget ceilings rather than Ford, but that's not meetin<J

ib· er n,? going. to. r~ot in creation of ~ew johs to handle the problem." "' . e streets, Meall:y said m re- the problems of the economy Burns told a Tuesdav busi­

. ~1~~:~atod a I~u_estion. ~·On the Un~~ploy,!!lent currently is ness writers' session that the '''. element~ in, ~=~:cie::~ ~~~ !:l~~c:;t 9l 'th~ '1abor f_o~ce, governm_ent should be a "last

~-"· ·. __ '_ ~----~~--·,,,~~~--~~~:~'~~~-t~~U~~' .?!~~als _ _ s_ee_ ~~~-·\N~: A30, Col. 1

THE WASHINGTON POST . A 30 Thursd;;y;Ma;8~i'97s ·

"That mdicate8 ·a:·1ihk 'of confidence in our society . on the part of those running our · governiri.ent," Meany declared. "If· corporations can go. into

-~---He added Q.Uicltly. that he l · didn't advocate "that sort of.I

.. "·

. :; .

.· - . .

·.1.

·,:Meany Hits President :on Jobless

MEANY, From Al

resort'' provider of jobs, but . only at a low, "unattractive" wage level." . .

"That won't do anything for . today's unemployed," Meany · said yesterday. "The answer is jobs~ well~paid jobs, and the

., answer is to stimulate the economy. That's why we're pressing the administrator and Congress for something that's really going ··to prime . the

· ·· . pump •• ·• Burns thinks work­. ers want a dole .. · ."

The AFL-CIO has ibeen re- · ·commending · additional fed­eral expenditures of about $10 billion, including a $5 billion accelerated public :works pro-. gram to provide ilmn.ediate employment of 250,000 jobs.

, . c.He labeled "an absolute dis­"· aster" President Ford's insist-

ence that · the : eountcy7. must . . . not go. beyond .. a -$60 ·· bllllon ·

,!l:!deral deficit ~ !iscaL!~6~~:k' .~

. debt, why can't the United · States of America? ••• Our whole scoiety runs on bor· rowed money.''

The question on possible ri· ots came up after Meany said that "the economi~ outlook is lbad, and r see no signs of it getting better.''

"What are we supposed tc do with seven or eight million people w'ho are .goilJlg to be un­employed for. the next four years?" he asked. "Can 'this country stand 7.5 per cent un­employment for four years Will this be the same type of society It will not.'' ..

He told of seeing a televi­sion repol1; on an unemployed worker out shooting game to feed his family. The w-0rker, asked what he would do if he could no longer finance his house, said, "I'll use this same gun on the guy who tries to take my house," Meany re-ported. _ .. _ •·• ''>----·

. . attitude," but added, "Thf-\ question is, how many more ,

· people are taking. that position· ' -'Well, dammit, I'm not going · to sit still and see my family go down the drain. I'm not go­ing to see my house taken away and have Arthur Burns pontificating in the White

. House and telling me that's

-·----:····

just •great!' " . . The AFL-CIO would not un­dertake to organize the kind of discontent he dted, Meany said. "The AFL-CIO is pretty conservative in certain ways. · We believe in working within !

the American system ... "We ·don't man the barricades, and we don't take to the streets. And we don't call general strikes, and we don't call polit-ical strikes .•. ; , · : ·~. ·

..

'·.

TH~SHINGTON Pos·T ---·-·- Friday, May 2, 197$

.... --··---·---- ...

:,Mr: Ford's Straight Talk on,Crime .1:'.~L :·~.:

1' ·,

i :· ·:~.1 : \·a.: ..

. . ' . . ' . / ' . . . . • ... t'_;'.'J(~~· -~ . :;

.; . . , . Gerald Ford came into the presi­.. ,dency as a sort of straight-from-the­: shoulder nice guy - much like you or -;_l; though perhaps not quite as bright. , ' .. · Then he lost some of his candor in , favor of political considerations · and, · .. on several occasions, came on as down·

·:.' right disingcnious. ''· Last week, in a speech at Yale Law .

. '._School, he rejoined the common man. : It was a major speech on the Politi· . cally volatile issue of crime, an issue :on which the most decent of politicians :·find it difficult to avoid demagoguery.

' .v President Ford avoided it, and in the process came awfully close to admit­

·'ting the truth: that he knows as little · as you 01· I about how to solve the problem of crime. His proposals were

. , mostly common-sense ones that, while .·.-they won't eliminate or even greatly

diminish criminality, at least won't ex-. 'acerbate it.

He pointedly avoided the use of the ·"phrase "law and order," which, in the ·'Nixon years, had -been construed as an ' anti-black code phrase, and made cleat• ·that the crime he abhors includes not · only rape and robbery but also "the

national disgrace of lawbreaking in high places."

lt was not a brilliant speech, to ·judge from newspaper reports, and I guess I'm grateful for that. The speeches we call ·brilliant are too often i1othing more "than demagogic appeals

"I-lis proposals were nwstly conuiwn-sense ones

· thcit, while they won't eli1ninate or'_e-ven,.g~·e(ltly

dintinish criniinality, at least 'U!P'i~t • " •• ~· 1 : • ' .. • : ••

' cally all, ~fth?,se actually ,convlc.ted:~::;;;r;·:::~ sent to pnson. : .. . . , •,·,\,·.·,.o';.!

Yoµ and I;inight ibuy tllat as w~ili~\'/\::'.:; even though we're not so naive as~*.!/~• :-·, ·• suppose tliaUmprisonment will re~a<,~ ;~;:?-\ bilitate anybody. We think certainty: of;·~ :;ll'-': punishment rriight deter some poten;:' : :i tial offen~ers, ·.and. we know that µteJ~ · · ::~

exacerbate it.'' ' ·5: .. ! .1. ' . fact of· hnprlsonment will impede oth· :~ ,. , , ,

· ; ers, at. least for the duration of° their "' "' · . . sentences: But prison won't cure an)';;".)i

body.· .: · .· · 1.)~!/i '

to our emotions, geared more to ap­plause than to problem solving.

Mr. Ford said the sort of things that you and I might have said to each other, in our more candid moments. Like you and I, he understands that "crime in high places ... sets an exam· pie that makes it all the tnore difficult to foster a law-abiding spirit among or·. dinary citizens."

Like you and I, he understands that most of what politicians have to say on the subject is so much hot air; that calls for massive crackdowns on crime are calculated primarily to exploiting our fears, .

And like you and I, he unqerstands that crime is a terribly complicated is­sue.

His proposals, though modest and likely to be of limited impact on crime statistics, were mostly sound. He wants nearly everybody who is convicted of a

felony offense, and particularly those convicted of · offenses involving fire· . arms, to spend some time hi prison.

He didn't demand that prison sen­tences be made longer, just that they be made far more certain than they are now. That's common sense, too .

The idea, he said, is not "vindictive punishment of the criminal but rather protection of the innocent victim." Since serious offenders tend lo be re­peat offenders, recidivists need to be taken off the street, he said.

The President's speech also hit hard al the court process, including trial de­lays and plea bargaining, that ha1£ of those convicted of felonies in New York courts were not imprisoned.

"It is essential," he said, "that there be Less delay in bringing arrested per­

. sons to trial, less plea bargaining and more courtroom ,determination of guilt and innocence, and that all, or practi·

As a matter of fact, one of the more . refreshing aspects of the President's speech was that it hardly mentioned rehabllltatlon. · . :· ·

He did urge prison reform, of a sort> For instance, he proposed exploration . of ways of using prison facilities /"to minimize detention of persons con­victed of minor crimes, thus making more room for convicted felons to be imprisoned." · ·

He also urged that convicts should "be treated humanely, with the loss of liberty being their chief punishment. That's about it.

By the time the President's. crime mes,sage, with his speclfic legislatlve­proposals, goes to the Congress some­time in the next several weeks, : the rhetoricians may have gotten to him.··

In the meantime, his message at Yale Law is a virtual watershed in sim· pie, straight talk on a _potentially ,ex­plosive subject.

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'·'i

President Ford . \

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The simplicity with which Gerald R. Ford addressed' the nation as he took the oath of office in the White: House yesterday reflects the nature of this unpretentious i

man, who through an extraordinary and ironic chain of: circumstances has become the 38th President of the United States. It also suggests the straightfowardness· and the humility which may be expected to characterize

·Mr. Ford's approach to the awesome responsibilities qf the great office he now will occupy for the next· two and a half years.

Mr. Ford assumes his post, as he well put it, in ''an i hour of history that troubles our minds and. hurtS our i hearts" because .of the disgrace that both of his · prede· : cessors as President and Vice President had brougllt \ to their respective offices. But it is an hour of trium-1 phant vindication as well, an hour in which the strength i of .the American constitutional system has been proven;; an hour in which the · Ainerican people can take prid~ ! because it has demonstrated that in a most critical mo~ : ment and under the greatest possible strain-as Mr. Ford : also said-"our Consttiution works; our great Republic iis a Government of laws and not of men;" ·

There can be little doubt in the minds of any one who heard him. in the East Room of the White House yesterday, which Mr. Nixon had vacated only a few hours earlier, that its new occupant is deeply commit· ted "in all my public and private acts as your President • ·• • to follow my instincts of openness· and· .. candor.'.'.·: That. is what the American people wanted to hear from their President, and, more important; it.· is something that now they can believe.

With little real prepa~ation for taking o~ the· 'most' powerful political post in the western world;. a post that he certainly never. sought and probably never even wanted, Gerald R~ Ford has a right to call on the moral support of his countrymen, especially in these first few days as he attempts to organize his Administration and learn how to handle the reins of government. Instinc~

tively the 'American people of all shades of opinion will respond to his appeal; and the Congress voted unani· mouslv yesterday, with intuitive recognition of the need for u~ity in a time of crisis, to assure the· riew Presi· dent of its cooperation and "fervent hopes for success in office." · · ··

·,:.:

This has indeed been a time of crisis in the. history of this nation. The two festering years of Watergate have come to their climax with the impeachment pro­ceedings against Richard M. Nixon, whose resi~nation, while frustrating the legal process, nevertheless expe· dited the inevitable transfer of the power of the Presi· dency. In few other countries of the world could such· a momentoµs change have taken place in Sll~ ... ~ !J~· derly-if unprecedented-manner.

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While in his 25 years of service in the House of Representatives Mr. Ford proved himself no states­man but, on the contrary, the most faithful of the faith· ful of his party, he did build a deserved reputation for decency, integrity and honesty, which will serve him..:.. and this country-well. With his political philosophy many Americans, including of course many if not most members of Congress, are in sharp . disagreement; but he comes into office with a huge reservoir of personal good · feeling that will constrain even his strongest political adversaries from opposing him merely for the sake of opposition. That tim~ will doubtless come; but, fortunately far the country, it is not now. ' "

·. Mr. Ford's first Cabinet move, the announced reten· · tlon of Secretary of State Kissinger, speaks well for him, emphasizing the continuity of America's foreign policy. His entire demeanor, his promise to be "Presi· dent of all the· people," speaks even better for the con· tinuity-and unity-of the American system, as . our democracy passes through its time of trouble with strengthened confidence in its ability to meet the po· Jitical lnd economic challenges that are pressing harct: upon us··

Mr. Ford Goes to Church A little noted but welcome change initiated by Presi­

dent Ford is his break with his predecessor's practice of holding church· serVices in the White House. Earlier Presidents did hold occasional religious services as special events, but it was Richard Nixon who institu-tionalized the practice. . ·

It is far better for Presidents to attend services in religious institutions than to transform the White House even temporarily into a house of worship. The Consti­tution, which is specific in its prohibition of the estab­lishment of a religion by Congress, does not prescribe any explicit course . for Presidents; but the principle· of church-state separation as enunciated by Thomas Jeffer-

• son remains a sound guideline for the. preservation of religious liberty.

Politics and religion have always been a dangerous mixture. No one will doubt President Ford's personal devoutness or the sincerity of his prayer for "God's sure guidance" because of his return to the old Presidential custom of going to church, instead of having ohurch come to him. Nor will many mourn the departure from ;_: White House of a rotating company of prelates, evangelists and rabbis, many seemingly more interested in matters of politics than of the spirit.

Love of God and country will be more secure under leaders who do not wear patriotism in their lapels or religion on their sleew.s.

3 G'friernors Assail Ford on Recession

By MARTIN TOLCHIN · Special to The ~rew York Times

WASHINGTON, Feb.-18-The I Democratic Governors of New

!York, New Jersey and Connec-

1

ticut variously accused Pr~s­ident Ford today of proposing

I an economic program base~ upon "planned unemployment, failure to address the "econom­ic undertow" and failure to ap-

1

preciate the fµll impact of ''.this

1 depression." As the Gov~r-

1

no rs arrived here for the ~1d­winter session of.the National;

·Governors Conference, they.I said in separate interviews that: they were pinning their ec~~: nomic hopes on the Democratic! Congress, and that a.Ir thr~e ~ planned .to meet wit.Q,. th:e1r

.Continued 0!1 P~e ~4, _cOlumn 3 ·

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. THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY. FEBRUARY 19, 1975

-Govs. c·arey~·ByrI1e and Grasso Crh:icize Ford's~PhmS1 ' Continued From Page I Col. ; advocated , planned unemploy- . Governor Grasso said that the that the Northeast was in. diffi-

' ment, but added that "there has President had "failed to realize cult situation." · I state delegations. However, been a lot of criticism that ~ur ~he full impac~ of this depress- The New !·ark Gove~or also I each said he planned to press program seemed to accept high mg on our business community, urged a policy c01:icernmg ~.el- 1 his own list of priorities. unemployment, and I suspect people who work, and state fare that would give the c1t1es I

"We're going to go crying to that's what the Governor is al- governments." and states at_ least as n:iuch as: h C d 1 th" k th t 1 d" " . "Th Pr .d , b d ,, h they had previously received. / t e ongress, an m a u mg to. . e es1 ent s u get, s e On Mayor Beame's projected

the Congress will understand," Governor Carey charged that said, "cuts back in the areas of budget dificit for New Yorki Gov. Ella T. Grasso of Connec- "there's nothing in the . Admi- human resources; where the City, Mr. Carey said that "the! t(cut said to newsmen during a ilistration's program. that ad- greatest demands are being city's publicized deficit is real," I brief respite from a panel on dres.~e~ the .. ~onl?~C:. under- made." . ~1'.d thl!-t he a~d the M_ayor had

. human resouces. tow in the big cities. and ur- Asked where the Administra- Joined m the fight for increased I i The three Governors stressed ban states badly afflicted by . · Federal funds. I : their dissatisfaction with Mr. economic distress and unem- tion sh~uld cut back, Mrs. Gras- Asked about Mayor Beame's 'Ford's economic proposals. ployment." · so rep1ed; "The defense bud- request for $900-million in Fed- i

'Pl ned Unemployment' .He called ~or, among other· get." eral and _s_tate fu~ds t~ _help; an thmgs, a public works program u u 1 ed meet a proiected city def1c1t of

"The whole concel?t of that "would help us in every- O Po c es Assail $1.68-billion, Governor Carey • planned unemployment 1s part thing from mass transit to edu- The ~hree . Go~ernors also replied that state and city of­of the reason for our present cation, health and the environ- agreed m their. ~1sap~ro~al ~f ficials were negotiating state chaos," Governor Byrne of New ment." · : the. ford Adm1mstration s 01! aid, but added that "it's not in Jer~ey said to news~en before 'Without Consultadon' po},1c1es. · · . · Ford's budget." . ' takmg over as chairman of a New proposals with regard The Governor also criticized pane.I on crime reduction and "_Ford a_nd Rockefeller are to oil will add. burdens of disas- Administration plans to build/ public safety. , acti~g as if the~ were ~lect~ trous propo!;11on to t.he North- 200 nuclear plants. "To go :

"Bill Simon has practically Pr~s1dent and Vice President, ea~t states, Governor Grasso ahead with 200 nuclear plants stated that planned unemploy- said Mr. Carey, who attende_d a said. . . is not in the l"eal world " Mr.

, ment is Administration policy," P.anel , on . rev~ue shaf!ng. Govemor ~arey said that ·~t's Carey said. He cited boili the Mr. Byrne conUnued, referring T~ey re. acting without corftiul- almost as 1f t!te energy-nch cost and· safety factors, saying to secretary of the Treasury tation with the Con&ress or the parts of the Umted States had "I don't ·think we should ad­William. E. Simon. governors. The President deve- declared warfare on the North- vance our energy plan on spec-

A ·Treasury .. Department lops poHcy, calls the governors east." He urged "a national al- ulat.ion" spokesman, asked to comment, in and suggests they get behi'lld location.- policy for energy re- -·-------;lllid that Mr. Simon had never it." ~ sources; which would.recognize REMEMBER. THE NEEDIEST!

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NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, MAY JS, 1975

NOMINEE RESIGNS FR 0 M LEGAL POST

Ex-Rep. Creen Withdraws­Another Faces Opposition

By WARREN WEAVER Jr. Sptclal to Thr New Ycrk Tlmu

WASHINGTON, May 14-0ne of President Ford's choices for the Legal Services Corporation withdrew under fire today, and a second came under criticism n Senate confirmation hear­ings on the long-delayed n<>fi!.· inations opened.

·Former Representative Edith Green, Democrat of Oregon, asked the President to with­d!'aw her name "for personal reasons," Senator Harrison A. Williams Jr., chairman of the Senate Labor Committee, an­nounced. The White House as­sured the New Jersey Democrat! that a substitute nomination• would be submitted soon.

Sixty House members headed by Representative Richard L. Ottinger, Democrat of West­chester, sent Senator Willia_ms a letter yesterday, opposing Mrs. Green on the ground that she was a "long.time opponent of legal services" and thus not qualified to help oversee the program.

The House group also op­posed the confirmation ~f ~il­liam L. Knecht of Cahforma,

- .. _ a Farm Bureau Ftderation at· torney who was outspoken i_n, his criticis mof the legal serv1-I ces bill of 1975 vetoed by Pres­ident Nixon and of the state program conducted. by Califor­nia Rural Legal Assistance.

Supported 1974 Bill At the hearing, Mr. Knecht

' contended under questioning that he supported the 1974 : legal services bill crtating an

I I-member public corporation to administer a $100-million-a­year program to make free legal advice available to those who cannot afford to pay for

it. d t . No opposition develope. o tht seven other Ford nominees who attended the hearing. They were Roger C. Crampton, dem of the Cornell Law school; Mar­shall Jordan Breger of Te_xas, Rodolfo Montejano of Califor­nia Samuel D. Thurman, Dean of tht University of Utah Law School Robert J. Kutack e:f Nebras

0

ka, Revius 0. Critique of Louisiana and Glen C. Stop· hel of Tennessee.

·The two remaining nominees, William J. Janklow of South Dakota and Glee S. Smith Jr. of Kansas, wert not present today.

The Federal Legal Services program originated a~ part of the Office of Economic Oppor­tunity's antipoverty effort. Cri­tics contended that it improper­ly used taxpayers' monty to make trouble in the courts for, government and business offi­cials.

Mr. Knecht conceded that ·he had termed an earlier ver· sion of the Legal Services Cor­poration "intolerable" and "a step on the road to dictator­ship," and that he had c~lled Legal Services attorneys car­petbaggers" and supporters of the California rural program "fellow travelers."

As associate counsel of the California Farm Bureau, which represents farm owners, Mr. Knecht organized witnesses to testify against the California legal program during a st~te legislative inquiry. He denied today that he had undertaken this task at the request of

·, then Gov. Ronald Reagan. · · The Senate committee will

hear outside witnesses on the! eight legal services nominees tomorrow and on the two ab· sent board members next week, clearing the way for a vote

_ eiuj~~_o_n_th_. __ _

THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY. JUNE IS, 1975

Ford Criticized on~ Legal Aid Choices . i unannounced by the White the board "a gratuitous slap at

By WARREN WEAVER Jr. I House, are added to the board, the client com'munity, at the ~pecia1 to The New Yo<~ Times ! it wil I consist of · 11 male Jaw- Senate, at the House, at those

WASHINGTON, June 14-!yers, one of whom is black and within the legal services mc;ive­President Ford's reported de-i one Chicano. Senator Alan ment and at others who. believe cision: to add two more male Cranston, Democrat of Califor- in the right of all peopte to be lawyers to the board _of the nia, had urged replacing Mrs. represented." . . · · . ·. Legal Services Corporation ha_s Green with a black woman and· "I refuse to believe that ·the. aro!-lsed criti~ism from orgam- putting one legal services cli- ex~cutive branch has done this: zat1ons seeking broader rep- ent on the board. · deliberately," Mr. Morgan de­resentation on the new. agency. In. a Jetter to Donald Rums- clared. "I prefer. to think. the

Action for . Legal Rights_, a feld assistant to the President, nominations were arrived at in coalition backing legal seryices EllsZvorth Morgan, president ~f good faith but with a failll!~ to for the p·oor a~d the Nat1o~al the National Clients Council, appreciate the full ram1f1ca­Clients Council, represen_ting called the absence of a woman tions." · . recipients of such serv1c~s, and a client representative on In a separate appeal t~ Mr.· have both urged the Wh1t_e Rumsfeld, the legal nghts

1 House to reconsider the noffil- ~ group said, "Legal services at-; nations in favor of one or more tomeys want to see the corpo-:

1 women and nonlawyers. · ration go into operation as soon 1 Neither group questions the as possible, but not at the ex-i qualifications of the two ~ord pense of women or clients.'',,_,,o selections, former Republican. Some supporters of ' ... · ... ·Senator Marlow w~ Cook . of. services for the poor and· SOJ®i Kentucky and J. Melville; board members favor confi~-' Broughton Jr. of North Caro-. ing the two Ford nominees 1n Jina, but they both contend the the interest of getting the cor-vacancies should. be _used .to. poration into operation. About give a more vaned viewpoint ;a year has already _elaps~ to the 11-member board. I' since Congress authorized. its

Proposal by Cranston , creation. . · .'. · h f a ! Signing the letter from Ac-

Mr. Broug ton, _son ° · tion ~or Legal Rights were' former d ~orthto';a~~1~1~ g1~~~; Sylvia Demarest, president _of' _nor an ena • . d al the group; Burton D. Frezt, its· vacany left by the. with raw . executive director, and Greg-of ~armer _Democratic Represen- ory R. Dallaire; president-of the tat1ve Edith Green of O~~on. Project Advisory. Group, a na• Mr. Cook would re~lace _Wilham tional organization of legal L. Knecht of C~hforrua, who services lawyers. · has failed to wm support of the Senate Labor Committee

.in confirmation hearings. I If these two nominees, as yet , _____ _

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"~·

NEW v~RK: TIMES,;sd~~AY._IU,,;i··~JS, Mr.Ford Makes lfClear

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Who's Boss ' President Ford relied on three eco­nomic issues-jobs, inflation and ener­gy-to rally enough Democrats and ~epublicans in the House of Represen­"t!J.tives last week to sustain his veto of a bill to regulate the strip mining of coal. · This was the third consecutive ·veto

Rouse Democrats were unable ti:> over-· turn despite their substantial majority, 289 to 145; for the moment, Mr. Ford rather than the Democrats has the initiative in setting domestic poli· cy. ~ Ever · since the strip-mining bill

passed the House in May by a vote -of 293 to 115, more than the two-thirds necessary to overcome a veto, Admin·

-ist.ration officials have been saying the legislation would have disastrous results for the economy: They predicted that 36,000 workers would be dis· placed, 162,000,000 tons of coal lost and, to make matters worse for every· one, electi"icity rates increased.

·Democrats demonstrated these esti· mates to be exaggerated, but their rebuttal, and perhaps their leadership, was net effective enough. About 20 Repu'olicans and six Democrats re­versed their May votes to support the Administration. On the final passage 278 Congressmen voted to override

·and 143 to sustain President Ford (57 Democrats joining with 86 Republi-

cans), giving him a victory margin of three.

The result is that strip mining of coal will .continue to be regulated by different state laws, many of which allow the exploitation of mineral re­sources at the expense of conservation priorities. • ·

197S

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REVIEW & OUTLOOK

i A Bum Rap While President Ford's tax-cut to the equity markets. To accept

and spending-ceiling proposals have extension of the 1975 tax cuts but finessed and disconcerted his Demo- balk at the President's program, as cratic opponents in Congress, they many of his congressional critics have drawn a coolish reception do, is to swallow an elephant and from much of the President's natu- strain at a gnat. ral constituency. In particular, sen- More profoundly, it helps to re­timent · runs strong in the business view the crowding out debate held community that the program is last spring. The whole point was purely political. that the ·government does not get a

The reason for this reaction is free lunch by covering its spending not hard to see. As proposed by the by borrowing instead of taxing. President, the $28 billion tax cut Since this notion is so ingrained, the would take effect when withholding focus naturally was on the distor­rates are set January 1, and the $28 tions caused by borrowing. But we billion cut in projected spending are aware of no proponent of the would take effect with the fiscal thesis who turned the proposition on year starting October t That. is, its head, saying the government taxes would be reduced and the gets a free lunch by covering its economy stimulated well before the spending wholly by taxes. election, but the unpopular cuts In either case the . government would come so close to the election takes the money away from private their effects might not be felt by citizens, and in either case it directs ; November. the subsequent spending toward!

In the intervening nine months, consumption rather than savings. i also, the program would increase With lower saving and less incen- I the federal deficit and government tive to invest and produce, there is i borrowing demands. Henry Kauf- lower private investment and lower I man of Salomon Brothers estimates economic growth. The way to avoid ' the federal borrowing needs in the this is to leave the resources· in the first half of 1976 will be $29 billion if private sector to begin with; that is, the 1975 tax cuts are allowed to ex- to reduce government spending. pire, $35 billion if the cuts are ex- We can see from Great Britain tended and $40 billion if the Presi- what happens when the government . dent's program is enacted. Presum- takes an ever-increasing share of ably the higher borrowing will drive national production. In Great Brit­up interest rates and exacerbate the ain that share is now about 60%, problem of government borrowing which is far above the U.S. level, crowding out private investment. but stands as a warning that past a

This is perfectly straight-forward certain point a vicious spiral takes logic with which we fundamentally hold. In the U.S., government took agree. But to the extent the Presi- about 25% of the Gross National dent's program is judged by analy- Product in 1955, climbing up to sis going no further than this, it is around Z7% in the early 1960s. The getting a bum rap. For if the ex- Great Society boosted the plateau to penditure limitations were ever en- about 32%. The current recession is 1

acted, they would have a profoundly taking it higher, to 37% in the sec-: beneficial economic effect. If Con- ond quarter this year. It remains to gress does not enact them, at least be seen if this new figure goes down .

1·

the President is forcing the right is- with economic recovery; . sue, acting politically not in the The President deseries great : worst sense but in the best one, credit, it seems to us, for devising a ! trying to find a political solution to program to deal with this problem, t a political problem. or at least focus national attention

In the first place, if the Presi- on it. He probably ought to send up·· dent's program were enacted even spending cuts that take place Janu­with the nine-month lag, there are ary 1, if only to further clarify the excellent reasons to believe the im- political issue. But if he is Willing to pending spending reductions would abide by his pledge to ve~ tax. cuts , moderate the interest-rate effects of unaccompanied by spendirig reduc- 1

temporarily higher borrowing. (See tions, we do not see how he can be I the briefing by Secretary Simon and faulted on the grounds ··of. ·either Chairman Greenspan alongside.) crowding out or political coilrage. Since the President's in- It seems to us that the Presi:/' .·

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:~5j{;.:~~:-) .:,:. ~-·v:., -~.; .. .-:·t~; ): .·:: .:· . , ~ ·. · · ---==----~-

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~t:~,~Us Offkia1f11

1v

lfho Quit and Tell :\.)' By ROBERT D. BEHN

~ ~o~mber. after a month as Pres· /zit: :mi"s ~ss secretary, Jerald F. 7-:S".rn: :-esipl<'d because he could not de- 1 Zl! :;:e 1:'.'3.I"d"1l of Richard Nixon. More . ~zi;:::-r. ;-;liter nve monthS as Assistant \ li!:":V-;:""I' of 8tate for Oceans and Interna· \; -:..-.ua: :::D.nronmental and Scientific Af· %..'"1. :::ir. DL'ti<' Lee Ray resigned with a l ~tion of secretary Kissinger's poll- I -~ prc>eedures.

?J-..U former officials captured. public ~- not 3\lst because they resigned­;P.Oj.e ?"eSigtl all the time. These two made \ :::::zit-:e...ae news because they actually said n, ~. nre leaving. Mr. terHorst did :mi: ~Pis.in that the late hours kept hlm

The Bookshelf "~itilm in Protest: Political and I .E~ti cAoices Between Loyalty to feain a11•i LOyC1lty to Conscience in

A.11&t-riea" Public Life" . z,, 3Jll'\lni Weisband and Thomas M. r : :f'J"Ud;.. Gn.i..-sman. 236 pages. $10. f

a.irn.r from bis family. And Dr. Ray dld not t. sav ~ ~ted to go back to her research :

': az:d ~sching. Both went not with a whim- (·_. ; ~- tat '\\"ith a bang. l · Xci:her csn expect to work in govern- \ ' ~ a,nin. That is one of the main points ~ : "'- a :i.i-vo l».>k by Edward Welsband and ~ · 'l""..Q!Il.&S Frsnck-"Resignation in Pro- ~ ~--To~ in protest-and to tell the \

: potE.: ~--is to violate one of the ~~- r ; i::::.a.n- rules of U.S. government service. if : T"l ~'' :;tsnd the heat, please leave the ; ki:c!:~Y the back door and quietly.

• • • Pre~nt Franklin D. Roosevelt once

said ro :\ll aide: "Tell that man to go see , De3n A.:~:son to learn how a gentleman [ ns:.ras. ·· In 1933, as Under Secretary of 1. tl:e -Trt-~ury. ~Ir. Acheson was asked to { do s:unething he believed Illegal. He left l t!:!e .ro, ..... nunent, but without public com· ~ ]:i.a'~~- .:tmonstrating his deference to the \ nar.n ,-,: wun loyalty that qualified him to I re~ ~ Roosevelt administration elght !'

~ :~ttr as Assistant Secretary of State .. • T"....i.S :s not the way the system should t ~ \Tl'\te ~e authors. "If a course of ac· \ ticn :s ~rcei\'ed to be so wrong, so unethl· 1

cal ~ :Uoad\'ised, as to warrant a person '1

\

siemr.t~:-.g himself from those embarked . ~ ::. is it not wrong-and undermining [ oi. rs;.:!!. :n the whole system-to leave In f, s:;;r.:h j ~· as to give the public the im· j ~-n wt all ts well?" \ • ~ ~uthors argue that a public official, · r.:.e ,..mtronted with a policy he deeply , ~, ..... -.. s.bould either stay and fight, or \ ~ $nd fight. But, they. conclude, "to \ ~ i.:l silence or with false reassurance ta·.- pWllic_ that .tbere:·:ts nothing wrong =-~ ~· least ethically d~.fenslble \

,.

'/f

·~ y

I·•."-. • . ·: ,~;,,· ~::~~·v:~;,~-i~ Their book ls, in part,- a brief for-.. ethl~

cal autonomy," which .they define as "the willingness to assert one's own· principled judgment, even if that entails violating rules, values or perceptions of the organi-

: zatlon, peer group, or team." Not that "ethical autonomy" dictatc>.s a resignation over any disagreement; rather it demands an analysis of policy that is independent of the pressures of governmental colleagues.

Such pressures result in what Irving J~nis .!n his book, "The Victims of Group­thmk, called the "effectiveness trap," a. ~atch 2~ _which says that to contest a pol­icy decision to which you· object. Is to de­stroy your effectiveness to contest future decisions. Similarly, an -official who finds a policy so wrong that it requires him to find other employment nevertheless concludes that to protest publicly will serve not to change the policy, but only to label himself a kook. Again, to jeopardize one's personal reputation is ta jeopardize one's future ef-fectiveness. ·

"Resignation in Protest" chronicles im­portant 20th Century protest resignations from William Jennings Bryan to Harold L. Ickes, to Elliot L. Richardson and William D. Ruckelshaus. - _,

It also analyzes the opportunity for fu. ture government employment of those who

, left with a public protest and those who did 1 not and the ethical dilemma of resignation : ("In America, the ·system forces men to : choose between their consciences and their '. careers"}.

• • • Significantly, however, . authors Weis­

band and Franck do not merely deplore the political incentives that discourage protest resiignations that · could result in open and informed . policy debates. Nor do they oply exhort public officiails to reveal their policy disagreementil. They also seek !

: ways to encourage what they consider : ; more ethical behavior. I ' For this purpose, they include a compa- 1 '. ratlve analysis of British and American ~-

resignation habits. In Great Britain it Is considered Immoral to resign over a dis· ' agreement with the prime minister and l then blame one''il ulcer. And to resign over/ a sincere policy difference does 'not appear I to hurt a British politician's career. I

Lloyd George, Neville Chamberlain, An­thony Eden and Harold Wilson all resigned\ from a prime minister's cabinet In public\ protest. In Great Britain, resignations re­quire a public explanation and despite the Official Secrets Act no minister has been' puntshed for revealing foreign policy ·or military secrets when. docmnentlng his reasons. ·· •.

Authors Weisband and Franck conclude that the British system works better be­cause, In contrast to those who serve In the American presidential . cabinet, British ministers come to the prime minister's cabinet with an independent political base. Further, If they decide to resign, they are not ostracized from the parliamentary "club" but retain a. respected. public plat· form : a back-bench in the House of Com­mons. And they are considered prime can­didates to head a future government .. Con· sequently, the authors recommend that we copy the British cabinet system by enact­ing a constitutlonal;,8.J!l-~~ent requiring the President to select bis .~s from

membe_rs ~f ~~~?[{;;~J1:;,: ,,,,_iJ ~

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d~/'il>ftnunent has become an academic vogue. But it is just too n:eat to assert that a conversion to the British system ~l .. solve our problems. It has not solved Brit- \) ain's. Still, the recommendations of ~­Messrs. Weisband and Franck deserve at· tention and debate-neither of whic~ they

1 have so far received.

Robert D. Behn is an associate flTOf?s· sor aiDt"'6 t7tiWer8'ty's·lnBtUu&a, of Policy Sctences,and Public Affairs. ,!

-

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l_.··.J'· 1 · ' . The President's Railroad Jlf essage

.\ .\

PRESIDENT FORD'S proposals to Congress on how to · revitalize the railroad industry would ·have been bold and imaginative a decade or two ago. But given the situation in that industry today, they are a dissap­pointment. The package he sent to Congre~ last Mon­day combines ·a substantial amount of deregulation with $2 billion in federal loans. This is, in essence, mere­ly a revised and somewhat enlarged version of legisla­tion that passed the House of Representatives last year. It simply is not broad enough in scope to do the job that . needs to be done. · ·

The President's message accompanying these proposals, however, does appear to· set out the philosophical frame­work in which this administration is going to try to handle all of the nation's transportation problems. And that framework may explain why the railroad plan is inadequate. The administration's proposals rest on the idea· that this industry can solve its own problems if government will get partially out of the way-but only partially. Government is still expected, at the same time, to make it possible for the railroads to raise substantial amounts of low interest money. ~sumably, the plans for other parts of the transportation industry, which the President said would be forthcoming shortly, will follow this same general principle. In other words, a Shift back towards an unregulated, more competitive system is believed ·by the administration to be sufficient to get the railroads back onto a financially sound basis:

While this particular approach is not, in itself, bad, · 'it: seems to us not to ·face up to the enormous size of t!he railroad problem. We doubt that $2 billion is

. enough m()ney to rehabilitate the . railroads and we .· doubt that the railroads will ever be able to pay that ·m.oney ·back, unless there are staggering surprises in other parts of the administration's transportation pro­gram. The favoritism shown .by government over the

-------·--·------ - -------

last few decades to the competitors of the railroads­trucks and barges-is not going ·to be wiped out by $2 billion in long term loans. Simply reducing regula­tion in all three industries and thus increasing com­petition will undoubtedly let the railroads gain an edge in some markets, but it is not likely to change the edge that trucks and barges have ·from operating. on subsid­ized highways and waterways. ·

The . major question we see in the administration's proposals to reduce regulation of the railroads is wheth· er they . go far . enough. The Interstate Commerce . Com­mission has presided over transportation issues with a dead hand far too long. We are not sure that the limits on its. regulatory power proposed by the President are sufficiently loose to give the railroads the kind of flexi­bility to which they are now entitled.

, ' The administration, of course, has not yet committ~. itself on the .problem -of the bankrupt railroads in the ·

· Northeast. And, in a sense, it is unfair to judge the' President's railroad plan until he proposes some solu­tion to that mess. But the indications aie that tlhe ad-

. ministration is going to favor some kind of "controlled liquidation" of these bankrupt companies· in which seg­ments of their tracks would be acquired by other rail­roads. ff that is so, the application of the principle set out in this first railroad message is likely to be a disaster. Long-term loans and minimal government in­volvement will not be enough· to make those bankrupt

·lines solvent ag3.in. Sooner or later, the administration is going to have to give serious ~onsidesration to sup- ·

. plementary measures such as direct subsidies to rail­road companies, purchase and maintenance of roadbeds,· or direct operation of some railroads. While we under- · stand this administration's reluctance to see the govern-.: ,, '" m.ent become more deeply involved in the railroad business, we do not see any other feasible alternative.

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. .

J 1.•:: Overridi11g . the Strip. Mine Veto

I N VETOING the strip mine bill yesterday; the .PreSi~ · dent did more than side with an industry that ,

has shown a consistent disregard for the land. Mr. · Ford also showed that he had little appreciation for the fairminded efforts that Congress made in putting White House-requested compromises. into . the bill. It isn't as though the legislation that was vetoed last

. December was unusually harsh. It wasn't. And it isn't as though Congre$s came back this time with a tougher bill. Instead, more than half the changes recommended by the White· House since the last veto were made.

In vetoing the weakened legislation, Mr~ Ford has chosen to gamble that he can sustain an qverride by Congress . .A vote is scheduled today in the House. All

· indications suggest that the vote Will be close; on the merits of the arguments in favor of the bill, we support an override. Mr. Ford did not come forward with a persuasive case in his veto message. He said, for example, that jobs will be lost· by the bill, but this contradicts what the former Secretary ._of the Interior Rogers Morton testified last February-that the land reclamation provisions will lead to a net gain in employment. It also goes against the experience in many states that have strip mine laws. It is ironic that the President discusses joh losses, when over the years large numbers of workers in the coalfields have Jost their employment as the industry turned increasingly from deep mining to strip mining. Mr.

:' :·

Ford predicts that' consumers will be paylng higher' electric bills, but as Rep. Morris Udall (D-Ariz.) points out, • "increased utility bills are a product of the price of oil and coal which have ·been artificially inflated. If anything, coal companies are concerned that recla- · mation methods may cut into their excessive• profits." The President believes that coal production will be unnecessarily reduced; again, experience in such places as Pennsylvania suggests a different outcome.

In fom, the President has made no arguments in his veto message that have not been thoroughly debated in the past five years in Congress. If any element in the debate has been missing, it has been an awareness among some of those who ha·ve ·been against strip. mining that conservation legislation means more than merely stopping the excesses of a given industry. It . also means getting the message to the consumers of .such fuels as coal that the old ways of thoughtless energy consumption are over and no one will be exempt from paying the new costs. In the case of strip mining, the excesses of the industry have been large and it would be less t.han honest to pretend that the remedy will not be expensive. But these costs are a necessary investment in the repair and preservation of the American countryside. They need not impede coal , production. On the contrary, the purpose of this legis- · lation is tO make expanded production compatible with , the values of conservation.

P<fS·r

THE NEW YORK Tllrf_E_;:'fP,~~.4.Y, _MAY I; l9?Sj

. rd Hails 2 G~vernors f _,. ' ,.,~I

or Refugee Assistance?! ~ o•.Y-(

-WASHINGTON, May 5 j

· (UPI) - President Ford has·: thanked the Governors of Ar· -i

-kansas and Florida for .sup· -j porting Vietnam resettlement activities in their states but · pointedly ignored a critic of the evacuation, Gov. Edmond G. Brown Jr. of California. -.

Ron Nessen, White House:'. press secretary said today_ that Mr. Ford telephoned his appreciation Friday to' Govs. David Pryor of Arkansas and Gov. Reubin Askew of Flori­da for their words of wel· come to the evacuees. Eglin Air Force base in Florida and Fort Chaffee in Arkansas, are two of three major re­settlement points .for South· Vietnamese refugees.

Camp Pendleton in Call· I fornia is the third Evacuation • -base, but Governor Brown1 ~ _ has been a critic of_ the in~ ;-i.._

flux of refugees there. Asked\~ if Mr. Fox had telephoned' Governor _Brown too, Mr; Nessen simply laughed.

The Senate Democratic leader Mike Mansfield - of Montana, said today that the bositility expressed by many Americans toward arriving -Vietnamese refugees was un­derstandable "in view of the economic picture." but he and the Senate. Republican lead~ : er, Hugh Scott of Pennsjit­vania said they expected _ more humane considerations' to become dominant. -,

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Ford's Choice on Farm Bill: Votes·•· Or Principle •Sometime within the ne:ict two weeks

President Ford must decide whether or not to veto an emergency fatm bill that has . been · approved by a House-Senate conference committee. His decision is not an easy one to make; it involves fiscal concerns, poli­tical considerations and ideology, all pulling the President in different direc-

. tions. On fiscal, as well as ideological,

ground, ·Mr. Ford opposes any increase in Federal backing for farmers. This · year's program of farm subsidies and price supports already · costs the Government $6Rfmillion. The new measure, which closely resembles the version of the bill passed by the House, would add $210-miJIJan more

. in supports and suMfu1es, according ti) agriculture experts in Congress, or $470-mi~ljgp more, according to Secre'trryo Agriculture .Earl. A; Butz.

Mr:. Butz is pushing Mr. Ford to veto the bill. He shares a belief with the President that the Government should be getting out of the support business, not more deeply tied to it; particularly when :a .. Jarge Federal budget deficit is already a certainty and Mr. Ford is continually attacking Congressional Democrats for enlarging i·t This is -a view strongly held .. by other Republican fiscal conservatives who want the Presidel1ll: to veto the bill. . •'

. However, .Republicans in the Senate . ,and House Agriculture Committees. re-. . cently met with him in the White

House and, ideology aside, asked him to sign the bill for political reasons. Their point is that the Midwestern farm states were essential to Republi­can . success in 1968 and that Mr. Ford · will· need them should he be the party's candidate. .

The measure still must clear both houses of Congress, and is expected to do. so. There is the possibility that the bill will pass· with the necessa­ry two-thirds vote to override a Pres­idential veto. That might permit Mr. Ford the luxury of a symbolic action, in which farmers get what they want and he can point to his faithfulness

· to fiscal orthodoxy. That approach could . be politically risky as well. ' Democrats are not likely ·to Jet the farmers forget who tried to kill t.he bill and who saved It. . .. " · •

Re~edi~~--~S~~ni~~t''; ·/;: ;:~·. · ~·· · ·-·~!/;;;::. Cost: ,The P.~J~ jS,tJiat:traditl0nally, the•North­

east, part.foularly the New England• states, have had to pay the highest price for energy of any secti()n in the country. The Northeast is, farthest from.domes~ic· supplies of_ oil and natural gas and an import ,Con. ·,.; trol program in existence until 1973 prevented ;the •i then cheaper foreign supplies, from reducing costs ; in the area. The spiraling price of foreign oil has in- , i creased fuel costs, primariiy in this . regfon, ·and the') proposed tariff would add even more to tills ce>St. ''\

_: . The Federal Power Commi~ston found· that as of ,·;: April, 1974, th!! cost of oil in New England per mil· ._.• lion BTU'S was .$1.99 compared with $1.96 in the .::f.l Mid-Atlantic states and $1.74 in ·the. West .South~ '<'! Central region. Natural gas casts in New. England ·:; .were $1.16, compared With 59.5'. cents in· the Mid~ - ·. Atlantic and 3~.l cents in the West SoµJh CentraJ: :'. states. · _ _ · ·- · '. . . . • · . -: : __

How can the Northeast be helped? ;Mo~t ·leadE!rS· :; want to . equalize energy ·costs· in '.all sect.Qrs . of. the~ .. '.

··country. Some insist on IOvrier.pr.icesfor:aU fuels·.: wthile others are willing to see· natilral gas costs ad- :

-·vance. · ·· - · · · .·.; · i .·· __ . ·- .-~:;

A memo from the New England Economic Re".' ·~~ search Office to the New England Congressional . ~ Caucus issued early this month contends that an. ef- ! fective national energy policy must meet the follow- ,, :' ing criteria: help to make jobs; inst1re that -all re-. ; : gions of the country bear equitable ; burdens; place: .. ,,; the major burdens· of conservation on tihose best .. -_ .. able to make sacrifices, and· avoid rationmg.: .· · ·

President Ford's energy program calls frir a tariff . on foreign oil and an excise tax on· domestic· oil and. ., natural ·gas as a conservation mea.~re.: The tariff.is ·~; expected to increase the problem . for the. Northeast : ·i because of the region's heavy reliance on foreign oil, i for heat and power. The· excise tax 'on crude oil-.;: and natural gas, on the other hand, is designed to · · \ spread the . burden more. equitably across the · l country. Critics maintain, !however, that it will do so '· .'

· at an extremely high price and that the Northeast· ? will still have .the neaviest burden. _· . ·. . . .·< '"

For their part; spokesmen for the West. South Central states argue that fuel costs for their region should not go up because t!lley have been producing the nation's fuel and taking the risks of pollution. · They are critical of many spokesmen in. the Northeast

. for asking that energy• costs be equalized •across- the nation and at the same time asking that ·no oil drill, ing or refining operations take place in their area.. .

In a recent letter to The New York Times, 'Gover-· nor Dolph Briscoe said that "The large role Texas plays in our domestic energy picture has ~de a national attitude on our part viable in the :past, but more and more of late I ,have begun to view the provincia,iism ofNew England and of other'.ccinsum­ing states in the Union as perhaps a more; realistic approach .to my own state's domestic problems.

"If I were to follow the lead-of the New England states-, I could call: for the state's energy"relate1hin~'. dtistries to fill the needs of Texa.S.consumerfbefore

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. . : .:~.:·.··'·::.:;~,.~··1\~···::~~;?:~~'Y "-:,s~ ·-· . 9 ~ Ford, Rqq·k~f~Rer, Jarid privacy -~.;. . .

:~ ;

In addition to his welcome re- organized· crime - though the peated statements supporting the Justice Department and Supreme right of privacy, Preflident Ford Court questioned the need for such . has recently given two other in· surveillance. By 1969, the first full .. dications that ?re recognize~ cur- year of federally authorized police i rent threats to thjs right - and the · wiretapping to be surveyed by t importanceofmeetingthem. .. Congress, New York State used

•By signing ·the far-reaching some six times as many court· new aid-to-education legislation, approved wiretaps as the Justice he approved a provision known as Department itself did throughout the Family Educational Rights the country. · . and Privacy Act of 1974._. This _ It is to be hoped that, as privacy ensures that parents aµd students committee chairman, Mr. Rock· have access to school records con- efeller would build on the regard tairung personal information so for safeguarding individual liber­that they can offer corrections. ties he expressed several years The act also prohibits opeiling ago in recogn1zing •'the need to these records to others without assure careful control of ilus tech" parental permission, except in ruque of law enforcement [wire­certain restricted c~es. tappirig and electroruc surveil·

• When asked what Mio:. Rock· lance], so that it will remain a efeller's role would be if con· servant of· society and not its firmed as Vice-President, Mr. oppressor." Ford anticipated Mr. Rockefel· · Already the committee has ler would- take over Mr. Ford's prompted action toward pre· Vice-presidential duty as head of. serving another aspect of privacy the Domestic Council Committee - through preparation of an exec· on the Right of Privacy. Mr. utive order . restricting White Rockefeller's prestige and energy House access to Internal Revenue should guarantee that the com· Service lricome tax returns. Con· mittee would not languish. But gress is rightly watching this to be Mr. Rockefeller would be judged sure it does not interfere with on results. more comprehensive IRS controls

Mr. Ford is on record against inpendinglegislation. illegal wiretapping, for example. Ot}ler privacy legislation deals But Mr. Rockefeller, as Governor with the various threats posed by !

of New York, vetoed a bill that data processing, both as it con· would have prohibited the use in cerns criminal files and as it criminal trials of evidence g&.ined offers possibilities for misuse of through illegal wiretapping. or perso'nal information. eavesdropping. Later, when the In the area of search and sei· i Supreme Court judged New York zure, both houses of Congress I eavesdropping laws uncon· _recently repealed the 1970 ''no· i stitutional, Mr. Rockefeller fa· lmock" ·drug l'aid law, under I vored new legislation permitting which many innocent families had wiretapping and electroruc sur- been broken in on and terrorized. I veillance as "perhaps tile. single. Clearly Washington has a fresh ,. most effective weapons'' agatnat . -~g&.rd for the right of privacy, ,

· · .'"/ . :;>·: .. ~d all must help to maintain it. - .. -· ··~ ... : J·.>:, -- ' ---· __ ._ ·----

~:::;:n::;. r ' • • I

FdrcD: A Real End to the Honeymoon For the first time since he became

President, Gerald Ford went home to Grand Rapids and a hero's welcome last week. Five hundred people ignored a downpour to greet their native son at the air;Jr·'.. 10,000 more rallied down­town to cheer wiltlly as he told them, "I am prejudiced, but I think we have the best here, and all of you who are here represent the best in America." Ford shook hands and slapped familiar backs, conferred privately wi'.h local pol­iticians and union leaders and good­naturedly donned a Shriner's fez, and the Repi;bb::an cand:ca!e for his o'.d Cor:.g:es5ional seat rejoi;:ed hopefully

ing with Soviet chid Lco11icl llrczlrncv. The gravest peril was the economy,

and its plight was underscored with the news that unemployment in October rose to 6 per cent, the highest level in three years. At a surprise press conference, Ford stopped short of his customary in­sistence that the nation was not in a recession; the precise word, he said, was "immaterial. We have problems." Ford publicly expressed confidence in the 31-point package he proposed last month, and privately he urged his Cabinet to come up with the requisite $5.4 billion in budg~t cuts. "You mmt carry the ball," he to!d them, "a:od if you don't score,

UPI

it's vour fault." Blend: The President's

mo:t ir,;mcdiate p:ob!em was the smoldering contro­versv over nockefeller. Ford cont.inued to vow "strong support" for !:;:; Vcep-des:g­nate, but Congress was in­creasingly d!:.tmbed by the Rockefe!!er b!end of money and power. The disclosure of an additional $500,000 in loans and g;fts, inc'.ud;ng an $84,000 loan to former Treasury Scc:ctary P.obert B. Anderson, merely added weight to t'.1e growing doubts about Rockefeller's confirmation.

Playmaker Ford: 'You must carry the ball'

After meeting with oth­er members of the House Judiciary Committee, retir­ing New York Republican Henry Smith estimated that the odds for committee ap­proval were 50-50, and only moderately better in the House. By another count, however, Rockefeller was assured the support of only 15 of the committee's 38 members, the sole Demo­crat being chairman Peter

that the Presidential blessing would pro­vide the margin of victory. But it was a measure of Ford's problems that the outcome of the race remained conspicu­ouslv in doubt.

F~rd stumped through six more states, donning a succession of improbable hats and hunkering down at an Oregon fund raiser to snap off an autographed football that had been a11ctioned for $2, 700. B11t his hricf hospital \'is it with cx-1'rcsiclc11t Hidiard Nixo11 11111h-rli11nl llw \V;1lcr­gatc connection I hat I he p;1rty had been trying to forget, and the GOP was braced for disaster r.t the polls this week. And after the election, Ford would finally be forced to grapple with his real problems: the deteriorating economy, the fight to confirm Nelson Rockefeller as Vice President, the need to replace Nixon holdovers in the gov­ernment and a major overseas trip­including a potentir.lly difficult meet-

Rodino-who planned to vote "aye" to avoid influencing the verdict of the full House. Ilut speculation was rising on the Hill that Rockefeller m:ght withdraw before that. . ~

Hockcfcller's prospects were no better in the Senate Hules Committee, which i was scheduled to reopen hearings on the { nomination next week. 'llockefeller's chances for confirmation are slim, very slim or finished," said one Democratic ,, Sc11alc aide. The sc11ators, prohahly led hy \Vest Virginia Democrat Hohert Byrd, are expected to interrogate P.ockcfcller closely about covert financing of cam­paign biographies and his largesse to friends and aides-piimarily a $625,000 gift to New York-New Jersey Port Au­thority chief William J. Ronan, long a Hocky protcgc. Ronan so far has failed to tell the committee precisely where the money went, and he may be sub­poenaed. Confirmation is thus "going to

Newsweek, November 11, 1974 .

NATIONAL AFFAIRS

I><· Olll' lwll of a fi ...:· .. al1· slall«·r, "and .. s1•11ators n·ailv cl111,.

l."orcl is ,.,·lll'<"i<'•. poi11l1111·11ts, i11cl11d:· _ Cdii1tf't, i11 tlw \'.c

ga11 1111' sl1ak1·-1q1 clrnTl11t·'s. firi11g 111i11islralor j11h11 :- ... lw1·11 a11 011!.spok .. 11 l'IJllS("l'\"ati1i11 !lll"a"t~c··. li11c lax hike that t~:,· .-­has adamant!~· oppc":·:. talked too gocldan::: good," one aide saic. -:'_- = :.:...': fire from environrnf:~: __ .·:· experts. Sawhill's ''°~-'_":~"~:c' .. drew Gibson, a sornf:::~-., !'e whose most rece::: ·~ .:o::: _._ the leasing of oil k.;;=­,.!1ke. c1!~1troversy .. TJ:r : :.-.:c l·ord s new team ,o;; :·.:,,:-.;-·

011 aides, rcsh11ffieci .,: . .:. : .:~ - · · l11terior Secretarv F\,o~o:-' _- -~ -a veteran politicia;; -._,:.,::;.,· -_: _ _. orcl tabbed him as : .-pop11lar action 011 t'Tll'~ ~-.

Ford's plllitical , .;:· : .. Although the latest <~ .. his approval rating :.: -­rrn111 ;j() per ("{'II( :,.'_'

pardrn1, tl1al is still 1111' rali11gs sd I>\ '""'' first Jew 111011ll1s. i:,,,-,, oric on behalf "f the,~,,._. s11ggcstio11 that a !),--· ·. :'.. ··

threatl'm'd \\"orld i'' : .. • Democrats-am! 11t':t L, nor the i11cu111he11ls r~ .. ::· . likl'ly to gin• thl' l':c •: ... : · · ho11cnnoo11. For Forci. L,'l·:' • th11s ·mean the ht•1!11111101c: ": work of the 1'residt•;1c'. .

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. ,.,,,""~-·'2WASHINGTON vi--·~~~~~~~~~~~~~

. ~to rest.pre the constitutlorial balance, u.d ~ spirit has been fortified in the !Hth Congress by the younger and n~ aggressive men and women who By James Reston

· w.re elected last ·November. • WAStIINGTON, Feb. ·1s-Presideti.t Since the Democrats now control the • 'Potd has recently been irivoki~ ~e Congress wtth large majorities, it is

n:arne of his fellow-townsrr.a.r lo:.lm easy to see this opposition as partisan; Grand Rapids, tile late Senatc-.4" .t.ru ur but the truth is that· the Democrats

"·Vandenberg, in the hope of creating cannot agree among themselves most 7 bipartisan or nonpartisan support for of the time, let alone organize a IOiid · his foreign policy. party attack against the Republicans . . -~ "When one pal".ty control~ the Con- The Vandenberg contribution to .. :gress, as did the . Republican 80th American foreigri. policy· in the early .~Congress, and_ the other party controls postwar years was impressive, even .the White House, as did Presid1!nt historic, but the ·ilnpulse for his con-

'- 'Truman's party, there must be cciopera- version came primarily from elsewhere. tion," Mr. Ford remarked in New York · John· Foster Dulles convinced him

:.~the other night; "or as Senator Yan- that if rockets could. be fired across '.'."denberg said, 'America would be de- the English Channel it was only a : void of any toreign policy at.all.'" matter of time before they could be

-Tue President concluded: "We need fired across the oceans, destroying the nonpartisanship in foreign affairs to- notion of a safely isolated America.

. day more than ever before. We need Dulles, Tom Dewey and others also ·more, not less, confidence in the honest persuaded· him that it was not fa the motives and_ higlr patriotic concerns interests of. the. nation or the Re-

.,i>fone another." . . publican· party .to oppose American . ·.. '.!'his is obviously true, but it is a poor participation ... in a new world peace · historicail analogy. For the opposition organization, as Henry Cabot had led .'·to President Ford's foreign policy in the battle against Woodrow Wilson '..the Congress is not partisan. The op- and the League of Nations. ~·,position is real, and although some- Thus, the so-called bipartisan foreign .. times misguided, it is not motivated policy was originally a limited and ·'by considerations of .political party informal agreement between the

.. .,interest. .-· Roosevelt and Dewey forces to keep ~· . The President jg upset because the the formation of the. United Nations · ·Congress amended his trade bill, cut from becoming a partisan issue in the

off military aid to Turkey, and threat- Presidential election of 1944. ens to reject · his appeal for the Secretaries of State Byrnes, Marshall appropriation of over $500 million in and Acheson-particularly Acheson­milita.ry aid to South Vietnam and took the read in bringing Vandenberg Cambodia. But the opposition on all Into their confidence in the ea,rly days

- three of these issues comes from both of the formulation. of the Truman ·. sides of the !lisle, .as. does the. opposi- Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the "'·1Joit to his energy policy. North Atlantic alliance. "-"· Actually, President Ford is getting In fact, when these concepts were· ,, more support from the leaders of the originally broached to him, he was

94th Democratic Congress on most usually st.a.rtled and negative, but after '"foreign· policy· issues than President daily consultation for weeks and .;;Truman got from the 80th Republican months, he not only influenced ·the ·~Congress. Privately, he applauds the shape of the policies but worked out •' support he gets from the majority with the Administration' in advance '·leader in the Senate, Mike Mansfield, · the best way to present the new poli­·: and from the Speaker and majority cies to the Congress. _ .~leader in the House, Cari. Albert and .. secretary of. State Kissinger, like ... ,Tip O'Neill; but publicly and surprls- - President Ford, has talked about a .. ,if13)y, he chooses to blame his .troubles "partnership" with Congress in _ the . :J>n party motives. formulation of foreign policy but it

:, '"'" Presidents seem to like this tech- cannot be said, for all his exertions, :-,•.nique, for the. voters tend to support · that he has beeJt as forehanded or as ,; ·_vpolicies that are rejected for reasons candid with this Congre5s as Truman

of politics. Harey Truman, who seems _and Acheson were with Vandenberg , .- . to ha.ve become Mr. Ford's model, and the 80th. ' ·. ~~ew this better than most. For while Seldom a day went by in that critical ~··he praised Vandenberg and boasted of early postwar period that Secretary \'~'."°the bipartisan foreign policy achieve- Acheson did not call on Senator Van­--.~ ;;uients of the Vandenberg days, he won · denberg at his apartment in the Ward-

his spectacular victory in 1948 by man Park Hotel. No two men could . running against "the do-nothing 80th have been more· different in tempera-

','~~ ~ongress." .. · ·• .. . ._ · _ ! -ment or. style, but they created pre-:;,-··· President Ford's trolibles on foreign cisely the kind of "partnership"

·:: . .P.olicy stem from· sincere differences. President Ford is now demanding. The ~":.They also arise much more from the . difference then was that Truman took .:~:~vival of Congressional confidence the initiative. It was only later, when __ ·than any new spasm of party spirit. tl_t_~_80th Congi:ess had gjven him just '~~.~:-"-The.abuses of Presidential power in abo11Ceverythi.1Jg h&- ~ted in the -~:;~yietriam. and Watergate produced a foreign field, that he ·attacked it· · new determination· in the last Congress . politically for doing ·~uung." -- -··

'·;·.:·.

.. · 1---~ ~:,<:.). .·~:;·:·') '·~- -·~~ :_~ _..;,. ~·~4"'.:..,,!::....~:·.;.".' ~~~·. _. '. ~-:.:: _ •. ,,

.. ·... · · . . x !-~~:;:~~~.~~. "'"''· 1~;, ~;~ £,;;~\'~s~: · .·. · · TEMBER 21 1'1~ /, assure himself a Southern sweep in 1976? What is he •, 'J'HE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY, SEP . · '... :;y}ioing_~() hold Republicans in the fold? What is he doing to

1;·_ ·---

·The Nation/continued

·Ford Has a Southern Tactic, Not A Strategyx,

By B~:DRUMMOND AYRES Jr.

. ATLANTA - One of the key elements in Richard Nixon's capture of the Presidency in 1968 was his "Southern strat· egy." · ~e promised to slow desegregation and appoint conser­

vatives. to the Supreme Court and, in return, Southern Republicans played a major role in nominating him. and

. Southern. Democrats were instrumental in electing him. lncreasmgly, many· Dixie politicians think President Ford

will nee<I some sort of Southern strategy if he is to be ·renominated and re-elected in 1976.

First, they point out that 13 Southern and border states will , hold the. biggest regional . block of strength at riext year s Republican convention - 606 of 2,259 votes.

Second, they contend that the candidate of a conservative minority party cannot win a national election ·unless h~ sweeps these states, which have 147 of the 270 electoral votes needed for victory. · · •

M~. ~ord has made a few, Dixie overtures, mainly by appomtmg several .Southerners to high office. But thus far he does not seem to have any clear cut strategy for the r~gion. . . ·

Perhaps this is because the issues are no longer so .clear­cut in the South.

Dixie is still a stronghold of conservatism. But the old gut issues that . once overshadowed everything else and ~ould ~e politically exploited with ease are slipping rapidly

· mto history.· . · . · • • · The desegregation drive. has Rtoved North. The Supreme : , Court is now ir.r.lmed to the right. Senator Strom Thurmond,

the South Carolina Republican who was among ·the first to demand that Mr. Nixon offer the South concessions back in 1968, is now courting the black vote.

·what.worries the South these days more than anythino ~lse is what worries the rest of. the. co'untry more tha; anything else, r1o:mely, the economy.· · . When Southern governors convened in Florida last week for their annual conference, the only matter they discussed at length was the economy and how it might be affected by the energy cr~sis and further Federal ·spending. ·

· -,(convince· Democrats, who are in the majority in the. South, · to ·C:om~ across to the Republicans? . : . "'· .. ~ :: - ··.· .

. niOirgli" he has been criticized for -inaction on the economy by m~ny voters. elsewhere. Mr. Ford's spending vetoes are proof enough to some Southerners that he has his priorities in order, that he is trying to do something about the econ­omy, first and foremost. Southern blacks, wh() want and need Federal aid programs, are not happy; but conservative Southern· whites think they finally detect a slowdown in what they call "Government waste."

The President's appointment of former Secretary of the Army Howard Callaway as his campaign m·anager has been taken by many Southerners, particularly Republicans, as a solid indication that he has not forgotten the political im­portance of Dixie. To reinforce this perception, Mr .. Ford has periodically visited the South. ·

Since he appointed David Mathews, an Alabamian, as Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, a number of Southerners have taken hope that the Federal agency. that has troubled them most is at least to be reined in; Mr. Ford's recent antibusing statements, though aimed. primarily at the North this academic fall, have atso a~ded tO his Southern lustre.

Nor has his hard-nosed handling of the Mayagilez .incident been ·forgotten by the people of a region that sends an ab­normal amount of. its young men and wonien into the armed services.

But all of this hardly constitutes a Nixon version of Southern strategy. It seems more like a holding action.

The Nixon strategy would demand Mr. Ford's.disavowal of Nelson Rockefeller as his 1976 running mate. This the President has refused to do though the Vice President is con­sidered by many Southerners to be far too liberal.

When the leaders of all Southern Republican parties met . recently in North Carolina to discuss Presidential politics, they concluded that Mr. Rockefeller was a "bugaboo." They were particularly worried that his 'presence on the 1976 ticket would hurt not only Mr. Ford but also Dixie Republi­cans running for Congressional state and local offices. ·

'The South is still controlled by Democrats at the county level, where habit often outweighs issues. But Republican candidates are beginning to win elections ~t the national and state level, where Democrats frequently can be tagged, correctly or not, as liberals or tired old political hacks.

A third of the South's Governors and Senators and a fourth of its Congressmen are now Republicans. Some Southern states have gone Republican in several of the Presidential elections held since World War II.

One measure of Southern antipathy toward Mr. R0cke­feller can be found in a recent Harris Poll. It reported that one of every three Southern Republicans would not vote Republican in 1976 if Mr. Rockefeller remains on the ticket. ·

Where would the dissidents go? Perhaps to a ticket headed by Gov. George C. Wallace

of Alabama or former Gov. Ronald Reagan of California. Both men have strong Southern followings. As third.

party candidates, some polls indicate, they would siphon off more Republican than Democratic votes. Mr. Reagan conceivably could cause renomination difficulties· for Mr. Ford. .

The Vice President is fillly aware of the problems he raises in the South for the President.

He has dipped into Dixie several times in recent weeks .. ·- '" i.,.,..,,~-, ;'h•' rvi 1c """f·.u-...1~~ .. o-t. <le&ic"'t:~~-ti~e. ··MS.'·.

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: ·Laird i on whJ;FOl'd 1SlifJS':ihfl)ij11~ ... :_ j ·&y~odfreySperllJagjr'.;-:::-·_ll("I .. for the m~I~ v«:rifi~ti~ ~in the;: . .

· ~:, Staffcorrespondentof < .t?!_ ;-:': .. SALT lstrateg1carmshm1tat1on talks>~';:·:·'· ''The Christian Science MonitOr .:e ·. ,.::c ment with the Soviets,_ . _. _ . . · : '

-· . '.:, , · ._-;. ' - ··. . ..... _ - , WashtDgfcift· <:\:_ He a~ded: ·~we Should ne-ier be· dePeD~t : ·Melvin Laird, long-time close associate and · _ ·on a third country on SALT. We ~ve adequate ' '

-1 8dviser to President Ford, says he believes • means of verification on Soviet , missiles Mr. Ford will have to bring unemployment ·· .. Without Turkey'." ... _. , . .· _ '··- "' down to 7 percent and inflation to 6 percent to . >· • Nelson .. A, .. ltocltefeller,' remairied ·bis be elected next year. ·. · _.· · _ , choice for Vice-President next year'.. . . . · /

, Both figures are somewhat higher than · . •.Although he expressed a lack of mterest in , · ' current administration estimates. . takmg the secretary of state position if Mr. , . -· Later when asked if the President' wo'Uld -Ford is elected ·and asks hini, Mr, Laird did · . have t9 ,reach those percentages precisely' ·~ . not ~ in sever~ ~ers - entirel~ close the r ·.·

M~, Laird indicated Mr. Ford w.ould have to:.·•·.doortothe~-1~!hty._ .. ::,,;~,. , .,.,,_,,,,,,,. ;, _:· come very close. . . , . . . . . . . . . , __ . •.On labor: . I think we have the most ·

)\ Asked why Jie-Jh~( the ~t's;.' ·resp0nsibie labor movement rlght here lo the : popularity rating bad been . droi}ping lately, }'.'~. J.Jnited States!' When a :.: reporter 'aSkecf( Mr. Laird attributed much of it to a failure of SGeor:ge' Meany's positon on ·.Mr. Foi-d, , Mr,, •· the American people to understand Mr. Ford's->:'. Laird said: "Meany hasn't. rushed out and:",,

-energyprogr~ ~to~":hyitshoul~have~'{ 'proposedanyothercaiididate:"_., . , : .. L.n;; .. : ·· takeafurtherrJSemthe~ofgasolme ... ,.;.·; .•On a.possible Ford health_P,rOgram.next. _ ' .. Mr: Laird.took. these positions: .. },;;,\/::)year:."It will be a riational.-tiealth.~:-.

1• /1 ~ _'·~~rtllg8J ~ustbe a European prob!ent~'-!f{:;PrOgrilln, n~t ~ationalized healthbu:e._';.J ........ :>:. \ .He 581d tlJat "~~ ~f developments ~ the:'•'/< • On a poss1bl~ R~8;11 rac:e against R.Oek~~·. '.·

• 11 _ u.s.~· Current attitudes of the U.S. public and .:·.··efeller for the VJce-pres1dential slot: ~·As far> -... ' ·congress· "wollld preclude any kind of mili-';~~/Bs the party :.'is 'coneemed-; it would 'add'\; •. · • . tary intervention on the pariof the U .S:"' ~ . ,- '~ interest'." Asked if he thought that if Reagan·:,; : ,, ; • ~ile Turkey. ~ "vi~ in the. U.S. ; ' ~ecided to ~n ~t Ford ~t this, too; ·: By R. Norman Matheny, staff photographer . , ,mtelhgenc;eoperation, theUmtedStateswas "i It;'Y<!uld,~dd mterest, .Mr. Lair~_would not:, . .,.:_ .. "-· "" ... , .• _ .... >.,., ., ., , _ •. • 1 ''not--dependent on verification from Turkey" · ~· "' :,,.,w-··'-' .,.i,f;.:,:.;: ., . ":-1

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Ford the ~ampaigner When President Ford took office

he emphasized his role as recon­ciler but reminded his congres­sional former colleagues that he is also a Republican. If there were any doubt about his GOP instincts, he is dispelling it by jetting around the country with the kind of sup­port for his fellow party members that Mr. Nixon was criticized for withholding in the last election.

All can agree with his ex­hortations to get out the vote. The traditionally strong Republican turnout at the polls has been in decline. Perhaps Mr. Ford's old· time partisan rhetoric will be more successful in impelling Re­publicans to vote than to attend $500-a-plate breakfasts.

Yet, to a country chastened by the abuse of partisan politics, Mr. Ford's approach could be. pollti-

cally counterproductive. He can find plenty of substance to criti· cize in the record of the Demo­cratic Congress in recent years. He does not need to raise the prospect of "extremists" coming to power in a Democratic land· slide - thus, however uninten­tionally' laying himself open to charges of '' Agnewism.''

No one expects party man Ford to change his spots. But he is President now. He knows that such facts as Watergate and the economy will weigh more than rhetoric in the election. He knows that what he does about them will weigh more than what he says. He might do better for his party as well as his couritry by ic.eeping his campaignµig to a discussion of the issues, however · partisan, thus challenging 'the opposition to do likew.tse. · · ~-·· '·' ·

- - ;';-J ;~' ·---~J~·~~ ·' r l

Forgetting You Are President

By James Res ton

WASHINGTON, Oct. 24-Every man who, by accidents of life, has suddenly had to take over the terrible responsi­bilities of the American Presidency, has gone through a temporary period of staggering and blundering, and President Ford is no exception.

He is getting into trouble now be­cause he is talking like a party leader instead of like a President, and talk­ing a great deal before he has had time to decide whether the main prob­lem of the economy. is inflation or recession.

Lyndon Johnson's first major deci­sion, after the murder of Jack Ken­nedy, was to introduce his first bud­get. I happened to be at his ranch in Texas while he was pondering this decision. He flew over to Austin and consulted with John Connally on the matter. "I don't want to go over $100-billion," he said, speaking like a Sena­tor, and Mr. Connally agreed that that was bad policy but good politics. So the budget went in under the magic "hundred" and everybody said he was a responsible man, except those who knew- the facts. • Harry Truman stu.mbled into diffi-culty early in his. Administration by making gutsy. and often provocative statements without thinking of the consequences. Even after he had been in office for a few years, during the Korean war, he suggested that atomic weapons might be used against the Chinese on the judgment of the _Ameri- . can commanders in the field.

The British were so startled by this press conference remark that Prime Minister Attlee came flying over to Washington to find out what was go~ ing on. What was going on was that Mr. Truman was still blowing off like a Senator without authority. A natural, spontaneous man, like Mr. Ford, he simply forgot that a President has to be more careful and often has to speak :_·.·1·

as if he were dictating to a Stone-cutter.

:· ~

Mr. Ford is now trying to make :the · transition from.25 years as a conserva-tive party politician on Capitol Hill . 11

to the Presidency while faced with • . . ambiguous and even radical economic" ... \

-:;,' \

-----------------------------WASHINGTON . . ~ ~: !

problems in the White House. In some' : '. '. ways, this passage· from one role to ; the other has been harder. Mr. Tru, ·_·: :: man took over during a war," and Mr.~-,·.

, Johnson during a per~od of sympat~y';t: . for a murdered President. ·Mr. Ford ,,.,, : has inherited a complicated economic.:, -~-i ' crisis and is now caught between the ~ i" · people who think he is doing too little· ·· .·. to deal with the effects of inflation .. ··and those who feel he is doing 'too ___ .

little to avoid a recession. · -'\ i ; . ·

• •. He is responding to this out of his .,,., : past, by doing what comes naturally .. · : He is sympathetic to whatever audi- ::: ; erice he happens to be. addre55ing, as . ':

1 ; a good partisan leader usually is. He: ·· " -~ understands the peopl_e who are out

of work, and wants to help them. He : believes in the Republican ·party and , in cooperation between . the ·parties. \ ;; · One day he argues for cooperation·~.-­. with the DemocratS and the next for :; defeating them as, the eneinies offis~·.y~ .:.; '. cal responsibility and even peace in ~- the world. _

This is creating a problem, not only for the President but for the nation. For among the people who admire his candor and wish him well -which

· means most of the .American people - · he is raising doubts about his judg- . ment by insisting that there is a · Republican party answer to the prob­lems of infla~on and peace;

By the accident of · history and· personality, his real power lay in the fact that he was · the opposite of Messrs. Nixon and Johnson, a plain, honest and -uncomplicated man. The · country was sick of partisan politics, but lately he has insisted on the ridic­ulous thesis that peace and economic

. .. stability depend on electing Repub-. licans.next month;_.,:~;-1;'!, · · .... 4.., ... ~-i

, - !_ •. 'i . · .. · , _ __,. ' ' .-:: . .,~ :.Jjt ... -iA4; .....:..:f;~n -

• This has hurt him, not only on Cap-

itol Hill, but with the most thoughtful members of his Cabinet and his White House staff. Most of them wish he had stayed in Washington and cori~·­

centrated on policy instead of politics.

Mr. Ford, like Mr. Nixon, admired President Truman, but they did not follow Mr. Truman's example. Mr. Truman put together a Cabinet to help him, and gave them authority to meet their Cabinet responsibilities. He relied on men like Henry Stimson,· Robert Patterson, and James Forrestal at Defense; James Byrnes and Dean Acheson at State, and he gave them authority to deal with the problems beyond his immediate understanding.

This is what President Ford has not done. Like Harry Truman he has made

·.the political pitch, and scalded the . opposition, but after the election next month, he will probably have to change his tune and his team. The problems before him are not political but national, and after Election Day he will have to forget his old poiitical role iµtd try to be President.

The Barris Survey . -- ....:

Ford Top-s--s-nemocrats----~-"""'-~- . .

In Potential '76 Races By Louis Harris

race were between President Gerald Ford for the Repu.bli· -cans and (READ NAME) for· the Democrats, and if you had to decide right now, woulll you vote for Ford the Repub. lican or for (READ NAME)

If the 1976 presidential election had been held this past Nov. 5, President Ford would have defeated any of five prominently mentioned Democratic opponents by anywhere from 7 to 33 points, despite the Democrats' cap· ture ·of 61 per cent of the 1974 vote for coneress a~d-' "., vote. - 1976 Preference for President

the Democrat? : '

In an iilterview conducted Total Llkelv voters 1_J--::> among a cross-section of 1974 Race for Coneress . 1,273 likely 1976 voters be· · ~:\!'uo;1~~!~ llo/o · 'Hr-''J:: . tween· Nov. 1 and 4 in 200 <not lncludlne the undecided y~I · ·-

1 . h Not sure 15 . ;,,,:, · _ ..

ocations across t e country, Ford vs. Muskie In •16 t-cr:. ·f.,:_:. the following questions were J:..°i:-:kla _ ~~ ~·)<.:'·f asked. · Not sure 9 :;-/\ :.-.• ,. ·

Sen. Walter F. Mondale Ford vs. Jackson in '76 o\)~~:'-'l;~ ):~~" 5~ b~' --: .. (Minn.) since announced he Not sure 13 ·---~ ... would or run. Ford vs. Mondale in '76 .- :'•'

Ford 53 1

·

ln the election! for Con· mi"~~~e U gress here in your district, Ford vs. Bentsen in '76

would you vote for the Repub· . C~~1sen -. ~~ '.-%: · .. ~~~::::.···~~i=~~g~Jt~,

. . .,·-· ,,,, .. , •..•. ·· _-,,.,, .. ,._,,,,-;"':-~1.'commented one state•s·execuUve sec-- as a turning point ~:~,:~'";·\3:ff?tary . . ·ci':'-:/ <:-.<- . ·_ -- ,' ·• -_. ·

· ... -._,,_--~·The black voter . By John Dlllln Staff correspondent of

The Christian Science Monitor

Atlanta Southern Republicans are smiling

again. Buoyed by the popularity of Pres!·

dent Ford, Republicans are hoping to grab a fistful of new congressional seats this fall in the Southern States.

Also potl!ntially troublesome ls the growing number Of, registered· black voters, who usually go Democratic .. Republicans who are unsuccessful in· · wooing black support sometimes are starting with 20 percent or more of the

From South Carolina, where Re· publicans want two new seats, to Louisiana, where they would settle for one, the party is challenging Demo· crats in about a dozen hotly contested races. · I

vote against them.- - · Despite such long-range concerns,

political insiders say Republicans may add some Southern congres­sional seats this fall.

In Florida's Fifth District, now held . by U.S. Rep. Bill Gunter, Republicans are favored.in an area heavily settled by retired persons wtth a conserva­tive voting record.· Mr. Gunter is

While Watergate raged in Washing· ton, the political outlook for the party

. remained foggy in the South, despite widespread sympathy here for for· mer President Nixon. But with those troubles swept away, Republicans again are talking of making quick strides in the region.

running for the U.S. Senate.· ·

Few around

In South Carolina, two districts -the Third and· Fifth - went on the Republicans' "winnable" list when the Democratic incumbents did not seek re-election. While the Demo­cratic candidates are · favored by some observers, the races are consid· ered close.

Not long ago, Republicans were as Republican tar. ·ge.ts ..... scarce in Dixie as Yankees, and the region was dubbed by both parties as In Georgia, Republicans have tar-the Solid South - solidly Democratic. geted the Sixth and Seventh Districts,

But since 1964, all that has changed. both in· the Atlanta suburbs. In the The Republicans now hold 34 out of Seventh, the incumbent, John W. the South's 108 U.S. House seats, 3 of Davis, was whipped· in the Demo-11 Southern governorships, and 7 of 22 'cratic primary by a member .of the U.S. Senate seats. John Birch Society, Lawrence P.

Perhaps just as significant, Re- McDonald. Republicans are going publicans have made sharp inroads after the conservative d1strict wtth a into local and state governments - . retired Air Force Colonel, Quincy from the sheriff's office to the Legis·. • Cpllins, who spent 7% years in Hanoi lature. asaprisonerofwar. ·

Just as in the North and West, In the Sixth, Republican Newt Ging-Republicans are finding their most rich, a history professor, is going fertile territories to be in the comfort- after incumbent Democrat John J. able white suburbs surrounding Flynt Jr. in what_ ~ould be a close larger cities. race.

Middle-class blacks also have lent . Five hundred miles away, in Louisi-some support to Republican candi- -ana, Republicans . think they have dates, as in Tennessee. . found a weak spot in Democratic

. ranks in the Sixth District; now held _by John R. Rarick. Some rough spots

The current outlook isn't all as sweet as honeysuckle on a spring day, Close race . . I"

however. Mr. Rarick.18 hi a tough 'i-enomina· In Florida, for example, Republl· tton fight wtth a. young TV news-

can U.S. Sen. Edward J. Gurney, who caster, Jeff Lacaze, with. the Demo·

. i

once looked tough to beat, withdrew crattc runoff election set for Sept. 28.' ' from this year's election after he was Whoever wtns, 1 Republicans thtnk-lndicted by a federal grand jury. they .have one of their best opportu.

Mr. Gurney's action has triggered a nittes in years to pick up another seat wild scramble among Democrats who With their own candidate, attorney W. want his seat, and the winner· of the Henson Moore:. · · · · · · Democratic primary probably will be By chipping away.at Democratic favored in November. ·. strength- a seat here, a seat there --

Money ls tight for ~epubllcans in at almo!lt every level of ~vernment, \ some states, too. New camp&rgtflaws, ;~Republicans are hopeful o~ f1Jially unfavorable publicity for big contrtb- .. ~co~ the majority. party in the \ utors, and fines for violators h,&ve ;·tQi"mer 'Confederacy, b~fore very

'slowed the money spigots. <,_. ;\:.:·:-.:·._many more years have gone by ... :, . - __ .:...:,~:::: :<·r-_~.- r.:z:.:;{,~-~-~:~5~:.~ .2,~~7:~~-.f~~-:'~ :--~"' -=-·-! : ,~~.

I

Ford, on Speaking Trip, Blends Politics and Football By RICHARD L. MADDEN I audience applaudetd and end runs of energy shortagef!, The Vice President has told

Special to The New York Times CHICAGO Feb l4-As v· cheered. and that we are not using all reporters several times that he

President Ford'~ motored; Mr. Ford, who normally our players as well as.we might has "no plans to go out and crept through suburban Tinley reads his speeches in a rather because there is too much un- collar delegates and seek su~ Park this morning, Mr. Ford, wooden manner, gave what e°!'ployment. port" for 1976. He said ' he just out of his car and coatless some observers regarded as his Theabre wt ould . be no hex- made a "pretty firm commit· in b h kin cuses . ou previous coac es ,, h' 'f · · . . est recent spec -ma g per- and previous seasons. 1 would ment t~ 1s ~ e not to run m the 20-degree. chill, ~arched I formance. . . simply say that we must look for election agai~. and that he resol~tely along ~he sidewalk "We should be proud of the not at the points we have lost ~ould prob.ably d? a ~etter . shaking hands with some of· . d ,, h . h b .. the · . Job" as ·Vice President 1f he · the 4.~~ school children whoj Un~te States, . ~ said as e ut at P?mts '!1 .... e can gam. were "not suspect . . . as a.·.·· ?'ere hmng the route and wav- recited -:vhat he viewed as the We .ha~e a winner~·. .. potential president." -;;" mg flags. · , acco~hs~ents of .the Nlx~n RelDlbU!sement Pledged . "He's refreshin~. He's new,"

At . . t .M F d Admm1strat10n, particularly m Mr F. d .. tra: 1. 'th .,ft M 1 w Cook, Re . . ·.one po~ r. or foreign affairs. He did not men- . or .. IS : . v~ mg WI .:-<::n11:tor ar ow . . -stopped and patiently held 3- tion Watergate but he declared a· smalJ staff m ·a. propeller- publican of Kentucky, said of ,year-old Danny Whitemiller in at one point· ' · · driven Afr Force Convair. An the Vice President. Mr. Cook, !his arms as the boy's mother · • assistant said that the Re- who accompanied Mr. Ford on ;snapped a picture. Mr. Ford 'Man of Integnty' · publican National: Committee the first leg of the trip, con· 'beamed; Danny cried. "Let me say a word about a would reimburse the Govern- tended that "it's kind of re· : Mr. Ford insists that he ~as great AmPrican-the President ment for the cost of the tri'l freshing to hear somebody who no intention of being a candi- of the United States. I've related directly . to. Republican ~ays 'I don't want to be presi· date for any office in 1976. known the President politically und-raising activities. aent.'"

Nonetheless, . the Vice Presi- and socially .... He is ·a man dent's three-day swing through of integrity, ability and dedica-the Middle West, which began tion and great intelligence." . yest(!rday in Kentucky and Mr. Ford added that when ends tomorrow night in Neb- historians reviewed the record raskil, has produced some indi- they would conclude. that Mr. cations that the former Michl- Nixon has done more for gan Representative is enjoying America than any President in his new role of national rromi- our lifetime." .-. ,: - - · : · nence. Mr. Nixon got 73. per cent c1f ·

The trip, which involves the votes in the London area ' mainly speeches at Republican in south-central Kentucky in fund-raising affairs, is his 1972, and Mr: Ford's praise .of' heaviest travel schedule since the President appeaTed to go he became Vice President Dec. over well. · · . . : · - - : -. i 6. And apparently not all his Mr. Ford's speeches blend ' friends rule out. Mr. Forti as a poHtioal appeals accenruating · candidate in 1976 despite his the positive in the Admiriistra- · repeated disclaimers. tion, without dwelling on its .

'With All My Strength' Watergate problems, plus ' references to football. !

Last night, for example, Rep- Speaking tonight at the • resentative Tim Lee Carter, Frank Leahy Awards fund-· Republican of Kentucky, intro- raising dinner for the Amer- : duced the Vice President to an ican Cancer Society Mr. Ford enthusiastic audience of about dsclared: · ' 1,200 in a high school gym- "I only wish that I could nasium in London, Ky., and take the entire United States announced: into the locker room at half-

"I shall Mlrk for his nomi- time. It would be an

/

nation in 1976 with a1I my opportunity to say that we trength." have lost . yards against the

Mr. Ford just smiled as the line drives of inflaJtion and the

---------------------~----

. ·William- S. White \.

Gerald Ford: The Man to Beat in --,~"~~~

'76 \ The current spate of talk that Ger­

ald Ford. will be only an obedient "caretaker" Vice President and thus . pretty surely out of it for the 1976 Re­publican presidential nomination has a certain important shortcoming. It is · nonsense. :. . . -·

' He will 'be very~ far from out; far more likely he will be the man to beat. What might be called the present de­valuation of the . currency of Gerald Ford, President Nixon's choice to· suc­ceed to the vice presidency vacated by Spiro Agnew's forced resignation, pr_o­ceeds from t_hree sets of people.

One set is formed of tho~e Rep~bli- ··. cans who themselves want the 1976 nomination. They are thus assuring ev­erybody in sight that good old Gerry is only going into the vice presidency as a very temporary stand-in. They are of course doing what comes naturally.

The second group that is already en­gaged in burying Ford's political fu­ture is filled with honest partisan mal­ice. It is made up of Democrats who, though quite sensibly not willing to concede that Ford would be a tough opponent in November 1976, are never­theless far from certain that he wpuldn't be. They too are only doing what comes naturally.

The third set that is busily marking down the shares in Gerald Ford, Inc. are mainly journalists. These are not

· · · · 81'.gui.Dg so much from partisan or ideo·

-; :~~· -.: .. ::;.;~·' ~ ... ·l -,:·. •. ' - . .,

I

\ logical considerations. They just don't understand much about Congress and specifically they undere)timate the · pre-convention power to gather up del-

and Senate as Vice President - changes -his hat. '-

and so I The negative thi~gs b~ing ~aid about

-i

. egate votes that can be "exercised :fiom the Capitol by a truly savvy party

· •·· floor leader such as Ford has 10ng been. (Barry Goldwater did it-in 1964; -and he was not even a member of the leadership.)

; him are that _ he ·1acks "glamour'-' -' _ which is totally correct...- and that he -lacks the quality- of real leadership - "· which: is totally incorrect to those who

- over the years have seen his opera- .,. . tions in 'e House. . .. . · .. ;:

• As to "charisma," its absence may I tUtn ciut to be rather for better than

· -, WO'\\'. them in Berkel~~~, . ·. . . ~ .

there is an ~wful fot of Toledo ·out there."

~;!'for worse. Many fairly acute politi- · -· · cians believe the people are very tired- ···•

of both charisma and its opposite, as . .. chrrently represented by the lonely ! . - _, aJ1d wit~drawn attitudes of Mr. Nixon. : /

- The doubters call Ford "the · All- . ·.I · -·American boy." But while be would 1

· not wow them iil Berkeley there is an . / awful lot of Toledo out there - an aw- · ful. lot of country in which a quietly I competent, unstrident and strictly· I'

This third set of skeptics is far m~re .- . -. "square" presidential candidate might ·Impressed by, say, some articulate As- - look pretty good three years hence. . l sistant · Secretary of State than by a But will Ford "really want" the nom- i .congressional patriarch-in this case !nation, after all? Well, did Harry Tru- ._.!!· Ford-whose muscle in the world of man, another Midwestern square so reality is about 10 times that of- any long presented_ as only an absent·. ·/, C b. minded afterthought by Franklin J;loo- ,

a met officer so long as the patri- . sevelt, intended only to keep the ~ce ·J··'!

~ch knows how to use that influence~ presidential chair warm for a·· lfbile, , Ford knows exactly how to use it; in .. "really want" the nomination later on? I

fact for years has done so, and will not .Party forces of immense power tried altogether lose it even when in due to take it from him - and history

knows how far they got. course he is confirmed by the House . © 1973, UDlted Fea~ure snidlcate . --~

-·~r~~I,~I~~~

THE NEW YORK TIMES, SA TU RDA Y, FEBRUARY 23, 1974

Ford, Hitting Campaign Trail, Comes Out Swin.ging ~-~::::~-~~ ·~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-

By MARJORIE HUNTER asked, "Do you want a bunch doubt feels something of a kin- a little zip. in the campaign," special to The New Yark TlmH of outsiders telling- you who to ship to the battling Mr. Tru- he said. "You have to be on

WASHINGTON, Feb. 21 _send to Congress?" man. . . the offensive. It's just like in~ D" ed b th Re blican "Hell, no!" the audience . It was the loss this week of football game: If you don t

1smay . Y e pu . chorused. his old House s~at to a Demo- score, you don't win." _. lo~s .of his ~Id Hou.se seat m "Well the 're movin in crat --: th~ .firs~ D.emoc~at Democrats have won the first Michigan, Vice Pres1d~nt F?rd 1,, • Y g el~ct~d m. M1ch1gan s Fifth Dis- two of the six special House has shed his "Mr. Nice" 1m- here .. Mr. ~ord shouted. tnct m 64 years-that prompt- elections this winter and age and has come out swinging Unhke his usually colorless ed the Vice President to adopt spring and could well win the against those he calls "labor -performances :-- passionless somet}1ing of a "give-'em-hell- remai~ing four, including the outsiders ,, speeche.s read m a monotone Jerry' . approach . to the Jong Cincinnati seat on March 5.

Th .. · ,, F d hi . t~ audiences prone . to occa- c~pa1,gn that hes ahead of Blame Organized Labor

e new or • s v01ce s1ona:I yawns - this was a h1m this year. s booming and his arms swing- crowd-pleaser. There were Mr. Ford's attack on "out- 1

ing was unveiled last night at cheers, laughter and thunder- Campaign Burden Burden side forces" and "big labor''! a r:uiy in Cincinnati for Willis ous applause. With ~resident Nixon's im- last .~ight w~s made "off the! ·D Grad· on Jr the Republican To some observers, the Vice age tarnished by the Water- cuff, he. said. B1;1t he added

· . is . ·• . President's speech was remi- gate scandals, much of the that he was convinced organ" cand.1date 11:1 an upcom.mg niscent of the "give-'em-hell- burden of campaigning for Re- ized labor was as much respon­spec1al election for. a House Harry'' campaign conducted by publican candidates for Con- sible for Republican losses in seat vacated by William J. President Truman as he whistle- gress has fallen to the Vice the Michigan and Pennsylvania Keating, a Republican who stopped around the country in President.. . . races as was the Watergate resigned . to become president 1948. . . In an m~ei:-1ew . last night backlash. . . . of The Cincinnati Inquirer. Mr. Wh1!e Mr. For4 is as much a~ter the. Cmcm~ati rally, the . At the. Cmcmnati rally, the Gradison's Democratic opp<>- a partisan Republican as Harry Vice. Pres.i,dent said he was de- y1ce President told the gather-

. . Truman was a partisan Demo- termmed to put the party back mg of several thousand Re-nent is Thomas ~· ~uke?, a crat, the Vice President has together." He said that he felt publicans that organized labor former Mayor of Cmcmnat1. often said he was a great Tru- "a real sense of disbelief" when had "overwhelmed and over-

Blaming "labor outsiders" for man admirer. And this year, he learned Monday night that taken Johnstown, Pa.," in Republican losses of House with the Republican party's fu- his old House seat had been Pennsylvania's 12th Congres­elections in Michigan and Penn- ture threatened by the Water- won by a Democrat. siona:l District election on Feb. sylvania, the Vice President gate scandals, Mr. Ford no "I decided we've got to put 5.

, ... .,.

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' J

........ Vi \

~ ~:

CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR w~u . . ~-- -.· --_ \. --;'--; ~ -

Nix«>,ii oll Kissinger coatt~; Ford star rises for '7 6 ' - . . . There was evidence that the Sena-··.· Pol'ls show tor.beforethevideoprogramsended.

had suffered a bit from overexposure. · .... ·.•I.re· e-P•nsi·den.c.t TV'"overexposure" injustamatter

J' j • c; , of several weeks? So 1t seemed. · Seldom had any one person been seen • ·. __ i.·n_ earlv lead_·_ . by so many people in such a. short

'J · · · span of time. By Godfrey.Sperllilg Jr. Staff correspondent of

-Democrat Sam Ervin was . the· : prime luminary in the hearings, of course. For a while there was talk,

. TheChristianSclenceMonitor :that the Senator could have almost . Washington anything he wanted in politics. Watergate and its spinoff are spill- But the veteran North Carollnian:

ing apectacularly into the politics of wanted to go home more than any-; tomorrow. lthlng else. Thus, the Watergate hear-.. ·e Thrust suddenly into the vice·. ings will be his swan song.

presidency, Gerald R. Ford has be- . • Watergate dimmed the pros­coine the Republicans' shlnlng light, pects of some who had the presiden­re&dy in the wings should he be called· ttal gleam in their eyes._ uPmi to take over for Richard Ntxon. Senator Kennedy's own problems

Furthermore, despite his assertions stemming from the drowning tragedy of nonambltion for higher office, the at Chappaquiddiek wer underscored po~ are showing that Mr. Ford has by the moral questions now galning emerged as the GOP front-runner ~or public attention. th' presidential nomination in 1976. · J ohii Connally made the colossal

Matchings in. the polls of Mr. Ford misjudgment of leaping over into the with two leading ·Democrats, Sens. Republican Party right at the mo­Edward M. Kennedy and Henry M. ment when the GOP was getting Jackson, also indicate that, as of now. tarred by the Watergate scandal. · Mr. Ford would beat them in a· race He even rejoined the Nixon team in fortheWhiteHouse. . ;midsummer, ignoring the advice of

ii Spiro T. Agnew's political those who told him that he would only demise was even more dramatic than lose by associating himself with the the ascendancy of Mr. Ford. Until Watergate-related problems. . . only a few months ago Mr. Agnew had Mr. Connally keeps insisting that he seemed the almost-certain GOP stan- will not be a candidate in 1976. More dard bearer in 1976. As. the sitting and more, people are believing him. Vice-President he would normally . e· Watergate also gave new sup­gain that spot without too much port to the presidential aspirations of tro_uble. · . , "new faces," particularly those who

Then came Mr. Agnew's nolo con- appeared to have a "clean" image. tendere plea to income-tax-evasion Sen. Charles H. Percy, long viewed charges and his immediate fall from as a "Mr. Clean," was one Republl­grace. . ._ '·. can. who gained ground, not only,

The nation was stunned. An~_~piro because of his reputation for ethical. Agnew - who had somehow been ~l>le conduct . but ·also because he had to .pull himself out of the anomnntty remained completely outside of· the

.. "' · ·: _ · · .. President's inner circle. l 973: year of surprise. t'.fltit) ···on the Democratic side the new

.- ; ·:· .. · · · d h · k p ' ii -5 faces were bountiful. But the names ::,,;· .· ·. an S oc · · · ag~ cc • ~most frequently mentioned as pos-·~~; , .: . · . · ;,))::;etdsessing presidential luster were Sens.

u8uany accorded a vice-president"':""Walter F. Mondale- of Minnesota, ~:,quickly becoming the f?r~\tenboyd Bentsen of Texas, and Adlai E. ~! ·. · -· - · /;.;~'[Stevensonm of Illlnois, together With k~_~:JWatergate. also bro_ u----~Gov. ReubinAskewofFlorlda. . 12~l)tlcians . forward, n.ot ._ a • Republican governors - par-G,era.t~ Ford, but quite a-0.18 · :tlcularly Ronald Reagan of California

\'Sen.Howard.Baker, starring on thea.nd Nelson A. Rockefeller· of New Ervin committee TV panel s~ow, York - also gained ground 1n their became, almost overnight, a • pos- th · . sible" GOP presidential candidate. ·. effort to win e presidency .

But those who gain by television can Govei;to~~ Reagan ~~ Rockefeller also lose by it: . . ·. · · · · were no~ new faces,. .not. by_ '11f,

· · means. 'But they both .. were . ex· perienced administrators of · big states.

!

"""- • :': ? -,~ -·~------; _,.. ... - . .,. '·--.

fil:PUBLIGANS HERE . BACK FORD FOR 76

"/

Act· Despite Conservatives'[ View~Rockefeller Support~ .Y/ithheltl, as He Asks · · :·:··-.-----

By FRANK LYNN ::.~.1 t. · . ·Countering · conservative. R.~~ publicans, including Sertat~fj James L. Buckley, who have~ expressed _ reservations ·aoout\ a Ford"Rockefeller ticket next' year, New . York. 'Republiean leaders , endorsed the nomina~ fion: of the President yesterday 1but; bowing. to t!he wishes ·of Mr. Rockefeller, did not en~ dorse him . for • Vice President: ·Mr. Rockefelier, who has~

the pl'lincipal target of. the. con; servatives, .said. in .an unusuitlly deferential ietter to the New York leaders that he did not want his hoaie state party. "put. ung~ple"S~ on the President in. my behalf,'.' · ... ~ .. , .. · · ·- .. -~'~·-;,-..; '"A1C t!he same time, the NeW'

Yori( RePublicans deHvered a. second rebuke to senator Buck·, 1ey by declining to endorse him for tlhe Republican nomina­tion for the United States Sen­ate. "The jury is -still out on Senait.or Buckley;" _said the Re­publican sta<te chairman, Rieb· aird R0senbaum,' a Rockefeller prOtege. . , .. · ~+~~

The Senator · has angered many leaders of the state:~ .publiCan P,arty. which isC'_~n. \heavily• Rockefeller-orientedL~Y his continuing c!<>se ties; With ;Ronald:R~gan and .other c6ri­. servative Rep.ublicaru who are ;dmost •certain to oppose Mr;: i .. : . .· .. . . . . . ·. -.·,~· · .. i COittJnued on Page 32> Columri 8 I . .. . . .

NEW YORK TIMES, FRIDAY.)UNE 13, ·19'/s

Republicans Here Back Ford for 1976 . . ·- . ·- .

·continued Fr~m Pag~ 1, Col. 5 wants to continue the Ford ers and state commi;tee mem-Rockefeller team. bers at a closed meeting before

Rockefeller's nomination next ·· Mr. Rockefeller, surrounded the luncheon to "stay loose" · ear. - · by report~rs after hi-s luncheon on the Senate race. · y Mr B kl ed ha' talk, declined ·to say whether Representa,tive Peter Peyser

. . UC ey Sen' as . c 1r- M B kl h Id be . • :. , . · . . . r. uc ey s ·ou no!"mat- a Westchester Republican, has man and. spokesman for . 20 ed, on the g-round. that -1t wa:s threatene to oppose Mr. Buck-conserva:tive Republicans who "a local political situation." ley in the Republican primary. earlier this month. agreed that E.ven former ~v. Malcolm However, Mr. Buckley also since nei!lher the President nor Wilson, who has been close holds some high cards in the Vice President had been elect- to ryir. Buckley ancl. the Conser- political poker game with state ed, "it would be in the best vative p~rty, declined to en- Republicans. He is assured of in~ests of the Republican par- dorse Senator Bu~kley, )'.et, al- ethe Conservative -party nomi- ·

d f h try'• h though he described hun as . · . ty an o t_ e <;oun ~o ave "an excellent Senator,, nation and could. well wm_ a~ these nommat1ons decided at · three-way election contest an "open convention." "Told to" Stay Loose' against a Republican and Demo-: The timing of the rebuke of As part of the obvious pres- cratic candidate. At the least

the Senator . was partic~rly sure on Mr. Buckley to keep he could. ·prob.ably insure the significant since he and .the his distance from anti-Rockefel- defeat of. the Republican and

. ~ice President were sharing the !er· conservatives, Mr.. Rosen- thus decrease the Republican dais _several· hours later at. the baum urged G.O.P. county lead- strength in the Senate. annual Republican State f:om-' .. niittee dinner at the. Waldorf. Astoria· Hotel.· About 1;500 at-t~nde(L ·· · · · ' · · .: •Mr. Rockefeller's. continuing ci)ntrol of 'the state party was evident not only · in the pro­Ford ·resolution. adopted by the state G.O.P. leaders but also by the. fact that. he .. was the host at, nad paid nearly $3,000 for, lunch a:t . .the W:aldorf~Astoria for. about 300 ·state· committee members and other G.O.P. offj-cials.· : -- : : . , •. ' · ·.· ·o

.'Iri speeches at the luncheon and dinner; Mr; RO<:kefeHer !av· :ished prai!e-.oo~President Ford; a8: ~·a .true; li!ader; a ·Statesman;"

The iaV:isti prais¢ -of t.he Pr~ ident, .the. refusal to .allow :.his New York ·suppottei's to pres­sure the President ·on his behalf amd the . figurative . rap <>n the knuckles of Mr. ·Buckley made it. 'plain · that Mi': Rockefeller was putting his'Juture political career entirely ·in .. _the·_ hands .of President, · •· ·_ . · .· · __ · .. , . , : , .. "There wHl . Qe . no effort on rny,·part to put .. the slightest! i'estra. int on his_ ·._._co.mp_._lete free-I' dom ·to make that choice," Mr. Ri>ckefeller -said _of . Mr. ·Ford's decision ·on · a . : Vire · Pie~dent. Mr. · Ford has : iµr~dy sl)id he

Ji A¥·nrld' J rettg

·-·· ... "l., ;:.c.; ... , .'] · ~ ... . '.'.1l.o ;..>·~ .;;:!-.

,, ·~··; ·~-.- .. ,:.:~.·~·,···· ~~.. -..-.: . .:.~ lames Heston ·: ~ <.,h~ · ..

· Pi-~sid~itt::'ti ...•.. ~J!!~~~.·~~5;/ . mood here at.: the beginning. o( ::

summer is. increiSingly. i;e5tle$~ ~ r ;- partisan. The cat- ' ' ·

.. : tie are . begiillifu1f ; : . ·• to stir in··. the· -.,.barn: The· l>Oliti~ -~-

ctans are o~an- · · · izing . for : "next·:~-I

. year's electio~;:· · •: when many; of . :

them believe.new .. :. 'leaders will be ·

•• chosen, . i:i()f'oDly •. ·. for the White . . HoUse, . biif. for .:. . _ . Jhe House and. Se~~te- as \\'. .. . .,, ~ ; ,. -.·. "",,The-. most significant change. an .the . ,, last few months has probably hee,Jllhe

rise in ·the popularity of "President Ford. He has come throtigh'theforin~

•·ative ·stage of his Administration in .. ·better form than. had. been• generally

/, eXpected. ·. He. is visibly more confi­dent. He has put together a competent Cabinet, and, by a combination of can­dor and friendliness, he- bas s\Vept away the atmosphere of conspiracy and mistrust that polluted this town in the last months of the Nixori Adminis-tration. _

He is being helped for the moment by the feeling, not quite supported by

,reliable facts, the the worst of the . . recession is. over, but. even~.among '' 'many people·' who 'ilke and'' support

him, there remain serious doubts. .that ~:n1fli8S'tlie irtiilginati()n or reSiliency to

handle the challenges of the last years .; otthe seventies. · · •·:; ~- ' '.: .. :· . "''' <·: .. The success of. the sixties have been ,,.Collowed' by' _,:may: ereil:iltva 11ro-

:': ::di:lcl!d :.:... :a. torrent of .new- and lnore · .. complicated problelDS in all free soct­

ties. A rising middle class is demand­ing more from its governments in the industrial countries, and provoking, since the organization of the oil cartel, new cries from the hungry ::countries for a more equal distribution of the world's wealth. · . · • _ · .•

·At home, a new generation: of indus­trial and service. employes as ,well as

· the young professionals, is·· thinking and living and acting .pollti~y in dif·

··-·:ferent ways.·, ·"·~.··.·· · ·-~~: __ ·:·· ::·<.~· ... ;:;. · · .; ·. Internationally~ the fears of the cold · < war · e.ra · have been· replaced · by, a ; .popular. but dicey· belief in 'fdetente,~

·~· and·there is~a·. vague suspicion here, . underlying all traditional political .•

· ·' Slimptlons, that America is,approac~ ·ing the new problems -of the:·.eighties

· · ,tth.a lot of old men and old noti~

In short, there is a pervasive feeling here that there is something out of date and maybe even deeply wrong with the organU:ation and spirit of our politics; and that the last fout. years of the •decade-, will require - the -sort· of economic and political · .. imlovations that· .. marked •the · firSt · half : of. the

irties.. Those who. feel this.1way an . at the same time regard Mr. Ford .as

an ideal. interim President, ·do- not · quite see hiiil as a: leader of these

coming turbulent years; "''"' · · · · · · ·· Senator Edward Kennedy ls back on the front pages of the news magazines

: and continues to lead the . popularity polls; but this is· so only because the Democrats are in such a mess. The ·guess here· is that:his·promise not to

__ run or accept a draft in 1976 ·is genu­ine. And that the Dem<icrats would do better to take him at- bis word and find tberris~Jv~ .. another· 'candidate:.

Kennedy --cooperates - with the writers of_ profiles and Sunday supple­·ment features, probably not because he is secretly maneuvering for a draft, but because he must run next year-. for re-election in. Massachusetts,· which ~ deeply divided on the issues of busing and abortion, and he could

. be in trouble over the5e que5ti~s. - · Accordfogly, it does him no hann io

concentrate on the large issues·:of .,health insurance~ nnemployment, and foreign policy, and dominate the popi& larity polls and .the magazine rco~ .

·Nor .. does jt hurt: Representative Tip · O~Neill of Massachusetts, who is lead•

--~~~g ~e charge for. Kennedy. Tip. bas •-political ambitions too, and'the-. mo~

.·_ 'h-~.shares the headlines with .Kennedy, · the better his chances of moving up

'froiri"" majority leader to Speaker of · · the House. when Carl Albert retires, .as

he is expected to do next year. · · · -~· :-:'. -. ·• so -tll~ p~liticians are· tryin(to a~­ticipate the coming' changes. ·sensing that new problems and n~w ~~~deril may be forthcoming. after the Bicen-tennial· suggests·' the need:J!l.i:):iew

-beginnings. Even the 75 new DemO-~ra ti~ .. -·· Repr,es~{l~.tiv~.?w_~-o·· :~ade . such a splash early 'this y¢a~; ~ ~!!! ·planning .to·g() away to a "retreat'~-for a weekend after they return from the Memorial Day reces5, in to diSciiD

· thell'. fu,tur'. plaIIS; . ,: . ,;.,J ~;'.>::'~~·~~; .-··~ .. ~~~~ .:. --~ ,)·~:{:.~ ~J.~-:~···· -~ ·.·':'·:\~·

-· ~:....... '-·

·,

:·-

~ALIFORNIA"2¢A·&i~AIGN TEAM-~A-MED •· ,.,; ____ , ~~ .. - :: ; - :. : _·. :_ '

Longtime Reagan · Backers Join· Ford BY RICHARD BERGHOLZ

Times PoliUcal Writer

President Ford reached . deep into the ranks of. longtime supporters of his prospective rival, former Gov. Ronald Reagan, to form his own Cali­fornia campaign election committee, it was disclosed Wednesday.

Henry Salvatori, oilman and a ma­jor contributor and money-r_aiser for Reagan, switched to the Ford team, according to an announcement from a . five-member steering committee for the President's campaign in Cali-!Ornia:; · · Mrs. Margaret Martin Brock, an- · other veteran of the Reagan· wars and a GOP convention delegate since 1952, came out for Mr. Ford.

So. did Dr; William Banowsky, Pep­perdine Unjversity president and Reagan's choice for Republican na­tiQncµ committeeman from California.

Taft Scllretber, ent'ertainmerit' in.. · du~try magnate '\Vh~._once .w,as~em-

ployed as Reagan's· agent:duriilg hi~ theatrical days and who was an exec­utive committee member ofReagan's first campaign for governor, came out for Mr. Ford. . · . · · •· _ .

So did James Halley of San Mateo · and Putnam Livermore of San Fran­cisco, both of whom served as Re­publican state chairmen during.Rea­gan's terms as governor. . / .. , . ·

Reagan's onetime appointments secretary, Paul Haerle of San Fran" cisco,now the GOP stat~ chairman, is a steeri!lg conmiitte.e~member()fthe·

~.· ... :,_""'-'·. - - _, . ,;_, •• ,: , ..... .,....,.. ••• ;,. .... -t~"l")~ i

Ford campaign in California, togeth" er with Mrs. Nita Ashcraft of San: Francisco,· who. was ·state vice chair­woman of Reagan campaign finance

. committees in 1966 and 1970. · ·

. Other steering committee members include Atty. Gen. Evelle J. Younger, San Diego businessman Leon Parma and Los Angeles attorney Charles Bakaly.

. _ Almost all of the Ford campaign committee members_ also have been closely identified with past major Re-

. publican campaigns, such as for for­mer President Richard M. Nixon, for­mer Sen; George . Mi.trphy and for Houston -I. Flournoy, the 1974 Re-.· publican nominee for governor. ·

Reagan, . vacationing out of town .· said he did not c~e to comment o~ the Ford campaign group nor on the inclusion of some of his longtime sup" porters on the,CQmmittee. ·;.TTlie tonner ·govenfoE1w-said~he· ..vuraectde b · u.e ·;,.;;.;.~ '"J · · · · ·· · : ·- .... .. . . "'· ~. -· .. ~~,u1 J}l~ year_.

·:~;~~~-~~f:~~~ffi~-~; Also, ·Roy Crocker, Los Angeles;

Stuart Davis, Los Angeles; John V. .. .. ·- . __ ... · nia'conifuittee'.wUFStiirt.brganizing a ·Diepenbrock, Sacramento; .. Kim

whether. he will . ·enter the : :race : ; .~omniunity-leyel~ :campjlign for the Fletcher, :saii-Diego;· John P. (Rick) . ... agiinsLMr: Ford. Meanwhile,:. scime :· President 'and ~stari"'raisfng. campaign Guertn. Jr;, t.os· :Angeles; Bruce .Haz-

of his' supporters plan to form a : funds. I • . ·.· ' ' ·.· •' ' ard, '~n Diego;: nav1Ci-:B. ·Holland, volunteer group to, scout his. political Other members. of the Ford com- Palo Alto; John- ff Holoman, Los· An-strength throughout: the country and ; mittee include: . . . .. ·. ·.·.· ·.. . · .. ·. .·· . geles! : Norman:· Hotiston, · Lbs • An-begin a fund-raising operation. . .. Earl .Adams, Los.Angeles; Clifford geles;David James; Pasadena; :

Parma said that after Mr .. Ford's , B. Anderson, Pasadena; Assemblym-. Aiso;~ f,()Ujg;:Joh~scin .. Jngle~ood; national campaign director, Howard an Dixon Arnett, Redwood City; Robert C.''Kirkwooc!; San Francisco; (Bo). Callaway, visits here soon, a . Robert S. Barnes, Newport Beach; · C. Dqµglas Kranwi'nkJe, Los'Angeles; chairman ()fthe California campaign . Robert F. Beaver, Fullerton; Dr. Ar- . ·Assemblyman Jerry Lewis, Red-committee will.be named. . nold Beckman, Irvine;· Mrs .. :M~1\a''.0'."~;,~i'drs:J~alj~llil~~b0s:An-,

Parma saichhe 44-rriember Califor- ·Bents. Newport Beach; Mrs;;~ElSie·:ilgeI~~Robeft1,¥&~:{s&n';FroanciSco;

:;;,:::Peter' ,,~~&lriliein.."fW:'.':hliieies: Arch .. Monson Jr;, San Francisco; As­

·. ~einblyman Frank·Murphy,·.Monter­. ey; David Packard, .. Palo.· Alto; . Charles Reed, Los. Angeles; Waller Taylor, ·Los· Angeles;: Charles·· Th<>"'

~~FOBai:del;..JvW~,;Rep;· BQb~

!~?~n;<>~,~~~~~~~; .. yy~;~:·:~\~ j . . ' .

FOtd ·gets State~'!?~!~ G.O.P. backing for '76 campaign.·-, By Neil Mehler ~ .·. ·, ;,'~::'Tim BREAKFAST, :~.~1~~"'' Political Editor ~ ; held behind closed doors in the Pal.mer TOP ILLINOIS Republican leaders m~ House, were the hierarchy of the Repub· ·

eluding Sen. Percy Saturday pledged to lican Party in Illinois. President Ford that they will carry Illi- They included elected and party. offi· nois for him in 1976 and that the Illinois cials, former Gov. Richard Ogilvie, and Republican National Convention. delega- Daniel Terra, president of the United tion will be solidly in his corner. : ·; Republican Fund. · ·

The leaders told newsmen afterethe State G. 0. P. chairman Don Adams,, President left a 52-minute closed break~ the ···state's committeeman . and cc>m: ·

· · mitteewoman, ·three congressmen, Atty.~ fast session that there was no support ·in _ . .,.,, .. _ _ _ .. __ . . .. , . ''"'''' the room for Ronald Reagan or any · · ,·,;_;)le·/· :··,·.· · ... _ .:·, ·.- .. ·<>·;·""'"'··:::~

:::.Gen: William ·scott, and state Comp-: other potential Ford opponent. . troller George Liildberg were among the

Percv who has said recently he might more than two dozen Republicans who think of' seeking the G.0.P. p·residential met with Ford. . .... nomination, apparently shut the door to: Ogilvie said the President stressed that that Saturday. : his campaign organization would be

"There was a pleage from absolutely "separate from the political operation of ' everyone in the room that we'll cart;' the .White House:" ' . · the state for him," Percy said. He said He said Rumsfeld. will·· be the link the President thought Illinois has "great · between the· White<:House and the cam~ prospects for governor and the legisla- -paign "merely for: coi;nmurucation Pl.lr-ture and that the state's (political or- poses." but the campaign-Will riot be nm· ganizationJ is unified... from Rumsfeld's office:- -r-,:~ .. ··· ~·.

PERCY SAID he will meet In his Ogilvie said he is supporting Ford and Washington home with Howard (BoJ does not detect any Reagan activity Callawa~·, Ford's campaign director, and "besides Cra·ne." This was a reference' Donald Rumsfeld. White House chief of · to ynited States Rep. Philip Crane (R., staff. to turn over data Percy gathered Mount Prospect], a Reagan J,looster. in his exploratory _efforts toward wi~- . Adams told The Tribune earlier that ning the nomination. Percy set up !us . he expected to keep. as many of the . exploratory committ~e before ~or~ be- G.0.P. leaders as possible for a second · came President and rt has been m hmbo meeting to discuss Illinois political af-since Richard Nixon resigned. fairs after the President left. ·

Percy· said he had offered the inf or- / · · · ·"' ·"· .. , ·. · : · · · ONE SOURCE said a movement is

mation to Ford so it would not be wast- forming to try to. persuade Rich a rd ed. It includes "an analysis of every state in the country-all the political Cooper to drop his quest for the Republi-leadership, and a schedule of what to do can gubernatorial nomination next year ..

· r Cooper and James R. ThotJ!.pson, former every month until the election m Novem- U.S. Attorney, are the .only two an-ber, 1976," Percy said. nounced candidates for -the nomination

Other leader-s said Ford told them Jlli- ' so far. · . · · · nois obviously will be a crucial state in Some leading Republicans· say Cooper · the presidential election and that he will · ·•doesn't have a'cli.ance :to ·win the noJDi..., make a ma:dmum effort to win its ,26: ':nation and ca.rt only' cause trou~le for·: electoral votes. ' -'Thompson by forcing him to sperid m011~ :~

SEVERAL LEADERS em11hasized : ey~ and coun~er charges .. ; ; .: ·.' '; :r,;~,,.~ that Ford told them Illinois Republicans. are as united as anyplace in the nation and more so than in many states.

Timothy Sheehan, 4lst Ward Republi­can committeeman, said, ·"I believe we are united." Sheehan said he told Ford he- would .. be....the first Illinois delegate contender pledged to F?rd .~or-}97~~i:·=:;~~ ·

Chicago Tribune. Sunday, July 13, 1975

. . But another influential Republican said a primary fight would be good for · Thompson because it would allow him to sharpen his campaign style and force him into the discipline that he would have to follow fn the general election campaign this fall. : This Republican said that, it there isn't a G.O.P: primary fight, "It'll be :

Jike 1972-with all the action on the ·nemocratic ballot, and thafs .an advan- .. S'1a~e'fur the !L. __ er•:.. '' ~-··

i: ,-.. •• ,. •• .,, -- _______ ..._~ -- .

;:_.,~J:1JGILVIE SAID. "I hope- Cooper stays . .'i:in., the race.· There should be an open · primary; a contest is healthy." But he ·

indicated he thought Thompson would . win both the nomination and the general election for governor. · Senate Minority Leader William C. Harris LR., Pontiac], who was at the Ford breakfast with his House counter­part, Rep. James [Bud] Washburn (J:l .. ;

·Morris]. said he was impressed ·w1.th Ford's presentation. "He's so genui_ne ' and relaxed and straight," Harrts said. •

- Later in the day, the President -.:was scheduled to hold a press conference in · the Palmer House and then speak at the commencement exercises of Chicago State University at McCormick Place.

; ;;J1e was to return after that to an inter-, rupted golf date in Michigan. . :.. .

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·: .;1 :~;1f·~·.1 ·ti. ~:- .~., :·.' ·11 'I ... ~ 1.1 1,'. l .-:i ·1 I··. ; ~~ 'i

:.·: 1l£ OASl1AN SCENCE ~ ~ ·; J :'~ f' I:! f ;: \L 1' ,' f,

.Monday, July 28, 1975 · .. · 5 ..... '·.

'

1

Rockefeller s~en vital to·1976slat~ for., hqpe of winning:·_~\,' · ·_ ... '.., .... ; .. ~,;· ·Y;;. . . . .':.>c·.': -.c;·;: . .-· _·· ;;.·::-/_.,.· ·

,, l$enateGOP;'ll~e~als•. set· tq ••·· nudQeFord .•t<> center J: j:: .;. ~~ ' . .- . • \:··· . . . . . ' . -: . . . , ' .. . . ' - . ,:

C.·>- ' By Godfrey Sperling Jr. J' . . · ·;. Northerµ states whose _electoral. votes wUl manager, Howard H. Callaway, too much rein,': President really is notlistening tO them very ['(: · · Staff correspondent of · .. ; probably be decisive next year. ....,.. and that Mr. Callaway must be curbed fu much any more. · . '· · ·

· \'~•.'}·. The Christian Science Monitor ' None· of the 14 liberal senators.op~ M~.. ~e future from playing up to the cornier~- · Up un~il the lastfew~ays li~rals on the Hill · · , .' Washington Rockefeller - although there are four m this lives through what these senators see as "anij- have tried to be philosophical about the

:; Increasingly worried over the President's . group who indicate they see the advantage of · Rockefeller" politics. · · President's apparent effort to appease. the "conservative policy," liberal Republicans in . having a younger liberal on the ticket. One of Further, at their meeting with the Presi-. conservatives. Congress are taking steps to pull Mr. Ford these·.:... Sen. Lowell Weicker of Connecticut- dent, these senators will ask for: (1) signifi- · But in a recent get~together the progressive back in their direction. is pushing for Sen. Edward Brooke of Mas- cant participation in the campaign and in the senators expressed a fear that the President

:~ It is known that 10 of the 14 GOP senator5 sachusetts for the No. 2 spot.. maldng of the platform; (2) increa5ed in- was going too far - that it looked as though he • 1Jsually regarded as liberals openly favor It is further known that these liberal GOP • fluence _in shaping appointments to the Cabi- really wa5 moving to the right and away from 'retaining Vice-President Nelson A. Rockefel- senators have asked fcir - arid been granted - . net and to other high government positions; what these senators have viewed as an · 1er on the 1976 ticket - and they are letting the a meeting with the President as soon as he and (3) more consultation on presidential acceptable, middle-of-the-road position. President know that dumping Rockefeller returns from his European trip. . programs. They think it now is time to exer.t a would endanger Mr. Ford's election. At that time they will tell him directly to Actually, the liberals have not had too much . moderating influence on the President "lest," :•·They are stressing that moderate Republi- muffle his· "open-convention" .theme. They difficulty in seeing Mr. Ford. But they are as one senator put it, "he forget where the .cans and their votes can.well be pivotal in big, will say that he. has given his campaign becoming increasingly concerned that the votes_are." ·

\

Politics 1

Today Ford Runs Just Like A Real Incumbent

By James R. Dickenson Washing1on Siar Staff Wriier

ORLANDO, Fla. - A funeral procession was heading through town yesterday, the day after the Fl<?rida primary, and one Democrat qu1~ped: "There goes Ronald Rea­gans motorcade." · Re.agan's defeat at the hands of President Ford in a state that had been considered a showcase for his own presidential hopes until. about three week.s ago was indeed a grievi­ous, possibly fatal, injury. The D~mocrats, however, . had better think about the implications of F~rd's New Hampshire and Florida primary victories to- them, particu­lary the one in Florida. It indicated that he could be very. tough to beat next fall. ·.

Down here he demonstrated dra.~a.tically that it is one thing for a poht1c1~n to ca!flpaign against the mess 1.n Washington and against professional politicans. There is ~om~thing parodoxical and hypocrit­ical in the spectacle of men running for the leadership of the free Western ~orld by cussing out politics, Wash-ington and governmenta~ power. .

. ,FORD IS ~EMONSTRATING that 1t s. something else to campaign· agau~st the presidency, against the e~~~1on~I ho_ld the c;>ffice has on the

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put>11c, the sheer majesty of the of­fice and its raw power.

Reagan may not have done himself any good in Florida, but he sure did Ford and the Republican party a big favor. He did something Ford was absolutely incapable of doing him­self: With his conservative challenge · he has transformed Ford, a classic Midwest conservative, into a moder­ate.

God knows Ford tried to refuse the favor. His advisers ·Spread the word that he was just as conservative as Reagan and therefore there wasn't any reason for the GOP to change horses in the middle of the stream.

The good economic news last week illustrated Reagan's problem. Many voters might have prefered Reagan, but when business is getting better those who think with their heads rather than with. their hearts con­cluded that it didn't make much sense to vote for change just for the sake of change. This never has been a cornerstone of Republican politics anyway. .

Reagan tried to counteract by ar­guing that Richard Nixon's manage­·ment of the economy just resulted in a worse recession and inflation than

. the one he was battling. .. The same was going to happen if . Ford was allowed to continue his policies, Reagan said, and the result · - · could possibly be a worse ec()nomic ..

· catastrophy than in 1929.

THIS, OF COURSE, was specula­tion. and Ford's response was '3 ·

· denying smile. a repetition of the en- ,. . couraging statistics and the argu­

ment that they're the result of his . presumably wise and farseeing poli- fr· cies. ·

Reagan also thinks there are points to be scored by criticizing ' Ford's foreign and defense i>olicies.

. But if they're are, he brought them . up too late to close the gap in Flori-: da. · · He also was hopeful that the cir­

.• cumstances of Ford attaining the presidency by first being appointed

. rather than by being elected vice ·president would cancel·- out the advantages off incum))ency. There always has been something spurious ·about this agrument,' however. ·

Vice presidents in the past who 1

• ··succeeded presidents who died in of­fice could argue that they had been elected in the national election, but this ~.gu!"'!ent .. s.trains common

sense. me 1aea tnatanyone votes ror ·one ticket rather than the other be­·cause of the vice-presidential candi­date borders on the ludicrous, and :-Vith the exception of Lyndon Johnson

_1t is hard to name a vice-presidential . candidate who might have helped his . ticket. Vice-presidential candidates : generally are chosen on the basis of who will hurt the ticket the least. ·

::Ford didn't bother to fight this ·argument with logic. The number of '.pork barrel projects and federal ap­: pointments that Florida enjoyed dur­, ing the past two weeks indicated that ~Ford knows how to show who wields ~the real power.

. LYNDON JOHNSON once told a 'congressmen who was troubled by ·voting for Vietnam war appropria­

:. tions that if he wanted to listen io the :- war critics he could let Walter Lipp­. man get that dam for his district. : Ford understood this. Reagan, on · the other hand, dislikes gut political : fighting and was reluctant to open up ·his attack on Ford. ,: In addition to a VA hospital in St. : Petersburg, the $33 million missile :contract in Orlando, a $15.2 million .:mass transit grant for Miami/ a :possible appointment as undersecre­,_tary of the Treasury for the leader of >Florida's Conservative Union, who ~Reagan had hoped would support :him instead of Ford. This is what an

· ::incumbent can do. . . . Reagan's challenge has had anoth~ ' er benefit· for Ford, one that all ·candidates enjoy. Campaigning is :like playing softball or the clarinet -: as you practice you get better at it. · .· That is not good news for the : Democrats, particulary if the econo­: my continues to recover. Reagan . need~ some sort of catastrophy or :.disastrous blunder by Ford to get ·back into contention. This is general­~ ly a requirement for unseating an · incumbent president, and barring such circumstances Ford could be a very formidable opponent next fall.

This is- also bad news for the boys on the "Saturday Night Live" televi­sion program. People may stop see­ing Ford as a president whose pri­mary talent is falling down stairs.

'1

" t. t. ti r. c

.: t· f "· a \' t!

I

· Vtveak~ii~dPresid~2~ .. ·.· '1.. • •· . ·• ;::>.-> " ... > ... ··)·.:. ;· · As the nation struggles to mas.ter its s~eyer~ ~n~IJ11C :

p,roblems, its political institutions shifti anct,strain.:.}o · a·ccommodate the stress of change. The·'c'entral facq~f t~ay's politics is .that President Ford is· in the w~~te House only because the elected Preside?lt . and V1ce­President were driven from office for .. criminal mis~~.·

conduct. . .. ·' .. . .. : ·Appointed rather than elected and elevated.to pow~r ·

by freakish circumstances, Mr. Ford has no democratic mandate. His party was dramatically repudiated in last fall's mid-term Congressional and state elections. Most d~billtating of all, is the.fact that his personal leadership appears to lack a firmly loyal constituency in either the progressive or conservative wings of his party. . . .

Mr. Ford's poitical circumstances are not at au unique. Several. nineteenth~century Presidents-John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, Arldrew Johnson, Rutherford Hayes, Chester Arthur-also lacked a clear popular mandate· and a solid political Qase. They were not America1s .:..:: worst Presidents. . .... _ . .. . ·

Historians now appraise some of those · nirieteen·th- : century Presidents rather favorably, bu~ they ... ~ere p~ceived by their contemporaries as polltically ~ the defensive .. It 'is significant that none was renominated, and only Fillmore la.ter tried a feeble comeback as. a third-party c;andidate. · . " · • . .

-Although President Ford's political difficulti~s. would not have seemed· unusual a hundred years ago,· they are disconcerting now; The nation has beco111e :accus:tomed tO:. a vastly more powe'rful Federal Govemmen~ ~eaded by ·a strong personality. Mr. Ford is not seen m the· context of Hayes, James Garfield, Benjamin Harrison and. William McKinley, those Middle We$iem Republi· can regulars of an. earlier. age whpm he' so much re­sembles. Instead, he· is.juxtaposed against his. colorful, assertive and activist modem pre~ecessors, '.~ .. ; .'~ · > ·

'riuring most ' of . the last . half of t:he· -.:nineteenth century, except for Lincoln's Civil War .tenUr'e, th~ Presidency was weaker than Congres~. OJ! 1najor '.issue~,

f Congress passed the laws and the President · ~nd his subordinates dutifully executed them. · " . .

so marked was this distribution ()f · power . that Woodrow Wilson, then a young scholar, described ·con­gress in 1879 as "a. despotism.'~ In his book, "Congres­sional Government," a few. years later, he wrote: "The business of the President, occasionally great, is usually not much above ·routin·e. Most of the time it is mere

.. administration, mere obedience of directions from the masters· of ·policy;· the standing committees [of ·Con-.

• gress].'' · t ·

Since Congress was. predominant, it .seemed natural : ; , to WilsQn that Presidents "should wear a clean and

irreproachable insignificance_;. Because modem Presidents . are· -custodians · of the

· t : · : nation's nuclear arsenal and can decisively effect the course of foreign affairs oy their personal diplomacy.

·· . no modem Chief Executive could be as diminished ir, ·r I r ; . power as his predecessors of a century ago. Yet it remains true that much of a President's authority is of

· ·~, an.' intangible kind.· His effective power corresponds : ;: closely to his ability to articulate policy, to inspire , .. , popular confidence and to negotfate skillfuHy with ~: . · Congress. Essentially, he has to formulate programs !H that. by tbeir,JogicaJ force and political appeal earn

. ~~ . public anci. Congressional c?nsent. . ot :• Mr. Ford's predecessors in recent decades seized the ~;. ;.~.J.nitiati~~ from Congress in, both domestic and foreign :J. : affiiis~.Jieif:anliOJd-it only as lohg as he demonst.Taus:

... ',; i::;thaf he ·has. the ,~wsite· skill. and popular .support .... ..... -.~. ·~ ; ' r. ·,, ·-:-;; .:-~·:-,. ... l i" 1 .... ~ - . • : ' --;; ; ·= . < .- '

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v The Gallup Pou ··~1 <

Ford Approval Ratind ··' Slips. 5 PQints lo 39%

, By George Gallup , , f · · PRINCETON, N.J. - Presi-I that the government of South · dent Ford's performance rat- Vietnam would collapse. Mr. ing has slipped 5 percentage I F_ord won public support fo_r . · . ·- · · ·. ' his proposal to send humani­.Pomts after a sharp but bnef tarian aid to_ South Vietnam, surge in popularity following but was overwhelmingly op­

. the signing of the tax rebate posed on his proposal to send bill. military aid . . In the latest measurement, CHandline. of Job as Preslctent)

39 per cent approve, a figure Approve app':!5;e Op~:1on age rating for 1975. In the pre- ~;~h""~8.3·1 .. :::: ~ ~ ~ .·

. that"lllatches Mr. Ford's aver-1Aoril 1a-21 .. : ... 39% '6% 15'!(,

vfous . survey, conducted March 1-10 .... 3e 45 11

. shortly after the tax bill be- 'l~: l?-~~c~ .~ 5; 13 {: · ·

I came law; the President's rat- f:te~: !.°913 .:::::: ~L . ~f .?: ! ing was 44 per cent. ~g~: 1/}18 :::::: ~ · N ~

• • The President's latest ap· Oct. 18-21 ...... 55 • 28 11 .' 1 ti d d f 1 ·oct 11-14 ...... 52 29 19 ! ! prova ra ng was recor e o • SePi. 27·30 ...... so 28 22.' I 'lowing the fall of Cambodia and J.:1:

1ri

9 ·:::::: ff 1 ~ ~l

.· \_at a::~ime of growing certainty ©1975 Field EnteMJrises, Inc.' ·.,.,.: .· .. ' '.- .. ·'.

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600 4/19175

NATIONAL JOURNAL REPORTS

"©1975

With an increasing sense of urgcncv. President Ford is being advised by s~me of his aides t.o openly begin wag­ing his 1976 election campaign. But thus far. Ford has declined to go alom! with his ad\·isers.

"Quite :J.- few oi· us have been agitating for a 'go' decision but the President doesn't see it that way -and he's the boss." said a White House aide. speaking on a non-attributable basis. ''He does not agree that the time is right and wants to wait until probably late this summer.'' Arguments: The arguments of the President's advisers are based along the lines that almost any action he takes will be \·iewed in a political context whether or not he is a declared c;.indidate: time is needed to estab­lish an effective campaign organization: as an an­nounced candidate he would placate some of the un­happy conservati\·es within his party and perhaps de­flate talk concerning a conservati\·e candidate. such as that centering around former California Gov. (1967-75) Ronald Reagan.

Ford has -said on several occasions that he plans to seek election next year. most recently in a statement before members of the Young Republicans Leadership Conference when he said that ·-without any question or a doubt" he will be a presidential candidate. Presidential politics: In private \Vhite House councils. Ford, accordin!! to his aides. has maintained that his best politics is -to be .. a good President" and that he does not w:rnt w appear to imegra!e his rresidenti:.d de­cisions with his political objectives. His aides contend such an appearance is unavoidable. particularly as the election draws nearer and the political climate gets hotter.

Regardless of the President's motives. his appoint­ment of Interior Secretary Rogers C.B. Morton as his new Commerce Secn:tary was interpreted as a pre­campaign move in \·iew of the opportunities the oc..:u­pant of that Cabinet position has to be a rallying force among business leaders. And even though Ford's trip later this month to New Hampshire is billed as non­political, his visit wi ii be watched closely since the nation's first presidential primary is scheduled there next March. While in New Hampshire. Ford will par­ticipate in a \Vhite House conference of business and civic leaders and possibly address a joint session of the state legislature. The reception he receives could serve as a political barometer. especially since the state's Republican Governor. Meldrim Thomson Jr.. has been outspoken in his criticism of the President. as has William Loeb, conser\'ali\'e publisher of the Manches­ter Union leader. the state"s bie:~est newspaper. Increased activity: Despite Fo;d\ non-political stance. White House aides concede that the forthcoming cam­paign and the political fallout from \'arious presidential actions consume more and more of their time and attention.

John T. Calkins. deputy to Robert T. Hartmann. the President's chief political aide. said that the \Vhite House political se..:tor has "riparian rights"' to con~ider the political fa..:tors in almost every presidential deci­sion, including appointments. legislative: proposals. for­eign policy moves. spee..:hes and trips.

Calkins himself maintains White House liaison with such Republican Party grc ups as the Republican Na-

.~. tional Commillee. the Republican Governors' Associa­tion. the state commit1ees. the Senate and House Cam­paign Committees and even some county Republican committees. Proposed commiuee: Recently. Ford said that an inde­pendent campaign commiuee will be established to promote his candidacy and act as a fund raising or­ganization prior to the Republican National Conven­tion.

Earlier. White House aides. aware of the taint asso­ciated with President Nixon·s Committee for the Re­election of the President. had reported that Ford's campaign would be handled through the Republican National Committee. Howi:ver. restri,:tions impo,;ed b~· the new campaign financing law make it almost obli­gatory that Fnrd establish a separate organization. Also. as a White House aide observed ... All other in­cumbent Presidents had been national candidates be­fore and had at least a skeh:tal national campaign or­ganization. This is not the case 'with Ford. Because of the enforced neutrality of the Republican National Committee. his pre-convention campaign can't be mounted any other way ... Points of diITerence: President Ford's reluctance to get his political campaign off the ground is just one of the points of difference between him and some of his politi­cal counselors.

Thev have urned him. in the words of on:: of his :iirles, -"to pay ;,ore attcn:ion to conser,·::i:i\·;;~ in t!it: party ... Several opposed the request he made in his foreign affairs speech April 10 for $722 million in mili­tary aid for South Vietnam. Others advised him against engaging in politics of recrimination by implying that the Democratic controlled Congress was responsible for the recent si:tbacks in Southeast .-\sia . .-\nd at least one of his political aides recommended that he not sign the $23.1 billion tax. cut bill. which he reluctantlv approved March' ~9. .

As Hartmann has often suggested. Ford is perceived by his aides as his own best political adviser and he fre­quently follows his personal political instincts. which may run counter to those of his advisers. Issues: Not surprisingly. White House officials at this early point agre.: that the national economy will be the major issue in the 1976 campaign, notably unemploy­ment and. to a lesser extent. the level of inflation. Ener­gy is not seen as an overriding issue. "It is difficult for the American people to focus serious. prolonged allen­tion on something that isn't staring them directly in the face. parti..:ularly if they can get gas at the pumps and turn on their electricitv." said a \Vhite House aide.

Nor did the aide envisi.on the international situation as a crucial issu.:.

He said that the White House was not surprised by a recent Gallup poll which showed Sen. Henry M. Jack­son, D-Wash .. JS the strongest Democratic challenger to President Fl1rd. The White House. however. is not counting Sen. Ed\'ard M. Kennedy, D-Mass .. out of contention desri:e his declaration that he would not be a candidate. the aide said. "It's very possible that if there is a dcadl0..:k and they are unable to make a deal in which a guy ..:0uld get a majority_ of the delegates, they'll turn to "cnnedy." he said. ··1 would be willing to bet $500 of my 0wn money on it... 0

----------------------·-~---==~--

l!ii\\ ..,JJ

.-----~-c·· .. -----·-- ----· •----------··· ·---------·-------·

F oTd's Campaign Plan Vnit HoWs 1st M,~eting. ;. Others who attended the ''R~bei:t R Douglass, who is.'

·meeting included former closeto Vice PresidenfRoc'k· Defense Secretary Melvin .. R.·· . efeller. , .. ,

By Lou Cannon, WashlngtOD P08t St"ff Wrltel'

President Ford's informal campaign planning commit­

' tee held its first official

primary elections on the same day.

The i>resldent said at his news . conference Tuesday

·that the dnformal group headed by Burch had been given the green light to be gin campaign planning. Out

planning group who showed up yesterday was Leon · Parma, an executive of Tele­dyne Corp. in San Diego and a long-time friend of Mr. Ford.

meeting yesterday but reached no agreement on who should direct the 1976 campaig~. of the group's meetings is tc.

Parma was a frequent golfing companion of the President on bis April vaca­

: tion trip to Califorrila.

"Everything was discussed come a recommendation for but nothing was resolved," a f<irrilal ' committee, ex­said Dean Burch, .who pre-sided over the meeting, ··•· pected to. be announced .in

' the next few weeks; Burch said the only con· Burch,· · · former· White·.

sensus was that "we're going to need a top-flight lawyer" House political counselor to to deal with the.complicated President Nixon and chair­problems posed by the 1974 man of the Republican Na­federal election law. tional Committee during

Barry M. Goldwater's 1964 "The biggest topic was the campaign for the presi­

Federal Election Act of 1974," Burch said "It's a dency, said he did not know minefield. None of us have whether the chairman of the ; ever been familiar with it. formal · committee would · Just learning the jargon is come from inside the pres-kind of complicated." ent group; ,

Burch said that all other For 'the time being, at \' aspects of campaigning, in· least, M. r.· .'. .. Ford _is·. b. el. ng c. ar:!· eluding finances, organiza- fut.to have no. member of tion and a "policy for the the White House staff at­primaries" also were dis- tend th.$·~meetin~. of Burch's cussed. He s!lid. that no group: .-·· "• · · I agreement was reached on "The ''President. :Wants to 11

. any of these topics, includ- . make a distinction between 1

1

ing the question ot whether bis political chores and his · . Mr'. Ford should enter the governmental chores, Burch ' tr~ditional fll'Shli'.!iJ.:l:n~1;:'9~•>sai~~ "That kind of. distinc­.~~'N H(l~Ps~~;" :. 'i:!~1r:0,t:;~Wtion:can get

1pretty ~~zy ~~

,. . There ·iire .. efforts · undet': {~ee; but he s going to try. · . ~wiiil .iti l\g:a~sa. cli\ls~~-. 1;iin:if~1~F()lie , ·. i>revioW!i:Y. : . u~an'.·.· ~B.hOde Island: .iQ;lOliF'UWiF'·i;.mo~ .·. member. : of · tne •:;;•:;~;,,'..: O' : ::•'i;,cl:"'_':~:\(:·:i:'!;}f~~;::.X:? - •; ,\.,·<. : ,· •..

., ... ··

Laird, formP.r White House counselor Bryce N. Harlow, Burch said. he expected fo.rmer Pennsylvania Gov. that the group would meet William w. Scranton, for- · again within tiie next w~~k mer Nebraska GOP Com­milleman Richard L. Her­man and New York ·attorney : ' .···

or so.

THE WASHINGTON POST ., . . ' ·,_:, .. "

'·I'

. Thursday, May 8, 19i5

•

By Lou Cannon W::i.:-.hin&ton Post Staff \V1·iter

President Ford, spurred by ~current reports that he will :it be a candidate in 1970, 1011 will announce formation

an election campaign com­i', itlce headed ·by old friend

feeling in the White House that the source may have 1becn trying to "sabotage" the Presi­dent and predicted that the story would wind up being "an embarrassment" to the maga­zine.

J. !lvin H. L~ird. According to the Newsweek While House sources said aC"count, the President told a ' 'cl c timing of the announce· meeting of six intimates whom ent is being pushed ahe:id he afterward swore to secrecy .~cause of ll'idesprcad ;rnd that he had decided against inti11uing disbelief within the running in HJ7u because of his

· cpublic:an Party and outside I wife's health and because he . that i\lr. 1''orcl intends to !cit he could not spare the

·ck a full term. money and time for a cam-i.\lr. Ford was described as paign.

•. ·ing increasingly frustralcct I "The J>rcsiclcnl wants it skepticism about his cam-I known that this slor.v is un­

. ign intentions despite his true," Nessen said. "The Prcsi­pealcd declarations that he I den.t ~1cld no such meeting. lie tends lo be a candidate. defimtely plans tu run fur

~ iat frustraLiun boiled over all clc<:lion in 197u. J\ny reports · 1e \\'hite House brictrng ~·cs·'to the contrary arc wrong." ·rd~y morning when prcsi·.i. Nessen made his comment

l cnt1al spukesman Hon l\cs-1 In rc~punse to questions at the , !n denounced a Newsweek: daily \\"hite House bricfin~

ory that quoted a ··well-con-! but he came prepared to dc­ectcd capital source" as say-i nouce the Newsweek story. Af· 1g that Ivlr. Ford had decided 1 terward, he said the President ot to run. I was "furious" when he learned Nessen said there was a See PRESIDENT, AG, Col. 3

4-J ')_':'.)I',)~

vrvASN. 'PO$!.

;r ~:-~7r---~ ,'~-: ·.

PRESIDENT, From Al eled speculation th.at he might in the White House, indicated not seek a full term. yesterday that Laird, who was ·

Saturday ~f what .Newsweek Asked casually by Walter unavailable for comment, had was preparmg to prmt. Cronkite on a CBS television agreed to take on the job •.

But the magazi~e declined interv~ew April 21 whether he In recent weeks Mr. Ford to b~ck down_ ?n its account planned to enter the prima- has ·been doing wliat he could despite flat. demals of the su~- ries, Mr. Ford replied: to molify conservatives un- · posed meetmg from the Pres1- "\'Tait 1 h . d' t d happy with his deficit spend-d t d · h' I k' ., er, ave 111 1ca e W

ehn.tanH var10fuf~ . ilg t-ran mg that. I intend to be a candi- ing policies and his insistence 1 e ouse o 1cia s. d t 1 h t d on continuation of detente · a e. ave no ma e any ca- . . . . ·

While denying the News- tegorical legal determination w1~h the Soviet .Umon and week story, White House offi. that I will be a candidate." Chma. cials readily conceded that The President went on to Hi: took ~notl~er step yester- . there is skepticism among Re- say thlft he might have "good day m a ?1re

1cbon favored by

publican officials about Mr. conservabves1wh n h t Id 3 ~.Ford's intentions in 1976. reason" to be in New Hamp- . . e e 0

,· shire for the primary, but he 000 cheermg members of the . These officials attribute this left the impression with some U.S. Ch~mber of Commerce

skepticism chiefly to Mr. GOP officials that he was in that h~ opposes a consumer . · Ford's own refusal to an- genuine doubt about his own protect10n ~gency and favors : nounce categorically his candi- candidacy repeal of fair trade laws. , dacy and to efforts by conserv- It was the reaction to this "I do not believe that we :· ative Republicans favoring program, more than any other need yet ~nother _federal ~u-: :Ronald Reagan to quietly dis· single event, that spurred ~eaucracy m Washmgton with ti credit the President. White House •plans to push it~ a.ttendant cost - about $16 :; "There is a myth which is forward the t' . ,, f M mllhon over the next three ;:fervently accepted by the Re- , imm.,, 0 r. years - and hundreds of ad­·.·publican right.that the govern- Ford~ announcement. The ditional federal employees" ·

. . Washmgton Post reported on d 'd ' ment is gomg to be handed March 24 that the P 'd t Mr. For sai _.

: over to the Rockefeller inter- 1 res~ ~n The President said that ': ests-either by making him P ann~d to form a political "Depression-era" fair trade i. President at the last minute co~mittee for the 1976 cam- laws, statutes stipulating a : ' or by somehow laying the pai_gn, but no · announcement minimum price at which prod­; presidential mantle on him," of it ha,d been sche.duled. ucts can be sold, drive up the

said one White House senior One source said the an- prices of such items as 'books, . official. "You can't knock nouncemen~ had been dclay~d cosmetics, shoes and hard • ! down that myth short of the beca~se Laird, a former Wis- ware, costing consumers $2 ·. second inaugural." · consm congressman and Sec- billion a year. . · When Nessen was asked retary of Defense, had not The President said he soon whether there was any suspi- ag~eed to become ch~irman. will call a meeting of the 10

: cion that the Newsweek story Laird was quoted m the major indepedent · regulatory :: may have come from Rockefel- March 24 story as saying it agencies to "discuss the imper-

\

ler sources, he answered that would be impossible · for him ative need to foster greater there were no suspicion!ll pf to h~ad such a committee ~t competition in the public in­Rockefeller. But he pointedly the lime under terms of his terest and the equally impera· refused to niake a similar contract as a vice president tive need to consider the infla· comment about Reagan with Reader's 'Digest. tionary effects of all proposed solirces. , Three sources, two of them new regulations."

"I don't think I'll go any fur­, ther," he said with a smile.

Actually, it was Mr. Ford more than anyone else who fu·

;,.1···. .. '·· ·:·:-'"

~ .. . ;_:(.,,,•

.··•··

VJ ASH _pas'

.~11::!~~~~ I Ford Rating 1 Improves by I Three Points. : , By Louis Harris

j President Ford's oV'erall rstanding with. Americans has limproved slightly from his low , 'rating a month. ago; he rates a 57-to-40 per cent negative on the "job he is doing," com- 1 pared to the 60-to-37 per cent -le:

'!';'.;;.:,~negative a month ago. _ .:iti5? 'T-~G;)l'. ·':,This is Mr. Ford's best rat· . i~If-':S: iii.g since he suffered a severe -

.·;~Jii';~".·loss in public confidence last ,.,,,,,,;,_,...-;_ 'fi- - I

., .. nuary. - .. 1

Ironically, Mr. Fcird has 1

won public confidence at th.e time he has experienced nu· ·merous setbacks on the -eco· !nomy and foreign policy,. rang­iing from the Middle East to !Indochina. · i Between April 16 and 18, a 1cross section of 1,568 adults 'iin 200 locations nationally was asked: . ' -I. . . ... _- ..

I ··How would you rate. thc·3ob

President· Ford is doing-ex· [cellent, pretty good,, only, fair :or poor? ' \

: APril, 1975 ' March

Jan. Dec., 1974

1 Nov. Oct.

POSi· Nega. Nol live !Ive Sure

40% 57% 3% - 37 60 3

36 ~o 4 46 52 2 -48 47 s 45 49 . 6 67 20 13 -Sept.

(C) 1975, The Chlcavo Tribune

-~ ....

\.

/

" 51% Back Presi1ent;s Effor~s in GOP-Sponsored Poll By Lou Cannon • Two issues dominated fl ;The ""Pr~s1dent made. mar· ---~,.o_--· · .. - ----- --- -.-,~~- -- --

Washin1ton Post staff writer when respondents were d gmal g-ams among ticket· The President did worse President Ford has far asked the No. 1 problem fac· ;j splitters and Democrats and in the· Harris Survey but

in" the country Inflation 11- had a slight loss among- 'th-- t" k d by' Har

more personal popularity led with 43 per c.ent, unem- h Republicans. But he still . e. ques ion ~s e . with the American people · ployment was second with ; was given a positive rating rlS is not precisely compara·. than do his major policies, • 23 per cent. Political corrup· I by 68 per cent of 'tll.e GOP ble. Voters are asked to rate according to the findings of ' ti on an. d llick .of,J~a ... dership

1

. respondents and by 38 pe~ .- ~ ~e ...• P .. re. sident on a scale of two months of White House · was a distarit third,' with 7 cent of the Democrats. . . "excellent, pretty good, only e6mmissioned national and per cent. and energy fourth Mr. Ford's ·greatest gains - fafr,.:Or poor." Harris classi· '' regional polls. with 3 per cent. No'other is- were made among voters in. -·fies· the only fair and poor

-The polls show that 51 per sue rated more than 2 per· the North Central states, , as negative, _and in his latest cent of those surveyed ap- cent.. where he advanced __ 7 .points. · poll found that Mr. Ford proved of the way Mr. Ford • When people . -:.:were for ari appr'o'°al r~tlDg, of. 54 ! had a 40 ~ositiv~ rating and is doing his job as Presi· asked which issue they con· t..,. . . · ' .. ,, -, .. • - ::: :-3 a 57 negative ratmg.

~:~t_t'wC:om~:~~dpr:~~~. 38 per . .•d. "_ d •t be - ~t ' ... ~ L per cent ·ae g~ne~· sllgbtly l , fer~~~v~~~sM:~enF~~h ~~-. . · si ere 0 mos unpor.. 1 in the South where his • 1

At the same time, 37 per 1 tant for them personally t di '5

-- ----- ---- .,\, cent of the respondents as- · --rather than for the country, ' 5 an. ng was 3 per cen~, '~cy p~o;pecti~e Dem~~atic signed a good or better rat· · 6 out of 10 mentioned unem· , and m the West, where- his . presidential opponent in ing to the way the President . ployment. The other 4 said

1

. approval rating was 50 per ,.Har_ · ris' · ''.trial heat" polls, is dealing with unemploy- i"nflati'on t I th N rth t his . cen . n e o eas ' ·,' with the sole exception of ment and recession, and 32 • Mr. Ford's standing on al t" 46 per cent gave a good or bet- . . . . b approv ra mg was per , Sen. Edward M. Ke~nedy ter rating to his energy pro· . the issues gi~en priority_ Y I cent and unchanged. ;:· -·",_(D-Mass.), whom he trails by

. respondents is not par_tic.u- . M F d' ~ -. ! 7 r entage points. gram. . larly strong. On economic is· I r. or s most dramatic I' P~ c - .

_This data on the public ; sues, he was rated good or- I improvement in rating oc- .:~: __ '!'he_ DMI nabon~l holls . ' : perception of Mr. Ford and ' better by 37 per cent, fair by , curred on a February trip to were tak~n ~Y -t~(1~:

· his policies was contained in ' 35 per cent and poor by 21 Topeka, Kan., where -his ap- ! from a !1attwnda s~~l f / a 76-page "study of national· per cent. ·However, he proval percantage jumped 217 regi.s ere vo ers. o issues" prepared by the Cal- gained 4 percentage points from 49 to 65. He went from . the regional polls use.d a 40~ ifornia-based Decision Mak· I in the top rating from Feb· 43 to 54 per cent approval in . vote~ sample, except m Call· ing Information firm and ruary to March. the l\fiami area after a late- fo~ma, where the sample paid for by the Republican ' .- There are 2 respondents February visit to Hollywood, size was 600· National Committee. approving of Mr. Ford for -,Fla., and from 56 to 60 per; .. :"---3 ------

Included in the study personal reasons such as i cent following a mid-March~' '::'."[1 were national polls taken: in honesty or sincerity for ev- 'trip to South Bend, Ind. ··-'···;_ .-;i

February and March, and ery 1 who a~proves of him ' - But the Ptesldent made before-and-after evaluations because of his stand on an neligible gains in popularity of the President's standing issue. Slightly more than :'.'following a trip to Houston in five areas he visited half of the respondents w.ho <and after his vacation stay around that time. disa?prove of Mr. Ford cit~ :;ln Palm Springs, Calif. The

Except for a vacation trip an ~ssue, usually an eco •{data from the ratter trip to California early in April, nomic one, as the reason. w~e based on a' statewide Mr. Ford gained in popular- • While the President's . pool. Mr. Ford made ity in each of the areas he approval rating was on the speeches in San Francisco visited, a result that White upswing, Congress' w&S and San Diego, and held a House political counselor gaining more. Mr. Ford press conference in the lat· Robert T. Hartmann found went from a 47 per cent ap- ter city. "highly encouraging." proval an.d 42 per cent dis- Mr. Ford gained 1 per-

. 1 approval m February to the · . . . "The evidence of this poll 51.t0•38, figures; Congress 1 cent~ge pomt each m Call·

would seem to say that the went from 42 . per cent ap- ~orma. and Houston follow-,President does infinitely proval and 47 per cent dis· mg !rips. there. He droppi;d better when he's out there approval in February to 46

1

2 pomt~ m e~c~ area on his in almost body contact with per cent approval and 40 per . economic p~hc1es .

. people than he does at a dis· cent disapproval. The findings ~f the D · tancc." Hartmann said. • Mr. Ford does well with poll correlate with the Gal "That would seem to me to i, young voters, a traditional i lup Poll on ~ssues, but Gal suggest that, the thing he : weak spot for Republicans. ! ~up has consistently shown has to do is get out in the

1 His highest approval in any I _Mr. Ford . with a lo-;ver ap­

country." : · age group was 55 per cent proval rating. Gallup. s ~atest The findings of the study : . from voters in. the 25-to-34 ·findings on . a. similarly

provide support both for age bracket; his next-best 'worded qu~sti~II! about ho~ those who believe Mr. showing was 53 per cent _Mr. Ford is handling .his Ford's political standing s among the 19.to-24 voters. · job'

1 showed .a· 37 per cent

on the upswing and for The pool analysis called this approval rating compared those who view his election "a heartening sign," and with a 43. per cent disap-chances as precarious. Some Hartmann said it was "the proval mark. of the highlights: single most exciting thing "·

about the findings." · - •

. - - -=-----=-- - --···· ... ,,,,,., ';:-:::.~~

(~ . . ,..,_.., •. :.-. -_ ·- ...

THE WASIDNGTON POST SO!_urday; April 26, i9is :.:··

-· ., - -.-, .. ...-_ ..::• - ;.4:<,;;.--_:- ~

~-Evans and Robert Novak

Ford's Vulnerability \ .

-;_._

-:~

. MARENGO, Ill. -The political vul· nerability of Gerald R. Ford after nearly nine months as President is ap· , pallingly apparent i~ this conservative, rock-ribbed Republtcan farm town where he has still made no impact as a forceful national leader or, even more

. dangerous for him, as leader of his party.

.Indeed, Mr. Ford is perceived here as little more than "a damn good guy" and "a good family man" w~o lacks presidential credentials. Consider the astonishing response when wi: asked ~4 Republicans, interviewed in their homes along Marengo's quiet, country

·. streets, whom they want their. party to nominate for President next year: '.only 12 said Jerry Ford. ' ! Even worse for the· President, for­mer California Gov. Ronald Reagan, leader of Republican conservatives; ran nip and tuck in a head-to-head Ford-Reagan matching for the 1976 presidential nomination: 20 for Mr. FOrd, 17 for Reagan, the balance unde-

. cided.. . . ' 'The only conclusion (and it should - galvanize the President's political oper·

atives in the White House): Jer~y Fo.rd is not clearly perceived as pres1dent1al timber in a Republican heartland that should crive a Republican incumbent hands·d;wn support and which voted almost 4-to-1 for Richard Nixon in 1972.

· The contradiction between lack of confidence in the President's alJility to run the country and high este!'!m for his · character and personality seems unique in contemporary presidential politics. With the help of national pol~­ster Patrick Caddell and two of his Cambridge Survey Research fie~d workers Henrice Taylor and Marcia

· Selz w~ found this .contradiction at .- . . the heart of Mr. Ford's. ugly predica·

,":,·

ment. Thus our Republican voters, asked

whethe~ they had a generally favora· ble or unfavorable opinion of Mr. Ford came out 4-to-1 favorable. And whe~ we asked them to rate his over­.all performance as President, 37-well over half-rated him favorably. .,_.But when Mr. .Ford is · matched

_____ ,:

. .

against hard" issues, those. "good-guy" bright spots rub off fast. On .his han· dling of the economy, for example, only 12 :voters rate him better than "poor" or "fair.". His negative rating on running foreign policy is. 2-to-l. · · , "Why is he trying to get us back into Vietnam?" a young teacher . asked. An elderly widow, asked what she par· ticularly did not like about ·the Presi· dent, was bitter. "The state of· every­thing is so bad and there is Ford out in California playing golf and so on. The ·money they must spend on those trips, and all this unemployment!" '

. In our specific questions about Mr. Ford's performance, he rated high only on his handling of the honesty-in-gov· ernment issue, with 48 voters· giving him an "excellent" or. "good" score. But unhappily for Mr. Ford, that high

rating, and his equally hig)l scores as "the kind of decent, honest man the,

·presidency needs," is only a base on which to build a strong presidency. The superstructure appears not to ex­ist -- A middle-aged factory worker sum· med it up: "I like Ford as a man, but he doesn't put forth any surge of lead· ership." That same theme was a bro­ken record. "He's compassionate," said a $20,000-a-year marketing consultant, "but I sure wish he would clobber .some of those senators a little harder." '.'He's for us people," a foundry super­intendent told us, "but he doesn't have enough influence to put things over,"

It is true, of course, that we con· ducted our interviews during one of this couuntry's most embittered and depressing periods. The Southeast Asia crisis is· at a peak and unemploy­ment is nearing 10 per cent. Yet the obviously low perception of Mr. Ford as a· strong leader mastering these overwhelming problems seems · at harsh variance with our voters' per-ception of Reagan. ·

Out of office in faraway California since January, Reagan nevertheless has a . clear base or constituency here on the Illinois prairie. In a head-to-

. head presidential primary against Vice 'President Nelson Rockefeller, Reagan .scored just under 50 per cent, with Rockefeller and the "don't knows" far behin,d.

Likewise, despite Mr. Ford's "nice .··guy". image, Reagan outscored him­and routed all other possible 1976 Re­publican presidential contenders - as the party leader with the highest "favorable" rating. ·· ·

B\lt Jerry Ford has no discernibl6: base. He had no national constitueney .when he was appointed Vice President and none when he was catapulted into· the Oval Office, the first President in history never to campaign for national office.

Despite his nearly nlne months at the center of the storm, that constitu­ency is as elusive as ever, at least i.n this quiet little corner of America, and time is running short.

© 1975, Field Enteri>rises. Inc

lp~cisi~~-Making ill.the•·FOrd-White House ·~~: <:· ...... :~ .

' ;. ·• '! ~· . By J.>HN HEkBERS

~i,.,j>ALM SPRINGS, CaHf.-Gerald R. Ford, the accidental :J>r~sident, has had more opportunity than .he could wish :hf or '.ri the lr·.st few weeks to. demonstrate his . style in

1 d~ision-mai<.ing when it . couHts, undl<. the ·pressure ot

~~~jor events and issues. . . . · · · . t~<What has been visible implies. conflictirig styles: deCisiv.e ~.oand orderly in domestic matters, disorderly ·and uni:oordi~ 1. nated in foreign affairs .. The visible may. be illusory, espe­.~ally in the public.display•of contradictions last·week about ~/Indochina. · ' · .

~i1~'1What is clear is that Mr. Ford is not only 'open to .views ' · ;:;·different from. his own but solicits them. . ~~~''ASide from the offidal advisers. around him; :Mr~ Ford :~;!>pens his mind to more points of view than probably any

lt, ~resident since John F. Kennedy. He invites intellectuals .~ S.l»W~ <'N'<.'S.e' his. r<-licie-s. to the Whise House from ,~'·,-'I\\ '\~Wt t\l ~~~ t'\~~~~W ""' '\~~~ ~ tt-~ 11 't'C~ ~';" r~ngc of ncwspFipc~-s. He talk!l . :It length with n'cmbtrs of ~:,,~c~mgress of all stripes. · . ;;: .... But there is a limit ·on his views. His conservative· eco­., ·~nomic advisers are divided on. strategy, not ideology; and ;,.;:-uiere is little diversity among those he. spends, long hours ~. with socially, as shown in 'his vacationing activities here.

He is staying at the Ja,·ish home he is renting from a·. ,,;:"wealth~ insurance executive, Fred . C. Wilson. His daily

•.

· .. THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY, APRIL '6, 19?5

·.;

'.. : tile coritrastbetween the '.AC!mi~istration's actions on the . t~x bill and that on Vietnam. is due to the sharply differing

1 : sys!~ms . of . making d~sioris ., in foreig~ and dom~stic .i i pohc1es. . . . . , ., .

.·.·I(' "·When Mr; Forti became:Preside~t last A'ugust, he ad~:~ie(l·.

.. LI.··"·-·'. . . . . . · ... ·.·· . . . .... . . . , ,, .. l,. c ...

\f-~ full the. f~~~~;n-~~~d~;,>f 'itiJ; p~edecesscir, Ricl1a;;i;:~s·::, ··\.Nixon, and retained Mr.::l'is,sln~r as both Secntary.,Of .. ·J:

, ; [:),,:State and as chief Pre; id~ra,tia1 ,adviser on. m1tbila1 security. /:.: i .; m.'!-tters. There has be~.:i no one close to the •President who :; . i r· ~~as; disp lted •Mr. Kissinger s poli~ies. an~. lnitiative:i on any · ··1 i i . m'!-JOr 1:.r-ue, and Mr. For• 1 has no mclmatitin to ov~rrulc '. : 1 Mr. Kissinger on any of hts basic· premises~ l .

A!soctated Pnlss. Thus it,- was not surprising th.at in foreign policy[,~);:~' rounds of golf, on one exclusive course after· the other, i decision-making process ~eems i:;omewhat dlsjoir.ted ~hen)(·< have .been with i'ich business executives, friends Mr. Ford • the. Prer.ident is. away froin Washington·· and_; from qi~~· f;;ji: ·

uired the - his lit' l li! N .. ~ policy n aker, who did not arrive here until Me In/he • ,J'. , a~ C'itt ye~ m tJt) !Ca e. I') OM '"'~ IU~· t.? q;fS!~ 'l&"~h Uut h~A'if. f~ ~ffllt,f/di/fifl, ··• . r: · · '.'('. •; ~~~ ~u Mr. !''!:\:ti tt-n..;::ri: 'll a~ ,)t>l'(poti:n oo l!!!e ·On eamomie arn1 otllc~ domestic pOlicies, hoY.evefMr.;: •..

Ford is clearly in charge. No one in his ,Adniini~trationJ\U.i\ A close-up examination of Mr. Ford's decision-making the

last 14 ·days may . help to put a perspective. on thes.e con· flirting .impressions. . · · · Before he left Washington last weekend for a week;s

vacation ·in this desert resort, Mr. Ford went . through a textbook exercise in determining economic policy that was :c1ean and decisive. After listening to opposing recomrriEin·

,· .. ,;!

i. emerged with a dominant voke t~(it the Pt,e.siden.t 1W~ns1 to over all ·others. Th(I appearance of.conrusi~n'. as ~een'la..!it,,;. •; week, was m,1stly iJlu. <Ji'y. 'It V.·as a demrmsl_rf't1~n of r".P~~· . '' the real auth1.1rity in f-:-reign policy lie~. . . '. ' ' . ;',';,;

As a decision-maker, Mr. Ford exh1b1ts traits th.at: his . associates describe as healthy and proper. for an executive;

After studying his options and makirig his de~ision, Mr. ~ord

dations from his economic advisers, the President decide~: ' in his own mind that for both political_ and practical rea~·:

sons he would sign the $'?3.1-billion tax cut bill despite hi~) objections to some features. .

Then he went on national television and ~;icplaim~d his; reasons for doing so. He presented the picture of a Presi­dent very much in charge. In Californh\ last week, hCJwev_er, the Ford Administration appeared to be beset by. confustan and uncertainty on what to do about the deteriorating situ~ ation in South Vietnam.

.; puts the subject behind him and does no.t 'l{orry .and eqmvo-(' cate. Before leaving Washington, ,Mr. Forq did what . ha

could on tax and energy matters, he made l11s proposals on more aid to Vietnam and Cambodia. Having done that, he came here to relax and that is what he has dpne, with some hours set aside for work and for 'statements to assure the nation ol' his leadership and of the country's basic strengths. If trouble in the economy, in Indochina and the 'Middle· Eas' was of gravest concern to some, Pres.ident: Ford was not one to show it.

On Monday, the President was shown on television sprint"· ing away from reporters who had asked him to say some­thing about Vietnam. On Tuesday, his Press Secretary, ~on Nessen, said, in a briefing, the United. States was carrymg out diplomatic initiatives for a negotiated peace, t~e~ had !O retract the statement when Secretary of State Kissinger m Washinoton said no such initiatives were going on. On · Wednesday, while Secretary of Defense James R. Schlesinger was saying in a news conference the South Vietnamese Government while in deep trouble, had a chance of sur­vival Vice 'President Rockefeller was telling reporters it was 'too, late to do much about the situation.'(He too 're-tracted.) · · ·'

John Herbers is a New York Times Whit,e House corre· spondent.

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Special to The Christian Science Monitor

Washington ' Economic policy in a presi­

dency of Gerald R. Ford would mean more of the "old-time reli­gion" of tight fiscal and monetary policy designed to wring inflation out of the economy.

But Mr. Ford would also exploit his "honeymoon" period to rally business, labor, and Congress to a new national attack on economic problems. And he would be more

. . ready than President Nixon to · 'move in with relief for segments of the economy most damaged by

·high interest rates and continuing ;inflation: ut111tles, housing, trou~

: :-bled financial institutions. He would also be amenable to

.· special help for individuals who · -­have borne the brunt of economic dislocation, within budgetary Um~

-~Jts. . .

J. J. J.

He favors at least some in­crease in unemployment com-· pensatlon and in public-service jobs for the unemployed.

This is the prospect as gleaned from recent speeches, from what he has told congres~lonal col­leagues in private meetings, and from associates familiar with ·his views.

Mr. Ford would have no magic wands to wave. Federal Reserve Board chairman Arthur F. Burns warns that it wUI take a couple of years of slower economic growth to beat inflation. Mr. Ford's main contribution would probably be to

r1 eve· , ·g·, ter economy, b~lst~r ,,;i;: coriftdenc~- . through energetic actlvtty dfrected at do~: mestic proble~s. free from the debllltatlng effects of Watergate.

·---·-•-•·· -·---·-u·• - •-i ' ' :· ' congressmen, · Without com· House, arguing ·that trad~J·~if~

mlttlng. himself' to. any figures, rlers cost the United States"sev·

Mr. Ford's top priority would be to cut federal spending - a !lltance consistent with. his long career In Congress as a spokes-

1 .

man for fiscal cons_ervaUsm. · Where President Nixon has

talked about shooting for a bal· . ance in the budget he wUI submit in January,· Mr. Ford says he hopes even for' a surplus. And as a president with a deep reservoir of goodwUI in Congress - where he has scarcely an enemy - he would be in a better poslUon than Mr. Nixon to veto popular mea­sures and make his vetoes stick. ·-"Nothing could be more impor­

tant in the war against inflation," he told an agriculture conference in Washington Tuesday,· "than to achieve a surplus in next year's· government operations.''

Mr. Ford might also succeed in getting Congress to establish an agency to monitor wa~es and prlc~s. He has no taste for a return to controls, but would probably buy Arthur Burns's ldea of a review board that could "delay wage and price Increases In key Industries" by holding ·hearings and bringing publlc pressure to bear. ·-.

J. 'J. J._

Dr. Burns also suggested this week that $4 billlon be spent to create some 800,000 public-ser­vice jobs If unemployment tops 6 percent, and Mr ... Ford told. a breakfast meeting of RepubUCiui

that he favors the idea at least for eral bUllon dollars a ·year In areas with high unemployment. higher consumer prices and . the

In the speech to the agriculture Inefficient use of resources.'' group, Mr. Ford noted that cer- His views of tying trade with

·taln industries have been "espe- the soviets to thatnation's agree~1 clally hard hit" and deserve help. Ing to let J,ews emigrate freely -' He maned utUitles, housl.qg, a problem that bas hling up the.

and financial instltutlons. He ls trade blll In the Serui.te ...: r re hot said by aides to be "Interested" Irl khown. · · · ' ;, .·· Ideas economists have suggested · · · ·· .. · such as boosting the Investment • He ls a strong defender of credit for utllittes from 4 percent defense' spendlrig. Whether ;·he, to 7 percent, or guaranteeing the • . woulci trim there to .win suppqtt utilities' bond Issues. He also for genera! budget-cutting "\ROh~_ might favor some form of credit gress ls prob~ematlc. ·; H'; ! • '

r:t~o~r;:~ t::i~~~;;!s~f~~:o~~ ': ;·., .. ·, · .. '-,>. J. .. ·,, J. .····' · .• ,..\!.,:·· .. ·._:.i_._··:···.·:'.·._•JJ,;

be pushing for all-out credit con: , . trols. With all the speechmaklng and i

J. ' J .. J. :·

Mr. Ford's known views on other economic questions . In· elude:

• He has never been a great advocate of tax reform, and fig­ures "stabUlty" In the tax system ls more important right now. He would llke' to see the tax system altered to provide more ln­cen tlves to Investment, but dis­counts the feasibility of ·getting that kind of measure through

-Congress.

• He doesn't think there ls a depression around the corner.

e He ls an lnternatlonallst In economic policy, ,strongly favor­ing freer trade arid aid. to under­developed nations. He worked strenuously to help . Mr. Nixon pa.Ss the trade bill through the

voting Mr. Ford has done. on economic Issues, however~, It .. must stlll be said 'that what he­wotild do aS president Involve.~ a' great deal .of guesswork. For the most part, he has viewed his role as that of getting Mr. Nixon's. policies through the House an~ he: has had little need for orlg~l

·thinking on the economy. . \ .. , · For that matter, he ls 'not

Inclined by nature to study such. Issues In depth. His strengfu would be In putting together a team· consensus on poUcy and then exercising his well-honed political sk1lls to put the pollcy Into action.

One of his key problems w111 be to get labor to moderate Its-catch­up wage demands, aqd as one good omen AFL-CIO leader George Meany says his "in· cllnatlon" wm be to "co.operate 1 with him In every possible way." ----------------------------------------------------··-· -

' /': /,j

George F. Will

... ,.~ .' (

Doing Without Presidential Grandeur Like the roar of cavalry galloping

over an iron bridge, there is a roar of advice T}ourihg in on Gerald Ford. In a democracy the laity has an inalienable right to kibitz about matters large and small, so I would Hke to chip in a fe:w suggestions, beginning with one con· cerning a good man. ·

Send Gen. Alexander Haig back where he belongs, to a posi-tion of lead· ership in the Department 1of Def.e.nse, e>r to ·a diplomatic: posl

Becanse Haig is a soldier and diplo­mat, not a politician, he was out of place in what is. properly a politician's job, that of White House chief-of-staff. Be<.-ause he is honest; he was out of place in that job in the last administra· tion.

Haig ha<! a brilliant record -0£ serv· ice as Tlenry Kissinger's deputy from 1969-72. It would be unjust and· impru­dent for the nation to deny Gen. Haig an opp(lrtunHy for further service.

My other modest proposals concern style, gestures that would help dissolve the patina of um epublican grandeur that n-0w covers the office of Presi· de·nt.

At least some of the times when Mr. Ford wants to meet with congressional leaders it would be nice for him to travel to Capitol Hill. There is a Presi· dent's Room on the second floor of the Capitol Building, right next to the Sen· ate floor. Lincoln and others used to sit a•t the mahog·any table and sign bills in the cLosir.g hours of congres· siol' al sessions.

The room is staggeringly ornate. in the 19th-century style, with a huge gold ch'lndelier, Brumidi f.rescoes, por· trait.<; of sundTY heroes, wall<to-ceiling

"So, Mr. Ford, if you need a new toothbrush,

pop around. to the drug store yourself and buy

one. If you want to see a movie, go to it, don't

have it brought to you."

mirrors. And the ceiling is covered with highly . spiritual and mol'ally uplifting paintings.

·Meeting there, or in a larger Capitol room, if necessary, '>W>uld be a nice way for Mr. Ford, a man of Congress, to affirm that the Capitol Building, and ithr legislative bran£h, is the sym­bolic as well as geographical ceI!lter of the nation's capitaL ·

Another measure that would help re-· store reason to its throne would be an order from Mr. Ford t-0 his staff: Un· less there is some compelling necessity to do otherwise, turn oUJt the Hghts anc! go hoxr.e at a reasonable hour each evening.

One of the most unattractive aspects ot life in Washington is the almost ma­nic mock-industriousness that leads high government officials ito neglect their families in order to invest their work with a solemnity that n<>t even the serious. work of goveril!Dlent often requires or deserves. Whdte House staf. fers who live reasonably normal lives, who .get home early enough ·to ha·ve the bary drool on ~heir stuffed shi·rts, mii:iht Pven ·behave like normal people when they return t-0 work the. next morning.

And now a radical suggestion: Mr. Ford shc,,uld get out of the house a bit.

Presidents never suffer life's little irritations. Presidents never get caught in traffic jams. Airlines never lose Presidents' luggage. Presidents never . have to wait jn the supermarket ex­press check-out line, with boxes of lima bE'ans defrosting in their hands, while some dingbat writes a check for a $1.03 purchase.

No wonder Presidents begin ito get ·odd ideas about· being free from all re­straints.

• . So, Mr. ·Ford, if you need a new toothbrush, pop around to the drug store yourself and buy one. If you want to see ·a movie (please: not "Patton") go to it, don't have it hroughit to you. If you run out of pretzels, go to the su­permarket. And good luck ,with the ex­press ct.eek-out.

And go out to church. As an Episco­palian you have a lovely church, SL John's,· just across Lafayette Square from yrur new home. This business of having church services in 1t1he White House · sug·gests that God, like "Patton," must come to Presidents.

-iiiii

Ii'. ',,.,J." ·····•"~;' '... . .. ·• \~t; -~f!bate on grand ~oll.cy, e~pecia.lly for.eign policy. we need . .. :~~- more party polltics. m this country, not less. But it must if!l\f be; a kind' of party :~olitics 'thaf lranscends _qtiestfonil of .~·ffe'. .· }!atronage a,nd pe~ty favor-swappin.g and poses the grand' ~-\,'.'~' 'issues for popular: exaD1htatiori' and dedsi<iri: . . '' . ·.·· ' . . ?t:i·:::~~ truly open pre&id'e~~y ~~q\lf~es tba( w~. kri~w ~-ucli.

M;:~~~a~:;i::~~~:~~~;~e~&~~l3,'.~~~~:~\11:s~~:ri·• · r'.:1.lon nor is ,jt ending .with. Gerald Ford.: The right'. tq' .f.::;·,p,issify governinenf. do~nienis.as secret pas been gr<issIY~ · ~\t: '..abused in Washington; th~. neeef to classify, widely is one: ~f'i\{''"0t tile :·ii-eat myihS:: :Receiit1y jolirnaUsts ·a:s: well. as IUs.: · ~~t.tor!ans a9d otlie~~ sc~oi~s _.ii~ye_ ·~e,en· makil)g '~ conc~rtec( 6:'.~1'- ~ort to· open Up'_ the files;,,th!S .effort m!Jst :IntensifY. · ·. ,?:~'!\~'.;Ultimately the. only. force th!!~ can cur.~: exc~ssive presi­~~:\rt /~entlal power hi a;_(legiocr11c~ ls the peoplfi! themselveL .. f11~7:~-e must;~be" cautious jlbout ,-~~y pfoposals that woul(,' ·11<" .,:seek to lnstilate the President. again8L1Popular control ..

TJte constiiutfoJ1ilCiiiriendment. ihat ·rorebade. p~esidential l;'i/~ ,~~cf. term~, pOSth!J~OUll ·:slap against Franklin Roose<

~~- · velt · by people'. :who • could ,never. defeat him while he~. • . ?:;if:f~ed. ~ means· that a Pi'eslderit'.;will always be -:a lame·· · •:;:,> ... ·duck during · ~is. second term, immune to the .. voters'; ~{'retaliation ·it ,the··. polls.' lt · 'should be repealed ... And on ~§t":~e · same g~ounds · ,W,e shoiild ··be leery of s~cb · proposals ~~~7; · as the· single~ non-repeatable sfx.year term for the Presi-­~.\~;-1 dent. ·we musl' keep _the .President ·in politics. · ,- · :~;/,,,.~;.,:'. In the long run ·our bfggest ta.sk will be the hardest­r.....-r::- Joe.thinking . the ve1-y- foundations of 'i>Ur- :constitutional: ~~~ .. :~stem .. The. main'. source .af the' trend tcJ\VIU'd ·presidential:: ~~t:.).o~~r, Iles, p-onically, · ~ t~ . constitution~.that f~agmen ted. n~<~)~~"ret• ,The 20th Century: presidency }s · in es~~nce a re­~~/' ~bon. ~ . the 18th. ~nt~ry-ch8.rter·· T~e ~o.un_dfng Fathers t:i'.'~~f!ispe~sed auth~rlcy; ~e'popular:.irnPulse is·to.concen~ate·; .• f~L ·~iJ. Dispersed power means tbat anyone· seeking· acbon-l.. :('~'.'.1JsuallY the Presiden~must concert. authority by piecing· ~,~;-;·together bits and 'Pteces ·or authortty . :troD1 •· dlfferenc · ~j'.''.'lources in House and senate, tlie bu.reaucracy, the Judi•: ~:f'~clary; ihe states and.localfties;-par.tiesan:i:I interest groups .. " :;f:':•Thls kind of brokerage aiid 'iiianagemeritleads inevitably·: · · ~'iii short-cut expedients· arid "fo fmprovfsafions and "prag_. . k~-; inatic" declsioris : 'that .. can ; be•:' morall)i 'danger'olis and·1

. .

M:''~legally 'questioriable.:,wnen.<F'DR 'used :tits"pardoning power7· ~~~;~ make a deaf wtU(a'Soiitherii-.8,enato~. over ai(a~point"'.· _ ;;:<(Jnent and· told the. astonished· appointee,' ''Totlay· I .traded:· ~/-'you for a couple.of murderers/' he. was not·only.manipu•'X fY.?IBung uie brokerage system but indulging Jn the kind ... ~f~f'of expediency ajUn tiie. ion~ run foster~'.· Watergate~· ~~::.~e~tamr~· ~·-~··:·:·:.,' ........ ·S<::.;. 0•

\::-'.{,?':: , , ., • · · @1975; 'l'h~ ,1101to!' Globe:, :' :<: . . -·~, i:·_: ··.:. ;-~~--.;-~;::... . ·.~·-

:., ..... . ::· ..... · .• ~ .

:~. . ..... ,,,~···'·"'' THE WASHINGTON POST ·t-··o·v Ll.·-:-r~. 1 te.· .··::"· ', ·- - - By James MacGregor Burns · I It is in his failure to curb the monarcpical presidency·. ferences, to mute their quarrels, to join tqgether-behind

and to. shape a .leaner executive office that Mr. Ford's·: . , pres~deiltial leadership, of course.· Issues are transformed : .~rns is professor of political science at Williams College~ ··. rea'ctiOrl.. ·to ·watergilte:ha~ been most disappointing. ·i frorri. questions of fundamental value,·choiCe and d~ctrine

Ffis:·J;oo~s' include "Presidential Government," "The Dead. :: >: .. The:imperfal trappings of the presidency persist. It was' . into technical problems to be administered by specialists. :_o~!,Qemo~racy" and biographies' ~f FrankU!l _R~osevelt. ~'. 'hoped that.Preaident Ford,'a· simple man of little affects),, The'commonest expression qf consensus is the old saw, ~.-.'~.h ·i·k'_.; •• ~e;.··· K .. ennedy'.

0

'fh_i;s,.articl1

e-was_ w_ritten for_· ... r .. ta.e·Bo_sto,n' · .. ·. _·, ·ti<Jn, might restore some of'. the republican plainness 9f •.. ,. "Po)itics stops at the "water's edge." Wby should it?: After ., -i;; . • °:' Thomas .J~fferson's day, . . .. ":. . . . . 'L Vietn~µi aitd a' few other adventures abr'oad, one might

'" ·· Ef.1 ~ &fCHARD1 NIXON'S. ~bd\cation one: year ago '·· a~i:J'}!el'{oetsi!~~~Y~~~~r1!~~:~a~~s. s:n~"·c~~%1~~:~ ::~ · . :~:~:1J;a!1fi~a~8!~~:~gc~~~;t{:i~1~~:is~~~~:!~!fc;~ I\aptil,ted Gerald lord ·into the' White. H(111se,Jhe '(. councils still abhund :~ th~ executive office. A President, peace-should be stepped up. .· ~' '· 1 !: -.esident was kl!eniy aware .'of the powerfid reaction Yr:' ofcourse, needs.a larg~(staff, if only to enable him to. , Third, th~ uses of crisis. A real ~r fabricated emerge~y':: ";the American people ~g~hist presiilenttariihuses\'of .1 '.''cope with and command th~ Jiuge,bureaucracy over which ; . at_.home or abroad produces a sudden concentrau~ ·ot j ;:.He seemed determined to redress tte bala~ce.:.:::to ·: ·'he presides. ,~ut ·a bloated staff can itself become one»· .,power in th.e .executive. The President appears. on tel~.:· o~gress a genuine partne~ In policy, to recognize/·:,· more ~~re~ucratic illlpediment to presidential .,dJrection _) vision, callS Congress intd ses11ion, mobilizes the .bureau!;,:·.

'"·' · i f th R · bl' p t i l ti . """ , and imt1ahve. Nor has Mr .. Ford found other devices for ·.. racy; asks for~and u!iulhly' geis:..::..iipeciiil auh1oritY. to ;·deal' ner ro e o · e epu 1can · ar y n e e~ on cam· : ~'.I': " · · · ··i· 1· c · · · · · . '· · "" ' · .. · · · " · · t: · · · " ~?' . · .·. ·.· , .. ,, . , > .. :.·.. . · exec_ut ve, eadershlp a~d ~ontrol. President Nixon. having" with the emergency;-.:',l'(le :l)sual partisan debate: Is sus;-. . Jo conduct .. an open p~esidencY,to cu.t down, on/. :largely ignored his ~~b,lrietrft was expected that his suc- ,.; pended as the people are asked to support the Presid~nt's narch~calways and sheer bulk of, the p~sidency. , :: cessor would ·fashioli;~it-'ihfo a more collective more re· • : hand: Many a speech calling for another step Into' the ,eJi:has he· .made out? / <' .·· : . 1 , ·.: . · .. · .: '\ ... · ' :' ~ sp_ot_Jsible ancj;'ino~e infl~e~tial body. This ha~ failed to . Vietnam quagmire endl:!d with a 'plea for bipartisan unity;: Jnly.:he has cond~cted'a far ~ore open a.lid c;aridid take plac~; .. ',l'.he,~abiq~~:rE!tjlains a-body, of specialists, each behind that step. Facing up to a real crisis is;- o! co4~~;': #µ~tion than' his ·immediate, predecesso.~s: Often, · ' · .; " · ,:; f, · · . \ · · ' ·

1 ~ .• /.,_<_.f.: ... :

a.Uon comE!s' haltingly out of the. White .·House,.: but; . : ," :: .·. <.:~:' \·.- . 'rit· se~ms to···have_·b.e~ri mU~h .. inore.-.forthcODil:ng. ·.~ · · .-, · ··' ,.. .. · ·· · · a

~ ... ~:~~:E~.~i~~:!~~-~~~l::. ;·Ford/ and the Presi · ·_en .. \ c,:y.·_· , .... , BtE!&: an .even lower one. What rankles now is 1

1not Presi- · ; en't.!:Ford's assumption of negative legislative leadership . 1:

~rough his use of the 'veto power, but his pious utter-: ' -~¢isfof last fall about not merely the honeymoon but• , concerned almost exclusivel;v. with the plig~t of his or a presidential responsibility; but the over-use of crisis ,; ~i:~mar.riage he would have ·with the Democratic .. Con· \ her. own department. · l can become an insidious addiction lit a democracy.' Note~t\ ress. Holy wedlock soon turned to unholy deadlock. U .. To .blame President F'otd unduiy f~r ihese· faihii-es;· ·how Mr. Ford's popularity·, spurted: upward lifter ft.h~- ~ e\;P.erslsts, President Ford at this· rate will ·estabiish' a: • however, is to .misunderstand the fundamental pr6biem,' Mayagiiez"·"ci'ists:" \ · · · · · · · i '."' ., le~-~ lis the most veto~prone President in history~ at '. "wh.ich exiSted- long befo~e hi~or FDR'~presidency. To· · · · · . · ~ · · J,tF.:f;f, :a~t.:6n major. bills. He cannot be faulted for exercising ' arraign Mr. Ford pers,onaUy is to Ignore thetjasic)nsti' . . . . ' · ' .. . . ,; . .. , f~pnquestloned constituticmal fight to strike down. cori· ·' ttitlonal and psychologjcal forces that ~nderlle'the swoll~ .. ·. :IF A.· MODERA~E, . constitutionalist President. like ' ~-~ssional enactments-only for raising false expectations· , en executive in Washington. :·; '· ·"" ' .1 .• ... :.Gerald Ford falls even :t_o begin to..rE!versE!)h~ _ _.ti;en~..:' 1"'.ti{the extent of his camaraderie with 'congress. First the popul I dema d fo e id ti 1 U . : toward presidential domination, who or· what can? The ;XsJ'c,; his commitment to -the· ,Republican Party, the .- . Presid;nt Ford can:~t thrustn awa/pr~~i:en~~al apo:~/~~:-i·"\ : . soluti~>tt Is not fo ti:y to str!p 'the Pfesi~ent !>f his, neces: ~9~.P.tl£t i.s quitemlxed. Responsibie· GOP leaders ,came ' cause.neither he nor his, predecessors sel):ed such power,; iary authority and beef up cong~ession~ clout; .such a it•ofthe Watergate nightmare with an absolute deter· . to begin with. They: did hot grab pow~r;.,ft was largely . ·~course \Vould mainly produce delay, drift a:°d de~~lock» iillation never again to allow a ·President to ignore, .by-• .forced. on them. It was forced. on them by farmers,·busi- .'·~er-e· are .. no short-run expedients. Inc t~e fong. run., how- ·. ~. demean and generally kick laround the' Republican nessmen, working people who wanted gpvernrrient ~o act e~e~; w~ c~n produce a safe~ over-all b&lance alJlopg ~ur ttfonaUeadership and organization, as CREEP had dcine ' •. in a time of dire economic depression or. milit;iry c;risis. v .: instit~bo~s- of government. If. we keep ce~!n ~p~~~.epts i fth:·Nixon's blessing. Yet Mr. Ford has already set up a · These claimant groups turned to the one institution. that ,. : · in. mh1d: ·. ·. . . . . . .. ' " . . . ·. .. ' . . · i' ~ts~nai campaign group ~hat is keeping its. distance hot :seem-ed able to aCt, and that still seems able to act. . .. : Partisaft differences are riot some ~ind of embarrass· ~~Y from the regular Republican organization but from ·· Second; the call for "consensus." Politicians. are greedy~: ,' 111ent to l:ie s\Vepfup and stqck info '!l ,clcisetU1 ~imes, i~ Pt.esident~s hand-picked Vice President, Nelson Rocke- · . for support arid they have. to belifve--Or claim-that the , . , of decis,ion: a!l~ · ci;tsls. Ra~er t_hose differences ~re the :jjer.d,f Mr. Ford is bent on . isolating him~elf from as people are united behind their brpliant l~adership~ Presi,·.< '.:'i. ~Ion' ~~ d~lllO~~a~y; a~d ul~in_iately its greates~ ~'feg1;.1ard.' . ~Yal a supporter as Rockefeller, what Republican candi~ \ .; • ·dents in particular. seem unable to deliver, a major speech • : . '". Pur keY failure ,is that we have not .~reated a pax,ty SY,S~ ..

~t_!m~_t.J_;n.:'_~· ~~ sure ofthe President's .. ~~~z,~r\ next year? .• ' ·, ·.·:_ that' ~!>~s, ~~t ~:~~ {°~. -~e peopie r P~t_,~side, th:lr ~~- ·-:L.-,~~~qi~ ~~ :pis~IJ;e, o~~a~.; .. :.~ ... iia.ncl ·s;~f~jt:•µ c~.~tilluing

~---··········

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Let's think

(tlj)N; //),£,

St-PT€dtt6cE 1 I: I

Honeymoon and marriage Obviously it will take a long time for

the Ford administration and its sub· stantive policies to take shape. Both personnel and structural changes of considerable magnitude have to emerge. It is a great deal better to go slowly and avoid mistakes than it would be to rush forward with dra· matic a_lterations.

·. -Some changes in the cast of charac· · ters immediately around the Presi·

· dent had to be made instantly, and they were. Nothing was more impor· tant or beneficial than the departure .of Ron Ziegler and the advent of Jerald terHorst. Former President Nixon's lawyers - James St. Clair and J; Fred Buzhardt - also went · swUtly, clearing away the battlers against impeachment.

The great impending change, most significant and delicate of all, ls the status of Gen. Alexander M. Haig Jr. This exceedingly able man supported Mr. Nixon valiantly, then played a crucial role in stage-managing the resignation, and has continued to serve President Ford with all his talent and knowledge. He deserves well of the nation.

Roles combined Already General Haig had made the

great sacrifice of resigning his. mili· tary career, where he may well have been on his way to becoming chief of staff. His introduction into the White House combined civilian and milltary

-~roles in a manner seriously disturbing ~ to many who believe these realms must be kept strictly separate. And now 9eneral Haig's return to a mill·

By Erwin D. Canham

tary posltion is opposed by those who feel such transitions are improper. Yet General Haig's sacrifice should not go unrewarded, his talents unuti· llzed.

Before much longer, a great deal more shifting of leading persons must take place. There are soft spots in the Cabinet. There are weaknesses in the regulatory agencies. The overhaul of the White House administrative struc· ture must be completed and staffed. The team of old presidential friends -and long-experienced public men -who have been advising Mr. Ford have presented a simplified setup, with no chief of staff after the Halde· man or Haig pattern, but a group of key officials reporting directly to the President.

Eloquent actions The present transition, unique in

American history, is being carried out with extraordinary dignity. President Ford had the delicate task of succeed· ing a disgraced leader of his own party. In a dozen ways, he repudiated the style and practices of his pre· decessor, yet without overt and ex· pllcit condemnation: Actions were mosUy left to speak for themselves. They were eloquent, but in good taste.

That so much could be accom- · plished in so little time is remarkable. President Ford has exceeded almost everybody's expectations. Before· hand, he was credited . with little beyond a widely praised decency, and long legislative experience. ·

In action, he has shown far more. He has been bold - as in his amnesty approaches - and careful, as in his references to '.Mr. Nixon's future. He is making the most of the honeymoon, while laying the groundwork for a good marriage.

Results count And yet all ·these hopeful auguries

are largely atmospheric. Real, tough programs have yet to emerge. The conferences on anti-inflation action are excellent atmospherics, but in the end a program must emerge, and it will be tested by its results. Certainly nobody should expect an economic panacea, but inflation will not cure itself. Congress is demanding action .. Unless the White House gives the lead, the legislators will.

The generally disastrous way in which the stock market has reacted to the economic outlook suggests that atmospherics do not carry very far. One might have expected a good deal of the euphoria over the presidential transition to transfer itself to Wall Street. The end of Watergate,~the end of the Nixon era, saw the market settle into one of the most sensational declines of recent times.

President Ford and his advisers know they are living on borrowed time. They have made a really admi· '· rable start. They· have set. a tone which they may well sustain. But beyond the tone must be the policies .. It will take time to develop· them. Naturally. Great tests have been passed already. Still greater ones lle ahead.

THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, FRIDAY, JULY 2.5, 1975

.:~~:~KY" TALK ls . fanned ~ Ford's agents to-eomiter the Reagan threat.

Ford campaign manager Callaway con· tends Rockefeller looks like a liability for the 1976 ticket. He damns with faint praise Rocky's attempts to court the right wing. Callaway says Georgia party leaders were' "very impressed" by the VP on a recent visit but "they still say, 'Get him off the ticket.' " He says Ford agrees it's a "sound concept" to consider a young running mate.

Rocky steps up efforts to save his spot on the ticket. In the guise of campaigning for ·Ford, he will speak all over the country, starting in eame_st after Labor Day. Rocke·

: feller will huddle with state and local Re· '.publican leaders. He will contend that GOP conservatives are a minority within a mi· nority, that Ford must seek support of mod· \ erates and liberals.

Rocky's allies argue hopefully that Calla· way's attacks are just a temporary strata· gem t.0-· disarm-Reagan backers. They say Ford will stick with his VP in the end.

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.r· 1ss1nger:>'~-- ver-ru_e __ · . Y-: -.or.::-<<· .·· .Jl·~l~f.~~1~:~.;~1~F!:§~!9L!.~~~{~]!f~¥.i~1~g~?Eti~~~~h-- President° Ford ··overrUied -- home" and Ford_ concentrated comphmented the :Pres1de~t dicate puzzle~e!lt at ~ism

secretary of state HelltY.- A 'On t~e ex~i:c~d ~~h~ o~.~hat Jor w.~at,_, __ they _ cillled .. his of t~e HelsmJti: lllee~l}~~~by ·Kissinger·- by·. '.delivering· -an he. 1s gomg ~. csay .m :the -;irestr~n .. ed~'-speech:;: 'I)ie ~ec- et~1c grou~s an~ ~~~~l!-per unexpectedly_ firm. speech' at Ui_nted State~, a d1pl~mat ,retary, µiformants ~.iµ~ _,wa~ edit~rial writers J~t --~ '.i;!ie the He!Sinki · stlmmit, set;lior said. . - -,, . - .~ : ... :> : <' _amus~, puzzled, ~P;.~. u!ti~ PreSiden~ ~as 178;dY toJ~ave 'offiCials report.· . :•'.'i'.J:''.l ~::·"·· <Despite. _his 1_!11hal~- obJec: ~ately __ pleased. . _ ~ · , __ ... , for Helsmki .. Critics. ~- ~r· _ . · .· · · · · : · - · -~ 'hons, off1c1als said, Kissnger Mr. Ford, one informan_t gued that the .agre(Jn~nis

Kissinger .would. have pre- quickl1 agreed that Mr. Ford, said; ''is a real politician and signed' there. iii :~eif~:~n· ferred a milder speech, but should delver the speech the Henry is not." The Pr~s~de11t; dorsed Cc:>m.munist ~owlSfa.}ies the-draft he prepared wa.s not President wrote with the help he explained,. became acutely iii Eastern Europe. ·.• -. !?-~~:: _used when .the ·PJ:'esident of Wite House aide Milton awareofthesuddenandharsh ... "All.'these critics.rell)ai'Jied

;~<- spoke to the h!!ad~ of g9v~n~ Freedman. Kissinger report" domestic criticism of the liel: muni for· years, thouglpf, "Ytas . \::· ~ ment of 35 countrit?S ~n _Aug. edly .was persuaded by two of sinki meeting and its: possible obvious at least for ~~ ~Gijths . .- ,_ ~ 1. Later, howev:t?r, ~singt?r his. closest associates State effect on·:- the elections neXt that there· will be. a ·inUuilit

··"--,_-,,,_, .... agreed tha~ the:P:i;esident had Department counselor Helmut year. : ,.' > ', -._: .. ;·/-·'::·: _,. and that' we' will' be ~e;'' '· .,-.. _ done the right thmg, sources Id· d ·Arth Hart ·. · · · ·· · · · · - · · · · ·a ~~-~.:.1:.. • _ .. ,· "d ---·-·:·-·-· . __ ..... _._·_· ... ~ :~ · Sonnenfe -an __ ur · . Mr. Ford is-also reported to one official sai_. He ._~·we

< __ :·# sai · · :-·• ··:'->'::.·.-,_, .. ·:.' _·'·:' man, the ·ru;sistant secretary beslighUyless-enamored-with administration w0u1d::.b·av·e <-<,·· i:'i -_.- Kissinger, as _Qne informant for Europe, ~hat the Presi- detente than iS his . Secre- welcomed: "constructive-:".CO'in· -~',-::~·-J put it, "had wa11ted to giye dent's speech was the answer tary of State, and more impa' men ts, including ciiticilril: :fu }\·';·· ·samething more .for (Sov1e,t thatBrezhnev~es~yed. - •. • tie~t than'K,issinger.with the advance;but theywere:!~th· :_:: _· > party leader Leon11;l) Brez~ev Whatever ,misg1vmgs Kis· snail's pace of arms-controlne- less ·coming so late iu• lhe ,;-.-:~-:' to.take home. He was worried singer may have- had, they gotiations (SALT) · and the game." ___ .;:·::_ ; . ;,i; .·. :.~:-!.Z:

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·· 1 ~~er:E .~· ·· · < ··•·· ., ::.; ''· ··•·· ·······• · · ·•···· . , : ". ·i July 31. ,, : .. ~'. ':;~._::,,;:;;'{~~-'.~~::: ~'.':- ' . -·. --_;_ --~ BrezJ:mev ha~_sajd; that-~ _··: •· · .. _

'- -~: t nation s)lould tty. (() . tell an- . ,, - · -- · ·· · __ .,_-~--~ other how to run ,its internal - · ·1 -· affairs. Kisstiiger immediately -· ~ · termed the· ·Soviet· -1eader's · · -· --~:'s _ .speech~n-.~~~onciliatory," -~~ and ·: "-:-: ··

,_,.,.,:-ii _ th!>ught that _;Br~hney's nonin· · : ~ .. ··:.'~ :terlerence . warnmg ·~can . lbe '.:,_\"'. ~~~~ b~th ~~ys:_:::',-?>.GS~)f'. >:~~;;,:·:::

:~-Mr. Ford disagreed,. and de­;~ided 't0'{IDr'abeaC1·-Wit:h:·wliat kissl:nger thought. was an un­necessarily: .harsh speech, the .

- sources : iiidtcated; 'The. Presi, : · :, dent :warned that the Helsinki -: -. -- -~-: ... declaration must not remain

·. -~~·empty words and·_ unfulfilled ·· · ~;.:;~romises": and said that the · .-. '--'.~i-~gnatories"will not bejudged

: _.-., y the promises we make 1but . _.-.. ,_-,by tht: promises we keep,"·_ _ .

>:·.>"i-· · .. -KisSinger .reprotedly be­.:·~~/ :_ 'ieved that 'the strong previous - ·,., _. .S. warnings were adequate _ ,;3'~---. ter the debacle in Southeast · .. :_'. ~sia and 'troubles in. 'Portugal.

"": • ; l~l'he .President and· Kissinger '··Y';i;,ave- said tliat the United -:_.: · :· $tate'S wotild. not tolerate se• ~ ·,_ ~ective . detente :·and have : :';_:''~arn'ed. tile-- Sovie~without :, ~- --~a~ing them.:..:.'..agaiJls~ ti~hing · '._' :~ -t~_oubled wat(!~S. ~':> :: ·;- ··

.: - : ,><- •. :It ·is ~characteristic, one Eu-_..· .. ;~-QPean: ambassador' ·#id; th,at . - · 4,ioth the Pr~~t ·an~ :sec.re-

. -~-ary ·of Sta ad·' the ·same -. ~bing on their minds:the do­. -:;;nestic · impllcations· of what ~Yas said in Helsinki. ,: ---_. -~_--;--.:. .. ~ ~: .. -·~·7·:

,·,:

OCA. -:S\

Washington Wire A Special Weekly Report From.

fThe- Wall Street Journal's

Capital Bureau I ~ . \. TICAL FALLOUT f~om New-York's. p gb p eads in Washington and beyond.

Ford's stand against a federal 'bailout heightens talk he may dump Rockefeller; Ford sems to write off the Empire State for 1976. The President counts on gaining support In mid-America. His position ls pop­ular around the country now. But he would· suffer if a New York City default brought ripple effects to other cities.

Republican Sen. Buckley. of New York takes a big risk in supporting Ford: a possi­ble default by the state government might

' doom his 1976 reelection bid. Democratic G<lv. Carey, once mentioned as a dark horse for the national ticket, ls out Of the picture now. Presidential candidate Bentsen encoun­ters trouble at home in Texas after backing a bill to help New York.

Other Democratic P'Tesidential candi· dates {lay Ford's New York stand. "But some liberals, such as Muskie and Has­kell, are reluctant to back a bailout.

lV.i6h i rt('l>ll ~;x;-r :Se_pt e..~ba.r- ~ ' l q 7 Lf .

• • • W~ithout a Solid ConStituency CINCINNATI-Although. President tree-shadt!d suburban No:r!Wood and

Ford wins an almost unanimous Madeira in coinpany with pollster Pat· "favorable" rating from middle and .rick Caddell of Cambridge Sul1Vey Re-• upper-income voter.s in two strongly search. · RepUlblican subur:ban precincts here, With inflation and the economy la-the shocking facLthat these same vot- beled the most important national is-•e•·s say they kn'ow scM'cely any;thing s'ue by 54 of our voters, only 24 voters about the man or his rpolicies carries -weir uhder ha1f-said they had .the threat .to his popularity of rapid "more confiden1ce" in Mr .. Ford:'s abil· deterioration. · · ity to deal with the economy, thian in

This apparent corttraciJiction stems the disgraced former President. In-from the unrprecedented way Mr. Ford deed, even among 19'72 Nixon voters b'eocame President-not following a :who call themselves RepubUcan, Mr. long priesidential. camrpaign which Ford~s confidence ratio on handling made previous .Presidents well known the sh.aky economy was onay margin· to ·voters in advance, "but •by aprpoint- ally higher than Nixon's. Ten of the 25

- ment to Vice President and sudden ac- Republicans who vote:d for Nixon said cession to President. That means MT. they had "more confidence" in ·Mr. Ford, despite phenomenal popularity Ford, while three said thiey had less. during his presidential honeymoon, LlkeWise, not one o.f the •six Demo-.lacks the hard constituent baseo-party crats in our sampli;! who. voted for workers and millions of voters who Nixon agreeod that with President Ford cart their ballots--which his 1predeces- in office, the ec0nomiy would imprave sors brought with them when they en• over what it might have done with . tered the White House. Nixon stiH President. .AJ!J one Republi·.

A Cincinnati businessman in subur- can voter, a -biochemist in upper..i.n· · ban Madeira, asked whether Mr. Ford come Madeira, told us: "Ford doesn't .w-0uld do better on the economic crisis. have a single problem tod>ay •with ei· than Nixon, summed it up: "I could-not ther .party, but that's ibecause we 'd>on't 1be.gin to answer that question because know yet what he is planning to do." I don't know en<>ugh about him. I don't Here lies the potentially dangerous know any;thing about him." threat fOT the President. Although his

The lack of a dUNllble constituent honeymoon is now in full bloom, . fail· base, despite his massive honeym<>on ure to launch a credi'ble administration popularity, carries grave political risks attack on inflation soon could.consume for Mr. Ford~ It requires· speedy, suc- his widespread but shallow popularity cessful performance-particularly on in a nasty backlash. unopposed by_ th<e spiraling inflation and threatening ·eco- ·nonexistent national constituency that nomic disa'Ster-far more so than with would normally come" t-0 .thJe aid of a a1President backed by a national voter new Ptresid>ent. . . mandate. Moreover, we found onl'Y slende:r in· . The demand for just such swift per- dications that Nixon's dlemise and Mr.

formance, but lacking real confiden£e Ford's acceSlS:ion have hiad much im·

t~d~~-~~-~~?sp~~~~~--i~~~~~~~ ..... ~~~~;;,~~~.R;?~-~

One out of every three Nixon-Repuh·' lican voters of 1972 did say they would J>e ''more inc'lined" in the post-Water .. gate era to vote for Republican candi­dates for Congress. But independents who voted for Nixon in 1~72-the obvF ous target for broadening'the Repulbi· .can Party-told us Mr. Ford's acce9-sion would make "no difference."

That suggests only limited Republi­can ·~ins in the November election. Republiean dissident voters, who could not stomach Watergate and either voted Democratic or stayed home dur· ing the disastrous Republican 1sblaw.ing in the special congressional election here last spring, are returning to the party. . However, this trend stops· far shOrt of showing an.y new Republican .incremen.ts. Thus, the congressional seat in this" formerly roclcribbed Re· publican disti:ic~ is likely to 'be kerpt by Democrat Thomas Luken, who won last spring's special election . -With the President's prowess on the

economy being awaited here with · h>e&Uihy skepticism, his single major ·

policy '.switch - pledging conditional amnesty · for 'V:ietnam draf:t-d>od;gers­struck a highly responsive chord. Over 60 per cent of each category of voters -Repu·blicans, Democrats and in<le­pendenU--agreed with th:e President's amnesty position.

·But comp'ared to Mr. Ford's over­whelming task on inflation and the economy, amnesty is a trivial diver­slon. Whether the poB.tical •base of the .Presidlent's overwhelming pOipularity ; of the · last month can be deepened

.into a real Ford constituency dependis · dh'IE!<:t1iy on his ·economic mastery, and. ··time is :running short.

© 1974, Field Enterprises. Inc.

l0dsh1.¥15+o ~ !f>051 Se_p+a,~~ qi 1q1'1- ~

1~·~ - 7(.

Jose_ph Alsop

• • • .\ Mr. Ford: Facing Major Problems . ' . .

liam Simon a'lld the director of the Of­fice of Management and Budget, Roy With due apologies to everyone who

has formed another judgment, the acid teSJts of President Gerald Ford still lie ahiead. To see ·why, you need onl'Y con­~·ider what formex Gov. Willia!Ill Scran­t.on has been doing- in Washington last' \\leek.

.Gov.· Scranton had finshed a first round of work on the problems of tr an'Si tion and had actually gone home to" .PennsY'lvania when President Ford called him ·back to do a.speciaiJ. job. Thie · job was to make carefull'Y re­searched lists of men of the right stat­ure'. for positions on the level of Cabi· net ~office. No doubt there were other list-makers at work at the same time. Some of them may have staTted work a bit earlier.

·,

Yet it is still significant that Gov. Scranton was only given his special ·job about a week ago. It is also signifi· cant t'nat he concentrated h:eavilY on the financial-economic sector of the' government. Four names. of men of ma­jor standing .in this area were submit· ted to the President last Friday.

The .governor's reasons for choosing the financial-economic sector of the

·government for concentration are not hiard to figure out. ·

To begin \\ith, it is a bit like saying the king has no clothes on at this mo­ment when President Ford can do· no wrong, 'but the fact remains that the "summit" · meeting,s on our economic and financial problems we.re an i·nher­ently silly idea from the outset. The idea began in the Senate an<\ it was just the kind of idea- tilat senators al­ways put forward, and admini:strations often buy, when they all long to avoid · ! · Br·Peter.'Mtkelbank

Ash. Ash is abcut the most depressing re­

maining souvenir of what may be calle<l the H. R. Haldeman era of per· sonnel selection. The Simon-Ash feud is one of the bitterest Washington has

. ltnown in years. Besides this feud, moreover, there is a'!lother deep split in the government. Secretary Simon

' and the Chairman of the Federal Re· serve Board, Dr. Arthur Burns, favor a hartl-nosed approach to oU!I' financial­economic problems. The squasmest kind of temporizing is wanted, however, by many of the new ipresidential staff members in the White House. ,

In short, you have total confusion in this single governmental sector where bold; clear, well-thought-out policies are most despeTately demanded from President Ford. It is mistaken to sup­pose, too, that the President can work

~ out a broad policy -Line and then get the right people to ·implement it. The President's first need is the strongest -

·. po8sible financial-economic team;.· pre-. sumably o!"ganized around Chairman Burns and Secretary Simon. ~

· Ntl · serious judgment oa-n be passed · •upon the future of the Ford adlmini!r · tration until the President has at least · tried to put such a team together-and

not only in the financial economic see­tor, either. Other such teams are bad:ly needed, most notably in 1 .the White Houseitseli. .

The truth is that all the ha'PPY talk

painful decisions. most urgent and dangerous group of To be sure, widespread consultation problems now confronting · him. He

is not si111.y in itself, especiallY when has taken a negative Stop, as at is no the consultation concerns novel and means sitly, however, iby sending Ken-

· - about an "open White House" is com­pletely misleading, at least for practical purposes. The White House cannot be run as it was in President Theodore Roosevelt's time or even, as it was in President Franklin Roosevelt's tim~ The President today simply has too many questions to ponda-, too many burdens to caITY, .too maDY challenges neth Rush away .to the Paris embassy.

desperately co~ex problems 1ike the . Rush is a decent, able man. Yet the worldwide inflation, the dire strain on real motives for Rush's original trans-the worldwide filnancial sY<Stem and fer to tne WUite House from .the State

. to meet.

the other new menaces of thi's danger-. Department reveal-, at.·. a .glan~. the ous time. But the fact is that serious consultation cannot possibly be achieved kind of meo thait now exists in the fl· with a series· of large and miscellaneous nancial-econornic sector.:of the. govern--menit. One motive was fo get Rush out

For these purposes a :·rather tightly organized White House is absolutely

. essential The foregoing are ~ two · of the orgaruzatlo.nal matters the Pre&­ldent ls going to have to tackle· i! .he hopes to succeed for the long pull. So if. we are to be honest .with ourse1Ves, he has hardly began .to tackle the tough

meetings. No one can really get down of the State Depart.mi!'llt where, he was to busines in that kind of context be- not on the best terms· with Secretary of cause everyone talks for -the audience. Slate Henry· A. Kissing.er. The other

Yet convening this series oi. meet- · '"~rtt ~ominant -~Tm· 'ifu7iiiSert ings is t'ile only positive step the Presi<:-~~\_1~~ as: a kiJid.:. of~~)~~er ':be· dent has taken toward dealing/with the :'.\>tween $ecretary ~Cthe TteaS\u"Y. }Vil· . ,·:~i..' - . ;'; -~·::.~J-:.:..;;.:..;~_-?.;;.;,;·.~-:~~~:.i£~,-... ~ _,::.a,:·~--C;'~;"ca-;~::..~-~1:~·). :

parts of his job. · ' :

©1974, t.o& AnseJes Times

.The Gerald. Ford Identikit ---------------By Joe McGinniss

In commenting, sev~ral years ago, on Richard Nixo~·s ·l968 advertising campaign, a writer for the British journal Encounter remarked that the objeet of that effort> had been not "simply to create• what is commonly called a 'better public ·image' of Mr. Nixon, with his own virtues· enhanced and his weaknesses .diminished," but "rather to substitute SIP entirely differ­ent iinage of him, a kind of identikit, of which every feature corresponded not' to anything in. Mr. ·Nixon himself, 'but t6 the supposed emotional needs and demands of his ·•4dience." •

The same observation, rthink, could ~e: appljed to tht?. phenomeri()tJ ·we are. Witiles!ljng · curr~tly...:.;. The Sening of The PreSldent; 1974. · ·· .. · · ·. · ·

· th~re · is, ·howeve'r~ one ·significant difference: . this. time we: . the people, are ·not· only 'the · ctj11suin~rs. b\lt ·the merchandisers as well'. · · ·

At t_hii;; stage of ~era1d,Foro's,i>~esi­dency there Is only ori~ Jmpre~i;ton we are capable of receiving, and, unfor­tunately-both for him end tor us-it -is unrealistic. In our lust for decent leadership we are creating an: idol whom, history suggests,-• we will· even-· tually feel compelled.1o destroy: That this idol is 'named G~rald ·Ford is acci· dental·.

ConSlider what we 'know of him: he somewhat guilty after the fact, we dances, he· prays, he -walks onto his . · need to demonstrate, to ourselves and front lawn in his bathrobe to get his · to the ·successor of the father, that morning paper. He makes ·his own there really is no murder in our hearts. breakfast, he swims, he holds meet- The problem, though, is that false irtgs, he sleeps in tlie same jled as his advertising claims are false advertising' wife:· · · · · · ' · · claims, whether they are made to us ··

Hardly the stuff: of which legend is by hucksters or whether we make made. Yet, since his ·elevation, each them. to ourselves. In selling ourselves of these acts has been perceived as a an ideal President who does not and source of hop_e and lnspir.ation for the· .'.who never can exist, we are once nation.· · again repeating the destructive pcocess

·And consider, for · a· moment, his of buildup and letdown that we have words: Honesty is the best policy, suffered thr_ough so often in the recent practi<!e' the Golden Rule; God will past. pr!>Vide. A month ago- these were the · I am afra'id that the selling job we harmless · platitudes, .-gre~ted with are doing on ourselves can 011ly lead snickers and y11wns, Qf a. decent· but to disappointment. It is reminiscent: docile Vice Pr~sident. . Now they are of a situation that occurred 'with

, the ... moviri'g," shnple, ~foqµent .articu-. . frequency at New York race tracks latior:is of · concepts so noble as to when Eddie Arcai:o was in his prime.

. reduce brave ·=co!Um111sts to tears. · Arcaro would take the mount .on an · -1r does not matter, for now; who utterly mediocre horse, which would Ford is~r- ·what Ford does. He is the : promptly be ·bet ·down fo favoritism President, and simply by not having simply because the greai Arcaro was disgraced himself, or the office, he the rider. The horse, true to form,

· has become the recipient not only would fail to win. Bettors would then of the adulation and \'everence which storm the rail, shouting vile impreca­traditionally have been awarded to . ' tions because Arcaro, the buin, had the President; but als~ of that potent once again been beaten .on a favorite. extra measure which had· been re- In the enthusiasm with which we are pressed during the Nixqn r~ign. selling ourselves the Gerald Ford idcn-

Also, in f!aving driven. a President tikit, we also may be condemning him from office for the first time in our to a similar fate. history, we stuck our toe into, the murky Freudian pool called Murder of the: Primal Father: Now, shaken and

Joe McGinniss Is the author of "The Selling of the President, 1968."

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1971/-1

The President and his post-Watergate job

Washington The President had welcomed the

press-conference question on what he would do to prevent future Water­gates. A top Ford aide later said as much. The President, in detailing his post-Watergate position, said there would be an "open administration," that he alone would make the deci· sions and take responsibility for them, and that "there would be no illegal wiretaps" and "none of the other things that to a degree helped to precipitate the Watergate crisis." It was here that a reporter followed up with this question: "Do you plan to have a code of ethics for the exe·cutive branch?" And Mr. Ford set his jaw and answered firmly: "The code of ethics that will be followed will be the example I set.'' · A presidenti&J. assertion that there now will be national leadership by moral example was precisely what the nation was needing.to hear. It sets the proper tone right from the begin­ning of this post-Watergate period. It was an inspiring beginning. ·

But there still are steps the Presi· dent could take, in line with his own example, which would help to ensure that an ethical climate in Washington will now prevail.

• First, a Ford code of ethics.... would still be immensely helpful - IUI a continuing reminder to the Presi· dent's subordinates of how they should conduct their government ac­tivities.

By Godfrey SperUng Jr.

Some observers, in reviewing the scandals of the Truman years - the taking of gifts in return for favors -have said that, had a code of ethics been staring those government offi­cials in the face, they might not have committed 'these illegalities. Again, at least one .historian has written that had Sherman Adams had a code of ethics above his desk, he might have said "no" to that vicuna coat.

Thus, by citing, very specifically, the Ford "thou-shalt-nots,'' the Presi­dent would be making it abundantly clear to all in the executive branch precisely the kind of conduct he would frown on. Again, it would be a very useful reminder.

• Second, the President should give top priority to pushing through

. legislation that will rid this country of the always implicit bribe that is a part of giant-size campaign contributions.

Laws can be helpful. A tightening up of bribery laws in the wake of Teapot Dome did much to reduce the practice of dii'ect payments to public officials in return for· serv;ices ren­dered.

Now the President clearly is deter­; mined to seek laws to make presiden­tial campaigns cleaner. He would hesitate to accept public financing of such campaigns. But he definitely wants limitations set and effectively controlled. And as Mr. Ford studies the problems of Watergate he may very well come up . with additional requests for laws designed to bring a

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sweeter smell to the presidential political processes.

-· But his aides say that the President is reluctant to tell Congress that it should clean house, too. Thus, he may very well let Congress inform him what it has in mind in terms of campaign reform without really tell· ing the legislative branch what he thinks it should do to raise its stan- · dards. In other words, Mr. Ford is not expected to be much of a force in persuading Congress to raise its sights. , . · If this is true, it is a ·matter of regret. Traditionally legislatures at every level of government have been slow to police themselves. Legisla­tors, particularly those of the=opposite. party, have been quick to question the ethics of the executive. Many fiOver­nors have felt this kind of heat. But,

.· again, legislatures themselves have usually moved very reluctantly. to" ward setting higher standards and

. passing Jaws that will ensure com-pliance. ·

Thus, if eongress is to rid itself of its long-time, unethical campaign practices, it will take a prodding President to get this done. A fine Ford example in the White House is to be commended. But. it will take more ·than that to get Congress to do its part in . ushering in a truly new day in politics.

Mr. Sperling is chief of the Wash.ington bureau of The Chris­tian Science Monitor

Poor Jerry

By Larry L. King Poor Jerry Ford. No matter how much

he repeats that he finished in the top third of his classes at Michigan and Yale, something-or somebody-is always reminding us of his dumb-dumbness. Often the culprit is Poor Jerry himself. In the past fortnight his public performances have been so awkward one wonders whether he might not bollix up a two-float parade.

He chastised Congress tor taking its traditional Lincoln's Birthday recess when economic conditions beg attention and much work remains. Then he sprinted to the nearest helicopter and lifted off to purely politic in Texas, Kansas and New York.

Next, he warned that the economy had gone plumb to hell in a hand-basket: unemployment would get worse, our belts might require tightenings for the next several years, we must acclimate to a lower standard of living. A few days later, before an audience of Wall Street moneymen, he recanted in scolding doom merchants and gloom salesmen while urging an optimism better reserved for boom times. Poor Jerry either is using two speechwriters who fail to consult each other or a powerful lot of mood­modifiers.

Then there was that incredible waltz across Texas with John Connally, a citizen under federal indictment and awaiting trial. Granted that Connally is innocent unless and until proven guilty, how does it look for a President of the United States to closet himself for 45 minutes with a man soon to be prosecuted by the President's lawyers? Will those lawyers-or potential jurors-perform as if that meeting had not occurred? Will they not be excessively aware that Connally remains in good odor with the President and might that not taint the prospects of dispensing a pure, impartial justice? Have we not lately uncovered enough Washington hanky-panky to believe in our skeptic's hearts that at least one of the two politicians at that Houston meeting may have been as interested in saving John Connally's ass as in saving the nation's?

Even if Poor Jerry and Honest John talked only of grave and pressing eonomic matters-as the White House insists-was this

14 NEWTIMES

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not the same Mr. Connally who, as secretary of the treasury, had no small hand in the Nixon economic policies or the lack thereof? If Honest John was so damn smart, then why ain't we all rich? Is it riot like asking the man who threw you in the quicksand to please toss you a rope? Poor Jerry and his advisers had a tough time getting their stories straight, originally saying the meeting was somehow accidental-Connally just lurked around and then pounced when everbody else left­before later saying nope, Americans, it was deliberate on account of Honest John is so wise the Prez required his good co~nsel.

Will Poor Jerry run for reelection only if the economy is in good shape? That's what he seemed to say from his own mouth in

when Poor Jerry releases $2 billion in make­work funds, what is the money to be used for? Why, neighbors, of course: to build goddamn highways! O.E.D.

Poor Jerry's former friends assault him. Chuck Colson, that new "Babe in Christ," as he is known to intimates of his prayer circle, no quicker cleared the slammer than he quoted Dick Nixon as saying it would require Poor Jerry two years "just to get up speed." This made two back-to-back former presidents who, bipartisanly, had gone on record indicating less than total admiration · for Poor Jerry's capacities. A former vice­president. Hubert Humphrey, then blurted in a rare seizure of candor that as president "I don't want somebody who's honest and

;i:. stupid-I prefer somebody who's a little shifty ~ and smart." This probably gave heart to

public, though the next day the White Hous~ "clarified" Poor Jerry's remarks: he intends to run whether we are up to our hips in gold or breadlines. I do not know what salary the White House pays its official clarifier, though probably it Isn't half enough for a man working all those hours.

Even when Poor Jerry hauls off and takes action, he fails to come off well. He, the Congress, economists and all people with common sense-outside Texas and Detroit­agree that we must use less fuel in our automobiles: driving must be curbed either by high gasoline taxes or rationing; huge gas­guzzling machines must be discouraged by a special tax or unspecified threats. Okay: so

'5 Nelson Rockefeller, who meets at least half of 6

Mr. Humphrey's requirements. Rocky himself is causing·Poor Jerry

trouble even if indirectly. Conservatives of the type who breed in caves met in Washington last week to applaud the notion of a third political party in 1976 because they fear Poor Jerry will somehow permit Nelse the Terrible to outwit him and take charge. Though the Neanderthal Republicans met to overthrow Poor Jerry, they complained that he failed to call on their convention or at least send telegrams or flowers. Probably this was the smartest thing the President did not do since assuming office.

The unkindest cut came, however, when the good samaritan Colson also let it leak that Nixon feared Poor Jerry might be incapable of controlling Dr. Kizzinger. Some White House adviser apparently told Poor Jerry to get up early and go out into the cold, seeing the mad doctor off to the Mideast in terms that would make it perfectly clear who really is in charge. Poor Jerry got it all confused. He made a near-dawn speech at the airport comparing Kizzinger to the better saints, philosophers and statesmen of the ages. Ze gud doctor, who izn't very good at all zis modesty buzzinez, beamed and grinned and preened himself, coming dangerously close to strutting in place, while Poor Jerry shined everything but his shoes. It was enough to make even the flint-hearted feel sorry for Poor Jerry, tor Michigan and for Yale.

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Sunday,Ju{y 13, 19i5 __ ... -------- TH~ WASHINGTON POST

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Toseph /(raft ·

The Campaign Is On The announcement of Preside11 t

Ford's candidacy ·last week· was mo1:e than a routine formiility. For Mr. Ford in an interview with this columnist and in mariy ether ways, has indicated that he is deep into details of the elec­tion effort.

For practical purposes the 1976 cam­paign is on. Already electoral ccnsider­apons are decisively shaping the main 'Unes of policy toward the Mideast, the Communist world, the price of oil and domestic economic policy. · · . · -The starting point is the President's ~~·eling that on personal grounds he is fa'l' ah·ead of any possible competitor. _His chief purpose in foreign policy ac­c.ar.gingly, is to hold off trouble while -~ing up such gains as are ·readily available. _That means a big immediate emphasis on' arranging an interim set· trement between Israel and Egypt. . '·:until about a month ago Mr. Ford \vas. seriously considering the alterm1-tive of an American plan for a general settlement in the Mideast. But his ttleeting with Egyptian President An-

. ~w.~r Sadat ~nd Israeli Pime Minister \ Ylt~hak Rahm convinced him that an in, : terim settlement could be made to last :·for. three years. ·· .,... - . .. :·: : Secretary of State Kissinger,-'on his clatest European visit, explored with

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"Already electoral con~'ZJ ~'\ic.,~·

decisively shaping the ~e:( l\~r. Rabi~ the exact details of what diplomatic and military support Israel would want from the United States as par~ of a _deal wh~reby she abandoned-­territory m the ~inai desert in return f?r a three-year respite on the Egyp­tian front. At this writing an agree-1?ent between Israel and Egypt seems likely. That would minimize the Mid­east as a trouble spot until well after the election.

With that banana peel out of the way, Mr .. Ford would be well placed to moye easily down two other avenues of policy. The avenue of detente with Russia is one. ·

T_he grea~ foreign policy obstacle to easmg tensions with- Moscow has al­ways been the fear that the Soviets would use the more relaxed climate to steal a march on the United States and the Arab world. But those chances ~ould be severely limited by an inte­rim agreement between Israel and Egypt.

Mr. Fo:~ can thus go forward ~ith

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impunity to tie up with Leonid Brezh­nev, during the Soviet leader's visit here this fall, the SALT I negotiations putting a cap on development of offen­sive strategic weapons.

The second opportunity unblocked by an Israeli-Egyptian agreement in­volved oil prices. Mr. Ford ·has been telling visitors that no progress in the Mideast would risk war and a new Arab oil embargo against the United States. The other side of the coin is that a move toward peace in. the Mid­east would put the President in good position to ask the oil producers for a break on prices. ·

In Paris last week Dr. Kissinger took a further step toward a Teconvening of the conference of oil-producing and oil-eonsuming countries, which ended in failure last spring. :Presumably a fixed date for resumption of the con­ference will be reached before late September when the cartel of oil-pro­ducing countries, known as OPEC" holds its next meeting.

With the producer-consumer tar due to resume, the United States w be in strong position to ask the OPl countries to hold off on the price i crease they have been threatening. " ready there is talk out of Saudi A: bia, the leading oil-producer, that t: ·producers will deeree a $2-per-bar' price :rise at the next OPEC mceti: but delay its application. That wou probably hold oil prices relatively co stant until after the election.

With oil prices level, the main clo ''hanging over the domestic econo1 would be lifted. Recovery from the · cession could go forward-slowly p haps but without stalling. Joblessnc will be on the way down, thus taki the sting out of. the unemployment sue, and Mr. Ford's tight budgetc policies will cast their spell for t great majority of Americans who ; more worried about inflation.

To be sure there is no guarant that events will follow that cour Matters can go wrong-seriou:

· wrong-in many places. But Presidt Ford, at least, is on a track that lec. clearly to electoral success. That in self puts him far ahead of any possil Democratic dval.

Following is a rundown on . Robert R. Douglass-Be-the other members of the cause of his close associa-

tion with Vice President presidential advisory com- Rockefeller, Douglass is ·~ mittee, as they are currently even less likely than Scran- · l'.egarded: · ton to play a major role in a

Laird-Despite his re· · national pre-convention peated disclaimers that he campaign as long as a chal­

lenge is anticipated from can or will take a full-time the Republican right. But he role, some Republicans· see could wind up with signifi-

'_the former Wisconsin con: cant responsiblitly in his gressman emerging as the home state, New York. The

presence of Douglass, Rock--· caJD.Paign chairman beca.use efeller's liaison to Congress,

of his wide range of associa~ · on the committee tends to · · tions and his friendship · disco~rage any incipient .·)rif:h the President. A more -. likely role, if Laird persists r talk of dumpfhg :Rockefeller ' ' c·m his current stanc"e, is that . •' ' h Jte.Will be assigned a major j from the No. 2 spot on t e

"~te~i:ionslblility in helping ! '.ticket. ::·se8l'Ch f-Or Ford delegates. •· Leon Parma-An execu­i:/.ilyce N. Harlow-A for· tive of the Teledyne Corp., ,'.mer.. adviser to Presidents- in San Diego and a long· .;

· ~..;EiJl¢nhower and Nixon, he is ·time golfing friend of the :.!\va&hington representative !Pi-esident, Parma, longtime :~10r- the firm of Procter & · <(;amble. Harlow is highly activist.in Southern Califor· I

. valued by Mr. Ford and oth~ 'iJ.ia GOP affairs, could play j .er8'-an the committee for ;his an important role in Califor· [

: ·eounsel; he has never m·a th n s uthe n state 1.·' ·'played a campaign manage.· 1 • e on- 0 r. · ::\ment role, however, and he :where }!eagan's prospective ;:~ J).ot this time. · challenge looms the strong-·~:tRieharcl L. · Herman....:.A est. · :~former GOP national coin- Beyond this committee, anttteeman from Nebraska · ther.e are several Republi· -'.~lio _owns his own trucking . can members of Congress ·

. ;, firm in Omaha, Herman has ~ and White House officiais ~-the Vfidest range of politic~! who are expected to have ;: ;_.eJQ>enence-next to Burch- . advisory positions. · ·on:: the advisory group. He. .Perhaps foremost among~- · ·

,,·could play a major cam- . these is Sen. Robert P. Grif· . paign role, possibly on a re- ." · fin of Michigan, the Senate -:gtowit basis. '_; , GOP whip and intimate of ',' :·wiwam w. Scranton- the President. Griffin is. The· former Pen,nsylvania . 'widely respected as a poli· g()vei'nor is valued, like Har~ cal strategist on the basis of

- loW, for his counsel and for his successful campaigns. his · participation in the. .. .. Two other congressmen

· White" House transition-' ' have been asked by Mr .. · team. But Scranton has no· · Ford to meet with the advi· ·· nattoilaJ. campaign experft'.: sory committee-Senate Mi· . enee other than his abor::) nority Leader Hugh Scott of Uve campaign against Gold- · Pennsylvania and House Mi, water in 1964, a memory nority Leader John J. Rho- _

. that rankles with some . 'des of Arizona. Because of

. 'party. iconservatives. Scran· : ~~eir congressional responsi· ton's · ~presence would en. µ~ 'ff>illties, neither is expected

. ~age rather than discour- • "to:·'play a major campaign ··, :.: age -a R.eagan challenge role. __ , ... !, . hence, his .public role at this

time· is not likely to be a ma· -jor:~ne. __ ._ _ ______ __

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. Within the White House, the most important coordi­nating role probably will be played by chief of staff Don­ald H. Rumsfeld, assisted by his deputy, Richard Cheney.

· Robert T .. Hartmann, the President's long-time aide and now a political eounse­lor,-and his deputy, John T. Calkins, also will be in~ valved.

iHartmann· and Calkins · have prepared and submit· ted to the advisory 'group a

' recommended campaign plan. However, the final · i plan is expected to be a meld of recommendations from different sources.

A number of Republican strategists associated with past GOP campaigns have turned up as possiblities for jobs on this committee.

included in the specula­tion for top jobs are Jack Mills, former director of the House congressional cam­paign committee,and now a lobbyist with the Tobacco Institute, Inc., and J.ohn Sears, a Washington attor­ney who was once a Nixon associate and is now consid.2 ered close to the Reagan_ camp.

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; ~Jil,tarid ~vans rthd Robert Novak \. ., . . . . . ' . . ' . .

The'76 Ford Campaign

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'•I .. '~~ THE WASHINGTON POST M~nday,JuneZ,I9l5) ---------=------ ---------------·---.........

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.· Gerald R. Ford is now focuaing hard ~. . . . · · . . . · · on his 1976 presidential campaign and . "The. President considers Kennedy formidable is known to feel that Sen; Edward M.

contests-including some southern pr{ · mari!'!s-if Reagan does run. He re- ·.· i gardsthose southern contests as a risk, ... ·. but he is organizing his campaign in such states and was cheered by the re­ception he received in one southern primary state, North Carolina, on a trip there May 20.

Kennedy is his most probable-and · •,_; d b bl h d•d strongest-Democratic opponent. He . oppOSJ,,,,,On an pro a Y. t e Strongest Can l ate also believes Nelson Rockefeller might be denied the vice presidenua1 9omi-. the Democrats could find." nation by the Republican national con-vention. '

Those views, privately, expressed ·by the President before h.is European trip, closely parallel public comments to newsmen on May 13 by his longtime friend and political adviser, Melvin R. Laird.

But whlle Laird's remarks were in­terpreted as typical Lairdian ploys to saddle the Democrats with Kennedy's problems and deflect conservative Re- · publican opposition away from Ford and toward. Rockefeller, the. President himself is no political gamesman. His unadorned view is that Kennedy would probably. be his strongest opponent andi that, realistically, Republican dele­gates must be ·given final say on Rock­efener for Vice President.

Mr. Ford is known to believe that · Kennedy would have no trouble' being aominated for President if he is will­ing' and that nobody' but IS:ennedy · knows whether he will be:' But the

· ;< President feels the odds are that he will do it. .. While some White House aides re­(.~~d Ke~nedy as' ~.ighly ~ulnerable, the President considers him formid-

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able opposition ·and probably the strongest candidate the Democrats could find. Mr. Ford has trouble pre-

. cisely assessing the impact of Chappa· ' quiddick, regarding it as an issue that

should· not be talked a·bout by the Re­publicans but that speaks for itself­with the verdict of the voters un· known. · •

As for the Republican ticket, Mr. · Ford in private does riot qualify his support for Rockefeller as Vice Presi­dent. He feels Rockefeller was the most qualified man to be Vice Presi­dent, has performed extremely well in· the post and would not be a political liability on the ticket. .

Nevertheless, the President carefully avoids a flat forecast that Rockefeller will be his running mate in 1976. Mr. Ford is saying that, to be realistic, the

. delegates to the national convention in 1976 are going to make the final deci­sion-though, of course, that never has been the case in the Republican Party.

In contrast to Laird's suggestions that a conservative challenge against

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Overall,· the President understands he has continuing problems with some

. Roc~efeller •by Ronald. Reagan might conservative elements in the Republl· clear the air, however, there is no hint can Party, North and South but feels . Mr. Ford is trying to deflect conserva- ' he is in ~oOd shape with wh~t .he calls '. tlve opposition away from himself and moderate··conservatlves. As to specific toward his Vice President. The Pies!~ . grumbllng by many conservatives that

· dent did not discuss the matter with . he should have vetoed the tax cut blll Laird before his May 13 remarks Mr. Ford believes that his politicai though ·!t did come up briefly in a sub1' problems would have been much worse sequent conversatl'?n between them. had he not s.igned It.

. The President. does not know Mr. Ford s'tUi does not· have a· per- · whether Reagan w111 in the end actu- ·. ' manent pre-convention campaign man- . ally challenge him for President. He ., ager. He selected Dean "Burch, former : feels that a Ford state-by-state .cam- Goldwater and Nixon political oper~~i.f' i paign organi;i;ation ·and strong fund-. tive, to run his campaign operation b.,;;~' J raising, coupled with favorable inter- · cause o. f. his immediate need for sol· ':( ·1·

riatlonal and domestic developments, body knowledgeable, loyal 11nd rea /( · will make !l challenge for the tiomina· . to operate. But because Burch does n i;'~ . tlon seem less attractive for Reagan want to leave his Washington law firm/fr i

·, when his decision has to be made. the President perceives him as a· ten);;'.~~ !ij The deadline for• Reagan's decislon1 ' porary manager who wlll be replaceif'.:.. J

the President feels, may come in early before the convention. · , ·. ··; autumn. By then, Mr. ·Ford •believes Campaign manager or not, there i~:·:;, ·• Reagan will have to start collecting not t~e slightest d9ubt that Gerald. " delegates-a process the President in- Ford is eager to run his first national :1

tends to have started for himself this campaign-a campaign he now seems summer. . to feel is more certain to be run

."J\llr. Ford is known to believe he can- against Kennedy than with Hockefel-not stay out of presidential primary ler.

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'·~ WASHINGTON POST Friday, Jiin~ 6>fij75··· I .

t{<,>nly 16 GOP SenatorS Sign Note Backing Ford

By Lou Cannon ·washin11ton Post Staff Writer.

Only 16 of 38 Republican last Monday called for "an senators have agreed to sign open convention" for both the a resolutio~ supporting l\ir. presidential ·and vi~e pres­Ford for nomination and elec· idential nominations in 1976.

tion. A number of senators said The document, circulated by I privately that this counter­

Senate Minority Leader Hugh move failed badly and only Scott- of Pennsylvania and SP.n. wound up giving credence to Ted Stevens of Alaska, en-J the conservatJves and the pro­countered unexpected resist- spective candidacy of former ance from their Republican I California Gov. Ronald Re-colleagues, a number of whom I agan. . criticized the timing of t.he However, Senate . Minority action. Whip Robert P. Griffin, who . Typical of the objections was helped Scott and Stevens cir·

the one offered by Sen. Bill cul ate the Ford letter at a GOP Brock (R-Tenn.) who· called I policy luncheon Tuesday, said the move "way premature." that "those who support Ford

"The time to do this would ought to. get out and get go­be early next year when we. ing, and this is· kind of the have a clear idea of what's· beginning of that." going to happen," Brock said. Among the non-signers were I "I'm .no prophet." . Sens. Howard H. Baker Jr. of

The document was intended Tennessee and Charles H. as an· answer to the statement I Percy of .Illinois, who were by a group of 20 conservatives, not ap_proached on grou.n~!? including three senators, who I See FORD, AS, Col. 1

FORD, Frnm Al

that· they were potential presi-dential candidates. ·

The Senate's most promi­nent conservative, Barry M. Goldwater of Arizona, also re­fused to sign although he said he supported the Presi­dent.

"I don't llhink now is the time to do anything formal," : Goldwater said. "But Ford · knows ·where I stand." .

Sen. Bob Dole· of Kansas, the former GOP national chairman and another non­signer, j'Oked that "all those who refuse to sign are candi­dates." ,

Dole also reflected the view · I expressed by some. senators. one reason or another .. and I that the 'V:h~te !1~u.se o~ght I five others were presumed op- j to be orgamzmg. if it ~ senous I posed. Seven more senators i :~~her than trymg simply to! remain to be approached, in· I

line up the names of sena-1 eluding Brock and Packwood! tors.'.' \ who have said they do not iii- 1

. Sen. Bob Packwood of tend to sign. · I Oregon r~flected another pre-1 White House political stra· i valent view that .senators tegists said they had no prior ! shouldn't be endorsing presi- knowledcre of the Scott-Ste·: dential candidates in advan- vens eff~rt in the President's i

· ee. Packwood said he had not behalf. ..· . · j: been_approached:J>Ut probably In a related effort yester-i wouldn't sign. · day, two Republican House i

I'm bound 'by Oregon law· members, Peter A. Peyser ofl to support the winner of our New York and Gilbert Gude! primary, if I'm ·a delegate, of Maryland, drafted a letter [ which; I hope to be. It's not calling on the GOP congres- \ been customary to endorse sional leadership tO respond to( anyone ·before the primary" the "open convention" chal-i

The strategy of those circu- lenge of the conservatives. f lating the Ford 'letter was to "This is an aUempt by al' approach favorable . senators minnow to swallow a whale," j;·.

first. They excluded : Percy, the letter said. : Baker, the three conservatives In another development : pledged to an operi convention Cali. fo. rnia Attorney General.\':. and senators who seemed un- Ev~lle J. Younger met in: likely to sign. Washington· with California:

even so, there were a lot of reporters and said it .. would I turndowns. The result was so not be in the interest of the.. disappointing that Scott de- GOP for Reagan to enter the · clined to release the list or to primaries against Mr. Ford.

·. say if it would be 'made public. But Younger, a Ford sup· ·Though senators uniformly re· porter who had dinner Wed· ferred to the document ·as a nesday with· White House ad­'iletter," Scott's administrative viser Robert T. Hartman·n, assistant, Ken · Davis, called also said that Vice Presi· the document. "a poll" and dent Rockefeller "might not said he did not: know how it be too interested in running would he used.. for election" in 1976. He said

'fen senators who were ap- that a Ford-Reagan ticket.was prol\ched declined to sign for "a good possiblity." · ·

.,_~.I ,_·. -.. ·; ..... •'

~?~=~·~~1:age Al~;' -.o, ·.~:-,-~-~;~1i,=6:;;m~~;~_~\:f.~;~ _______ -~-~---__ --:- __.___

1 . 1 · PR~SII~EN~,-FromA~j ~!:fc!~sp~~s~~:ll~~:n~~ J

'.c11}'1_~ -1!" -- -' - : publicans. One admifiistratirin his economic program next I i official said yesterday that Monday and Tuesday with a ' -;_

Ford to Run ~there will be "explorative can- trip to Houston and Topeka. \ didates coming out of. the He will confer with eight to 10 woodwork" if Republicans be- governors at each stop and come e<>nvinced that Mr. Ford possibly hold a press confer­is stepping down at the end of ence in Topeka, Nessen said. •· Regardless

Of Economy bis inherited term. .· . . · . ·Despite White House insist- .

· ence that Mr. Ford's political · By Lou Cannon plans are not tied to the .do-

washin1non Post staff Writer . • mestic economy, it was the ·The White House reacted eeonomy which again preoccu-

strongly yesterday to sugges- .... pied the President and many . of his top aides yesterday. tions that President Ford. -Even •before the House

i might Step down next year jf: . VOted tO SUSpend for 90 days I

the nation's troubled economy the President's program of fails to improve. ·· ·': raising oil import fees by $3 a

White House press secretary-. - -. __ barrel, the White House had Ron Nessen said that Mr. Ford ·- conceded defeat and was

",' ·· will' run for a full term in 1976 ·· .:working to sustain a prospec-. : no matter what happens to the . _ tive presidential veto. · How-:• economy. . i ~'-.c ever, the 300-t0-114 margin I

Somehow. Nessen said, peo-·1 · _, was 27 more votes than would · - pll'! had been given the idea , ' be needed to override. . \_., _ ' ·:."that if th!! economy is goo~: · "c•c'Though Nessen professed

· he will run, but if the econ-, i!iat Mr. Ford was "en- i ·. - orny is bad he won't run. That: .c.ouraged" by the vote, it·~ ~:t.~

-• . isn't.true." clearly a setback fur the PreS' ;-;,-.:·~?! c· Nessen's statement was an ident's personal lobbying .et- ·'~}; effort by the Whfte House to . forts. Mr. Ford had met with ·;~;._.~ move away from an implica- .100 Republican members · of : ::/} tion left by the President him- Congr~ss on · Tuesdal'. night · _7,:{_~

· self· Tuesday at an. Atlan~ and with 100 Democratic mem- ~ ~t:~: . ,,_. . press conference- ·when he · bers yesterday morning in an :~,/~~

'..combined an optimistic fore· attempt to build support for :,,:··:f';~ his program. . - :>: .\ ; ~,~:::~

cast on the economy with a re-\ --- · · --· · d d cl · · · ,: Nessen said that. the Presi- ; ··::;;~ newe e aration of bis can- ·-- dent "thinks he has come a ; '-4"~; -dida«;y. · • ·-::~:·;~ long way by the size of the ::· .. ~<iftj

~I •believe that the ee<>nomic ·" vote and will continue Ji!s ; ,:~';;'I'd situation in 1976 will be an im· .. - talks with members of con· l '.'i:i~!: proving economic picture," · ·: .gress." .- ._ - · - <~·;,- .• :.-.:-;:;;,-~ Mr. Ford said. " •.. So with '··The President's chief hope 1 :;;~·:~!

- >the optimism that I think will now is the Senate, where SUP' :;:~;.~;] '.>: come from more employment, · porters of his program may .I.;,'~ · '' less unemployment and a bet· use the filibuster to block the ,;;'.f;~)

·· ; ter battle against irulatio'n, I -.. pemocrat:sponsored . legis~0 .,:.;;~~ ... think the· economic circum· ·: ti.on. -~.:- l,~_,.,_. ~.~:;;..i.~l

stances will be good enough to White House spokesmen ._.:...>;;;;.~ justify at least my seeking re- >:continued to insist yesterday ~.Kil~~ election." __ ,.,. t}lat the economy is going to. :0f'L~

The question that provoked ':'. : improve aft~r hard times e~~(~:'.i.-1~ this answer was based upon a _ :this year. · - -· · · · · - "!""·'.<.-1.~1 statement by Sen. Howard H~ - ' L. William Seidman, the,:~~;1 Baker Jr. (R·Tenn.) that Mr. ,:. President's economic coordina-1! Ford might not run next year. · ' tor; told a luncheon meeting ii Baker said he ,was exploring a i ·,,.·of the Mid-Atlantic Club that~ possible presidential cancii-i • '' -- the nation's gross national i dacy of his own. . j . .,_. Ji~oduct in the first quarter l

The White House. does not) "will probably· decline 8 or 9 want to encourage aDY more I per cent.ul" But he said tha~the such statements •by other Re- _ ,GNP wo d he increasing · Y.5 ·per· cent in the final quarter

See PRESIDENT, Al6, Col. '7 . - :of the year. · .: .. , Seidman also said that the

inflation rate, now running around 12 per cent, would drop fo about -7 per cent · by the same time. .

Nessen also predicted rising i employment, less inflation and a higher gross national /prrid­uct at his daily White House briefing. And he. maintained th:it. "onficl1mc~ in the oresi-

I 1-·· .

A 12 Thursday, May 22. 19i5 THE W ~SHIN~ TO~ POST\[

;t..fanel Urges Ford ~oSet Up Formal, ~ampaign {;roup I ·:-om"C": ~ ,'.~ _ By Lou ;.~~i~~t~naP~t ~~r~~~t~lpatric_\_,~~ _ _ _ j~\T'),: _ :;;it;resident Ford has beene--~ording tci ~efi~furs.'pr _ ·- Another presidential adviser U!-,;~ed by his politica1advisory _ ~t .the meeting;·'.:1tcfr;~·F~, predict:d that the announce­ID=o_up not to take a conserva- · diet"' not make a -formal an- ment will be made soon aft:r t_ive challenge within the Re- nou~cement of his candidacy. the President returns from his p~Jllican Party _-for . granted 'J3pt Sen. Robert P. Griffi? European trip early in June. 1 a_~ to move swiftly 10 estab- of'· Michigan, the Senate m1- Reagan, meanwhile. has not 1

l~s~~ng _a formal campaign or- norilY'whip, said that "if the~e yet indicated whether he will l g_a,iµzat10n. was--· any doubt in anyones be a.presidential candidate. ! ..:~.,,he -consensus of all the mUlcl before the _meeting He was quoted yesterday in\: ad ___ 1;:isers was th~t no_w is _the ~~~er President Ford was an interview with Leo Rennert time to move, said Deai:i 1'.unamg, there was none when of McClatchy Newspapers as Burch. Wh? head~ an unoffl- ~~lf!t.'.' . - . . . saying he will run only if he I era~ camp;:11gn advisor~ group ,,{ir1ffm said the -prevailing finds in the next six months i d~!;!_gnated by the Pres1de~t. ,If~ expressed b~ senators at'. "a lack of deep support for the· .,.Burch, a f?rmer R~pubhcan tending the meetmg was that President and an indication ~tjonal chairman w~th cl?se t.fi"Jr_J!conomY and the perform'. I that . people want wider ti~ _to the conservative wing ""~.of Co_ngress would be I· choices." oCl\is party, said he told Mr.: 1Ce;'.1ssues m the 1976 cam-

1. .d h f d: Ford of the group's views in a i P!'-'1;gJ1· . Reagan al.so sa1 e avore

rtiE!&_ ting Tuesday at the '"_'hite 1 ;";;~iJ.other is_ sue that was dis- 'I a_ n open natl_ onal GO~ conven­House. I .ctlsged was the possibility of al tion _ne~t year but did not ex· :;~o.n the basis of soundings conservative challenge to l'ifr. t p~ctith1sto happen. '. ! ~~r}~r:~~nf h:~~~~i:gn B~er~t I -~~-~~!~i:~f:l~;:'ifut:;~~, __ , " - ------------ -- - -

said. he is convinced that Mr.· , S h t' · · t · :"-< ri'O'rd "can get the nomination ~en. cott, 3.?0 t er par 1 c;i~an _ ·_;\_-~ -a' -· . le r on " . -.- .in the meetmg, Sen. ~1l1Iam -:.~ J

ai:i,7

. wm re e c 1 · Brock of Tennessee, said: ' "'~~e are not unaware of th~- _ ,.1 don't expect the. Presi­

CQ!lc,erns of some conserv;l- de ··t to be seriously chal~ tives and we do not treat them r n · b h · l.·-i;·.tl " B h sa·d "Those!lenged. However, _if y t at! ig!~ Y, urc 1 ·. : ~-time he is not bemg well-re- I are' concerns we will deal - " d b the voters he would · wiffi. But by no means am I ceive Y ci,, ' . the"' least bit discouraged by: be challenge : - . · i mVprobings in this area." • Former California Go_b. Ron-1 · :;:PJ!rhaps reflecting the con- aid Reagan h3:s emerged as a i cerns of his advisers, Mr. Ford strong second i_n polls ?f G?P i ~erday told Republican sen- voters on tqe1r pres1dent1al : ators that he will conduct a preferences. • · I v,(g(irous campaign for a full It is largely to head off thisj term as President. : prospective Reagan challenge I ',:S,'enate Minority Leader that the advisory group _1

HU"h Scott of Pennsylvania: headed by Burch - to which 11

e~ged from a meeting the; Sen. Scott and House Minority i ~ident held with 10 R~pub·: Leader John W. Rhodes of Ar-1\'

· ucan senators and predicted! izona were added yesterday -ttiat' Mr. Ford would be 11 had recommended the prompt etected in 1976. /-formation of a Ford campaign I ·$cott said he did not expect' committee. The proposal calls · 'Mr."'Ford to have any substan- for the opening of a Washing- : uV:i challenge within his own ! ton office, appointment of a fi- · party and that "with a few ex-1 nance director 'and a staff di- \ ceptions the present Demo- , rector and the naming of per- _ cr.t~c ca.nd~?ates are a parade /' sons to head a delegate search of-pygmies. operation. -:J~ mentioned Sei:i. Hubert! "It's up to. the President to -

R :_'!lump~rey O?·Mm~.), the; say when he's going to do, , 0,e~ocratic ~ommee. m 1,~68• · this" Burch said. "But· I think. :·­as· an exception, add1~g: . He, , . , ' · · fuut ·1 _ 1' \ is:\iery able and consc1enuou_s1 1

1t 8 .~omg to be sooner t_ ·-·~'- ~- -I. ,

b1;1Uhey probably won't noi:n1-, -\.~!!",;,;~, _ .>·:- :\ _ nate him.n ' :·"··,·.~"' ·- ··: .. ~;~;; .... c ... ',.

.. ,,._ ... ·· .. ;-

'

~FR ' --~~:~=:~!~~:~~:: ~d °:1h~-,~;~: ·_·· '1

~~i "~ I ---,-,---__________ ..;;.;;,...:...;;··.;..;--;;..,· ·---"'-'"'""----·· · · knows,: in. times of uncertainty abroad ,....... ·. . ·arid at home, what value the voters

':·· c;;;;» '····c Ford's N .. · -0

1 / . might place on simple familiarity? Be:

sides, every poll shows that Mr. Ford

The One

· is generally regarded as a "nice guy" J:::IO,t 7 J..".-: · and "decent," whatever else might be JI _,/ . ·.:J ;,,-:_ thought of him. That is not only a;

valuable political image in itself; but l someone from his own party who turned on a "nice guy" President and snatched the nomination away from

By Tom Wicker .

·If :President Ford Is bluffing about his determmation to run for election.

i. in his own right next. year, he is do­: ing a persuasive job of it. Th~ seven4

man committee that met to begm plan· ning his campaign this week was one that any Republican candidate would wish to have in his comer-experi­enced able, spanning the traditional Gold~ater-Rockefeller split, a guard neither old nor avant.

The appointment of such a commit­tee, of course, does not commit Mr. Femi to running, any more than did his latest news-conference protesta­tion that there should be "no skepti-

.. cism" about his intention to run. And it still is true that he needs to keep proclaiming himself a candidate in or­der to maintain some political author­ity as President and party leader.

Nevertheless, taking a first actual step toward a campaign is bound to make Mr. Ford somewhat more believ­able in his declared intent. And Dean Burch, the spokesman for the For_d planning group, had both history a~d good sense on his side when he said

IN THE NATION

after the first meeting, "I'm inclined to think President Ford is the only le>gical candidate for the Republican nomination." . . .

Or, as Mr. Ford himself put it at his news conference: •'I believe that I have the best opportunity to solidify the Republican party, getting strength

' from both the right as well as the ~eft. ..

That centrist position is not the only asset Mr. Ford brings to the Republi-

. cans. Above everything else, he is an incumbent, even if· . unelected, and while that means he has to take the responsibility for his years ·in office, no one should underestimate the pow­er of a sitting President to influence the course of events in his own favor, or the extent to which his office still is venerated by most Americans.

To choose another nominee, if Mr. Ford indeed seeks re-election, would require of the Republicans that they themselves repudiate one Republican President after the forced resignation · of another. That is not the best stance

· from which a party can seek ·to be returned to political power.

Republicans also would have to tum down a well-known public figure and

1 him might find himself looked . upon r: es a power~hungry "bad guy" who \j evoked vibrations of Richard Nixon · ,fl et al. .· . .. . .. . I Politically, moreover, Mr. Ford may i have bottomed out, as the economists \ call it. The Nixon pardon and the

· t collapse of vietnam are behind him, I and the· White House . seers believe I botlh inflation and unemployment will l look better next year than they do

I.· now. Mr. Ford is the oruy Republican . who ~an cla.im any. cred

19i7t6if the econ-

omy is moving up m . ! · If .he doesn't rim, the Republicans, i, I tOO, will get 8 multi-candidate SCramble £ through the primaries that will put

I their hopefuls on tJhe same undignified • level that most Democratic aspirants · already occupy. It, would be no small : advantage to the. Republicans next E year to have their candidate quietly i; governing the country while a wolf-~/ pack of Democrats races about, howl-11. ing and scratching in search of office.

Even if Mr. Ford does run, of course,. there may well be a Republican pri­

l mary fight. The fact that no Southern :1. Republican figures are in the Ford

planning ·committee no doubt reflects the Southern strength of Ronald Reagan, Vfho clearly will· run. if Mr. Ford doesn't, and who may run in any case. Senator Howard Baker of Ten• ne5see says he • may run, too, even if it has to be against Mr. Ford. Senator Charles ·Percy of Illinois has not ruled out a race, John Connally is.lean.and •hungry, and if Mr. Ford stepped aside Vice President Rockefeller probably: would plunge in.

But Mr. Rockefeller could hardly run against the man who appointed him Vice President, so another ·virtue of a Ford candidacy would be te> head off ·a bitter Rockefeller-Reagan clash that could raise again the old pre­Nixon Republican divisions. That clash would be more symbolic than . rea~ since Mr. Rockefeller has moved sharp­ly away from tJhe · "Eastern liberal" position; but to Republican conserva­tives, the image lingers ..

The primaries pose · the greatest danger for Mr. Ford. He could lose to Mr. Reagan in .. some states where Reagan strength mighfbe greater than in . the nation· a.5 a, whole. · Vote!'S, .. moreover, have been kno_wn to rebuke a President in .a state primary-for. say, high prices-while fully intending · to vote for !him in the general election. ·

Most Presidents can rise above si,ch momentary setbacks within their own party. But Mr. Ford, the instant Presi-

' :·:·dent, has never been tested in a na­'tlorial election. One or two losses· in state primaries might be enough ta raise fatal.. questions in Republican minds abo' his vote-getting ability.

. i i

•

I I /

---?{. ~/. i, . / ,••

(,' {_,·

Ford Road TeSts · 'E'resh Start' Slol(ani By Lou Cannon

Washington Post Staff Writer

CLEVELAND, July 3 :.._ President Ford practiced political slogans for his 1976 campaign today · iii a series of speeches in Ohio devoted to the economy, the environ­ment and traditional Repub­lican philosophy.

This last line is one that on occasion has •been used by former Gov. Ronald Rea­gan, of California, who. some GOP conservatives see as a:

. potential rival to Mr. Ford: for the Republican presidem.: tial nomination. The Prest;1'1

dent also used ·another.: theme frequently favored b~·1 Reagan when he declared: ... ,; . "My aim is to declare· Amer I ca '·s independence. from inflation spawned by

Tuning up fori his formal declaration of candidacy, which White House officials ... .....,,, ., ,-~,·;.·i·n said now is scheduled to oc- decades of government ove~-cur next Tuesday, the Presi- spending." .. · ·. dent described federal spend- Mr. Ford's th.em~ ·of ,;not ing as a "tired and ineffec- · tlve" solution te:.the nation's a New Deal but a. fresh

bl · ( · · · · ,, " stru:t" was described by (lne pro ems. · · ;/Whit.e House. offici'"' .as· a·· ''What we need In this · · .u

,·;.:Possible , campaign sfogan ; .. for ?ext year; if i( iS well

country is not a New Deal 1 : received in his. present bu. t a fresh start," Mr. Ford 1 · round of low,key · political ·

speeches. ' . ' ' , : said in remarks preparect for ·. w· h't H . · " : , I e OUSe press secre­

an audience of 1,300 Ohio tary, Ron Nessen said that · Republicans. "What we need . tod~y·s travel was paid for i is not more federal control enti.rely by . the . Republican but the adventure of federal . !'f ational Committee, includ­achievement and the rebirth mg costs of the .!'resident's of the self-confident pio- 1 speeches earlier i~ the day neering that made America : before non-partisan audiences the great nation it is today.'1 ~ in Cihcimiati. ·

Most of the President's ;1~ 'The Ohfo GOP fund-raising short speech emphasized his l'Jndependence Festival Sup· oft-declared view that the X)e:r" where the President United States must turn 1poke in Cleveland was ex­away from government solu- p~cted to raise $450,000 to aid tions and rely on private en- · :Jtepublican candidates. Three terprise. h

"l see a national govern~ ·• tindred of those attending ment that responds .... to peo, paid $1,000 apiece for the sup-1 per and the privilege of meet-

P e's needs but does iiot or •.. fog the President beforehand at a reception. The other 1 000

der people's lives," Mr. Ford llepublicans paid $150 apieee said. "Don't forget that a ~rtheir ticketS; ~,, government big enough to ' .. :'.trhe' .. White 'House wils ~ive us everything we want '6uoyed .on arrival in. Cipicri-

.· IS a government big enough :tj~tLi1by' 1-esults . of :a; "1fopy. ' to take away everything we ·~ghted Ohio poll'published in

have." tcldav•s Cincinnati Post, which

~~oW,ed. Mr. Ford defeat~ng prospective Democratic presi­dential . contenders by wide margins. The president held a

~. to-32. per cerit lead over ~ .Hubert.: H; HUil\P~ tlj.n),' a'" ·3-fo-26 li!ad +otifr n:· Henry M. Jackson (WaS~,) d a 51-to-28 lead over Al'a-.

~. ·· ~Gov. George C. Wal.l~d:.l .. . here was no trial heat with

h. ' Edward M. Kennedy· . ass.), who has said he is nOt

candidate. ' · • .,., ' ' '·, ' ' ,., t But: the. crow4s ·~~6li6pars~,

. ' . - - . . . ~ .

' . and the response prior for t~~ President in Cincinnati. · · • ~ ~e was applauded onlj

twice during an o~tdoor cere~ moll:y dedicating the National Envrronmental Research Cen­ter where Mr. Ford spoke of the "great cities (Which) have' already ~b~nefited--from t!Je

, •. I~ ' :':- ~·~. ·, ··1. . ' • '

! life:giv.ing improvement in t~~ purity of their air." ·

As Mr. Ford spoke the silent :r!>~d below him was suffer. mg in 90-degree heat and th ~~venth cons~cutive day of a: ~1r temperatu~e inversion that .. as le? Cincinnati to declare a poµ~~ion ~~rt~ .A netw:qrk. tel-;

evision cameram_an collapsed I from the heat dunng the;Pres- , i<fent's speech. . . 1 ' One of the· two rounds of ap- ! ·plause came when Mr. Ford· declared that salmon have re- • appeared in the Connecticut and !f udson Rivers, adding that .. ' they cough a lot, but' they have reappeared."

There was no crowd re­sponse when the Presid~nt made what was intended as. the central point of his speech, that it was ti111e for a "detente with nature.'" ' ... "We have too long treated the natural world as an adver..\ sary rather than as ~ life·SUS; taiQing gift from tqe Al: n:Ughty," Mr. Fordsaid. :' Later ih the day the Presi·

:'di=ilif vigorously defended his .... · ent use of his veto power ti'~\ speech to the Ohio River

Villey White House regional ~onf~rence. · · , Mr.'Ford said he had a duty to ".'safeguard .the. •broadest .na­tioqal interest" , .as, President and was exercising it in his ve­toes .of 'Democratic s~ending bills " _,, ·: . ·

"The veto is n~t a negative, dead-end. device," he said. "In most · cases it is a positive means of achieving IegislaHve c;ompromise and improvement . • 1

' ·The President will travel to Ft.· McHenry, Md:, tonight to speak at a fireworks celebra­tion of Independence Day and a ceremony honoring 60 new' naturalized American citizens. !

~.. ' . ~ -

·- .......... .

,·~' v.;... ,. . . .

,.:f President Leads~ GOP Rivals-,-~ . :;.:. . ·"'·''" .. ,: · .. :, . . . . . . ......

·.l ·.. l: ·~>

By Louis Harris sib!e nominees or iii~ ReJJUb· Mr. Ford ''ai°so shows ~ome · . . · · lican Party for ·President in weakness among older voters,

ID: a tnal he~t for Pres~dent 1976. (Hand respondent card.) industrial workers whO' 'are ; among Republ~cans and mde· If you had to choose right now, Republicans, people who voted

.·pendents, ~res1~ent Ford beats who would be your first. choice for Nixon in 1972, and Cath·, . former Cal~forma Gov. Ron~ld for the Republican nomination olics. .· · ' • '· ·1 ·'': ;~eagan, his closet potential for Presid~nt in 1976? . . . B~t ~is worst showing by ~'..:i

: . inv~'. b~ 30-23 per cent. Now which ones on that list far 1s m the small towns of < •''/ This is the smallest lead an do you feel you could iwt vote the country, Wl!ere Reagan' ~: ~>'incumbent President has ever for if.they became the Repub- leads him by a substantial 331,.ioi. ·•: received in a Harris Sur\'ey lican nominee for President in to 25 per-cent. · " : ' ·1;1

·· ·".· Since Lyndon Johnson's term. 1976? Any others? And in the South, which has "~ President Ford . has more tst couict Not been a pivotal area in recent . :~~;\

support among rank-and-file Choice Vote tor years for any Republican.··'.·· Republicans than independ- President ·Foret JO% m•.. running for P~esident,. Mr; -::C:( ents. He leads Reagari 40-24 For~:na?d0vReaean 23 11 Ford holds a shm, 33-28 .lll!r , ~j per cent.among those who .call Vic~::J.e:J~,'j~~ 9 n ~11t lead over Reagan. ·'.j themselves Republicans. But ~~: ~~~~~ ~~~C:r ~ ll- ·:·; J:"'· © 1975, Chicago Tribune . . . . '

among independents, whose i;;:iia~?i%~t8R~~rdson ! · It'"':;.-~~: ..;. . .,~~

~~ ~~u~e:te ;;~~alef~~ti~n~ ~~r~:re 1i ~--;·t~~ ·>c;,:,~;;~~ ..... Reagan leads Fa.rd 23-22 per Mr. Ford's strength is spotty. I' '"'.: -.:,,:·_}T_· ... ·_ .. ·_:.i~~-·-:.~_:f_i~

cent. . . . The President runs strong in '::.·~ . .. -.... These ·!~test result~ indicate the East, where he finishes 18 ,· .·.jl

that President Ford is vulner- points ahead of Reagan. B.1,1t .~ able to attadcs by the right he trails Reagan in his natiye \:~ wing of the Republican Party. ge<>graphic area, the Midwest, ''J\j

.: . They also demollstrate the 27-25 per cent, and he loses ill:~ i _;::::~1 seriousness of Reagan's threat West to Reagan 32·31 per cent. i _,fai

,, to Mr. Ford. · Among conservatives,'· the1 e."

... · ·The Harris Survey asked a President ~lolds a narrow 34-i :)i} cross section of 703 Republ- 3~ per cent edge, even th_ough ! _~;::

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Jeans and independents earlier his lead among Repubhcans i 1J itu m nth· and among moderate and llb-1 _.;;:J ·;·:· s 0

· eral independents is substan··I :·}~ ... · .• ~~~ere is a list of people who tia!-JY higher--,eight percentage;·~

have been mentioned as pos· pomts. · ' :;~1,;j . ..:; •. "1 ,. 1.: :--:~-

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·· :10RDVdWStoWIN trRESIDENCY IN '76 \Tells G.O.P. Dinner He ·sees

I: No 'Unbeatable' Democrat ; -Event Raises $600,000

1: .

i; By CHRISTOPHER LYDON l ~- Sped.al ta The New York Tlme1

WASHINGTON, April 15 -I.President Ford told a Republi­;,can fund-raising dinner tonight !:that he did not see an "unbeat-i; able" Democrat among the men · !,; who hope to run against him :next year. · Mr. Ford pledged to win the , Presidency in his own right in ,: 1976 on a campaign for Repub­dican principles - including :; "budgetary discipline," "strong ·,national defense," and "free­'dom"---not just _for his own ; election, he said, but "for all ; Republicans everywhere." ' The filnancial summary on the '. annuail. Republican dinner for ' Congressional campaign funds ' suggested that the Republicans' · Watergate ma:lady lingers on.

With-the President as a draw­.ing card and Mark Russel1l, Washington's resident stand-up

' comic, telling jokes, the dinner raised about $600,000 tonight.

$3-Milllon in '69 A coparable . dinner in 19~9,

at the peak of President Nixon's power, took in $3-million. Last spring, during the impeach· ment proceeding against Mr. Nixon, the Republican llinner grossed $7{)0,000 •.

But Mr. Ford proclaimed the evening the start of a "broad resurgence of Republi­

. . I. can strength." He added: , · \ "One thing I learned in more

·_ - \ than a quarter-century of po­'· ·· ( litical involvement is. that the

1 prospects for. victory are sel" ! dom so bleak or so good as

· : they seem when ·you're in the i thick of a fight. Time after ,_ time, a supposedly ruined party ! has rebuilt and. returned­: stronger . than ever. · And re­

·\ peatedly, can~dates once con-\ ~~~i;:. .. unbe~~ble_ ~a~e been :

;~ ~.:t8c1i:~,(~~~w~ert, :;·, u ... - er .. "'-.-: a" ,....,appom -

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. -. '

Accentuate the Positiv~. Senator Ted ·stevens -of Alas­

ka, the new · chamnan . of · the Republicans' Senate Campaign Committee, sought in an· inter-

. view to emphasize the positive. He said he expected more "fol- ') low-up money" than usual to trickle in after the dinner to- :

, night. And, by .cutting costs, , he said he hoped for larger : net proceeds. than last year's $383,000. _But · the important ""' "seed money" in advance of

;next year's'.House and Senate °'' : campaigns will be in short sup-' ply, he acknowledged. i _· Watergate memories were i less a burden on tonight's din­\,_ner. than the state of the econo-: : my;: :senator Stevens said. The: 'Choice of April 15, the deadline: for paying income taxes, as i

• .. a dinner date was "unfortun-1 !.ate." he added. I : ; "it's a day that means some­• thing to taxpayers," Mr. Stev-

. f ens said. "They're money con-1 , scious. The economy is down, . and people are thinking of oth­

er things than the 1976 cam· paign." · ·

Other Explanations Republican party officials of­

. fered other explainationss for : the disappointing returns this .·· evening. Some substantial con­. tributors are still sulking, a •··fund-raiser said, because they , were required by a Treasury ~partment ruling to pay a

· gift tax on large contributions : to the 1972 campaign. : Other contributors were put ! off, . the fund-raiser said, by ; ,the uncertainty about certain :--regulations of the new political · financing law.

_, . Yet, Democrats planning their • own Congressional· dinner next . week have not seemed ham­' pered by the burdens the Re­; publicans have complained 1 about. Traditionally, the Dem~ • cni.ts have run far behind in ! these. yearly ~und-raising con-• . test, but their advance sale • this yea:r is the largest · ever · and they talk hopefully of a

Sl;milliQn di!lJ!ler on April 24. 'We thought we were going

· to habe to drag it out of p~ple," said Nordy Hoffman, director of the Senate Cam­paign Committee. "I was the most baffled· guy in the world when our dinner started going like a house afire." _ .

. Contributor~ ~A~e~• ; "' Eddie Mahe, executive direc-

tor of the Republican National • Committee, said that "here's , a continuing disillusionment : among major contributors be­: cause they've been iso abused · by all these investigations." He •added· : "Th~ big edge the Democrats . have is all that labor money . And having control of both

. branches of congress doesn't hurt, "either." .

! Y~t, there is no partisan ex­clusiveness about contributions

'to either dinner. The mainstays •of the Democratic and Republi­; can campaign dinners have _long been lobbyists and politi· : cal committees of special inter· , est groups that give to both ·parties. . : Among the buyers of $10,000 1 t~ble ticke_ts at the Republican . dmner tonight were the Ameri· . can Medical Association's Poll-• tical Action Committee, the American Dental Association's olitical Action Committee and the Real Estate Political Action Group-all of whU:h--,are ex­pectect to make matching con' tribUtions to the Democrats.

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Mr. FOrd arld ~QS'gbW .·:.:_.-_l

' . ...... There have been lessons in Wa- Hence the talks are in abeyance. _

tergate for the Russians as well. AnearlypriorityforMr.Fordisto Wearing ideological blinders, they brief himself on the subject and had Ions refused to understand the . get his administration to come up workings of the American system .. · - with a Unified negotiating posi-Their view ·was·_ dogmatic: big · tion. The problems_ are infinitely business controlled the govern- complex and no one seems to see a , ment and political democracy was lj.ght at the end of the tunnel. afake. . The one bright element of hope

The . men in the Kremlin are · is -that many Russians recognize .better educated now, however. . what intght happen if there is an For one they have learned from unrestrained arms race. · hard experience that the United States Congress is not easily con- Mr. Ford is judiciotisly striking. trolled and that the -White House a dual approach to Moscow. He is has limits on its power. , pressing Soviet leaders to join in · With their new-found sophis- an in~ensified effort to negotiate a

tication· the Russia.nS have taken new arms control agreement. But, the change-over to the Ford ad· as spelled out by Secretary Kis­ministration in stride. -. Despite singer, he is making clear-that if strains with Waahington in recent negotiation fails the u~s. will months, they know there is enough maintain its strategic strength

- bipartisan support in Congress for "'whatever the cost.'' detente and therefore feel it is a Certainly the Russians are viable policy for them. aware they eontinue to deal with · But the big question is where _ · toughness-cuni-flexibWty in the

cJetente goes from here. new White House leadership. Mr. President Ford and Leonid . Ford is strong on defense spending

Brezhnev already are moving to and his vice-presidential nominee keep thlngs on track. They appar- has in the past voiced skepticism ently nave come to some com, aboutdetente. 1

promise understanding about the Mr. Rockefeller's Critical prickly issue of Soviet" emigration, ·Choices -Commission has in fact w)llch has frozen the foreign trade _ be,en • studying the question. · It bill in Congress. If so, this will cowd well be the new vice-presi­remove one major obstacle to a dent will galvanize that much­further improvement of ties and is needed American debate not only a welcome development. _ ·· on arms limitation but the whole

The crucial area in Soviet- bilateral relationship. Where, in -American relations is strategic ·. essence, is the U.S. going with the arms control, however. If the two -- Russians? What does it .want to superpowers fail to make progress -accomplish? . _ · -here, .the whole fabric of detente · Meanwhile, there is a khld of

: could come unraveled. Every- - political bonus for the Americans thing depends on it. - ·-· from the whole Watergate affair.

At the recent summit the Rua- · Sovie,t propagandists may now sians made no concessions on have to explain America to their SALT. Most likely they reasoned people in less simplistic ways. that Mr. Nixon, because of his And, who knows, an oblique mes­political' weakness, _could not de- sage of the diversity and -viability liver an agreement and. when ne- , of American institutions just g0tiat1ons started up again they might get through - and set some

_ would be 1n.a w_eakerwsition .. : , . .,; .. Russians t9 thinklng. . · ,. - ; :, -;.~. '. :~:~ l ·:'.~~-:- •. ·-~~l; "·:_,_~;·~ ·-... ; ;;.-~ ~~~ ·::~; :.·-. ~ ~-; :/.;·~.<~~~~-:::>_- .~ ... :·-~:.//."~.\-~ ... )

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I I

THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, MARCH 13, 1975

.J ·r Conservative Challenge to Ford Is Forming in New Hampshire <·1 • . • ! · ~ By CHRISTOPHER LYDON Repub'lioan Govemm- of Cadi- in a st~ategi~ _position. to ad- Mr.. Thomson unseated in a Mr. Ford-even better than Mr. ry and p~rhaps_ disaster in the ) :. . spooiai to 1'h• New.York T1m•• fomia, .roos for ~esident in vance the pohti_cal realignment ~972 primary. 1:h.ey would ~lso Loeb suggests. !>a;ttle . wit~ third-pa~y fo~ces t " CONCORD, N. H., March. 12- the Republioa•n primary here, that conse~vat1ves hope for, include tftle omCial Republlcan Mr. Rudman, for .example, iry th~ir midst. The i_mmed1ate !\ :', A conservative challenge Mr. Thomson says he whla sup- and to strike a hea~y blow h!erai:chy, New Hampshire's le. predicted today that unless the m~s ilndNew Hampshire apa~<l:} I '· . . . , . . at a weakened Republican par- g1slat1ve leaders and Attorney national economy rebounded: le;> me ~. e more; rancorous. JVJ I' ·! ag_amst Pres1den~ For~ s nomm- port ~r. Rea_gan agamst M,r. t}". as le_d by Mr. Ford and General Wariren Rudman. sharply, "the Goverrtt>r would s10ns, interruptions of Federal t ,I at1on ~ext year is takmg shape Ford. A~d ~1th _our help, he d Vice President Rockefeller. There are other obvious diffi· make a very respectable show- patr<;>nage and . damage to Re- • 'J here, Just a ~ear bef~re t~e swamp him.. sa~d ·the Gover- "The basi~ for t.he new _par- culties for Mr. Thomson: He ing." "It would be a real horse pu~hcan . candidates, ,of 3:nY t 'N~w Hampshire Pres1den~ial nor.'s. 33-year-.ald s~n'. Pe~er, ty," he continued, 1s the _middle owes his re-election margin last race," he said. ·.. · s~nf\!i0; the Governors office .,. :J primary, around the tentative who is also his admml!'9tirative class people who are tired of fall to Manchester Democrats, Stuart Lamprey, a veteran n. ~, Y · . . -' favorite~son candidacy of Gov. assistant. the free_loaders at bo~h ends"- who would not be expected party leader who was . once 1. he Democratic par!Y. me.an., .

I Meld11im Thomson Jr. ·But Governor Thompson aJ .. by which Mr: . Loe1 referred t? rereg!ster to vote in a Rep~- o!1e of Mr. Nixon's closest allie ~~i~~~ hi~ b~:~en~a~~~f sl~~; l. If the primary were ne~t ready doubts; along with rebel- to welfare recii;>ient~ and. cor- hcan pnmary. New. Hamps~!re, sm the state, says!. "Thomson elections and is or anizing sys- j

1 month, not next year, Mr. lious conservatives in the Re- porate i:nonopohes. It will be fLirth~ore, has ~o t:ad1t1on would come .out with 40 per tematicaill in the gtraditionally I Thomson says emphatically he publican party elsewhero that a popuhst party, not a conser- of faivonte-son candidacies. cent of the vote and maybe\ R bl" Y t t ffset"the 1

Id be . th ~, vative party " he said A . p "d . I . . d I t . h t epu ican , owns o o r· wou. · running on. e R~- Mr. Reagan wants to .foarl the . • · . nd m , resi ent1~ primanes sof!le e ega e~ -.- ~?oug o Loeb and Thomson inroads in pubhcan ba.Jl?t against big in1temail struggle against the The ~ood news m. New the stau; s RepuJbhcans have claim a moral victory. old Democratic strongholds government, hi~ ~xes ~nd Fe- President. Hampshire for Mr. Ford 1s that ous~omanly made "m~derBlte" Mr. Ford might welcome the such as Manchester. deral budget. def1c1ts. His hope Wi111iam Loeb, The Main.dies- a Tho~son ch_allenge woul~ au- c~oi.ces-for Gen. Dwight D. challenge, Mr. Lamprey sug- Republicans worrry, too, that woul~ be to JOit Mr. Ford from ter Union Leade.r pub1isher who tomatically give the Pr~sident Eisenhower o~ Senator gested, if only to ~est the the Ford White House has the right the way former Se~a- often aippears to. be Governor the s.upport of ~he states s_ub- Robert A. Taft m 1952; for strength of ths. thir~-party turned a deaf ear, they say, tor Eug~ne J. McC:arthy of Mm· Thomson's chief adviser. and stant,al ~epubhcan establish- Henry Cabot Lodge over. Sena- threat. The qu.~stron _raised by to repea.ted cries of a·larm, Mr. nesota JOited ~resident Johns~n spokesman, concluded i•n an ment, which has nev~r w~l- tor Bal'\l"y G!'.Jldwater and Mr. the "new ~ar~y theorists, he Ford has sent no messages: or fr<?m the left u~ the Democratic edhto·11ia•l ·a week a•go that "Rea· corned Mr. Thomson mto its Rockefelie~ m 196~, and for went on, is: Can the Th~mson emissaries to New Hampshire, f)r1mary ·here m March, 1968. gan doesn't !have the •beHy for ranks. t~e·n - President . Nixon over and the Wallac~ conservative· local party leaders say, to ex-

''There's a. goo~, chance we a real! knockdown fight." The Ford loyalists in an intra ftght-and •left-wmg challengers ~get ~ogether m 1976? If Ford plain his plans. for 1976. Mr. \ :ould c~rry. it off, . Mr. Thom: on the oontrau-y, Mr. Loeb Republican battJle with Gover· m 1972. 1s gomg to fac~ that battle Rudman, reflecting the general f ·?n s~1d tn an mterv1ew 1 wrote, "George Wa•llace a.nd nor Thomson would he expect· NoMtheless, ~he anti-Thom- !ater o~, he might as well trylpuz'zlcmcnt here, commented ; 11 5 office here. . . a new party aire the best pros- ed to rang.e from former Sena- son Republicans. say that if it here. ·. · today, "I'm still not convinced: "A full year a·head is ·furtlher peats for IJ"escuing this nation." tor Norris Cotton to fonner current conditions persist the s·ut here, as in other states, Ger"llrl ford is going to· be/ :'ca~~-111 ~t~N~~ut ~:sw:~ · A Strategic Position Gov. Walte·r P.eteri;on •. who111.Qe>v~mor will ~ "'_~!!.. .. ~~i~~ .. ~f'..PUbl!~~~--foresee g~av~-~~:~~~~.~a~didate." ! r another, his ·a~lies here and In a telephone interview this 1 Washington are determined morning from his winter home 1 confront Mr. Ford •in New in Reno, Mr: Loeb confirmed ampsMre's wiidely publicized that he expected .to be support. >ening round of llhe .Presiden- ing Mr. Thomson as a favorite ti nomina!tling cannpaign. They son in the primary here. A m aiso be experimenting with strong showing, which he de-IOpU\ist". l.ssues and a;liliances fined at around 35 per cent - perhaips reac might entice Mr. Reagan into .perhaps reaic.hmg oot to Gov. the race and might encourage iorge C. Wialface QI Afabama, Governor Wallace to try anoth­)emocrat-to test the feasibil- er independent run for the Pres-, of a third-party campaign idency. · the !fall election of 1976. In .any . event, he declared .

:t RonraJd Reagan, the foroier with gusto, New Hampshire is ·· J! ' : • • ~' 1

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Foreign policy unper "Ford , .. - - ,, - . ·~'.; ·:::.· :~·

By Robert R. Bowie ------~- - --_-.---_-- ---- -_- -:.~:.:~.~~ -

As he took office, President Ford Second, the . demands of : lnter.1 put his stress on_ the continuity of dependence- must have much higher United States foreign policy. That was priority In U.S. policy. The flow of · to be expected. Mr. Truman and Mr. trade, .money, investments, tech· Johnson did the same when they nology, and people across borders haf' succeeded to the presidency. But they been steadily expanding. MuJtlna·.

If this analysis proves correct, the Ford administration will bring dis· tinct-improvement in foreign policy.

Dr. Bowie is a member of the Harvard Center for International

. Affairs and of the Harvard fac-:·. l.llty. -

so0n found it necessary to reshape the. · , ttorlal firms produce; distribute and'

:~~iti~~~efl6:~ n:; !fi':ra~:d~~~ ::de0::!to;C:;,id::;:~·. p:!:~ii~~:- ~l1~~··,... ' __ • Foret. Indeed the policy he inherits sources have become global prob-· . from Mr. Nixon has been badly lems. . . , . . · J ~~ distorted in two resp_ects: Hs prior- These various forces are llriklng ities have been out of balance, and its i1lethods were 'ribt stilted to some''of national economies ever more 1n~ t ' ll..e most urg' e"n"'t' ·: 'n' eedS. The ·.n.. e_ 'w.·.· timately and are eroding the cap~city ~/ - ~ ,. ..... ~ m of nations to C!)pe with their needs & ~ ~ President seeins well 'fitted t0 correct ~

separately. The Jieces.sity for c.ooper- • these shortcomings. is ~ The first need is to put U.S.-Soviet ation especially urgent among the :

advanced countries of North Amer- · relations and detente into better per-spective. Mr. Nixon made detente the . !ca, Western Europe, and·Japan, but centerpiece of his policy. With his ! it must include the developing nations

as well, and the Communist states, to heavy focus on summitry, he tended 1 the extent they will join. Beyond to personalli:e these relations and to . avoiding nuc.lear wa.r; the main task

·overstate the achievements, with claims of having radically trans- ' in foreign affairs is to develop . the formed them and of creating a per· processes~·and"'iristitlitions for manag-. manent structure of peace. The ex- ing this inte_rdepen~~.11~~\;L_- _:. · ,, . igencies of Watergate only heightened The greatest· lalllng Of· the Nixon

· these tendencies. Yet even before his administration was its virtual neglect · departure, reality was pushing of this task. Mr. Nixon had little

through the rhetoric as in the Moscow interest or competence in this realm summit. Improving U.S.-Soviet rela· (as the last tapes underscored). It is tions will be a long-term process not a field which lends itself to which will not be advanced by impa· summitry, surprise, and ~ecrecy. In· tience or illusions. Progress will be deed the tight monopoly of the making severely limited and impeded by the and conduct of policy in the hands of Soviet concept of coexistence as con- the President and Secretary of State tlnuing rivalry, and by the closed . was not compatible with dealing with nature of the Soviet system. ! •· these problems o_f continuing coopera-

It is time to cut through hyperbole ~ , tion with others .. That will require about detente in general and to focus · !')'ilicll wider particfpation by officials more on specific interests and issues .. t and.experts' at many levels-in many What are Soviet interests in Europe 1 departments. · · :, .. · ·._ · · •·" . · ' and the Middle East, in trade and There seems to be a goO<i prospec.t credits, in arms control, exchanges that Mr. Ford will redress this bal· and 'openness, and other issues, as ance. It ·is not - that he has the they see them? What should be U.S. knowledge or training; it is rather objectives in these various fields? ThE!. _. that his method and approach are upcoming hearings of the Senate_' well suited to the problem. Clearly he Foreign Relations Committee on de~ intends to conduct an open presidency tente could initiate a timely debate .. If.. which will encourage inputs· from properly conducted they could help to many. sources inside and outside the clarify these issues. . . . ··" government. He recogriizes the criti-..

. Mr. Ford will clearly continue the cal Importance of economic issues as ' efforts to improve U.S.-Soviet reJ&;~ was shown by his concern for the

tions. Almost everyone supports tlijLt· trade b1ll. · , course. But his approach wiff cer~~ Whatever _.his ·current views on tainly be more, down to earth, more~ ·specific issues his openness ts bound candid about the obstacles, and inore to bring home to him quickly ·the

. i'eallstic ai>Oufthe·actual state of the necessity for organized cooperation r_elationShtP. '.That will be fo keep'ili.g with others in many fields. His ap- -with his temperament and style. And proach should facilitate the kinds of . it will be constructive. / · : participation by officials. and experts . /

which are essential ·to develop. and conduct the-:J;E!q~!!E! .. cooperation -1 with Europe and Japan,- as'·.well.Jas others. _ .. · ·: :_(;· .. >~;:~-·; :~;)) .. ~~~~~~~1_:·~~~~~,~:::L_;,_·. '-/~~~~·:·J~

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8

· The three 'Rs' -Rockefeller, Reagan and radical~ ·

·Tough political issues facir j

By CurtisJ. Sitomer However, o~er Republi~ PartY i.Dsiders' Staff correspondent of here admit they are now more concerned

The Christian Science Monitor about Mr. Rockefeller than a potential Reagan . Los Angeles challenge to the President. · · . .

Three R'S - Rockefeller, Reagan, and Polls here, as elsewhere,· show Strong·.

;)i\c: .-;p

Tll radicals - likely will be key iBJes facing disenchantment with the Viee President .:..:. not .

President Ford as he heads west for weekend , only among Republicans but even among s POti · speeches in California. . . . independents. A California poll, for example, ·

However, the behind-the-scenes stress may gives Mr. Reagan a 39 percent.preferenee for l be on the Vice-President - and whether he vice-presid~nt against 26 . percent·.· for Mr. · s. - . should remain on the Republican ticltet next Rockefeller. U.S. Sens. Howard Baker and · · year. Some California politicians are said to be Charles Percy and former Texas: Governor · a: ·· . ..· · , pre$uring Mr. Ford. to drop Mr. Rockefeller John Connally follow as choices for the .second . s~ · '"°t'••u• uWJwng. reaerar·ana · state in favor of Ronald Reagan or somebody else. spot. · · · · · •authorities have been severely criticized for · The President is known to be eager for a Publicly, Mr. Reagan .insists he is not . poor. security preparations -'- particularly in

·California victory not only in next June's interested 'in .the vice-presidency·. But same . reference to the surveillance of Manson clan primary but in the November, 1976, general sources allow he might change his mind if . menihers; including Lynette Fromme,~ who electiOn. This is the nation's most populous . definitely offered it. , · · . was 'able to get within a few feet of Mr;'Ford state. Its winner-take-all primary is vital to "He's a party man and he's a loyal and point a gun at him. . nomination. Its electoral vote has been deci- American. And he's just got too· much di'gnity · However, officials at Pepperdine Uru11e1"Sity sive ror Democrat John F. Kennedy and to do anything to hurt the nation," insists a top along the Pacific shore north of Los Arigeles Republican Richard M. Nixon in close presi- Western GOP leader - ii long-time staunch and at Stanford Law School along the San dentlaJ races in recent years. Reagan supporter who now is backing Mr. Francisco peninsula report that the Secret

Polls here now show Mr. Ford handily Ford for. re-election. This source holds that Servfce has assured "tight security''0_.for.

leading Mr. Reagan in a two-man primary. Mr. Reagan will decide in the end not to contest. However, the conservative former challenge President Fordfor the nomination. . Governor has not yet officially announced his However, the question nags here: can Mr. candidacy. "And when he does, we'll auto- Ford take California in the general election

· matically pick up 15 points in the polls," with Mr~ Rockefeller on the tick~t? · · . .. ··· j' predicts a Reagan strategist. Son:ie liberal and moderate ~pubHcanS ~ · ·

~~-===========~========================:::==================

Fri., July 18, 1975 · 1!.os ~ngrlr~ ii;~~!f .fT

California Not 'Reaigan '.Country,' Callaway Says

· Campaign Chief Says Ford Is Conficf.:ent, Holds Out Prospect of No. 2 Spot. on Ticket fof Ex-Governor .

BY RICHARD BERGHOLZ Times Political Writer

President ~ord's election campaign 1'.lanager said Thursday he is con­fident of carrying California next year against any challenge from for­mer Gov. Ronald Reagan.

He repeatedly held out the prospect that Reagan might wind up as the vice presidential nominee.

Howard H. (Bo) Callaway, former secretary of the Army in the Ford Cabinet, told a Marriott Hotel news conference he does not consider Cali-· fornia "Reagan country" despite the fonner governor's past hold of GOP organizational machinery here.

Reagan has not yet decided wheth­er to run against Mr. Ford, although he has permitted his supporters to start raising funds for that purpose. • Some of the President's advisers , have suggested one way to avoid a Ford-Reagan showdown next vear would be to clear the way for Rea­gan to become the vice presidential nominee in place of the incumbent,. Nel~on A. Rockefeller.

On June 17, Mr. Ford praised Rockefeller's work and said "I am confident both of us can convince the delegates individually and as a team we should be nominated."

The President also authorized his press secretary to say "the President will be for Nelson Rockefeller for nomination." ' ·

Mr. Ford since then has stopped short of saying he would campaign for the Ford-Rockefeller .team, rather than just for himself.

Callaway said he talked to Rocke­feller last Monday, to the President last Tuesday, and this is.the situation now:. ·""-: · ·

"He (the Pr~sident) suppqrts Rock· efeller as Vic!" President and as part of his team f"'/r this term of the Ad­ministration. The President is not committed ~ 1-1 Rockefeller at the (1976) coiwer'.tion for a second term as Vice Pres;ljl.ent. The President will keep an operl mind on that." · Callaway 4id both Mr. Ford and Rockefeller ;</-_greed with him that "it would mak& no sense for the Pres· ident to mav..e up his mind now." Conserva~;1ve R~publicans ha\·e

'complained 1J1tterly about Mr. Ford's selection of Rockefeller, who is not well-regarcl"'°'d by the political right.

·. Reagan ref"reated.ly has said he has · no intentio-fl of being No. 2 man on a

ticket hea~..:d by Mr. Ford. · I ' !

. ·. I Callawo:./, ... w~o m_et here ~vith the l

44-memteJ Laliforma campaign com· • mittee f(lf Mr. Ford, said he rccog· nizes · Re?'~an'~ strength here and with cons1-'f'·auves across the land. ·,

"Right now, we want delegates who are fl.I~ Ford and Rockefeller. or I Ford and ~eagan, or anybody else. I think th~I~ are 20 01' 30 bright young I RepubJiti!lli who all think they would :11<lke excellent Vice Pres· , idents. 1 ~"lllt them all with us. right ·now."

Befori> ihe meeting of. the Ford Califoml;; C?mmittee, Callaway met private!Y with Assembly Republican ! Leader ihbert G. Beverly (R-M;in· , hattan ~ch), state Seh. Robcr:L: Steven? (R-Santa Monica) and Al• · sembl'Ji~n Mike · Antonovich (R• Glend~ie:\ Robert C. Cline (R-North• ridge/;, ~ Bann~i. (R-G~rdena) ~n~ .: Paul r1~Xl}(R·:P..~~!!~~ Palisades) ..•. · ..

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•

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Can F~;d e~~ij,;~:rn::,_,...,..:~ia~?--.. ~~,~~::~ .. ---::;~-/~--~~~ WASHINGTON - A bit of suggest as much. Gallup indicates also back the Alabamian in a ·/

electoral history for Gerald Ford· ·that in a three-way race, George three-way race. (As a footn~te, 21 I to ponder: No Republican has Wallace would take away. enough per cent of $te Republicans been elected President during this national GOP support to tip the were mad enough to back Wallace century without carrying Califor- · contest to, say, Edward KeniJedy. even against Ronald Reagan.)

But even if Wallace is not the .

nia. Back in 1916, GOP nominee Charles Evans Hughes went to bed on election day thinking he had won but he woke up the next morning to find that California had slipped away, and with it the

For Mr. Ford, ~· three-way race· in CaJifornia promises to .be doubly tricky because of the way several Ford operatives :_ nota­bly State Republican (and Ford re-election committee) Chairman Paul Haerle - have offended GOP Reagan and Wallace sup­porters.

American Independent candidate \ and the party nominates a lesser .. J figure, such a nominee is likely to · exceed the 3 per cent John '. Schmitz won in 1972. I say thJs • because of: 1). the May indexes of

,_,,;

· electoral votes needed for nation­al victory. Hughes had been knifed by dissident Republicans

· led by Senator Hiram Johnson.

Then in 1968, Richard Nixon did not see .victory at hand until the wee hours of the morning. Only when California fell into line

. did his aides break out the cham­. pagne.

If you lo.ok back through polit~ ical history books, California has . been 'nip-and-tuck. For this rea­son, Gerald Ford is potentially vulnerable to the consequences of a primary challenge by ex-Cali­fornia Gov. Ronald Reagan. The conservative animosity engen­dered in any such fight could come home to roost in November, 1976. .

My assumption here is that the 1976 contest in California will be clos·e. Gallup and Harris polls

' ·!

right wing Republican anger; 2) . the level of 'AIP strength in the ,

Whatever the situation may 1974 elections; and 3~ the bitter.- · . ,~ be in other states _ and it varies ness of some Reagan supporters . ":~.! - there is already the certainty .· against the tactics of Chairman · ""~ of a third party in California. The .· Haerle. For all these reasons,' It ,. ; American Independent· Party,· seeins fair to surmise that even a·:. ··' being already fully qualified, will little-known A1P candidate could . . ,;::·: be on the 1976 ballot with a . expect 4 to 6 per cent of the vote presidential candidate. Nor is thJs as a protest. And if Nelson Rocke-something to be takl;!nlightly; feller is the vice-presidentiaJ can: '

. , · · didate,.the AIP protest vote could

If George Wallace iS the ihird ·party candidate, then.- Mr. Ford's trouble iS obvious. Wallace would draw from both parties, but a May California (Mervin Field) poll showed that 26 per cent of the state's selr:identified Republicans would pick Wallace in a head-to­head contest with the President. Presumably most of t~e8e would

reach 6 to 8 per cent. •

.· · This wouldn't matter in a : national GOP landslide. But in a j close race, a 5 to 6 per cent AIP 1

. showing. would .. probably defeat II · For-d in California and perhaps in

the country. It is a possibility that Ford strategists will doubtless be , considerin~. . · · · ' \·

.,, . ~

. . . '

\ / :. , ... ,-. ,., .r r t· t J ~ - - r I

;

- -

. <V-H_~· :·,WA~}1ING_TON. P 0 STh.S A TURD A Y, JULY 19,' 19 7 5

T 01n Braden .... ,. ' r_,_} \.·'•-, ' (,''(

Watergate and the Ford Carhpaign ·d t of NATO, .d·1·d - not know t_hat those The Democratic candidate, whoever Howard H. Callaway, Pres1 en . .

Ford's campaign manager, showed tapes had been edited? , he may be, might also ·suggest that h~mself to reporters the other day And what about Morton Halperin's Gerald Ford play us the tapes of hi~ and instantly demonstrated that he suit against Henry Kissinger? By next conversations with Richard Nixon. has at least one major talent. He can winter, the courts_ will have decided Those tapes have never been subpoe-whistle in the dark. whether Kissinger acted legally when naed because the relations· between . t . t he put a wiretap on his colleague in the two men were never in question

·' "Anyone who thinks they can am the National Security Council. Gerald Ford with the Watergate scan- Halperin says he might not have until the pardon. dal,'' he told reporters, "will find that brought that suit if the wiretap had But when Mr. Ford pardoned Nixon, it won't wash." He went on to say that been cancelled when lie left Kissin- a lot of people were reminded thaj_the Richard Nixon would play no role in ger's staff. But the tap continued, and White House tapes show .Nixon. spg-the Ford campaign. continued for 17 months, during much gesting Mr. Ford as the man to stop:

They are brave,_,words. But Callaway of which Ume Halperin was working Rep. Wright Patman's · (D-Texas) early must know that any Democratic can- for Sen. Edmund Muskie. move to investigate the Watergate didate who will not remind the Arileri- Why did the taps continue? If Kis- break-in. Was. Mr. Ford informed of can people that Gerald Ford granted a singer authorized them, and the court the role. Nixon wanted him· to play? full and complete pardon to Richard so holds, will it be possible for Calla· Was he ever told why the White House· Nixon would be derelict in his duty. way to keep that issue out of the cam- didn't want an investigation? One way He must also know thatthere are some paign? _. to silence any· lingering suspicions of other Watergate matters likely to bub- There's also the matter of Bebe a Nixon-Ford deal would be to make ble. up between now and election time· Rebozo and the $100,000 he got from public· the tapes of Nixon-Ford con· and which might be embarrassing to Howard Hughes and returned three versations. .,. the man whom Nixon chose as his years later. Not that Rebozo is a Ger- In short, the idea that the next pres. Vice President. ald Ford crony, but Callaway is really idential campaign can be conducted

Who caused the 181h-minute gap on asking a lot when he asks us to regard without any reference to Watergate the tape? Who prepared those fake Gerald Ford as though Gerald Ford te · th ·

had never had anythl·ng to do with 'is ridiculous. Waterga is e reason transcripts which Mr. ·Nixon put out G ald F d · p "d t f the United

RI.chard N1"xon.· He i's also asking a lot er or is resi en ° with the assurance that they told the States. Does Callaway really believe full story, "the rough as well as the when he asks us to regard the Repub- , . the -voters· won't· ·remember that! Or -smooth"? Was it anyone still on the .. Hean Party as totally divorced from . that the.Democratic candidate will not . White House staff? Is it possible that · · . the man it presented .to the .. voters for . Gen. Alexander Haig, who was Gerald its national ticket in· five of the last· .. remind them? Ford's choice for Commander-In-@_ief six ~lections.c:~ .

:~r;,~;9-0 ·--r~iti'une,\.i"iJes'day,"-Cjuiy "ff ··197-5'.

Recalling ;·Ford··· 'no' to~76 race

THE MOST. PRECIOUS commodity '--a Chicago politician has is his word-'--in City Hall or party headquarters. Politi­cians can be the bitterest of enemies on issues, but time and time again I've ~n mutual respect built on the tribute, "His word is good." I think that is the

·foundation of Mayor Daley's power. Washington is another story. Crediblll·

,ty, believability, "a person's word" · '-have eroded in the nation's capital, from

the top down. When President Ford announced he

would run for election next year, I ex­pected to see some reference made to his Senate Vice Presidential· confirma­tion bearing statement that he would not run.

Apparently they're ·so used to distor· tions, shadings, misleading phrases, and hall-truths in Washington that what Ford said last year isn't Important to­day. ·

IF YOU'VE . F 0 R G 0 T T E N tho&e · words, they came when Sen. James B. Allen [D., Ala.] was questioning Presi­dent Nixon's nominee for the Vice Presi· dency. Allen suggested that if inflation were checked in 1976, the energy crisis were over, and peace prevailed, Mr .. Ford might reconsider his statement of intention not to nin. The following ex· _change ensued:

Ford: Well, sen. Allen, humorously, If all tlwse things take place, and since President NiXon · could not run again, it sounds -like you are ·writing a prescrip­tion for a landslide. · Allen: Do you think you might be sub-

ject to a draft? · Ford: Well, the answer ls still "no." ,1.. ~ no lntenfu!n to run, and I can_jn~­ie!Lno circi1In§tances wJjgt e ! ifi\lld: _change !DY Ilillirt I have no intention of . seeking public office in 197fi " · "The _answer was carefully phrased but

it doesn't · inspire much confidence In Mr; Ford's ability_. to foresee circum-stances.. ·

Nor will anything he says during the coming campaign have any particular believability. And almost everything ha says from now until November, 1976, Will in some way be campaign tafk.

Jack Mabley

ceiling, to extend voting rights protec~ tion, and to continue federal funding of the Amtrak railroad system and bank-rupt railroads." :·xiT

Yates points out the drama of a veto. '. attracts headlines but the few veto ac- · · tions are only a small part of Congress' .. · work:

Yates' ideological opposite in Congress from this area, U.S. Rep. Phil Crane [R., Mount Prospect] [another politician whose word is good] keeps sending back little nuggets about the nuts and bolts of government to his constituents.

Crane has strongly protested the· spending of $1.3 million to automate ele­vators in the Hoose office buildings. Why? Because after putting out all that money, they're still going tc have opera--· · tors running the elevators. Patronage.

. 55 LIMIT U.LEGAL? A.J. Clauter of Geneva sends a clipping from a . Colora­do newspaper reporting that a state judge has ruled· the 55-mile-an-holll' speed limit In that state unconstitution­al. He tossed out charges against a driver . accused of going 65 m. p. b. In a SS zone. ·

Judge Fred c. Calhoun of Montrose, Colo., ruled that neither the Congress nor the President has . the power to de­termine where, when, .or how the operta­ing of ·a motor vehicle in Colorado will or can be a crime. . .

AND NOW THE GOOD NEWS: Twen- . ty states are considering laws to make pay toilets illegal, with the bfggy, busted old New York, having already passed legisl_ation baruung them._ ·

The New York ban will. be effective Sept. 1 if Gov. Hugh Carey doesn't veto it-and he doesn't dare. So If you're

·.traveling and you're outraged by soar~ · ing costs, take comfort in a free public

SURPRISE: "IT HAS been_ a surpris· convenlenee in New York. ingly good congressional session so far," Naturally there are some jollity dur·

. United States Rep. Sidney Yates [D., Ing debate over the bill, most of it not . Chicago] reports back to his North Side worth repeating. I could'. sympathize

constituency.· "Many good bills have with N.Y. Sen. Karen Burstein, a spon-. been enacted, including a major tax-re- sor of the bill. "I was ·going to crawl

duction bill, bills to speed up highway .under the door one day. at the Comm.o­construction to promote employment, to dore Hotel;" the senator, who had tried· provide ftiilds for summer jobs for unsuccessfully ·to· obtain change from

<-youth, to stop an increase in the.price of . mimerous persons in the .. rest room and food stamps, to adopt a federal budget · in the lobby, said. . · -

~.....,,,._-. ...,....,~'-·~~

· ''.::<rlti'Ca_go·::(tribunt

Ford election team -wallts to see no evil

Monday,· July 14, 1975 . . .

~ By Aldo Beckman Chieago Tribune Press Service

THE PRESIDENT had not yet even officially declared his intentions to seek a full term in the White House, but Don­ald Rumsfeld, his chief of staff, was lecturing senior Presidential aides on the need for campaign integrity.

Telephone calls, telegrams, even let­ters, must be segregated so that no one can charge the taxpayers are being sad­dled with any of the political campaign costs, Rumsfeld cautioned .. ·-

.Later that· same day. after President Ford. 1had made his official declaration of candidacy, Howard [Bo] Callaway, ·his campaiim manager, contacted Presi­dential Press Secretary Ron Jl.'lessen, seeking heln in, publicizing a telegram of endorsement frcim Michigan Gov. Wil-liam Milliken. . ' .

MILLIKEN, AS a close friend of Ford's and governor. o'f his home state, was anxious that his be the first official endorsement of the chief executive. Call­away wanted to be certain it got the widest possible exposure.

"Sorry, but' I can't help yuu," Nessen replied. "That's a political project and we're determined to stay away from tJhings like that over here."

Altho the·problem of separating politi­cal activities from the costs of operating the Presidency, when the candidate is an incumbent, has always been an irri­tant, few have taken it as seriously as Ford aides are taking it.

"This is a whole new law,"· said one senior aide. referring to the new Cam­paign Reform Act, "and you have a 1horrible example to live down."

. I !

RUMSFELD DENIED, however, that the shadow of the Watergate campaign abuses that drove Richard Nixon from office were really that much of a factor. . ,"It's not Watergate," he said. · "It's

just Rumsfeld." . · · "I'm always trying to look around cor.

ners so we wori't be embarrassed;" said Rumsfeld during an interview in his .of­fice just down the hall from Ford's Oval office. "Vigilance is the answer. 0

Some general rules already are in ef­fect, such as the Republican National Committee being billed the more than $3,000 an 1hour it costs to operate Air Force One, Wihen Ford is on a trip for the Republican Party.

. ORDERS HA VE gone out that there will be no political letters written on White House stationery, and the Presi­dent is going out of his way to pay fr01n

his own pocket expenses for social activ­ities dealing strictly with politics.

Tuesday night, after his announce­ment, Ford invited some of his political advisers and· key campaign aides to the White House for a cocktail reception, and 1he was billed for this.

And the mailgrams that went· <int Monday night from Ford, giving GOP leaders advance notice of his announce­ment, were paid for by bhe election · committee, typed at campaign head­ouarters, and sent from a commercial Western Union n.ffice ratlher than the one in the White House.

THE WHITE HOUSE is so cautious that a "hold" order has been put on ·any / incoming letters with campaign contri-/ butions. This mail will not be returned until Ford's attorneys determine it .is proper to sug~est to the sender he may want to send the money to the campaign rommittee. · · -

Traditionally, Presidents receive two or three letters a week with some small donation, ·generally less than $10, from some ~dmirer, who wants to help. Fcir the last s~veral years, and under Rich­ard Nixon, they have automatically been returned. · ·

White House lawyers are trying to work out a formula that will cover all possibilities. One senior White Hou5e aide said thev will ·have plenty of time to figure out an answer. ·

. I

"HE HAS JUST gone thru a ritual Of ·American 'politics," said the official, ref­erring to tlhe announcement. "Now I would be very surprised if you see the president doing any campaigning before the end of the· year."

White House :officials are convinced that private meetings with local Repub­lican officials, such as one Ford held Saturday morning in Chicago, don't count as campaigning. There are no plans to trry to pro-rate the costs of a trip that includes such perfunctory polit-

. ical sessions.

FORD AIDES are aware of potential criticism from political adversaries over . the issue of taxpayers footing the bill for politicking.

"'Every candidate has his own kind of problems," said Rumsfeld, subtly sug­gesting White House strategy if Demo­crats push the issue.

"Has anybody checked . to see who is traveling with Sen. Jackson [!Jhe Wash­ington Democrat who is seeking the · Presidential nomination]? ·Are any of those people on the Senat.e payroll while they devote all -of their time to politics?," Rumsfeld ask~.

Ford· DehiitS Elf F 8Vorahle By CARL P. LEUBSDORF r· · - ) ;:s~~~~~~:r:~~ -President Ford formally' l News A ~~ ly,~,is ) .. '

entered the 1976 presidential race at a time when. ~~----------------" his political prospects appear far brighter ~ presidenti~l campaign, showed conservatives he when his friends started making his campaign- meant what he was saying about rejecting plans two months ago. Democratic "spending" programs and won ·At the -same time, however, the possible pledges of support from key. Republicans in

,opposition of Ronald Reagan spotlights just one of Reagan's home sta~e of California. . . a series of obstacles that rould quickly darken the A.lthough th~ Pres1d~nt had only led Re.agan 30 ~o brightened White· House h9pes of recent weeks. 23 m a Hams Po.ll m early spring, his margm · Other factors include the state of the economy leaped to 40 to 17 m the latest tally. and whether Democrats can put together a strong Nevertheless, . Reagan could complicate the ticket backed by a united party. President's election plans, partly because he has

Less than two months ago, many Republican an emotional appeal to the conservatives who · senators and congressmen were saying privately dominate GOP conventions and partly because of they doubted Ford could win in 1976. Some top the 1976 primary timetable. party officials were among those who doubted he Though a survey by the liberal Ripon Sodety · would run. optimistically predicted Ford would defeat

But the President's approval rating in public Reagan by 1,429 to 811 if the GOP convention.were opinion polls moved upward in the wake of his now, it assumed a Ford victory in the opening New· success in forcing freedom ·of the captured U.S. . Hampshire primary and a standoff in Florida. _ freighter Mayaguez and its crew. Other GOP offiCials, however, believe that, if

· Reagan does decide to run, he would have a good And four successful veto battles. with the chance in both states, and that could set off a chain

Democratic controlled Congress, plus Ford's trip reaction that might undennine Ford. . to Europe, contributed to a feeling in the White .· A key to Reagan's hopes, as well as those of the House that Ford wa~ coming into his own as Democrats in 1976, is the nation's economy. A lot president. . - · . may depend on whether the recession does recede

At the same time, Ford named Howard R (Bo) ·and Ford sue~ in persuading the 92 per cent of Callaway, a. Georgia conservative, to .run his ... working Americans.that inflation is a greater evil

than . ·... . . - "

, · unemployment __ __ _ ' · ... _ _ _ _

Hanging over the predicted economic upturn is the threat of another large jump in gasoline prices

· -as a result of possible decontrol of U.S. domesti~ prices and the Ara~ intention of another hike in their price.· . . .. . Last week's increases in fuel prices, put i into effect as many motorists were setting off on July 4 holidays, were just the first step. ·

Finallr, assuming Ford wins his party's nomination, there are two final threats: the Democrats and a possible third party headed by George C. Wallace. . .

Few Democra~ic. leaders believe Wallace has . . a_ny chance of.wm.nmg a spot on the party's 1916 ~1cket. Many believe their chances would be un~roved by. a Wallace third party candidacy notmg that with the Alabama governor in the race' Democrat. Hubert H. Humphrey nearly won t~ 1968 election.

Though the Democrats appear divided ~nd -leaderless now, their leaders still are hopeful they c~n put together a ticket next year that wiirpro­v1de a reasonable alternative to Ford and unite all but the fervent pro-Wallace Democrats . .: ..

l!nder th~se circumstances, top . Democrats beheve their party's built-in plurality in . the cou~try would enable them to regain the pres~dency and make Gerald R.. Ford the first man iln th1_s century to. inherit the White House and then ose 1t.

, .. -.- ..... ·;

J osepht Kraft

A . confident 'Pi-esid~ii.17~iiitiS'.tS~;pJ;'~ President Ford starts off his cam· ln Vermqirt and N~ · Hampshit-e and· and hlS vetoes on social spending all

paign for election to the post he in· Maine, but in Massachusetts .. and suggest that he is now. emphasizing herited in a mood of striking confi· Rhode Island and Connecticut / . his conservative stance. dence. In an interview with this col· He added that "We may not be so That impression is further strength· umnist shortly 1before his announce- strong in New York City." But he ened by the efforts made to run well ment, the President expressed the view specifically excepted New Jersey, say. in the South and the Rocky Mountain that he held a decisive edge over all ing it was a "potentially good state." states. Moreover, Mr. Ford told me possible competitors. . Thereafter he skipped around among that, cc>ntrary to reports cireulated ·: , He surveyed the. ~ountry region ·by ·the regions. . · . · · : · . · here and elsewhere, he was going to region and found the outlook pleasing. .. Mr. Ford said: "In the South we have stick with . his present Cllbinet, includ. hi the process moreover, he showed good support; We're in good shape in ing the. conservative ideologue Wil· that he ihas been thinking long, hard .. the Middle West. In the Rocky Moun· liam Simon who serves as Secretary of and in detail about the campaign now tain states there are more pluses than the Treasury. coming up. .minuses. On the West CoaSt we're It seems clear.that Mr. Fordieels he. ;Mr. Ford pushed the subject himself o~~;sequently Mr. Fora .told me that has the moderate wing of the Repub-

against a background of questions hav.· one of the pluses was the new Secre- lican party safely in tow. He is mov· ing to do' chiefly with his 'record. as tary of the lnterior;·former Gov. Stan· lng to ·bihd to his side the party's actiV•: President since last August Amon.g ist conservatives. That means'he will other things he said that he felt his ley Hathaway of Wyomhig. The Presi· be in poor position to turn toward a deeds in the White House had ma_de dent .indicated that Rogers Morton, stimulative fiscal posture should the him "entitled ~--·~-.... ,, "People,". he who was shifted from Interior to Com• . . nl sl ly ..., ~ ...... · ad _... · hi If ght in eQOnomy recover o y very ow : · said, "know what I've done. They know · merce, h ev••en mse cau · So Mr. Ford may be in for a roUgh rm an honest man." .. the crossfire between energy pro-

ducers and ·environmentalists. Mr. ·· time-end not oply in New York but He went on to say that having pub- Ford said that Mr. Hathaway as Sec- . · tn all the big industrial states. A cen-

lic trust was "a major asset in seeking retary of the Interior would "strength- ··· ·trist Democratic candidate who empha- . the Presidency." He repeated that en us in the Mountain states." "He's sized the jdb issues could give him point a second time, claiming that in touch," Mr. Ford added, "with their. trouble 1il New York, Pennsylvania, having public trust was "a. big advan- . feelings;'' · _; ·. . · .. · : Ohio; Illinois, California and even his tage in the present context'' no matter In separate:interviews White: House >home state of Michigan. .. ,; · · what the issues. · aides · indicated that two recent ap.. ·· • Barrin·g a bad break in the economy,

.ue explained whomever the Demo; pointments were expected to appeal ·howe\oer; Mr .. Ford's analysis seems · crats nominated would "have to prove to conservative opinion in the South. wholly right to me. He has established tbat people can trust him." That same One was the nomination of' David Mat- : trust and personal .standing. The coun-reasoning, of course would apply to ,thews, former President of the Uirlver- try feels comfortable with him as any Republican who might challenge sity of AIBibama, to ·be Secretary of President-a claim that . can be made the President in the primaries. Though Health, Education ·and Welfare: The .. for no other possible candidate. In· Mr. Ford didn't mention him by name, ··other was the desigliation of Howard ,: deed,· given the fact that the economy my impression was that 'he did not feel (Bo) Caliaway, ·former Congressman· . is low, that the country has lost a war be faced a serious challenge for the from Georgia, as manager of the Preal.~ and suffered a major scandal, that he Republican nomination from Ronald · dent's Qampugn.' . . . . ', is not . a !brilliant personality, that his Reag·an. _ My own feeling is that Mr. Ford may party' represents a distinct minority

With a littl~ut not much,.-coax; be slightly more vulnerable than he which has been in the· White House ing, Mr. Ford then went on to e¥:uate l~oks now. He himself is·· a conserva- . b'r~e"8ars; lli!i'· ;Pord'.a Chances to his strengths and weakne_sses ~gion .. _,tive Rep\l'b,JicaD.~~,..,.~Hng,~; ~ wtn·tfle campaign OD•wllicll he ii Dow by regjon. He said· be· antlci~ted:.~~May·~·~.bti'posttive.~'?-~ ~: enilla.r~;~~ ~o~ goo~ · trou~ il>:.~e Northea~,'.~~t~_J!ll,I~ .. ~ef~~~-;.~~n_~ ~-~.-~~-' '-~ ... ~ .. .,,"''--'•·"""'~· ·

Mon., July 14, 1975-

Ford Surveys Hi~ Chan«~es, and He Co~es Up Smiling-

BY JOSEPH KRAFT 1--: WASHINGTON-President Ford starts off his campaign for election to the post he inher­ited in a mood of striking confidence. In an in-

-terview with me shortly before his announce-- ment. the President expressed the view that

he held a decisive edge over all possible com-petitors. _

He surveyed the country region by region, - and found the outlook pleasing. In the pro-

--. ,:cess. moreover, he showed that he had been . thinking long, hard and in detail about the coming campaign. _ _ _

Ford pushed the subject himself against a :background of questions having to do chiefly "with his record since last August. Among oth­er things, he said he felt his deeds in the White House had made him "entitled to trust." "People," he said, "know what I've

·done. They know I'm an honest man." -He went OIJ to say that having public trust

was "a major asset in seeking the Presidency.'' -· -He repeated that point, saying that having ,'1public trust was"a big advantage in the pres­:r:ent context," no matter what the issues. - ,He said whomever the Democrats nominat­

ed would "have to prove that people can trust him." That same reasoning, of course, would apply to any Republican who might challenge the President in the primaries. Though .Ford didn't mention Ronald Reagan by name, my impression was that he did not feel he faced a

··serious challenge for the Republican nomina­tion from him.

With a little-but not much-coaxing, Ford went on to evaluate his strengths and

- \veaknesses region by region. He said he anti­cipated trouble in the Northeast. "Not so much in Vermont and New Hampshire. and Maine. But in Massachusetts, and Rhode Is­·1and and Connecticut."

He added, "We may not be so strong in New York City." But he specifically excepted New Jersey, saying it was a "potentially good

, state." - - Thereafter he skipped around among the regions: "In the South we have good support. We're in good shape in the Middle West. In the Rocky Mountain states there are more pluses than minuses. On the West Coast we're OK."

Subsequently, Ford said one of the pluse_s was the new secretary-of _the ~terior, former

- .

Gov. Stanley Hathaway of Wyoming. The President indicated that Rogers C. B. Morton, who was shifted from Interior to Commerce, had gotten hirriself caught in the crossfire be­tween energy producers and environmenta­lists. Ford said Hathaway as secretary of the interior would "strengthen us in the mountain .states." "He's in touch," Ford added, "with their feelings." .

My own feeling is that Ford may be slightly moli'e vulnerable than he looks now. He is a conservative Republican. His handling of the Mayagu~z affair, his positive action on de­fense spending, his crime message and his ve­toes on social spending all suggest that he is now emphasizing his conservative stance.

That impression is further strengthened by the efforts made to run well in the South and the Rocky Mountain states. Moreover, Ford told me that, contrary to reports circulated here and elsewhere, he was going to stick with his present Cabinet, including conserva­tive ideologue William E. Simon as secretary of the treasury.

It seems clear that Ford feels he has the moderate wing of the Republican Party safe­ly in tow. He is moving to bind to his side the party's activist conservatives. That means he will be in poor position to turn toward a sti­mulative fiscal posture should the economy recover only' very slowly.

So. Ford may be in for a rough time, not only in New York but in all the big industrial states. A centrist Democratic candidate who emphasized job issues could give him trouble in New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, California and even his home state of Michi­gan.

Barring a bad break in the economy; however, Ford's analysis seems wholly right to me. He has established trust and personal standing. The country feels comfortable with him as President-a claim that can be made for no other possible candidate.

Indeed, given the fact that the economy is low, that the country has lost a war and suf­fered a major scandal, that he is not a brilli­ant personality, that his party represents a distinct minority that has been in the White House for seven years, Ford's chances to win the campaign on which he is now embarked .~m miraculously good.

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Wliat? Ford Worry (About Jf allace) ?.

Andrew Tully -~

WASHINGTON, - Presid.ent Ford's campaign aides are not just whistling Dixie when they say privately that they are not worried about Gov. George Wallace of -Alabama.

The conventional wisdom among pundits seems to be that if Wallace ran for President as a -thfrd-party choice -he would wreck Ford's chances by col-: lecting a huge chunk of conservative i votes. These experts note that the only: reason Hubert Humphrey ran such a: close race against Richard Nixon in; 1968 was that Wallace cut into Nixon's, support. i

Politically, however, 1968 was a long: time ago. Since then, Wallace has been: paralyzed by a would-be assassin's! bullet, posing the question whether hei would be healthy enough to handle the Presidency's man-killing chores. Even the most ardent Wallaceites have to be concerned about that ques-;

• tion. - i THUS, A,S-the--Ford---~ple see it,!

Wallace Will be even more 'of..~ "pro-: test" carldidate in 1976. That is to' say,: the Wallace voter will be casting his i ballot ( no_t for a candidate he believes i can ~·n but to call down a· plague on i

bot.!!,_ the Democratic and Republican nom1 e

If that- is so, Ford will not be in as bad shape as the Democrats predict. Wal- _ lace's strength is among con-· servatives and nonconformist Popu­lists. Given a choice between Ford, a moderate conservative, and any one of the present Democratic candidates -none of them conservative - the Wal­lace supporters may "play safe and go for Ford.

or: as Ford's campaign chief, How-ard (Bo) Callaway, put it at a recent strategy meeting: "It just doesn't: make sense for a voter to risk electing : a Democratic President just to show 1 his loyalty to George Wallace. The! conservative may not believe Ford is: conservative enough, but he knows. damn -well Ford is more conservativej -than any guy the Democrats can nomi­nate."

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In short, Callaway is banking on the hard fact of political life which_ says the electorate always, if reluctantly, chooses the lesser of two evils. Given. the state of Wallace's health, his sup-

: porters must conside'. whether ~hey c·an afford to waste their vote~ on him.

: Meanwhile, Ford has given his co~­, serva ti ve flank aid and comfort by his ambivalent stand on Vice President

:_Rockefeller .. He heaps high praise on I 'The Rock, but refuses to name him as : '.his running mate next year. Ford has: 1said only that he and Rockefeller h~pe : they can convince the -GOP convention : : to nominate them "individually and as: a· team;"

AND,·- IN case the conservatives didn't get the point, Ford trotted out Press Secretary Ron Nessen the other day to tell reporters that he (Ford) and Callaway _''.are· completely together". on Callaway's __ a1mouncement that the Ford campaign -:will confine its oper-

• ation to nominating only Ford. The • Presideht may _want Rockefeller, but he will not try 1<! force him on the par-

' ty's right wing. _ _ _ --- _ : Indeed, Nessen obviously was_- under · orders. not.' to disagree with. Callaway's : statement that "we. want'! con­: servative support for Ford, whether or: not Rockefeller g~ts· th~t. support. _. /

-- WeU, Presidential politics often 1s a1 cruel business, .and although Gerald' ~'ord is not a cruel man; he is a prac­tical one. Ford may want Rockefeller,: but he is not convinced that he needs: him - not yet anyway. The name of: the game is to elect a Presiden~. andi The Rock will .just have to sweat 1t out,: as Nixon did -in 1956, while Ford spends: the next seyeral months counting i votes left, right and center. "That's i what· I had to do," Eisenhower adm1_t- -

. 'ted . later when -asked about his. delay m anoiiiting-. Nixon. ·-· ·

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- ','>\ ByGodreySperllngJr. · Staff correspondent of

" e Christian Science Monitor .' ' Washington ~e~t Ford now is plotting his strategy -~gpublicfavor. -- _ ~first move will be a State onhe Union m~ which he hopes will capture the SUPJ>.t.8nd imagination of a large segment of Am~. Sources say:

• 'Ii, President will look not just to next Year, liit to goals he feels the United- States shoul~~ieve inthe next four years.

, • HlWillpropose: - ._-:·:·,:_,. ·-:~:c_ --·

I: 1 .. qnational health program (not a nation-

alize.' program). · · 2·; A national welfare program (he may

accept the negative income-tax concept tied in with more federal revenue-sharing for the states>.

3. An expansion of the Food for Peace program - with increased emphasis oii using -· food as leverage in achieving peace. - -

4. A tax program which will emphasize· ~uity_ (taking out tax loopholes) and creating Jobs~ 4 ... •

*Ford fights to regain lost ground, public favor Continued from Page l

5. A defense policy which will include short­term cuts within an overall concept of a big budget he feels is needed in keeping the United States'sguard up; and

6. A proposal for· putting retirement pro­grams <not only social security but also city and personal retirement programs) on a sound basis.

• A close associate and adviser of the President, Melvin Laird, told a group of reporters over breakfast: "I think he [the President 1 is personally working hard on this -message and that this program will be most apparent in this message."

Mr. Laird says he has talked to Mr. Ford about this message and has received this kind of assurance of the President's intentions.

Previously, the President has iildicated there would be no new programs for next year.

Now, apparently responding to both advice and the perceived need to show the public the President has ideas and is leading, Mr. Ford seems moving toward these new programs. ·

• The President also is understood to be convinced his major problem now is "one of communication."

ThuS, Mr. Ford_ is expected to make a greater effort to make his positions clear to the public.

For one, he is known to feel that he helped New York City and New York State in achieving a sound position with regard to fmances - and that he was wrongly faulted in the process for being unfair or even inhuman.

Thus, the President is eXJ)ected to put new emphasis on improving all aspects of his administration's information activities to see to it his ~itions are better understood by the public. _ _ : .

• Those around Mr. Ford describe him as "not being. discouraged" by the Gallup Poll which showed Ronald, Reagan taking a de­cided edge over him in public opinion.

The President does not -discount the poll. But he is said to see it as helpful as well as damaging. That is, he is said to believe the poll will cause his campaign workers throughout the country to work harder at a much earlier moment than otherwise.

Thus, he is said to believe that, conceivably. the poll, in the end, could turn out to be a boon - but only if such efforts in his behalf will cause the next and subsequent polls to show public opinion to _be moving in his direction.

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~rOp RepubliC8ns s :ii . see. Ford·· over .Reaga,. \ But Gallup poll shakes up \ stalwarts, raises dout;ts

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,.,_By Godfrey Sperling Jr. , . StaffcorrespolideritofTheChristianScienceMonitor. /;: · ··.. _ .·· .. ,.

, Washlngtoft<~,, .,(''-Bat when asked who would wm the moat\~iJi·· ·It has been noted that the Gallup poll carriei '· , At the same time a Gallup poll shows President Ford dropplng~~;):Prlniaries, the party leaders said Mr. Ford . a possible error of 6 to 8 percentage points · considerably behind Ronald Reagan in popularity among Republicaifi!Hwowd (73to 10). . ..... • either way. · . voters, 84topstateGOP leaderstoldtheMonitorthey are confident Mr. \ '. In Washington, the Gallup poll has caused a ; Don Adams, state chainium in Illinois, said,

. Fordwillleadtheticketnextyear. . · ! stir. . . , . . "We bave taken polls iri lliinois that don't ': . The findings of the Monitor survey of Republican leaders across the Some highly respec!~ ~bse~ are sa~ · come out ~e same way as the Gallup one:

·United States come at a .time when.the President's campaign finds , the President was fimshed as possible · ours show Ford is stronger than Reagan. We itself being buffeted by: · · · . . . · nominee. Some guessed he would withdraw took one just last week that came out that

,.. • Angry reaction from some of the 300 Republican politicians from i3 , . from the ticket after the first couple of way." · .~ ' . · Southern· states to remarks niade·• by President Ford's campaign primaries. Mrs. Nat U. Hill, national committeewoman

manager,Howard<Bo)CallawayinHouston. 1 . ,· Said one observer: "H ~e loses in New• from Indiana, said Sunday, "I think that the • A strong showing by Ronald Reagan forces at the Houston meeting H~pshire and ~en .l~es m Massaehuset~, President still is . probably stronger than

·· of the Southern Republicans Conference over the weekend. he ll show he can t wm m the North. So he 11 Reagan in Indiana. But I don't discount • Growing Republican pres.gire for the President to veto three bills have to step aside.'' . Reagan's popularity either.'' ,

- on energy, construction-site pickeijilg, apd tax extension reduction But those who know t!te President are . The Monitor survey, backed up by conversa-- which it is believed he would sign. ·· · · · · . · · c~rtain he is far from giVIng up - and ~t ; tions with some of these key leaders in all

, . T. he re<:,ent Gall.up P. oll :- based on.the. customar. y small preprimary e~n if he suffers some eai:ly defeats, he _willl' geographical regions, provides this pi~tilre.of ; , sampling, showed that Mr; Reagan was favored over Mr. Ford, 40 . stick on through the full Jlrimary ~ess if he . GOP leadership views on the presidential ~, percent to 32 percent. A poll in October indicated Mr: ~or~ luul 45 possibly~· · . . . . . ·nomination. . .·. >percent to Mr. Reagari's28percent. ·••. · _;.' .. _.. · . · ._. The official presi~enbal_VI_ew IS, of course,, ·.There are growing doubts among the

In the Monitor sampling of top GOP officialS, 153 questionnaires were.':!! that he is goi~ to wm. But it IS known that the _leaders over the prospect of the President sent <to all Republican state chairmen. and .national com~ittee!llen and , " G~l':1P pall ~d. shak_e up some top peoi>_le emerging as the winner. · ·

.. women) and more than 66 percent. (100) responded. NU1e c:lis!lgreed . within his admims~ation. -. · . , There were 38 who said "yes" to the with the majority and the remainder were undecided. · . · · . "Polls are _ nuunly valuab~e m showmg question: "Is it possible that Reagan will

The Monitor survey was conducted in the same period of the Gallup movement not m showing prec1:9ely ho~ mu~h build up momentum in early primaries and .:_poll - since the President's top-level administration shifts were inade. that movement may be," said presidential become unstoppable later on; 45 said "no,"

The GOP leaders see the President winning the New Hampshire adviser Robert Hartmann. "We were not the remainder were undecided. . primary (they divided 48 to 34 with the remainder Undecided). They~ ·11urpN.ed that there was movement t_oward • Most of these leaders, in past surveys, see Mr. Reagan Winning the Florida primary (55 to 26). ....... Reagan at this time. But we v:er~ s~nsed at have expressed a loyalty to the President.

.·.'how much mo~ment the poll mdicatea. • But an increasing number of these key '''But this poll was taken a year before the Republicans are raising questions about the

election, You can look back and see how often President's campaigri organization. Campaign such polls, so far in advance, have been director Callaway is under incr~ing criti­wrong. Also one poll does not make a summer. cism as was seen in Houston. We are hopeful the next poll will show , • As shown in several surveys, these lead-movement toward the President. ers continue (or many of them do) to fault the

"The President has said that he expects to '.President for his frequent traveling. They continue right on - and that he expects to ~ill I\ think he would do better politically if he would both the nomination and the election." · · stay·· .closer to home, showing voters he is

giving full time to domestic problems. ·

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·WASHINGTON-NobOdy can·~~er be al- impact of Mayaguez is already slipping. Simi- 1

together sure about that unknown god to larly with Ford's mastery over Congress. ! whom we all burn incense, public opinion. At the moment, he is using Congress as a ·

· But, as a disparity between the latest Gallup foil to show his leadership, particularly on the and Harris polls suggests, there is something energy issue. But if Ford forces his way, he

·' peculiarly uncertain and insubstantial about will hurt the economy, thus reducing his · President Forc!'s standing in the country. long.term standing. Jf he compromises with ·

c: It is not at all clear that Ford ean square Congress, as seems inevitable, the impact of public support with responsible government his strong stand will be dissipated. .

.·over a long period. It is far from clear, as What this means to me is that Ford is basi­

. Widely supposed, that he can beat any Demo- cally vulnerable. He has a wide acceptability; crat in next year's election. . nobody seems to hate him. But he has not · For the moment, to be sure, fortune favors established hi~~elf. solidly in p~blic favor, Ford. His election campaign is off and run- · and_ the probab1hty 1s that he wont be able to fiing smoothly. The worst part of the reces- . d~ 1t. For the country wants more than Mr .

. siOn is over. Nice Guy . .. ~ ·· . . . . To be sure, you can't beat somebody with :. He has Con~ess on the defensive. An ~~ter- nobody. And Ford looks better now than any un settlement m. the Near Ea~t see~s h ely. Democrat. But a year from now the right At t?e end ?f thi~ w~ek he_ will beg_m an ~x- Democrat could beat him. And just who, pray ,ten~1ve foreign trip (mclu~mg meetings ;1~h tell, is the right Democrat? Well, against a SoVI~t party le~der Leorud I._ Brezhne .m President with so small a reservoir of public ~.eJ:lmki) that will almost certainly show him support, the right Democrat could be Hubert ~:~ advanta~e.. . . . . Humphrey or Birch Bayh or Frank Church or

But if events are working for the President, Henry Jackson or Edward Kennedy or Ed­; the public seems unresponsive to the trend. A· mlind Muskie or any one of a dozen others. : Qallup poll, concluded June 30, shows that Ford is gaining in popularity and enjoys a ··

. 5.2% favorable rating in the country. A Harris 1>9II, concluded IO days later, breaks with the uormal pattern of similar findings; it shows Ji'grd declining in popularity, and having only­~-:46% favorable rating.

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'-'Statistical flukes could explain the disparity. ilut one of the smaller 'pollsters, Peter Hart, has fresh results suggesting that Ford is mov­ing down. According to Hart, recent polls of a htghly representative Midwestern state give the President only a 36% favorable rating. "'Even assuming that Gallup is right ·and , Harris wrong, however, Ford cannot be said · iO be doing well. A 52% favorable rating is

The Shiikjr Polls: a Mr. Ri~~t to Beat Out<Mr~ Nice Guy? ·

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relatively poor for a President. · ·:•For example, President Nixon, except for a 'brief period in 1971, -stayed well above the 50% approval mark all through his first term.

.He was over 60% when he ran for reelection, 'and hit nearly 70% at the time of the Viet­Ha.m settlement. -~'·;The contrast between Ford and Nixon sug­g~tS a change in the basic climate of opinion. Watergate· combines with a general sense of ·~enation and poor economic performance 11\rer a long period to take its toll. The Pres-

. idency is much less popular now than it used 'to.be. ' .·. . . . . - . ='.Moreover, there is the curious impact of the lJajaguez affair. Before that incident, Ford's ~ding in the . country had been trending

. steadily down. Swift action to rescue the cap-~\ired ship reversed the ·trend· in .~th the . G~up and Harris polls. -

0 That an event so trivial ii1 importance and • So ambiguous in character could have had •

1

such impressive public opinion results also ' · says something-·about the general climate. It '

·,...,suggests that the country is.hungry for lead- • · · 'i:rship. Any assertion of authority is preferred

over mere drift and confusion . . '-!fut limited actions to-~'fe the impreSsion of

leadership do not have enduring results. The -

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.• BY JULES WITCOVER •. · '· The WaShington Post

\\7ASHINGTON-President Ford's 1976·campaign manager Wednesday pointedly identified Vice President

· Rockefeller as a liability in the job of obtaining the broadest possible sup- . port for'lvlr. Fo-rd's nomination as the Republican candidate next year.

·With a candor in keeping with :\Ir: Ford's promise to run "an open and aboveboard campaign.''- Howard H.

· (£!6) Calla\.\·ay, the. Ford ·campaign . manager. acknowledged that running

:Vlr. Ford and Rockefeller as a 197G team could hurt the President's !:'hances of wooing a\vay Republicans \VDO- might be attracted to the im-

_,e.endi.ng: C$lndidiJ-CY '-~W~lll~hG,?.\·. ; .. ~011ald Reagan o( Califonn~~. ><;;:q :.J'?'AJot 9f fl:~~g~n people are ,_n_qt

~ ~ngtltS UI:imti Thurs.,· July 10, 1975

··supporters of Rockefeller," Callaway tion for the President.

. 'Ir_ I I \;'

said, "and I wantit clear to them that ''The Rockefeller and Ford cam-we want their support (for the Pres- paigns are separate campaigns." Cal-ident) whether they support Rocke- . !away said. "I'm not authorized to say feller or not." - we're going to dump Rockefeller. I'm ~allaway, at an open house at the not authorized to say we're going to

new headquarters of the President keep Rockefeller. Ford Committee in Washington. said "I'm asking no delegates to support he ·believed he was acting with Mr. Rockefeller. As I understand the

··Ford's approval in that approach. .President's position. they're· free to He emphasized that it was not his support anyone they want (for Vice

intention to undercut Rockefeller: President) in an open convention. I · -'.vhom the President has called his don't even know if that's what Rock-

- p~rsonal choice as a rul)ning mate in efeller wants to do. He might want to 1976. · be something else in government, or

Although .Mr. Ford and Rockefeller .out of government. _, are a team in the current Administra- "I'm nottrying to start speculation. lion. Callaway, (ormer secretary of. the President.certainly doesn't want. the Army, said. they. are _"not one. to build disloyality. to the Vice Pi:e_~­team" for 1976 in the __ e,£~s__fil_1h_9~e_ idenl." · ·.· .· · · · responsible for obtaining, th¢.:µoj:ll~3.~:C <;. 'When--icild. or C<illaway'n•emarks "

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Press Secretary Ron Nessen referred reporters to Mr.· Ford's statement of June 16 in which he expressed "gre.at admiration" for Rockefeller and added: .

''Both of us in these coming months will be submitting ourselves to the will of the delegates at the Republi­can National Convention. I am con­fident both of us can convince the delegates that individually and as a team we should both be nominated."

··· · The Vice President. told in Atlanta of Callaway's remarks, said he was in total agreement with him.

"VVe' see eye to eye. and that's the way it should be," Rockefeller said. "The nomination. is for President. When he's nominated, he decides whom he wants to be his Vice Pres­ident." Rockefeller said he was "not a I

.. candidate'' .and .-asl,ced:., __ ~J:Iave_ .1.0U · ' e':er heard of anyorie;'iiiniling', for,.: .Vice Presi.Q!!n~J:'.:"'. ;~:.:L::1JK .: -;~: .. Ii.<

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)F' :'I:fLc(lijJb6nt in,;Jiple ()f Ufiff;'tfrGa'g,·1 ;;m_ .1~y'~tmusTOPHER. LJf~_~;; .: :~~:t~;· r~;:~f :~~e~~~;sa:~i I . -I~ QI uestion of LegitPima~.dveLt--r1.\a~~~~l;t\~~soF~;Jusf~~~$r~ddoi , . - - -·-"''' · .-- 1 n arge measure rcs1 ... , lb'[)' ·_ gy investment an

_:•,: special to Th• New York Times • .o-' ~ontinually expresses conf1:_ I Ford's d1'ff1'culties reflect hciw I ion ekner . ( c11'ed i·n -:· · - · - - - · . an attac on crime cou - WASHINGTON, De~. ~1- '1ence. ~~at_ ~e 1mpro.vmg e:.?~: .. ~e got ~o the Whi.te Hous.e: He I constitutional lan~age about

President Ford's campa1Jln i;tan, omy wtll ·enhance his pos1t10A. -1~ the first ~an e\e_r to win lus !"domestic tranquility") as ma­a key adviser says, is 'Jo:~~& r.ext ye_ar, feels enoughkinship l~~ by appointment -:~by a~- joz: themes of the 1976 c;a_m­be'st President he know-s~how.~ W.itli the late Harry S. Trum'an po_mtmen~. moreover, f,o~ t e pa1gn, but he ~as n.ot yet g1ve.n _ . ~· '"-"~'--- _________ . - - - - -- - - -- : . first P~es1dent ever to. quit the these the Presidential emphasis His central campaign prob~µl. ~other . beleaguered, a~1- office m the fa~e of impeach- needed to build an issue. the same counselor adds, may denta\ Pres1de~t who was wide. ment and i~1~ent remo\:al. Earlier this fall he roused ~e­be an impatient public's sen~e I:r·wnten ?ff m the 1948 elec- From .t~e begmmng a quest10n lpublicall audiences .in the hm­that through 16 months of his 1 ~1on:-to d1splar a Truman bust_ of leg1t1m~cy has hung over the 1 terlands with promises. not to

.-.. d t 1 term Mr Ford has , m hts Oval Offace and to evo~e: Ford Presidency. _ _ _ , "bail out New York City, but acci en a · - · ·. he !the Truman memory rn! But in large _measure, too;\ then he sealed New York's been the best Preside~t . speec~es a:nd ~onversations. ~~me of_ ~r. F<?rd's closest! package, of self-help taxes w!th knows ho~. : _.,, . . :· , - _ Therr s!tuat10ns, however, Jn ends attr1?ute .his tro~bles t~ 1 a proposal to advance the city :;Mr. Ford's pecuhar adva~- are not qu.1te pai:allel: .Mr. Tru" !the "unpres1dential Pres1den?y' •

1 $2.3 billion worth of loans.

tage in a •large field of Pres1- man, des~1te sphts with somelof a man who n~~er saw h~· 1 The Ford camp<i:ign. to the dential candidates is that. he Democratic: leaders,_ was the self as an executive, who until : degree it can be viewed imart : . d - t tage as the overwhe!mmg favo!-1t~ of vot-Jtwc;> . years ago P!a!1ne~ to be from his Presidency. has ~hown comm~n. s cen ~r s - ers in hls own maionty party.•retmng from politics m 1976 outsiders- and many fmndlv campaign curtam goe~ up .. In Mr. Truman's popularity dipped!after what would have been 28 'Reoublicans a similar lack of his State· of the_ Union_ and precariously in 1948, but in the!years in Congress. _ .1strategic assurance. budget messages next month, last Gallup Poll of the pre·elec-. "Gerald Ford is not the sort·! In pickina a campaign man-he will write 'the_ agenda of tiori year he had the approval' of person who inspi:es you," ,ager. as- in"' staffing his White ( official business and have_ a of 55 percent of the country- one_ of his early White House 'House, Mr. For:d reach~::! bac:k

- if f - the nubli about 15 percentage points; ass1stai:its remarked last week •. t_Q __ a Congressional· friendship ;;,iance to _ e me . -. ~'\7 ~-$1tn Mr. Ford has at the: more m, sorrow_ than anger. -for former. Representau_ve Ho~-!

,., bate for the commg.ye •,,,,: ~-ol ~i5 year. - - _ :"The hope for his success has 0aro H. Callaway of Georgia,: ( ~* )'et Mr. Ford's pecuharly ~ ':/~.'(. '-.,ri_i>rd's situation is un- b~n ~hat somewher:e d.eep in- impeccably conservative and: L ', 'lonal disadvantage, starltlY~~ ll.'llra.i!J_~I¢ in another way. : side hun he has the mstmcts of briefly. a jolt to Reagan sup-, ~iflnhis--owiipoils; iS:_~ ,1'.h_e __ ~lpgan and the substan-!a leader. None of us has reason

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P()rt.ers iri the South, but ot~er-~: ··eems to many Ameri ·• "- tfve, conte~t of Mr.• For.d's State: t() ex_ pect th!it, c:ir,,to condemn I ~1se unkn<!wn and unknov.:mg; te~"Pr 'd t· 1 .. th .- al of the> Union Message are yet:h1m for lacking 1t. m the special world of nomma-, . ss _ esi .en la . an riv s i to be written, as-.Robeit T.i The other pos~ibility was!tion politics. . - i m_ both ma1?1" parties. An un-, Hartmann, the President's po-, that he had the nght general [ ·Mr. Ford's f1rst·deputy cam-: elected President, he ·has not litical _ adviser and speech sense of ~he coUI~try and could paign manager, Lee Nunn <?f; yet, in the opinion of many, writer, flew today to the Virgin get a h1gh-quahty staff that Kentucky, quit in anger;. his i answered the -questions that Islands, V.:ith a suitcase full.~nderstood what the Pre~dency' first chief fund :aise:. Da';d ~· i sitting Presidents usually use of suggestions, to work on a 1s all abo~t. Inste.ad he s sur- Packard <If Cahforrua, quit m'

. . - speech. rounded himself with people he silent -frustration. But those are· agamst challengers. Is he com~ _Possible Scope of Speech f.eels comfortable with, and only two examples of the some-• petent? Does he measure up to - . . - h · th they've _ brought second-rate times mutinous acrimony that the office? Other advise:s ope .e people with them. He's tried to. has been a mark of the Ford

Entering his first election race speech fcanh prov1d~ a strate~1c1move the House minority lead- .campaign. Unlike Presidents outside his old House district ma~ 0

.. ~. e year 5 c~~~gn er's office up to 1600 Pennsyl- who. have fought their way to

agamst ig governmten · ~Y vania Avenue, . and· it ju5t the White House Mr. Ford also want to presen concre e. doesn't wash" · h' b ' d f

·Presi'denti'al Candidates legislative initiatives includingi . • · lacks .1s own an o comd-some form of national healthi Ratings m Gallup Polls rades '~ arms, pro:red an _

-First in ·a series insurance, sweeping welfare! The public's appreciation of bonded m past campaigns. · _ . _ _ _ reform and perhaps a "nega- the Ford Presidency, as meas- Criticism by 2 AUies · ·

in_ Grand Rapids, Mich., Mr;, tiv!' income tax," an expa_nde~1 ured in ~allup approval ratin.gs, Melvin R. Laird, Jong a Ford F()rd appears to be on weaker _F_ crO_d fo~ Peace progra!", mno j~eg_lll1_ Wlth RI!, unc;ommonly.h1gh ally in the House R~pubhcan footing than any incumbent vauon m transportation and -homymoon, .slipped quickly leadership, keeps smpmg at

. . . - . - and,.,energy development, a.n~on the news. of the pardon for Mr. Callaway, for example. "! Pres1dent1al candidate smce more generous Social Secunt former President Richard M. - h · -tte w·1r H d T ft · 191'1' · - hope t e campaign comm1 e _ 1 1a'.11 owa: _ . a . m ,..., ;. ))en-efits: __ _ -~- Nix_on, recovered b,riefl}'. . last can get organized and get mov--He 1s now v1e~ed m the Gal•• . Mr: H~~nn says on.ly that -~nng at Mr. Fords military ing," Mr. Laird commented last

'

Poll and- amo-n_g m-any of h-iil- it will be a broad. view_. Qf·-- 1rescue .. o-f the ~erchant_ sh--1p week,_. six months after Mr. w:R ublican politicians~- one whole range of thin~ Mayaguez, and .dipped toward Callaway got started. In the ep . _ .-_. -- , do.wn the road, a general phi· \40 percent agam last month same vein Representative Bar­

. ~nd~rdog _ ~r his_ party'.J losophical statement,, about,ilfte~ the ?resident's reshuffle ber B. co'nable Jr. of upstate! matlon ~gamst Ronald ~i ~ere we want t~ go. . · - ~'!f__.:__~--~~met. _ ______ _ _ _ New_ York, another friend of!

~~· the articulately cons~"-' -.'. ~s on~ campaign. aid~ wb!> f- Incre~mgly, 1t has, seemed Mr; -i"<>rct's, was quoted last;

~--.• -~-,t-- _______ --.--: -----_------ :----._---- +-~,;---:/ has ~_tud1ed the Pres1den-ts pn- rthat relief_ at Mr. Ford~ tr-ans- -week as_ s·ayi-·ng, "The count-ry I v~ former GOvemor oL C:ili;:;i ~ate·polls obs~rved last week, I parent personal, decency has still views'him as the guy who rnia. If he wins that battie"lb~ 'There are still an awful lot , been. off~ ;not only by eco, ~Jilling : the gap between

i. d - sh-. • ki - · -- · . . · ity of of .people, at least half the I nonuc anxieties but also by the Wafei'gate and the next elec-ea a. n~ _ ng minor _ voters, who say they, don't I Administration's confused .pol-. ··· .. - _ _ __

Repubhcans mto. t}l,e _fall_ elec-_ 1m-0w very much about Geral~ icy signals. . . ,Upn. • - -t_. ion,_ he_. will face the n_ew_ lead" Ford and .what he stands for, .

1

. M.r .. J'.or?'s firs~ ma10.~ domes-.er of a -Democratic Party that Whe~er 1t represents hope ~r\ tic 1mt1atiye, a 'WIN buttonJ · -- · - - - . - .- . -- -- - - ~ despair; that assessm~nt is and a tax-mcr.ea~e pr~posal d~j ~ows tentative signs _.~f:_heal surely -unprecedented m the! signed·.to "whip mflat1on now,

1

_mg and renewed .conf1denc~ . long record of Presidents who11turned 'into a tax-cut proposali after two Presidential def ea.ts;" set out to exte~d their l~ase_ en· a?dresSeCl •_to ~onom!c stagna-f In the .meantime he faces a the nation's highest office. uon.- At vanous times Mr.· hostile ·nemocratic i:ongreS:S 'in · - - · ~re - of ·the daily.J)attles 1.1

~o_i;newon, some lost.1n_the ~ ~~ that have so far failed -~ s'nlmatize his y,ision for ~ c "'.I ,. Qntry. -- - '

Ca By PHILIP SHABECOFF

Special to The New York TJmes

WASHINGTON, Jan. 12 -With the national election campaign building up a head of steam, the White House is I developing a kind of applied ! schizophrenia - sometimes the J

occupant ·is Presi­dent Ford and

News sometimes he is' Analysis Candidate Ford.

This split person-, ality is of very'

practical significance: As Presi­dent, Mr. Ford finds that his travels are paid for out of the public purse. But as a candidate, he has his travel' expenses picked up by his cam­paign committee under the new election law. .

The law also provides that a Presidential candidate must spend no more than $10 miHion plus $2 million for raising funds ~efore the nominating: convention.

But there is .no limit, except that provided by the Federal budget, on how much Mr. Ford may spend on his travels when he is being Presidential. The, problem, therefore, . is what' standards are applied to de- 1

termine when he is. being politi-1 cal and. when he is beingj Presidential. .

Today, for example, Ron Nes.: sen, the White House press!' secretary, announced that Mr. Ford would make a political trip to New Hampshire on Feb, 7 and 8. The n ation's firs Presidential primary will be held, in t hat state on Feb. 24. ' Mr. !Nessen said it· was the first , planned political trip of Mr. Frd's campaign. .

· Why is it a political trip? "Because t he President is c lea ly going to New Hampshire: to campai!ln for himself," Mr.j

, Nessen s aid. . , :

''' Political Speech? ~ - ' I A week ago, Mr. Ford flew .

to St. Louis to address a meet· . ing of the National Farm Bure- • au 'Federation. In his speec,h, he made a number o f f ar-reac ' ing promises to help farmers I and farm income and told his tHE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, JANUARY IJ. audience that he stood for such . , . . . , , things as "hard fruitful work," d "d t d p "d t' "basic mor~lity" and • 'depen- ·n 1 a e an res1 en ' dable quaht1es." · , :

A· number of farmers in the ~ · · ~ ·· · : audience interviewed a fter the • • • . I b d' 1

address thought they had !is· A Fine Line Dividesi en ~ng ov_er ~ackward to do tened to a political speech. But • ;the right thmg. . the trip to St. Louis was desig- 2 Categories of ~he White House co~nsel's nated by the White House as · · office has also taken pams to a Presidential rather than poli- Travel Cos.ts face the new restrictions tical event and was paid for squarely. Philip W. Buchen, le-· by the public. gal counsel to the President,;

"The President di.dn:t ask the event advertised? A second I Wf<?t~ to the commission ex-: for votes and he d1dn t ask wa·s the ettsing of the event-iplammg the plans for com­for. ~money," Mr. Nesson ex- were there Ford banners orl1 plian~e with travel_ ~i.:pense re- . plained . whe!1 asked why. the pictures of elep·hants? The third gulat1ons and sohc1tmg gu1d-; st. LOUIS tnp was not billed 1 · . · / ance. as a campaign expense. i was the contents of the re- But gray areas unmistakably

Robert Visser, general coun- ~arks made by the speaker-labound. For example, when sel of President Ford's cam- /did he as.k for v~tes or money? J President Ford was vacationing paign ·committee, stated the Mr. Fiske. said that thes'e in Vail, Colo., over Christmas standards used a little . more , tests were ,still very broa~ ~nd I week, a . niteclub owner there broadly. • a'!lorph?us The comm1ss10n gave a dinner in his honor.

"We have two tests," he will build up stan~ards on a The same host also sent out; said. "One is the '.1-dvoc~cy test cas~ ,by case. basis ~ com-, ~olicitatio for contri~uti~ms to'.·. -is \he advocating ~s own pl'.11.nt~ come m or. on its ~wn many of the people mv1ted to' candidacy?· The other is · f~nd !?1tiat1ve, , he sa1d, add mg, the dinner.· , : raising-is he out there ra1smg There are e,normous gray : ·Was it a fund-raisin a dinners' money on his own behalf." areas." If so; should the Ford ~ampaign:

Because this is the first Pres- Not Total Guidance committ have paid for part • idential election to be cooouct- He said that. over the Ion of the trave! expenses5 . · ed under the new rule1, Mr. run "The ·s tern ha bg The President and his com· Ford's actions are likely to set seJf'.governirrr. There iss n~o wa; mi!tee . did not thi_nk so. The an important precedent for how a government a enc an . Vail tnp was considered Pres­the campaign law is to be tota·I guidance ,. g Y c give ident.ial and paid for entirely admi_nistered in the . fut~re- One exam pie of self-regula- by the ,public' . . provided the law, which 1s be· tion was demonstrated by the . Most con:imentators. 10clud­ing ex'.ll"ined by the Supreme Ford campaigncommittee late mg ~r. Visser .at the Ford court, 1s not struck down. last year 'ft th Pr. .d campaign comm1tte concede

At the Federal Electi~n Co~- traveied · t: ~~sto e esi ~n~ that the election law gives an mission, where the 1aw is adm1- was n on w a advantage to the incumbent. nistered, there is an awareness t . suppose_d to have been In. an election year, almost any­that the decisions reached dur- a rip to ra.ise funds for t~e thmg a candidate does it politi­ing this election will establish state Repuhhcan committee !n cal, .including t official acts a kind of common law for Massachusetts.As such, the trip of candidates·. itlready in office. the conduct of future cam- should hav.e been ~har~ed to But, from the point of \';~,,: paigns. th~ Repu~hcan N. ational Com-,of the Ford campaig;i commit-

A spokesman for the com- mittee. · . . tee at least, that is now ::i fac: mission, David Fiske, said th~t . Bu~ Mr. Ford, . growm~ m- of life, not an::ither obstacle t'.: it had applied three tests m cre~smgly exoan:sive d~trmg 11· the Pres!dent's c2moaign. determining whether an event series . of cocktail parties ~nd "We can't step th'.! Presid·c'1'• should be. charged to an indivi- · receptw~s, started. talking from talkin):! about what h's dua'l candidate or could be con-· '.'-bout his ~wn candidacy la~e policies are." Mr. Viss~r said sidered the official business of in the. evening. A.fterward. his "If every time he went on ~ an incumbent. campaign committee volun- tl"ip and said something tha~

I. One tes.t . w~s :'the nature i teered to pay f?r a p~rt of could be political were charged

o1f the sohc1tat1on' -how was •the cost of that tnp. , to us, we'd be out of busines$1 ' "We are being verv conserva- in three months." '

·· tive," Mr. Visser "said. "We . Meanwhile, he said, "we are l are aware that the President acting by feel as to what is i ia. in the spotlight and we are appropriate and reasonable." !

••

~~n~!:~~~:~~r~t•• Preident Ford's attempt to

stake i~ut a cautious political middl~ ground for himself on the e:tplosive issue of abortion has l)ackfired; bringing him criticlism from both pro- and .anti-abortion groups and disaglreement with his wife, Bett)t

Art!hbishop Joseph L. Bermilrdin of Cincinnati, the

. head/ of the nation's ~oman Catholic bishops who are pushing for a ban on abortion in must circumstances, called the !President's position on the issute "inconsistent and disappointing."

\'li>men's rights advocate Gktia Steinem accused the President of encouraging "lar.vlessness" by saying that he tlisagrees with the Supreme Col.Irt's 1973 abortion decision.

L~nd Mrs. Ford, in a· st<;tement released by her of~ce, reaffirmed her support forP the court decision. "I am

. gl<1d to see that abortion has be!!n taken out of the back­woods and been put in the ho~pitals where it belongs,'.' she said. · ·

.~Ii · of this · occurred yefiterday in the wake of the Prlesident's carefully worded sthtement Tuesday !hat he

' beflicves the Supreme Court's rl<ilcision on abortion "went too fair"' and that he would support a j constitutional amendment gifving the states the right to enact their own abortion r~ulations.

I lt was . clear from the r~action that Mr. Ford's self­die scribed "moderate" ~Mosition was satisfactory to rti~ither side in the emotional albortion dispute that is rjapidly becoming a maJor -i~;sue in · this year's 1iwesidential campaigns. - -

I The court·· decisfon · '·fhe ~resident says . werit too far ~ves women an unrestricted· 1~ght to abortion during the 1.first three months of ,PTegnancy and allows states

_ ~o regulate only the medical !aspects of abortion during the second three months of pregnancy. In the final three months, states may still ,g.utlaw abortions except those. necessary to preserve ,the.· mother's life or health. ·>.·•. • ·-.

., . . ·.'

' ~ Former California G~~.­Honald Reagan, Mr. Ford's rival for the Republican presidential nomination, has already taken the position liavored by pro-life groups, r:alling for a constitutional . ;a-­amendment that .would in i' •ilffect overturn the court ·~ec1 ision and allow abortioru>, _ . . •e·n y in certain circumstances, ~or example in cases of 1;1regnancy resulting ·from\ Ifape. . · __ - '

I In his ~tatement Tuesday, I 11e President specifically Of>posed such a constitutional aJmendment, saying that fa his v~ew it would, like the court c'A~ision itself, "go too .far." ·• 1~hat in turn, gained hini the ctimity of the pro-life groups · W\'lich may now be expected to-•· sr·ing toward Reagan in the. (,fJp primaries. - ·- -

t}'he pro-life March for Lif~ ,; g1~up, for example, said it···· wt:rnld accept "no com-plJ>mise" on the issue. ·

t'The President is trying to ~ltaddle this politically hot JsSJe by what he characterizes­a~ a moderate position," the g1toup said in a statement. "He e!~ablishes so many loopholes thtit he achieves a position of dei facto abortion on demand."

!The group issued its stutement, which also d•ilscribed the. President's '· comment on the· issue as "so m!jgative and equivocating thlat it is useless," as the Ht/Juse Judiciary Committee's Ci?vi I and Constitutional R~~hts subcommittee opened t\\io days of hearings on pr&oposed constitutiona I an; endments to modifythe co1Ht's abortion decision ... :.·

1a/hile the President faiku .o P!<use the pro-life groups with !ii~ statement, he was equally mdffective in gaining support fro1n women's rights groups am~ other advocates of liberal ab<~"tion laws. These groups beHAeve what Mr. Ford sugngested - turning the ab~tion issue over to the stares - would result in the enatctment of restrictive state abc"'tion laws that in many castEis would nullify the court's de~sion.

'Ifhe National Women's Political Caucus, describing it.Sfi!C as "extremely d1slnayed" by the President's statement, said Mr. Ford's position is ''clearly regiressive." · ·

S1rah Weddington, -one of thC» lawyers who successfully ariued the abortion case be ore the Supreme Court, Qll. ~ it a step backward that \vtlllld reintroduce the sit.Mtation in which abort ions· wcluld be denied to "the poor, untJC!ucated or young" while "\4omen of wealth could travel. .. to a state where the 'a1111 was more liberal."

i I

I

SH01

_;·· ,-, .. *

1:_,, /·__ /. ----__ · - -" --· ·- ·-··------- . -

lPre~ident:lavors letting each state establish . . .

When Mr. Ford criti-*FORD :continued from Page One

policy, Daniel P. Moyni­han, resigned Saturday ,with the announced goal of returning to a Harvard .professorship.

On busing, Mr. Ford did not specifically cite the Boston court orders of US District Court Judge W. Art~ur Garrity Jr.

-cized the Boston and Louisville busing orders last fall, · an aide said he was trying to "send a mes­.sage" to other Federal . judges considering deseg- · regation cases to go easy _ on busing because it was a divisive tool.

But he was apparently thinking of last week's limited court order for busing in Detroit. Last Friday, the President told_ some radio and television executives: ·

"I think the courts them­selves are beginning to find some better answers. They have implemented, beginning this last week, a modified plan in the city of Detroit and to my

k"nowledge there has been a minimum of difficulty.

''Now what happened -was the original order of two or three years ago was a very harsh order, it called for massive busing; not only in the city of De­troit but in the county of Wayne. A- new judge took jurisdiction of that prob­lem."

Mr. Ford continued: ~'He modified the court

order, modified it very substantially, and appar­ent'ly it is working. So I think some good judge­ment on the part of the courts following the gilidelines set forth in what is called the Esch Amendment is the proper way to treat the problem."

·The President's remarks in praise of the Detroit de­cision represent the first time since last fall he has commented on Federal judges and busing.

Regardilllg Reagan, the right-wing challenger to his nomination. Mr. Ford said.that while the two are similar philosophically, he must, by virtue of his job, employ "practical day-to­day answers."

_Without naming Reagan, he continued:

"Some man who is run­ning for office can use words to exyress how he's going to meet a problem whether it is domestic or foreign and that (are)

· sometimes totally unreal when you have to deal with the actual problems that come to this desk."

White House Press Sec­retary Ron Nessen ran into a storm of criticism yesterday for his handling of the exclusive interview granted CBS. Nessen eventually reversed his field,.and after refusing to release to the press the -exact wording of President

·- Ford's stand on abortion, instructed an aide to re­lease to reporters a hastily typed two-page section of transcript relating only to that topic.

.He added, "I think the - courts ought to follow these guidelines." _

·The Esch -' Amendment w~s ·:adopted -by .Congress arui signed into law by Mr. Ford. It urges that. busing bl!~the last recourse·-in at­temP.tirig.' to·, deliver equal •. public educaticin-to l)lackS as well as whites. - ...

While Nessen had re­leased official 'transcripts of many other presidential interviews, such .as the one given two weeks ago to seven New Hampshire edi­tors, he chose yesterday, after Cronkite's- interview .. to . announce a . "White House ' decision" . that henceforth transcripts of

/ ' .J.

.·QJ --~

~ c:r .... S:: r

"' .... '< _ ...

Ford holds narrowlead as Reagan gains steadily Ronald Reagan has

gained steadily on Presi­dent Ford in the contest for the GOP nomination. According to the most re­cent Harris Survey, the President only holds a 46-44 percent lead over the former California gover­nor.

HARRIS SURVEY changed from the 46-38 percent edge he had back in the November-Decem­ber period.

54-41 percent lead among conservatives. up slightly from the 50-41 . percent 1

edge he had back in No- i

These latest findings emerge from a test con­ducted among a solid

. cross-section o( 1710 Re­publicans and indepen­dents nationwide.

Within these overall trends, there are some sig­nificant regional differ­ences in the standings be­tween President Ford and Reagan. In the East, where the first New

FORD REAGAN

Harnpshii:e primary will be held, the President holds a 47-40 percent lead, which has scarce!:;

By contrast, Reagan is ahead in the South, where the equally pivotal Florida primary will be held, by a 50-44 percent margin. This

· is a turnaround from the November,..December read­ing, when the Presi­dent was ahead in the South by 50-38 percent.

In the Midwest, Presi­dent. Ford has gained marginally and is ahead . by 49-40 percent. But in the West, · Reagan edges out the President by a47-45 percent margin.

Reagan holds a decisive

. I vember and December.' But the President is ahead ~ !J~ 49-39 percent among I middle-of-the-road Re- r

publicans and indepen- ! dents. , '

President Ford has a substantial lead among' three other groups, all of! whom also tend to vote 1n ! substantial numbe.rs; I Among the college edti-, cated, he is ahead by a] wide 52-41 percent; I among profession2ls. by ' 48-44 percent an<l a~r.ong

1

;

business executi ve1';· ty ·41J-""--40 percent. ·

. . -~~,

national campaign chiefs ""i

~mg over Flor~da primary bid instructions to help Frer - and a private mandatlt to take charge during the five weeks left before the March 9 primary.

By Walter R. Mears Associated Press

ORLANDO, Fla. President Ford's national campaign managers are taking command of his Florida presidential pri­mary operations . in a shakeup they hope will end bickering. and strengthen the organiza­tion for a key test with Ronald Reagan.

At this point, they be­lieve the Republican race is close, but they are not satisfied with their Florida campaign ..,- despite the claim of their state chair­man that everything is in top shape.

Indeed, it is as though Mr. Ford had two cam­paigns going in ·Florida: The one his top lieuten­ants are worried about, and the one his state allies sav is a sure winner. ~'We think we've got it

locked up," said Rep. Lou

REP. LOUIS FREY . . . confident of win

Frey J:r., who has been commuting between his House duties in Washing­ton and his chairman's tasks in Florida.

That is not the view at Mr. Ford's national head­quarters. Strategists there concede there. are serious problems in the Florida campaign. "It's late, but it's not desperately late," one said.

Hence the decision to send in a new team, with

Frey had ·asked for more manpower and a full-time, experienced campaign ex-

• pert. "We need somebody to make sure we're doing it right," he said.

The man who'll do that starting this week, is Wil­liam Roberts, 50, a Lm Angeles political consul­tant. Roberts · manageci Reagan's first campaign for governor of California.

Frey remains chairman, and Mr. Ford has praised his performance.

The Florida primary will be the second major test between Mr. Ford and Reagan, who meet first in New Hampshire Feb. 24. Reagan is bypassing the March 2 primaries in Ver­mont and Massachusetts, and concentrating on Flor­ida.

Fri., July ll, 1975 Li a~Q?l~s a!intts ._

·------

Reagan: lov~t. Def ec\or Views

Both Give Positions i Shift to Ford on tr1e

RICHARD BERGHOLZ BY !Teal writer Times Po••

. . in Ronald Reagan. "We natl a hero f him and he

, V c worked hard or But now we ' i governor. Pr made a grea bent Republican es-have an mcum ty dutv to sup-.dent. We have a .par . l . " f port him .. ' hcraft's way o ex-

It was Nita ~s longtime volun-p\aining why. a\a former gowrnor ·eer wortcr for t e he otate Person­~nd hio apnointec tot i~ ~upporting

• 1' ohc now . • ·t ncl Boan . • . f election nex President Fora ~~s opposing Rea­\·car. e\·en if it me·e presidential can-;:,.an as a prospect!\ . ~WMC- -

he other side: But consider t anicked. They "The White Househ p President gets

d d When t e t get stampe ~ · . ct twists arms 0 on the pnone cll1 h' that's wrong.

uoport nn. H oe people _to : - , kind of White o~-. " i·~,phes ~01m: 1 thou"hl ,,c IL ''- .. - "O'f('f'. 0 f farnrs it :• ou "h_ v~ith that sort o were all throug .

thina." Tuttle's reaction - That was Holmes t that 44 Califor­to the announcemen rominent in Re­nians. all of _the~l most of them ac­publican affairs a campaigns. have tive in past Reaga~ campaign team

d . California · forme Fa . d's election next year. for :Jfr. or

Tuttle, an auto dealer and one of the handful of men who made up a "kitchen cabinet" of wealthy men who were close to Reagan in his gubernatorial days, was dis­tressed by what he considered strongarm methods used by the White House to line up campaign support in Rea­gan's home state.

''When the President calls you up personally and asks you to be on his campaign committee, that's pretty strong stUff," Tuttle said. "It makes people do funny things. :

"It implies future inVitations to White House dinners and other favors. It's wrong to do this, to tWist arms."

Tuttle declined to name the Californians called person­ally by Mr. Ford. A spokesman for the California Ford Committee said Tuttle's accusation was untrue.

In Washington, Lawrence Speakes, assistant White House press secretary, said "to say the President made any concerted effort in this area would be inaccurate. _ ''The President may have talked to one or two people in

California but it was on other matters. Whatever was done there was done by people in California."

Reagan has not said yet whether he Will run against Mr. !1'ord, but a committee of prominent conservatives-but Jtot including Tuttle-is being fanned to raise money for Reagan and scout his chances against the President. !_,

• The same thing happened 10 years ago, and Mrs. Ash­craft, who now diVides her time between San Francisco and· Santa Cruz, recalled it Thursday.

'7 was one of the· volunteers in July of 1965 when 'Friends of Reagan' was formed to find out what kind of Support he would'have in a race for governor. : "We worked hard for him and he was our hero. He be­

eame a great governor and now is a good spokesman for the conservative cause. · "But now we have an incumbent President. I'm not anti­

Reagan, I'm pro-Ford. I simply made a practical, pragmat­ic decision to support Mr. Ford over Gov. Reagan, and I don't think our party could stand a (primary) fight be-, t'Weenthem.11 ·

'Another member of what once was Reagan's "kitchen eabinet"-entertainment industry executive Taft Schrei-0er-also emphasized that his decision to back the Pres­ident over Reagan was based on what he said were Mr. Ford's strengths, not Reagan's failures.

"I think he (Reagan) was a good governor, totally honest. But I don't buy everything he does. I'm not a rub-ber stamp. ·

"This is a different ball. game than the campaigns for ' governor. · · · · -- ' I

* 1!.os angtlrs a=iinrs Fri., July 11, 1975.

"Mr. Ford is doing a good job. He is open, honest, cour­ageous, hard~working. These attacks on him, this sniping and knifing, are unwarranted."

Schreiber apparently referred to criticism. of ~· Ford by conservatives, including Reagan, for his fiscal and foreign policies.

"So I went to him (the President) when he was in Palm Springs last April and told him I was for him." .

Schreiber said he did not consult Reagan before com­mitting himself to the President.

Nor did David James, Pasadena business executive who

'lieaded Reagan's campaign in Southern California in 1970, when asked to choose between the former governor and the President. --

"! never considered checking it out with Reagan. If there is a Reagan organizing committee set up thus far, I'm unaware of it. I hadn't been contacted by any Reagan people as to future support. .

"And even if I had been so contacted, my response (for Mr. Ford) would have been the same."

Tuttle did not mention any names, but he contended some of those on the Ford committee in California "just want to be on the White House invitation list."

"I'm disappointed in some of these people,'' he said. "If ·the President is sincere in trying to do a good job, what's the rush in lining up Californians for his committee?"

·He said, again without naming names, that 60% to 70% of the Ford committeemen in California were of question­able allegiance to Reagan, and he suspected them of hav­ing backed then Mayor George Christopher of San Fran­cisco against Reagan in the 1966 Republican campaign for governor .

. -.~. :--·-.. ·:~~- ' ~ ~:·-·:i

··'"· . ·,,,·;:"1 : ·"'\Q

·JV ednesday; June 4, I 975 THE WASIDNGTON POST

i' ~·

@'~!): Europe 'I'_rip Called a ~succes~!~ ByMurreyl\-Iarder· · · r~ - ·- -··-- ·-- . ~-'---· -· ·. ----- · · · .·. ·· f --.~--'

Washington Pl!St Staff Writer

ROME, June 3-Presideut Ford is returning to. Washington tonight from Western Europe to try to convince congress that he. has made a success· ful start in restoring confidence in American lead_ership abroad and that he requires greater support on Capitol 'Hill to accomplish that goaL

In many respects, Ford administra­tion sources privately concede, this may be the most challenging task in the posHndochiua revitalization of American foreign policy.

The President's· first diplomatic ven­ture into Eurnpe was "an intensive,

· .Jiring week of inajor consultation on ... , .'all' trans'.At4\ntic problems, plus aii.:' ;~

\;:' initial meeting ··with Egyptian Pi-esi; ~! dent Anwar Sadat on the .~ab-Israeli.':, crisis.· It ended here. today when the - ·

·President met with Italy's leaders and 'with Pope.Paul. · ... -·.;

Italian President .Giovanni Leone . said Mr .. Ford's I tlip "has confirmed- .

~~-! ___ _. "America's. firm intention of making . · the maximum contribution to the At~ -~ lantic alliance, whose ·spirit of solidar­ity has been reaffirmed by the Brus- ·.'. sels summit last week of the North.:_· Atlantic Treaty Organization."

As the President's jet reached Rome early this morning from Salzburg, Austria, wh~re he had conferred ·for two days with Sadat, Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger told reporters that the President's European trip has been "very. successful."

Apparently most European leaders agree, and they are giving Mr. Ford good marks for a newcomer's first encounter on the scene with the com-

. plexities of alliance diplomacy, the . Middle East tangle and East· West relations. ·

What Europeans ask is whether President Ford can similarly iriduce .Congress to follow his lead in shaping .\American policy abroad. The Presi­)ient apparently is• asking the same;

~1-L See PRESIDENT, AH, Col. 1

.. P~ESIDENT;F~~Ai.

8".- .

question himself. In Salzburg, i he was heard saying to Austri- i an Chancellor Bruno Kreisky / "I've, got to go back and work, on tl,ie Congress." · I ~singfr told reporters that 1

European . concern has been i eased - 1f not eliminated-I ~bout where .th .. e· . United States

~~i~~~e1n -.~rsdJ~li~ Ki~ge~.¥ ~~~~,y~:d!plo-1

. -·- --~~-::.:_~_,;..;;..:.:,· _____ _:_~·-··,-i .. ,,_•[.".

/ macy in March and the Iii<lO..~

/ ch~afa~~b~~:ti~!~~~n'.~~.·1 / ers told the President they l , never doubted the· steadfast" i ness of .the United States, but i

; they were most concerned i r about post-Watergate divisions j · between the U.S. Congress i and the Executive Branch i over cutting back presidential; au~or_~ty ~!~~eign,~P~li.~X"'., 1

~.cpporlfy, sttbject oniPresi' ' .. ,,- - ,, .''::,.~·,,,..,~- . .i\,---~i.":.~: .. : .. {~.:.. .... ~;;~

1 ~e¥~;~:~r1;;~ ~~- i I mgton will.•be an. ~attemot to I I induce th~ lf_o_use, of R~re- ~

I senta_tives. t? follow the Sen- ii ate m lifting the embargo 11·

I Congr,ess i~posed ·on.: Amt?ri- J

can arms shipments to Turkey.~ Mr. Ford's case will be that !I

he · is convinc. ed fr .. om talks 11· with the premiers. of Turkey and Greece that ending the Turkish embargo . can help , to produce a' Turkish•Greece ;

.compromise in their confllct ·over Cyprus. · · ).

In a statement is~ued after I . Pre~ident . Ford's.· ta:lkS .. with i Ita:han .leaders on major world issues,· . the . American . side; no.ted that Mr. Fdrd's ·meet· ings with }:gypt's Sadat , had/ produce. d "pos.itive results. but.! no, final results''- in; opening new ne'gotiatiOns -in·"tb. e Arab· I Israeli conflict. < :· ..

. . 'The. search for a, dipl.llmatic I road· through -the Arab-1.sraell confli~t~ continue$- neld:~•ea.

-··_·.:-~ . .:..·· .. -,:.-'":::·_: --. ~:-~·:;:_~:~3:~~£~;.

<· f _ <~~~ .. ·:.~:~-:-~· · ,..__.;.-_.,-.-:.:_ .. ~···. -.-.~- .. ~:.:·:-.~~f.~~·rJ whe.ri rsrireli. "PPirrie Miri.fstei,,:· Y:Jtzl:iak:· R.abilF~ · io an-iVe°'~ fdr ·talks . with . Mr. Ford -ti!. parallel the Salzburg discus- ' sions with Sadat. j · Pr~sident Ford said b~fore -

11

leaving Rome tonight that "This ls a last stop of a won­derful trip in Europe.·. that has, I .. believe, brt>ught good I results . in our long and hard work . in . the achievemen't of peace." ·

Following t h e President's private . audience with the Pope at the Vatican, the Pon· Uif expressed pleasure In the opportunity to discuss the President's travel and talks In Europe. He told the Presi­dent that the visit "empha- / sizes the importance that you .

1 a.ttach to the moral aspects ·of • the problem." ·• · · . /

Mrs. Ford and Secretary .,I

Klssina~,and other members of the J>i:esiden\'1 ~party also . had audiences wtth the Pope:·1

;::J: .. ~-~~-- :·'."(, . ~~.-- -'" ~'. '~ ."-~~~!

Saturday, January 31, 197 6 The Washington Star A-3 ·-ord Denies Charge 1s Campaign Aides

Employ Dirty Tricks By Fred Barnes

Washington Star Staff Writer

President Ford, in his first direct rebuttal of a campaign charge by Ronald Reagan, denied yester~ay that his campaign officials are usmg dirty tricks against Reaga~. .

"Any allegation as to dirty tricks is completely without foundatioi:i." Ford said in response to a ques~1on from a group of broadcast executives

.gathered in the White House's East Room.

Reagan, who is challengi~g F~rd . for the Republican pres1dent1.al > nomination, made the charg~ while t campaigning on Thurs.day m .New Hampshire, where the first presiden­tial primary will be held on Feb. 24.

TIIE FORMER California gover­nor said the assertion by Ford cam­paign officials that ~e would jeopardize the Social Security system comes "under the heading of dirty tricks." _

The President's supporters brought up the Social Security issue in a press release stating that Rea­gan "has at various times advocated voluntary Social Security . . . and favorably called attention to a volun­tary plan that would ruin ~t." Reagan has disputed the contention that he would harm the Social Security pro-gram or reduce benefits. .

Ford, in response to th.e ques~1on yesterday, declined to d1sassoc1ate himself specifically from the accusa­tion against Reag.an. H~ merely denied that any dirty tricks were being used in his campaign. . .

"We are running a campaign m full support of the law," he s~id, ". . . in full support of the campa1~n fair practices committee. And . we 11 stand firmly on that."

Despite reports. that hi~ ca~paign against Reagan m Florida is la~­ging, Ford expressed ~pproval of h1~ campaign chairman m · that state, Republican Rep. Louis Frey.

HE SAID HE has no intention of firing Frey, adding that he ~·has do!1e a good jo~." ~ore_over, Fo_rd sa1~. his campaign 1s gomg well m Flor~­da, which will hold the third presi­dential primary on March 9.

"I think we are on the right track (in ·Florida)," he said. "I think the campaign will produce results. We are moving and I'm optimistic as to how we will do in Florida."

There has been considerable fric­tion in recent weeks between Frey and officials of the President Ford Committee. The campaign officials believe that Frey has failed to build an adequate campaign organization in the state.

The Florida campaign was the subject of a meeting on Wednesday at the White House involving Frey and several presidential aides, .in­cluding White House chief of staff Richard Cheney.

AS A RESULT of the meeting, two political organizers from the Ford committee are to be dispatched to Florida to help build up the organiza­tion. Ford is expected to make t\\To campaign swings through the stat~. one in mid-February and the other m early March. .

Since Reagan announced his cam­paign two months .ago, For~ has re­frained from makmg any direct ac­cusations against Reagan. However, he has several times voiced thinly veiled criticism of Reagan's plan to transfer $90 billion in federal pro grams to the states. ·

When he speaks of his own, less-

• sweeping plan to hand some federal programs over to the states, the President usually adds that simply "dumping" programs on states would be inadvisable.

However, he never mentions Rea­gan or the $90 billion plan directly, leaving the more overt attacks to his campaign aides. In turn, Reagan has been restrained in attacking Ford's performance as President.

IT APPEARS that the give-and­take between the two candidates may become more heated now, though, with the Social Security issue and others emerging as points of dispute.

In other comments in response to questions from the broadcasters, the President said: •That the United States "will live to regret" the congressional decision to bar military aid to American-backed factions in Angola. He said that the failure to help the factions gives U.S. allies "the right" to question whether the country will honor its foreign commitments. •That covert U.S. operations in Angola were not unusual. "It was a typical operation such as has been going on for 25 years in this coun­try," he said, adding that "a number of covert operations" around the world have been "successful." • That the surge in the stock market is bound to reflect growing confi­dence around the country in the eco­nomic policies of the Fo~d adminis­tration. • That the Soviet Union is probably going to make another sizable pur­chase of American grain, in this case corn. He characterized a rumor about this new grain sale as "solid.''

•

(\j

THE WASHINGTON POST Saturday, Jan. 31, 1976 *A.3 ... ,

,'Ford N .H. Campaign Shifts .I

-'"···HAMPSHIRE, From AI \Vho had heard ·of it~ Hugh

··Gregg, Reagan's New Hampshire chairman, said today that he had told Reagan

· at the conclu5ion of the former . governor's visit yesterday that the $90 billion plan "is our issue now and we ought to club _ them with it."

However, Lake and Gregg both refrained from claiming a prospective victory for Reagan in New Hampshire, .vi~ Lake saying only that the ch.allenger should . receive "between 45 and 50 per cent of the vote." · ..

The decision by the Ford. campaign to abandon any real hope of grass-roots organization represents a write-off of several months' work by Michels and his four paid field staffers. ·

··._',They set up a network of 22 ·area chairmen and worked to _reeruit coordfoators for each '.of the 239 towns and cities in th¢ state. Gregg, working with

· a smaller staff, set the same goal for Reagan and published the names and phone numbers of1 his local coordinators in a full-page newspaper ad on the morning Reagan arrived to begin his campaigning on Jan. 5. .... . . . . . .One reflection of the ap-

. parently superior Reagan organization was seen Thursday night when about 500 R~ganworkers and their spouses turned· out.for a dinner with Reagan and his wife, Nancy, and a meeting at which they were given instructions for distributing 'campaign materials in their communities.

Today, Michels. acknowledged he has "turned away from reliance on town chairmen. The canvassing thing flat-out wasn't going to work." ·

Spencer . said, "We've changed concepts and decided

to put everything that exists into the phone operation."

It is questionable how much "everything" is. A list shown a reporter -in the Ford headquarters today had names of coordinators. in 74 towns and city wards, with 238 towns and wards blank.

Where Michels had 'spoken hopefully in December· of conducting "the first real door-to-door canvass . in

· Manchester any Republican has ever had," the list showed only . 011e of 12 wards i!l the state's largest city with a Ford· coordinator~ . . ... ·.

A telephone canvass had always.been part of the Ford campaign plan, but now it becomes the chief weaponfor the Feb. 24 vote-turnout effort. With ten.· phone centers opening around the state, the Ford volunteers plan to call 85,000 Republican households.

·Both campaigns will. at­"teinpt to turn out . their "favorable" voters· by phone calls on election day, with

· supplemental help from 1.ocal

workers. · · The President's campaign

has been almosti invisible in New Hampshire t.inmnow, bu~

· that is scheduled to change next week. Mr. Ford wilt make his first visit here Feb . 7-8, and Spencer said today that a one-day return visit before Feb. 24 is "possible."

The first Ford· radio com­mercials will begin Tuesday and a parade of presidential "advocates" led by San Diego Mayor Pete Wilson and Federal Energy Administrator Frank G. Zarb

. also begins next week. Ford television spots will begin showing on Manchester and Boston stations Feb. 10.

Reagan has eight days remaining_ of the 15 campaign day.s allotted to New Hamp­shire, with his hext two visits bracketed on either side of Mr. Ford's weekend. Radio spots and television commercials for Reagan have been on the· air for about 10 days.

TT C'I T.,.J_~

. ' . - ..... ,. ;~~;,~;'"C.:.

Fo ;d· :--.. '~ii. CaWt11ffgjt;~1ii/t~' ~- _, . : . . , ·.

Florida, also, the Ford wastiingion Post Stall wr;1.- committee is now putting an ·

CONCORD, N.H., Jan. 30 - emphasis on phone banks in President Ford's campaign an effort to match the Reagan has written off its effort to campaign. .

·build a. local grass-roots The Reagan campaign has organization in New Hamp- already completed one phone shire as a failure. · canvass of New Hampshire

The decision - confirmed and is starting on a second today at a meeting between round, while the Ford cam-Stuart Spencer, No. 2 man on paign is recruiting volunteers the President's national tomanits75phones. . campaign committee, and Reagan also enjoys a lead John Michels, the New on personal cainpaignitag and Hampshire Ford chairman ~ radio-television spots, but the is to throw the available Ford campaign will challenge volunteer manpower into an in all three of those fields, as effort to reach Republican well. · · voters by telephone before the ··.Despite the. apparent need Feb. 24 primary with; Ronald · for a catch-up effort in every Reagan. · · · :.._.;phase of the campaign,

The New _ Hampshire Spencer pronounced himself; decision comes on the heels of "very satisfied" with the New a similar switch in strategy in Hampshire situation today Florida, where Mr. Ford's and said a poll taken for Mr. campaign_ organization has Ford last weekend shows "we failed to attract a significant have a lead .•• and we think number. of._, volunteers .. In we can win."

Figure1(in ~!'wsuit

Spencer gave no figures but said the survey showed "it's a horse race, but our support is firmer than it was." ·

He asserted that con­troversy about Reagan's· proposal to transfer $90 billion worth of fe"deral domestic

. programs to state and local governments had weakened the · former California governor's support among' undecided voters and had, firmed up the President's backing. : .

That assertion was sharply challenged · by Reagan's backers. Jim Lake, thedepi.tty director of the national Reagan campaign, said . that polling in NewHampshireafter the first 'of Reagan's three January visits to the state I showed' high awareness of the 1 plan and 70 per cent approval _ ·~1-... · of the proposal among thos~

See HAMPSHIRE, A3, Col.5

... --··· :-~•;,,-·, -.-.;;.,:;'r'll -

. .. . -- <.:.:. ·: ·,.·,.: ., •. ; __ ...

.~.:..i· ...... --" ..... ·•

'~.'~':-'. ·,-. ·-::.:···::_...,.~.:;·::::~~~~~~ ... :;~· :;·. ·.:: ·.·· ... ~;·~.\'."-~· ~~~~~:~-? z~ '·' .

omestic 'Council. Staff! . ., . ~ .. ::--: . ,.'. ·: t ~ ...

\~,:~.'"'· , i· Fred Bame~ THE TWO FUNCTIONS of the largeiy. deals with .local .and state ;·'0··'-•.' •.. Wasbmglon s1ar Staff Writer ·. . . Domestic Council that will be ex- officials on various domestic issues,

:W.For the third time in a matter of "panded are those·· dealing with long- .. will be enlarged from three to five; W:e.eks, a White. House staff is _under- t~_rm domestic pro.blems and inter- -people, ~ccording to ~annon. : .gQmg a shake-up. · -- ·. governmental relations. '·' . · H~ said the alteration of the coun-,;.~,·First it was the press office. Then. La.st Febr~ary, when _Ford assign- · cil setup.· was delayed. tem~orarily

:!t• was Pr~sident Ford~s · speechwri_t~ · . :ed Vice President Nelson Rockefeller ~ecause the staff. was . work~nf ~ full .ang operat~on. And now the Domestic to oversee the work of. the council, be time on developmg mater1a . for ~~ou~c;~I sta~f, whic~ helps fo~mulate .: gave the council -~~ t~~k of mulling .f o.~d's State ot the . Un!on speech, .~dman1strat1on pohcy on social and ·over long-range social issues. · .- . . which the President delivered _Jan. ~omestic issl!es, is bein~ revamp~d'. .~··But· because of ~e pressure of· 19. . ·· ··. .. · ·• .';· . ·:''f

'.'t''.The council staff, wti1ch functions day-to-day operations, such as "Now that that's behmd us, we . as a part of the White Hous'e though developing a new domestic policy for want to get ready for the next (State ·it is statutorily separate, will lose its · Ford, the council has been unable to of the Union) speech- and the budget deputy direcfor and expand its atten- · . spend much time on this assignment: for fiscal year 1978," Cannon said. tion on two areas. . .. . . · · Cannon, a Rockefeller protege, ex- ... ·. Should Ford fail to win election to o•.f:Jaines Cavanaugh, a Nixon hold-. plained in an interview yesterday ;a full term in the White House, this ov·er who has gained wide respect in · that no one on the council' staff was work may go to waste. But Cannon ·the Ford administration, soon· is to be · available full· time. to study long- said he is c.onfident that the Presi­. named~ spec!al assistant to Ford lo~ · _term problems. ~-: >' - :: · .. · ,' dent. will. win bo~ tl!e Republican ·~omest1c affairs. · ·· · . .. · · ··• ~ · Under the. new ··setup, though; pres1dent1al nommat1on and the ·1;- In the new job, which is considefed several members of the council staff general· election against a Demo-

::._& promotion, he will work closely will have this duty. "We· don't know cratic candidate. · . . ?~!th the council; however. In fact, he:. yet," he ~~id, "h,o\V many there will· . The White House is ~xpected to a~-.will be the deputy to James Cannon, be as yet. . · · •· · · .. ··:. nounce the changes in the council

'.'th.:e director of the council, in Can- · · . staff soons, perhaps as early as 'j1i0n's•other capacity as an assistant ·rHE INTERGOVERNMENTAL today. Three Jobs on the st~ff_JJlU~t (~~~F~~~~~ent for~fo~estic affairs.. affairs unit of the council, which be filled b_ecause of d~part~~~·,~,: ·:;:

Weclnesdar. January 28, 1976 . The Washlngcon :,w

I~ p,~i~g Q\fe.rha11le~t ·.· . BESIDES Cavanaughis position as . not evidence' of disarray, on the Wh.te -~ :

. deputy director, the White HQuse will House staff. .. ·· : . ' ... ; , '" -~ · replace Tod Hullin, the ~ssociate for · ··· . ·. ·. ' ·· · ' · . · .. · ~· . · · ' . ~ ; . housing and commumty develop- THE OVERHAUL of the press of-:· : ment~ He is leaving to become depu- fice was carried out last month. But ~ · ty press ~~~r~t~~.~t ~~.~en~~g_on. the. s~ake-up .of the sfieechwr!ting ~-;

In addition, a.replacement .1s to be operation, which saw our y.r~1ter~. named for James Falk, another as- l~av~ the staff for other adm1mstra .. sociate director: of the councll staff. ~ion Jobs, has not yet been completed: ·He left the ~bJtf Jiouse a month ago. ·. Two new writers are expected io .·.·.

··· •· ·· · · come aboard next week. One them is,: -A White House official insisted that David Boorstin, the son of historian~<

·the changes on: the council staff do Daniel. Boorstin. The elder Boorstili:-;~ not reflect any 'dissatisfaction by recently became the Librarian· of,;; . Ford with the way the council has Congress. . , . .

1 , . "~

1 performed~ ''There's no unhappiness · . - . . . . --- _, '·' . ... · .. ·-.....,, .. . on his part;" the.official said~ .:. . . ii~ another staff addition at tli~~~ ·· ..._ " ... · .< ·· · ' r ·. .· · ·· . White House, Asst. Commerce Secre-)

.• As with the press office and .. tary James Pate will join the public..; , · ·speechwriting operation changes, · liaison office to deal with consumer::;

though, the official, said that Ford affairs, regulatory reform and rela~·.,, wanted these carried .out before the . · tions with public interest groups •. :~~~ · ·g~~:. ~!- .th~,,;~~e~~on. ~a~p~ign -_.Pate;;· appointment .. to." the~··wli'it~:~·

. · ."Everybody has.got to settle down House post has not been officially an,...,.

':•

and formalize his staff before get into .. nouncect But his replacement at.the ·. · ;;t,.the heat of the election," the official .. ·Commerce Dep'.artnient~·; :Richard ~ · -· -~said .. : adding ~at the 'changes were · Darman, was announ_~ed yesterday ..... ~ ·,..~i~:f; : !·.:.~~·:\:;--,,. _: · . ., ... · . -.: ,___ . . '·.' .. :. :'~ . . . ~~ ".'\..; ' _.,

-

~-!

l ForA __ JS. ''sieii.dy1 Policy· ~, ····· ·. ll"ffltg..r T~ His Stand Against Speeding Recover;

/ Is Likely to-Be_Major-Campa~gnlssue.

By LEONARD SILK t SpecliJ to The New York Times • S

WASHINGTON, Jan. 27~The changes in economic policy~

/economic report of the_ Presi- have been· the so_ urce of eco-

0 denrt:, in spelling out the case nomic instability. · -against J?Oliaies to pro~ote a: This plea for steadier policies p mo~ rapid recovery despite the is a rest.atem:ent _of the case for s: pemstence -~m~l~t c!1J~ _ f.~ a. "s_tea~y-as-you•go''.' line enun• i!

high" tinemploy- c1ated m.1973 by George P-. f, Economic ment, has .. posed Shultz, when he was the Secre- .. Analysis what .is likely to tary of the Treasury; • . a

__ be the major issue The· year 1973,. : 'despite ·of the 1976· Presi- "steady a5 you. go,0 ended with <

dential campaign. · · . _ the economy: sliding into what : The President's Council of was to becorne-the worst reces~

Econoinic Advisers-Chairman sfon of the postwar period. Real f Alan Greenspan, Paul W: -_ Mac g_ro~s natii>nal produc~-the na-

1

A voy and Burton G. Malkiel- ~on s. total output ad1usted .for argue that .a "steadier" policy mf-lat10n-felL b_ y 6.6 percent course will result in a more from the fourth quarter of!973

I durable recovery and that past to the firs~ q·u~er of-1975. Tlie --...,=========== economy 1s still not back to its - • preslump leyel in_ rear terms. ~

• Uriemploymerit Rose-steeply_ c , . . . . ' . k Most serio_usly, to the indi- G vi duals concerned as an election \i issue in. 1976; _ rthe economy p lost jobs,_ and the unemploy-' c• ment rolls ·rose steeply. Total ti employment full 2.2 million F during the slump. Thus. far; · the· recovery has,, rest6-red ;OnJy o

1d L3 million jo-bs. . • • - ~ - . · t1 ed With the · labor · foree' and ti & produotivitr growing, unem· s; a- ployment climbed from : an O n average level · o.f: 4.9 percent n' ?; in 1973 to- 8.3. percent at the ~-1- end of 1975, __ and: ils .expected 1

d by the President's economic ad-1l'f. n visers. to· average 7.7 percent ~1.

1 in the curre·nt y~ar.. _ _ _ · ., ~~

.•

1

1 . The. cautious econo-mic.;poli· 0j

l .cies favored. by Mr: Ford and a• • h~~ advisers· would stm leave h'

unemployment at.a little higher sf than T percernt on election day and at 6.9 percent on the aver- . age in 1977 .. The jobleS.S- rate a would not get dowl!b to 5 per- P cenit:, according to rtheir'.p~an, t until the· very• end of -1981,). \

Con~inued on PagdS,;-Columnt

. _-- __ ._ __ . -~ ~- ~'_:'':':::.:{£~?&.t~'.;}";{

, Fo~d· s F lorid'~(;""a-;tlpMgn Heldin Pf:iil. \~ . .· ......... ···:.·· .. ·.·:,···.·:····

Continued From Page I, Col. 3ialready pret_ty well 'WOf!. It's *"ho also'~ as Florida's Re-----.

1only ~ q.uest1on of how big the publican, National C::ommittee-

doing soil manraycle~~ngs wrongl;m~yAgind if.:ve never been wrong woman,'J.Vir.Frey."has.practiced 1s a sma m1 • . · the l"ti of · · "If the primary election were! about an electnon yet." · . po~ ~ · ;; ex;clusron from todav in Florida, we'd get: Not. all the gaffes have be~n the beg:inru~g. . .. ·. . . w clobbered." said Ron Nessen,: committed ~)'. Mr .. Frey ?r his Both Mrs; .-HawkJins,: publicly g: the White House press sec·, former admm~strativ.e assistant, neutral but· privately· leaning sc retary. " lsuspect that by the Oscar ~uare.z, who 1s now the toward Mr R . · d .. ,. __ ~ time the Florida primary rolls: execut!ve director of the Ford . • e~gan, an, otm::.i .·. around. we will still get campaign here. At least one Flonda Repubhcans said thar ~~ clobbered." <involved Howard H. Callaway, Mr. Fi_-ey had: IJS~ the Ford c,

The main oroblem, he added, !the President's national cam• campaig!\. as a -vehicle to· pro- ~~ has been M·r. Frey, a Winter• paign manager, who is known mote his .·own ambitions· tor u Park conservative who is in~ for making impolitic comlrients. t~e governorship o~ : other of- ~ over-all charge here. ! Some weeks ago, he conceded f1ce. . .. . . . . · . . · . ·:. ·. p

''.It has not been th~ most: in. an inte~iew that he had . 1:he result ~as been t~ re- ~ rlehghtful experience m my\ tned and failed to persud ade ~ct1vate and hnk to the .. Pres• 5

political career," said Norman i the White House to delay the 1dent all of. th·e a;niniosity gen- v Watts, the deputy national po-! second trial of former Sen·ator erated in 1970, when Mr. Gui· · litical director of the Ford! Edward J. Gurney, for bribery. ney and fonner. Gov. Claude campaign, who has spent much: He wanted the trial postponed, Kirk. split•the-party by backing of his time in Florida i!1 recent j he s.aid, so as no~ to infuria!e ~· Harrold. Carewell, who. had "' weeks man attempt to improve 1 Florida conservatives who still JUSt ben re1ected·for a Supreme things. ··we're at least a month I like Mr. Gurney. · , Court seat, iri .a· contest. for the behind." "That was · . brilliiantly Senate :nomination with formei

With si.x weeks to go until ha.ndl~d,". a Ford supporter in Representative : William · c. the hallotmg here, the consen- M1am1 sa.id. "On one hand, you Cramer. . ·. · : .. · : - · ·• SUS in Florida is that Mr. Ford show the world a; campaign . _On;e- ci>ns-equeiiee' of the >in" . i trails Mr. Reagan. although manager of a President who f1ghtmg ciln'·be seen in Broward . 5

some Republicans think th~t a c~aims rto be above petty poli- County, which.c is'. centered on F reorganized .campaign might tics to be an old hack. On Fort Lauderdale, .just north ·of ;:1ve the Pre_srdent a cryance to ~he oth_er, you show the Pres· Miami. :Forces ailied with Mr. catch up. It 1s alm?t umv~rsally 1derut, m th~ Gurney people's For~ .have.· flfod candidates agreed that orgamzat1on is cru- eyes, to be p1tness. a.gamst GrayiloyJston, the long-' 1al to the Ford effort, because Some Problems Local time. party ·chairman . in the the President plans to make , . . county challen · · . h' · · onlv one campaign trip of two But the operational prob- reciri~t .· · - . ging_ · · tm as· a .,.... or three days to the state. !ems are local; Mr. Watts said, ~hamna~C:~~[man• c~tt"ty 0c

In a telephone interview for example, that Mr. Frey and Qian - .... · . e comnu ee- A from his ".Vashington office, JIJ!r. Juarez _h!'-d "a . Pf!'Vincial ~-·. . . '· . . . . · ~· Mr. Frey d1sm1ssed the cam- Vlew" of pohtics, behevmg that A Reagan Pilrtfsan · A• pa1gn complains. as "_the prod- they. could us~ in-person Ca.n- Mr: Boylst()ti;·:a wealthy, in- ~: uct of t~e Mach1avelhan world vassmg techniques statewide defatigable'partycwork~r·.has a ; or .:vashmgton." _ t~at :vo~k in ·one Congressional turned into a Reagan partisan. : . We have all the Jeaderh1p D1strtct instead of the telephone . Mr. Frey also. astonished 'the a m the legislature." he said. "We banks that the Washington pro- Ford camp by. agreeing-to serve e hav@ the members of Congress fessionals want. this Friday ;as ·master<of cere- f for the.. President and the youn_g I Acc~rdin~ _t? Paula H~wkins, moni~sfciT a· Lincoln :Day din.· . E Republicans. The campaign is a pubhc ut1ht1es commissioner ner m Melbourne despite the ·~

___ fac~ ~at Mr. : Reagan 'is. the ~ _ .. "l'TI m.am speaker •. He m'gues ·that ·<

he made · the 'commitments c morithS ago -~d <:annot back · ~

r out. now; but.Ford o.fficials. in. < Washington take thiS as evi~ .~ dence that he is. more inter· c ~sted_ in ~promoting himself than · : m wmnmg.for Mr. Ford. ·.. c

So the squabbling between c Washin.gton and Orlando has .:

tr continued without pause;. "They ·' e- are defeating themselves,': said ' '1. Jay D. Starling, a p0litical sci· >d en~e teacper l!'t Southern Meth-1 od1st Ull1Yers1ty. who.4esigned ig rec~tly u tlle lund-raisirlg· cO.: 1e ordinator for Mt: Ford.Jiere.

ie ''Communication hU c' been is terrible," he told The Palm '· Beach Post in an interview. ig "Signals get crossed ·and re-1t crossed, and it has created con-

fusion· and discontent...;.,.not only '.· on the campaign staff, but also o among the party faithful~" e ~eanwhile, the Reagan cam­' paign. rolls .along.· L. E. ·Thom.as, · the · fonner GOvemor's cam­! paigri manager, said .thano;ooo

to ·· 12,000 Democrats had re­registered as Republicans to vote for Mr; Reagan, and- that

, phone calls had been made to •nearly 200,000 registered Re­publicans in 20 counties.

Campaigning in north Flor­ida yesterday; Mr. Reagan drew b!g crowds, incb1ding 1,200 at breakfast in· Pensacola.

Mr. Thomas · said that Mr. ~ Ford · appeared· to be ahead s in Pinellas · County,. . where s a St. Petersburg Times poll i showed that to be 'the case last s nek. but behind els.ewhere in ~ t!:e state; Mr. Frey· said that s Pinellas County typified - the ~

!state. - ·. · .. . .T

. •-; ,.-........ . :_._ :---· :· .. :!- ··-' - - -· ...

§§?;

ord F ridatJrivJH;ldin Peril r Discord and Poor Planning

l)Y f/~S .. · ~,,'

Special to The New York Tim••

ORLANDO, Fla., Jan. 27 - Mr. Ford's associates in Internal· discord and organiza· Washington make no attempt tional failures of a severity to hide their apprehension

: rarely seen in a Presidential about the Florida campaign, : campaign are plaguing Presi- whi:ch will offer the second f dent Ford's campaign in Flor· test between the President and

ida, according to well-placed the former California Gover· , Presidential aides. nor. Campa·ign officiais met f The resulting "confusion and today and will meet· again to-

discontent," as one former staff niorro.w to decide what to do . . member put it, have jeopard· Among possibilities under . ized· the President's .uphill ef~ consideration are the dispatch , fort to wrest _a - victory from of more organizers _from wash· , Ronald ·Reagan· in this conser- ington and the replacement o' , vative state's Presidential pri· Representative Louis Frey Jr . . mary March 9. as . campai~ manager .

• -···- __ _ "The thing has finally gotten

\

.to the point ·where something drastic has to be done," . said Peter Kaye, a spokesman for teahe President Ford· Commit­tee. The fact that ·our polls show us close when we're

By R. W. APPLE Jr.

continue4.o~·fale~ ¢o1wnn2

,,..--... '\

-or Attacks PropOSitl or Puhlic-Sec_tOr Jobs

ByBill McAllister . proposing is not going to get -automobile industry is turning Washington Post stall writer• the unemployed' back to work around," and cited an in-

DEARBORN, Mich. Jan. overnight," he said .. "But it crease in automobile sales of 31-President Ford, claiming . will get them back to work, 37.2. per cent in the first 20 credit for policies he said have with lasting and secure jobs days of the year as evidence. helped reverse the recession, --:-:riot dead-end jobs sup- , Still, Mr. Ford said, "One denounced the promise of ported by .the governm.ent." carimit pr_omise fµll em-"full employment overnight" - His 21-minute speech was . ployment 'Overnight, apd I as a "cruel illusion"· and interrupted by applause 11 · hope nobody does in, the up­vowed fo continue to fight any times as he spoke to more than .• coming debate, because it is a federally funded programs for 1,000 party officials at the - cruel illusion." . ;-•. .\ -public service jobs. -Midwestern - Republican. - <:Mr. Ford's-Michi~an_speech In a speech to Republican Conference iri this -netroit · -'" s the first of two addresses

~:~i~r~ea~~;~e!~0~/3 F~~~ su~:~ite the White House's ~c.--f:~~~.-j~ ~j-;;i~~;b~, ~a., , attacked proposals for what · denial of politicalimplications before a Bicentenrual meeting_

he called "another quick fix of his trip, even though the of the Virginia General public-jobs program" and Ford campaign committee Assembly, Mr. Ford again called instead for tax in- ·paid for it, the President was~ renewed his call for· a limited centives to private businesses cheerfully introduced by • role for 'the federal govern-in areas hard-hit by unem- Minnesota party officials as a ment. · •.:• ~ ..... _ . _ · · ployment. - -.. superior candidate to Ronald Speaking_.in the rest~r~d

Speaking in a state which Reagan, the former California colonial capital of Virgm1a, has 12.2 per cent unem- governor who is challenging _ Mr. Ford calleci'for fricr~sed ployment, the President the ~residen~ .for the. roles by state and local conceded that his proposal Repubhcannommat10n. . . ; · governments. fo __ give - in­would not lead to quick Mr. Ford_ nev~r mentioned 'dividuaIS "more'ISarin how solutions to the nation's Reagan durmg his speech, ?ut. _ their taxes are spent and how ec.~Intom1_sictrilules. that what I am • ... :refer.red • to. an emergm~ they live, ho~ they wo_rk, how

:''great national debate. they·fight cnme and how they within his party and the go to school." .. DenioC:.ratic Party over the In Hampton, Va., the

.role of the federal govern- President was greeted by a ment. __ ·crowd of approximately 3,000 Althoug~ he soun~ed a • at Langley Air Force Base

conservative theme m op- and forthefirsttimesincethe posing new jobs programs, sho~ting incident in San Mr. F~rd also said that tile Francisco last September, the Republican Party has become President waded into the "the party of chan~e." crowd, shaking hands and

Acknowledging. that accpeting _a bouquet of red unemployment remains too roses from an Air Force wife/ high, Mr. Ford said the .. nation _ Mr. Ford had dinner tonight · ~as already r-;covered three- - with the - founders of the fifths ~f th~ Jobs lost .by the ·. Williamsburg restoration re~e~s1on, . and .s~1d ~~e b f returning to pohc1es of his adm1rustrahon e or.e . . are responsible for what Washington. . decreases in unemployment Betty Ford canceled plans that have occurred since to join the President. for the March, 1975. The nation's Williamsburg speech because -unemployment rate is 8.3 per she was riot feeiing well t,his cent down from last March's _ morning, presidential press rate'or 8.7 per cent. secretary Ron Nessen said.

Michigan remains hard hit "Her neck ha.s acted up a bit," by unemployment, but Mr. Nessen said. She has been Ford said: "The good news,. bothered f~r years by a pin­however is that the U.S •. - chednervemherneck. :

,. •,.. '.

··---~-

·_ ·,_·-:_ ...

~-..... /, aidesc··'cast about ~::_· ~election-year assets · /2PZA

By Congresmonal Quarterly · acknowledges that the President initially had Washington underestimated the unemployment threat. ,

Gerald R. Ford's 1976 campaigners ·are But Mr. Cheney defends another presiden-worried that they have no dramatic 1975 tial economic switch: Mr. Ford's first vetoing presidential triumphs-they can point to - at the eXtension of the 1975 tax cut and then, lemt none that can be reduced easily to a few several days later, signing a compromise that words on a bumper sticker. . fell short of his demand for a $395 billion

For example, they contend that Mr. Ford ceiling on fiscal 1977spending. b&'I succeeded inholdingthenation'seconomy 'lbe· veto was "a very effective way, on a steady course of gradual recovery from whether you win the fight or not, of keeping the reces&on. '1bat was no small achievement, the debate alive" about the ceiling, Mr. they say. But it takes some explaining to get Cheney says. "We won the fundamental isrue the point across to the average worker. . . of linking a spending cut with a tax cut. 'lbat

Mr. Ford's top economic advisers depict the reversed the trend oHhe past 20 years." . President as having resisted the temptation to Looking back to other areas of Ford's 1975 improve his election chances this year by record, Mr. Cheney acknowledges that the aiming for a fast but short-term upning in the President's November shakeup of his national economy at the expense of more substantial security advisers, in which he fired Secretary economic recovery over the next several of Defense James R. Sdllesinger, "in the ' years. short term had a negative impact on the way

"'lbe President set a course and stuck to it in we were forced to handle it." -the face of all the pressures against him to . Mr. Cheney says that news leaks of the panic in the face of 9 percent unemployment" shakeup "forced us to move up the timetable" last year, says Richard B. Cheney, White of the announcements and. made the changes House chief of staff. · appear abrupt and not well thought-out.

Mr. Cheney speaks aPinst a· backdrop of resentment among Mr. Ford's conservative _The President's pressure on Congress last economic advisers over what they feel was a s~rJ:ns for continued_ military aid to South major blunder by former President Nixon as ~·e~ and Cambodia~ ev~n as th~ Cornmu­he approached his own election campaign four ~t .victo17 appeared !?evitable, prob~ly years ago. · didn t do him any good, Mr. Cheney admits.

In their view former President Nixon's But, he says, the effort was necessary to keep imposition of w~e and price controls in the the Sai~on and Cambodian governments .from fall of 1971 was aimed at creating a short-term coll~psmg long enough to evacuate Americans improvement in the economy to bolster Mr. stationed there. · l.

Nixon's re-election chances in ·1972. Not much else happened in 1975 that Ford Mr. Ford made a major shift in policy one could count on as election-year ammunition. ·.

year ago, when he turned from fighting The President and Congress remained at a inflation to tackling the recemon. Mr. Cheney stalemate over energy policy most of the year.

, .. t.'

/

THI .•.. -·- .•..• --- . ;:•< .:;;,..>-·--- --

.' ~··

·'. ·~

Plan ,_ ~·~ y,..:· · .. ·.· .. ~. . . " ' ,. ' ~<~·;;JiJ~,~~:;:>> "~- . <·

President Ford has stuck to his But that norm is broken this year by two philosophic g\ins and confidently staked· considerations; First; all signs indicate the out for the election year a position which . country is fed up with big spending and big would normally be quite risky. In his state governmenL rthink that mood Is probably of the union and budget messages; he . a temporary iftermath of 'Vlebtam and concentrates o.n holding<down public · Watergate, whfoh will:not last through a

; spending with results certain to insure ~ong bout of economic stress. But for the, .. ,.,, high unemployment on election day, and moment ari~ay, ~.Ford's emphasis on.

for many years thereafter. budgetary, stringency Jmd holding dawn . But the political.risk is eased by the · the· size· of government .is undoubtably temporary mood 'of the nation and the whatthevoterswantto.hear. · confusion of the Democrats. Whatever the The• m~r· ;tglv~ tile posture, of .the cost to President Ford, however; the Demoa:a~~,'.r,he, ~covery_n~'f upder~y nation is apt to suffer from a muddying of and 'the .prospect ·ot· 6 per: ~.economic debate on the vital subject of inflation> and growth foreseen bY.: th9 P,restdent for this the prospect that in this bicentennial year· ar · s not· entirely the work of the' Ford ~ there will not be an initiation of the ~~i~stration. It=woul(f be unthlribbte~] sustained grow~h required to satisfy the wlthout the ,.tax,ciita f~rced on ·t~'.i!*J~ aspirations of millions of Americans. , ministration ~y t~e De~e9,ra~c. ~~;~t;

The striking feature of lhe President's . Even though .. the _Dem,ocratic c~ .... ::1 state of the union message was the em- u · f tfl p Id ·· • '!I phasis on domestjc policy. Foreign af- has pu . ed so111e o . ' e . res -.~tc8,;J fairs, normally a strong point for an in- · .Chestnuts· out· of. ·the fire, there {t,jt!Uya ~1

'strong ease' to be niade:agaimt his stand , ci.unbent ·President, received scant at- on big gcivernm!rit and goyerµment , tention and only in the most general terms. spending. The regress.Ive sales and ·'·Domestic matters not only 'property taxes prevalent'in the state5 and predomiriated. They were sharply pointed. mt,micipaljtles-not t~ mention t'1e cozy

·Mr. Ford made big government spending · corruption inevitable .when loc~ls ad~ lhe villain of our worst internal problem. minister locals.;..:suggest tbat''stnall "To hold dowµ lhe cost of living we must government is poorly~\llppedtomanage 1 hold down the cost of government," he pro1>lem11 affecting:· ~jor ,' econo111ic Hid. His recommended course of action is c:iuestlo1µ1~:'i'hlis the>pro):)l_(!lll)S uot .to, . fwly in accord with that rhetoric. The core : eliminate blg_foyem111ent but.: t~J~proy~ .~; ~~r~!~~~r~~i~~~0i1~:i~:1~~s~~~~7 it. · :'·''' .. .. ~., •. >"' ' ·:',~~?{·/,·~S~~ about 5.5 per cent in the normal course of As to government.spending, there JS no federal spending. Since the inflation rate is . merit in the P~esid~t's claim lhat public -1 at 6 per cent, the real budgetary impact is · outlays are evil and inflationary while ._. deflationary. · . , . , private purchases are good and anti- · . That is a truly deflation:fry policy. It inflationary. Both have the same impact,_ i assures that next year at' election time on total demand or inflation. ,:;cc:'' ' i unemployment will hang high at over 7 per The. big difference-is th~t tax cutS help .. 1

cent and that growth will be so anemic that those of us who have jobs, while gover~- · full employment will not be reached until . ment programs· help those whose basic

. : i9so. Despite these sacr~fices, inflation will .- !!Pirations ~or decent work and h~~~ing continue high at about 6 per cent this year. ~ and other ~mgs are now,u1n:net ·.. :..-.:j[

Judging by the past, that policy would be But :.this strong case cannnot 'be made : highly dangerous. Studies going. back to effectively as long as the Democrats are 1892 show that there has been a kind of caught up in the agony of chqosing a .

~political business-cycle at work. Incum- presidentialcantf!dat~.:,Until they have a: •bent administra lions, generally win. ·standard-bearer; Jhe Democrats· let the ; another term when they gun the economy . demagogic, arguments _~n gG\'.ernnlent apdj ·': ~in an election year. They, lcls'ei~berr~pe irig go by;default,~and put Mr. Ford·· . economic _growth, is. ~ow a~d -~~~m,:;q~~~* .~-~~tcfeHore,1~~i~on.i?~~~~11l-~~<.

ployment high. '- . • ::, ~: .\j\i).i:2i'}i..-'2<f-'1· · ,,,..·:~:,;:,;2~.1~111,En!~rp~;~~· ~.\.: ::'" ?' · ; 1

THE NEW YORK TIMES, MONDAY, JANUARY 26, 1976

es Helping ~ocal Off iciaJs in New l{amp~hiiein Attacks 611 Reagan . .

By CHR contradictions and calcula- which begins, "Thou shalt have a big success in Flor- and. Mr .. Levine's. particUll!r tors of the International As-. spwJai to The New York Times tions," (blank) said senior not covet .. thy . neighbor's .ida," said jVIr._ Carter's mail. '.downfallwl!S explained in his sociation of Machinists, one WASHINGTON, Jan. 25- · citizens of New Hampshire house." . ·- · · · · · · specialist, Morris Dees, of the : . eight"page memorandum . to ';: of rthe richest and most active

President Ford's spokesmen and elsewhere are entitled.to .. . . e ._ _. .. March 9 showdown against the. candidate last week, in labor unions in Democratic · are contending that criticism know just where he stands The Democratic caucuses in · Gov. George C. Wallace; "w~'ll . which ., he said , that-·. l\:{r; politics. . • of .Ronald Reagan's $90 bi!- on key issu~s affecting t_hem~ Iowa last week meant money go with .four milli.on . _more · Udall's thoughtful but· un~ · After eight candidaites, ope · lion budget transfer plan and ,. "'Over the last -12 years,' . for Jimmy carter of Georgia; mailing pieces right away." · .. specific campaign had not'" noncandidates and one former ,social Security "reforms"-. (Blank) said, 'Reagan has at While his Iowa .staff was. · Meanw!1ile, in the organi- given people "a reason· to candidate had spoken; a straw · ._· comes "not from various times advoeated vol· claiming first place Monday zation, Representative Morris .. _ vote for' him:" . . . · poll of the machinist leaders

'Washington bu- untary Social · · · Secllf"ity, . night, Mr. carter was talking .. _ K. Udall of Arizona the first · "The. only candidate talk-: found 22 votes .for Mr. Harris; ;.,Campaiglt reaucrats'-,but praised the present system to about 100. New York con- effect of a fourth-place, .6. ii::tg is5ues is Fred.Harris;" ·.17 for Senator. Hubert Hi

Notes_ from local offi- and favorably called atten· -· tributors, including Edgar percent showing..iri the Iowa said' Mr. Levine,. attributing: -• Humphrey of Minnesota, who . cials." This is par- tion. to an alternative. plan Bronfman, the whisky distill- caucuses was, that Ken Lev- Mr. µdall's disappoiritirient says he is not running.for the

. , .. · ticularly true in that would ruin it.' er, at the home of Howard ine, director of field opera- t() the enthusiastic. 10 .per~ . ' Presidential nomination; sev.en , ··New Hampshire," Peter Kaye, . "(Blank) . said . there has · Samuels, who was a . candi· · · · tions, was · dismissed -before : cent of the IOwa .. caucuses for Senator Birch Bayh of

press secretary at the ·Presi- been neither consistency nor · ·date for Governor. ·he coµld. quit. , . ·- that went to Mr. Harris, the- Indiana; and one each for dent Ford Committee, com- · evolution in Reagan's think~ •- By Wednesday -the Carter · . The Udall mistake in Iowa, · populist-liberal . and fonner Mr. Carter, Senator Henry M. mented last week. ing.~'. . . . . . campaign felt_ sufficieil~y en- Mr. Levine said in· ·an inter- .- Senator from. Oklahoma Jackson of Washington and

· . . -Part of .the explanat\on is Mr. Kaye doe$n't believe· cmiraged to- .announce plans v:iew, :was ignoring advice '.- . Jack Quitm,:,the t(dall Cain~ - Gov. Mil~ S. Shepp of · that Ford headquarters has. that probing an opponent's - for 200 "Georgia Loves:Jim- f~om Stewart Udall, the can~_: paign manager who dis~· _Pennsylvania. . .· : circulated fill-in-the-blanks record violates the "11th my'~ parties~- coinciding. with d1date's :brother; and from missed Mr'. Levine said the · · Gov. George C. Wallace of

. press statements for local of- Commandt'nent" that Mr. a.statewide telethon, on Feb. Richard G. Stearns, the cau• ·problem. was ·.friction-with·._· Alabama -aild 'Senaitrir Lloyd ficials to release-such as Reagan likes to dt~"Thou. 14, Valentine's Day. The host · cus-state organizer of. Sena- . local campaign :workers-and M. Bent.sen of Texas did not· this one for New Hampshire: shalt not speak ill of other · of~e!lchpartyis·committedto tor George McGovern's 1972 ·that he··had, never'.read the·· speak to> the· machinists. "Ronald Reagan today was· Republicans." But Mr. Kaye - rMsmg $1,000.. . . . . . campaign, . to back out of Levine menio, < . · _·· . , : ; Sargent Shriver and Mr. Udall challenged to· make clear his adds, "We are in agreement · At the same time, Mr. Car- Iowa last. fall, when Mr. Car- · Mr. Ha.Tris had another un- · _ apparently spoke in vain­views on Social Security and with the President, who says . ter ordered · the printing of . ter first showed his strength, :. expected ltriumph fast week along With former Gov. Terry Federal aid to the elderly. the first 10 commandments one million new· fund-raising and to concentrate instead on in a candidates• speaking con~ Sanford of -North Carolina, Calling Reagan's public state- are good enough for. him .. ! etters to reach the .. mail in the New Hampshire primary. test herebeforemorethan 50· who took him-self out of the men ts "a shabby collection of particularly like ._the -10th, mid•February. "And if . we. . -The more gerleral problem state ai:id IOcal political direc- running last week.

_ ay George Gallup American liutitutv

· af Public -Opinian

PRINCETON. N..J •. - Presi-· dent Ford and Ronald Reagan are in a dead! heat Jn the latest showdown test among Republi:. cm voters; Ford is the choice of 44 per cent for the. nomi­nation to 43 per cent for Rea­gan, . with 13 per cent unde­cided.

The latest results, based ofr interviewing between Jan. 23 and 26 represent. a decline for Ford, who, in the previous (early January) survey, won the s\Jpport of 53 per cent to 42 per cent for Reagan. Ford's rosseS', as the findings indicate, have not translated intlt direct gains for Reagan but have in­stead fucrea.sed the undecided percentage.

While Ford has suffered some. loss in support among Republicans since the previous s~ey, the race has remained little changed amODg voters who classify themselves as in­dependents. The contest con­tinues to be tight, with Ford currently winning, the SUJ?port of 45 per cent of independents to 41 per cen~ for ~eagan, with 14 per cent undecided.

Reagan's support among b o t h Republicans a n d inde­pendents increased s t e a d i l y between June and December. Since December, however, it has leveled tiff. . This question was asked_ of

Republicans and independents to de t e r m i n e the relative strength- ot the. two men:

-S1q1pose the choice for Presi-,... ·.-.. . : :·. -

dent in the Republican conven­tion in 1976 1UUTows down tO: Gerald Ford and Ronald Rea.­gem.. Which one. w o u l d your pref er to have the Republican convention selectJ'

Here are the latest results and the trend among RepubU~ can voters:

FORD vs. REAGAN SHOWDOWN · (Che>ices of Repuollcans) ·

Ford Rea!Wl Und,clded Latest . "4% .43%. 13% Jan. 2-5 53 42 5 Ce£. 12-15 "5 "' 10 Oct. 17-20, 51 .IQ 9 June 27-311, 61 33. 6 ·

Here is the ·trend among In-dependents:

FORD vs. REAGAN SHOWDOWN (Choic .. of Independents)

Ford Reaa.an- Undeclced Latest '5% •1% ···U.% Jan. 2-S "5 '2 D Dec. 12-15 36 .i l7 Oct. 17-20 51 ..,. ,. June 27-30 , 51 36 tt

'7 7

Reagan'~W.all9ps I Ford in straw I ballot in Florida/ I

DAYTONA BEACH, Fla. (UPI) - Former California I Gov. Ronald Reagan beat President Ford almost 3. to 1 and won by a wide margin over I Democratic Gov . . George C.

· Wallace of Allibama in a straw 1 •

vote Sunday at a state con­vention of the politically active Florida Junior Chamber of Commerce. Re~gan claimed 298 votes, 36

per cent of the total, in the · _ vote, which ~'n1t! after "M?ek-· · ' end apP,e~~'1Y ~.w~~: ace, Pefinsylvaitla Gov. Milton

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}''t-Ford~-110t ~taking it for Grcl~ite '"~~ .• ·.BY William Braden ' · · eniharrassei t~,.wlmess such Intimacy • : I ne~ ~. 1n this

; . . - . ·. -., . . moment, a humanness-one does not often witDeSs In politics... .

~!~d;~~~ ;;~~~~ -~J::r!0

h~~: !:P:~~~n~e~s~!: . Jteagan sh~~i be ~ 9iie ·~asn't p~~~ by Steven --~ . · · · . ; campaigners · · there · are - . Brill, 25, a free-lancer who roasts former Georgia Gov. Jimmy

·c· . . . · . . . . .· '. ) . speculating~ · · Carter in the current.· Harper's magazine. Biill's artlde is •.. ;. · p· . liti. •.··. · '~. 6~· ·· Th. at repo. rt was _mediate titled "Jimmy Carter's Pathetic Lies/' And It. accuses -the -·: · 0 CS · IJ · Tuesday.by Sun-Times cor- . ~mocratic presidential hopeful .of fi~birig about eyerything

. . •. ·.····· · ·· · · · · · respondent-Roger Simon In · trom his gurematorial record ·to his assertion he opens and ; -.- . . · · ·· - . <_·Manchester, N.H. - . . . reads all the malLaddressed to. him In his home toWn of !

.• . . _. -According to Ford's people in the Granite State, the strategy -~ Plams, c,ra. : .. :;,· .::•·· .· .·::<.·:c. ' .. · ·. ··. ;:; .. ·?>-<.:,~::. .. · • ·_.· .· ·· ··-1 .: ,· Is designed to provide Ford an excu5e ifheloses the primary · Cartet.durlng a: Cainpaign swmg hei:-e last weekend ex- ! .:;2 - .>to Republican challenger Ronald Reagan. Ford could say he pressed outrage over the article, which charges him with run- i ;,{· . · clldn't make much of an effort. In New Hampshire,. where he_ · rung "the most sincerely Insincere, _politically antipolitlcal and : fX"' <·:'stumped for perhaps the only time last Saturday and. Sunday· . . .. slickly unslick campaign of the year;" Brill :coneedes: · "cartei:_ ·:

.,,~ ' · ' . - e . e e.· ··.· .. · .· .. .. was a good governor." He adds: "But whatever good Carter ;

/\:;·>. . .. • Fo~d's campaign in N~~ Hampshire was. carrled on Tues- · .. ~. di~o at:~?.vemor ~_blurred nO'W bY_-~~ legeJ1d_~ is ~ng to i • day by his new secretary at conunerce, Elliot L. Richardson. . ID e 0 1·· . - ' . :._· -·. •. -~ ·, ~.. : >' . ~ . . I

__ .;,._._- . . . · The President's surrogate defended Ford's policies and ac- · -Brill was so blistering that Time magazine does a job on :-/~ ~_;.· :~~ Reagan of CiJnfusilig ·voters.:.with "_ill-defined and. Var- him and his arttcte!-.iil its current issue~- Time ratses questions ~:, . yfng" campaign positions. He_also ~ticized a Reagan propos- about Drill's own honesty;~&uggesu he was "out to do a hatch~

--~~\'.~~> :· .- al to invest Social Securlty_ tnlst ~ds in the stock market.as et job" on ~er-and quotes~a1i~amed _"Washington-ha~ '~'/'.;';.• ·· a possible way to reduce th~·Scx.:1:a1:5ecurity deficit. ·. . . . political correspondent" as saying: "Biill is a hit man~ He's

,· .. - · "'- · · .. · .·.:..:9··-:.'9 '·:' .~.'. · · · ·•. · theliberalenforcer~": -: .. : ·: .··: .· · ·

¥if<_ .. kid th~n therewerenlne •• •. _: .,,:_· . . Anson also w~s c~~ifby·~~:an's c~ds:-9i 0one, he · · ,,._ .. , , 'sen. Lloyd Bentsen dropped oot Tuesday as a national can- wrote:. ''This is not a Wallace crowd. There Is not a twisted-, :~~=:<,... didate for the Democratic presidential nominatjon. He said he face craCker .or teased-hair barple among _them.. They are, In -{; .·~.: . - will limit himself to a: tavori"te-son aui~dacy in the l':fay 1 fa~ just what the candidate says they are: the backbone of /·_: _- primary in Te~, where_he ~-is· ~g for z:e-election to , this cOuntrY· And theY' have found_'that It_ doesn't w~rk for -· _ - the U.S. senate; · -· :-· . _ · .. them." - .:,· · ··,_ : : ·--·'.; :.o.:. ··'- . ·.· · · ·:· _· · The announcement.folIOwed BeDtsen's weak showing Satur- _ According to Anson, die crowds aren't Interested In the con--: "-~ · · , -.day In the caucuses in Oklahoma, where he had camp~gned ... trcversy over Reagan's plan to ~~ blill,~n in kderal :;~.' · : _extensively. Bentsen thus became the second of 11 declared _ i. programs to the- states and I~ .JIJV.e~' Perhaps the ·. ~ Democratic candidates to Withdraw. Former Gov. Terry San- I - . · · - .-

;1'.i~"~.:~ ofN-C~:~~~r: .. _-.· _· ..•... 1 ..... ooi,ib;.i~~..,~~~1~~-.. ~ ·y_::;~3(·'. .·; .• Ronald Reagan i!l a human being, the political editor ot·the wrote Anson, "is that not once In a .. -~ .~ ea~an }"::.;f.~:;'. ):~liberal New Times magazine learned. to hlS a~rent surprise.. anyone.. ever ask abOut th~ $90 bµll~n. 1i !'• ~~usively, a ';~f;''< :~::Robert Sam Anson toured with Reagan to do a profile in the pi:eoccupat1on of ~ press. ... ·:.• . -~;:;\.?< Current lsSue Of the magazine. And while the profile faults the I . . -~- _,-' _ >e . . e '. • _ .~ ~-~§/·.}~:,x_,_.candidate for his. politiCal Vi~~· i~ 1s.se~tl~en~-y frie~~y to_ Quote of th~ D~y: "You're not electtiii an acrobat to ~e :'':-C'·:· .. Reagantheman .. ·· •. · .. · .,,....,_. •>···· . ,- · .. ·. · Presidency· as Al Smith once. said In sµpport of. Franklin ·t;;,:!'.:~~/· ·What aJ)peared -to turn-1\iUori· tDtO a -marshmallow were · , RoosevetL': . . · : - . ·. ~ . . : . '· ':''... _ -: . • .. · · -{~~'.~;~·::Reagan's airport enC()Ullters with his wif~ Nancy (whom Re~:., .: .. , .. ,~1lbus spoke Alabama Go\r. George c. Wallace after ~reetlng • :~:.:.:_c\';V':' gan calls "Mommy"). Reporting. 011e partiJlg scene, An~.- . . :a ·crowd of about 300. supporters Ttresday In Colum~1a, S.C. -~~::<Jf"/<wrote: . . .. ·.·· · ···~· · ·'. · .' . ' · /\•.• • . ~Added Wallace,. who 118' been paralyzed from the waist down ~[\:•·:.?:'>~ > "They kiss, long and lingering. And then agatn. She pats hi& __ .: 1 ·/and confined to . a wheel chair since he was sh~ in a 1972 · ;;::::'Fi' face and, with a worried look, tellS him to take care of himself ' ,"·assassination attempt: . · .. ·' · .. · . ·. ·. : ·s0;;{~:' ~ .. .!\gain they hllg, and again they kiss, ·and Reagan nuzz1~:;. :;:;"'Roosevelt went through four pres~den~al _campaigns In a >':~~~;;-;,:<~ her n_eck. They are about to break when ~e~ ls a deafening :''. , .:--.:::~'.:Whee.:·=1 :cb:a:ir:.:...'~'•-_;;._;...;. .... _. ·--:-:------~;;.....----=== ~;'.;-}.::' ~· i:'oar behbld them~ Ail Air National Guard ?~tom, after(: :~ .. .. -~. ~ ..

,;~,~~~,;::~ :~?B1'..:ci!!rJr~-

"·/-~·

'. .... ~iSfi1t~1~~1i~~e···inark~1~1.:· initial· Sb;a:tegy -=:::.=..n -==----

: NJI: caillp~igll trip , ·<;: ':·: · .. ~::".,,:· .. ·£.. . . ... · .. · .,.,.··";C//-IC/1-@ ~17{{ .. ,_,~i: ~yAldo ~e.ckman --.· . ···.C· .... ·.·~:·····.· ... ·M .. ,··::.· .. A.,·.·~·': ...... ,-.G .. N ....... ,. ·.~~ ....

6·:· .. · ... b; ,: ...... ' ' Chkl190 Tribune Press ServLce . . '·:, , ., • _ :

. NAsBUA, N.R. """:President Ford, ad• · J

' mittedly in danger: of losing the riationJs . .. '· : first p-l!sidential primary, campaigned,.:::_ . .;.: \

across New' ·Hampshire Saturday in : .. . ..··.,,.r •.• :~ •• -i~.".·".·.··.l. -wtultne called ijle'•'beginning of. his ef- .. · .. . . . . forts to. win a. full . term· in the White "· .. · '.fHE EDITORIAL, headlined . "DeviOul!.1 House. )', :/ :'.;1;::'~ .. · ,' · .. . .. . Geral~,''. said ''We did give him ci~t ~.;<rhe·pace _was leisiir~lY .. and.the ~c~e~:'.·'. for being ....:..,,w~ile not _v~ry brj~ht - at :We was designed to eliminate .any mJtm- .. le~st honest. ·. . . • . ;dus comparisons (If.how he and former ·'',·''Now ... .- Mr. Ford appears to.be not ~€alifOrnia Gov. Ronald• Reagan draw Onl~' rather StUpid but UDderhaJided," it . I

i' .. wds. About 5oo pe~ons'"at'the .airport . said: The editorial praised a columnist'~ .. ~i

. ..~~.chestel'. ·o. .. eet. ed p ... res·i·d· en.t and . statement. that ·Ford ''makes up and,.~- . ,,~ s .... 9rd's. _arrival. Saturday morning lows his own rules about truth-telling:":· ·::

' . they began their twO-day visif in New · : •·Thomson said" he would not greet Fold. ~ 1fampshire.. · . ·• '":';.+.· :~'.".'(' , . . ·.·. on his arrival in New Hampshire ·81:!.d:- '"""'~;'

;JF.oni dro' . ~e to . ~n~o;d .• Y 'whefe he WO' .• uld . attend a Universi~y of. New .Ham.. -P-.-. ~·:.:> ;(pent .. 82 minutes •answering. questions shire ,foot~ll banquet _mste~d of .~a. ~::'.·: · )fJ'om 2'@ .eJeeted 'New Hampshire state .ner_hono~mg the President.. The. ~~v~- ;·­ra: ~l officials, then nM>ved on to . nor ~so issued an open l~er ~IC~~ ..... i

·~~~~f t:e~!hij~~-~be~" .'·,.~:i::~~: an:o:n~:~~::;~;:t~'J· i· •. :e;~·.~~·:,--di~~r~~e1i preJ·:~··=;~d:~~=ti::i!ff~~!e~~atk.~.1 4ential, with the o1!}y reference of the : urday he might return here the weekend ·

.clay to politics being a line in hill Nash~· . ·before the primary if campaign officials ·.; :~·speech,whenhl[!!aid;·"~Fhave come ·:'here advise it: 'c< ·. ·.·. ·"··· ·;" ,-.;-:,·· ~ .. · ;o New Hampshire to ask :for your sup- .• '.: .. Kiaye: said ,the "eSsentiiilly-negative ··-.,: iJ1ort on Feb. 24..'' :_ · ·, · . ;; .:)Cam.paign" ,that .the Ford .forcesJ~ve • .t 1 Peter ~ye,_ the chie~ spokesman for: .:;ooen· c:Onductiilg against Reagan·:::bas .. ·:ford's C8DlP~gn comIDlttee told report~~ :··~pretty effective."'" ~".·.,>~:'·:T'.'.: ~~. the -!~ce ~twee'!. Ford.~~ Re~g~n . · .. ;:. '.'We've cast. considerable ooubt on his

.:;1!'.;,ve17, .very. tight right n~.w. . .· :·· ·: ·:C;',~mi;>etence to .campaign and by iiDpli- ~~. ~" We ve got the numbers, Kaye insist- .: . ti . his bili"ty t " K "d ·~ when asked to predict the ou~come of .~ ';.1 ~n, . . 8 • · 0 govern; aye sa1 • . j ~Ute Republican primary. "It depends on · ·: H~ .s now view~ as som~t~g _of a .. ;t:he turnout. '11he. bigger the. ~out··· . th~ .. ~ Pl>!ihcal ~pportunist, a . vacil,l~tolj and. . . ~ijetter chance:we ~.ave'." .. ···':.··-, •·.:.· .. :··.·:.[his ·plan ~ reduce -the feder:U· b~dget ,1 Even Ford supporters here; concede .. by $_90 billion] ~ a controvers~al, if .not ::thatReagan might.win,.addingthat the .; outright screwyscheme." ., .... •.·:~,;,~. ·'.··. ,.vote,.regardless of the winner, will be.· •. ford .. haminered alldayon·hisefforts '.·~erne!y,close; '~-:"·'f''"-1.:!:~~··,~;. : :; .. : .. ,,,,,,.to reduce the size and. scope 'of federal :-. Ford~ was greeted, by 'Sharp attacks. government. '.:'Freedom is today· miSin- ·. ! '-from. newspaper publish~r William Loeb~ ';terpreted by· too many to mean the; in.( ~ : '~d ~ubl~can Gov.::r,ieldr~. Tnomson,-. ·.:,i;tfint equalization of·. ewr)rone•s:·ili_Ocial -~ :'both ~porters ~f ~aga!1· :Loeb ran a. :::atid econo!Dic situation, at the 1',lblic~:2 '..fro~P.~t ed1tor1?l m~ his'."!~~~!i~~E-~.~~!lse; through>tli~ machine!)' .bf;~:~ ~~UniOlt':~der callmg th~ Pr!ls1<J~~~:. 1'Rt~ , ·t 1~~~~ ... government,'.' .... Ford~ .. to~d "~ ,;,. '. pj4" ·8iJd'.'<1underlianded·" · 1 •.0 '·t!' .. -~t.'F.h9 ~ ·l'ila!hua d1mt · · .... , ·. ·· · ·., - · ... ., "'""·"' ~"'t'..~ . . ·. ~3;::I .·· -. -•{·, ,.:,~·."~;:r~:,_j: n,~~:I;y,;f:~~~::u~; er., ... , ~. ·' 7_ > : i ,-,:~~~~1J;f-"

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([! ordS1 jf1~s Speeb~,.w tiling stat f,~;:,i I Reportedly-in:Anger_ 9-yer~,-Itti-Qi1FJ1ity,_::; I . . • . .. : , . . .. . . . ., ·. ·. ·. '.. .. . ·. . . .. ' •

j By PHILIP. s.ifABECOFJ<

1

\ ci~'ions ..on_ . w~ich: h. _e. ha_d n. at/ a_re. Mil.to. n.F .. rie_ dm .. an and Pa. t- ~ - -! Specia .. l.lO Tl>•,}'l•w rork Ti!Ilos ..... re.ach~d a fmaJ dec'.slOn: .· . . . , rr.ck Butler,': Mr, Jiar~mann, iri ; ! W_ASHINGTON. Jan. 21 :- i Mrd. ~r.ben, 48 _ye~r~ 01~·- has, .addition to his responsibility·- . 'President· Ford ep rtedly . ·1 n a it1on to wr1tmg JOkes f ....... --- .. . . ·- " I •· .. ··· ._ __ :: ..... ..'. . r 0 . ·• u~- for televisiOf! comedians, been or Sj)ee~hwriting. at the White

1_': .• , ..

-f~_appy with tiie quality of h~s, a speech writer for a. number Ho11,se, 1s also -m- charge or~o-·

1speeches, has reshuffled htslof political and business. fig- all. White .. House· correspon~<-~-·

jspeech-writing staff, the W~ite ures. He_ :·1:V111 now guide; the dence, Pres.id~ntial . ~es.sages-~:~:-~_-. ffioi.i~e aisclosed today: . .····· speechwntmg process from the and research. . : . - ' . :•J-... • .,: \ Ron Nessen the White House t1m~ ~he . speech .is. scheduled . Other. personnel ch!lnges are,,:'.:j-· I ' . . , until the final draft is written. expec~ed. at the White House·:;;:. .• __ j press secretary,_ said m re- The upheaval was. viewed soon. S~veral ··members of the .-:-··_;

1 sponse ·to . questions that four by some White House :staff Domestic Council staff, which ·~ ;:_rlt ,

I: speech. writers on tile staff of aides as another indication of helps. prepare dom~stic pro-· i (.~ Robert T. Hartmann, counselor I a loss of authority by Mr. Hart- grams. for the President; are. :.

5~ ~ Ito Pre~i?ent _Fo~d, had left_· f_or,m_ann; one of-¥r~. Ford'.s oldest !eavi~g ei~herfor ot~er Admif!· ·:~:

I othi:_rc JOc_s_ ~1~~m. the A.'?11 .•. 1ms-,friends ll-fl_d close.· st. adviser~. . 1strat1on. i_o~.s .or priv. ate. bus1" :;:._ • .,;~ traulln. · .. - .- _ _. . · ; Mr. Hartmann .recently yield- ness. . . . . . . . • ,,

Robert Orben, a former script ed his role as chief political Acc~rding t'() one knowledge•.-~~'~':! ; wri,ter for Red Skel_ton and jad.vis. er ~o the fres.ident. to Rog- a_ble a ___ 1de,_ a couple of Dome~~ ·:,· ' 'rJac.c Paar: the cemediarts, has ~rs C.'!3. Mortoi:i. who is mov- tic C~unc1I staff members v.:1n ··:.,~~ been put :m charge of speech- mg . to the White House .. after be.· transferred. to. other White ·_- ,·

l\''.ritin.:g_· operations ·und. er the serving as Sec __ retary_.·of _co_m- Ho.use positi~ns so .. !~at they.'::~.~~- · direction of Mr. Hartmann. merce. . . . . . -.· : - .. ., - can engage . m · a:ct1v1t1es that·· . -.·: I . The ·change · follows ~hat · . Earlier Key Charge:. ;.. . )llight be regar?ed as p~litical_. · ·c . .',~~'

!White House sources described! .. ·. . •· , . • . .. · The Dqmestic Council, which . 2.s an outburst· of anger· last ~r. Ha_rtTr!ann s_ chief ass1s- was created by Coi:igress, is.:.,~·

!v:eek oy President Ford· over tanL, John _T. Calkins, .'V:ho act- ccwered. by .. the .Hatch Act; ,_,,, :what Ile. was. .. ,said to regard ed .as _Wht~e House ha1s~n. to which prohibits political activ\.: ~~~: I "-S an unsatisfactory perfor- Repubhc;an _ Party · officials ty by Federal.employees. . .. •- .... 11~ance in the preparation of ?round the_ country, recent!Y . One :of~ose said to ~e mov• -~=;, . i his State. of the Union Me~sage. ~eft to .. r_un . fo_r. S:c_>ngress . m mg . out. of 'the council staff :'.'~' · .. I Although the President was a

1 special election m upsta~e on this. basis is James H. Cav- :;';·

! r_ep~rted t_I? be happy with the I New \9rk. J'l'o replacement will_ an~~gh;. who reporte~ly will_./~_ r fmal . version, he was said to be assigned tP Mr, .Hartma~. · b~' named J)eputy Assistant to· · : I hin;e displayed sharp irritation . ·· Othe~ speechwr1ters :imam- th_e Pl'e:lident for Domestic Af·"·':~~· 11ast Friday over squabbles \ng on Mr._ Hartmimn $.staff fairs. ~.,,y, ;;.;; · . · .:.:.:-; ar.:ong his staff ab_out the F " ' • speech an~j delays in ccmp!e- · tion of a satisfactory d~aft. I He was said fo have demanded an acceptable draft from Mr.

1

1 .

Hartmann in 24 ·hours: .· . , New Jobs of the four ·

1.

Mr: . N"essen r(!ported toda/ that Paul Theis, who. had been I the' number one speech writeri under Mr Hartmarin, was leav~j" irig to become Deputy Assistant · Secretary of Agriculture forj Public Af!airs and Congression'J al Relat10ns .. Robert Rousekl who. has been on detail to! the \Vhite HOuse from the Ge- · neral· S~tvices· Administration;j· is returning to that agency.I

Another speech- writer Jack. Casserly,. is moving to. an· un-/1 specified job. In the :Interior Department. And Kay Pullen is -becoming· a speech writer!

fo~~~s~:C0::h \V~it~rs r~~orted"j ly will be hired. next- month! ~o replace- the .. four who· have! ,eparted. · . · , 1

F';:c3ident· Ford was .said w: eel that a number· of. hisi :pe.e .. _ches.:,were, na_Lcouched _1nl1

ie straightforward, simple rhet-· me· :that ,he. believes,, is.- his! pr9per style. He is also. said. to ~.have been .concerned thatj some• of:: the substan.ce . ot' his. speeches emerged as policy de-i

Se1e;v1ee ;J-?Ptf/

: ·-···--· ...•. .,, ..... ~.~ .-

East Coast ·Republicans· jgenerally prefer Ford

By George Moneyhun Staff correspondent of

The Christian Science Monitor Newark, New Jeney

·Most Repubfican on the populous East Coast look at President Ford as a fresh breeze to blow away the last remnants of the Watergate scandal. ;

"Many qualified candidates never had a chance, as usually Republican districts went Democratic in the wake of Watergate," explains Van Dyke Pollitt, an active party leader in northern New Jersey. Like many

. Republicans who paid $100 a plate to hear President Ford speak at a fund-raising dinner here over the weekend, Mr. Pollitt speaks glowingly of. the openness and integrity he says Mr. Ford has restored to the White House - and to the Republican Party.

Although many East Coast Republicans consider themselves a bit more "moderate'! or "liberal" than Mr. Ford, most share the President's views on holding down govern­ment spending. State committees in Pennsyl­vania and New York alreaclY bave=en«toi-sed President Ford for the Republican nomination .

.:...-_..,.,·~- -:·-' -, ..... - -

next year; and other Eastern states are likely to follow suit. : ·

But Republican regulars concede that GOP · presidential candidates traditionally do not · fare well in the largely liberal Northeast. For that reason, they are urging Mr. Ford to keep Vice-President Rockefeller, who has a more liberal reeord, on the ticket next year.

"If Rockefeller were jettisoned, I don't think the ticket would be successful anywhere in the country," argues New York State Committee Chairman Richai'd M. Rosen­baum. Most ReP.ublicans here see a Ford­Reagan ticket as too narrowly based to attract

. the "Moderate" voters they will need next November. · ··

A· sore spot with· many· New Yorkers has been the President's refusal to provide New York City with federal backing in the city's current budget crisis. But it is mainly Demo­crats who are calling for ~port; Republicans generally agree with the President's view that the city should set its own house in order. ·.

Republicans 'see New York City as a .. bottomless pit" ·or "a Mecca for welfare recipients from across the country." As one high party official put it, "Ther.e isn't enough money in the world to bail out·· New York City." They add that there isn't a ghost of a

. chance New York City would vote Republican anyway.

Democrats, howe~r. saw some irony in President Ford's choosing to speak. in New­ark, a city that symbolizes most of the urban problems they charge Mr. Ford with neglect-

ting. . _.·· . :· · · Mayor Kenneth Gibson told this reporter

outside the hotel where the President spoke . that he woiild not attack Mr. Ford's policies while he was acting .as official host, but the Democratic Mayor did say• that financially hard-pressed Newark· was paying $30,000 for some 500 city pcilicemen. to protect the President during his visit. · ·

Security for the President's visit was extremely tight. P-olicemen lined the stree~ for blocks around; . several . were on i:oofs of surrounding buildings; a helicopter· hovered overhead: all visitors to the hotel were checked and some were frisked .

. . . :;·.:··:·:. ~-. -- '"-~ -~-·~,~~-~~:i}~:~·--~--

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WAsf.f- fo-;T ::r~T 3"

Ford Beefing up in Florida By Lou Cannon

Washington ·Post Staff Writer

President Ford yesterday moved to bolster his sagging campaign organization in Florida, where his strategists now believe he has the op­portunity to defeat Republican challenger Ronald Reagan.

Rep. Lou Frey Jr. tR-Fla.), the President's campaign manager in Florida, today is -to announce the names of two political organizers sent by the national campaign organization to manage the Ford campaign in Florida.

One of them is William Russo. former executive director of the North Carolina GOP and a politician with a reputation for orgauizing ability. '

So far. as the President's national campaign managers freely acknowledge. organization is what has been almost totally lacking in Mr. Ford's Florida campaign.

··It is very frustrating," one of· the President's leading strategists said yesterday. "On the one hand we're tied with Reagan in the polls in a state where he is supposed.to win going away. On the other we haven't done a damn thing to take advantage of it.''

Reagan's campaign. under the leadership of former state chairman L.E. <Tommy) Thomas. is making extensive -use of "telephone banks" designed to identify friendly voters.

Mr. Ford's campaign. which

appears to have drawn far derstood and has caused some organization than he now has fewer volunteers than elderly voters to be concerned in Florida to make the most of ~-Reagan's, has barely begun about possible loss of Social his opportunity. the important organizational · Security and· Medicare The principal criticism of I effort of identifying benefits. . Frey and his administrative prospective Ford voters. Published Florida voter assistant, Oscar Juarez, who .

Mr. Ford's strategists think opinion surveys show Mr. is managing the campaign, is ·that the President is doing Ford with a lead among over-' that they have involved well politically in Florida at· 60 voters, who usually turn out themselves in local . this point only because in disproportionately high Republican affairs in an effort

1.

Reagan isn't. They believe numbersinFloridaelections. to promote Frey for a future that the California governor's Paul Cohen. of Gainesville, gubernatorial race. . . plan to transfer. six major head of Opinion Research, While the Ford committee federal programs to state and Inc., . which publishes the was moving to bolster the local government has made Florida Poll, found in a survey . Florida organization, the GOP voters, particularly ' earlierthis month that Florida President's. campaign was elderly voters, uneasy about Republicans were divided encouraged by a spot check of ff prospective increases· in state almost equally three ways state voter registration which : .:."'.: .. ~_&_.: and local taxes. . among Reagan, Ford and ··showed only slight increases ""

The President is expected t'o · undecided voters. · in GOP strength: Reagan ~@ i do all he can to promote .such . Cohen said in a telephone forces had attempted to re~ ~l&l · uneasiness when he visits interview this week that the register Democrats for the ,~C Florida on Feb. 16 inthe first Ford support is "extremely March9primary. . .

11~_-.·.\ _;_:'.'.!··.·

of two scheduled campaign . volatile." · · · . Mr. Ford got another boost '!'!:ii trips into the state. "The majority of people from the results of GOP

One Republican strategist trust arid like him but think.he precinct caucuses in Hawaii, said that Mr. Ford is expected is 'indecisive," Cohen said. which showed him with nearly to stress '.'anti-inflation ·."They have doubts about his two-thirds of the vote and a 1· .. ·

issues" and depict himself as handling the of the economy prospective 17-to-2 lead over -h a President who is trying to and doubts whether he can Reagan in delegates. , .. help the elderly anCI others on win." , . · fixed incomes by cutting Cohen said Reagan's sup- Money for i\llT @1 spending and lowering the .port has remained relatively Reuter ©ii.~_< inflation rate. · . lUldecided, while many of Mr. WM · At the sa'me time-_ this Ford's supporters have move«f .· OSAKA, Japan. Jan. 29-A 1

1.:_ ... ·.

Republican said,. Mr. ·Ford into the undecided category as leading Japanese electric will remind voters, as hedid in the President's fortunes have appliance maker announced Yi his State of.lhe Union address, gone up and down. The fact .~oday that it will contribute $1 I of the dangers of abrupt' that they have·nofshifted-fu million to the Massachusetts 'ii changes in.federal programs. ·. Reagan is significant, and Institute of Technology to

1.

· Reagan has called for ,the · may indi<!~te that Mr. Ford establish a "Matsushita . ." ··systematic transfer" of can regain their support, he professorship,." The Mat­federal programs to the states· said. t-· · , sushita el~trical industrial rather than any abrupt But it1 is the opinion of of- company said the money was , ·change. But it is the opinion of· ficials at the. Preside~t Ford _ aime? at ex~anding . res~r- ': Mr. Ford's strategists that the Committee that Mr. Ford ches m electrical engmee1:mg , program. is not· well un- ·· needs a far ·better inthemedicalsciencefie_1~· ·:.!_::, \

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Hobart Rowen

Ford Edges Reagan j In Battle of the Budget

/ President Ford has presented the nation with a budget that has been honed and polished to meet the right-wing challenge of Ronald Reagan-but still leaves a significant gap between them. In terms of political skill, Mr. Ford ap­pears to have the edge at the moment. ·

Both men strike the same theme: They are appalled, they say, by the monstrous size of today's fede~al government. ·

But where President Ford would cut spending by $28 billion from some theoretical

Economic Impact

level that has never been well-de fined, Reagan-no

. piker-would slash ex-penditures $90 billion by turning scores of welfare; education and health programs over to the states.

• Reagan has come in for " much scorn and criticisn since :, he first launched the $90 11 billion figure in a speech to the ·

Executive Club of Chicago on Sept. 26, 1975.

Perhaps the unkindest cut of all, as Reagan views it, has been the comparison of his

scheme to Sen. George McGovern's $1,000 giveaway program in 1972: McGovern has lately admitted that this iBd ea wasn't carefully researched, and it is becoming painfully clear that Reagan's wasn't either.

At ~ budget press briefing for reporters (incidentally, where President Ford suc­cessfully played out one of Harry ·Truman's favorite ·roles-that of- budget expert) both Mr. Ford and Vice President Rockefeller gleefully pounded the Reagan plan.

"Totally impractical," Mr. Ford snapped. "I can't imagine 50 states having all of these programs dumped on them and then having to in~ crease taxes if they want the programs continued."

Rockefeller, enjoying a rare moment in the limelight at a presidential podium .when Mr. Ford a:sked him to elaborate, was even more cutting. The Reagan plan, he said, "would Balkanize Alnerica." ::. . .: .•· ·

Not unexpectedly, Reagan is trying to soften the harsh

·outlines of his proposal, stressing that the $90 billion chop wouldn't come all at

. once, but would be phased in over a period of time.

But whatever Reagan and his people now say, a re­reading of the Chicago speech

· leaves little doubt that the $90 ' billion '..'cut" is a hollow idea,

·recklessly tossed out, with little thought to its economic .orsocialconsequences. .

:'In an interview a few weeks ago, Reagan aide Jeff Bell said that the former California governor "doesn't make value

·judgments on which federal prorgrams are necessary or barnful, good or bad-that

. sh<iuld be up to the states." His basic objective, rather, is to reduce the size of the federal government, and return power to the states. · That this philosophy has had an. impact on President Ford can be seen from his budget proposal to consolidate 59 categorical grant programs

· into four "block" grants that would give states total discrimination in spending •money .. But under the Ford plan,J Uncle San would still supply the money-growing more slowly year to year if Mr. Ford had his way. . 'IJ:!e President's suggestion,

'See IMPACT. Cll. Col. I

. . ' • • • ' • ' '~.1 T·":.. ~- • : <; '.' •i. '

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• "' ,_. __ :r ' '• • '• • •I - • • "• -

·:i -. :·!

nvites Reagan Compai-isO~ Washington Post Staff Writer

DURHAM, N.H., Feb. 8 -President Ford today invited the American public to con- · . trast his record in Congress and the White House with the

. "rhetoric and words" of his rival for the Republican

_,.<.p~esidential nomination, ·· Ronald Reagan. . __ .

· · Coming as close as he has to · direct criticism of Reagan, the

President told a news con­ference at the Univm;ity of

.; . New Hampshire here that he will not debate the former

. California governor, nor does . be think it is necessary;

"I've got a record," Mr. l. .. Ford said. "The public knows l , what my record is. If they ··want to compare it to the

i . · rhetoric and words of former . . G'ov. Reagan, I think that i · would be a very legitimate .~ _ :~~~~ the American people

:" .,_ "We can't say one thing and

'

· . ~o.~~~h~r~ve to deal ~ith. reality, and we have. When . the chips are down, I think the

. • i P.eople will want a proven _ quality, -rather than one who

·. has never had to make those ·.· hard decisions." .. Mr. Ford also reiterated his ··-determination to stay in the

Mr. Ford, 'rioting:. that nuclear power' plants:' are regulated •by an independent .. federal agency, struck back at are':Jiojnajor differences In Loeb today. phll0sophy. between himself .

"This President ls not going and the formei]~·alifornla ; to exert any lllegal or governor; the President told : tmethical pressure on an ln- more than 1,000 Ford cam-, dependentagency,"hesaid. , paign workers . · tOday that i

The President traveled here · "there are ·very, very Im-' by motorcade from Concord ·portant differences that ought i this afternoon. Arriving on the to be discussed~' in the: University of New Hampshire · primary.campaign. · · ; campus, he was greeted by .. -"We know something about! s~veral hundred students who running the federal govern- i waved signs and shouted ment," Mr. Ford added: slogans calling him the· pointedly. , . . . .- i President of "big business." -,This remark'; with its un-; • Tonight, Mr. Ford spoke to spoken mes,sage that Reagan ! 3,500 people'ln the-.camP.US · has had no experience in: gym: _ana•;theri -:~~wer~ ' national office, is a cenfral: questions'· rrom:'stttdents :.for theme o( th~ .Ford campaign' . <· .· ., :·· .,? ;;o!';/<:::.,;,' . - I . ~:r:· of ~~t!nrn~~~S~!~ti°w~~~ . nrork~~.!i· aii,~our;:1'.here I heavy .. responsibilities i1t were a few students with anti- : Washington. Mr. Ford. unlike Ford signs and some heckling · Reagan and ·the pack of from the audience, but overall Democratic presidential

:ti!fZti~;:;~e~ warm, can~i-d~t~~;,;~~-~~'2]moved ·•

- The President's appearance - :~2~~if~~;t1!~,~~f1 _· _:~ :- _ . in the campus gym, the i throup-.1'1ew-· Hampshire this largest and most public event j weekencf~. a.,:-aomewhat of this initial two-day cam- - I · - - · k" paign swing, was considered I lei1uNt Y-'pace;cspea mg to

manager here, Rep. James C. Cleveland <R-N.H. l, com­

' plained about thattoday. ~-

-"I can't take him down the main streets. to meet Hie people the way I campaign and the way he used to campaign in Grand Rapids," he said.

Cleveland and former New Hampshire Republican Sen. Norris . Cotton. honorary chairman of the Ford cam­paign here, said they have detected an upswing in the President's standing among the state's GOP voters in · recent days.

Nevertheless. Ford cam­paign officials here. believing the race between Reagan and . the President to be close, expect Mr. Ford to return here the ' weekend before Iha primary for at least one more day or campaigning.

'· . ·-·

' I

. .c;OJ.> presidential race -through the Republican National Convention in Kansas City in August, regardless of the outcome of

by Ford aides to be the most selected audiences such as the successful appe · c· h. j · Nashua Chamber of Com-

. arance 0 • is merce Saturday night . _ trip._ After the question .. _ His message to the con-

sess1on, Mr. Ford was ! _ . . .. · . ·

the Feb. 24 New Hampshire primary or the other

·primaries. He said he is o~ timistic about his chances here and in the other' primary states, and that he expects to win the nomination.

Mr. Ford's questioners at the news conference here

. were representatives of the · ~ew Hampshire press and ·several questions involved local issues, among them· delays in constructing a nuclear power plant near Seabrook; N.H., tll&t would mean about 3,000 new jobs in the area._ _ :William. Loeb, publlstier of

· the .conservative Manchester Union Leader n~w~paper. and an: a,vid~ia.n ~cker,; has demanded·••tbat-.Mr; ·Ford speed up·l&sWiii~' oh f~deral pemiino build Ufe plallt.

· surrounded ... by · students ·1 · .se~vahve Repu~hcans here ~n reaching to shake h' h d. , this two-day trip has Heen, m _ . IS an 1 effect, that he wants to return

.· In Concord earlier tod8y~ l power .an~ responsibility to Mr. Ford said he welcomes J . state and .local governments the competition brought on by : as much.as Reagan does, but Reagan's Challenge. · · that he has a better way to do

· · , · ._it - revenue sharing and Although less

0

than a week . · block grants from the federal ago Mr. Ford said in a ~-government . -television interview that there. Ry campaigning as ,

_,.,,., . · ....... .

President. Mr. Ford has been ·prevented Crom doing much of the personal hand-shaking type of campaigning that many New Hampshire residents. reportedly have come io expect. The Preside_n_t's campaign

- . . ···-::.·Z··_, . . . . . ... , . . , . - } - . ,'

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- ; ·.''

CHICAGO - Grass roots support for Ronald Reagan within the dwindling but

• · ever more conservative lllionis Republican Party threatens to make a Waterloo out of a state still regarded by President Ford's national strategists as total insurance against early reverses.

The Illinois primary March 16 has al­ways been counted on in the Ford cam­paign for an overwhelming victory in a· major industrialized state to negate possi­ble earlier losses in less significant New Hampshire and Florida. But if Mr. Ford loses those primaries, at best he could hope for a narrow win in Illinois and at worst a shattering defeat - a Waterloo - that would .conceivably bring an incredible early end to the incumbent President's campaign for the nomination.

The problem in Illinois, as elsewhere, is that the regular Republican organization and its hierarchy constitutes a Potemkin Village without substance. Although Mr. Ford still leads in.private Illionis polls, far greater Reagan intensity at the grass.roots makes it unwise for the President to de­pend on this st<:te to salvage his campaign.

This contrasts sharply with a,ssurances given Republicans nationwide by Howard H. Callaway, the Ford campaign chairman. Scarcely three months ago, Callaway was privately predicting 90 percent of the vote in the preferential primary (called th!!! "beauty contest" here because it does not: affect delegates) plus 100 out of 101 dele-

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. Waterloo~---.·s~ -':

gates (the only Reagan delegate being· his state chairman, Rep. Philip Crane).

This nonsense has been counteract.id by sober, confidential reports to the White House that Reagan could win a third of the delegates elected by district on March 16. But, seemingly bemused by presidential invincibility, even those Ford partisans as­sume a runaway in the beauty contest.··

Such continuing unrealistic forecasts ' are ba~ed on a gross overestimate of what the President gained in enlisting· almost the entire Republican hierarchy, heade4.i>y · Ogilvie and Sen. Charles H. Percy .. ;;:· . '

. . .1 .< ... Rowland Evans and Robert Novak are

syndicated columnists . ~.·

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~ALL,_ .. STREET JOURNAL,

Politics ~!zp1e

WASHINGTON-A few weeks ago, a dozen "liberal" and "moderate" Republi· can Senators visited President Ford and urged him to get oU ·the conservative kick they thought he was on.

. They argUed that he had the GOP nomi· nation locked up and didn't have to worry about conservative defections at the con· ventlon. But, they warned, his current con· servative . stance is creating a hard-to· change image that will cost him needed in· dependent and Democratic votes in the · final election. ·

Both propositions may be correct, but not necessarily. ..

The Senators are right in emphasizing that an aspiring candidate must wor'f! about two constituencies-one that nom1· nates and one that elects-and that these are often philosophically quite different.

. But they are not always so different 1;hat a , campaign aimed at the former inevitably

estranges the latter. The general electorate unquestionably

: Is less conservative than the Republican nominating constituency. Yet quite con· ceivably many Democrats and indepen· dents will be in a passionately antispending mood next fail, and a strongly conservative Ford line may suit a majority of 1976 vot­ers very well.

Admittedly, though, this is debatabl~. What is not debatable is that the Repubh· can nominating constituency is highly con­servative, and that despite Mr. Ford's ad· vantages as an incumbent, the Ronald Reagan appeal is ~ure to be substantial.

• • • All one needs to do is note the near-hys-

teria in the conservative establishment

l e. ach time Mr. Ford buys a liberal-appear· ing proposal (such as the $100 billion en·

' ergy development plan) or gives Vice ! President Rockefeller even the slightest ' pat on the back.

. Human Events, for instance, plugs Mr. Reagan hard in every issue, .and the Amer­ican Conservative Union's la,test Bat· tleline newsletter front-pages a picture of

·Rocky· in a Motisekcteer hat, a headline that "Rockefeller Pushes Big Government Despite What He Says in the South," and a. lead that declares: "Chris Jorgensen went

\

to Denmark and became Christine Jorgen· sen; Nelson Rockefeller went South and be- I came Adam Smith." '

. I

i Just how did. the Republican establish­! ment become quite so conservative? It 1 used to be, back in the 1940s and early

1950s, that the more liberal Eastern wing dominated the party. Most GOP governors and Senators from big. battleground states are still in the party's moderate-to-liberal wing: Senators like Javits of New York, Percy of Illinois, Taft of· Ohio, Scott of

· Pennsylvania; governors like Milliken of. Michigan and Rhodes of Ohio.

. Thus it would seem logical to expect ; these same men and their supporters to ! have a strong vojce in the national party.

I Yet actually, in ihe past 15 or 20 years, they've had progressively less weight. .

Witness how one-sidedly the liberals lost their 1972 effort at the Miami convention to give populous states a larger share of fu· ture convention delegates. ·Or .how the na· tlonal committee "recently watered down I

1 proposals to increase the party role of ' women, young people .and minorities. Or

the way extremely conservative Sen. Cur­tis of. Nebraska defeated Mr. Javits this year to become chairman of the Senate Re· publican Conference. · . The reasons for this liberal loss of strength are many. As participation in the two parties steadily declines, it's the more moderate, independent-leaning men and women who drop out. Jobs, contracts, and other concrete rewards for party activity are largely gone, and ideology becomes the dominant motivation. The more conserva­tive elements thus bulk ever larger in Re'. publican ranks, just as the more liberal elements bulk larger in Democratic ranks, and it's these true believers who are par­ticularly active in battles for ·convention delegates and other key party posts. . . . '

The make-up of Congress and the ~tate legislatures also limits the influence of the more liberal Republicans. The GOP gover­nors and Senators who must run statewide in big states with large numbers of Demo· crate and independents frequently feel ob· liged to tack left, or at least not go too far right. .

But in the House of Representatives and I in state ,legislatures, most Republicans-at i least those who remain aro.und f.or several 1·

~erms and thus build party seniority and power-tend -to come from safe districts. · And safe Republican districts tend to be I very conservative districts, just as safe Democratic districts tend to be very liberal.

The areas of rising Republican strength 1

: also are well to the right. Republican or-. ganizatlons have been losing ground in the

Northeast and other places where GOP • leaders have long leaned to the liberal · side.-The GOP has been gaining ground in

the South, Southwest, and Rockies, places where the Republicans are extremely con·

' servative, and thus reenforce the more

I! traditional Republican . conservatives from

the Mi~e~t, and_ P!ains; , ;~> .

I Still other factors help explain the lack

of liberal-moderate clout within the party. In order to gain Democratic and indepen­dent votes, many of these Republicans play down their party ties; they run media cam· paigns, frequently with their own personal organizations and at some distance from the regular party apparatus. This not only offends the more partisan Republicans but also establishes a pattern where these lib· erai·s, once elected, continue to go their . own way.

Frequently, liberal GOP oUice-holders make alllances with liberal Democrats to win their legislative goals, and this tends · to make them even more suspect in con· servative eyes. Many liberals tend to be of· fensively arrogant and condescending to­wards the (obviously Jess intelligent) party conservatives.

It takes no great effort for President Ford to follow an essentially conservative course. No matter what Hwnan Events or Battleline may ·say, he is by philosophy and habit clearly in the more conservative branch of the Republican Party; he

/ couldn't have climbed the leadership lad· 1 der in the House if he hadn't been.

But personal philosophy aside, he also I has practical political pressures . holding him to the right-certainly for now, and perhaps for much longer. · ·

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sp~ndif.9 0111 W~PHouse POiiticking /411·1,, Re~ches .$300,000; More. ts· Budgeted ,,

. I .

- a political committee, puts a $10 mil-' was preparing a request for an advi-lion ceiling on spending by ·a candi: sory opinion from the Federal Elec-

-<. ~y ROBERT SHOGAN '< Times Political Writer

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WAS~GTON~The Republican National Committee disclosed Thurs­day that it had already spent abciut $300,000 on White House political ac­tivities this year and has budgeted about $200,000 more for such items for the remainder of 1975.

The figures were made public in · response to press inquiries prompted . by the White House announcement last week that it expected Mr. Ford's political travel expenses for the rest

. of 1975 to be paid by the Republican • National Committee rather than by . Mr. Ford's own campaign committee. : Mark Siegel, executive director of i the Democratic National Committee, • said he was "stunned" by the size of the Republican. committee's spending, in view of the present $5,000 federal legal limit on the amount of money

· that a· political committee, such as . the Republican National Committee, : • can spend on behalf of a presidential • candidate, such as Mr. Ford.

Siegel said the Democratic commit­tee was-considering asking the Fed­eral'Election Commission for a ruling on tl)e Republicans' expenditures. "We are looking at this very serious­ly and we have met with our coun­sel," he said.

date for the presidential nomination. ~ tion Commission "which will illus-If Mr. Ford's 1975 political activi- ·trate the purpose of the expenditures

ties are all considered to be in fulfill- and offer a rationale for these ccists ment of his role as a party leader, as being assumed by the national politi-the White House and the Republican cal parties rather than the taxpayers.!' committee contend, then. the spend- Earlier in the day, one aspect of · ing to cover .his costs would not be · .the growing controversy surrounding charged against the $10 million Mr. Ford's campaign finances came spending limit as a candidate. before the election commission. It

Chairman Smith described the Re~ ruled, over Democratic objections, publicans' spending as "White House that the President's political commit-expenditures incurred by the Pres- tee did not have to pay the costs of ident, Vice President and members of an anticipated trip by Mr. Ford to _their staff when engaged in party New Hampshire to take part in the promotive matters." special Senate election campaign."

Under this heading, approximately The commission endorsed an opin-$309,000 has either been paid out or ion by its general counsel, John G. is awaiting payment by the Republi- Murphy, who held that the expenses can committee so far this year, she for Mr. Ford, and for Ronald Reagan, said. She noted that there is a 60- to who- is scheduled to campaign 'in 90-day lag between the date some New Hampshire next week for Re-expenditures are incurred and the publican candidate Louis Wyman, time the bills come in to GOP head- ·could be· covered by Wyman's cam-quarters. . · paign organization.

A Republican committee spokes- · Murphy acknowledged that · the man said no breakdown was availa- New Hampshire appearances might ble on how much of the $309,000 had have some "carryover effect" on the . been spent since Mr. Ford officially presidential campaigns of Mr. Ford declared himself a candidate in July, and of Reagan. ·· or how much had been spent for Vice But he contended that their visits President Rockefeller's travel. But he . would probably have greater impact said that most of the expenses had ·on the Senate election, scheduled for

. .,c . , presidential primary next March in Bpth the White House and the Re­

publican committee· have defended expenditure of larger sums on the grounds that Mr. Ford has been con-

l?deeennt.incurred~.~--~ .. '" .. ·.-b.,~. alf of. the Pres- Sept.16, than on the New Hampshire

In her prepafed·· · ent, Smith which both Mr. Ford and Reagan . ~said that the. Repu ~· COllruiel may well compete.

ducting his political activity iri his ._role as party leader, not as a candi- , date for nomination. . . I

"Historically, the two national p~- : ties have paid certain expenditures of : the President incurred in his role as i

head of the party in serving party [ goals," Republican National Chair-I

·man Mary Louise Smith said. She j said the present budget and expendi-

. tures for such activities "are compa­

. rablen to previous years. In 1974 the Republican committee

budget for party-related activities of the White House was $536,000 and in 1973 it was $372,000, a spokesman said.

. But the Democratic committee's ' :'·-·"~,B--~iegel called such references to tradi-/

· '~;.,; tional: pr~ctices ridiculous because of I · .·the new s~ndards for federal-~·- _.,

' · paign financing enacted by Congress~';';"­- in 1974 iri the wake of the Watergate: · .. · scandalS. . . · : . I .. ··

The new law, in addition to irilpo~: · · ing a $5,000 limit on contributions bv

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l fi ..._, J ( ' 11 .

/-or l·f ------------·

F0fd\h8Vir;l9--Second .thqUghts abOUf N~Y.? · • .. -.· ... · .... f Richard L. Strou! of an earlier statement that he opposed direct and federal governments pay welfare costs for.

taff correspondent of federal intervention and persuaded President most cities, but New York picks up a quarter hristian Science Monitor Ford to review the claim that the city is being of the $4 billion bill. · · · ·

. Washington short-changed by.Washington. Yes, there's an "anti-city feeling" in Amer-Evidence grows that the Ford adminis- One of those making the quick survey is ica, Mr. Landrieu, says, though it is. dimin-

tration is taking a more serious view of a - Treasury Secretary William E. Simon who ishing; but Something must be done as_...the . pos&ble default ol the biggest city in the told the Joint Economic Committee of Con- middle class and wealthy flee the central

country, New York. gress, Sept. 24, that the effect of the city's cities, slums grow, buildings deteriorate, ah,d As values of New York municipal bondS · possibledefaultonU.S.capitalmarketSwould taxbaSesfall. . · :;:.:, .·

sank under uDravorablenews, New York State be "tolerable and temporary.'~ · '' bondS also declined and Gov. Hugh L. Carey Mayor Landrieu was one of 14 mayors who · R . . f d · \'.!i. hurried to urge federal aid. appealed in person to Congress la-;t week in a USSl8n ICQnS OUn /:i·

The president of the U.S. Conference of situation which, they asserted, was growing in mUSeUm basement.··;··.·:.~ Mayors, Mayor Moon Landrieu of New or- towardnationaldisaster. ,, leans, characterized the Ford administration •s Mayor Landrieu, reiterating his views to By Reuter · '- · attitude to a breakfast group of reporters this reporters here, noted two latest blows to New , Mosco~·' ·: · week as "callous" and "insensitive." York in its touch-and-go melodrama: HundredS of priceless Russian icons and,

Sen. James L. Buckley, New York Conser- A state court has banned investment <if $125 manuscripts dating to the 15th century hav~. ·. vative-Republican, apparently thought better million from state pension fundS in a rescue been found rotting and uncared for in the ·

operation that Albany is organizing,. _and vaults of -'one of Moscow's most famous. bankers have intimated to the state Housing museums, a Soviet newspaper rep<irts. Finance Agency that they will not buy its The trade union daily Trud said the dis­forthcoming $69 million offering in the next covery was made when a . new director took two weeks. over at the Kolomenskoye Museum earlier

Thus the crisis of the city is involving the this year. state, in Mayor . Landrieu's view, and may The Kolomenskoye is a former church · move to the nation at a time of recession and settlement where Peter the Great and other unemployment. What is happening to New czars spent their childhoods. York, he says, may happen to Boston, Detroit, · An investigation team fotmd icons of the New Orleans, and other.big cities. 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries piled up under a

New York City may have lived "beyond its damp staircase, paint flaking off the rotting means," the chairman of the U.S. Conference wood, and manuscripts lying in moldy heaps of Mayors said, but consider these facts: The on the floor, Trud reported. city charges an 8 percent sales tax, "the At least 120 items from the collection had tµghest of any place I know'' ; it charges an 8.5 been stolen or lost during the 18-year manage­percent property tax, described ¥ "astro- ; ment of the former museum director, Boris nomical"; furthermore, thewelfareburden in 'Zheronsky, the newspaper said. He is now a New York is unique, Mr. Landrieu says. State senior official in the Culture Ministry, it said.·

The Muskie Flavor·

/ Of Ford Strateg.~ By DENNIS FARNEY ,; ...

WASHINGTON ...:. h Gerald R. f~rd going to become the Ed Muskie of 1976? ··- -

As President Fwd gears up for the Re· publican primaries, there are some eerie similarities in his emerging strategy and that of the Democratic candidate who ' sailed so confidently into 1912.

Remember Ed Muskie? He wasn't ex· citing, his backers conceded, but he was a decent sort of fellow, familiar and reassur· Ing. He didn't take controversial stands on the issues; he simply urged voters to "Trust Muskie." He pledged to enter every , primary. He basked in the endorsements of ! scores of blg·name Democrats. .

1 Only In retrospect did Ed Muskie real· ;

ize his whole campaign had rested upon false assumptions and false opttmlsm. Vot· ers, it developed, vent their spleen in Pl'esl· dential primaries; they tend to go for strong personalities and strong positions. Having committed himself to entering ev· ery primary, he couldn't concentrate on any primary. His blg·name endorsements 1

counted far nothing against George Mc· Govem's organization of anonymous door· bell ringers.

Does all this sound like anyone we ; !mow? . I

I. Gerald R. Ford Isn't exciting; his back·

I era concede, but he's. a decent fellow, fa. millar and reassuring; "He comes across

I as the guy you know," says a Ford· cam­i palgn organizer. "The guy you could sit 1 down and have a chat with." J Like any comparison, the Muskie-Ford

I analogy breaks down ll one carries it too far, but there are still more similarities.

Gerald Ford has taken some controver-1 slal stands-his pardon for Richard Nixon,

1 for example, and his refusal to help New York City-but, like Ed Muskie; he has yet to hit upon a theme that unllles his actions and makes them sound exciting.

He and his speechwrlters have tried out, , and apparently abandoned, "The New r Agenda" and "A Fresh Start" as cam­paign themes. He has flailed Congress for I spending too much money, then proposed a· $100 billion energy f.tnanclng scheme of his own, and then seemed to lose intereSt In that idea and returned to flailing Congress. Through all these starts and stops the only theme that has remained constant· is the

·Muskie-like emphasis on personality. Ger· iild Ford, as his spokesmen keep ·remind· Ing us, Is "open" "decent" .and "honest." You ·can aln}_ost see the bumper stickers: ' "Trust Ford." .

Like ·. Ed Muskie, Gerald Ford has pledged to enter every single primary, even though his prospective opponent, ~­aid Reagan, Is concentrating heavily ~ciii .. New Hampshire and Florida. And like Ed Muskie, he has collected big-name endorse­ments by the si:ore. There Is. reassurance In their very heft and,bulk. ; .. ': ·=:>:=-

"Take Wisconsin," .. says. a pollUcaL'ad· viser to the President. '(There's no· ques­tion that the President will have all the party leaders· behind him for. the primary there. They're convinced he's going to be nominated. And when you get to the con· vention (non-primary) · states, they're wired for him already."

· ·But are things· really .'"wtred":.tor the .. President? Given all the slDliWdty to theli hapless Muskie campaign;·' one sUBPectS · . they aren't. On the other hand, President · Ford does enjoy some cruoi81 advant8ges that Ed Muskie never had-advantages which cause Sen. Muskie's old staff direc­tor to believe that history may riot neces· sarily repeat ltselt.

Berl Bernhard, who oversaw the Muskie campaign, says he has Indeed been gripped by a sense of deja w in recent weeks. "But I still think the situation is not funda· mentally analogous," he continues, "be· cause we're talking about a sitting Presl· dent this time."

As an Incumbent, President Ford "does . control ithe party machinery, and that means he can automatically muster a lot more grassroots support than a Senator ever could do," Mr. Bernhard explains.

I Moreover, he notes, Republican primaries

1 traditionally have been less Issue-oriented than Democratic primaries and Republl· can voters have been more reluctant than Democl'llltic voters to desert incumbents.

But Mr. Bernhard thinks the biggest dif. ference Is that Ed Muskie was nmn1ng in a multi·candldate race while Gerald Ford still has only one prospective opponent, Ronald Reagan. In a primary crowded with candidates of varying views a bland centrist tends to become everybody's sec­ond choice and nobody's first choice, he . says. But in a two-candidate race a bland 1·

centrist should do better. . . · All this shoUld be reassuring· to Gerald Ford's campaign team, a band of rather grim-looking people who haven't had much j to cheer about lately. But there's a catch. For notwithstanding all his caves.ts, Berl Bernhard does think there's a real possibll· tty that Gerald Ford could travel down the same road to oblivion that Ed Muskie did.

U the President falters badly in the early primaries, he says, then Ronald Rea· gan will suddenly look like a serious threat to win the GOP nomination. I1 this hap­pens, members· of the GOP"'s moderate-to­llberal wing may jump in to try to head Mr. Reagan off. And ff they jump in, then Gerald Ford, like Ed Muskie before him, coUld become everybody's second chO!ce In a suddenly crowded race. ·

All this, ol course, is only speculation. Confident Ford campaign men say they're putting together a strong organization in New Hampshire and Florida. And just in case the Prersident falters in those two : states, they've announced plans to counte .... I attack in the second wave of i'>rimaries, in­cluding Wisconsin and Dllnota, where Mid· , westerner Ford should run strongly. "He'll i win the nomination," an inttmate flatly predicts. , ·

Still, the potential for a Muskie-like dis· Integration doe-s exist. Already, moderate· to-liberal GOP Sen. Charles Mathias of Maryland is talldng vaguely about running and Vice President Rockefeller has rather pointedly declined to rule out a race of hiB own if Mr. Ford stumbles in the early -~,,pertainly the Reagan ·camp is pin· n1ng·1ta hopes on a Muskie-like unraveling, I J;.SG: a lot ts riding on Mr. Ford's perfor· I mance · In the next few months. lf every· : thlilg comes together for him, he could win :the nomination in a breeze. But maybe ev· erything won't come together. Then it's at. least conceivable that Gerald Ford · could become a. Republican Muskle-:-a ·"front" runner" who finishes out of the runntng. . ·_ ;

. :··~" ~ ... .o:

l~ r1 L\ s Jc. ie.

·----- ---~ -

For-rl

wasn1ngto11_ .~•re - - i

A Spec:ial Weekly Report From The Wall Street Journal's

Capi~al Bureau

.'FORD'S SHAKE-UP fails to attain its goal of showing strong 11.'adership.

Washington sees a Pre·i!ident struggling: to stay on top, playing "musical chairs," de­pendent on a few old House cronies. Ford al­ready retreats a bit, asking CIA chief Colby to stay for now. Democrats, at Senate con­firmation hearings, will loudly challenge the qualifications of Rumsfeld and Bush. Liber­als will try to extract a no-politics pledge_ from the CIA nominee. ·

Ford angers Republican moderates with Rockefeller's departure from the ticket, yet fails to appease party conservatives. The right cares more about Schlesinger's firi~g. Reagan, sen·sing disorder in the White House, steams ahead harder than ever w­ward a contest with Ford. Press reaction to the shake-up, from both liberal and conserv­ative pundits, is highly critical.

The ordinciry 1Joter may care little abo11t Cabinet changes. At a -dinner for 1,200, Ohio Rep. Hays offered $100 to anyone who could name all 11 Cabinet members; there icere 110 takers.

FORD'S STRATEGIS'.\S grope for a cam· paii:-n theme to captl\'ate the \'oters in 1976. :

Some favor innovation-new ideas, new: . k I programs. Others lean to caut1on-repac -1

a<>'ing of old programs, with ceilings to hold d~wn costs. They argue that efforts at fiscal responsibility _would fit the voters'" mood, counter the Reagan threat. Yet they wonder how to make a negative approach ·seem pos­itive. "How do you make responsibility sexy?" one adviser asks. .

Ford's men- recognize that Demo·crats will attack some of his proposals as pro­business, , others as "anti-people." A strug­gle rages J.n the administration over next year's agenda, with economizers opposing advocates of social programs. Some new 1

initiatives, perhaps a limited health-insur­ance plan, could emerge. But they probably wouldn't affect the budget till after 1977.

Richard Cheney, Rumsfeld's successor, will probably take over as White Hou'!e con­tact man for the election campaign. But un· offiCial political advisers will compete.

WALLACE'S ORGANIZERS map elabo­rate plans to b1Wk his presidential bid.

· Campaign chief Charles Snider offers Im-. pressive evidence· that damaging mistakes of 1972 won't be repeated. In advance of Wallace's formal announcement next

1 Wednesday, aides have already put together '[tentative delegate slates in most primary states. They have held hundreds of meetings;

'with grass-roots workers around .the country• -13 sessions in Massachusetts, 28 -in ~Or' ;da, 16 in C3.lifornia. ·:

1 • ~·-· • :

The Wallace money-raising. apparatus identifies 500,000 reliable c0ntributors to di' I I rect-mail appeals, according t_o Snider. Each _ mailing costs $60,000 but raises $180,000 to $450,000, by his -account. The Wallace cam- -paign now deploys 55 paid operatives; five full-time staffers work just on the big Call fornia primary campaig?l.

Wallace illSists. he is aiming exclu­sively for the Democratic nomination, 1·

!mt Snider gi1Jes advice to gro11ps seek· '; i11(1 to qualify a third party for next N~vember's balloting.

RICHARDSON FACES a likely disap­pointment on his return from London to be­come Secretary .of Commerce. He antici­pates serving as chairman of Ford's Energy

I Resources Council, just as Secretary Morton 1

: has. But the two posts don't automatically I go together. The chairmar.ship will probably , go to either Interior Secretary Kleppe or i Energy Administrator_ Zarb.

I DID HENRY GOOF? One reason for i cooling of Sino-American relations may be I animosity between Kissinger and Deputy Premier Teng Hsiao-ping. After the>r meet­ing last year, Kissinger reportedly called the Chinese leader "a nasty little man." True or not, the story has gotten back to Peking.

FORD'S CHOICE of former Rep. Black­burn of Georgia to head the Home Loan Bank Board is in real trouble. Labor, con­sumer, civil-rights groups attack his legisla­tive record. Surprisingly, savings-and-loan trade groups remain neutral. Industry ob­servers see a 50-50 chance the Senate Bank­ing Committee will reject the nomination next week.

CRITICS REAPPRAISE HUD Secretary Hills. Once-hostile home builders now credit her "peri!uasive talents" with winning ad­ministration revival of a housing-subsidy program. Mrs. Hills impresses skeptics with a crackdown on FHA loan abuses. She wins a reputation a•s a tough boss, orders closing of her department's ·executive' dining room as an unneeded frill. -

RUl\ISFELD'S TAKE-OVER as defense chief promises softer Pentagon positions. . The new Secretary, while eager ~o look

1 hke an advocate of strong defense,-probably­won't push as hard_as departing Schie.singer; for a budget boost for new weapons. Rums: ; feld, loyal to Ford, will hardly battle White ·I

House economy edicts; some detractors call him ''the plastic mp.n." He won't be as I tough as Schlesinger In demanding Soviet concessions on arms control.

But the Pentagon's special interests get 1

set to pressure their new boss. The Navyr hopes to gain. Schlesinger tentatively ruled: out building of more giant aircraft carriers; · the admirals will urge former naval aviator. Rumsfeld to reverse that decision.

A few officials will follow Schlesinger out of the Pentagon, but an insider says: "This isn't hara-kiri time. Most of the guys are just hanging 1tp pict11res • of Ru1nsfeld." - ·

MINOR MEJHOS: A Washington TV st;· tion got several" hundred protest letters aftr it dropped a popular sports commentator program in order to· show Ford's Monda~

·evening new.;; conference. .- . . NeW" Yor1 City jokes spread in Washington; comediar Mark Russell claims the real reason Mayo: 3eame refused to welcome Sadat to New York was that the mayor didn't have car-; fare to the airport. I

~r-

!President seeks N.H. votes todav ·~If··. .;

· '.' ORD . Seventy-five telephones No television time. has sures would expose their · ,.' from Page 1 have been spread across been purchased as yet by · strategy to -the Reagan . from testing his troops,

. also will mark the begin­. Jung;: . of a more visible

campaign effort, that his strategists say will build gradually to the Feb. 24 primary date.

Another visit by the President 'closer to voting day may be schedured, but that has not been definite­ly. established, aides said.

"How good is the Ford campaign organization? Even its organizers aren't sure. In the absence· of a candidate w.ho can make periodic visits to the state .,....,. something a President ~ot easily do - the or-

- g_anization has not been cballenged in the field,

, 'Where weakness can be · · niost easily found and cor­

' "rected. ·Polltical experts believe

t@ey have detected one rw:eakn:ess already in the

. . F.ord campaign here - a 'decision to shift away ' fli.o~ a previously an­. nounced plan to make · door-¥>-door- canvasses of voters in favor of a tele­pt).one survey. . "'

'But John Michel, the 31-year-old director of Mi:.. · Ford's New Hamp­shire~ effort, insists the house-to-house canvass

' and the telephone survey w~«f both held open as options, and the telephone

·· -:survey won out becastie it · · · .. was.:.more practical for

.:reiisons . of economics and · mi;Diiower. -

-.-..:.~ ~-:-~~-·' ' -- ' ·- .. · ..

the state in 10 locations. the Ford campaign in ei- forces . They operate 12 hours ther New Hampshire or daily ·and are manned in Boston, wh'ere the three several shifts by volun- television outlets serve the teers. They have been in bulk of heavily populated place since Jan. 19. southern New Hampshire.

Ford aides said they Reagan has' been run-have between 1000 and ning radio spots in both 1500 volunteers and are New Hampshire and Mas­continuing to recruit. sachusetts for sev'eral

Michel said they expect weeks and has recently to phone every: Republican placed spots on television household in the state by stations in Boston and Feb. 22, two days before New Hampshire. the primary Yote.

In contrast, Reagan's or­ganization has been oper­ating a five-phone bank in Laconia since October. The phones are manned by

, professional, paid opera­tors skilled in voter con­tact.

The risk of using vo.lun­teer operators is evident from one isolated incident this week.

A· Republican voter re­ceived a call from a Ford worker who asked if the President could depend on his vote on primary day. The man, momentarily flustered, finally replied that he did not want to declare himself. The caller abruptly hung up with a grunt, leaving the poten­tial Ford voter with a hos­tile feeling toward the Ford campaign. .

Radio commercials for the President began 'Wednesday on .27 radio stations around the state, which has only a single· commercial television sta­

. tion.

A direct mailing to Re­publican voters went out last November from Ford headquarters, but cam­paign officials declined to say if and when another one is scheduled, although another reportedly is ready to go out in the wake of Mr. Ford's visit.

The reluctance of ~ord and Reagan officials to discuss the details of how they are _ allocating their funds for such things as radio and television and direct-mail campaigns is another mea~ure of the closeness of the cam­paigns.

Ford officials are hesi­tant to say they will buy Boston television time or even say how much they are paying the U salaried workers in the state.

They argued that' the $200,000 spending limit for presidential - campaigning in the state ' constrains them from discussing how they will spend their money. since sucp disclo-

Such discfosures also would foreclose changing '. their options later without, : as iii the case of the house-to-house canvass, appearing to be dissatis- : fied with their own game · pl~n. i. . (

"We are runnu~g an ; open campaign','' said '. Richard E. Mastrangelo, '. 37, Mr. Ford's Northeast • coordinator, "but we have · to be circumspect. There is a premium on planning."

Financial trade-offs are part of the reason for not advertising their intent .

A later visit by the President, which would be estimated to cost the New Hampshire Ford operation . _ about $20,000, might not · be as important as buying : · more campaign buttons or / additional radio and tele- ! vision time as Feb. 24 draws closer, according to a Ford lieutenant. ·

"We need to have a flexible · program so we · can switch later if we think we should."

A loss by Mr. Ford in New Hampshire could prove fatal to his political · future, especially since he j faces another tough strug- , gle with Reagan a week.' later in Florida. _ -.; :

Despite the fact tht New: Hampshire is a small state,: no man has ever won the Pr~idency without· first winning his party's popu- ·· larity contest here.

~r-tl4e-ek~-Pri~;;y votes t~da;-in By Richard H. Stewart

·· .. -· .. -~.· ,.--.. -.. · . -~~ . N.H.·· .. ···.

New England Correspondent

. CONCORD, . N~H .. - Presid~nt ·Ford and his. campaign organization face t.heir first political. test in New

· Hampshire this weekend.

Another in a series detailing the cqmpaign op~rations und~r way for the major contenders in the New Hampshire and' Massachusetts prima-ries.

How they· fare could· very well be crucial to the outcome of the Re- and return to Washington late to­publican presidential· pi;iinary here morrow.

Feb. 24, in which Mr. Ford faces a With only 17 days remaining, the strong challenge from former Cali-· · contest between Mr. Ford and. Rea-

r. fornia Gov;.Ronald ~agian. . gan. is .. believed to pe. close, ':'ith i: · o.i.t • "' : ' • · · · · · • • ~oth1$id~~ <;l~iming ·.an edge. :

1

\1.ne Piesident;fs','Scheduled to ar- ·I ;'; ,\ ' , ; , . ' . j ' . : . i · . "

J'.ix~iin Mancliesier at 11 a.n:_!~~~~-~ ·- :; U~derscorinirthe 'closeness. was a

f-----r-----~---- ._ .. ---· ~-··---·- ..

remark· this week from a ranking --, ---------------Ford campciigner: THE FORD CAMPAIGN

"The President can't screw up, but neither can Reagan. There;s no room for it.".

. Even the previously undecided voters are splitting almost evenly between the contenders as the race m·oves toward finality, according to one well-placed Republican source who is privy to survey data. He esti­mates the undecided vote now at about 10 percent. . . . . . '

1 ; · l·, "C : I , : ' .'~>·!: : ~· •. '· . -.' ~. :···· ·ij . In .'such a neck-aoo..:neck race,

the outcome is likely to rest heavily ' , ' . .. . "I . . . . ~ , . -' ', . . -

on the efficiency and planning of the ~ampaign organization.

Up to now, Mr. Ford's New Hampshire operation, which by most estimates was late . in forming, has been occupied primarily with build­ing an organization, recruiting vol­unteers and establishing telephone .• banks for contacting voters.

. ~- ..

Mr. Ford's visit, .his first since : · i . the. organization was. formed,. aside . !

FORD, Page 26 ·-. ', ·.;-

-.~M· ary·· .. .;a ~ . .

McGrory -~ . .

L't' .. · ·._ . ,. Cctn 't Do It i\ II, JerrtJ,

·.•1 ' .

~ithou t ~or~ ~elp _

l . - Sari Clemente Dearl.Ierr~·: · ,

- g!· This is classified, top secret, eyes ;

only::.:. yours, ncit Henry's. I'm sick ; of his whining I didn't tell him I was•

• going to China. I like Henry in certain ways, but he has always thought he was secretary of state. · . · .

l'.ve invited Chairman Mao to San .· Clemente. He wanted to come in June, but I may be in Moscow then. The ·telephone was rin.ging as we came back in the door. Itwas Leonid. He wants me to be there on the fourth anniversary of my historic Russian trip: · •· -- · · · • ·They'll send a plane, but I'll need

. more staff. How do you expect me to _. manage on that miserable pension?. · You should see the lawn.

Henry· keeps pestering me- for my report on China. I might get -it done if he would )eave me alone. You better ·'£ send a courier plane to pick it up. As ~­Chairman Mao says, "U.S. mail is in- t::' creasingly expensive and increasing- ,\• ly slow." · ·· · · .

We should have a simultaneous re­lease here and in Washington. That ~­means I'll need· a press secretary. I r,;,­need a Ron anyway, with my respon- i"';.:

·· .· sibilities. 1 As you probably noticed, I talked · :· directly with the reporters on my his- ~-. toric return trip to Peking. I didn't· : mind for myself, but I think it is bad ~~,/!i:c~· .. :·.for the country and for future presi- · .-.dents. . -~ _ -.. _ ... _-,.- ~-

CHAIRMAN MAO SAYS, "Bring- w ers of peace require official spokes- ,._; men to amplify for the world their ,,,,

'_messages of harmony and justice." · ~-I kno\v I will have to make an oral "

nport to the people. I suppose an ad­. dress to a joint session of Ccin.gress

. ·t•ould be the best way. I would h<tve ... ~ '1• finished by now if I .had help. I ·;;~~:~~ave to stop to water the lawn. It Q

~I~!·:,7;,1-0oks terrible. ~at ~n~ I don't mind, ~-0-<'.'_'f )ut we both think_ 1t 1s ~~d for the !:<': ;·; .. ,1, country. No American c1t1zen wants ~-· g· :«!!to see his president watering the rr §;·· ·;: ·awn: · . ~:

. My present scenario is to have a final draft by the first week in· June; about the time of the California pri­mary. That should make no differ-, ence. You will get better press cover- ' age in Washington with me than in Los Angeles without me. All the net­works will be there, and you could be placed so that as I was speakin~ !he cameras could pan in on you s1ttmg' right behind me. _. · : .· ·. ·,

I've been invited to Iran. As long as, I'm in the neighborhood, I'll probably go to Cairo. That means I'll have to hit Jer:usalem;.' Joo. J;:et.rr\e !m9w ib you want any'lnput on the talks. - .

.. I'll need extra staff, obviously, especially if I go to Rhodesia ...:.. they want me, too; .. You better send Air_ Force One. It would e·mphasize ·the' continuity of American foreign.polF,_', CY- _,. .·.• ·· ·.·· " '' +"". .. ·•· .....

:_. :~ : ~- -. - --·

.. I GA VE YOUR REGARDS to Mao, by the way. I have his answer ori tape someplace, but the gist of it was, "Why doesn't Gerald Ford give Rich­ard Nixon the help he needs to contin' ue in his great work of bringing peace to the world?" . . . . r ·

T,o get back to August, Chairma~ Mao will be making a priv~te visit!

~, We're still negotiating, bi.It lthink hi~ ;;>preferred date, woul.d be during .thj' ~,;week of the Republican conventmn ~-They won't need you ~ntil y:our ac-t ... ceptance speech - 1f you re thq ~: nominee - so feel perfectly welcoin11

1· _ :: to come and join us_. I'm sure t~

4: chairman won't mind. Plan to sen

; cooks, anyway. I'm planning at leas ~·two state dinners; and I don't wa ~: the country to b~ disgraced. · ;;- He has expres.sed an interest in a, ;·: tending the convention for an hour o :.- two He doesn't want to interfere i f dom_estic politics, of course! but h~ _: ~ fascinated. I thought we might sit 1 :.: with the New Hampshire· delegation ~: It would make ,excellent PR. anothe. ~- historic first. I made my first trip ti :: China during the 1972 New Ham~ ~ · shire primary and my second during ; the 1976 New Hampshire primaryl ~: and I think a lot of people all over the\ E world jire senti~ental about_ i_t. . ~

~ WHAT HAPPENED t~ y~i.t in New .. ~ Hampshire, ~erry? That was. p. retty .. · • .. close, wasn't 1t ? · · . · . - .. : · · . ~ I. watchl'!d the _returns with Chou r ! En-lai's-successor .:_ I forg~t his i ... _ name now, and my secretary 1s out •\ E· w~tering the lawn. He. wa.s.quitesur- . .• prised, too. .... - .. ,. : _ .... .. . ~" Call me if you need any inforina- . \ ;~ tion about my plans: I'd like to give ..

. • :: you daily bi:iefings, I_ really wo.uld, :: but I just don't have the personnPI i'. - -· ' . . .. - . ~ --_ . .· . ~: . •. He!lry_s a little over-ze~lous about

1 ; keepmgm touch~ I like Henry i~ many I • ways, but he tends to meddle. _ · i ;. As Clt~irman M~o said, ,;America ~- should speak in the wbrld· w_ith only t

;:~on~ voice;··. ;:f ~22~~:~;;:~~.~~'.. : :"'--~ .. ., ...........

..

" - . ~---~ ....... .._, ._.....

:ROWLAND EVANS, ¥-­ROBERT NOVAK . ~

f o • Ill Florida?-_.:

·. • • l•· ! ';

BOYNTON BEACH, Fla., - The astdn· ishing strength of President Ford in the middle-income retirement village of Lei­sureville here raises the possibility of ~:a_ Florida primary win Tuesday decisivA? enough to crush Ronald Reagan's hopes for the presidential nomination. , : ,._

We found signs that the President's. popularity, based on 18 months in the Oval Office, was high and still growing in Ute last crucial days before the Florida test. This is no weathervane Republican p~­cinct (practically unknown in this state.of shifting population growth). But if tbe P~esident's burgeoning strength here ap" . plies to other Republican stronghold~ which, Hke this one, are full of north~n transplants-it could mean a Ford sweep. ·.

Armed with a questiOnnaire prepat~ by Patrick CaddeH's Cambridge Survey Research, we i:11terviewed 56 registered R.e· publicans with the help of Caddell's p91,l~ takers and found these results: 37 f~r Ford; 13 for Reagan; 6 (about 10 perce~) undecided. ' ... ·.

Leisureville in Boynton Beach is a -io~ year-old retirement village -of pleasant, small homes surrounded by green lawri~ whose owners consistently vote .conser'Vtr tive,- even more conservative than the rest ~f very conservative Palm Beach Cou~ty' m the 1972 Senate Republican primary. . .;:,

Most surprising was the paramount 'eX. -planation for backing the President: Mr. Ford's experience in office, a discovery that raises doubts about Reagan's self-pro;. motion as the anti-Washington candidate.-:'~

"Politicians are basically crooked," a 63-year-old retired hospital management official told us, "but we've had 18 montlls

. to look Ford over and he seems better tba'D· most." ~.-' -

' Expressing similar sentiments, a '5S,. year-old portrait photographer describid Mr. Ford as "a damn sight.better than siX months ago and really learning his job.";:,

An elderly housewife said the President "started out ,on the wrong foot with that pardon, but he's learned his lessons." :: "'

The experience-in-office rationale was an unbroken threat running through our interviews with pro-Ford Republicans, coupled with the companion argument that

. an "experienced" incumbent President ·would hold a head start over any Demo­cratic opponent. "Put a new man in at tpe head of our party" a 62-year"old ex-con~ tractor said, "and he's on an equal basis with the Democrat." ·. . · :·.

Not even committed Reagan vo~;~ showed much anger against Gerald Ford, basing their choice of Reagan on his per­

. formance as governor of California rather than Mr. Ford's mistakes. Only one Reagan voter mentioned the Nixon pardon ("Ford hasn't yet told the whole story on that,"·fte complained) and only one voter attributed his support for Reagan to the President's attacks on Reagan as an extremist.

But an undercurrent of anti-Reaganisi;n from these mostly retired Republicans WllB clearly apparent. regarding the care a11g feeding of senior citizens in general alld Social Seeurity in particular. ''There's not much difference between them, but w~ know what we got in Ford."

Rowland Evans and Robert Novak are syndicated columnists. ·.•

.....

..

AVID B. WILSON

incumbenc .,-.,...o.=:~_;;.

a help to 'Ford

· .. • • or burden?

..

-.:

;:

In analyzing' the outlook for the Ford-Reagan prima· · . ries, it is usual to observe that the fact of incumbency. gives the President a built~in advantage over his challeng·

er.

PRESIDENT FORD

Not so. Incumbency places the man from Grand Rapids at what may well turn out to be an insuperable disadvantage in this para• doxical primary year.

Jerry Ford inherited a White House in a state of disrepair and dilapidation, ravaged in the onslaughts of , the Johnson and Nixon ' ·years. No longer a national • monument . to popular sov- ... ereignty, it had come to sym- : bolize for millions the arbi­trary and even criminal mis-use of power. ·

The extraordinary cir- · cumstances of the Ford sue-· : cession, the indispensable , but politically unpopular 1

,

· Nixon pardon and the ordeal of recession cannot fairly be \ ·blamed upon the incumbent, but, in the public mind, he is ·. held accountable for them. ,. ·. · · \ . In a time of collapse of certainties, with severe and : unprecedented problems afflictinP, the nation domestically ': . and overseas, the President must act, in pub~ic.' _on the re- \ cord, in the knowledge that he bears respons1b1hty for the ·

:.. .. ~,_ ·:: ~~·,?:~~~:·:~~\r

· These problems are probably in sum less of an obsta-' <cle to .the Ford. nomination than the adversary culture

that dominates o~r contemporary political style.·

· . ·The a~versary culture holds the elected officeholder guilty until proven innocent. It dominates the media cre­atin~ .a tacti.cal situation in which the rigid, structured ne-

.. cess1t1es of mc1,1mbency become prey to the guerrilla war-fare of almost compulsive criticism. · .

Is the President.entitled to .the presumption of inno-1''"",cence afforded cr.i~inaLdefendants? He is not. Th_e adv~· ,._,:-.. sary culture has shifted the burden of proof. · · ·. •

. The other night,· a nationally televi.sed comedy show 'closed 'with a· terribly fanny, terribly cruel blackout skit

' in which it was suggested that the President's intellectual · .. , · equipment was inferior to his dog's. A lot of such consti­

tutfonally privileged slander is floating around the net­

1:

..

.works and the comic strips. . _:: ~ . ' : : . . .. ..

· A satirical accusation of stupidity directed at the head of.the.American state seems peculiar to our times. What is the poor man to do, demand equal time to assert that he is · smarter than his dog:? Sue Jo_hnny Carson or pester his advertisers? If Mr. Ford weren't President, of course, the jokes would fall flat. , ·

This is not intended to be a recommendation of the Fo.rd intellect. ·It is simply to assert that the terminology of political discourse has changed as the politics that is . theater becomes·increasingly intermingled with the thea-..

t· - · ·ter that is pOlitics.

To which must be added that the President is engaged in persistent adversary proceedings with the press and

.. television. These institutions perceive their duty to be to· hold the presidential feet to the fire.

But insofar as that duty's constructive result is to place a burden on the' incumbent that his rivals do not s~are, incumbency can be seen to be a handicap. ; •

·--

- . The situation tends to support the view of such

4

Ford henchmen as Howard Calloway and Richard Mastrangelo

· that· an even split or a close defeat for the President in ~ew ~ampshire ought ~ot to be fatal to his candidacy. ,

>·: By.August, .when t~e Republicans pick their nominee, - ·-< they· wt1ll k~ow ":'hom the -Democrats have chosen. And by :: -· August, the President could look a lot better than he has

recently. . i ,

consequences of hiS actions, in the face of a power-hun- ] gry, partisan opposition, which knows he puts his trousers j on one leg at a time. This opposition is free to indulge ir ~ uninhibited, demagogic and irresponsible criticism. __ ,_)·

. None of which is to be construed as an endorsement< j;)~$:Davia'B. Wilson is ·a Globe columnist. of the Ford performanc.e in.office. It is simply intended to : -• . i.'iJi~;{;: · · :· explain why holding office, in 1976, am.cunts to a handicap: rather than an advantage. ·

.!•. This is particularly true when you reflect that Ronald:· · Reagan is as well known to the public as the President•

and. before 1974, enjoyed far greater celebrity. The techni-. cal advantage of the White House is that its occupant .is~

!)",. known .. Against Reagan, that is no advantage at aµ. .lle, .. ,also~'.•~s. known. · ,_.;<\·:-:;•·.fi!

l••• . . ..

cFiiiJ' Taking 4.dvantage of

~ ' . : ·, . i

lncunibency By Edward Walsh

Washln;cton Post Staff Writer

TAMPA-Standing on a As for mystique, it was ev· platform at a shopping cen· erywhcre evident. · . ter rally in Boca Raton Sun· Despite the heavy rams, day, the President of the along the 50-mile motorcade· United States apologized for route the rrowds by t_l1_e __ end his appearance. He had been ;:""6f the dar· were large and ;tanding in an open car in a.'· enthusiastic. The motorcade motorcade for hours, often also provided one other r~· in a heavy rain. His hair was· minder of what the prest· disheveled, his suit and shirt dency entails. Mr. Ford, badly wrinkled. standing in his open car and

"I don't look very good," Gerald R. Ford said. "but I think I'm a darn good Presi· dent."

The remark could sum up the state of the Ford cam· paign effort here less than two weeks before the March 9 Florida primary. For a long time, it didn't look good. :\ow it seems better, s.o much so that the Presi· dent and his aides are openly predicting a victory over Ronald Reagan in Florida.

That Mr. Ford is. indeed, a "darn good President" is the hasic Ford campaign them here and elsewhere. The resident is portraying hi elf as an experienced

steady chief executive o knows how to use the

ffice and thus much less of a risk than a former gover­nor of California.

T further that image, I\Ir. d completed a second,

two-day campaign swing through Florida Sunday, bringing t1i bear some of the power and mystique of the presidency as political ad· vantages.

As for power, the Presi­dent told a crowd of cheer· ing Cuban-Americans in l\li­ami Saturday that he has or­dered a speed-up in the process by which their friends and relatives be­come naturalized U.S. citi­zens. rt was no big thing, ex· cept ns an example of the kinds of actions only Mr.

·Ford can, and clearly will. take as he seeks election in his own right.·

waving, wore a bullet-proof vest.

The President stayed overnh!ht Saturday in Sara· sota, brinl;(ing with Wm the full entourage of aides. Se· ere! sen·ice agents and re· porters. Sunday·s editions of the Sarasota Herald-Tribune headlined: "Sarasota: While House for a Day."

Ronald Reaf,?an brings a political campaign to town. Gerald ford brings the White House. .

JVlr. r·ord's advisers ;ire well aware of the advan· tages of incumbency and they plan to use them. The

President plans to cam· paign heavily on weekends -he will be in Illinois next Friday and Saturday, for ex­ample - while during the week he projects the image of the experienced chief ex· ecutive hard at work back in Washington.

In Sarasota Sunday, in hot, sunny weather, about 5,· 000 people came fo see l\'lr. Ford at an outdoor rally at the local Shrine hall, once the winter headquarters of the Ringling Bros. and Bar· num & Bailey circus. · · ·

· There 'and in a later speech to . several thousand

· supporters at another out· ·door rally in Tampa, the President stressed his main campaign themes-his expe· rience and record in office, an apparently improving na­tional economy, a strong de'

fense. In both speeches, l\Ir.

Ford reiterated his commit·· ment to keep the Social Se· curity system solvent - a · ke.y issue here because of FI or id a 's large elderly population. '

Not once during the two days of campaigning did the President mention Reagan or even allude to any of his more controversial propos· als. This was in marked con· trast to l\1r. Ford's first cam­paign trip to Florida two weeks ago, when he sharply criticized some of Reagan's suggestions for improving the Social Security system.

The President's advisers, although they say they re· main prepared for· a pro· longed primary struggle with Reagan, conceded last weekend thl\t they hope to deliver a near-fatal blow to the Reagan campaign here in Florida, and force Reagan to withdraw after the March 16 Illinois primary.

With l\'lr. Ford having won the first primary in New Hampshire last week, they reason, a second Ford vic­tory in Florida, no. matter how narrow, would have a crippling psychological im· pact on the Reagan cam­paig11 in the next k~y ~pr!'.-; mary state-Illinois'., Af.ter Illinois, .it would be all over, one Ford ad\'iser said, leav­ing plenty of time "to patch up the party."

En route back to Washing­ton. aboard Air Force One Sunday night, the President described the pyschology of the Florida primary this way:

"Florida is really the key. If we win and win very well in Florida, they ought to ' know they can't win."

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Sf.turday, iuiie 1~. 1975 - TIIK WASHINGTON POST

~if FOr~e to P~~tti~~."-Lf;i~ed A-wJ'f'. . .• . . ~~J::t)

By George c. Wilson Critics of the administration : deci· . picined a more flexible nuclear s&;~V i Washington Post Sta!! Writer _; sion'contend that there can be no such egy-one that would enable the Un_r~: '.

· u~s>Air .Force hamper crews have thing as a small J:J.Uclear :war..:..:.:thaJ·. States !<> resp~nci in kin~ to _a :n.it~'r~.: been . ordered to . start training .for'. - 'once nuclear weapons are.used.dooms·',' ; attack ••. on :·,th'{eW_' targets: as ~ltlfii· .·~

:_-~.1~~:rt:d~~ .. ~if_t:~~~i:::~:tt~:e~~; ··_• 2:~~::1ti;~'~:~•··:~i_-~er;~i·o· .. _:i:i/_·_;~~;;~_-._: __ :.~;~:t~~f~ .• t_[r0p_ .. :ai~~~;th:; __ ~~ .. ::~.;~-~~-j~~ ·. c1~e _that option.. .. .. ~,: • ·c '. ; : <:- : ... cr.ews testify that Pres1den_t:Fotd and . . s.tr.at.egi~!l-:f.9X: .trYjng qi;con:~~~~ j ·,,··~Many .crewi;, under qJe top,secr:et or"::.,.S . .ecretary. of Defen~e. James _It: Schie· . :.'de~tructiOrtltI a·niiclear w.ar.havelteii''. • -~ers _which. J1:ave ad~ed a num~er ?f. · .. Singer: have ~rmly ~~Ject~~ t~~s!!.:.Cl!"~ll;- . ·:a-dvanced" :before.::-sucn' ~.:as.·'.'~e"' ·wartime m1ss10ns to. tl~e Stra~~IC Air ' men ts: ···'. ~'.!·:~· :_: .. ?-:;,~.: ._,;~_:-·,.·: ~-· , - ' "counferforce'" concept'; -~'adv6i!~¢7~. , Co~~and, alrea,?y hav~ _receive? new. : · Joseph La1tm,. a_ss1stan~ secre~ary of ... stronglv in· the i950s under -whfohjhe . ''m1ss10n folders explammg . their new d~fense !or pub he affairs;" sa1 j_ I as\. ..Uriited • States. and . the soviet,_ Uajon , tasks. . . rught that. he could not co'Mtnent -Ott : ··· •. 'hf oriceritrate their fire on the

. These ii;tstruct!ons repres_e~t an~th~r t~e specifics of such military .pl::~fng. · :-:}t~ger's ~niciear weapons.'· - . -.~·-~-- "'.!'_\ :· big step 1~ the ~~rd administrations " He adde~, however, that S~hlesmger . • :· But the Kennedy and· Johnson ad-·

· con_trovers1al declSlon to prepare the has enun_c1at~d the change m nuclear ministrations adopted a mutual deter· ·nation f~r a s°:1all nuclear war, where strategy and it w.ould t~~refore be a rence strategy ef "assured destruction'.": destruction might be co~trolled, as nat_u:al follow for .~he m1htary to ~ta.rt for the lSSOs-one in which American

·well as for a war of massive destruc- revising our. plans. '""f~-m:·· · · ·. . . ., · .... tion. . · .. _ ~~~~-~~~~!:~o~,~~:Yn~~~~has cham· . . .·. , ~ee rycLEAR, A4, Col. ~ '.("::''

l .ftir 'f~~Ce to Pi;fif;t@~ . f iinited' A:}f qf~ NUCLEAR, From Al "and no single ~espons~ i~ approp~ia~ - .'dozen type~ of missions fo~: ffring n~::;

to them all ... Our obJective remains . ~clear weapons . the limited· war re. : and· Soviet cities have been held hos- deterrence, but mOdern ·.··.deterrence : ·. i)uirement add~ about 20 more ·campli·. ;

· tage to·each other. .. . across the sl!e.ctrUin. of Jhe nucl~ar cated. options. . .· .. :-. .. . . ·• :.:, ~n The new-instructions for bombers threat·'. .; : . . . ·:,, ...... · '>· ·· ~ .• ~ot an military offiCials are en·':

ari.d pla .. ns for a_ . practice run by B-52s "To heherve that th.e• development thusiastic about takin" on these extra·. ' of contingency plans. [which is what nuclear missions. so°;ne ·said it iri· ; 8!e. part of: 'wJ:iat is being. called LNO the search for options is all about].. .creases ·the ·chance . of· error in what.')

I iil:'military cfrcles for Limited Nuclear will increase the ·probability df- nu- is already a Strangelovian business-] Option .. The·· Air . Force training_ for clear use is. to uriderestitn~~. serious- .firing nucft;ar weapons l)t thi right)

.. LNO is supposed .to .be comple-ted by. lty tile gravit!all· of thel decis10~ Sto.hlgo .. target at the right second .. · .:·:'.:t·: ~;}~ • Jan; l". i976, under present planning o war, especi Y nuc ear war, c e· ·: .Under the Schlesinger strategy Air 1 1 uriless' the Joint·.Chiefs of Staff decide singer. added~- .· • . -;:: ·.- : '.>.'. · Force crews aie training for· wh~t· is<

()therwisecin the meantime.· . ; .-The order to get ·cracking on tram- called the .·optimum small :0ptioji.;..;;? . Pushiilg the limited nuclear war con· ing ·bomber. crews for small nuclear . hitting. targets as small ·as ·an ° Oil] cept.into Afr ,Force. tactics. is. expected wars• went out to m\litary commanders refi:nery or one ·missile. base: . '>. '.':. ,. "~ to provoke fresh concern m Congress, in the form ·of· a written revisi~n to - The theory is that the United States~; where opponents have argued that. tb -what the Pentagon calls SIOP-:-Smg!e and the Soviet Union might .find them-.

· ~ :;; . ·make nuclear\ war IO?k tolerable is to In!egrated Opera~i()nal Pia~; the blue- ·selves in the. position where they inVite it. · · print to follow if the Uruted States might want to .. limit their nuclear at-

. Schlesinger, in countering such argu- went to· war. · . · .. . . tacks on each other to ·such ,targets as ·· , · ! ments, has told Congress that the This new addition to SIOP means refineries and missile bases-putting ~ ·.Y ... f_;; . United states must adopt a nuclear tha~ Strati:gic :Ur Com~and pilots and. c~tles off limits. · _:...:,-_ ~· strategy that gives the nation more their crews ~1~1 have to .pre~re_ {or The Limited· Nuclear. Option ~- ·-

tijan the option of incine~ating the op· a. I.at more m1ss10~s. The ~1t~ahons for ing covered in the mission folders now · _ 't ponent's cities in retaliation for a nu- fmng a nuclear-tipped m1ss1le from a under study goes all the· way from

clear attack. ' · · - ·· , B-52 bomber have become more com- hitting only a few Soviet facilities ~·we face a wide range of possible plicated. · · 1

. : .. •. · -: :,;_: .. " such . a8 ·refineries and factories . ~ ~

~actions involving nuclear weapons," For example, sources said, instead destroying 80 per cent of the facilities -,~

; Schlesinger told Congress this, year, of preparing~ :for.' .• !es~ ~a-~ l!~lf._ .a._ _i_n. v~_D'L\S cat~gorles.- · . : •:. - ·: · t~~~' : ' ' .. • ' ' ' '• ,.l. :...,-,;"'_ ~ ~-'d ~ - • • • - • • < - ' .- I " • • ' • •, • > "~•; ~ i1

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F. ·· OR ALL OF the improvements in spirit and style . . that Mr. Ford has brought to the presidency, he has· yet to take hold of the· large questions of policy. I;fow that he has declared his intention to run for Presi­. q~nt in 1976, it is all the more appropriate to ask when he proposes to take command of his own administration --when, in other words, he •proposes to start acting like a President in 1974. Nothing better illustrates this point :$.an Mr. Ford's approach to the oil revolution, where

· his shifting and vague pronouncements over the past .tWo months demonstrate precisely the defect in his ·present method of conducting his office. -~'Mr. Ford likes to parcel out policy to his subordinates, :a:. procedure that works fairly wen in those small mat­ters that lie entirely within the jurisdiction of one de­Jl'3Ttment. But on the large matters of compellingnation'al i,t;it~rest that span the entire government, one subordi­nate may move in directions that have no relation at all to:. another's. Here again the great example is oil. Mr. F-ord's Secretary' of State is now committing him to a -

·positive cind rigorous program of international eonserva­;tlon, while his domestic oil policy remains.in the hands 1(£. a Secretary of the Interior who refuses to. concede iany real need for serious conservation here at home. '.···secretary Kissinger's speeeh on energy iri Chicago

ia'st Thursday is the best reason yet for hoping that the industrial countries are not just going to keep sitting on .their hands and moaning while the steadily rising price cf oil throws their eeonomics-:and their politics­into turmoil. But Mr. Kissinger has made a very sub­stantial commitment in our name, and it will take disci­pline and determination to carry it out.

T'ne Kissinger logic over the past year has b~gun, correctly, with the conviction that the industrial nations must act together. The fii-st series of negotiations, begin· ning last winter, have now produced a firm agreement oh sharing and com:ervation in the event of another oil e'rilbargo. But France has refused to participate, fearing that the United States might lead the Europeans into <:onfrontation with the Ar~bs. In September, Mr. Kis­fdnger opened another line of negotiation with a small -number of major industrial powers including France,

and' his speech last week appears to gr~w out ·of those talks. •· . · · ·

The. French government's view of the oil revolution is, if anything, even more somber than Mr. Kissinger's . The French won a r~und o~ applause recently with their .declaration that they would limit their spending on oil 1

to 90 per cent of. the past year's level. But since then, they seem to have diluted that rule considerably. Like every other government, they are finding it very difficult to decide 'on whom to impose the cuts-and how it might affect French competition with other countries that do· not cut their oil imports.

Words like sharing and conservation always remind .Europeans and Japanese that they are far more de-· -pendent on imported oil than the United States. Their

. whole tremendous boom through the 1960s was fueled·. . . I ~

'by the shift from primary dependence on coal to cheap> . ·foreign oil. In )960. Western Europe drew two-thirds of · . its energy,. from coal and one.. third from oil. By 1970,

those proportions were reversed. In France, or. Italy, l:>r' · Japan, where upwards of three-quarters of all energy comes from •burning oil, and virtually all of that off is · imported, cutting back imports has a very different· meaning than in the United States, where oil contributes less than half of our ene,rgy and two-thirds of our . oil supply is domestic. This difference in vulnerability· is the root ·of the trouble in working out import-sha_ring · agreements. _._,,. ·

Secretary Kissinger proposes that all the industrial countries together hold their total imports at the present: level. To let the most dependent countries grow, he sug"·· gests that the United States will cut back its own tin. ports from the present 7 million barrels a day to · f million by 1985. But he would require a firm agreement on imports among the industrial nations. _·. · < .. ·

.To finance the economics that are now running 'Oilt of foreign exchange for oil payments, Mr. Kissinger . calls for a ''system of mutual support," capable of lend-'

· ing $25 'billion a year, among the governments of North America, Western Europe and Japan. But again there. has to be a condition. "No country should expect finan­cial assistance," he said, "that is not moving effectively .

.. to lesserf its dependenee on imported oil." · ....... -. •.. , .. , · · · Mr. Kissinger states a central political truth ·when he

observes that the oil exporting countries "are not per­suaded by our. protestations of damage to our societies and economies, because we have taken scant action to defend .them ourselves." Secretary Kissinger is prepar~

,,,_,_to take action. Is Secretary Morton? How about Presi-/ dent Ford?· l

::":. On ·the same•evening when Mr. Kissinger was deliver- •1 ·1. ing his challenge in Chicago, President. Ford was holding

a· press· conference in Phoenix at which he was asked · about· fuel co.nservation. He gave a characteristically '.fuzzy arid amiable answer, stressing his hopes for volun-

tary public cooperation and resisting any suggestion of .. , a'.ctiial cutbacks: "I don't see us having to go ·back'\vard · .':which, in my judgment, is so contrary to the philosophy

·of America." He gave no hint. of knowing or compre­. bending.what.his Secretary of State was simultane0tisly . saying. The• real question. now is . whether America is:. ready to undertake a serious commitment to discipline,

, .. . ·. . .,;7,::.rlor:::ilt'ownprotections·and.•the·pro~tron of its friends , .. -Secretary Kissinger wants."~ p0sitive and rigo/OUS r~;i•_;:~r..r=lndr'ailiei.:There1s only one person who·can answer that .

.. program of inter~ational cons~~otion:"'·~c;~\~k·',,;'.7~f{:~.j~{~t~t~~i~~~:~1!~\:~~~e~~,~~-:J~~r,~~~· .. .

Def e~se Budget

·01 $95 Billion~ / .

Tp Be Soug~,!;.(~.1 -' Un1tec1 Press In_ternat1ona1 - . · · · The Ford ad.ministration

PlDiis . ib asl the new Demo.; Cratic Congress to approve a/

·record $95 billion for defense I · qpending in the fiscal year/ starting July 1, Pentagon/ sources said Yesterday. / , , __

Sources said the administra" tion also will ask the law­makers to approve additional· billions in obligations to be spent in future years for long. lead weapons such as ships and planes, resulting in an: overall total of about $103. billion, breaching the $100 bil­lion mark fo1; the first time. . ;

The request is expected to/ spark a sharp outcry in !_he, 94th Congress, Which gained a number of potential new defense critics in the Novem. ber elections.

Defense officials Cited inna. tionary Pressures . as t.he Pri·

, mary reason 'behind the large boost in the Pentagon's re­quest for fiscal Year 1976, which starts July 1. They said the increase would not 1;epre~ sent the start of any va~t; new arms programs. : ~ · •,i - ·

· · - The defense budget requt for th.e current fiscal· ye_ar was $92.6 •billion, a figure Congress . Pentagon officials said the

· weapons industry is SUffering even more inflation .than the general economy. They cited shipbUilding as one of the w.orst areas,· With inflation in that industry running about 25 per cent - dou·ble the Con­SUltte1; Price Index. · ·

. ,Fo1; ''bookkeeping Purposes, ' - tlie defense budget is stated in

two separate forms With dif. ferent totals for ac~ ·

One form flives :the iidllli_nfs.:/ tration's request for "nelV obli-

1 gational authority''. -· author~.1 ity for the Pentagon tq com~; I easy.going Sen~~: and House

,.Appropriations. / ::; committees ;doubled their usual token cuts ; in , the · defnse budget. And . 'last November's eiections

· , nlit the government -fo "P~.lld; ·money - Which Will be -~frti

. i $103 billion, sources Said: This. : is the figure Congress debates-­. ·and votes o.n, but some of that _.money Will_ not · actually; oe, . s~ent for up to five Years, __ , :'.·i~l · The other teUs·the ad.minis.

brought in a flood of· new Democrats, many of whom spoke during their campaigns of flashing defense spending,

· tdtion's Planned . "outlays," oi-1 the actual dollars it expects to. pay out during a specific flsca} year. -Defense·· ·outlays · Wilt reach $95 billion 1n·1scal Year•

i 1976, ·compared with $83,5 l>Jl~ · lion in the.- current . Year,

'

so~~~e;98f~llio.n ~s:.th~ f;_~ ,,,._,~.; . · Which inunediate.ly affects the

economy, : · "'-- ~,, '. · The topping of· the wat.

I ershed $100 billion mark is ex. Pected to focus more congres­"sionaI attention than ever on.

·the new Pentagon •budget, and: defense official fear a. less '

· SYinpathtic · xespo~ than 1n i Past .Years. · /:J'-'<.::: . .-. : · ! . Last Year, ~ jh(}1norina1I~J

- - :···:·_. --.i~.,ft}~l.~ ·-·.:--·~ -..

Tb get around· the impreS. .

I Bio of a soaring budget, the ! .Pentagon is expected to em. · Phasize this Year - as it has in· the past -the •"constant"

idollitr, Which eliminates the ;effcts of inflation. · .· , -. ·

I' Ch_ arts will be displayed to newsmen and congressional

'committees showing that if in­flation is discounted and every !

/

Year's budget expressed in · constant. 1970 dollars, then de­fense spending is not really on the _rise. · ·

•, "'.'.:' .. ,. , '

. - - : ;.: : .-~~u.·.~

Mr· fC>t<:l. ·a.nq .~gQ1a: /L . . · ,:.:: . ~ ' Gerald, Ford: sholild .·take 'care lest .,Adm41istratiqµ's ~up~k. Of · !tortugaI ! ::.his prematfu-e announcements of 1;he IN THE NATION . againSt t.he liberation movements in' :)iecline of-1;he United States •s~ould ... . ,:., its Af'ri~an <:Qlonieii; At'least 6)ngress -.~-f~md toward self-fulfilling' prophecy. · · · ·. -. · · ·· •· · · ··- .··. · · · · · ·· _.~~'has.put ·some.kind of ari end to the

Now .that the·House.has joined the ·•.··~•~-: _.-~yT.oinWi¢k~'7

·:'~-- · · ·)mtangleinent.1vith··south .Afri~ it Senate irr refusing to. finance further .·.~has gone far t6'avoid what OOUld haw

. military assistance to a so.,called ~·pro- -: voked Or evoICed the ciirlent' massive · .~!) a 4~'. and ~iu?a~ ~erlcan ' ·Western'~ , coalition ."in .Angola.; Presi- · flow of Soviet aid and · CuDa'n :troops · •. ;~y9{v~~nt 1ll ~; ~1ttl~:under$(>d war <dent Ford h~s .vjituilly _invit~, the iii support of the M,P'.L.A.:' < ~: ·: ,; ~~ on:·~e ~~smg s~de..,a,t ,th~t~d 'worid to regaj-d thiS as e\rid,eilce. that . · It was cert8:inly the'Adrilinistration's . ~at IS .more .. 111. ~e 111a.tion. ~ ~terest

-.; the United S~tes Is no lori,g~i" Willing ·· effort tO ·provide :-aid: to:·:ttie"~'pro- lb.an., l&,haJ:-., game:-play1;11g ~tb. _the or able_ to prot~t. its. irite~ts .or' those .•... ·Western'! :·coanfioo ·• ti6tli'. secretly- and :. ~~~::c!i;iJOD;.• ;,: ~:·'· :'. ·· .~·. ::: • '. ... ·.·•·· .•. :. ··,

; of its alljes. ~ .. :·: :.. . .;·;, .:>: '' -. massi\rely that-tutned·.an: already sus- ;/ F~,·a cl~~1fsD;Il l:>Y n<um:eans ! This judgment might better. await a picious Congress-,;.whicn well remem- ,~uff1~t.,,....l11l~erstanding .. of. ~e" .t\n· ,

-... threat· to some more ·certain Amerlcan : bered_the: .TonkilrGulf·episode:.and .the •·<Bolm.t. striig~i'.~._· r, .. ~ .. i.ild~bte(l · t() .. t.p.e. 1 .. irrterest and swne .. riiore stable atly .. war that?- followed~into. a hostile · Rev. Lawr.~nce,. Jlend~rson, ;. for. :ina,ny :

: ,. ;than any yed_dent.ifie<;l . iriAngo~a. ~n :. congres8;. Had Mi:. ford and ::;~~ta,ry , :i~ a,_ missioµiizy .in Mgo~ now ,· fact,· the only. rea1:l~~f11:ation _for .iµd , Kiisinger: ,-openly_ !lll.d: fully .edilcated . representirig itlie United .. Chutch Boa,rd

:"-_to the Ango~an ~oal!~on y~t P~~for- . ~n~s; aaj. ~ pu~lic.on,,Uie vi1al .~or. W~ld ~tries in_:Ne~ Yoric., I '.ward by ~ ~dmimstr~()~ .1~ the c::1nteres.ts they,, n~ tj~ tQ be..·at stake .. ' ~' l!D in~ew, MJ'.. ~derson con- '

·.• :cold~war rationa1_e that ~oviet 1Ilter· , in An~a; tney,- migl}t ~Y~·.found :~ed ~~the ?vg.'{..~ rilight be more i . '.Yention OI1'. ~~. pther s1~ _mµst be >:~u@ :inorecsup_pqrt. Tuey.dJdJ11>tdo , ,~y~,' ~ffici~t ~d.~!lble ¢.,de- i 'L countered, : : "c5>: . ·:·:·::< .. .... .. .. . ;; SO, it has to .be suspected, ~use no . ' viSing governmenf .pfo~· becailse i

· ~;; . '1 believe;''. ~ic:l JI.fr. F'Ofd• '.'tl1at ~- =such~irrterests. ~ally exist.- "='=·~~ _,___ .-:"of.- its.d'daJxist.. .. "'1octrinea~and._~ci- j .•"sistance to S9V1e~. expansion by_m1h- Mr. Kisaj~ger. h.imself. has"stated Rlines, __ but primarily because it nwn· i

. ·:-

tary means ~ust be a fund~ental · that to miNe SOt!iht' ~$28 :Diillion.:::... be.red>in :its leadership' so many Ppr· : :.':element of ·Umted s.tate!; foreign pol- . the amount rejected by HOUsedihi:l •. tugUeS~-train~d civil. ser.vants fr~ the.: '·}cy." Does he· mea~ 1n ~~fh and e~ •• Senate-was part of• the tAdininistra-" · · ~~e~;' CC)l?Jlial i:gune. But precJ.Sely i ,• •. instance? Affd ,by military Jn.e_ans:,.tion'~: ~r,ror'.cA,~aller, ~ount,.t~ .9-\iU~ct~r, he pointed out, had ha,m•.j ~'alone? If. so, 1t \11111 be neV{S ~to Easti:n1 •: finance a smilller, effi)rt, "Might'. have .J ~)ts efforts to develop bro1td· u

· '. Europe, and states ai;i Amencan pohcy' slipped' past C0ngress · inore easily.:.:.·"· ol!SecLsuJ,port in Angola; amt w~ile ! ·<:of armed confront11.t10.n. wherev~r ~~ .~. although 1i: sriiiiller ·exi;i!n~it~ ·~~:; ,~ M.P;LArmight be :i:no~ ''ef:fective" i ."under whate~ .. cond1t1ons of:.~'l!in :: wolild have been a wil.~t~·of-~GD.ey;··.·~a·W~ern sense, once m power, it,

,. :tage the S()Vle~ may choos.e. . . . But just 8S it did in seeking $250 .. · Wolild ~1ther have to gOV'em by force

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.::: The Ford A:dinirustratioit,• moreover,: mil.lion more irdud<far 9ambO<lialast' · m;id ;·~Pres~OI!t.:;:.%·~· tb.e.-~d:: of bas consistently pictured the·· soviets·· si)ririg, when ~ .. liln.<>uit~·:·o.r·. inonet'.""~al1~on :with the otli~r .factiOns that I

' ·a5 having opened the· pre~ent phase ·· colild have retrieved t,he. ~'~'tion; the ; 1~ has_ S.O f~ shown no willingness to dO. 1 · of heavy :foreign intervention in An- Administration S\lCc~ded . orily· ;ln .::::- ~E\t~ so, Mr. Henderson described [ · .• gola by beginning - ·.together with• dramatizing tq the world its l~ck of . the F.N.L.A. as weak, incompetently ··Cuba· . ..:.. massive assistance to the. suppor,t in :<::<>~s fot ~~h:inter<:_1ed;·.~(>stly an exile .organization; and , 'Marxist Popular ,Movement for., the vention. · . . . .. :: : ··: <.'> '.' :_- \he said .: the third faction, UNITA, ':,,Liberatiprr of @.gola JM.P.L.A.). In .As far ~s 'da~age. :to_r~·-.Arne!'i.can': '-~~ic;~ had more poplilar support than . fact, the evidence suggests that.it Was interests 1.n Afnca l!i conC~med, :_any,_,.tl:t(l._9!}1ers,Jacked a dynamic program,

·'..the C.l.A;1s sudden infusion last Jan- policy· that restilted;, however·, briefly; . "or: the: Jeadership to devise one. Mr. 1

.::uary of ll"enewed aid to ·the National in ~e facto alliance: w_ith:.ra~i~ So~thc :~nd~n expects th~ M.P.L.~ .• with Front' for the Liberation of Angola ·· Afnca:=as ·the -~ord-· :Achninistratiort-"·1ts·Soviet<Gaba1hbaeking;-to-wm pow· (F.N.L.A.), a C;l.A. client since ~e policy did-could only compound the er in Angola no matter what the aer.nedy Administr?.i\'on, that pro- harm donv long ago by the N_ixon • United States now may; do. .

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.. By Joseph C. Harsch · · ·· . . . · in almost every aspect Romania is different Staff correspondent of ·-.__:_.. . · ·. · . It is -trying to become nonaligned but still

· ... The Christian Science Monitor . trades more with the East than with the West. Bucharest It is the only Warsaw Pact country to be a · .

President Ford heads homeward from his .- member of GA'IT <General Agreement on · . first trip to Eastern Europe, having ex_- Tariffs and Trade> and to be seeking con­perienced the one most important tl)ing to - nections -with. the _West European Common

--~"pow about ~this PJ!rl0of the world: .. It is as . , Markf!l. r..oland is 97 percent Roman C_atholic; · .,.

tif~~verSified as is \Vesterh Europe~_·_~:;;> - :·'::··_.-: Romania is 80 percent Gr~k Orthodox. _ :""".;'.! .. ~a7:For -~·ample, rol~d is "alignli!d'~with and :,_,,,,~omaru!lJlS live under the tightest police _ E-jllied Jo J.he: ~oVi~~:;qnion }:iut.:Ji~ half its ::~C:Ontrols. of any_ Eastern European country. : .· d

;.~~~e ~th_tll_~ ~~: ~t~ ~~g !~ i11cr~ its -}?~land is_ also a J>?li~e state, but relatively· a'~ . - -:--:.c· - westward trading position and'."1s relatively -mild one, Romania IS beset by the results of . . '·

· • prosperous although currently beset by meat·· _ severe spring floods. Its economy is in serious • · .: . . · sbortag~ --~~:f.::L'.:~~•\'h¥6il-~::J:~ _ .-'.~f": .. trotible. Its boss, Nicolae Ceausescu, hopes for~,;· ._;

·· ;~~':-c - .. - . • . · . . . - : ~. --~ --~·-""! :· relief with · most-favored-nation treatment : · · · -.. - .... >'-~ ,....,._ =:;;:•:);~-'-~n•rt-A,aj,.'l'•:i\ i . just- aecorded him in Washington. But the ·-

1 ) -Y* Options ·for Ford,, 1 erfect~likelytobeal~ngtime~.coming. :,· ;\, ;·

· · ·· · · i President Ford did not v1S1t the most. . .•. . _Continued from Page·1 ., culturally Western of the East European ' ,

· . The~e ~ problems for American dipl~ _countries, Hungary. He was not invited. The · ;_~ . macy m this part of the ~orld. Does Washing_. Hun~ live.under a. domestically _re~~--.: ·ii

.. ,_t.on try to do more than is yet planned to help - Communist regune, en)OY a sub$mbal i:evt· -~ ''·' M\fea~es~u out of his present economic_ . ,.val of a private sector to their economy, baY!: · -

-__ pro e~. W1th~ut help_he is likely to sink··.: ~~highlivingstandard. :--; - ,;.-~·'! · . !,' ~::~1~~ popularity and he already is in some " ' -: • -~ut 1!~ ~. ~upi~ ~y Soviet:.

lfMr c - - 1 ·~} t~ps-and-'have a Still ~vid memory of the'.~ ~ -~ost p;o~f~u should fall, his place would .~ t1'be <in 1956)- those·ti:oops ~e _storming_~~- ~;;

. , Y taken by s.omeone more in ~ rce.~w;s~:Tbey~ , · ' . ;· Moscow s graces. Thus Washington could hold -· · .·" ~~,roy.lidi\j1ii1y repett'1oti:.,

. - the key as to whether Romania p . ,_. ~. C?...;.:.ii:... ~ • ~--.;.J • .;.:;.,~ecl· inat" ·T •-1'.'. · ·present tw d ursues its . · 1-1spspi~-"UlClr.Jll ions., Qwu~. . -.. wes_ ~ c~urse or slips back into 8 · · ~.-· altJ-~'tMo&Cow; in-:rore1gn affairs 'l)u}iS: ~);

··: : closer association with Moscow. But if Prest-' , . --~-- . ary;~~ freedom to be Western in tr~e _ .. '. ___ dent Ford chooses to try to help Mr Cea;]'·" ;f'" • dCUltnre"~"'·~s-:.· .· -~ · .. -=-- · ~ - ~·'--·.:: -~-

·sescu, would he be hall · . · u -: ~- -.!,.~. ----. :.:-0"'·"-.--:~>- -- -_\:-. - - · ;: .. ·::~·;~· '_·;·;- :~ leader Leonid

1 8 ~ enging S~viet party -::: E;:'fipzecboislov&kiat;'_~th an even more ~~t:. ~'- ,,

unha · r. . v, .who might feel as .: _,., :memory·_Of -the:sound of;~viet tanks on i~~i . ' ,hap~~fug~P~=~on ~: ~ver what, isl_:-~ )»bbl~ stree~'-is ~- ~~~viter ~f-~ ,: ,- ;

Then there is the bl · f · 1-i - · AmencanPresident. -.~.-. .. ~ --~'-1..:·" -. pro em o Yugoslavia 1 • w bingto- -is- --~ th da about--

.. -President Ford's last stop in Easte ,., i '. .. _, as n _concemeu ese ys , .· · It is a charter member of the nali rn !iurope.:_ I the trend of events in Portugal, which see~ . ·.It has lived in a state of non:o°ruoi! ~~~~ l __ to· be · slipping rapidly. under eo~t ,

Moscow ever since 1948

. But ·t has f la ty I _control. But Moscow has its concerns about its,( , , ;; J>uying its we - ns f 1 0 te ~n... .. .,_ , 'own front yard. The fact that both Poland ancl "' -·.:-})948. But it has S:: late= ~os~ow.~ver smce . , · .- Romania did invite President Ford and did

from Moscow Washingto uymg 1 weapons :~~~ · ', give him warm and friendly welcomes proves. · ' ~ inarket butlet it go Officersn ~nee had r~'. ~_; · ;:_ :. that the hearts of their people are not'

Sovlot weapons ...... to w ooe ttooos ':""-; ,1:-r~ ........... WeoL - ------ ---·-- ;) .for tr . . . th go to the Soviet Umon, :·1," ~ .. ~ -:.-:_:_f' .-:·<· .. "'. .. , •Please tum to Page 1·

auungm oseweapons . , · " , - ' "'-. --- ,. ·"· · " ··n · · · - "---f , .. _-:. --~-- ·------- -... ..,,.--. · · ·.-.-,_. ~ 1

'~~ IS up to Washington to decide whether "t. /.-1'..c_.;·.l·. .-:._;,.; .. /._ .-, - -- . - -- . Sh uld tak i . ~ •"--·· . - . . . . . l u o la . e positive steps now to try to protect :-.i -_ ': ~ -r;': ~:·· '.~ . - - - .-. , -- : .. <-_,_a ugos viafromslippingunintentionall back,.,;: .._; -.:. ,- ___ ,," • toM ' Y : 1 ~~., er,-'.-• m oscowsembrace , . --;-."-.• ··

_,, '..~!kit ~ain there is. a -nice -~~b1em ~:::.H_:": · mternational manners· Washington tak .- ."'~ ':"~-. - . · es a~ -a ~

poor _view of Moscow's activities in Laun~ "'1 ~:/iJ . - ~erica: Eas~rn Europe is as important to: ~j ~,',.;

M.Osc?w in ~viet eyes as Latin America is to~ . J ' -i '.~ashington m American eyes. : _ ._ , .. ,::-, '.! ~ ~ .. Is there a new set of rules em.:...;;na .abo~ ·,· "!._'!;,'.11· ;·· ;

... ' , -- ut , , . ·. =~tters? Is ~~~" ~ming _more:, '4 ~-- ~-

tra~P.~ident Ford has had a-f~iriating ~eJ'.'.;L~, .. ~ .nmng among these diverse peoples and::::~··"';,~!.':

. ~lems .. He ~t_at least l,Ulderstand them l>etternow forbaviJJlbad the trip -· ·, '", .. _ ~.-. - . ,.w.---..---.--- .. , ..

--~ _-_: _·:_,,: ~ :; ~~;.::-:~i~~~-~·::::;;;:,~<~~~~~~::i ~:: ··:.t:·'·~\t,

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·-.--:-.:~: ·-- '..l·'.:;.:;~:::-·.r:gr-~~ _. . . -..~:_ .. :; ' :·<', .. ~S~nda,._lul120, l97S,

·-·~. ·- ~·-:-~·~· t.'~~~.'1_ ----'--. ;~:;,u

U.S. : V ; . 7\T · · l -· . w.· · ·· " i that ~;reSisUng we wouid not .. 11se

i £Or J. ,uc ear -_. d-r.-~--- J_;:~:::0::~:~s:::0;;:~ -1· we we-Qid use ,_'clean' boinbs with mini· '

• i' -:,~·· . m8J. :OO!out 'effects: for . any larger ex· 1 -~ . . • _ i _· p~osive _equivalent unles~ the enemy

; i · violat_oo the understanding; ·that we -_ ~ ; would ·not attack the enemy retalia- ·

By George C. Wilson . --.:

Wilson WTites on military. affairs for The Washington Post. j tory 'fbrce or 'enemy cities located _ ,. .. _ . . <i __ .. _ . ' : __ __ . . j :~~~:~nz:n~~ dista~~~ behind

THE CONGRESSMAN from Mich· : "Mr. President," a reportei~asked ! · "A ~limited riliciear war~ does not - igan 'took the floor of the House him at his June 25 press conference, 1 guarmtee success by itself;" he wrote,

on Jan. 19, 1951, to demand that the . "let me just - ask you -this Q.iie'stion - I -'.'but ~1t -would use the soclotogtcai, -·White House and State Department . . - · · -· · · i technolOgical and psycholoit!Cal ad-point .blank: If North Korea. attacked ! vantages of the Unit_ed states to _.be_-st. let the U.S. Air Force bomb deep in· s th K d .. · · _ ou orea, woul you use m1clear \·effect .• 1.n " - · .·

side China to help American troops weapons to stop, that?" ·. ~ : S i . 1 Back then, in 1957, he "wa5 · firo(

'-;!:r~~-ed. to tlie breaking point" in .. : · After some verbal fencing)-~ the ! Heney A. Kissinger, executive. director• 'l>residentresponded: "I am not either ! of the H8.rvard International Seminar

"First and foremost,"; he said, "we · · ·· : and a s~ategist confined to.cq~ting. m .. ust .. bomb· the c·h i·nese Commuru"st confirming it or denying it. tam sa_'yr · ·· · · - · - -- · ! _the gov~rnment Today Jje .. ill ; Sec- _ supply bases in China itself ... The ing we have the forces and they will : :retary of State Kissinger, maker and fallacy of fighting the_ hordes of Asia be -used in our national interest, as : implementer of government ppllcy, I

- on the ground is obvious. We are they should be." -. -- '- c : : -~--- ;:_. - ' staff boss of the President'.s Na,~onai bleeding ourselves to death, .which is . ·While Co~gfessmru:i :Ford in ·the .Security Council. In those jobs, he 1

just what Stalin wants us to do. It is. 1950s was_ -- complainm_. g about i& . has signed off on chilnges in Ameri· . . . ' can nuclear war strategy-with some .utter stupidity to cQntinue such a stra1·_nts o'nAm-er1"canpower,-_a·Harvar' · _~d- · · · · _ concepts reminiscent of the ideas he , policy when we are not fighting with professor was calling for more im· . ·et d i his b k d · : both fists " _ s · own n 1957 oo an amend· 1 • aginative use ·of our A-bombs and. H· .ed in a subsequent study. · Back then, in 1951, he was Rep. bc;>mbs. In 1957, the professor 'set · · Another college professor.:...this\ one Gerald R. Ford, an obscure Republi- down his. thoughts in. a book entitled an ailsoclate professor of economics at can from Grand .Rapids, Mich. Today ''Nuclear Weapons and Fore!gn'p ii- the Unversity of Virginia ...;... joined he is President Ford-commander-in- ,, ·

0 ~·-·~ Kissinger 1in the 1950s- in theorizing­: chief of military forces that could in· , cy._ .He argued th.at nuclear ~eaponsi~ pbout · how . .America could use· ·its

· cinerate the world in half an hour. .. could be used without crossmg_,~e :: ' power in the world more effectively .

. H. ,e ~~d abo. ut Korea andJhe use of firebreak_ separating littl_e __ ·~~_'.fl •.. -._-~ .. ~.··_· ''W_e have· not re_conciled ·ours ___ . elves ·American power again, as President, ~orl~_!_~!~cau~--'-~---~ __ -~~~-;r·. emotionally to the need fol'. the con· j~st ~}!~, \Vee_ks ago. · · · · _·J i · ·~~-- ~~f- tinual ex~rcise of power to protect our~

_ ---·---------~-- "c.:.,.. • ·i... ·'-""° interests, this profes or wrote. in a -o.:\~9 . . boo~ published n 1960 and entitled .

· "The · Political Economy of NationaJ . SecUrity." _. , . .

. ': H~ con~ded that "we ~ust'be~o~~,

. adj\ISted to the heavy costs of Umited ·lvarf~e asia co~ditiOJ:lOf llf~ .,,,.n · • ~· This, .same · professor later. devoted : _ full time.to analyzing.mllitarystrategjr ·

as . rurector of strategic studies of the-. . ~d _qorp .. £rom 1963. to_ 1969. '~"~,;:{:);;,,_

~;~v,~r served in any military s~.;;1fM . /~::id.n:l8eif_ and.· thus·. was denied'-~.;}:'~r;Cf -~'~ .... . : ' . ' - .. !.,,-., .. ~~-"'.')::.• ...

<}~-\j·::th&Dcie:. to see what happens. tO ~~~ i~~o' ~· -~ ~:·bi;·actual combat. _,;~1:1~~<fj!~~?-

' ''~*~~if~;;t)~t: ···- . ·:~l(~:-·"'-." .

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.Thursday, May 29, 1975 THE WASHINGTON,POST

.,, .. - ~·~

bemocr~ts ScottiFord - . ..... .

.·for Oil .Tariff Raise ./r ... .. -. ~ REACT, From Al proximately 7 million barrels ,.., ; a day of "old oil" produced in

·that he couldn't wait any the United States. on which loriger to take action.· . there is currently a price

'Sin. Fritnk Moss (D.Utah) limit, the oil. will-shoot up in .. ·said the President's action will price to the $12-to $13-per-bar­

~;:-;"cause a new burst of inflation rel le:vel expected for oil im-.:/: janJ?. result in the loss of fur- ports and uncontrolled dome1t _; : >;;;:th.ex thousands of jobs." tic oil (about 10 million bar- · ;'/:: · ltnited Auto Workers Presi- rels a day). 'X ·

.:/{.'dent Leonard Woodcock called. He i;aid coal and natural gas .:;~::hM: President's ·action "thelprices would then also rise ,:/•''.wot'llt kind of economic non- land the overall cost to the ;'.;<.;.::-sense." · I eonsumer would mount to $25 .. . :;.~~! : ';Jfep. John E. Moss (D-Calif.) billi~n_. . . . . , 'J).,1;;1~. the new import fee is "a I ~nt1c1sm of the President s ·::~;~qtofa1ly unjustified ·burden on action also ca~e from Sen. Lo- _ 'f·,ii;cQ.n.)ull).ers ... It is, moreover, well ~- We1cker (R.Conn.), ;; __ :~.jre,&.r:e~ive, putting the heavi· who said h~ agreed t~t Con­·;':;-:·:::1e~burden on those persons gress hadn t dealt with the-: : .. ··:least able to afford it the poor need to conserve fuel but that c·--:~ 'ana:. middle class ~ho must "putting new taxes on oil im- ,

_:.i drtve to their places of em- ports or raising the tax on gas­' ... plONment." oline as the Democrats .have

>- ltoss said that while the suggested are b~th totally un-Pl',$.Sident is pressing down on acceJ?table solutions. Bo~ ~re

. cansumers with higher prices, nothi~g .!°ore than . ratiomng · h~doing nothing to force by pnce. . ·businesses to save fuels. Sen. Jacob K. JaV1ts (R-N.Y.) • · 4'w. said, "Although I do not ap-- <iilte has reco~ended no prove of the President's ac-

.. :_ eimtgy conservation standar_ds tion I understand his concern ' . o~d~stry ... no automobile regarding the failure of Con,

. g~ mileage st~ndards ... no ss to act on. a long-range:· ' · energy-conservmg perform· gre ,, . · ,.

F~ • aG standards for appli- energy program.. · . . ,f . ; · anee " · The new . tariff was also · , <l?9 Si criticized by -Rep. John Burton .·. ·Moss sa-id that if. the Presi· (D-Calif.), former· Sen .. Fred ..

. · ddllt also succeeds. 1.n de-regu- R. Harris (D-Okla.) and Rep; ,Wi;'. .. lating t~e ~.2!)_ ~.e.i!ing on ap. William J. Hughes . (D-N.J.), · ''.~~: . ·'u . · + · · but Rep. Charles Wilson (D-

. · ,.,. .. ·· ·· Tex.) said . he supports Mr. " Ford because "the .real energy" crisis is in Congress. Afte1f ~< six months of talking about the problem, we have nothing ';'~ to show for it.'' .. ·:. ..

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~fiflfi1fl~f~f~ :Criticize Ford

.. Fo': Oil Tariff By Spencer Rich

Washington Post Staff Writer

Leading J?~mocrats yesterday condemned President Ford for ra_IS1~g the special oil-import tariff to $2 a b~el, . predicting that the resulting. higher fuel prices !

~ill boost ~nemployment and plunge the nation deeper !

Jllto recession. · . . . . . . ..·• / sen. ;Edmu~d s:c-Musk1e (D-Maine) charged that the; -~- o·'---~~--.r,--._- ~~Pre·sident's energy policies

would cause "an economic shock just as severe as the Arab oil embargo, )and that means more inflation· more recession and more un~mploy­ment." · · . .- •:«:'.':"

_:Mr,;::_F~o:iii-order to save . oil, proposed three successive j spec~al. tariffs of $1 per barrel 1 on oil imports, reasoning that

I the higher price would reduce consumption, lessening U.S. dependence - on imports and ·

· thus ·thwarting diplomatic i blackmail by oil-exporting na­' tions. He put the first into ef.

Sen. Henry M. Jackson.~@:: Wash.) said: "This· one aciiOii

.alone will cost American !con­Sl.llDers $2.5 billion per ~ar ·· but it ~s only one step il{~­administration program ,,'.Of higher tariffs and higbezr ·fiiel

feet last winter, but· withheld the ~econd until this week to allow time for other proposals to be considered. · -

. · -~mocrats, however, placing theif emphasis on the slump­

. ~ eco~omy, say higher fu~l i pnces will only cause produc­~on cu~backs in an fuel-using industries and fUrther deepen the recession. ·

They argue in favor of de'­veloping long-range fuel-sav­ing plans based on more . use of mass j:ransit, impoved car: mileage requirements, with standby plans to ration gaso­line and allocate ·fuels to in-· dustry and home heating in case of a crisis or shortage. . ·They have developed sev­

eral pieces of legislation along these lines, but these are .far from final passage, and Presi- ' dent Ford took •the position

See REACT, A6, Col. I

· P!'ices which will take if:Ja.5 I billion from COnSUmers'. and ! ~~ch the oil and ga:s ctinipa: mes .and coal poducep; . ::i';;i'.... .\~·· :

''Higher Prices for (;Ji~ra • and the drain. they cause from consumer purchasing power '. are· the chief single cause of

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the . present depression. Fur- · ther. price increases, in. eluding

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the increases that will be gen­erated by the new . tariff tlireaten to turn the. depres- I sion .. into an economic cat~

·-strophe from which this na­tion may not recover · for years," said Jackson, a candi­date for· the Democratic presi­dential nomination ili.1976. ·

He released a letter to .Ma; jority Leader Mike Mansfield (D-Mont.).asking him to sched; ule a vote as soon as· Congress

I returns from the : Memorial 'Day recess on June 2 .. on whe~her to overrjde_ -~Jlresi­dential veto· of .-legislation passed : earlie,r, thl1i':~f.;,that would•have ·blockedthe siiecial oil import tariffs: . ,·i·:·,'3':,•,; ....

The criticism o{ tii'~· 'F;~~~ dent· reflects wholly different approache&::-to1 · .• -··

~~nJ!~:~~~~~,.

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r-TEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, MAY 15, 1975.

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\J ord Waited 11 Hours t~ Tell ' · American Public of His Action . . .· ' . lti.:·,,

WASHINGTON, May 14 (UPI) ti;> provide ful"!~er detail~ alio~t -President Ford waited at either the rruhtary act1on;·,Ql' least 11 hours before informing the status of the 39-men ere., ! the American people today that th~t was aboard . the. m~rc~~ United States warplanes had sh~p. Mayaguez when 1t !~ attacked Cambodian boats. seized Monday. . · .-;,.,, ..

A hort time later Mr. Ford Asked whether the Um .. s . . • .. States was now at war with

called. t~e Nation.al Security Cambodia, Mr. Nessen repli~ :: cou.ncil into session . at µie "Not that 1 am aware ~." :Wlute House for th~ third time Administration sources . s8id in 24 .hours to continue eff?rits that President Ford decided· t'O to gain release 0~ the Umted order the air strikes late yeSter-' States cargo ship. comman- day afternoon. after the first ''! ~eered by Ca_mbodian forces of the :National Security Coun-

' m the Gulf of Siam. . cil meetings. · .·; · :: · · · The President conferred pert· Mr. Nessen said that con; I

<><!ic~Jly with Secre.tary of State. grss8ional leaders were advi.Sed:: Kissinger, and White House of· of the decision at about 5:31>,

, ficials sought to portray a P.M. by White House ai~es, · 1 sense of calm. who reported· that "there was

During the President's only a strong consensus of su · · · ., l public apppearances, at the star and no objections." ·~ 'if':;'r: .· and end of ameetinl? with Pre- Mr. Ford's next meeting 'With

-i mier Joop M. den Uy! of the the Security Council .. st.atted : Netherlands, Mr. Ford gave no at about 10:20 P.M., soon.after

indication ·that he was un_der Mr. Kissinger returned from• great pressure. At one pomt, a speaking engagement in-Kan•. he and Mr. Kissinger exchanged sas City. The session f lasted jokes about soccer with the a little over two holll'S. Officiahi ·Dutch leader. · · said that Mr. Ford then spent:..

Administration sources said a few minutes in the OVai · that the first . United States Office and headed for the Pres~ >

. air strikes against Cambodian idential quarters, getting to bed·

. patrol boats began by 1 A.M., at about 1 A:M. for about four, Eastern Daylight Time today hours of sleep. They said that! .

· and that at least five of the he got no phone calls durint. · ~ ' craft had been hit within an the night. ·· ~,.:.(, ,,; ; hour. The first public acknow- Mr. Ford reached ·his ~~i .... , ledgment of the operations at abouf 7:40 A.M. and .ilter' • came about noon from the De· receiving his regular e&rly~ · fense Department. There was morning intelligence bri~ ! no official explanation for the he met with, Mr. Kissinger.rfOl"i , delay in announci~g the .action about 45 minutes. He sawm~· . j ; 1taken by the American planes. Secretary of State three . · . ( At that point the White times during the morning be~, : House press secretary, . Ron fore meeting with the Security:

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sions of s~pport for Henry Kissinger are undoubtedly genuine. Still the President has a problem wiih ,the Sec-retary Gf State. · .. · ·.- . _ · ·

It is noithe gross problem of rivalry imagined by would-be 1bafons in the Ford entourag~; It is the delicate and difficult problem of squaring the Pres-

'':Presiderit Ford _rightly understands th~t' _ _.

avoid~~g a ~~rld depr~ssion hasto be t4e .'., . . . , . : . :~ . - -', : " . . . .._ . . . '.: . . Cfll~rpie~e of his .foreign policy." jJ::i:~r

ident's need to meet the international __ . economic·: Crisis · with the Secretary's ...

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emphasis on. detente with Russia· and pri'Ce increase 'on· the intern~tionirl ;~~: settlement in.t~e ~deast.. .- : .. · ,,.. .ance of payments. The UnitedStat.ei,~j):;~

A good way to sense the difference • running a heavy deficit largely -«;e: '.-' · /.· ~--- ·1a to' consider the staggering impact of .cause of the increased payments· fbr:

. : ; the threefold price increase enacted 'by · oil. So are all the.other industri.a1iz8d!1' · ~ · ; "the cartel of oil-producing countries .countries... . -.· . . ._ - ~f . :-1

· ,'over the past' 18 months. Something _ . Fo~ the United St~te!I the unpa~~!I·; . ;like half the :rise in. American whole~ .. not disastrous. The 011-producing C9¥D~ :~ -• • · sale prices over the past year springs tries unable to ·buy goods with their'?-~ :;

'·directly from that increase. The infla- ceipts invest the money in the- most _ tion raging· in most of the other coun- sta-ble foreign countries~ That means

.· 5-··trtes of the world is even more closely America, mainly, and, to a lesser ex-.,. tied to the oil price rise. , tent, Germany, Japan and Britain .... '. ·. '· :,, .; ' So is the world_ food crisis. Fertt- . But nations such as Italy and France+-~-'

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:· .nzer, a petroleum product, has risen in . have ~o borrow to m~et theiqlebts, oz:_\ . _ . . . . ;> .; price step by step with oil The ooun- . else tighten ~P t~mb.1Y on con~ump. i ithe consuming countries in a kind· of

··-'tries which require fertilizer are those -tlcn. Borrowing; is -t~u~ an~ now \ countercartel. Dr .. Ki. 'ssinge.r has talc.en least able to pay because they have ,to thl:e~tens a run ~n maJor ;banking fa. s<>;ne steps here, notaibly in promoting spend their" precious dollar assets on .cilities. Economic restrictions, - by the Washington energy conference of i oil itself. So India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka spreading from country to.·. country.; I' oil-consuniing countries. · · ~ · · ·

1 and several other nations known as the could produce the world depression so · - I ;MSAs, or the countries most severely many· people foresee. __ · 1 ' I But cooperation with such major oil affected by the oil price rise, are President Ford rightly understands : consumers as Japan, France and even threatened with famine. : . - . . _____ "."'... .thaL avoiding a world depreealclizrc,lum _...!_ Britain has ~n sticky. A large part of

Perhaps even more serious:tlla:ii the :. to be the centerpiece_ ot. hla:1~'\the reason is that Dr. Klssi~gei:. has foq~ problem is the impact of the oil- policy, That ~ Ui~. pl&iJMDt~~'/ij_fJ.:rf placed so much more emphaSis on ~e-

. ' · ·. · - - · .•.. ,.,., ,-. .. .: .... :~ ;:_,~~~-+,;r.;.--m1ir~t~:~'j¥!nte with Russia than on coope~tion -.,.-~c;'-~ '':-':"'";'. ;__ · ftbe-prlnClpal ~teD:ient. ~l'.';·o~ 4tl~r~~\~Jth this country's allies. . . _ . . . .

"'Jo~ph Kral t : t:;::f~0bi1~ ~:e~~i;!:~;~.~_i[j-A third tactic· wo~ld be to devefop a·: "ti(JllS last Week:- "Let 'US not delti.de Strong program for. energy Selfsuffici• I

ourselves. Failure to· cooperate ·on oil, - 'ency in this country. Only that would . '~ -food and inflation could spell disa8ter - liave involved sacrifice in the context .

· ~m".~e~_:_~tion re~res,~~ted '.~~)~s ~-~. ~~n~!~~~!i. n~:f:J:e~!en~v!;x: .... ·. But every seriotis. effort tO meet the 8oon as the first progress wlui made to- .

oil problem runs athwart policies put ·ward an easing of tension between ~. -~ intc effect by President Nixon and still·· • rael- .and the Arab states. And in the · cherished ·1>y the Secretary Of _State.; c absence Gf .a crisis atmospl:lere, it has -I The most obvious measure would be to . ·been impossible to take steps. towud-· . insist on a break in the oil price in ex-. ~erican self-sufficiency. :.', <: +:i.':. ;::;

f!8;;~m~~!hi: 8~':1!!'!tg~~:::: ·· · In shorti·Dr .. KisSing~r·s ehtph'a~-~ri' east. But Dr. Kissinger h'ailn't 'wanted • 'settlement with the Mideast a_nd d~ to jeopardize his di'plomatic moves by · iente with Russia imiplles living With

higher oil p,rices. Mr. Ford's need· to mixing in vulgar, commercialinterests. deal with international economic prO'b· For fear. ~ · alienatirig ·the Arabs ·and_> lema implies bringing down the price thus sp~ng.;. his- ne.gotiatlon, . he .. h~ · of oil-~rhaps. ~ven at the cos~ of llv- · no~ applied any ~reasure for. an. oil. .. iD wlilr .. ttlement in tJie Mid<; price break, and his effortto_w_h~e.:.:.. _g -· . ·an unse · .· · · • 'th ' down the price ·by lbeing . iilce" to Qle. ~,~t ; and ~ , incomplete detente. WI . S.itudis has obviously not W'Qrked._ k':-;:;i~c;~S~a,. -:~/-,:.;, :...:::,.-: :;.. ;_.:-6_~:.:.-:t-~:;~;('/

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THE WASHINGTON POST

By. Carroll Kilpatrick·· :;~~.; · .: .:. t,-;: .. · Wasb1Dirtan POI!~ Sta11_Wr1~~0c.~

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la=~~e~e !::~ ol:st;;!:~ ( i ~~~dition,;~~:~;-SecretarY 01 meetings he will have with I l Ron Nessen stressed· the world leaders to assure them : treaty .. commitments •. . the

. f il · v· i \ United. States haS to ~u~ that:despite the a ure m i- I, Korea and to Talwan.·· · ···· ;. etnam America will honor its ;i : : in his news . conference commitments.· · · · ~ · Tuesday evening, the Presi·

In separate meetings yester- ·j dent acltnowledged, ,that. ~ce day the President conferred ·~ . the Vietnamese surrender he

·wi·th' "D-'tish Prime. Minister 1 a ti fro ..,.... 1 has received ·"reac ons . m Harold Wilson, Australian :{ 1-foreign governments w?nder-Piime MJ.ilister Gorgh Whit- :! , ,,. . ing what our position will be, iam and New Zealand Prime ~ ' 'fj asking where we will go and Minister Wallace E. Rowling. -~ .J what our poliiyy will •be.".

The President will meet to- ".J He said that it was bis aim

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m U;S. policy.toward, China or ' Taiwan. Declariri.g that there is "absolutely· no change in ·policy'' toward Peking, ·Nessen said the ·Mr. Ford looks for­ward to his scheduled trip to China later in the year as part of his effort to normalize rela· tions. . . .

In another .. post-Vietnam ac­tion, the President isSued a proclamation canceling special Vietnam war benefits, such as

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day with Singapore's Prime · to. "tie more closely together Minister Lee Kuan Yew.' The ) South Korea with the United I ' iour . prime ministers are States, to reaffirm our com- I

burial allownace, death pen. L s~ons .and benefits for nonser j ·­

.vice connected dlSabllity, for

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stOpping here briefly follow- :mitments to Taiwan,, .. ~:w ing a Commonwealth confer· more closely with IQilo ence in Jamaica. with the Philippines ·md' ..

Later. in the month, the .other Pacific nations.·.;;~~f';~:f% · President will meet here with Nessen explained ·~•':tljt · the shaih of nan. and Prime President wanted to:.re&ffirii• · Minister Johannes· M~ den Uyl the defense arraii.~meJit:$' · of Uie:Netherlandli before .fly• with South Korea an.d;Tafwan ·mg-to Europe for conferences arid "to convey to Nortq:~o;;;' involving several weSteril Eu- rea" American determmation · ro'pean leaders. - · · . · to keep its commitmez;i~):ii'.~~ ·

·111 yesterday's meetings, the Korean peninsula. . .. 't~'.'''·>'·'"'''~ PrE!sident assured his· guests ~ssen-denied:that the PreSL:· that "the Indochina setback · dent's statement-in the· press has in no way weakened -------- - ·· ·--~~~.:.~~~~!;;~·~-

.United States reS<>lve to s~ - . "'-'' . :.·•·,

·_ %~~ ~~ :~~:~:J.s ·.~ c~;/~i:';;)~ White. House spokesman said. , ~:~~ · ·

."The President also stressed the need, in the wake of In.do­cliliia, for continued close co­operation. . between the United States and its allies in

· · Asia and · the Pacific," . the . kesman.said; · ·~· :: '1 'r

~t was emphasiZed' that 't.lie United States has a treaty · ciowmtment; through the AN·

, ZUS (Australia, New Zealand .'.::it': · '"- _'.alllaDce and. North , Atlantic ,"c:~-~: · · Treaty Oigari!Zi.Uon, tO,all the

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· i)ersons joining · · the armed · forces after · last midnight Those in the· service as of yes­terday will not be affected.

.. The President also asked , .Congress to terminate .Veter· [

-· · ans' education benefits for · · : those joining the service. after · . -rJuly 1. But there were indica-

. 1 tions .Congress would be slow to follow. his advice. · · · ··· · ·

· : . : ·"America is .. no ·longer at : War," th·e President said. "But ' peacetime milltary volunteers · have remained full eligible for

· all the wartinle vertan bene-fits." .. ._,.. : :.'. ., ... ·. __ .,.·; ',_ . ,, . . Cantiellation of the • two forms of benefits. would save $1.5 billion over the next five years;·the President said.. ·--··· · ·

Last night, Mr. E:"ord held a . Cabinet meeting .. aboard the · ·'· 0 ;_· ");!':· ~,

' ~!i:~ifi·:::iie f~~:ti~:1· ei -bas used the yacht · '. · · " -

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Ahead of the President a11d the 11atio11 now lies a time of testing.

Prob~ems for Ford less subject to party discipline and legis­lative traditions of the past.

Eye on ballot box. Also: In the mid­- . .: term transitio_n petiod,-both parties will

be charting approaches to the 1976 presidential campaign. Postelection decisions are crowding in on the White

House. Among them: How to deal with recession, inflation, oil shortages, Russia, the Mideast?

The campaigning is over-and it's down to brass tacks for Gerald Ford.

Now the President-after an intensive last-ditch effort to stem Republican loss­es-is having to turn his attention to major policy decisions that are certain to affect the course of Government in the two years left in his term.

Confronting Mr. Ford are problems that are awe-inspiring for a man who is still feeling his way in an office he inherited less than 100 days ago.

High on the agenda: the national economy, the need lo reduce oil con­sumption, an uneasy peace in the Mid­dle East, a world food shortage that involves farmers and consumers in this country.

Spending plans, budget decisions, tax policy, a legislative prograin for the next Congress and other problems are also piling up, awaiting decisions that were avoided or delayed during the political campaign.

U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT. Nov. 11, 1974

The most urgent issue on the White House doorstep is the unprecedented situation of an economy in the throes of runaway inflation and, at the same time, falling deeper into what many econo­mists predict will be a severe recession.

Presidential aides are indicating that the major concern of the Administration in the next two years will be to stimulate business and economic growth-without setting off a new surge of inflation.

Credibility. Too: There is the prob­lem of restoring pLiblic confidence in the Government, a confidence badly shaken in the Watergate era. One public-opin­ion poll after another has shown that neither the executive nor the legislative branch of Government is held in high esteem.

vVhalever answers l\fr. Ford comes up with, he will be dealing with a Congress still firmly controlled by Democratic majorities. From all signs, that Congress will be more restive, more '"liberal" and

Democrats in Congress-sensing an opportunity to limit Mr. Ford to a brief term-will be staking out positions and planning their own party program as the basis for a 1976 platform.

Personal rivalries over a spot on the national ticket may jeopardize Demo­cratic harmony in Congress. Many of the leading prospects for the Democratic -presidential nomination will be in the U. S. Senate, and each will be seeking public attention.

Said a long-time observer of Washing­ton's political wars:

'"Divided Government, leading up to a presidential election, means conflict and confusion. The outlook for the next two years is for a period of incessant and accelerating conflict.··

Even more irrnnediatc problems con­front Lhe President.

Just ahead is a lameduck session of the departing 93rd Congress, and one major order of pending business: the nomina­tion of Nelson Rockefeller, former Gov­ernor of New York, to be Vice President.

Mr. Hockefeller is still expected to be confirmed by Congress-but not until

(co11ti1111ed 011 next µage)

19

PRESIDENTS PROBLEMS [conti1111od from µ1eceding page]

co111plction of prolong,~d hearings and q11cstioning abo11t his financial :ifL1irs and his loans and gifts lo friends and associates.

Lameduck sessions generally produce little legislation, and the con1ing one is regarded as likely to fall into that pat­tern. Some members sitting in this ses­sion will have been defeated at the polls. Others are retiring voluntarily at the end of the year. Democrats, expecting substantially larger majorities when the next Congress convenes in January, will not be anxious to move ahead in the short session on much more than routine appropriations bills.

Thus, Mr: Ford's proposals on taxes and other steps to cope with an ailing economy are likely to be held over until 1975.

Nor are the President's detailed rec­ommendations-expected shortly-on just where to cut the federal budget to keep it under 300 billion dollars this year likely to fare much better.

Given fair chance of passage during the lameduck Congress is a new 12-billion-dollar mass-transit program and federal regulation of strip mining.

Test at the summit. Just ahead, too, is President Ford's first major diplomatic test at a summit meeting with Leonid Brezhnev, the Soviet Communist Party leader. Preventing a· renewal of the arms race is the prime topic for discus­sion. Mr. Ford's session with the Soviet leader later this month in Vladivostok will culminate his first overseas tour as President, a trip that will also include visits to Japan and South Korea.

Even before the conference with Mr. Brezhnev, the President will have to come to grips with difficult diplomatic problems in Japan, where mass demon- ' strations are being staged to protest the alleged presence of Ameritan nuclear weapons on Japanese territory.

In both Japan and Korea, White House aides say, there is concern over the President's physical safety.

It will be January-when the 94th Congress convenes-before Mr. Ford presents his first comprehensive pro­gram for dealing with major problems. Task forces now are at work shaping the program, to be spelled out in the Presi­dent's state-of-the-union message and in the budget he will propose for the fiscal year that starts next July 1.

Heart of the program. Details are · still far from settled. But the heart of the

program is likely to ii1clude, in one form or other, just about every Administra­tion proposal already sent to Congress that does not win approval of the law­makers in the short session. There will ·

20

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be new initiatives, too. Among the key components of the Ford package-

e A comprehensive new tax plan, in­cluding an income-tax surcharge, more­liberal investment tax credits and relief for low-income families.

• Tougher measures to curb oil im­ports and restrict use of gasoline­assuming the President's request for voluntary cutbacks fails to save fuel.

• Public-service jobs for the unem­ployed and other emergency measures to ease the pain of recession. . ~ .

• A national health-ins.urance ·system, administered largely by. the piivate health industry.

o An overhaul of welfare, including a guaranteed annual incorne for the work­ing poor.

• A balanced budget for the coming fiscal year, with spending increases over the current year to be limited to roughly the rate of inflation. That would suggest a 320-billion-dollar budget.

On almost every proposal he submits, Mr. Ford will run into congressional opposition or into attempts to "im­prove" the Ford model.

A battle over spending priorities is likCly to be waged through the entire year. A Democratic Congress, for exam­ple, will be demanding bigger cuts in military spending and foreign aid than Mr. Ford wants-and pushing for more funds for social programs than the Presi­dent will propose.

The lawmakers arc expected, too, lo weaken Mr. Ford's anti-inflation pro­gram and, instead, beef up his proposals for coping with recession's impact. That will involve reshaping his tax package, weakening if not eliminating the income-tax surcharge, and providing more aid to the unemployed.

Already, pressure is building up to

give Mr. Ford authority he does not want to impose stiff wage and price controls. Support for gasoline rationing also seems to be growing in Congress.

One thing Mr. Ford would like to have, and which Congress may give him, is a tax on "windfall profits" of oil companies.

There is . likely to .be considerable debate on how to bring down the cost of groceries-but little action. It will take a bumper U.S. crop in 1975 to relax price pressures and provide the fo.od to help ease-worldwide shoflages.

Concern with crime. Likely to sur­face in the next Congress is concern over public safety. With the crime rate going up once again, demands are rising in both big cities and suburban areas for measures to protect life and property from criminals. Some polls· indicate a public attitude of near-despair over the ineffectiveness of law enforcement.

Compounding Mr. Ford's troubles with Congress are likely to be renewed efforts by lawmakers in both parties to reclaim some of the power the legisla­tive branch has gradually surrendered to the executive over the years.

"The class of '75," says a congressional aulhorily, "will be feistier in asserting its prerogatives, enlarging particularly Congress's role in foreign-policy making and budget control."

Even as the President prepares lo lake on Congress, h,~ will be struggling lo put his own brand on the Administra­tion he inherited from Richard Nixon.

Transition problems have plagued the President, delaying the creation of an orderly policy-making apparatus.

Initially, the President will have to soothe the continuing tensions between the new Ford appointees and the Nixon holdovers. More new staffers will be

U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT, Nov. 11, 1974

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broughl in, more Nixon men phased out. Changes, too, are expected in Lhe Cabi­net in coming months.

One top While I louse official says Lherc could be praclically an entire new Ford Cabinet by mid-1975.

Challenges abroad. Mr. Ford, con­fronted by a host of domestic problems, can count on .no relief on the foreign front.

Despite Soviel-U. S. dctente, slill in its formative stages, a formidable array of potentially dangerous issues demands prompt attention from the White House. Among the major ones-

• A shaky Middle East peace Lhat is fraying around the edges. Hopes of avoiding fresh hostilities between Israel and the Arabs depend on the mediation efforts of President Ford's Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger.

Another round of fighting would pose the danger of a new oil embargo and a Soviet-American confrontation. Even without new war, the threat of further Arab ·oil cutbacks is ·an ever-present danger.

• A new superpower arms race. The Ford Administration is moving into a critical stage of negotiations with Russia for a fresh agreement to control offen­sive nuclear weapons beyond 1977, when existing limited accords expire.

Failure to hammer out a pact on the basis of "eossential equivalence" within the next year to 18 months would force the U. S. into a multibillion-dollar build­up of nuclear weapons to prevent the Soviets from gaining strategic superior:· ity in the 1980s.

• The danger of global depression. A desperate non-Communist world is look­ing to the U. S. to deal with the threat of financial and economic disaster growing out of the oil crisis. Without strong American leadership, European states­men warn; a breakdown of the interna­tional monetary system could prove un­avoidable as one country after another finds it impossible to meet skyrocketing bills for oil imports.

Complex and dangerous. At the moment, President Ford is also confronted by the. breakdown of the southern anchor of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the result of the conflict between Greece and Turkey over Cyprus. In the words of a veteran diplomatic observer:

"The foreign-policy problems con­fronting President Ford may be less dramatic than those faced by President . Truman in the Berlin blockade or Presi­dent Kennedy in the Cuban missile crisis-but· they are more complex and potentially just as dangerous."

Thus, in the aftermath of elections, for Mr. Ford-and for the nation-a time of testing lies ahea?.

U.S. NEWS & WORLD. REPORT, Nov. 11, 197 4

ON THE STUMP WITH '76 ON THEIR MINDS

TIIE CALENDAll says HJ74, bul for half a dozen or more political

figures on Lhe slump this fall, it was J 976 that was at least as much on their minds.

They were the people, Democrats and Hepublicans, with an eye on Lhe White House who were taking part in an eslablished ritual:

Touring the country on behalf of local political candidates-in hopes of building up support and political "IOU's" that would help in a presi­dential bid later on.

In the space of one recent week, for example-

Senator Lloyd M. Bentsen (Dem.), of Texas, spoke on behalf of Demo­cratic congressional candidates in New Mexico and Pennsylvania, ap­peared on a political forum at Texas A. & M., and addressed the Bond Club of New York.

Senator Walter F. Mondale (Dem.), of Minnesola, talked on be-

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half of Governor Milton Shapp of Pennsylvania, who is up for re­election, as well as congressional candidates in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. He found time, too, to ad­dress the American Jewish Commit­tee's annual dinner in Philadelphia and to meet with leaders of the United Auto Workers in New Jersey.

Senator Robert C. Byrd (Dem.), of West Virginia, campaigned for Democratic candidates in Las Ve­gas, Tulsa, Nashville and Memphis.

Senator Henry M. Jackson (Dem.), of Washington, was doing the same in Las Vegas, Phoenix, Albuquer­que, Cheyenne, Salt Lake City and Denver.

AH four are unannounced but expected candidates for their party's presidential nomination in 1976. And all were doing what had been done for months-crisscross­ing the country, appearing at party events, raising money, amassing good will.

By Election Day, Senator Uenlsen had been in 36 Slales Lhis year, Senalor rvtondale in 31 and Senator Byrd in l .'5. Senalor Jackson, this aulumn alone, had spoken on behalf of 56 candidates in 32 States.

Another man menlioned as a presidential prospect, Democratic Hepresentative Morris K. Udall, of Arizona, spent the closing weeks of the campaign concentrating on his own race for re-election to Con­gress. Earlier,.lbis year, however, he traveled to 18 States-more than once to some States that will hold important primaries in 1976, includ­ing New Hampshire, Wisconsin, Florida, Indiana and California.

It's not only Democrats who have been• active. But with President

·Ford-who campaigned in more than 20 States for Republican candi­dates this fall-regarded as odds-on choice to be his party's nominee in 1976, few other Republicans have

Byrd Jackson

been touring the country to build up support for a White House race.

One exception: Governor Ronald Reagan, of California, who made three forays into the South and Midwest to help the cause of Repub­licans. Many political leaders in the South, in fact, said that he was more in demand than r-.fr. Ford himself.

Mr. Reagan remains a favorite of the "conservative" wing of the Re­publican Party. Aides said that he is preparing a bid for his party's nomi­nation if President Ford decides not to run again--or if Mr. Ford strays too far from "conservative" views.

Speaking for local candidates is a time-honored way of getting a head start in the presidential sweep­stakes. John Kennedy in 1958, Barry Goldwater in 1962 and Richard Nix­on in 1966 all traveled widely for their parties' candidates-and drummed up the support en route that helped them to win nomina­tions two years later.

21

THE WASHINGTON POST . Friday,Aprilll, 197:

~Eoreil(n /!<!Jicy'J (ford~J · 1·. >- r~· Preside~t Ford appeared last night''.

i1 ·· :. '·f: before a joint session .of the House· '~ The chances for an enduring peace

·. ,:·. ;ll and Senate to present his review of\· ' l n the best American trndition we!; after the last American fighting man > ··:·: ;;;: U.S. forei.gn policy. He called upon have committ~d-often with striking!' left Vietnam in 1973 rested on two .. 1 · •-t,; the North Vietnamese to halt mili· I: . ...,. .. success--Our' influence ·and good-·of·J publicly stated premises: First, that if ,

· ,.. ' ~~- tary operations immediately and ~·!• · fices ~o help contain confli.cts and set- necessary the Unted States would help 1

: ;;i; appealed to Congress to providr. 1 tle disputes in many regions of the sustain the terms of the Paris Accords ", ';:! more appropriation for humanitarian ' world. We have, for example, helped it signed two years ago; and second, ' · i · .·,~ and military aid in South Vietnam. the parties of the Middle East take that the United States ·would provide _! •.1 < ... ~~· In the w_or1d, he said, the_ United i the first st~ps, toward living with one, i adequate economic and military assist-

··1 . '"·'. · States "will honor our commitments."~ another In peace. 1 ance to South Vietnam. Let us refresh '·· '. ,; j'.:~ Here is his prepared text: : . · ' 'Vl'.e have op.ened a new dialogue with '.\' our memories for a moment. The uni-; : ( :."" Latin America looking toward a r versa! consensus in the United States

' \ · · ; ':~· ~r. Speaker, Mr, President, distinl healthier hemispheric partnership. We at that time was that if we could end · '. . ·. ;::_gwshed guests, my good friends in the' are developing a closer relationship our own invovement and obtain the re· . j ... ·: ;;.,Congress and fellow Americans: 1

, with the nations of Africa. We have ex· 1: lease of our prisoners we woulcj pro· : . : ;: ;'!~ In my report· on the State o·f the ercised international leadership on the 1· '! vide adequate matertal support to · : : · :._ ;i:Union in January· I concentrated on\ great new issues of our interdependent1 ; South Vietnam .

. j · </;'.two subjects which were uppermost i~ world, such as energy, food, environ-\' i The North Vietnamese, from the mo: 1

·.'.·'{the minds of the American people-, ment and.the law of the sea. . !J_ .. -t . '. :i~urgent actions for the recovery of our, · The American people can be proud!

. r ;· i.,. :;).economy ·and ·.a com_prehen;ive .;ro":! of what their nation has a~hieved and 1'

I . . "'gram to make the tTn1ted St_les uie., helped others to accomplish. 'But we ; : '.J pendent of~ sources of energy,_ ! have, from time to time, suffered set-!

~,•:, :· '.:~;· + thaRk t gress for the action backs and disappointments in foreignj '\.'i. 1: it has taken thus far in response to' policy. Some were events over whichi -,~}~{.~~my economic recommendations. I look'.• we had .no control; some were difficuI-!

:- \[te>rward to early·approval of a national · tles we nnposed upon ourselves. i

( --~ .. ,nergy program to meet o\Jr country's·. ~We live in a time of testing and a: .f: . ,;'.c~fong-range and emergency needs. ~· . time of .change. o.ur worl~-:-a world of\ : •. ~1·.'.:-' .. '.·.·. ;;'' · T.onigbt it is my purpose to revle : .. · economic uncertainty, pol!t1cal unrest, i.

... -· '.\·,· c. our relations with the r·-qt of the i and threats to the peace-does not al·; ; ··.·~-::~world. in the spirit of candor and':., low ~s t~e luxury of abdication or do·; · .... \:·:::-:;.i1consultat~on · which·. I have sought _to \ 1 mest!c discord. I recall the words of;

• • 1_;:~.~:1~1nalntain with m~ former colleagues 1 President Tr~man to the Congress . : " and with our countrymen from th · when the United States faced a far: l :: tir;i<> I took office. It is the first pri- . greater -challenge ~t }he end of t~e,

•,:pnty of my) prosidency·to sustain·.and Second Worl_d War_. If we falter m. o:strengthen the· mutual trust ·:and re- our leadership, we may. endanger the

··1· '.•' ;spect which' must' exist among· 'Ameri- . peace of the world-and we _shall, · · -~.C'.~ns and their government if w.e are s.ure!r endanger the welfare of this na· j

·• l!.to deal successfully with the ;.cha!- tion. . , . : l ·~lenges confronting us. at home· and ~resident Truman s resolut~on must

·\ · ,;:abroad. . . • · gu~de us to~ay. Our purpose 1s not .to · 1 , :.;_: The leadership of th l r -1 d St t pomt the fmer of blame; but to bw!d

1, · .. f A . . e · ni c ' a es upon our many successes; to repair : ' ::'.o rnenca. smce. the en,l of World damage where· we find it; to. recover

i ·. · : _.war H, has sustain~d and advanced our balance; to move ahead as a united· I _'. · the s.ec_urtty, well-bemg ~nd free~om people. Tonight is a time for straight

of m1lhons of human be111gs besides talk among friends about where we i _ourselves. Despite some mistakes and stand; and where we're going. [' some setbacks, the United States has A vast human tragedy has befallen made peace a real prospect for us and our friends in Vietnam and Cambodia.

· . for all nations. I· know firsthand that Tonight I shall not' talk only of obli- I · Congress has been a partner in the i gatl0ri5-a:miilg ffom legal documents. l

development and s·upport of the: Amer- ·-who can forget the enormous ·sacri-: ican foreign policy which five Presi-l, fices in blood, dedication and treasure ~ dents. before me have carried forward, !1 that we made in Vietnam? Under five I

i; ~·, with changes of course but not of\ 1 Presidents and seven Congresses the I destination. ! : United States was engaged in In do· :

'The course which our country; 1

1 china. Millions of Americans served, \ chooses in the world today has never · thousands died, and many more were : !

been of greater significance-for ·our- 1 wounded, imprisoned, or lost. Over selves as a nation and for all mankind.; $150 billion have been appropriated for ! ·' We build from a solid foundation. : that war by the Congress of the Unite.d ,

·:;~l~ I I ' men( they :sign..:d rthe ·Paris accords systematically violated the cease-fir~ and other provisions of the agreement. · Flagrantly disregarding the ban on in­~litration of troo)s into the south, they increased Commttnist forces to the un- : precedented level of 350,000. In direct · ~iolation of the agreement, they sent m the most modern equipment in mas­sive amounts. Meanwhile, they contin· u~d to receive large quantities of sup­plies and arms from their friends.

. I~ the face of this situation, .the Unit~d States-tom as it was by the ernotwns of a decade .of war-was un· able to respond. We deprived ourselves by law of the_ ability to enforce the ; agreement-thus giving North Viet- I nam assurance that it could violate , that agreement with impunity. Next : we reduced our economic and arms aid ! .to S?uth V~etnam. Finally we signaled '. our 111creasmg reluctance to give any : .sup1;or~ to that nation struggling for i its survival. . I

Encouraged ~Y these devefopments, Ii

the North Vietnamese in recent . months _b~g_an se.nding even their re· I s~rve d1v1s10ns lllto South Vietnam. ' ~1Rht.een divisions, virtually their en· ·1 · tire army, are now in· South Vietnam. The government of South Vietnam un, cert~in of further American assista'nce, :; hastily ordered a strategic withdrawal. ;

, to more defensible positions. f11is ex-·. tcmcly difficult maneuver. decided ·\

I, uµon without consultations, was poorly.-.

executed, hampered by floods of refu· .! gees, and thus led to panic. The results·) are painfully ·obvious and profoundly '

lm!JVing. .

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l · .our alliance with the great. indus·i State~. And. after years of _er~oi't, · v:e ; trial democracies in Europe,. North; negotiated under the· most ~1ff1cult . c1;· r ,

America and Japan remain strong,! cum~tancell a settlement which ~a.de 1t. ' r In my first public comment on this

tl'agic. development, I called for a new se~se of national !Jnity and purpose. I said J would not enga~e in recrimina·

· tions or attempts to assess blame. with a greater degree of consultation! 1 possible for us to remove our m1htary and equity than ever before. · ·

1

. /' fo~ces and b~lng home wit~ .~ride our With the· Soviet Union we have ·I prisoners. This settlement, .1f !ts terms

moved across a broad front toward a \ .· .- had bee!1 adhere.J i to, Il:frnl1tted our more' stable, if still competitive rela- 1 s.outh V1etn11mese a. ly, with ?ur _ma.te· .

: tionship. We have begun to 'control the·\ rial a~d moral suppo\t, to maintain its

· .. :0 sp~£e~~~~r~!~!~cesn~fc~~~u~~~:t~aenn~!: . t L ~~~;~~~ and_,~~-b~~~-~~~'ter tw~--~~a-~~~-

In the same spirit I welcomed the statement of the distinguished major· ity leader of the United States Senate earlier this week that: "It is time for· the Congress anci the President to

: work together in the area of foreign as _____ well as df?!_l'lestic policy." ·-----

~, <. mez!~ :we have .. achieved a ~istoric open·

;;;:,;;rr~~~~~~~:e.:~·\l~'t~~~-~f.;..__.~~:--:~---:· ···--------====::::::;:;::;:.::====-----

et us start afresh. .,: I am here to work with the Con-

• !-' gress. In the conduct of' foreign affairs, · ' presidential initiative and the ability

. to act swiftly in emergencies are essen­tial to our national interest.

With respect to North Vietrtam, I . · call upon Hanoi-and ask the Congress ·

· . · to join me in this call-to cease mili­: tary operations immediately and to ' honor the terms of the Paris agree-

. ment. The United States is urgently re-\· :,. questing the signatories ·of the ·Paris! · '.~~?: conferen~e to meet their oblig8:iio~ to '·.

0.,::use their influence to halt the fighting- , >t~ and enforce 'the· 1973 accords. Diplo-: I :;;,-ma tic notes to this effect have beenl

.'/ .. sent to all members of the Paris con­ference, including. the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China.

The situation in South Vietnam and . Cambodia has reached a critical pahse

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"'"_..;requiring imm. ediate and. positive deci- · t:i sions· by this government. .

.. ~:·. ·The options before us are few, and /:fhime is shorL ' · "t~ · · • On ~the cine' han<J". the _Unilei:l

. ~fst.ilies"cou1d·:d.o',:nothing:~oie:~1et~~ ·' ~·;\\government of South··vietnam·~·ave l.t·. : '/: self and what is left of Its territory if

· · it can· iet those South Vietnamese ci­vilian~ who have worked with us for a. ·decade save their lives and families if · they can; in short; shut our eyes and

. . wash our hands o.f the whole matter-. - if we can. . .

. I must, of course, consider the safe~y f 6 ·000 Americans who remam .

o some . d t f thou· in South Vietnam, an ens o sands of South Vietnamese employees 'of the United States Gorernment, o.f_ news -agencies, of contractors and ~USI nesses for many years. who~e lives, . with their dependents, are m grave peril. There are tens of ~housands of other South Vietnamese mt~llectuals, professors and teachers, editors an~

. . leaders who have supporte op1mon- · h the South Vietnamese. cause and t e alliance with the Umted States, t? whom we have a•profound mo!al obh-gation. · · ·

I am also mindful of our posture ~o-ward the rest of the worl~. and .partic·.

. ularly on our future relations with .th: . free nations of Asia. These nation, must not think for a. minute that the United States is pulling out on therr or intends to abandon them to aggres· sion.

I have therefore concluded that the national interests of the Unite~ .states and the cause of world stability re· quire that we continue to giv~ both military and humanitarian assistance to the South Vietnamese. . .

Assistance to Sot:'.h Vietnam at this stage must be swift ~nd adequate. Drift and indecision invite far deeper disaster. The sums l ~d.,~equested b~~ fore the major North V1etname~~-~---

• Or, oh the other.hand, I could ·ask1 ·Congress for authority to· enforce thet Paris accords with our troops and 01;1r fensive and the sudden South Viet-tanks and our aircraft and our art1l- namese retreat are obviously inade-

. Iery, and to carry the war to the en· . quate. Half-hearted action would be .,.. · emy. . . 'j · worse than none. We must act together

. · .. -.. There are two narrower options: I and decisively.· · · · : " • First stick with my January re·. ' ~ I am asking the Congress to appro-

'. !~/quest th~t the Co?gress appropriate: priate without delay $72.2 million for i .. · $300 million for milltary ass~sta~c~ for; emergency military assistance and an

. , . · South Vietnam and seek add~tio~al initial sum of $250 ·million ,for eco-• 1 • funds for economic a~d humamtanan, nomic and humanitarian· aid for South · ., purposes. .. ·. · Vi~tnam. . ·

. : ·'. • Or increase my requests for both .. _. The situation in South Vietnam ls 1 • · · ' d h "tari·an' changing rap1'dly and the need for : 1" .·.·emergency military an umam . . ,

: . '! ·<· assistance to levels whic1' by best esti-1 emergency food, medicine and refugee .'\~:.:_:,: mates might enable the s.outh Viet- relief is growing. I will work with the ;.!·'." namese to stem the onrushing aggres- Congress in the days ahead to develop l \:-:·: sion, to stabilize the military situation, additional humanitarian assistance to

·,·:· .. :·'permit the chance of a negotiated po- meet these pressing needs. l '=J'r. litical settlement between the North · Fundamental decency requires 'that ':-> '. and South Vietnamese, and, if the very we do everything in our power to ease :~>i · :'..worst were to happen, at least allow. the misery and ·pain of the monumen-

; ··\·~:-~;the .orderly evacuation ~f Americani. . ta! human crisis which. has befallen ') ·:-';:·and endangered south V1entamese to\ the people of Vietnam. Millions have

. ·!·.',:,;_.places of safety. .. · · . . . ! - fled in the face of the Communist on-

. L;·'. .-:. Let me now state ·my co1tSiderations.. slaught and are now homeless and des--.,. 1 ·,:and conclusions: · titute. I hereby pledge in the name of

, ·:f.'.i_i i'4:· I have received a full report .from i · · the American people that the United · · ·~ .. · f f St ff] Ge [F d) We l · States will make a maximum humani-I i ''.1~r; ;~ [Army Chie 0 a .n. re . · . '' · tarian effort to help .care for and feed ' 'A~ · · yarid, whom I sent to Vietnam to as·\

r"'..;:,; ,'; sess the situation. He advises that the j thein. ··~(:' .!;_;current military situation is critical.-! ' I ask Congress to clarify immedi· ''-~,·~ ·.,but that South Vietnam is continuing ately its restrictions on the use of U.S. ·/;f to defend itself with the resourc~s · . ·: military forces in Southeast Asia for f~~i available. However, he feels that ~f the limited purposes of protecting .}~ i· there is to be any chance of succ.ess for American lives by ensuring their evac-:· · ; '.:their defense plan, South V1etna uation, if this should become neces-

• needs urgently an additional ~722 ~I\- .. sary. I also ask prompt revision of the)· on in very specific military sUP?hcs law to cover those Vietnamese to .• , . United States. In my Judg- . whom we have a special obligaiion and

\. ,'.#.. . .· ' '• !il~ia~ipz~tion of the milit?ry sit·/: whose lives . may be endangered, · W:~,;::::~~ ·~··~"·"~,, m;,, · :J!~~~h!~~:i~:r2~~~!.~,~~~,;~~l; . ..iiiiiiiiiilliiilllil!ll ... iliiliillliiiillliillliiil~,;;,;,;;;~--.;;;....;_ ____ LJ;b~e~ii~o~ti~m~e~fo~ congre~sional del>a.~-~1

. Because of the urgency of the situ.e-. tion, I urge the Congress to complete . action on all these measures not later, than April 19. .

In Cambodia the situation Is tragic.! The United S.tates and the Cambodian government have each made major ef­forts-;-over a long period and ·through

j many channels-to end that conflict. But because. of their 1 military suc­cesses, ·steady external support, and

i American legislative restrictions, the i . · Communist side has shown no interest

in negotiation, compromise, or a politi-; cal solution. .i . And yet, for the past three months\ the beleagured people of Phnom Penh! have fought on, hoping against hope! that the United States would not de-! sert them, but instead provide the I · arms and ammunition they so badly net!d.

I have received a moving letter from the new acting President' of Cambodia, Saukham Khoy. ,

"Dear Mr. President," he wrote. "As the American Congress reconvenes to reconsider ·your urgent request for supplemental assistance for the Khmer Republic, I appeal to you to convey to' the American legislators our plea not-'

. to deny these vital resources to us, if i ·nonmilitary solution is ~o emerge from' this tragic five-year-old conflict. ; '

"To find a peaceful end to the con; · flict we need time. I do not know how

j . much time, but we all fully realize that ,._,, .. the agony of the Khmer people cannot : '·

and must not go on much longer. How- / e\'er, for the immediate future we · need the rice to feed the hungry' and ( ! ~ the ammunition and weapons to de- I ' fend ourselves against those who want , to impose their will by force of arms. ' A denial by the American people of the means for us to carry on will leave us no alternative but inevitably aban­doning our search for a solution which ·1

will give our citizens some freedom of:: choice as to their future. For a number ,, of years now the Cambodian people ; have placed their trust in America. I : cannot believe that this confidence was misplaced and that suddenly

·America will deny us the means which might give us a chance to find an ac-ceptable solution to our conflict." .

This letter speaks for itself. In Janu­ary, I requested food and ammunition for the brave Cambodians.· I regret to . say that as of this evening, it may ·be· too late. · ~ Members of the Congress, my fellow AmericanS', this moment of tragedy for Indochina is a time of trial for us. It is · a time fcir national resolve.

It has been said that the United States is overextended; that we have too many commitments too far from home; that we must re-examine what our truly vital interests are and shape our strategy to conform to them. I find no fault with as this theory, but in the real world such a course must be pur­sued carefull and in close coordination with solid progress toward overall re­duction in worldwide tensions.

We cannot in the meantime abandon our friends while our adversaries sup­port and encourage •theirs. We cannot dismantle our defenses, our diplomacy or our intelligence capability While

. others· increas~_ and strengthen theirs._.

i'.1 Let us put an end to self-inflicted -~..;.·.:.i·oia.a· unds. Let us remember that our na-

- ·,Jm:.J. unity is a· most priceless asset. , 1:. Let us deny our adversaries the satis­, _:. '< faction of using. Vietnam to pit Ameri-

~;"., cans against Americas. · :t;\ At this moment, Mr. President, Mr. ·~>~:Speaker, this nation must present_ to I· ; the world a united front. · ·

'·;: . Above all, let us keep events in ;~ } ·.:Southeast Asla'in their proper perspee-i' · live. ·The security and progess of hun- j " ·

;\)"· dreds of millions of people everywhere . ·~ ·;,',' :_ epend importantly on us. ~' ::~: Let no ·potential adversary believe ii'. : '):~. that our difficulties or our debates • fi> } "·: ~ean a .slackening of our .national will. ·· ~: :\:• ;-. WfS will stand by our fnends. · ·, ~-l"" · We will honor our commitments. l :; )~;· ::" l·~:e ::e:~:ao~dp::~l:o::::·:~:i::: l' ~ j '.'~ • strength, our authority and our leader­

.. J · ;. ship have helped prevent a Third \ · [ · · World War for more than a genera­.\ tioh. We will not shrink from this duty I!

l -~.' in the decades ahead. ' .r~ ~· ;·). Let me now review with you the · I :·:.;~ ·basic elements of our foreign policy, 1. 'i.' ·speaking candidly about·· our·strengths \ f : . ·and our difficulties. 1· 1. ·We must first of.all face.the fact t · . that what has happened in Indochina f .·has disquieted many ·of our friends, es- l \ i . pecially in Asia. We must .deal with ! ~ •.this situation promptly and firmly. To \ · this end, I have already scheduled i meetings with the leaders of Australia, I ·New Zealand, 'Singapore and Indone- : l ! , sia, and I expect to meet with leader~ I i of other Asian countries as well. I::. A key country in this respec~ ls J~- . I ' ·pan.· -The .-wam welcome. I received m j, . ;\ '~>·~~ .: ;,~".: ·:;' :~ --- . -· ·. ";r~\~~t~----- --~· ~

• ::1 1

Japan last November vividly symbol:;~::;·.: ized for ·both our peoples the friend·· i ·: ' ship and solidarity of this extraordi- !'. ·

'nary partnership. I look for.ward with i .. · very special pleasure to welcoming the I · · em porer. when he visits the . United· ·States later this year. · ;

i· ·"·we consider our security" treaty with l Japan the cornerstone of stability . in

the vast reaches of Asia and the Pa­( cific. Our relations are crucial to our i mutual prosperity. Together ·we are ~- ·working energetically pn the interna­~ tional multilateral agenda-in trade, t, energy and food. We will continue the. f.··· process of strengthening ·our friend­! ship, mutual security and prosperity. l ) Also of fundamental importance is f our· mutual security relationship with 1 the· Republic of Korea, which I reaf-

1

·firmed on my recent visit. Our rela· 'tions with Western Europe have never

. '.·been stronger. 'fhere are no peoples , ~~ith whom America~s destiny has been j ·:more closely linked. There are no """·

l' ' , I.; ~' : • .- ' ' t

• To pool our energies on the great new economic challenges that face us.

r In .addition to Uris traditional agenda, there are new problems, in­volving energy, raw materials, and the.

. environment. The A.tlantic nation. s face! many and complex negotiations andl decisions. It is time to take stock, to. consult on our future, to affirm once; again our ~ohesion and our common: destiny. I therefore expect to join with the · ther leaders of the Atlantic Alli-: ance, at a Western summit in the· very: near futue. . . .

Before this NATO meeting, ·l ear-' nestly ask Congress to weigh the'. broader consequences of its past ac-; tions on the complex Greek and Turk; ish dispute of Cyprus. Our foreign pol-' ·icy cannot •be simply a collection of special economic or ethnic or ideologi;

1

cal interests. There must be a concern . for the overall design of our interna~ tional actions. To achieve this design for peace and to assure that our indi­vidual acts have coherence, the execu­tive must have flexibility in the con· duct of foreign policy. · I United States militar.y assistance to an old and faithful ally-;Turkey-has been cut off by action of the Congress.' This has imposed an embargo on mili­tary purchases by Turkey, extending even to items already paid for~an un­precedented . act against a friend'. These moves, I know, were. sincerely in· tended to influence Turkey in the .CY· prus negotiations. I deeply share the. concern of many cititens for the im­mense. human suffering on Cyprus. I sympathize with the new democratic , government in Greece. We are continu- i

·.ing our-earnesl efforts about equitable_! solutions to the proble!ps which exist ! between Greece and Turkey. But the I result of the. congressional action has : been:

• To block progress toward reconcil­iation, thereby prolonging the suffer­.ing on Cyprus.

• To complicate our ability to pro· mote successful negotiations.

• To increase the danger,· of a b~oader conflict. . '.

Our longstanding relationship with Turkey is not simply a ·favor · to · Turkey; it is clear and essential mu- . tual interest. Turkey lies on the rim of . the Soviet Union and at the gates to the Middle East. It is vital to the secu- ; rity of the eastern Mediterranean, the : southern flank of Western Europe and the collective security to our own .secu-". rity as they are to .the defense of· NATO. ·

I therefore call upon the Congress to ' lift th.e American arms embargo against our Turkish ally to passing the bipartisan Mansfield-Scott bill, now be-f"!""' thr' ~,...,..,.1!" 0·:,·.· i1.;- .. =n .-..... 1.· ..

At me same time, In order to strengthen the democratic government of Greece, and to rea.ffirm our tradi­tional ties with the people of Greece, , we are actively· discussing a program,[ of economic and military assistance. i We will shortly be submitting specific ·

. requests to the Congress. . : A vital element of our foreign policy 1

is our relationship with the developing ' countries - in America, Asia and ; Latin America. These countries must•: know that America is a· true and con- ...... · cerned friend, reliahl~ in word and

eed. As evidence of this friendship, I

urge the Congress to reconsider one provision of the 1974 trade act which · has had an unfortunate and unin­tended irr11Jact on our relations with Latin America, where we have such long ties of friendship and coopera- , tion. Under this legislation all mem­bers of OPEC (the Organization of Pe­troleum Exporting Countries) were ex­cluded from our generalized system of trade preferences. This punished two old South America'n friends, Ecuador and Venezuela, as well as other OPEC· nations such as Nigeria and Indoneisia;: none of which participated in last· year's oil embargo. This exclusion has .. seriously complicated our new dia­logue with our frifnds in this hemi­sphere.

I therefore endorse the amendments · r .

which have been introduced in the Congress to provide executive author-ity to waive those restrictions of the trade act that are incompatible with our national interest. ;

The interests of America as well as ; our allies are vitally affected by what i

happens in the Middle East. So long as · the state of tension continues,. it threatens military crisis, the weaken- ··. ing of our alliances, the st~bility of the :. world economy, and confrontation ' among the nuclear supPrpowers. These ' are intolerable risks.

·Because we are in the unique posi- · ' · .. ',- -- ..

tion of being able to deal with all the parties, we have at their request been engaged for the past year and a half in a peacemaking effort unparalleled in the history of the region.

Our policy has brought remarkable successes on the road to peace. Last year two major disengagement agree­ments were negotiated and imple­mented with our help. For the first time in 30 years a process 'of negotia- · tion on the basic political issues was ·begun-and is continuing.

... ''

'·

• '''"."1,pledge the· United States to a ma- · 1

' jar.effort for pace in the Midle East- ' an effort · wich I know has t!rn solid

.. sUP?<?rt of the American people and .-,_their. Congre_ss. We are now examining . how best to proceed. We have agreed .in principle to reconvene the Geneva

· conference. We are prepared as well to . cx~l_o~: o.ther forums. The United··/

.. sfates will ~ove"' aheaiif'on'Ywhatever}~ .. course:looks most promising,, either to- '

wards an overall setlement or inerim · agreements, should the parties desir.e them. We will not accept stagnation or a stalemate, with all its· attedant risks

. to peace and prosperity and to our rel--. ations in and outside of the region. · ·

The· national inteest-and national security-require as well that we re-

. . dµce ,the dangers of war. We .shall · strive· to do so by continuing to im­

prove _,relations with potential. adver· . .. ~~~:i;~~:f~_'.: .. J.:;,:: .... 7:~.-~.'.>- c~r;:_;l: : ... - .·

· .. : T·; it' L : ···:· '... ·,

Thi:'united States and the Soviet · .Union share ·an interest in lessening tensions and 1building a more stable ~ relationship. During this process we. . have never had· any illusions. We know ·that we are dealing with a nation that refle~ts different principles and is our· competitor in many parts of the globe ..

·Through a combination of firmness and flexibility,. the United States has

· in recent years laid the basis 6f a more reliable relationship founded on mu­tual _interest and mutual restraint. But

! . we cannot expect the Soviet Union to show restraint' in the face of United States weakness· or irresolution. As long as 1 am· President, merica will ma.intain its strength, its alliances and

··its principles-as a prerequisite' to a more peaceful ·planet. As long as I am

: President, we will not permit detente. to become a license to fii;h in troubled -

laters. Detente must. be a two-way,

. street. · ·'\ ,i . ~~~~ · Central to U.S.-Soviet relations to­''!;. day is the critical ·negotiation to con-· .1;<: ... trol strategic nuclear weapons: W hope i~h'· ~o forll: the Vladivostok agreements .

_' ! mto a final agreement this year at the L, __ ti~e _of. General_ Sec_retary J3rezhnev's p' visit to the United States. ·such an i i.>' agre_e!Ilent would for the first' time· put

· 1:.:<a ceihng on the st~a. tegic. arms race. It ,"!'.' w~uld mark a turning point in postw,ar

.. - :.'. ~1s~ory and. would be a ~rucial step in ·1: hfti~g from mankind the threat of nu-... clear war. · · · ' · · -r~1 ··Ou~ use of trade and economi~. san"c- .

. · i .. · tions as weapons to alter the internal r ·1·\ conduct qf other nations 'must also be

.' ·; ;:. , ~eriou~ly. re-examined. However rwell- · ·\-.. ,·,mtentioned the goals, the fact is that ·: ·; i; som~ of. our recent actions in the ec_o- : · '.· .· .~nom1c field have been self-defeating. . ·, ·. !hey are not achieving the objectives

. intended by the Congress. And they ;~,,' ; _h~ve damaged our foreign policy. · · · > :'. ~ · The trade act of 1974 prohibits most-. : ::·: · ~avored nation treatment credit and · ·· } investment guarantees and commercial

1 '. ~greements with_ the_ Soviet Union so '· •'r•1' " .. ;1 4"1

As a rC'sult., Western Europe and Ja­pan" have steeped into the breach. They have Cl'tcnded credits exceeding $8 billion in the last six months. These are economic opportunities-jobs and bt1siness-which could have gone ·to Americans.· ·

There should be no illusions about the hature of the Soviet system-but there should also be no illusions about

· how to deal with it. Our belief in the

\

right of peoples of the world freely to · emigrate h~s been well demonstrated.

This legislation, however, not only · · . harmed ou.r relations with the Soviet

· Union but it seriously complicated the ' .. :' .. prospects of those seekin~ to emigrate.,,~ .

: · The favorable trend, aided by our

. '

· . quiE!t diplomacy. hy which emigration increased from- 400 in 1968 to over 33,­

. · 000 in 1973. has been seriously set · back. Remedial legislation is urgently . needed to -further, our national inter.-

. fSt. -With the People's Republic of China

' we are firmly fixed on the course set forth in the Shanghai Communique.

. Stability in Asia and the world require our· constructive relations with one­fourth of the human race. After two decades nf mutual isolation and hostil- • ity, we have in recent years built a promising founcl~.tion. Deep differ­ences in our philosophies and social svsterns will endure. But so should our mutuai long-term interests and the goals to whi;;h our countries have jointly subscribed in Shanghai.

I will visit China later this year to · reaffirm these interests and to acceler­

ate th~ improvement in our relations. The issues I have discussed are tht.

most pressing on the tradition;il. agenda of foreign policy. But ahead of us also is a v<>.st new agenda of issues

.. in an interdependent world. The • ,' United States-with its economic · 'power, its technology, its zest for new horizons~is· ttie acknowledged world leader in dealing with many of these

· challenges. lf this a moment of uncer-. i tainty in the world, it is even more a ·

moment of rare opportunity; We are summoned to roeet one nf.

man's most basic challenges-hunger. ·At the World Food Conference last No­vemher in Rome, the United States . outlined a comprehensive program to close the ominous gap between popula­tion growih and food production over . the longte(m. Our technological skill _ -- - -- - i

and our enormous productive capacitv I are crucial to accomplishing this task. \\

l • The old order-in trade, finance,

and raw materials-is changing, and American leadership is needed in the i creation_ of new ii:istitutions ai:id prac~ ; tice for .. worldwide prosperity and 1

progress. · · : \ . • The world's oceans, with their im; \

mense reources and strategic impor· l tance. must become areas of coopera• ;

, tio!1 r~th~r than conflict. America!l. l ·policy is directed to that end. - · 1

• Technology must· be harnessed t.o 1

the service of mankind while protect·~ · i ,. ~ n, r ~•wirn!"mf"nt. This, too; is an

One of 1 he [incst success stories -iml .,· our foreign poll~~ .{s. our cooperative, 1· e([Ort with Otf{¢.r'.~Jll{ljOr energy.con•_ surning nations. tn· little more than a year, together with our: partners:

•We have created the In_ternational' ·~ Energy Agency. 1 .. ,

•We have negotiated an emergency \• ~· ; . sharing arrangement_ which helps :·to' \ ·

. reduce the dangers of an embargo. · ·"' , •We have launched major: interna'.·-~ ' _'

· ·ti on conservation efforts. ·:--....J..--~--:

•We have developed a massive pro-·\ ·gram for the development of alte,rna~, l tive sources of energy. . .. J

But the fate o[ all of these programs'.· depends crucially on what we d~ at home. Every month that passes brings_ ; us c.loser to the day. when we will be·:· . dependent on imported energy [or 50% · 1

of our requirements. A new embargo_·\. under these conditions would have a:: . devastating impact on jobs, industrial · expansion, and inflation at home. Our,_; ecooorriy cannot be left to the me,rcY' • of d~cisions over which we have ·.no· : control. , : -·. · ,\

I call upon the Congress to aet. In a world where information is

power, a vital element of ~ur national security lies in our intelligence serv· ices. They are as esential to our .na· tion's security in peace as in w.ar. Americans can be grateful for the 1m· portant, but largely unsung, co~trib~· tiom and achievements of the mtelb· gence services of this nation.

It is entirely proper that this system be subject to congressional review. But a sensationalized public debate over le­gitimate intelligence activities is a di­service to this nation and a threat to our intelligence system. lt ties our hands while our potential enemies oP· crate with secrecy, skill and vast re· sources. AnY investigation must be conducted with maximum discretion and dispatch, to avoid crippling a vi~al national institution. 1

As Congress oversees . intelligence ~ . , . activities it must organize itelf to do s? ·,_

·in a responsible way. It has been trad1· 1 tional for the executive to consult with 1

.. · the Congress through specially pro·. '.I · · tected procedur.es that safeguard es:-·'.·• .

sential secrets. But recently. those pro•;·'-·~-­cedures have been altered in .. a w~Y: · that makes the protection of vital i_n· . · formation next to impossible. I will­work with the leaders of the House and Senate to devise procedures which. will meet the needs of the Congr~ss . for review and the needs of the. nation .. for an effective intelligence service.

Underlving anY successful foreign policy is the strength and-credibility of our defense posture. .

We are 'strong and we are ready. We intend to remain•so; ·

Improvement ·of relation_s with ~d­versaries does not mean any relaxation 'of our national vigilance. On the con'

. trary, it is the. firm ma~ntenance of both strength and vigilance that make_s possible steady progress toward a s~f~r

--~nd more peaceful world. .. _ _ _ ..... ---

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I> The national security budget I have · j submitted is the minimum the United j States needs in this critical hour. The

\

Congress should review it carefully. But it is - my considered judgement

. - that any significant reduction would -/_, endanger our ·national security and l thus jeopardize the peace.

•• 1, ( Let no ally doubt our determination -" . t9.maintain a defense secon(i to none.·

Let no adversary be tempted to test · : ·our readiness or our resolve .. - · '

\ History is testing. us today. We can­

. not afford indecision, disunity or disar~ (-·are more needed for the future. For

ray in the conduct of our foreign af· fairs. - ,

- i th:t0fiif;~arti~~n s~e:1~1~o~:r:h~~~ ;ft~,' " . _:.- · wisdom, assurance, and national unity: · .\:,· : i , - The world looks to us for the vigor

: and vision that we have demonstrated --- ' ·\ so often before at great moments in

·.·'

... .,;; '

~-, ou·r history. - · - -• I see a confident America, secure

in its strength and values-and deter· mined to maintain both.

• I see a conciliatory America, ex· tending its hand to allies and adversar· ies alike, forming bonds of cooperation to 'deal with the vast -problems facing us all.

• r see a compassionate America, its heart reaching out to orphans, to refu· gees <\nd to our fellow human beings afflicted by war and tyranny and hun·- i _ ger.

As President, entrusted by the Con· stitution with primary responsibility

·for the conduct of our foreign affairs, I renew: the pledge I made last August: To work cooperatively with the Con·

-gress. I ask that the Congress help to keep

America's word good throughout the world. We are one nation, one govern· ment, and we must have one foreign

-policy. · ,. In an hour far _darker than this, Ab.

raham Lincoln told his fellow citizens: ; "We cannot escape history. We of'

this Congress and this administration: will be remembered in spite of our· j selves. No personal significance or in· I significance can spare one or another

·,of ~J~'who0 are entrusted by the people1

with' the great decisions that fashion their-future can escape neither our re­sponsibilities nor our consciences.

.· ,. : . ~·;,., :. \ By what we do now the world will

know our courage, our constancy, and our compassion. ,

. The spirit of America is good and the heart of America is strnnE!. Let us

l I.

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Blue jeans appear at the White House as Steven Ford welcomes parents back from President's speech to war veterans.

W~TH A NEW FIRST FAM~l Y,

STYLE IN WH~TE HOUSE IS CHANGiNG A "home folks" feeling is taking hold as the Fords settle in.

Lively but low-key, it marks a big change from the four ·decades of lavish living that began with Franklin D. Roosevelt.

After decades of what often appeared to be a regal way of living by U.S. Presidents, a return to a more modest life style is coming into view al the White House.

Friends of President Ford and the First Lady who know their likes and dislikes from long acquaintance make this prediction:

The Fords' tenancy at 1600 Pennsyl­vania Avenue will be as down to earth as the traditions of the great mansion and the social and· ceremonial obligations of the Presidency permit.

That will mean a marked change. With the exception of Harry Tru­

man-a notably frugal man-Presidents beginning with Franklin D. Roosevelt

... .. .

have lived amid increasingly con­spicuous opulence.

President Roosevelt set precedents that some c'itics called "imperial."

Dwight D. Eisenhower, restless in the White House, pursued such hobbies as golf and fishing on a grand scale, ·from Palm Springs, Calif., to Newport, R. I., from Colorado to Augusta, Ga.

John F. Kennedy and his wife, Jacque­line, brought the "Camelot era" to the White House-a time of lavish entertain­ment and glittering guest lists.

Lyndon B. Johnson's personal life style was expansive at the \.Yhite House and equally so at his LBJ Hanch in Texas, a showplace in its own right.

Richard M. Nixon favored the majestic

·rs;~~ .·.1-'.

I ,', ·'

-~--· !

trappings that his immediate predeces­sors had enjoyed, added touches of his own, and maintained, as well, a "\Vest­ern \Vhik House" at San Cl,;mente, Calif., and a ''Florida White House" at Key Biscayne.

"Feels at home." Long-Lim<~ ':ssoci­ates of President Ford say Lherc is every reason to anticipate a simpler, more informal way of life than that which the nation has come to expect from its Chief Executives in the past 40 years.

Says one close observer: "The Ford' just don't lean towa~d the

spectacular or the extravagant. For in­stance, to put White House policemen in European-style uniforms-as Hichard Nixon once did-would be completely out of character for Gerald Ford, a man who likes to fix his own breakfast."

From another associate: "Don't look for President Ford to set

up a1 \Vestern White llouse or :.; Florida White House or even a Grand Hapids White House.

"After all these years in the political mainstream of \Vashington, he feels at home here. His friends, with whom he intends Lo remain in close touch, arc, here."

Mr. Ford is expected Lo continue a family tracliLinn-Christmas holidays at his $65,000 condominium near the ski slopes of Vail, Colo.

There is no thought, however, of making a "winter While House" of the condominium, which is on the third floor of a building overlooking a busy street.

The Fords, according to friends, have decided not to sell their $70,000, four­bcdroom home in Alexandria, Va. They

(co11ti1111ed 011 11ext page)

15

~"'\"·.-~·~,__...,.__----,__ ____ .,.... ___

NEW FIRST FAMILY [continued from preceding page]

also own a $25,000 house in Grand Rapids, Mich.

On week-ends, the Fords probably will make frequent use of Camp David, the Government-owned presidential retreat in Maryland's Catoctin Moun­tains. That hideaway was first used by President Roosevelt, who named it Shangri-la. President Eisenhower changed the name to Camp David in honor of his grandson.

The heated swimming pool at Camp David is of special interest to Mr. Forti", who made daily use of his back-yard pool in Alexandria. The White House pool, installed during the Franklin Roosevelt era, was covered over during the Nixon Administration, and a $500,000 press room was built on top of it.

Only a few changes. Mr. and Mrs. Ford plan few alterations in the White House living quarters, where they took up residence on August 19.

One bedroom is being converted into a den and television room for the new President-and some exercise equip­ment is being installed for him there.

Of the Ford children, only daughter Susan, 17, will be a full-time resident of the White House. The bedroom she chose formerly was occupied by Julie and David Eisenhower. ·

The Fords' eldest son, Michael, 24, and his bride, Gayle, are living near Boston, where he is a theological student at Gordon-Conwell Seminary. John, 22, is returning to classes at the University of Utah after working this summer as a ranger in Yellowstone National Park. Steven, 18, plans to work on a cattle ranch in Utah fsir a year before enrolling in college.

White House aides keep remarking upon the President's calm approach to the problems of transition. One staff member's comment:

"The President is tremendously re­laxed. He just doesn't show any sign of pressure. He is a pipe smoker who always has a couple of pipes at the ready on his desk in the Oval Office. The desk is usually clear except for the pipes and a note pad. He sometimes props his feet up on the desk as he talks on the phone or confers with aides.

"During meetings.in the Oval Office, the President keeps his jacket on, but when he goes into the adjoining sitting room he takes it off and gets really comfortable. Sometimes, he seems so relaxed that I ask myself, "Does this man really understand that he's the most powerful leader in the world?'

"One thing is certain: He's enjoying his job aud taking it in stride."

Some staff members fret about Mr.

16

Ford's open-door attitude. A holdover from the Nixon Administratiori put it this way: "The open-door policy is fine as a slogan, but there arc just so many · hours in a day, and a President has to budget them."

Another complaint heard is that there are now "two separate staffs" at the White House-the Ford cadre and the Nixon holdovers. Said ·one of the latter: "These two separate groups are eying one another with a certain amount of suspicion and hostility." . Despite such mild grumbles, the pre­

vailing attitude in the Ford White House

UPI

The President and the First Lady enjoy a dance at party honoring King Hussein.

appears to be a blend of optimism about the future and relief that the tensions of the recent past have vanished.

For the Fords, life has undergone, inevitably, a dramatic transformation.

Betty Ford, speaking of the change, has remarked, for instance, that her husband was "practically going broke as Vice President."

Mr. Ford's salary in that job was $62,500. That was $13,000 more than he received as House Minority Leader-but as Vice President he declined to accept fees for speeches, from which he earned $34,000 in 1973.

As President, his salary is $200,000, plus a $50,000 expense allowance, and an additional $40,000 allowance for trav­el and entertainme11t.

At Mr. Ford's disposal now are such

perquisites as the luxuriously equipped "Air Force One" and other jct planes, a fleet of helicopters and limousines, and the 99-foot yacht Sequoia.

In the magnificently furnished White House, which costs 1.7 million dollars a year to operate, servants are on call around the clock. "Household help" in­cludes butlers, chefs, maids, chauffeurs, gardeners and other service employes-72 in all.

There is a wine cellar, a library that is restocked every year, a constantly changing choice of the latest movies for private viewing, a medical staff and countless other amenities.

For the protection of the President and his family by the Secret Service and the White House police, there is a budget of 14 million dollars a year.

It has been said that no king or emperor could afford the opulent trap­pings that surround a President of the United States.

But aides say Mr. Ford is mindful that-in a time of worrisome inflation­questions are being raised about presi-dential luxuries. ·

lt is pointed out, too, that the troubles of Hichard Nixon included criticism stemming from expenditure of .public funds in connection with his two private homes located at San Clemente and Key Biscayne.

Touches of austerity? All indications are that Gerald Ford will provide some touches of austerity.

One sign of this: When lhe President gave a reception for se\·eral hundred high-ranking federal officials, the refreshment available was iced tea, rath­er than the mixed drinks and · costly delicacies usually associated with such events.

Also noted was the low-key manner in which Mr. Ford announced his nomina­tion of New York's former Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller as Vice President.

Protocol experts note that pomp and pageantry are inseparable from the Presidency-an office of awesome pow­er. Even so, friends of the Fords main-' tain that life at the White House now will be less lavish and more informal than in the decades that saw the steady

. growth of a regal style. The first stale dinner given by the

President and Mrs. Ford-on August 16, in honor of King Hussein of Jordan and Queen Alia-is being cited as an exam­ple of the new way of life at the White House. .

One guest gave this description of the atmosphere:

"There was a feeling of easy friendli­ness-there was no tension, no rigid formality. The White House seemed homey and comfortable, like the Fords themselves."

U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT, Sept. 2, 1974

·.Press Curbed ori a Union Ethics Cddeicourt ul)ho1ds conviction~'. ·... .. . .. _. _ . . • _ . . . . . . · , Of SL Petersburg Reporter

, I . . . ------· .;

WASHINGTON; Sept .25 (AP) argued in hearings before Judge buying stock in a company he LAKELAND'. Fla., ~ept. 27 -:-For. the second t_ime, a Na- Singer . earlier this year that had written . about, according (UPI)-A Florida appeals cou~t !1onal Labor Relations .Bo~rd_ the ethics: code merely .defined to the newspaper's editor, uph_e~d . the con_tempt of· court Judge, has -ruled that. an ethics the

/ standards the newspil-per Richard H. Leonard. · c~nv1ction of a St. Petersburg

acfofdeectsfor nke~spaperd:t~mployeds considered "vital and indi•oen- Mr. Castner, who has been .Times reporter, Lucy Ware

wor mg con 1 10ns an . . . · · · •· · · M h f !s subject to collective· bargain~ s1ble to 1t~. pr~duct.". , ,at the newspape.r f?r more organ,_ w o re_ used to tell -a mg.. · , 'To m~mtain · the starydards, than two years, was the only grand Jury the source of a

· · In _·i~suin~ the ruling today, the publisher argued: tha,~ ma:11- bidder Tuesday on 6,000 shares newspaper article. · Admm1str~t1ve i;.aw J_udge Sam. ag~ment i:nu~t . ~etam µnf~t- of stock' in American Bank- But the panel of judges set

uel M. ~m~er ordered Peer- teiedd pub!ish_Jng Jud_gment_ · ' · shares Corporation. He bid 22 aside. the 90-day jail term im-less Pubhcatwns Inc. publish- to· etermine the ultimate mtel· · d b J d . . .Efr of. The Pottst~wn (Pa.) Mer- lectual. quality of _its produc't': cent.s :or ·each share. T,he par ~ose _Y, u ge · Robert . W1~-

. . CUI""J, to rescind its code of free fr01:n: -"intrusion· of the in~lvalue 1~ $5. . . hams of Pasco County 9rcU1t ethics and general office· .rules evitabl)" :hampering · process · '.'He, did not do anything ii- Court. · governing .. ed.itoria( employes. ;called. 'collecti~_e bargaining'." legal, nor ~o: we _feel that he Mrs. / Morgan was cited for 1

Judge Smger said the •. terms. B_u! _Ju~ge Smger, citing the used any ms1de_ mf?.rmation," contei;np~ .a~d. sentenced to five M .. employryumt embodied in the de_c1s1on m t~e M~dison case, Mr. Leonar? . said.. However, montl'is, m' Jail for refusing to rules must ·.be negotiated .. with said produ~t m~egnty. was not '!'he_ Journals. standards o.f ob- tell 'li. sta.!e attorney the source ,the employes' union, Local IO the.· ,exclusive interest of tpe Ject1ve report1_ng .demai:id that ?f an _ari1cle dealing with grand of the Newspaper Guild ofPhil- publisher. Reporters; he ruled, rep_o.rters avoid any situation iury·deliberations. Sbe laterwas adelphi~, _:which filed charges a_ls? "have an interest. in objec-1Wh!Ch piight lead the pub.lie to Cite_d for the second contempt of ·unfair labor practice against !1v1t)'... _accuracy, 1udgmen~. ?eheve. -!~ey have a confhct of charge· by· refusing to answer the publisher last year. · · ~m<win~t1on. and other intang- interest. . · ·, ,. . . · grand jury questions on . the ·

. ·, .. Another N.L.R.B. judge ruled 1bles cited· by ma?agement as Mr, _Castner_ . ~e(en~,e_d his_ s01,irc~, 1he first citation was - · ~~- · ·-·-· .nec.essar.vJor...oubhcation....oLar:. purchase as leg1t1mate, mve.st- overturned o~he ground· that ,

·,

">. ,

~:.___ -- -

. ··-PoLITICAL CIRCUIT> By ROBERT L. HEALY

',:Can be beaten . .:. ~ Things are 109king_ up for _the Democrats nationally.

That certainly was the message out of the New Hampshire ~victory last week by John Dui:kin over Republican' Louis i'Wyman · in the Senate contest. And it is sure to be' re- .

·'!fleeted over the weekend when at least six, and possibly 'seven candidates for the presidential nom~nation get to• :'gether in Springfield. ·

''/

~ The problem f~r the Democrats nationally at this­·· stage of the presidential picking is that they don't think

. Jiiey have much in the way of horses. And.Presiqent ford· ·has so dominated the news.and the campaign scene that it

. "'appears hopeless. .· . . \ ...

> But the lesson of New Hampshire to Democrats is that · :the President can be beaten. Certainly, his policies were !rejected soundly in what is generally considered a Repub­" ., .. · . lican state. The Administra­

:tion and what it stood for was a major issue• in ·that ciynpaign. ;_

That could· make things · more attractive for the Dem­ocrats who are coming to Springfield for the second in·

. a series of five regional fo­.rums.

. The first . was held in Minneapolis just two weeks ago with five candidates, Sen. Birch Bayh of .Indiana, former Sen: ·Fred Harris of Oklahoma, Gov. Milton Sliapp of Pen!J.sylva,nia, for­mer Gov. Terry Sanford · of North· Carolina and Rep. Morris Udall of Arizona. '

. •·• , . · Those five are expected ·to be in Springfield, along with Sargent Shriver, who an~ 'nounced last week, arid Jimmy Carter, former governor of 'Georgia.· ·

, There is a regional touch· to the forums. Each candi­·date will serve on a panel. Panelists in Springfield will in-

1 dude' Lester Thurow, professor of economics at MIT; US ··Rep. Michael Harrington,of Beverly; Hubie Jones, a black leader in Boston, and' Victor Gotbaum, executive director ;H('. the State, County and J.14unicipai Employees Union. ,T_hey will deal with regi<mal issues such as offshore oil ~Q,rilling, energy, u.nemployment l\nd the environment. ·

The sessions wiil tak~, pl~ce this week in the Spring­.field Civic Center, Its sponsors include the Americans for .;b~mocratic Action (ADA), the auto and -communications . workers, .and the women's ca\lcus. Delegate candidates ,fiom the six New England st_ates and Ne~ York ~ill at:

. tend, but the forum will. be ,open to all.

, Rep. Donald Fraser (D-Mich.), national ADA chair­:man, is the idea· man fo~ the forum. He also .was on.e of the principal sponsors of. the Democratic mid-term con­vention in Kansas City last year.

~i<"I •i . . . . ••

" . Neither Kansas City nor the forums have been partic';. '.uiarly: attractive to .the regulars and conservatives in the

. : J;lemj>sraj;i_~-~Pa_rty. ·~~t K!!nsas Cfty worked~·It 'showed ---;- . . . . . . that. a very diverse- 'party

FRED HARRIS .o; __

could deal with. issues and : not tear itself apart. The

first· forum in Minneapolra · · also was called a success.

Beyond that, it shows once again where the action is in the Democratic. Party. It is on the liberal side. Gov.

1

George Wallace,. and Sens. • Henry· Jackson and Lloyd \ Bentsen, all presidential can- i didates and all associated with the regulars or the con­servative elements· of the Democrati~ 'Party, did not attend the Minnesota forum and are not planning to at­tend in Springfield or the other forums planned in Bali timore, Atlanta and Los An­geles .

.,,: The forums are clearly an· attempt to stir interest in

.what the Democrats have to offer and give the current -St!ible a chance to app~ar in a well-covered forum. .

·'''.'' But beyond that, th~y are. sure to produce organiza­'tion for at least some of the candidates who take part. Or­'ganizatlon produces money and that is the stuff that wins popular primaries. · ·

·~ : 1'. New England ~ill have a regio_n81 primary of a ·sort. -New Hampshire still will pe the leadoff but Massachusetts and Vermont.will be·only a week behind next spring, and

, . .sori1e of the candidates will combine their New Hampshire •

1 •and Massachusetts and Vermont operations. Springfield Jover the weekend will be a presidential' primary preview' ;foi:: the entire areil. · •

~· ... Robert Healy is executive editor of The Globe . ' . . ( ' '

________________________________________ """'!"" ________________ '!""'!"' ________________________ ....J ....... t)"~: :.::..._:____:c___c_2_"__~c~·"-----,-~~~~~~-

,-~THE NATION

that more than $25 billion is needed to shmulate recoveR I he $11.5 billion tax cut ol 1964, whtc serves as a yardstick because it produced a successful recov­ery, would be the equivalent of $26 bil­lion in today's inflated economy.

Some top Administration officials have an opposite worry. Greenspan, Treasury Secretary William Simon and Arthur Bums, chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, are unhappy about the burgeoning federal deficit will re­sult from · a ro"ected $35 bil-

on m seal I 975. If the Treasury is once agam forced to borrow heavily to pay Government bills, a credit crunch could develop when corporate fuiancial needs cannot be met. Should the Federal Re­serve significantly add to the supply of money and credit, inflation would be gigged upward anew.

The Administration plans to make

SPEAKER ALBERT MEETS WITH FORD

tion, the minimum standard deduction, and the low-income allowance. Ford dis­cussed the personal income tax refund last week with Al Ullman, chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee. At the end of the session, Ullman was· not necessarily buying the exact form of the President's proposal, but he pledged to cooperate on some kind of quick tax relief. ·

Taking a more alarmist view of the recession, the Democrats are offering a much broader program than Ford's, and seem confident of passing it, even over a presidential veto. Disparaging "half­way measures, timid initiatives or pub­lic appeals to voluntarism," they have set up a ten-man task force in the House, directed by Speaker Albert, that will propose at least a $20 billion tax cut for lower- and middle-income families. They are also recommending a larger

EDDIE ADAMS

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reacted. Administration spokesmen var­iously described the forthcoming pro­gram as "hard-nosed" or "hawkish," though some might argue whether ra­tioning would not be the more hawkish of policies. Said one White House aide: "Philosophically, it is cast in terms of crisis." Ford was ready to take an un­compromising market approach, prefer­ring to cut consumption by prodding up prices than by using restrictive import quotas or rationing allocations.

The boost proposed by the Admin­istration was twofold: tariffs and new taxes on oil and natural gas, on the· one hand, and removal of price controls on the other. In $1 stages over three quar­ters beginning March l, Ford planned to puc as -~r- . an iriiponeo oil -a move e can make on his own lrit­hahve under a provlSlon of the lrade Expansion Act of 1961. He would also

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For the Democrats, a fen-man task force in the House to disparage halfway measures, timid initiatives or voluntarism.

the most of its tax reductions for indi­viduals by putting money into consum­ers' pockets almost immediately in the form of rebates of 10% on 1974 person­al income tax payments-in effect, a retroactive tax cut. The hope is that con­sumers would treat this as a windfall and go on a shopping spree for cars, col­or-TV sets and other durable goods. It would also, as the President pointed out in an interview with TIME (see page 20), provide money for those unemployed this year who last year had jobs and paid taxes.

The Administration was also con­sidering a lower corporate income tax rate as well as a boost in the investment tax credit from 7% to as much as 12% -an increase that is favored even by the leaders of organized labor, who are becoming concerned over the growing capital squeeze. Also under study is a modest rise in the $750 personal exemp-

10

minimum tax, with no loopholes to es­cape paying it, on corporations and wealthy individuals and a variety of ex­cess profits taxes. They urge an expand­ed public works program and public ser­vice jobs; they want a system of allocating credits and subsidies to such needy and productive areas as housing, small business and food production. The Democratic program will doubtless be heartily endorsed when the national union chiefs meet at a summit in Wash­ington on Jan. 23 to hammer out their own economic program.

The Energy Plan The new White House energy pro­

gram seemed to be a more exact ex­pression of the presidential viewpoint and leadership than Ford's economic proposals. Stung by charges of being too weak in facing up to a longstanding cri­sis, the White House, if anything, over-

ask Congress to im sea $3- er- bl. ex-ax es 1c cru e oil and a tall

of 40¢ per 1,000 cu. ft. on natural gas. these actions are expected to reduce consumption by as much as 1.5 milliori bbl. per day and encourage development o(jlomestic sources. To take the. wind­fall out of oil company profits and re­turn money to consumers who are pay­ing higher prices, Ford was set to ask· for an excess profits tax on decontrolled oil and natural gas and possibly the re­moval of the oil depletion allowance. Also planned: a request for standby au­thority to ration gasoline.

Hints of this prospective· energy package caused dismay in Congress. Under intense pressure from constitu-. en ts to do something about inflation, leg­islators are hardly in a mood to send the price of oil skyrocketing, with a con­sequent leap in the consumer price index. A Senate staffer involved in en-

TIME, JANUARY20, 1975

t

THE ADMINISTRATION/COVER STORY

The Economy: Trying to Turn It Around For Gerald Ford, the presidency has

been a learning process, and hejs a slow and methodical study. It was not a goal and destiny he pursued and prepared for. The office was thrust upon him, and he has attempted, haltingly at times, manfully always, to cope. On Wednes­day in his State of the Union message, Ford was to present in its entirety his most ambitious endeavor to date: a new, sweeping economic and energy program designed to combat the recession with­out igniting further inflation and to con­serve fuel in the bargain. Though there might be some last-minute changes in detail, it combines a $15 billion tax cut to stimulate the economy with a series of tariffs and measures intended to boost the cost of using crude oil, thus discour­aging imports and ultimately the use of petroleum.

Given the complexities and uncer­tainties of the U.S. condition, the pro­gram may go too far in some directions and not far enough in others. There are no proven remedies for the plight of the economy. Ford failed in his first efforts last fall, and has been forced to retreat from the positions and programs he es­poused then; he could be wrong again, and, in any case, it is not yet clear that all of his measures will pull in the same direction.

Nonetheless, the new program bears the mark of concentrated study and se­rious intent-as well as divided opinion among advisers. It is a welcome effort to face the economic and energy crisis

_,and try to turn it around. It may well be a sign that Jerry Ford is beginning to get the hang of leadership in a post that perpetually calls for it, seldom with such urgency as now.

Why Action Was Required In part, at least, events forced lead­

ership upon him. The depressing eco­nomic statistics continue to accumulate. According to the Department pf Cgm­merce, the nahon,s output of goods and servAces decline~ by an esi•ma!ed 18'& m t e last quar er of 197 , the biggest 11maat drnp shrce Wbfld War II. The battered auto industry disclosed that new car sales in December skidded 26% lie!O: a vear a.soi ;or ~/4 1 ogp mere oown a purushmg 2 %. nemployment

-mts reached 1.1% and threatens to ex­ceed 8% belore the recession bottoms

out-the hi,hest jobless rate since 19 €ii' This week, or one week, the Ford Mo­tor C will close 22 of its !ant 85,000 wor ers. n response to the wors­enmg econorrnc news, the Louis Harris Poll indicates that 86% of the public thinks the President is m1shindliiig the econ~if!t

o one could have sounded a bleak­er note than Alan Greenspan, chairman

TIME, JANUARY 20, 1975 9

of the Council of Economic Advisers, when he testified before the Joint Eco­nomic Committee last week. "The out­look for 1975 is neither pleasant nor re­assuring to those who hope for a sudden correction of our problems," he said. He did not foresee an upturn until the third quarter, if then; unless there is a major change in policies. "Although we had expected some weakening, what we are now experiencing has come· upon us much more suddenly than we generally realized."

The economic crisis galvanized the. congressional Democrats, already heady with their success in last fall's election, in which they picked up 43 new seats in the House. Apparently more tightly organized than they have been in dec­ades, they had prepared a program that was to be introduced this week, when the 94th Congress convenes. They are already acting much like a shadow gov­ernment. Top Democratic leaders met last week with business and labor rep­resentatives in the office of Robert Strauss,· chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Among those at­tending: Henry Ford II, Alcoa Director John D. H<!rper, Chrysler Chairman Lynn Townsend and U.A.W. President Leonard Woodcock. The group quickly· reached a consensus that the economy should be immediately and massively stimulated.

Later in the week, House Speaker

Carl Albert was invited to lunch at the White House with his old· friend and onetime fellow Congressman. He dis­cussed with the President the fact that the Democrats would propose their own solution to the nation's economic ills. With the Democrats threatening to seize the initiative on national policy, Ford advanced his own timetable to Jan. 15. He had originally planned his State of the Union message for Jan. 20.

The Economic Plan By embracing a tax cut in his new

program, Ford is doing something of an about-face; only last October he refused to label the economic downturn· a re­cession and.urged a 5% surcharge in ad­ditional taxes to fight . inflation .. Last month he denied that he would make a 180-degree turn in his policy. Last week White House Press Secretary Ron Nes­sen admitted, only half facetiously, that the turnabout could be 179 degrees. Still, Ford may not be going far enough-a case of too little too late.

Many economists now feel that it will take more than $15 billion m fast hsc . cal stunulus to brmg the nat10n out of re­cession. Last week the prest1g1ous, m&l­erately conservative Committee for Economic Develo ment wei ed · m

a rmgmg en or much x cu . a speech in New Yor

.o;ei'"''t;;:,y""', "flprl!lhifi=-:p<:-M; Klutznick, chairman of C.E.D.'s program committee, estimated

PRESIDENT FORD AT WORK LAST WEEK IN THE OV Al OFFICE

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Rowfond E,vans and Robert JY 017ak_ .,_

The Making of·· a ·~epublic~n ·Leader DETROTT-,Vell before Vice Presi-.

dent Ford was publicly rebuked by ·white· House .Press Secretary Ronald,· . Ziegler. last weekend for . being . the " · source of a magazine article discussing· .-'.;

/.

_"For.d'sC~EEPsp~ech rnarke<J, l~is coming of nge,

But an ari1pli fier was needed to hear the scattered applause when Ford praised Mr. Nixon and declared him "innocent of any of these charges that. have been made against him."

The new Ford formula-defend l\'Ir. a possible Ford cabinet, the o~tlines. of .. ..... . . . . - - .

as· th~ si1i'.gle 1nost' influential-Republican~~' a major speech denouncing arrogapce of power by a President's White · House staff were beginning to take shape in Ford's mind. . - ·

Ford is being 'pressed by . political intimates and party Ieaders 'to ·n1ake

. such an encore to his assault last month on the "arrogant, elite guard. of political adolescents" controlling. the Committee for the Re-eledion of· the President (CREEP).. The CREEP speech, Ford's coming of age as the single most influential Republican pol­itician,' attempted to put him on the right side of the Watergate issue without bringing him into direct. con-, flict with President Nixon. As such, it -· produced only private complaints from the White House staff:'

But Ford, ~ewly aware of his unique position at the pinnacle of Republican influence, would cut much closer to the bone by attacking the old Berlin wall of H. R. Haldeman and John Ehr!ichman. Not once since hi.s two trusted aides left last April 30 has

· the President permitted himself even a suggestion of criticism .. Rather, he· has integrated his own defense with theirs. ·

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Nixon himself, while biaming the party's crisis on his old praetorian gtwrci - avoids the major political blunder Ford made in his Atlantic City speech early this year. Ford at­tempted them to debunk Watergate.

· He has not repeated that mistake. ~ :":;.:., . . ·, . The future holds sorne risks. He will The \vh.ite House was outraged by The. White House !ms reprimanded Ford . ·be the party's spearpoint in this year's New Republic magazine · articl~ last for The New Republic article. midterm election, arid could be con­week that left no dot1bt Ford· \vas· the> . Republican leaders .have said nrith· .. • taminated to the extent his party loses source. Ziegler's criticism fully re· ·:_ ing. One Southern party leader who seats in a possible Democratic land~ fleeted the President's own position. ·'".consistently defends. Mi:. Nixon told slide. But a confident Ford, now wear-.

The Vice President is. well aware of· us that no matter how embarrassing ing elegant. suits with slant coat pi:JCk-all this in planning a new speech. As._ Ford's speculatfon might be to the ets and ·shirts with detachable soft Republican leader in the .Hous·e, he"::·. President, it "probably helps Ford.'' collars and French cuffs, s.eems total· was s~ste'matically excluded by the·' F~rd·: has so clearly become the de· ly unconcerned. Berlin wall. Hence, a warning by him\ , pository. of the party's future hopes · "T.hat would be a problem," he told against· any future President permit··_·:~. that- everi Nixonite stalwarts (outside us" .. · . if I were -a candidate for ting -his inner st a ff to monopolize;'. .· the ''white. House) hesitate to rebuke President, but· I'm not." power in the Hal.de man· Ehrlichman ·:·, }1im~ Ford's clo_sest political friends don't . manner is regarded by him as a public\ :; This was appa~ent when Ford stop· believe that disclaimer. Moreover, the duty. But it would also be a political\. ped ciff· ln the Detroit area last week - feud between his staff a11d Mr. Nixon's 10-strike.- : ,~· to campaign for.- two Republican con~- adds to the disbelief. Ford's lieutenants·

· · Thus Ford, has come far since that · · gi-essmen· running for :re~lection, in· correctly perceive him no as the presi-day in,' December when he took the ... eluding an· add re s·s to one of the .dent's right-hand man but as what I oath of office under President Nixon's:' largest dinner meetfogs ever held by he has become in just five months; the li gaze. No political figure has shot frora:) the suburban Oakland: County Young ·single most influential Republican .in I obscurity to acknowledged presidential Republicans., . _ .. ·- the counfry. · ' .':: · · · ·, · heir-appa1·ent so fast, and none with .· .The applause was deafening when a ·. . · ©.19~4. Field Enterprises, 1i:c-.

so few inherent political. problems letter from Sen.' Robert Griffin was ' ,-

Moreover even before Ford's coi1- ahead. · .read stating that "Je~ry Ford's service templated ;peech, the White House A· symbol of Ford's power position to the- nation has just begun." It was·

-Editol''s note:. In the Monda.y Evans­Novak column· ihe word "nearly" ·was inadvertently dropped ·from a sentence which should have said "not onl.y did/• nearly all Republicans vote for the snb-

1

' poe?rn-·•. of the White House tapes. by the

'mood changed. Whereas resentment in the !Republican Party is the way} ·thunderous when Rep. William 'Broom· had previously been directed strictly _· · he can speak out even . on such for-'.: .. field of Michigan talked· apout Ford's: against Ford's st a f (for insufficient bidden' subjects. as changes he. would "unique ability,· fo bfing people to;, loyalty to Mr. Nixon, it is now being .. make· in the Nixon cabinet if he be· gether, and that's what we, need in this'. aimed at the Vice President himself. · came President "tomorrow. Only the: CO!Jritry today." · . • ....

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I·.'~ .. · Ho!lse Judiciary committee. We regret the ertor. . · ; " . . I

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FORD SIGNING PROCLAMATION GOVERNORS FROM NORTHEASTERN ST ATES MEETING WITH PRESIDENT

' THE NATION

THE ADMINISTRATION

Ford: Facing a Not since he pardoned Richard Nix­

on had President Gerald Ford aroused such a furor. Last week he signed into law the first phase of his economy and energy program, provoking a veritable gusher of criticism from across the po­litical spectrum. It is an outpouring that will be hard for him to cap, and it could ultimately swamp his ambitious, multi­faceted program.

. The Democratic-controlled Con­gress threatened to hold up and reject

. 'ltts proposals. A bipartisan group of Governors from the Northeast pledged to go to court to thwart his plans. A sum- · mit meeting of organized labor de­'nounced his -Administration 10 terms that they used to reserve for Herbert .~· Even on the right, former Cal­ifornia Governor Ronald Beagan was sharply disapproving '· -

Further Drain. What Ford had done was to bite the bullet as he had been urged, though people had differ­ing views of the bullet he should bite. He signed a proclamation that raises the tariff on imported crude oil by $1 per bbl. starting Feb. I and moving up to a maximum $3 per-bbl. on April I. The tariff hike is only part of his total pro­gram, which c~lls for. a dramatic in­crease in the pnce of 011 to reduce con­sumption, along with a $16 billion tax cut to reimburse consumers. By launch­ing the first part of his energy program,

TIME, FEBRUARY 3, 1975

--X - 19-0Yir.>~

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Fresh_ Gusher of Criticism Ford hopes to goad ·eongress into en­acting the remainder. But many Con­gressmen and economists fear that the program will set off another round of in­flation. Exactly how much is-a matter of conjecture. · . While the Federal Energy Admin­istration estnnates that the ro ram will cos 'age affil y o four an extra $171 m energy bills a year, a Library of

_Congress report released last week puts the annual increase at a whopping $723. '.But for the President, the important point seemed to be to take immediate ac­tion. On signing the proclamation, he declared: "Each day that passes with­out strong and tough action results in a further drain on our national wealth. The tactics of delay and proposals, which would allow our dependency and vulnerability to increase, will not be tol­erated by the American people." -

Even before Ford moved on tariffs, Senators Henry Jackson and Edward Kennedy had sponsored a Senate res­olution to postpone the tariff increase for 60 days; in the meantime Congress, if it has the will, would be able to draft its own energy-saving program. In the House, Pennsylvania Democrat William Green offered a similar motion to defer the hike for 90 days,. which the House Ways and Means Committee promptly voted, linking the deferral.to an increase in the federal debt limit to $531 billion.

Ford needs that increase and thus might find it difficult to veto the bill. ·When Treasury Secretary William Simon tes­tified before the Ways and-Means Com­mittee, Green denounced the Adminis­tration for acting in the tradition of ·Watergate. "We are being treated in an ultimatum fashion," he complained. "We are beginning this exercise in an at­mosphere not of compromise but in one of confrontation." Said new Ways and Means Chairman Al Ullman, who had tried to persuade Ford to put off the proclamation: "We're extremely disap­pointed with the President. I wonder if the President might be playing games with Congress."

Death of Economy. Ten North­eastern Governors who met with the President just before he signed the tar­iff hike were equally angry (see THE

. PRESIDENCY). Since their region is more dependent on foreign oil than the rest of the country, it will be hardest hit by the new fees. "By this unilateral action," objected New York's Hugh Carey, "the President is going to coerce the Con­gress and the country." Said Connecticut Governor Ella Grasso: "The program · will mean the death of our economy." _ The Governors pledged to file a fawsuit · challenging the President's right to tak.e unilateral action under authority of the 1962 Trade Expansion Act.

Most indignant of all were some 350

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THE NATION

labor leaders oft he AFL-CIO, who met in a Washington summit lo hammer out their own economic plan. In a character­istically colorful diatribe, AFL-CIO Pres­ident George Meany called the Presi­dent's program "disastrous, the weirdest one I have ever seen." He drew the loudest applause when he attacked the oil-producing Arab nations along with Secretary of Stale Henry Kissinger. "Kissinger had a new quotation for the history books: 'Pay.' And pay we did, and we will continue lo pay until the U.S. deals with the blackmailers in the man­ner they deserve. No tribute. no foreign aid, no trade, no jet fighters to these peo­ple-nothing until the blackmail stops."

The AFL-CIO called for a total ban on . .Qi(i111ports from the Arab naiions.-as .~ell as quotas on other foreign oil. ln­steacfo(oeregiilating llreptice of domes­tic oil and gas, as Ford has proposed, the

_1,1njpn leaders a~or:.a program o_f oil all_ocat1on and gasoline ratiQnif!g. They called for a tax cut of $20 billion, in the form of reduced w1thholdu1g_taxesf0r nuddle- and lower-income families. In­terest rates, they ins1steo~hould··be· re­duced to 6 o or o _c_r~airallocated _ _ill!5-i.nUDd other "high_Q_rioll!YW-

_cial and economic activities." They \;\'antcd.a..m.ass1vc Teo era 1 ·jobs~program

_and_ extended_ unemployment benefits. The White House was prepared for

the onslaught of criticism, and Ford fought back all week in newly confident and authoritative style. In his press con­ference, Ford defended his program as the most comprehensive ever proposed in th,e energy field. "IL is so well inte­grated," he insisted, "that every piece is essential if we're to achieve the max­imum result, which is no vulnerability against foreign sources after 1985." Talking tough to the Conference Board, a group of businessmen meeting in Washington. Ford declared: "It seems to me that the Congress. individually or collectively, should not nitpick. If they do not agree, they ought to step up with a comprehensive alternative rather than to try lo move in a backward way."

Goose Egg. The President's strat­egy was to put the Democrats on the spot, and that is where they may be de­spite their heavy majorities on the Hill. Under divergent pressures from their own varied constituencies, they wiJI not have an easy time devising an alterna­tive to Ford's program. As Meany put

it, the President al least has a program. ''The Democrats' approach adds up to a great big goose egg." 1 f the Democrats reject ford's proposals. he will be able lo attack them as a "do-nothing Con­gress" in the celebrated style of Harry Truman. If they replace his program with some kind of rationing or manda­tory allocation, they will have to take the blame iftheir tactics misfire.

After a week of brandishing the stick. Ford finally offered a kind of car­rot. In a winning. low-keyed interview with NBC-TV, he acknowledged that his program may not be "100% right." For t_he first time, he suggested a fallback po­sition-. He-might have to _accept an oil al­location program. though he continued to view gasoline rationing or a high ga5.:­olii1e LJ!~:~·s __ aJiistresort (se~ EcoNoM v

·&-BUSINESS). For all the rhetorical smoke. the President and the Democrats are not that far apart on many other as­pects of the program: the need for an immediate tax cut. or the long-range energy independence proposals. What · is needed is some bridge building be­tween the White House and the Hill -just the job for a onetime Congress­man skilled in the art of compromise.

Three New Chairmen for the House ing loopholes such as untaxed capital gains at death, hobby-farm deductions, and tax-exempt interest on bonds.

8

BANKING AND CURRENCY "I'm the Kraut with clout," joked

Henry Schoellkopf Reuss last week after House Democrats voted him chairman of the Banking and Currency Commit­tee. For 20 years as Representative from his Milwaukee district, Reuss had suf­fered Congress's archaic seniority sys­tem, waiting impatiently in the wings for his turn.

An intense, scholarly man, Reuss has had a longtime interest in the abstru­sities of fiscal and monetary policy, a passion shared by his wife Margaret, an economics professor. Reuss describes himself as Lincolnian in economics. "The Government should do for people

·that, and only that, wliich they can't do for themselves, like standing up to con­glomerates and multinationals, and other examples of giantism," he said. "I believe in low interest rates. fair prices and jobs for all. If that be Populism, I'm a Populist."

His program for jobs would call for expanded manpower training and a siz­able increase in public-service employ­ment. He would make better use of ex­isting manpower resources by creating regional labor exchanges with comput­erized job data banks. He thinks that monetary policy must protect interest­sensitive parts of the economy from the harmful effects of tight money. To that end, he thinks that the Federal Reserve must be able to direct more credit to­ward small businesses and low- and moderate-income housing. To do this, he

Reuss (the name rhymes with Joyce) would encourage banks to make high­priority loans in return for the right to hold lower reserves.

~ was born 62 years ago into a Milwaukee banking family headed by his grandfa­ther, a German immigrant. He studied at Cornell University, graduated from Harvard Law School in 1936, and won the Bronze Star in World War II for ac-

Some Government agencies, he ar­gues, give perverse incentives to export scarce goods like wheat and cotton, and to export credit, which allows rich coun­tries to buy U.S. goods at less than mar­ket prices. La.st yea~ Reuss .§..1.Jggesteq~~ creation of a c9_!!gr_!!SSion~lP!:i~e-~JJpJy_ ombudsman to act as watchdog o~erris~ Tr1g-Iirl.9:i-Finally~ hewouid finance a 'fax reduction for low- to middle-income Americans by, among other things, clos-

BANKING CHAIRMAN HENRY REUSS

tion in the crossing of the Rhine. Back home. he ran unsuccessfully for mayor, helped organize an anti-Joseph McCar-thy drive called Operation Truth, and was defeated in a campaign for the Sen­ate in 1952. But two years later, Reuss stumped Wisconsin's fifth district, mak-

ARMED SERVICES CHAIRMAN MELVIN PRICE

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' I Ford' Maintains 11: Hurts 1 \~~\Popularity Gain:f ALBUQUERQUE. i .. . N.M. (AP) - About 150 r~'

By GEORGE GALLUP police supervisors and nici\' nonstriking patrolmen, , ex~"'

PRINCETON, N.J. - President Gerald Ford exhaus.ted from an 84- ma· . maintains his post-Mayag·uez gains in popularity hour work week, accept- mur

1

in the latest nation,}Vide survey. Fifty-two per cent ed only emergency calls offi .. :l; approve .of the way ·Ford is handling his job as Saturday as federal me- po's:\-

, President, compared to,.33 per cent who disap- diators renewed efforts ·agn} prove and 15 per cent who do not express an opin- to end a week-long freez\ ion. , · · · strike. " the k·~

natio<i· In the previous survey,' completed in early June, A police, dispatcher . d~'!~(l

51.per cent approved, 33 per cent disapproved, said officers answered c, 1ty s\) .. , while 16 per cent did not express an opinion. That only major emergencies survey r.eflected favorable reaction to the Maya- such as assaults, .btirgla- The gu~z incident and an upturn in public optimism ries and major acci- have c regarding-the economy. dents.She said there· had out sue;

· . , . . . been no increase in calls ration '· ., .Fordthus begins what he described ma recent since the strike.began in urday. \Cleveland. speech as '.'not a N~w Deal but a fresh /this city of 300 000 resi- hopeful :;;·start,','. with approval outwe1ghmg <;11sapproval dents ' strong'~·

\'. am9ng most major groups in the -pop~lation, in- · ply be.;· .':;,.cJudiqg traditionally Democratic groups such as The dispatcher said todcal r:,

· Catholics, manual workers, young adults and' la- . domestic quarrels had ,,~bor union members. , . . to work th~mselves out A free; •·''' and moforists involved \;Vage inc' ·;cc There\are, ho_wever, certain "soft ·spots" ·in several i1. in minor collisions were :,:,:For_d's popularity profile. Disapproval of his per- asked to file reports. at sidered a~

formance among blacks, for example, outweighs ttia t migi ·-~---approval·by'better than a 2-to-l margin. the police station, .which 1 was surrounded by fi_sca crec

more than 100 picketing city -so th•i. policemen and support- pa 1 Assi'' ers. <MAD) - .

In addition, analysis of the intensity of approval reveals that the 52 per cent approval score is far from ari enthusiastic endorsement. In fact, only about one person in five (19 per cent) indicates th_at he "strongly approves" of the way the Presi­dent is handling liis joo. As would be expected, en­thusiasm is most marked among Republicans, with 35 per cent strongly approving of Ford's per­fQrmance. By way of contrast, only 12 per cent of Democrats and 17 ·per cent of independents ex­

. press strong approval.

created l· In surr'ounding .Ber- -bail the c~

nalillo County, sheriff's billion. in fi{ detectives and supervi- 'ligations sory personnel also - can sell · were working 12 hours issue in Au: a ·day after some 60 ?f . Among tl'\

. 140 deputies called m ti'c econom' sick for the second day. the layoffs·

Following ·is the question asked to measure · d' · · 1 ' ·t .i

presidential popularity: · The apparent show of itwna · ci ~{ support for striking city 10 per cent;

"Do you approve. or disapprove of the way officers won approval . board sala--;-(name of incumbent)' is ha'ndliiig his 1"ob as Presi.c · t· Sh· ·ff J w·1· most emplc rom en oe 1 son.

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dent?'' - · · e 1mmat10n-i.·

Here is the full trend fo~ For9 slnce taking of-fice:

FORD POPULARITY (Handling of Job as President

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Approve.· · Disapprove No Opinion

. June 27-30 52% 33% 15% May 30-June 2 51 33 16

· May 2-5 ·40 43 17 \ April 18·21 -39 46 15 April 4-7 44 37 19 March. 28·31 37 43 20 March· 7-10 38 45 17 l'eb. 28-March 3 39 45 16 Jan. 31-Feb 3 .. 39 43 18 Jan. 10-13 ,.37 39 24

· Dec. 6-9, 1974 · ... '42 .41 17 ' Nov. 15-18 ·48. 32 20 Nov. 8·11 ; :47 . 33 2o Oct. 18·21 ' ' 55 28 .17 Oct. 11-14 '52·· ' . ·29 ' 19 Sept. 27-30 '50 28 22

. 'Sept .. 6-9 66 13 21 Au'g. 16-19 . 71 3 26

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To determine in.tensity of ·approval or disap-.;; proval, all_persons in the survey were.asked to.in-.: dicate how strongly" they approve or disapprove' of.

. Ford's handling- of his job as ,chie(.executive. The question and national results: - ·

"How strongly would say you approve (disap­prove) :_.very strongly or not so strongly?"

Strong approval .............................. ~ .............. 19 pct. Mild approval ... : ............................................ , ... 33 pct. Total approval ................................. ~ ..... : ........... 52 pct. Mild disapproval ....... , ....................................... 13 pct. Strong disapproval ....................... L .......... , ..... :?O pct. · Total disappr.oval .. : ........................................... 33 pct.-No Opinion ........... · .............. : ......................... : ..... i5 pct. 1

· The results reported· today ai;e based on- in-per­son intervie.}Vs with 1,558 persons, 18 and older, in more .than 300 scientifically selected localities across the nation during the period June 27-30.

FORD PQPULAR.ITY (Per cent who approve)

. Current ., ............. · ............ : .......... · .. · ....... -. ........... , ... 52 pct. Average in current year' . ., ......... : .. : ........................... 41 Average since taking office ..... ~ ............................. .4 7 High while in office (Aug., 1974) ................ ;., ........ 71 Low while in:office (Jan., April, 1975) ................. 37

' OTHER PRESIDENTS.

High Low Average Nixon 68% ,.24% 48% Johnson·- 80 35 5,4 Kennedy

' 83 57 70

Eisenhower 79 49 66 Truman 87 23 46 Roosevelt - 84 54 68

f f

I

~ ---.~---,-. --1

F act9ry·, authori2~t Save 92.00 on tr~

· Philco Cold Guart • ~ses up to 47% less ele~rJ

competitors thanks to n~ • Frozen foods stay safeV

. • Refrigerated foods st • It's only 32" wide yet . • lcemaker included

SKEPTICAL DEMOCRATS LISTENING SOMBERLY TO PRESIDENT FORD'S STATE OF THE UNION PROPOSALS T!lYJG'

~tA 14lcle-t. ?:. .z s--3 S-t. If-( ) ) )

THE RECESSION/COVER STORY

Ford's Risky Plan Against Slumpflation It was anything but the standard ~ Stage 3o Rocydillg of that $30 ~

State of the Union speech. Instead of .lion back into the spending stream congratulating himself on the achieve- chiefly by permanent cuts in corporate ments of his young and troubled Ad- and individual income taxes. ministration,. Gerald Ford adopted the If the policy works as Ford hopes, somber tone of a wartime leader calling sales would revive, unemployment for an all-out effort to repel the enemy. would moderate and the nation would Instead of skipping lightly over a broad be much better able to withstand an­spectrum of national and foreign pol- other cutoff of foreign oil, since Amer­icies, the President concentrated almost icans would be compelled by higher exclusively on specific means to coun- prices to reduce their prodigious waste ter the worst economic slump since the of energy. But if the program fails, the .Great Depression, the nation's almost consequences could be dire indeed. The 14% rate of inflation and the U.S.'s dan- $16 billion in rebates and tax credits gerous dependence on cartel-controlled - might be too weak to jolt the economy foreign oil. Displaying the blunt candor · out of its alarming slumpflation; in that that is his most politically attractive case, the nation could suffer a prolonged quality, the President proclaimed him- agony of unemployment rates higher self the bearer of "bad news," declared than any since before World War Il In flatly that "the State of the Union is not : ·addition, the higher prices for oil and good," and announced that he did not natural gas that Ford plans could re­expect "much if any applause."* Then store the raging inflation that is only he unfurled an economic and energy now beginning to relax its debilitating program of considerable scope, great grip on the U.S. complexity and.huge risk. Critical Crew. And Ford must sell

Essentially, Ford plans a three-stage · s ideas to a highly critical crew of con-operation on the severely sick economy: sulting physicians: the Democrats, who

Stage 1: A quick infusion of $16 bil- hold overwhelming control of Congress. lion of new buying power-$12 billion The Democrats slapped together their to consumers in rebates on 1974 taxes, own program for doctoring the econo­$4 billion to corporations in higher tax my, but it was an imprecise series of credits on purchases of new machinery. compromises that even party leaders

Stage 2: Imposition of $30 billion in concede will be tough to enact (see box ew energy taxes that will force every page 19). Still, in announcing the pro-

c1tizen to pay more to drive a car, he gram, House Speaker Carl Albert of a house or turn on a light switch. Oklahoma said: "We mean business. We

•He got exactly what he predicted: nine perfunc­tory rounds of hand clapping, mostly by Repub­licans, during his 41-minute speech.

~E,JANUARY27, 19753",

intend to act." The Democrats enthusiastically

agreed on the need for a big and fast

tax cut. Indeed, within a couple of months they may well enact a deeper slash than Ford has asked. But they fear that the President's energy proposals would push prices .so high as to destroy the purchasing power that the tax re­ductions would create. Democratic Sen­ator Adlai Stevenson III of Illinois es­timates the chances of Ford's energy program getting through Congress as "zero." -

When Ford was being escorted from the House by congressional leaders af­ter his speech, his sometime golfing part­ner, Democratic Floor Leader Thomas P. ('·'Tip") O'Neill, said: "Your conclu­sions were great, Mr. President, but we can't go down the same street together."

"Be charitable," said Ford, grinning. "See if you can give us a chance."

Responded O'Neill: "I don't see how these programs can work."

Later, Ford confidently-and prob­ably overoptirnistically-told an aide: "I think I can get 85% of this program." In­deed, he plans a series of speaking trips around the nation in late January or ear­ly February to explain-and sell-the program to the public.

Whatever the economic outcome, Ford clearly has seized the political ini­tiative as only a President can. His State of the Union speech and a televised fire­side chat _from the WhiW House two nights earlier, in which he previewed his programs, marked a welcome change . from the drift and indecision, the plat­itudes and homilies of his first five months in office. The President sound-

13

ed grim and forceful. Though he still used many cliches, the very flatness of some of his phrases ("Millions ... are out of work. Prices are too high and sales are too slow ... the economic distress is global") had a kind of eloquence appro­priate to a crisis.

Where the Democrats were vague, Ford was definite. The Democratic pro­gram, as outlined by Albert, advocated "substantial" tax cuts. Asked what that meant, Representative James Wright Jr. of Texas, chairman of the task force that drew up the program, replied: "Substan­tial is substantial." Ford gave exact fig­ures on whose taxes should be cut, how much and when. On energy, the Dem­ocrats called for adoption of "one or more" of a grab bag of seven proposals. Ford's plans, certainly controversial and perhaps even dangerous, are at least pre­cise down to the number of major nu­clear power plants (200) and new coal mines (250) that should be opened over the next ten years.

Opening Wedge. The President's program is comprehensive and, in its way, balanced. In addition to both one­shot and permanent tax cuts for indi­viduals and businesses, it also makes a long overdue start toward tax reform as well as reduction. The permanent cuts in income tax rates that Ford proposes for 1975 and later years give much great­er relief to lower- and middle-income workers than to the rich, thus reversing a long-run trend toward taxing them more and more heavily.

For conservatives, the plan contains a promise to hold increases in several federal spending programs to 5% a year. Among these programs: food stamps and payments to the nation's 30 million Social Security recipients (Social Secu­rity pensioners otherwise might get rais­es of as much as 9% this year). For po­litical liberals, there is a kind of negative income tax in the form of cash payments of $80 annually to every adult who is too poor to owe any federal taxes. Though the payments are hardly what liberals would consider overly generous, they will surely become an opening

14

wedge for broad welfare reform later. Congressional Democrats will, and

indeed should, quarrel with parts of this program. But they cannot object to its two essential goals: fighting recession by cutting taxes, and reducing oil imports in order to break the stranglehold that the cartel of the Organization of Petro­leum Exporting Countries is acquiring over Western economies. Those goals are exactly what the Democrats them­selves have called for in innumerable speeches. Now that Ford has proposed specific programs to accomplish those ends, the burden is on the Democrats to come up with something better. Ford made the challenge as pointed as pos­sible by calling on Congress to enact his tax cuts by April 1 and by announcing that he will impose new tariffs on im­ported oil on his own authority starting Feb. 1. Senate Democratic Leader Mike Mansfield conceded: "He' stepped for­ward, showed some initiative." A high White House aide added, startlingly: "We know he is not home free, but we think he has taken a long step away from Bozo the Clown."

In order to take the initiative, Ford had to take the "180-degree turn" from traditional Republican philosophy -and his own past positions-that he had told businessmen last month he was ruling out. In his October WIN (Whip In­flation Now) program, Ford ,had insist­ed that energy consumption should be curtailed only by voluntary measures -and called for a tax increase of 5% on upper-income individuals. In his fire­side chat last week, he noted that he had spent all of his political life fight­ing deficit financing-yet now he pro­jects record peacetime budget deficits of $34 billion in the fiscal year ending June 30, and $46 billion in fiscal 1976.

Enemy No. 3. The President's pro­gram has even produced the strange spectacle of liberal Democrats express­ing shock at the inflationary potential of energy proposals made by a conser­vative Midwestern Republican who en­tered the White House denouncing in­. flation as "public enemy No. l." On

TIME, JANUARY 27, 1975

Ford's list, inflation now seems to have been demoted to public enemy No. 3, be­hind the recession and depen,dence on OPEC oil.

Politically and economically, the cir­cumstances left Ford rio choice but to move. The startling plunge of the econ­omy since last fall has done even more than the pardon of Richard Nixon to de­stroy the trust that most Americans re­posed in Ford when he took office. The White House was stunned by a Harris Poll published two weeks ago showing that 86% of those questioned rated the job Ford has been doing on keeping the economy healthy as "only fair" or "poor." The State of the Union speech offered the President just about his last chance to turn those judgments around.

If the recession continues through 1975, and 1976 brings only a halting re-

covery, Ford's chances of being elected to a term of his own would just about vanish. Some Republican conservatives -who dislike his turn toward big def­icits but for the moment are keeping quiet-even grumble privately that ifthe President enters 1976 with the polls still against him he could not get his own par­ty's nomination. In that case, the Re­publican Party could split. Some of the conservatives are so determined to block the election of Vice President Nelson Rockefeller that they would follow Ron­ald Reagan into a third party.

Deepening Slide. Right now, the recession is deepening day by day. Last week the Commerce Department re­ported that real gross national product fell 2.2% during 1974, the sharpest an­nual drop in 28 years. During the fourth quarter, real GNP plummeted at an an-

Here Come Higher Energy Costs America faces still higher energy

costs, either through President Ford's program or his critics' call for a steep­er federal gasoline tax-or some com­promise between those positions. Con­gress will tinker and tamper with Ford's energy program in hopes of moderating its inflationary impact. But if, through some legislative miracle, the taxes, tar­iffs and decontrol measures are enact­ed as they are now proposed, the av- · erage price of crude oil in the U.S. will take a substantial leap from $9 per bbl. to $13. The Federal Energy Administration estimates that the av­erage price of heating oil would rise from the present 381t per gal. to a max­imum of 481t, and a gallon of gasoline could race up from its present price of 521t to as high as 631t.

Hardest hit by the Ford program would be customers of oil-burning elec­tric utilities. These companies are con­centrated on the East Coast and in Southern California and rely almost en­tirely on imported oil, the price of which

TIME, JANUARY 27, 1975

has gone up fivefold since October 1973. In 1974 electric bills rose 25% nation­ally,* and even more for customers of the oil-based plants. Some of those plants will be passing along more of the new increase to consumers than others; estimates of imminent raises range from 5%to20%.

Southern California Edison, which has a request for a 21 % rate increase in the works, would have to increase its rate yet an additional 6% if the Ford pro­gram . is adopted. The Florida Power Corp. estimates an average monthly in-

. crease of $5 for residential customers, many of whom are retirees living on rel­atively fixed incomes. And New York's Con Edison faces the unpleasant pros­pect of translating a $200 million extra oil-bill burden into a 7.5% rate increase for its customers-who are already pay­ing the company 42% more a month than a year ago.

"For a six-room house, the typical monthly elec­tric bill is $42.48 in New York City, $18.89 in Chi­cago, $17.70 in San Diego, and $14.63 in Atlanta.

nual rate of 9.1 %. Industrial production in December dropped 2.8%. Housing starts last month fell to an annual rate of868,000, an eight-year low. Auto sales in the first ten days of January plunged 32% below the levels of a year earlier; last week, joining Chrysler in a cash­rebate plan, Ford Motor Co. offered $200 to $500 refunds to buyers of small cars and some other vehicles from now through February.

Layoffs are swelling throughout the economy and could push the unemploy­ment rate some time this year beyond 8%, the steepest since 194 l. Last week, for example, W.T. Grant, the retail chain, detailed a retrenchment program

EXPECTED CENTS PER GALLON RISES 65 --,..-----, -.. -.. ---,

60

55

50

45

GASOLINE (Average U.S>price

including ·ia~es}

63(

#' l #·

ll If Ford's program

goes 48( through'

ll 1, -40

35

3U

25

-~-'

'tHENATION

under which it will close 126 stores and complete laying off or retiring 12,600 employees. It expects a loss of $175 mil­lion in the year ending Jan. 30, one of the biggest deficits in retailing history (see BUSINESS). Rushing desperately to apply for 225 public service jobs on one drizzly morning in Atlanta, 2,000 unemployed people broke the plate glass when they jammed through a door of the city's civ­ic center. Similar crowds of the unem­ployed gathered to try for public service jobs in Los Angeles and Chicago.

Most economists expect at least an­other three to six months of decline, whatever the President and Congress do. But federal policy can make a critical difference in the timing and strength of the eventual upturn. That is especially true now, because the recession reflects a sharp drop in consumer confidence, caused in no small part by confusion over Government policies that seem vacillating and indecisive.

Since 1971, federal economic man­agement has resembled a maze of tor­tuous twists and turns. Ford's new pro­gram is the ninth distinct policy in the last four years. In early 1971, Richard Nixon was still following his original "game plan" of gradually reducing in­flation by holding down federal spend­ing and the growth of the nation's money supply. Then came the Phase I wage­price freeze of August 1971, followed by Phase II of tight controls, followed by Phase III of loose controls. A new freeze in June 1973 was chased by Phase IV,

- which consisted of controls that were re­moved piece by piece until they expired last April 30. Then the Government converted to "the oldtime religion" of budget cutting and tight money, fol­lowed by Ford's WIN program, followed last week by a policy to which the Pres­ident has not yet given a name. The clos­est he came was to say in his fireside chat that the time had come to "turn America in a new direction."

Simon's Horror. To chart that new direction, Ford since November has pre­sided over scores of meetings of his ad­visers-Budget Boss Roy Ash, Chief Economist Alan Greenspan, Treasury. Secretary William Simon, Federal Re­serve Chairman Arthur Burns and Pres­idential Assistant L. William Seidman.

•• -· Ford would open each meeting with some remarks that steered the discussion to the subjects that he wanted aired, then

_ sit back puffing on his pipe, listening while advisers weighed the options. When he sensed that the talk was be­coming repetitious, he would lean for­ward and say: "Well, I think we ought to do this."

Very early, the need for a tax cut be­came obvious, particularly to Ash and Greenspan. One reason: the Democrats •• •• 16 ·-

made it plain that they would press for lower taxes, and they have the votes in Congress. The President's men had dif­ferences about the size of the slash. Bums and Simon voiced worry about the ensuing bulge in the budget deficits. At one meeting, Simon remarked: "IfI were a money manager, I'd be scared as hell." Ford asked: , "Are you recommending against a tax cut?" Simon paused, then reluctantly said: "Mr. President, given the state of the economy, I guess we need a tax cut." (Late last week, while echo­ing support for the Ford program, Simon said that the prospective deficits for the next two years "horrify me.")

At one point, some advisers argued that the rebates should be made on pay­ments of taxes for 1975, not 1974. But Ford turned them down. "Just a min-ute," he said. "The people who need it [the rebate] the most are unemployed

. ,· .

' oline, rather than oil prices gener-11'1 ally, never was seriously discussed ~ because the President had repeat­~ edly ruled it out. Said one Repub­~9 lican leader: "His whole ethos is j bound up in the motorcar syn-

drome of the state of Michigan." Still, there were some hot debates. To induce energy companies to

in 1975, and they wouldn't get any- la ;2 thing." He insisted that the tax refunds y J> be made by check, not credits on new ~

develop more domestic oil and al­ternative sources of energy, Assis­tant Secretary of State Thomas Enders argued strongly that the Government should fix a "floor" below which prices of oil could not

taxes. Said Ford: "If you don't send a · man· a check-money that he can see and hold in his hand:._you are going to lose some of the impact."

Ash and Greenspan stressed the need to hold down Government spend-ing and persuaded Ford to oppose any new spending programs for one year. In-deed, Ash wrote the State of the Union passage in which Ford said: "If we do not act to slow down the rate of increase in federal spending, the Uruted States Treasury will be legally obligated to spend more than $360 billion in fiscal · year 1976--even if no new programs are enacted."*

Floor Fight. Similarly, the energy proposals grew into a. consensus among a different group of advisers. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger early con­vinced Ford of the necessity of a tough conservation program. That was urgent­ly needed, he argued, to stop the hem­orrhage of dollars to oil-exporting coun­tries and demonstrate to the other oil­importing countries, which the U.S. is trying to weld into a coordinated bloc for bargaining with the OPEC cartel, that the U.S. really means to reduce imports.· But Kissinger played little part in put­ting together the details of the propos­als: That was done by a group headed

• t

drop; Simon protested vehemently • that price guarantees violate free-

tmarket principles. The matter went to Ford three times for a de­cision before he compromised by asking Congress for authority to set a price floor but not commit­ting himself to do so or specifying a figure.

When the time came to pre­sent his proposals, Ford took the unusual step of renting a mobile TV unit and rehearsing his fire-

• side chat at least three times, read-

. '. . AUG .... ~V.'71 •• ing updated versions to try out his deliv­ery of revised wordings. For the first time in his career he read the final speech off a TelePrompTer (one that Walter Cronkite had used previously).

The final program is exceedingly / complex, breaking down into these main parts:

·IMMEDIATE TAX CUTS: All taxpayers would get back 12% of the federal in­come taxes that they have paid on 1974

•• J0'7j-JUNE '73 PHAS&Qlt..jOSE. CONTROLS - •

•• by Frank Zarb, chief of the Federal En-.. ergy Administration. · .

Ford gave his advisers some clear di­rections-and limits. A proposal to put the main tax and price burden on gas­*The Joint Economic Committee of Congress, on the other hand, estimates that spending under cur­rent federal programs would total $346A billion in fiscal 1976-which suggests that Ford's $46 bil­lion deficit projection for that year may be an over­estimate. There are involved technical differences in the calculations, but a scary deficit estimate does not hurt Ford's efforts to persuade Congress to hold down spending .

. -~ f earrungs, up to a maxrmum o $1,000 -which is the size of the rebate that typ­ically would go to a family of four that earned $41,000 or more last year. If Con­gress enacts his plan by April 1, Ford said, the rebate would be paid in two in­stallments: half in May, half in Septem­ber (though some Treasury aides doubt that the Internal Revenue Sel"Vice has the manpower to get the checks out so fast). Taxpayers first will have to com­pute their liability under the current

·- .~·1a:APRIL '74 PHflW-ESS AND LESS i~L ·- .• .

~\

. - - The Government would put the $30 billion raised by the new energy taxes back into the economy in several ways. Some $22.5 billion would be distributed to mdividuals and corporations by .the permanent cuts in income taxes; anoth­er -$2 billion would go to the people too poor to pay taxes, through the $80-per-

••• •• •• O~T. '74-'GJ7j WIN PROGR •• ••• • • •• rules, filing returns and paying any ad- $44,000, * the tax would go down from ditional amount that might be owed $14,060 to $13,930, or less than l %. under present law by April 15. The IRS Ford also proposed an increase in then would calculate the rebate on each the "low-income allowance," calculated return and mail it oui automatically; no to remove from the tax rolls entirely all taxpayer would have to file separately people below the poverty line-now fig­for the rebate. Any taxpayer who is ured as $5,600 in gross income for an owed a refund under present law would urbari family of four. If Congress ap­get three checks: one for that refund, proves the new schedule by April, the then two for the rebate. The IRS expects Administration promised, withholding to mail rebate checks to some 83 mil- rates would be reduced beginning in lion families and single taxpayers. June. Corporate income taxes would"be

Big corporations, smaller enterpris- lowered too--from 48% of profits now es, farmers, lawyers, doctors and other to 42%. Savings to companies: about $6 self-employed people would save $4 bil- billion a year. lion this year by deducting from their tax bills 12% of the amount that they ENERGY: Prices of oil products and nat­spend to buy new machinery and equip- ural gas would rise sharply. A family of ment. At present the credit is 7% for four that has earnings in the $10,000 to most companies, and it would drop back $12,000 range now spends about $950 to that rate next year. Utilities, how- annually on gasoline, heating and util­ever, would get an extra break: their ity bills. By Frank Zarb's estimate, that credit would rise from 4% now to 12% cost would go up some $250. this year, then stay at that level through · The idea, bluntly put, is that the U.S. 1977, so long as they invested in power must reduce its imports of oil-which plants that use fuels other than oil or nat- are now 7.3 million bbl. per day-by l ural gas. Utilities need special help be- million bbl. per day this year, and by 2 cause they rely mostly on borrowed million bbl. in 1977. The way to do it is money to expand and modernize, and to make energy so expensive that con-& ~ • z sumers and businessmen cannot afford W~~ICE FREEZE ~ toburnasmuchoilastheydonow.

C - ~ The P~esident will start by us~g his - _. power to unpose a $1-per-bbl. tanff on

they had severe trouble ra1smg .:.. imported petroleum beginning Feb. l, cash in last year's supertight cred- .~ then raising it to $2 on March l and $3 it markets. Ford noted in his State · . on April 1. He also will ask Congress to of the Union speech that utilities t(j enact a $2-per-bbl. tax on U.S.-produced recently have canceled or post- "D crude, and an equivalent amount-37¢ poned 60% of the nuclear power ::J: per 1,000 cu. ft.-on natural gas piped plants that they had planned to ~ across state lines. If and ·when Congress build and 30% of the nonnuclear ~ agrees to that, the tariff on foreign crude facilities because they could not it would drop back to $2. Finally, Ford get financing. plans to remove all price controls on do­

mestically produced oil on April 1-a PERMANENT TAX CUTS: Taxes on -4 move that he can take on his own but

• a .....- 98 that is subject to congressional veto. ~ r- Net result: the average price of gas-

-• · C/I ~lieattng ott·and other !'Cttoteum products would nse by about 10 er

iridividual incomes earned in 1975 and ga. comparues wo reap huge a.2; beyond would be reduced by an aver- dmonal gross profits, but Ford ro oses age 9%. This year's reduction would o snatc t em away· y rm osin total about $16.5 ·billion. The mecha- "windfall- rofits tax, t at, combine nism: cuts in ·the tax rates on the first w1 regular taxes, wou p m 12 bil­$6,000 of taxable income (the first $8,QOO · lion this year. for single people). Every payer would ..----

. · •Taxable income is the amount left over after all get some reduction. On a taxable mcome deductions and exemptions are taken. Considering of $6,000, payments to the Government the deductions, a family of four that has a taxable by a married couple filing jointly would income of $6,000 typically has a gross income of decline from the present $1,000 to $790, about $10,600; a similar-size family that has a tax-

able income of $44,000 typically has gross eam­a cut of 21%. On a taxable income of ingsintheareaof$56,600. ·- ·- .• •• ·- ·-

~rson cash grant.s. State and local gov,­ernments would get $2 billion of extra ·r~venue-sharing money to help pah their ·higher luel costs. Homeowners w o m­. vest m msUlat1on, storm windows and

• doors, and other fuel-saving equipment could deduct 15% of the cost from their tax bills up to a maximum of $150; the total tax saving would be $500 million. That still leaves $3 billion, which the Government will "reserve" to pay its own higher fuel and electric costs.

• Ford proposed a wide range of oth­

er programs to reduce energy consump­tion or increase supplies. Among them:

• opening to commercial drilling the Navy's Petroleum Reserve No. 4 in Alaska; ament1tng. the Clean Alf Act and other leg1slahon to enable utilities toburn more coal; enactmg heat-saving Sfandards for all new buildings; budget­li'ig more federal money for energy re­S:earch arur-aevelopment He set a fist of specific goals to be achieved by 1985: e£Oduction of 1 million bbl. per day ~f syntheuc fuels ant1 shale ml; construc­tion of 150 "maJor" coal-fired power plants, 30 new rehrienes and 20 syntheT-1c-fuel plants, in addition to the new nu­clear plants and coal mines. Picking a rare hero for a Republican President, Ford compared his goals to Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1942 pledge._!o build 60,000 military aircraft a year; actual produc­tion in 1943, Ford recalled, hit 125,000 aircraft annually. "They did it then," he said. "We can do it now."

Will It Work? In totality, the eco­nomic-energy package is nothing if not comprehensive. But will it restore the economy to health? It might-but there is an uncomfortably strong chance that {he rogram, if enacted intact by Con­gress, would pr uce ar more m ation than economic recovery.

- The program could actually depress the econom a bit further for a few months. Ford's tan on unpo e 01 w push up fuel pnces from fleb. I on, but consumers would ft no tax-rebate mon-

_;x pntjl May iil..t,t e earliest and would not get the full benefits of Ford's tax package until SeptemBet. tnus Amer-icans' purchasmg power m late winter ' and early spring would be reduced by the amount of the oil-price rises, which could total $2 billion or more during • those months. Of course, consumers

•

•

might step up their spending anyway in anticipation of the tax rebates that they are almost certain to get. Still, Febru- ~ •• •• • .• - .

TIME Diagram /The Chartmakers Inc

OUTGOING BUDGET DIRECTOR ROY ASH

THE NATION

ary, March and April will be hard months. ·

When the rebate money does start flowing, it should perk up sales enough to create more jobs or at least prevent some layoffs. But how strong will the ef­fect be? The Administration's own pro­jections are not exactly enthusiastic. Un­employment will continue to risebllra 'a slower rate. One White House adviser ~ estunates that with the Ford program, the unemployment rate by year's end would be half a point below whatjt woul{foUierwise be. Economist Otto EclCstem, head of Data Resources, Inc., iiiaKes a similar forecast. He reckons that the unem lo ment rate next De­cem er would be a still shockin 8.1 o, rather than an even worse 8.5% (it wa§ 11%Tast month). ---,.he U.S. couid enter 1976 with un- · employment at the highest rate since Pearl Harbor-and by then most of the stunulus of the tax rebates would be gone. At best, the Government would be putting into the economy only as much money as it was taking out in en­ergy taxes. The Administration appears to be gambling that recovery will have picked up enough momentum by early 1976 to make further stimulation unnec­essary. That could occur, but only if con­sumer confidence recovers, and early reactions to Ford's plans are not reas­suring. Consumers seem to be more con-

" fused than anything else. A common view is that the President is givmg them new money with one namt and fakirig it away with tfie othe1. C' Veto Vow. Many economists feel that considerably more stimulus is need­ed: perhaps a net tax reduction of $20 billion or even $25 billion (see story page 22). Congressional Democrats agree: they are likely to enact a tax rebate quickly, but a larger one than the Pres­ident asked and in somewhat different fQ!:gi.. The Democrats aim to give more of the rebate to lower- and middle-in­come taxpayers, partly for reasons of eq­uity, partly because those people can b£ more reliably counted on to spend the money rather than puf It Ill fhe bantS Congress might, for example, make the rebate 16% mstead of 12%, but set the maximum lower than $1,000. • Congress might also ral~e federal spending more than Ford plans, thus pumping still more money into the econ­omy. Ford in his State of the Union speech vowed to veto ·any new federal spending programs that Congress might enact. But spending op ee"eral 69£tly P!Ograms, including military pensions and social Secunfyiavments;ns tie<! to

:!:fie movements of t e cons11_er price mdex. Those outlays will rise automat­iCally, well beyond the 5% itffiit that Ford proposes, unless Congress actively votes to nora them down, and there are few thiiigs that a lll'leral Democrabc Congress would be less likely to do. ---,,.he nsk remams that Ford S'" pro-posals would cause enough new price rises to wipe out all the benefits of his

KISSINGER & SIMON LISTENING TO FORD

proposed tax cuts, leaving consumers • with no more buying power man befare, or even less. To be sure, the pace of price increases finally seems to be slackening a bit. Wholesale prices fell .5% in De­cember, the first drop in 14 months. The recession is likely to cause even more price reductions.

Double Digits. Economists nearly unanimously assume that the inflation rate will continue to simmer down grad­ually this year-or they did until Ford announced his program. Now they are not so sure.· Eckstein predicts that the energy package would make 1975 a sec­ond straight year of double-digit infla­tion, meaning that prices would rise 10% or more. Many of the businessmen and bankers' who normalla constitute the ,&Ckbone-0La:..Rep11h ·can President's sup rt are also se · . "The

1ggest fear to me is inflation, not reces­' s1on," says William H. Spoor, chairman 'Oi'Pillsbury Co. Richard H. Vaughan,

president of Northwest Banc.o.rp.oration iilMirmeapolis, adds: "We ought to be concerneoaOOufihe reinstitutionof'iil­'Hation in '75 or '76."

Thougli businessmen are primarily nervous about the prospective budget deficits, the real danger is the cost-boost­ing impact of the energy program. In fact, the quibbles over the size and dis­tribution of tax cuts are popgun shots in comparison with the cannonade of criticism that Ford's energy proposals have provoked. The tax on oil will be particularly inflationary in the chilly Northeast, which burns a considerable amount of oil, much of it imported. Mas­sachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis calls the tax "disastrous." Adds James Howell, the chief economist of the First National Bank of Boston: "We in New England are being screwed by the Pres-ident's program." ·

On the face of it, the program seems illogical. The OPEC cartel has disrupted Western economies and fanned inflation round the world by quintupling the price of oil since October 1973. So in what sense is the U.S. fighting back by rais­ing its own prices higher still?

There are answers. Price is not the only problem; the huge flow of money from industrialized countries to the oil exporters is another. Ford's program, if it really does hold down imports, would at least divert to the U.S. Government, and back into the pockets of taxpayers, some money that Americans otherwise would pour into the treasuries of Ven­ezuela, Iran, Nigeria, Canada and the Arab nations. Moreover, the U.S. must hold down imports to free itself of the threat of political blackmail from for­eign suppliers who could shut off the tap at any time. ·

Also, in theory at least, higher prices now could lead to lower prices later. If their hold on Western economies was broken, the OPEC nations 'might cut prices in order to maintain sales. Un­fortunately, they also could do just the opposite: they could take Ford's pro-

TIME, JANUARY 27, 1975

• gram as vindication of their past price increases -and raise prices higher yet. S6me Arab governments are willing to Cilrproaucuon m oraer co matrttatn prices, Kuwait last week teportedly:Oe­Cideo to reduce output by 500.000 bbl

:per day or 20%.

that estimate appears to assume that the increases will total only $30 billion. In fact, they could go much higher. ·

_price index; which will be kicked up by the fuel mcreases. .

How great this "ripple effect" might be is anybody's guess; sluggish demand will certainly restrain some price in­creases. But some of the guesses are frightening. Senator Stevenson figures that the energy program could eventu­ally raise living costs for the average family by $1,000 a year, or four times the $250 in direct fuel increases that the AdministratiOn estimates. A. Gary Shil­ling, chief economist at the Wall Street firm of White, Weld, fears that price in­creases forced by energy costs could to

The increases on gasoline, heating oil and natural gas would be only the start. Innumerable products made part­ly from oil would also go yp· plastics,

chemicals, fertilizers. Higher fuel bills ~ could torte op ah thre f'aies anC1 freigk.

rates. Ifie greater bills for heating and 1ighrrng tictones and buying electrici

In any case, Ford's program would. raise prices quite enough to cause se­vere pain-and danger for the economy -no matter what OPEC does. The White House itself estimates that the price boosts caused by its energy taxes would raise the overall consumer price index by two percentage points this year. And

- ac ery cou. nve up t e cost . of alffiost every product. ::JEven wage costs could be raised; many umon con­tracts tie wages partly lo the. consU'mer

Heading for a Policy Clash The separate economy and energy programs proposed last

week by President Ford and the Democratic majority in Con~ gress reflect important philosophical divisions that presage a knockdown fight over the future direction of national policy. A comparison of the main points in each program:

INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX CUTS Ford: A one-time 12% rebate on all individual taxes owed for 1974, up to $1,000 per return.

Democrats: Quick relief to low- and middle-income tax­payers through higher personal exemptions than at present, as well as increased standard deductions and reduced payroll levies. House Speaker Carl Albert put the size of the cut at be­tween $I 0 billion and $20 billion.

CORPORA TE TAX CUTS Ford: Increase of the investment tax credit to 12%, up from 7% for most industries and from 4% for utilities.

Begirming this year, a decrease in corporate tax rates from 48%to42%.

Democrats: No mention. - TAX "LOOPHOLES"

Ford: No specifics. Democrats: A proposal to make up revenues lost through

tax reductions by closing "loopholes that nowenable large cor­porations and wealthy individuals to pay little or no taxes at all."

AID TO THE POOR Ford: Direct federal payment of $80 a year to each adult earning too little to pay income taxes.

Democrats: "Realistic help" for the needy, the aged, the blind, the disabled, and legislation to block any ef­fort by the Administration to raise the price of food stamps.

ENERGY CONSERVATION Ford: Higher taxes and tariffs on imported and do­mestic crude oil, natural gas and imported petroleum products, In addition, all domestic oil and gas would be freed of price controls, and Congress would be asked to approve an excess-profits tax on windfall earnings of oil and gas companies. Clean-air laws would also be weakened to permit more coal to be burned, especially by electric utilities. · ·

Democrats: Either outright gasoline rationing or a gas­oline tax increase of up to I 0¢ per gal. or mandatory allo­cation of oil and other sources of energy-or some ~ombi­nation of those options. Also, fatter excise taxes on big cars.

REVENUE SHARING Ford: An increase of $2 billion for state and local govern­ments to help pay for higher energy costs.

retired military personnel and Americans on Social Security. Democrats: An unspecified further increase in public ser­

vice jobs, public works projects and Social Security payments. WAGE-PRICE CONTROLS

Ford: No mention. Democrats: A recommendation to empower the Admin­

istration to delay or roll back certain price increases, but no mention of limiting wages.

POLLUTION CONTROLS Ford: A five-year deferral, to 1982, of standards limiting auto pollution; in a trade-off, automakers have pledged_ to improve · average gas mileage by 40% by 1980.

Democrats: No mention. INTEREST RA TES

Ford: No mention. Democrats: A recommendation that the Federal Reserve

Board expand the money supply by 6% or more in order to make more credit available and quickly bring down borrow­ing costs. (The rate grew by 4% in the past quarter.) The pro­posal also calls for the Fed to prod banks to allocate credit to housing, farming and electric-power producers, and away from "speculative and inflationary uses."

HOUSING Ford: No specifics.

Democrats: A fuzzy proposal to help savings and loan as­sociations get more mortgage money. The plan would also pro-. vide interest rate subsidies for low- and moderately-priced

houses and temporary Government assistance for out-of-work homeowners who are un­~ ID mako homo-loan paymon1'.

..../1,

Democrats: No mention. . , FEDERAL SPENDING <-!\- · ..

Ford: A one-year moratorium on all new spending except ~ in the energy field. Also a 5% limit for 1975 on federal pay · ~ -<:.:._~ raises and cost of living increases for _Government workers, rlFJ,:.f ~ '\ .. ·

. -..:;.\· ' -... ' ..

PRESIDENT FORD AND SPEAKER ALBERT

-~

THE NATION

not $30 billion but $60 bimon That m'!}' of Ford's advisers would have liked more be overblown but if the increases go as than the program that they finally pro­lllgli as $46 billion, they would take duced. A gasoline tax would concentrate away all the money that con&umers price increases m the area where the would get from Ford's tax rebates and most energy is wasted, rather than reductions; if they went any higher, puc- !Prea-Omg~]ation throu@:ouc the ea;~· c:.;:h:.:a:;.sm~g~!i"o"-w:.:..e~r:;--""'wi;o;";ul:;;;d=-'...,a'i"c;.;tc:;:u=all~-:7bc:.e_..::;o~m~oy ra1smg the cost of eyery form of s as e hen the U.S. niight get the energy. most painful of all economic combina- -Unfortunately, the Democrats do tions: roaring inflation and a deepening not yet have any coherent energy strat­recession besides. It is not even certain egy except opposition to Ford's ideas. that Ford's program would cut oil im- Congress is ~ely to vote down Ford's ports as much as he desires; consumers taxes on domestic oil and his plan to de­might choose to pay the high prices rath- control prices. Several Democrats, in­er than curtail their dnvmg and turn eluding Tip O'Neill and Senators Henry 'down thermostats. Jackson of Washington and Edward

An alternative way to cut imports Kennedy of Massachusetts, also are without raising prices so much might be Opening a drive to suspend the Presi­to put a fiat quota on foreign oil, ac- dent's authority to raise oil tariffs. comparued by some form of allocation - Mishmash Threat. The Demo­or modified ra share out the re- crats' alternative, though, is nora all · uc supplies. Jn order to nururmze clear. Their formal program mentions racketeering, any rationing ought to be both rationing and a gasoline tax as op­coupled with what has been called the lions to be considered, but the Demo­"white market" -a kind of legal black crats seem to be thtnk!ng only of a I 0¢­market in which people who had more per-gal. tax, and that would be too small

·m1on coupons than they needed cooid to force much conservation. Jackson sell them w· Government approval, plans to introduce a bill that includes to others who needed an were w g both rationing and quotas-but only in 'to pay for extra coupons. On the other the form of stand-by authority for the ·hand, if Congress buys the argument of President to use. if other measures fail. Ule White House and many outside ex- That does not go much beyond Ford's perts that rauonmg woutl1 be tnequita- own program; the President has asked 6Ie, 1t ought to consider enactmg a 20¢= ~9-by rationing autlionty, even per-gal tax on gasolihe !!Ogm~nte<t ~ though he has explicitly rejected the idea tmport reStf!Ct!OnS-an !deathat some Ot~Jl.OW.

.. The Democrats stress mandato[Y

conservation-a go6oideil't5ut d'ne·'\hat riught not work fast enough. Jackson's

Dill, for example, Will probably fist such actions as Sunday closings of gas sta­tions, federal regulation of hours of com­mercial busmesses, forced reduct10ns m commercial liihtmg and regulat10n of temperatures in commercial and p~ buildmgs. But tbe bill would only give the Federal Energy Administration p0wer to order those standards· it Would not compel the agency to do so. There tsat least some danger that the final product will be a mishmash of Ford's tariff and a number of halfway conser­vation rules that would raise prices with­out cutting imports much.

Happily, though, there is also a good chance that the final result will be an economic-energy package better than the one that Ford himself has proposed. It -could include bigger tax cuts than he has asked and an energy policy of gas- . oline taxes and tough conservation stan­dards. The one! outcome that seems im­possible is continued drift. By proposing a sweeping and specific program-al­though-one with grave flaws-and em­phasizing the need for fast action, Ford has thrown down to Congress a chal­lenge that it cannot ignore. A year or so from now, Ford might even be able to say-if he cared to borrow the phrase­_ology of another Democratic President -:-that he got the country moving again.

A Progressive New System with a· Rebate to Boot

20

The table below spells out some of the pocketbook benefits of President Ford's proposed income tax cuts. The figures assume that the taxpayer itemizes his de­ductions and subtracts 17% of his gross income-which is the national average for itemizers-before calculating his taxes. A further assumption is that married couples file joint returns.

In many respects, the new tax structure would be more

, 1974 TAX

equitable than the present system. People in all income . groups would pay less in the future than in the recent past; but those with lower incomes would get larger re­ductions than more affluent people. In addition to col­lecting one-shot rebates, a childless couple earning $8,000 would pay 23% less in taxes this year and in future years than in 1974; but a couple earning $40,000 would enjoy a net reduction ofonly 1.5%.

NET INCOME BEFORE REBA TE REBATE 1974 TAX 1975 TAX

SINGLE $ 8,000 $ 1,086.90 $ 130.43 $ 956.47 $ 918.00 TAXPAYER 12,000 1,8.92.50 227.10 1,665.40 1,702.50

17,000 3,024.40 362.93 2,661.47 2,834.40 30,000 6,850.00 822.00 6,028.00 6,660.00 40,000 10,515.00 1,000.00 9,515.00 10,325.00

MARRIED 8000 836.60 100.39 736.21 64.3.80 TAXPAYERS, 12:000 1,481.20 177.74 1,303.46 1,271.20

NO 17,000 2,412.50 289.50 2, 123.00 2,202.50 DEPENDENTS 30,000 5,468.00 656.16 4,811.84 5,332.00

40,000 8,543.00 1,000.00 7,543.00 8,413.00

MARRIED 8,000 558.80 67.06 491.44 396.00 TAXPAYERS, 12,000 1, 182.40 141;89 1,040.51 953.20

TWO · 17,000 2,064.20 247.70 1,816.50 1,854.20 DEPENDENTS 30,000 4,988.00 598.56 4,389.44 4,837.00

40~000 7,958.00 954.96 7,003.04 7,828.00

TIME, JANUARY27, 1975

~he Fords with daughter Susan upstairs in the White House.

't THE NATION

ergy policy claims that Ford is submit- .. ting "an unworkable program that can't be enacted." The Administration, he feels, is "out of touch with reality on the Hill."

or tan . as wee w England caucus released a letter chal­lenging Ford's right to act under the 1962 trade act without public hearings.· "No matter what the Congress does," says a New England lobbyist on Cap­itol Hill, "the tariff makes it Ford's pro­gram. He'll be blamed for the conse­quences. It'll be like Lyndon Johnson's war."

111 selective cases rm pose controls. The other longer-range provisions·

that may be included in Ford's energy package are less controversial and. not likely to run into too much opposition in Congress. Some of the proposals:

~ A national thermal. efficiency standard will be set for all new residen-

. tialand commercial structures. If build­ers or home buyers seek any kind of fed­eral financing, they will have to install standard insulation, weather stripping, storm windows and doors and caulking. Potential savings in oil consumption by 1977: about 120,000 bbl. a day. By 1985: 2.3 million bbl. a day.

~ Conservation · in existing struc­tures will be.encouraged by·a probable 15% tax credit on home investments in insulatioffup to $1,000, meaning a max­imum homeowner receipt of $150. Sav-

. ings by 1977: 77,000 bbl. a day. By 1985:

. 200,000 bbl. . ~ Mileage standards for new auto­

mobiles will be gradually increased until they reach the required minimum of an average 20 m.p.g. on the range of autos that a manufacturer offers the public in 1980. The Administration will not ask

· for mandatory legislation, since automo­. tive executives agreed to meet the goal

at a recent meeting in Washington. If they fail to comply, however, the White House is expected to ask Congress to enact a law requiring the minimum mileage. In return for their cooperation, the Administration will ask Congress to grant the auto co111panies an extension OI the deadline, from I 977 to 1981, tor Further nficahon of exnaust em1ss1ons -perha s an over enerous a

· A quiet dinner at home. 13 <._

.. THE NATION

nies argue that they cannot improve mileage without a relaxation of emis­sion standards. Savings by 1977: 114,000 bbl. a day. By 1985: 1.2 million bbl.

~ Efficiency standards for applianc­es will be encouraged ~Y the National Bureau of Standards. 1977 savings: 22,000 bbl. a day. ~985: 286,000 bbl.

~ Federal oil reserves will be tapped to increase the U.& strate ·c reserve. E

uc ion now that the gpposition oft e House Armed Services Comm1tiee has Been gyermme. As much as 366,ooo bbl. a day will eventually be pumped to create reserves against another oil emergency.

~ An easing of restrictions on util­ities' coal burning will be sought-an­other modification of the Clean Air Act. The White 'House wants to post­pone mstalla~1on of scrubbers- · -

ev1ces-on stacks. The Envi­Pi utechon Agenc a

n a ualit

.The False Start

licans showed any interest. Represen­tative Herman Schneebeli, ranking Re­publican on the House Ways and Means Committee, informed Treasury Secre­tary William Simon: "The fate of this surcharge rests on what the American people tell us while we are home" dur­ing the election recess. The answer was plainly no.

Ford's gimmicky WIN (Whip Infla­tion Now) voluntary program was a still­born loser. A lot of WIN buttons were flashed around the White House, inspir­ipg ribald imitations elsewhere, but in fact, from a President it was singularly inappropriate advice to stop spending just when sales were dropping in a stalled economy. Henry Ford II, for one, informed Ford of his error.

One of the reasons the President's first energy program was so lackluster is that a comprehensive study-Project Independence-had not been complet­ed prior to the message. In contrast to Richard Nixon, who liked to rush up in-. stant cures for maximum effect, Ford

Ford is given considerable credit by economists for sharp­ening his skills during the months he has been in office, even though circumstances have forced an abrupt shift in his pol­icies. He declared inflation pub­lic enemy No. l, as indeed it was at the time he became President. But willing to listen and anxious to build a consensus behind any policy, he turned to. others for advice. In retrospect, his cele­brated summit conferences probably inspired more fear among consumers than new pol­icies among experts. Though some economists warned that the recession was going to bite harder than Ford thought, none of them predicted the precipi­tous decline the economy would take before the year was out. In the fall, the President was tilt­ing too far in his fight against in-

,©,

"Behold! I bring unto you the true, the only word .. .!"

flation, but there was scant solid guid­ance to set him straight.

The economic summit produced a policy mouse. What Ford offered in his economic message in October was pret­ty much more of the same from the Nixon years: a federal budget with spending held at $300 billion and a tight­fisted monetary policy tP,at would keep the economy producing goods and ser­vices .far below its potential until some time late in 1976 and perhaps longer. It was a threadbare standard with which to rally a people to change the habits of a lifetime. The only sacrifice requested was as quickly rejected. Ford asked for a 5% surcharge . on corporate income . taxes and upper-level personal income taxes. Neither Democrats nor Repub-

14

prefers to analyze a problem systemat­ically, however deliberate his pace. As the recession deepened, he continued to listen and prepare for more expansionist policies, as some of his advisers urged. To his credit, he continued to take some­times uncongenial action against infla­tion. He pocket-vetoed the cargo pref­erence bill, which would have ·vastly increased the price of oil by requiring that 30% of imports be carried in U.S. vessels. He permitted-perhaps encour­aged-vigorous antitrust action by his Justice Department, notably against AT & T. By taking blunt exception to a General Motors price hike, he forced a modest rollback. U.S. Steel, too, re­considered a price increase when Ford grumbled.

"/said, 'Scalpel'!"

has had too little imagination'." Ford has also shown progress in

White House management and leader­ship, though he has still not made a total transition from Capitol Hill to the White House. In the beginning there was vir~ tual anarchy. Ford did not rule, and nei­ther did anybody else. White House staffers wandered into the Ov.al Office pretty much as they pleased and so did innumerable ·outsiders paying courtesy calls. The President was determined not to repeat the mistake of his predecessor and isolate himself from the outside world. He gave a warm welcome to prac­tically anybody and ushered in a short­lived era of good feelings.

But his appealing permissiveness took a fearful toll of orderly decision­making. Out of a sense of continuity or perhaps a. misplaced compassion, Ford was very tardy in ejecting the Nixon holdovers, some of whom had nothing. to add to the White House except mis­chief. His closest aide, Robert Hart­mann, openly quarreled with Nixon's lingering Chief of Staff Alexander Haig. The dust did not settle until Haig was shipped off to Europe as commander of NATO forces.

TIME, JANUARY 20, 1975

"Welcome to the club."

The chaotic staff conditions may have seriously damaged the President when he· made his first major decision. For all his o enness, he failed to con­su t s intunates m on ess mu

epa e pu c, before he issued his pardon to NIX.on. With that one stroke 01 the pen, he lost most of the good will his amiable Administration had pur­chased him, although history may ul­timately judge his pardon more kindly. In any event, Ford's honeymoon was short-lived. When a prominent Repub­lican returned to his native state of In­diana, he discovered a surprising amount of unhappiness with Ford among his "n~tural and visceral sup­porters." Noted the Republican: "When the small businessmen of Indiana ques­tion his ability, he's got a real problem." Complained a friend of Ford's: "The whole world is watching, but he is not yet acting like the Chief Executive of the most powerful country in the world."

TIME, JANUARY 20, 1975

The New Team More recently, Ford has been try­

ing to straighten out the jumble ·at the White House. Pieces have begun to fall into their proper places; aides have. stopped shifting uncertainly from office to office. "He's coming along," says a former presidential adviser. ''There's been a significant improvement in his

"Now for another look at the map."

perception of the job. I assume the ex­perience of sitting at that desk and see­ing the things you have to deal with daily accounts for the change in presidential chemistry."

Before taking office, Gerald Ford de­scribed the kind of staff he would like if he were to become President: "I want. them to have a good public image be­cause what they do reflects on me,. good or bad. I want them to conduct them­selves as I try to conduct myself~in a friendly, personable way. I want them to be loyal to me. I want them to be frank with me. I want them to be a work­ing unit, not individuals. I want them to reflect my personality, and I think my personality is open and candid."

Ford seems to have nearly complet­ed the carpentry of just such a staff The majority of the men Ford has chosen are, by common consent, much like the President himself. Most are not endowed with formidable intellectual gifts, and nearly all are unaccustomed to dealing with problems of national scope. Yet they bring some of Ford's own candor, ease and plainspoken ·personal drive to their work. The one man close to Ford who may possess an innovative sense of the art of government is White House Chief of Staff Donald Rumsfeld. With the unique exception of holdover Kis­singer, Ford's staff seems to make up in

earnestness what it may lack in sophis­ticated political awareness.

Few of its members can call upon long years of Government experience to guide them, but they all seem to possess · unquestioning trust in Ford's leadership and a bracing, personal loyalty to him. In some cases, this is born of longstand­ing close friendship. Philip Buchen, 58, Ford's courtly, scholarly legal counsel,

and L. William Seidman, 53, the millionaire accountant who con­sults with Ford on economic af­fairs, both come from Ford's hometown, Grand Rapids.

The chieffeature of the Ford White House is the face-to-face access to the President each ·of Ford's top aides enjoys. In an ef­fort to avoid the palace-guard re­moteness that characterized the Nixon White House, Ford has authorized· nine senior aides to walk in on him virtually when­ever he is free. Ford has also in­sisted on having frequent deal- . ings with each man's deputy, so a steady· stream of official faces continues to flow in and out of. the Oval Office, all of them growing increasingly familiar. to the President.

Among the newest faces is Housing and Urban Develop­ment Secretary James T. Lynn, . 47, the witty, personable former Ohio attorney Ford has named Director of the Office of Man-agement and Budget, a post Lynn will take over from the de­parting Roy Ash next. month.

John 0. Marsh Jr., 48, a genial, hard­working former· Democratic Congress­man from Virginia, is now the Presi-. dent's chief congressional liaison, as well as public liaison with non-Government organizations .. With his staff in place, Ford now guards his time more care- · fully. Aides have finally persuaded h,im not to read every letter from somebody on the Hill and then dictate a personal reply. Now staffers respond to routine communications with form letters, though the President still insists on sign­ing .. them personally. He also has cut back on the number of his callers, and those who drop by are ushered out fast­er. He sets aside more time for study and reflection.

How Decisions Are Made· The decision-making process has

speeded up. To compensate for Presi­dent Ford's deliberate, not to say pon­derous pace, Rumsfeld has begun de­manding earlier deadlines ·for position papers from presidential advisers. "Ford is making more decisions himself,~' says an aide. When he does, he cuts down on dissension and internal crossfire. He is no less concerned·with administration· than with policy. Last week; for exam­ple, he decreed that Vice President Nel­son Rockefeller's top staffers should join the President's chief.advisers in the reg-

15

-· THE NATION

ular round of White House meetings-a merging of two usually warring camps. Says Kenneth Cole, the director of the Domestic Council, who is due to leave the White House in March: "Ford asks good questions, which show that he knows what is going on in those areas. I have watched him stand up against ex­tremely difficult decisions, and I'll tell you that he does it as well as any of them -if not better." ·

Sometimes decisions are a little too decisive. Once Ford makes up his mind, it clamps shut and cannot be pried open by the most eloquent appeal of his ad­visers. He once publicly reprimanded Secretary of the Interior Rogers Mor­ton for advocating a higher gasoline tax after it had been rejected by the Oval Of­fice. "One thing that irritates him is when somebody comes back again to try to make him change his decision," says Cole. But then he is equally stubborn on matters of principle where lesser men might cave in. He vetoed the inflation­ary veterans education bill even though he knew that Congress would override

it. "He was advised that it was political suicide," recalls Cole. "But he said: 'I'm going to make my decision on what I think is right for the country, not on the basis of what Congress will do.' So he stuck to his principles over politics. I think that is leadership."

Facing.the World Ford has made some strides in for­

eignaffairs, an area in which he had lit­tle expertise in Congress. But then he has had an exceptional teacher in Kis­singer. "The President finds foreign pol­icy exciting," says a longtime associate, "partly because of the way Henry pre­sents it to him." Ford tends to accept his lessons without much argument. Kis­singer confers with him in the Oval Of­fice between 9-and 9:30 every morning, and the Secretary of State does most of the talking. The.President does not have the worldly confidence or foreign acu­men of Richard Nixon, and he knows it. His staff is equally in awe of Kis­singer, who was the constant butt of gibes from_ Nixon's palace guard.

Now the Constituency Is the Nation Alternately sipping black coffee and

puffing on his pipe, White House Chief of Staff Donald· Rumsfeld talked with TIME Washington Correspondent Dean Fischer about his perceptions of Gerald Ford as President:

He likes to keep things moving. [White House Press Secretary] Ron Nessen may have a question about a piece of legislation, and the President will say, "Well, let's get so-and-so in here and find out about it." I can sit down with him and run down 40 items in 30 minutes. The President doesn't like things hanging around a long time.

He's not self-conscious. He's com­fortable with people and very much at ease even if he hasn't. met an individual before. We can bring in an expert, and the President is not inhibited from ex-. ploring an issue he's interested in. Nor does his demeanor prevent anyone from frankly discussing a problem. He's not as reserved as many people in high of­fice. He's relaxed and outgoing.

When we were meeting with the en­ergy advisers the other day [in Vail, Colo.], the caretaker of the house where the President is staying walked in to get

· a pair of ski boots. The President paused and introduced him around the room. That put everybody at ease.

Twenty-four to 48 hours prior to those meetings, lengthy papers came in summarizing the work done in the in­terim-as I recall, a 58-page paper on energy, a somewhat shorter paper on the economy. I gave them to the President and he read them. I remember the Pres­ident once said that he is a better lis-

16

CHIEF OF STAFF DONALD RUMSFELD

tener than he is a reader. I have not found that to be the case. He'll take a thick stack of papers and read them af­ter dinner. It is clear that he reads them because I'll get handwritten notes or questions he scrawled in the margins throughout his evening of work.

He's a do-it-now kind of person. The other day, on the spur of the moment,

But if Ford lacks an overview and a firm, conceptual grasp of foreign poli­cy, he has proved to be adept at person­to-person negotiations. Foreign leaders who have met him have instinctively liked him. The President, in fact, gets along with Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin better than Kissinger some­times would recommend. Yet Ford per­sonally and successfully negotiated wit Soviet Party Chief Leonid Brezhnev b cable for the release of Simas Kudirk the Lithuanian seaman who jumped ship in 1970 and was then turned over to the Russians by the obliging U.S. Coast Guard.

Ford has not yet fully mastered the precision of the language of diplomacy. Occasionally, Kissinger has to cover for a Ford misstep. At a press conference last November, the President seemed to suggest that Israel would negotiate with the Palestine Liberation Organization -a thing the Israelis have sworn never to do. Then Ron Nessen compounded the error by declaring that the Presi­dent stood by his statement. Kissinger.

he picked up the telephone and called a Senator who opposed a veto of a par­ticular bill. And conversely, when.some­body is violently opposed to a bill he signs, the President may call him up to explain his reasoning: You don't get to be minority leader of the U.S. House of Representatives without being one hell of an able guy. The President is not smooth in the modern sense of the word, but the House is a pretty tough league.

I've seen him get. a little angry on two or three occasions. In each case his irritation was well merited. If his sched­ule gets fouled up and people are kept waiting, he expresses his dissatisfaction. He also has a not unreasonable degree of impatience.

The 'President's gregarious nature does not interfere with the flow of White House business. On the contrary, I'd say his many friends are helpful to him. He has so many people calling him or writ­ing him notes that it gives him what he wants, namely, multiple sources of information.

Fischer recalled that Rumsfeld worked for Jerry Ford the minority lead­er when Rumsfeld was an Illinois Con­gressman, and is now working for Jerry Ford the President. Has there been any basic change in his approach?

Of course, the major difference is that the minority leader's constituency is the 140 or 180 Republican members of the House and, in a somewhat larger sense, the Republicans of the nation. The constituency of the President is the nation. If you looked at the President's calendar, you would find that the spec­trum of people is considerably broader. I suppose that is the most dramatic difference.

TIME, JANUARY20, 1975

finally managed to make the remark ap­pear to be ambiguous, as if the Pres­ident had some remote Machiavellian purpose in saying it. That is diplomat­ically acceptable.

The Aroused Democrats Ford faces a stern test when the 94th

Congress convenes. The Capitol halls are filled with a new sense of urgency as Democrats, enjoying an overwhelm­ing majority, prepare to set their own goals and priorities. "They are a nation­al, operational group," says Russell He­menway, director of the National Com­mittee for an Effective Congress. "The power of oversight will be used more broadly than ever before." Among the host of programs to bring tax relief, spur the economy and cushion unemploy­ment that congressional Democrats have considered, they have discarded practically nothing, with the exception of a revival of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. They discovered that the Depression-born agency's func­tion of lending money to foundering

~ businesses had been assumed by other federal agencies. The Democrats' pro­gram issues a clear challenge to the Pres­ident: "The nation at this juncture could ill afford a passive Congress that did no more than await and then react in lei­surely, piecemeal fashion to Executive recommendations."

This is no idle threat, since the Dem­ocrats command the troops to enforce their program. The 75 freshmen Dem­ocrats in Congress.have assumed an im­portance on the Hill that newcomers never dared seek before. Since Albert and the leadership have made caucus king once again, the freshmen are aware of the weight their numbers carry. As long as they agree among

1 themselves,

what they say goes. They have even sum­moned the once imperious committee chairmen to appear before them one by one to state their position on the party program. If the chairmen try to behave with their traditional independence and

~ ignore party instructions, they risk be­ing removed. Such a strengthening of

· the opposition . party means a rougher scrap for Ford on the Hill.

-- ~- No less thorny will be the Demo­crats' stand on foreign policy; both chambers virtually bristle with hostility toward the diplomatic-military estab­lishment, an attitude that Kissinger is at pains to combat. One of the first items on the Administration's agenda may be increased military aid for embattled South Viet Nam, a request that will be

~. met in Congress with hot resistance or

icy indifference. But Ford's persuasive powers with the legislative branch may prove useful. By buttonholing senior Senators last month, he was able to per-suade them to extend the cutoff date for military aid to Turkey.

The ultimate test, of course, will be world stability. Detente is in some jeop­ardy because the Soviets may refuse to permit sufficient Jewish emigration, thus

TIME, JANUARY 20, 1975

losing their recently granted most-fa­vored-nation status. Crises could flare up in Viet Nam, Cambodia, the Middle East-testing the mettle of the President as many of his predecessors have been challenged.

The Inescapable Risks For now, the challenge is at home,

in the economic and energy problems that can no longer be ignored. They are complex and interconnected, and in moving to confront them, Ford and his advisers run dangerous and inescapable risks. The key to the present economic malaise is consumer uncertainty. Con­sumers are not buying, for fear of the fu­ture, and in particular, they are not buy­ing cars. A very large portion of the U.S. economic decline is concentrated in the auto industry. Ford is gambling that giv­ing Americans $15 billion back from their last year's taxes will produce a buy­ing binge that will halt the recession. But some economists fear that too many worried consumers will simply sock their windfall away in savings accounts. That would make more money avail­able for mortgages and help the hous­ing mdustry but still not get vital auto sales up to normal and necessary levels.

THE NATION '°" any assurance is the net effect on eco­nomic activity of the ·huge changes in oil prices and taxes being proposed by Ford to help solve the energy problem. The increase in energy taxes could amount to $28 billion and over an 18-month period could raise the consumer price index by as much as five percent­age points over what it otherwise would have been. If the general inflation rate does not abate, that could prove an ex­ceedingly high-and probably political-ly intolerable-price to pay to achieve a negotiable measure of independence from imported oil.

And on the recession side of the led­ger, no matter how promptly the Gov­err1ment moves to return to consumers and industry the tax and tariff moneys collected on oil, there is bound to be a lag between tax and return that in the short run will slow economic activity in the U.S. Some parts of Ford's package must work at cross-purposes, but if the effect of any one element goes seriously awry, the whole enterprise could come apart like some Chaplinesque machine of wheels within wheels that has slipped a gear. As Ford Adviser Buchen puts it:

Even more difficult to predict with

"The interrelatedness of our domestic problems is so great that there's very lit­tle room for miscalculations."

Coleman: A Choice Cabinet Choice In a move that will add luster as

well as diversity to his Cabinet, Pres­ident Ford this week will name William Thaddeus Coleman Jr., 54, Secretary of Transportation, A senior partner in a prestigious Philadelphia law firm and former president of the N.A.A.C.P. Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Cole­man has filled appointive posts under four Presidents. Married and the father of three children, he will be the second black to hold Cabinet rank; Robert Weaver, Secretary of Housing and Ur­ban Development from 1966 to 1968, was the first.

A magna cum Laude graduate from Harvard Law School in 1946, Coleman was selected by Justice Felix Frankfurt­er to be the first black law clerk in the history of the Supreme Court. He· and another young clerk, Elliot Richardson, used to spend one uninterrupted hour each morning reading poetry together.

Coleman helped draft the brief that led to the landmark 1954 Supreme Court

· decision outlawing school segregation. He defended Freedom Riders and sit­in demonstrators in the 1960s and rep­resented the N.A.A.C.P. in a case that found unconstitutional a Florida law prohibiting cohabitation between the races. At the request of former Penn­sylvania Governor William Scranton, he led the legal fight to desegregate Girard College in 1965. Coleman served on the Eisenhower National Commission on

the Causes and Prevention of Violence, President Kennedy's Lawyers' Commit­tee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Warren Commission and the federal Price Commission in 1971 and was a U.S. delegate to the 24th United Na­tions General Assembly.

A Republican, he urged Richard Nixon to resign rather than put the country through a lengthy and divisive impeachment process. But he also ar­gued that the President should be per­mitted to destroy tapes and documents before leaving office.

19

l

Geral President Ford looked trim and rest­

ed, his face surprisingly unlined, as he met with members of TIME's editorial staff in the Oval Office last week. He sat easily in an armchair, cupping an unlit pipe in his left hand, and answered ques­tions on energy and economic policy, for­eign affairs and the demands of presi­dential leadership. In several areas, he was clearly still in the process of formu­lating his State of the Union program. The questions were asked by Managing &litor Henry Grunwald, Chief of Cor­respondents Murray Garf, Washington Bureau Chief Hugh Sidey and White House Correspondents Bonnie Angelo and Dean Fischer. Excerpts from the exchange:

Q, What went wrong with your earlier economic program that makes you fee/­you need a new program?

A. We went through a long, I think, constructive process of economic sum­mit, culminating in a program which we felt at that time would meet the prima­ry threat of the problem of inflation. I thought it was well tuned to meet that head-on, with some consideration giv­en to the problem of economic stability.

But all of the economists that I have talked to, including the ones here and some from Western Europe, have indi­cated to me that they did not foresee the precipitous drop, particularly in the automotive field. Of course, that has been told to me very directly by the au­tomotive manufacturers. There was a rapidly developing and certainly unfore­seen massive loss of public confidence. When you combined all of those, the plan we had wasn't adequate and it wasn't properly balanced.

We have had to restudy conditions as we see them now and as we foresee them, and the new plan is aimed at the current circumstances rather than what the circumstances were in August and September. It is just an updating for the current conditions, conditions which were unforeseen and are far, far more serious.

Q, What is the shape ofyour energy proposals?

A. We have had the benefit of massive, year-long study. The energy program is the pulling together of the various rec­ommendations that generated out_ of that study. In addition, we find that the voluntary program has not been as suc­cessful as it should be. Although for the first nine or ten months of this year we were using energy-either energy as a whole or imports-at a rate of about 5.4% less than '73, in the last several months it has gone about 5% ahead of a year ago. A year ago we were import­ing about 6 million barrels per day. Now we are importing about 7 million barrels per day. This proves to me

20

that a voluntary program isn't sufficient.

Q, Is this failure of voluntary effort a disappointment?

A. It is a disappointment, but I think understandable. Everybody had ample gasoline, or even in some selected areas price wars, which certainly is not an in­dication of any lack of supply. What I am saying is. that the American people don't respond unless they see firsthand a crisis. Now, that may come. If we get some of these natural-gas shortages, which are inevitable up in New Jersey and New England, particularly if we have a hard winter, then again that cri­sis will be thrown at the American peo­ple and maybe a voluntary program will be regenerated.

Q, Can you foresee rationing under any circumstances?

A. Not unless we have an oil embargo. I don't see rationing unless something of that magnitude takes place.

Q, Can you foresee wage and price controls?

A. I certainly see no wage and price controls in the offing, period. We have found that the wage settlements have been fairly moderate, so I just don't fore-see controls as any proper remedy under any circumstances that we can see.

Q, Would you sacrifice some of the en­vironmental controls for the sake of en­ergy policy?

A. There has to be responsible recon­sideration of some of the extreme stan­dards that were set. Let me give you an illustration. · ..

On auto emissions, the Secretary of Transportation can extend for one year the present standards. But that means that those other standards [a 40% in­crease in efficiency of gas per mile] have to be met, I think, in three or four years. The automotive people tell us that they j can't achieve those standards [unless] they get some relief on emission standards. --~ ·

I think the [new] enuss1ons stan­dards that will be agreed upon are thor­oughly defendable, but they will be · somewhat less than the standards that were set in the law four or five years ago. So there will be a reconsideration based on better data and hopefully it will be a better balance between the en­vironment and energy.

Q, Regarding the problems of leader­ship with a heavily Democratic Congress, would you think in terms of some kind of coalition approach to solving problems?

A. Obviously the Congress and the White House have to work together. I obviously have to work with Republi­cans most of the time, but there is a float­ing coalition up there.

TIME, JANUARY 20, 1975

JANUARY 25, 1975

Ford's Economic Nostrums

Same Old Medicine Jockeying brazenly to be first in line before the public, President Ford and congressional Democrats presented plans last week that they claimed would meet and over­come the present economic crisis. Their competitive efforts proved to be a standoff. Both warmed many a heart by offering a cut in taxes. Both promised that their astute use of fiscal and monetary policy would end the deepening recession. In both cases the prom­ised outcome seems less likely than ice-skating on Biscayne Bay.

History teaches that skepticism. Since World War II the American economy has ridden a roller coaster • powered by such promises, with the swings growing steadily worse. The pattern of those cycles, culminat­ing in recessions in 1949, 1954; 1958, 1961, 1970 and 1974, has been always the same. When inflation in­tensifies, we have deployed the powerful arsenal of Keynesian techniques to raise taxes and/or raise inter­est rates and/or reduce government outlays. Their effect has been predictable. They retard the rise in prices but increase unemployment. Then, as the result­ing recession spreads, weagainresort to the Keynesian arsenal . only now in reverse: we lower taxes and/or lower interest rates and/or raise government outlays­the present Republican and Democratic proposals. In the past their effect has been always to relieve unem­ployment somewhat but raise prices.

In short ever since World War II we have fought in­flation with recession and recession with inflation, and are now fixing to do the same. But can we afford the same in 1975 with prices and wages still rising mightily (at a 10 to 12 percent annual rate) while unemployment at 7.1 percent is at the highest level in nearly 14 years?

The obvious p,eril is that if business activity is purhped up vigorously under present circumstances, the American inflation will shine forth in the world economy like Mt. Everest in a field of ant hills. No doubt President Ford and his advisers recognize that danger. Their answer is to work the fiscal pump just a little- enough to stop the present slide but not enough to tum the economy around. In that case we should look for continued high unemployment for the next year or two while inflation dips modestly below its current two-digit rate. As is customary, we shall be asking those at the back of the employment queue to occupy the front lines in our persistent, inconclusive war against inflation-only now their tour of duty will be longer.

The figures underlying that judgment relate to the size of the stimulus President Ford has recommended and the magnitude of the economic decline now in progress. In this context we can put his energy pro-

9 --­gram aside, since it provides no stimulus at all. It would collect $30 billion in new crude oil taxes but return the same amount in a variety of ways to the public. The President has placed sole reliance for moving the economy ahead on a temporary, one-year $16 billion tax reduction-partly through a 12 percent rebate on 1974 personal income taxes and partly through a boost in the investment tax credit for busi­ness. Allowing for the certainty that some of the rebate will be saved, these measures would add no more than $15 billion to the nation's aggregate demand for goods and services. -

In contrast the forces generating the current reces­sion appear mountainou~From ~~25 billion an­nually is drawn out of the economy tot e Middl t and elsew ere by the oi pnce ik~w order; by busin~~s_ fpLmachinery and tools recently li~ve sli'iiD.ped by $24 bil1_10n, and are drooping further daily. R.,esidential construction is down by $10 billion. Con­sumer outlays for durable goods are running at a13out $20 billion below their peak. State and local govem­meffis--are tigl1teni11g their budgets. At best the ad­ministration's tax cut may be expected to retard this precipitous decline by the summer or autumn of this

Carrying On

When C. P. Scott retired after 57 years as editor of Tire Mn11clrcstcr G11nrdin11, his successor, who happened also to be his son, retained the father's chair but never sat in it. When the younger Scott died, his successor sent the chair to the dump pile only to have an as­tounded staff insist that he get it back and restore it to its place of honor. From then on, it is said, he used it as a throne.

The departure of an editor can be an unsettling event, to his readers sometimes no less than to his writers. But when Gilbert Harrison passed on the stewardship of Tire New Repu/Jlic to me almost a year ago, we both knew that sometime soon he would give up his editorship as well. After nearly two decades he has now stepped aside. Through grim years and a few hopeful ones, the distinctive qualities of his mind­a compassionate reality, a tolerant disposition, and a literate sensibility-marked this magazine. Harrison left behind no chair to be fearful of sitting in. Those of us who worked with .him, however, see his standards of excellence as a challenge. It is, in any case, to those standards that 1 intend to stretch myself and Tire New Rcp11l1/ic.

This journal will remain an independent weekly, in the progressive spirit-open, controversial, scrupu­lous. This is a commitment that the editors make to each other and to our readers.

"" Martin Peretz

10

year, not stop it. Any hope for subsequent recovery would have to rest on other reasons, _such.as the pos­sible need for conswners and··httsin~ss to replenish their stocks of autos, machinery, trul':ks andi other durable goods. · "·

If the President's recommendations are followed, then, it seems nearly certain Jhat unemployment will zoom to eight percent in 'the months ahead2;a level not reached since 1941-and remain in that ~ad neigh­borhood for most of 'the year. Because of Wage con­tracts, the new crude oi_L tax; and--the monopolistic power of industry, the continued recession in prospect will be relieved only modestly by an improvement in inflation. When recovery does come, at long last, a revived inflation w-·ill arrive with it. Yet it is my im­pression - since 'these figures are available to them as well as to me.::_ that the long, painful road ahead is what President Ford and his advisers expect and want. As he proll)ised, "the going will be rough." Unfor­tunately, their own program suggests, Democrats see it the same way.

Melville J. Ulmer

Energy Strategy No one quarrels with President Ford's statement that we need "the strongest and most far reaching energy conservation program we have ever.had" if we are to curb our appetite for foreign oil. The President is probably the last man in government to read) this conclusion. Others in the State and Treasury Depart­ments have been talking about the need for cons~rva­tion since summer, and members of Congress have been drafting oil/allocation plans for more than a year. The news in- the President's two speeches last week _ was that he has joined the _club. He agreed that strong medicine is required. •/ ro osa are to be applied so indirectly that they probably won't have tl:le desired effects. · · .....

Mr. Ford refused to act directly to limit oil purchases ~ ~ .fro abroad, __ thougfi he said this might be necessary

someday if his current strategy fails. He decided in­·stead to fiddle with the market throughpnce and fax 'illcteases on wholesale petrolewn. "I here wilT13erl5 need for compulsory rationing Of 1c5ng waiting lines at the service station," he promised, nor will gasoline prices go up more than 20 cents a gallon. But he did ask for "standby" authority to ratior gasoline, and he announced that he wou)d ·ilnpose a "new three dollar tariff on every barrel. bf imported crude oil. Domes­tically produced oil and gas also will become more expensive if Congress grants the President's request

THE NEW REPUBLIC

and does away with price ceilings that i;iow keep certain fuels at less than peak prices. Tues~ changes, the President believes, will discourage not just un­necessary driving, but all forms of excessive energy use.

The risk in Mr. Ford's ro ram is twofold. First has eci e o unloose the demon inQation again, but this time he can't blame the Arabs. Until recently inflation was considered by Mr. Ford the most serious of the many economic troubles confronting the country. Underlying this concern was the fear that Western economies would be shaken badly by the increase in the price of foreign oil and the transfer of billions of dollars to Middle Eastern oil producers. Experts in the Treasury and the World Bank worried that if inflation continued to climb as it 'l'iad last summer and governments sank deeper into debt, the structure of international trade- would come apart. The economic crisis would cause a series of bank failures in Europe, they thought, accompanied by lesser business disasters in America. The fiscal experts believed that inflation had to be kept under control to avoid economic and social upheaval. Now that pre­occupation has been replaced by a new concern for growing unemployment and recession. · .,·,

The oil cartel still operates, however, still collects its tribute and grows more powerful. Mr, Ford hopes~ to comb · ittle inf! · n of · own making. He will raise the price of oil by another three dOttars"cr-barrel, like a desperate man in a poker game who hopes to win back all his losses in the fast hand.

e new oil tariff will be added _tQJh_e_QPEC monopoly pric -.!l arrel) iil"' the expectation.tnanrwlll reduce 6ales. Thislepres6i'ls a hemenffins chliilge in EWrl's energy ppli<y aAA it sh:ajRs his credibililY- fur ust months ago he ar ed that America cannot afford e 1 · pnce o OPEC oil. It is a pen ous experiment. The P · risk

ng_ to discoura lewn sales and to stimul te in~ a ~e time. ·he is attempting something quite novel. No government we know of has done this b~ in war), and some experts in the energy business, like Henry Linden of the Institute of' Gas Technology, say/ it can't be done. Others, like David Freeman, director of the Ford Foundation's Energy Policy Project, say it is feasible, but only in conjunc­tion with fuel rationing. In any case there's little support for President Ford's view that conswnption can be reduced significantly by imposing tariffs. The history of OPEC' s rise to power provides a _clue to that. Two years ago foreign crude cost less than four dollars a barrel; now it costs more than $10. Yet toc!ay we con­swne as much foreign oil as we did two years ago, and recent figures show that we gradually are using more. President Ford's three dollar tariff · o

rt

Eliot Marshall