INSECT AND MITE MANAGEMENT IN THE LANDSCAPE

INSECT AND MITEMANAGEMENT INTHE LANDSCAPE

EB0826

COOPERATIVE EXTENSIONCOOPERATIVE EXTENSION

Spraying your Ornamentals .......................1Choosing a Sprayer .................................1Precautions in Spraying ..........................1Wear the Proper Clothing .......................1Choosing a Pesticide ..............................1Examples of Sprayers (photos) .................2Precautions in Using Pesticides ..............3Safety Precautions ..................................3Using this Publication.............................3Pesticide Reentry Standards ....................4Abbreviations .........................................4Pests not on Product Label ......................4Holly Pollination ....................................5Bee Warning...........................................5Toxicity of Insecticides to Honey Bees ....5

Alder .........................................................6Andromeda ...............................................6Apricot ......................................................6Arborvitae .................................................7Ash ...........................................................8Azalea .......................................................9Bamboo ..................................................10Barberry ..................................................11Beech ......................................................11Birch .......................................................11Boxwood ................................................12Camellia .................................................13Cherry .....................................................15Cotoneaster .............................................16(Cottonwood ..........................................39)Crabapple ...............................................17Daphne ...................................................18Dogwood ................................................18Douglas-fir ..............................................19Elm .........................................................20Euonymus ...............................................22

CONTENTS

Fir ...........................................................22Golden Chain .........................................23Hawthorn ................................................23Hemlock .................................................25Holly .......................................................25Ivy...........................................................27Juniper ....................................................27Kinnikinnick ............................................29Lilac ........................................................29Linden.....................................................30Locust .....................................................30Madrone .................................................31Manzanita ...............................................31Maple .....................................................32Mountain Ash..........................................33Oak.........................................................33Oregon Grape .........................................34Peach ......................................................34Photinia ..................................................35Pine ........................................................35Plum .......................................................38Poplar .....................................................39Primrose ..................................................39Privet.......................................................39Pyracantha ..............................................40Rhododendron ........................................40Rose ........................................................41Sequoia ...................................................44Skimmia ..................................................44Spirea ......................................................44Spruce.....................................................45Sycamore ................................................47Viburnum ................................................47Willow ....................................................47Yew .........................................................48General Pests—Ornamentals ...................49

NOTE: The sale of Dursban (chlorpyrifos) will cease on December 31,2001. You may continue to use existing spray materials you have on hand.

SPRAYING YOUR ORNAMENTALS

Choosing a Sprayer

Many types and sizes of hand sprayers are avail-able to home owners or professional sprayers. Themost commonly used sprayers are the 2–5 gallonhand-held, pump-up sprayers (Fig. 1). This type ofsprayer is very effective for spraying smaller plants,and may be used on trees up to 8–10 years old ifyou are willing to climb a ladder and make sev-eral ladder moves while spraying your trees.

The trombone sprayer shown in Figure 2 is oftenused for small and mid-sized trees 1–12 years old.Old trees and large trees often cannot be adequatelysprayed using either the pump-up sprayer or thebackpack equipment. They could, however, be dealtwith by a reputable commercial applicator.

A third type of sprayer often seen in the back-yard is the hose sprayer (Fig. 3). This sprayer at-taches to the home garden hose. These sprayersconsist of a bottle or jug which holds the pesti-cides and includes a nozzle metering device. Thenozzle meters the water/pesticide mixture whilethe water pressure forces the mixture into thecanopy of the tree. The hose sprayer, if properlyadjusted, can give good spray coverage. However,misadjust-ment is common and often poor appli-cation and pest control failures are noted wherethis equipment is used.

A fourth type of sprayer is seen in large back-yard plantings or plantations. This is a small tanksprayer (Fig. 4). Usually these sprayers range insize from 10-100 gallon tanks, and are poweredby small air-cooled engines. Pump pressures of100–400 pounds per square inch can be obtainedwith these sprayers. Size of tank pump, engine,and running gear varies considerably in these spray-ers. For large trees or tree-shrub numbers runninginto several acres, the power sprayers are the onlyproper type of equipment to use.

There are many variations and types of sprayersor dispensers beyond these major categories thatcould be used for ornamental spray jobs. Theseinclude truck-mounted power sprayers, spreadersfor lawns, and other types designed for special jobs.Choose the one that best fits your needs.

Precautions in Spraying

When using any sprayer be sure to keep thechemical and water mixture stirred up or agitated

at all times! If the chemical settles in the tank or isnot mixed properly, several things may occur:

1. You will obtain no pest control.2. You may burn or injure the tree or shrub or its

foliage.3. You may injure some tree parts because you

have oversprayed and kill nothing in other areasbecause you have undersprayed.

Wear the Proper Clothing

1. Keep your skin covered while spraying. Long-sleeved shirts, long pants or coveralls, shoesand socks are all essential.

2. Wear unlined rubber gloves when spraying pes-ticides. If chemicals somehow get inside thegloves, discard them and buy new ones.

3. Wash your clothes carefully following eachspray application and keep separate from otherhousehold laundry if any chemical was spilledon clothing.

4. Wash your face and hands after spraying andbefore using the toilet, smoking, eating, ordrinking.

5. Bathe completely if you spill any chemical onyour body during spraying.

Choosing a Pesticide

Pesticides come in many-sized bottles, cans,bags, and other containers. Many products aremixtures of two or more pesticides and prices ofthe products vary with area where they are sold.

When you choose a pesticide be sure to do thefollowing:

1. Make sure the pesticide is needed. This maysound silly, but many pesticides are appliedfor the wrong insect or for an insect that isnot a pest. Often beneficial insects may bepresent and could be doing more good thanyou would with a pesticide. Take your prob-lem to an agriculture authority before youspray. Your county Cooperative Extension of-fice, Master Gardener booth, state horticul-tural office, or other agricultural person canusually help you decide on the need forchemical control.

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Figure 1.—Pump-up sprayers.

Figure 2.—Trombone sprayer. Wide end ofhose is placed in a bucket with the spraymixture. Spraying is controlled by movingthe handle in (left) and out (right).

Figure 3.—Hose sprayers.

Figure 4.—Small tanksprayer.

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2. Choose the most effective material availablefor control of the pest with the following con-siderations:a. How will the material affect you and the en-

vironment, including beneficial animals suchas bees, birds, and ladybugs?

b. Is the material more costly than equally ef-fective and safe materials that are also avail-able?

3. Choose chemicals recommended for home orsmall acreage use only unless you are licensedand the situation permits otherwise. Many ma-terials are available in large packages preparedfor commercial grower use. Commercial pesti-cides are often prepared for farmer use and maybe too toxic for use around the home and yard.

4. Be sure that you can use the pesticide in thespraying equipment that you own. Somechemical mixtures require special equipment.

Precautions in Using Pesticides

Backyard home and garden pesticides rangefrom slightly toxic or poisonous to moderately toxicor poisonous. Toxicity of pesticides and their haz-ard to humans are estimated from laboratory testswith experimental animals such as rats, rabbits, anddogs.

You can determine the relative hazard of a givenpesticide product by looking for certain key wordswhich must appear which appear on the label.These key words are as follows:1. The words DANGER, POISON and a skull and

crossbones symbol. These products are highlytoxic and are not packaged for home and gar-den use.

2. The word WARNING is on labels for productsconsidered moderately toxic.

3. The work CAUTION is on products consid-ered slightly toxic.

Safety Precautions

1. Store pesticides where they will not contami-nate food or feed, and where children and ani-mals cannot reach them. Keep them in theoriginal containers, tightly closed, and in a dryplace.

2. Avoid contact with pesticides. If any is spilledon skin or clothing, wash thoroughly andchange clothing IMMEDIATELY.

3. Avoid inhalation of dusts or mists.

4. Wash clothing before reuse.5. Wash hands and face before eating, smoking

or using the restroom and immediately aftercompleting the pesticide application. Do noteat, drink, or smoke while applying or mixingpesticides.

6. If illness occurs during or shortly after applica-tion, call a physician immediately. Have thelabel on hand for their information.

7. Protect fish and wildlife. Do not apply pesti-cides in any manner that will contaminatelakes, streams, ponds, irrigation ditches, orcanals. Do not clean spray equipment or dumpexcess material near such bodies of water ordown storm drains.

8. Protect bees and other beneficial insects.Honey bees and other wild bees are respon-sible for carrying pollen from flower to flowerin many plants. If this did not happen youwould not obtain adequate fruit set on certaintrees and vegetables. Other beneficial insectssuch as ladybugs, syrphid or hover flies, lace-wings and many others help you daily in de-stroying bad insects.a. Do not spray when bees or beneficial insects

are present in or on trees and shrubs in no-ticeable numbers.

b. Never spray during the blooming period un-less the pesticide is nontoxic to bees.

c. If sprays are necessary, apply them in lateevening or very early morning when bees arenot foraging.

d. Choose a pesticide that is least toxic to beesand beneficials.

e. See bee toxicity table on page 5.9. Dispose of pesticide containers so they do not

pose a threat to people or the environment.Rinse empty containers at least three times andpour the rinse water into the spray tank. Theycan then be taken to a sanitary landfill dumpor other site approved by the local health de-partment. Small containers, such as those inthe home or garden trade, can be handled bycity trash disposal services. Wrap them in pa-per and dispose of them in the garbage.

Using this Publication

This management guide is for both the home-owner and the professional pesticide applicator in-cluding licensed nursery personnel. Homeownersmay use only those materials NOT marked withasterisks (* or **).

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Pesticide Reentry Standards

Federal regulations have been set by the Envi-ronmental Protection Agency to protect workersentering fields treated with pesticides. These aresummarized as follows:1. Unprotected persons must not be allowed in

areas being treated. Workers, other than thoseinvolved in the application, must not be ex-posed to drift.

2. Unprotected workers must not be permitted intreated fields until the restricted entry interval(REI) has elapsed. Note that the REI may varydepending on certain conditions. For example,Metasystox-R REI is 48 hours in areas receiv-ing an average rainfall of 25 inches a year, butit increases to 72 hours in areas receiving lessthan 25 inches a year.

3. If the label has no reentry statement, then un-protected workers must not be permitted infields treated with pesticides until sprays havedried or dusts have settled. Follow all direc-tions given in reentry statements.

4. Workers may enter treated fields prior to theexpiration of reentry intervals provided protec-tive clothing is worn. Protective clothing con-sists of a hat or other suitable head covering, along-sleeved shirt, and long-legged trousers ora coverall type of garment (all of closely wo-ven fabric covering the body, arms, and legs),shoes, and socks.

5. Appropriate and timely warnings must be givento workers who are expected to work in treatedfields. Warnings must be given orally or byposting warning signs at the usual points of en-trance to the field, or on bulletin boards atpoints where workers usually assemble.

6. Where label directions are more restrictive thanthe standards, the label directions take prece-dence.

7. It is the responsibility of the owner or lessee ofthe treated field to see that workers comply withthe standards.

8. The standards do not apply to mosquito abate-ment treatments, greenhouse treatments, live-stock and other animal treatments, and treat-ment of golf courses and similar nonagricul-tural areas.

Abbreviations

B—Bait EC—Emulsifiable ConcentrateD—Dust WP—Wettable PowderG—Granular SP—Soluble Powder

Pests not on Product Label

Some suggested used of pesticides in this publica-tion are for pests not listed on product labels. Theseare indicated by the symbol ∆. Such uses complywith the federal law (FIFRA) which says a use isconsistent with label directions provided the cropor site is on the label and directions concerningrates and interval before harvest are followed.

Added Precautionary Notes

1. The pest control measures suggested in thispublication are not intended for trees andshrubs that bear edible fruits.

2. When Sevin is used, add a compatible miticide. 3. Cygon and Metasystox-R may be toxic to some

plants. Check the label before using. 4. Lime-sulfur will discolor painted structures. 5. Where more than one formulation of a toxi-

cant is available, and is used, adjust dosagesto agree with recommended rates.

6. Common names for some of the trademarkedchemicals are carbaryl—Sevin; endosulfan—Thiodan; dimethoate—Cygon; oxydemeton-methyl—Metasystox-R; dicofol—Kelthane.

7. Carefully obey the directions on the label ofthe pesticide formulation you have. Whetheryour formulation contains the same or differ-ent amounts of active ingredients from thoselisted, follow the label instruction on your pack-age. If the label suggests use on ornamentals,but does not specifically mention the name ofthe plant you wish to spray—if you decide togo ahead—use the pesticide as a trial first on afew plants and wait for at least a week to as-sess any plant spray injury.

8. Brand mixtures may contain several active in-gredients; if, for example, Kelthane alone can-not be obtained, it may be available as oneingredient of a brand-name mixture.

9. Do not use an insecticide unless you judge itabsolutely necessary; all insects seen on orna-mental plants are not injurious.

10. Poisoning of beneficial pollinators, honey bees,and wild bees, is likely to occur if ornamentalsare sprayed with insecticides while they are inbloom.

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Holly Pollination

Most commercial holly growers rent honey beecolonies to ensure a good set of red berries. Ma-terials recommended for control of holly pests areincluded in the table of toxicity of insecticides tohoney bees. Check this list before applying anysprays during bloom. Spray applications can be ef-fectively timed to miss the blooming period of hollyas follows: holly bud moth, before bloom; leafrollersand holly leafminer, either before or after bloom;brown soft scale, after bloom; holly lecanium andoystershell scales, horticultural oil sprays beforebloom and summer sprays after bloom.

Bee Warning

Many insecticides are highly toxic to honey bees,bumble bees, and other wild bees. Some shouldnot be applied any time during bloom, while manyothers should be applied only in the early morn-ing hours or late evening when bees are not forag-ing. Avoid spraying such materials as Sevin anddiazinon on shrubs, etc., that are surrounded byblooming flowers or weeds. Always remove (mow)blooming clover from lawns before applying ma-terials that are hazardous to bees. In all cases se-lect the least hazardous material (if given thechoice) when plants in the infested area are inbloom. Avoid using dusts wherever possible; sprayformulations are preferred for bee safety.

The following table will provide you with a ba-sis for judging a material’s hazard to bees and fortiming of sprays listed for ornamental insect pests.

Avermectin (Avid), acephate (Orthene), propoxur(Baygon), bendiocarb (Ficam, Turcam), chlorpyrifos(Dursban), carbaryl (Sevin), diazinon, dichlorvos(Vapona),dimethoate(Cygon),lindane, permethrin(Pounce), lambdacyhalothrin (Scimitar, Topcide),bifenthrin (Talstar), cyfluthrin (Tempo)

Endosulfan (Thiodan), methoxychlor, oxydemeton-methyl (Metasystox-R), trichlorfon (Dylox).

malathionimidacloprid (Merit, Marathon)

Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel, Thuricide, others),propargite (Comite), lime-sulfur, fluvalinate(Mavrik), oxythioquinox, (Morestan), horticulturaloil sprays, dienochlor (Pentac), fenbutatin oxide(Vendex) propoxur1 (Baygon bait).

Toxicity of Insecticides to Honey Bees

1Note: propoxur in any form other than bait is highly toxic to bees and should not be applied on or near bloomingplants. Isofenphos (Oftanol) fenoxycarb, hexythiazox (Hexygon), and bifenazate (Floramite) are currently withoutstatus so regard them carefully. Insecticidal soaps may pose a problem so regard them carefully also.

Do not apply on bloom.

Apply during late evening, night, or early morningwhen bees are not foraging.

Apply only during late evening when bees are notforaging.

Apply any time.

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Alder and Willow flea beetles (Alticaspp.). Metallic dark blue to greenishblue, about 1/4 inch long. Larvaeskeletonize leaves, adults chew holesin leaves.

Aphids. Soft-bodied insects on leaves.Suck plant juices and produce stickysecretions (honeydew).

Leafminers. Small light-colored larvaethat feed between epidermal layers.

Fallwebworm, tent caterpillar,leafroller, sawfly, scale.

Black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus).Adults are black, 2/5 inch long andappear in May and into July. Notch leafedges.

Peach tree borer (Sanninoideaexitiosa). Adults are clearwinged, steelblue moths. The larvae are cream-colored with brown heads and are from1–11/4 inches long. Larvae feed at baseof trunk on soft inner bark seriouslyinjuring or killing trees.

Peach twig borer (Arnasia lineatella).Adults are small, dark gray moths. Larvaeare light to dark reddish brown with ablack head and yellow-white ringlikesegments around the abdomen. Theyare about 3/8 inch long. Attack newtender shoots which soon wilt and die.

carbaryl (Sevin)∆acephate (Orthene)*bifenthrin (Talstar)

chlorpyrifos (Dursban)imidacloprid (Merit)

malathioncyfluthrin (Tempo)

acephate (Orthene)

acephate (Orthene)

*abamectin (Avid)

*permethrin

acephate (Orthene)

*bifenthrin (Talstar)∆*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

beneficial nematodes

carbaryl (Sevin)

∆chlorpyrifos (Dursban)

∆endosulfan (Thiodan)

carbaryl (Sevin)


*bifenthrin (Talstar)

Repeated applications may benecessary. Treat at first sign ofinjury. See bee warning page.Talstar is not for use on plantsbeing grown for commercial use.

Apply when aphids becomenumerous.

See label.

Apply when first noticed.

See label.

See General Pests—OrnamentalsSection. Use only those materialslisted that are registered for alder.

Apply as label directs when damage ap-pears on new growth. See bee warningpage.

For larval control.

Make one application between budbreak and bloom, again at petalfall, and then at 3–4 week intervalsfor 3–4 months as necessary. Seebee warning page.

Apply to trunk and lower scaffoldlimb application.

Do not apply to bloom.

Apply as label directs. The two besttimes to spray are the prebloom andpetal-fall stages. See bee warningpage.

Pest and Description Insecticide or Treatment Remarks

*For commercial use only; not for the general public.∆Pest not on product label. See Introduction.

ANDROMEDA (Pieris japonica)

ALDER (Alnus)

APRICOT (flowering) (Prunus)

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Spider mites. Small, yellowish, green-ish, or reddish brown 8-legged mites.

Cypress tip moth (Argyresthia cupres-sella). Tiny larvae which tunnel intoleaf scales and mine within the foliage.Cause browning of tips.

Juniper scale (Carulaspis juniperi).Scale covering circular, white, 1/16 inchin diameter. Plants become devitalized.

Juniper webworm (Dichomerismarginella). Mature larvae about 1/2inch long, reddish brown with lighterstripes along the body. Heavy webbingassociated with infestation.

Lecanium scale (Lecanium spp.). Size,shape and color varies; usually oval,shiny brown. May be very destructive,can kill branches and trees, andpromotes sooty mold.

*dicofol (Kelthane)

insecticidal soap

*bifenazate (Floramite)

*oxythioquinox (Joust)

∆diazinon

∆*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

∆acephate (Orthene)

chlorpyrifos (Dursban)

light-mediumsummer oil

malathion

insecticidal soap

diazinon

∆malathion

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


diazinonacephate (Orthene)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


Mites may be resistant to Kelthanein some areas. Do not make morethan two applications of Kelthaneper season.

Repeated application may benecessary.

Do not use Floramite in successiveapplications.

Do not use Joust on bearing fruittrees.

Apply thoroughly as a foliagespray. Not effective once larvaehave entered plant tissue.

Spray oil last of March or earlyApril. Use malathion or insecticidalsoap in June and again in July.Spray when crawlers becomeactive. Second application shouldbe made about 10 days later.

Cut out and burn webbed masseswhere possible. Spray caterpillarsin early spring or July. Fall spraysare often effective also.

Use diazinon, chlorpyrifos, ormalathion in July and August. Sprayoil last of March to early April.Spray when crawlers becomeactive. Second application shouldbe made about 10 days later.



APRICOT (flowering) (Prunus) cont.

ARBORVITAE (Thuja)

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Lecanium scale continued

Silver-spotted tiger moth (seeDouglas-fir).

Spruce spider mite (Oligonychusununguis). Similar to Tetranychusspider mites except smaller. Causesloss of leaf color and drying.

Aphids (several spp.). Soft-bodiedinsects on leaves. Suck plant juices andproduce sticky secretions (honeydew).

Ashborer. Clearwing moth caterpillarthat bores inside trunk of tree.

Scale Insects. See under ash aphids.

*imidacloprid(Merit, Marathon)

∆malathion

*fenoxycarb

light-medium summer oil

*dicofol (Kelthane)


*fenbutatin-oxide (Vendex)

*Hexygon

insecticidal soap*bifenazate (Floramite)

horticultural oil

acephate (Orthene)

imidacloprid(Merit, Marathon)

chlorpyrifos (Dursban)*azadirachtin (Azatin, etc.)*bifenthrin (Talstar)*cyfluthrin (Tempo)horticultural oil

lindane

Marathon is restricted to green-house and nursery use only.

Soft scales only.

Use only those materials listedunder Douglas-fir (tiger moth entry)that are registered for use onarborvitae.

Do not make more than twoapplications of Kelthane perseason.

Fenbutatin-oxide also comes in ahome pesticide mix.

Repeat applications of soap may benecessary.

Apply in delayed dormant periodas label directs.

Apply when aphids becomenumerous.


Apply horticultural oil duringdelayed dormant period.

Apply to trunk of tree thoroughlywetting the bark in June and July.Avoid spraying foliage.

RemarksInsecticide or TreatmentPest and Description


ASH (Fraxinus)

ARBORVITAE (Thuja) cont.

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Azalea bark scale (Eriococcusazaleae). White cottony sacs withsmall reddish insects. Reduce plantvigor and are unsightly.

Azalea leafminer (Gracillariaazallealla). Small, pale yellow to greencaterpillers 1/8–1/4 inch long. Mine,skeletonize, and roll leaves.

Lacebug. Tiny insect causes yellowingand stippling effect. Leaves look dirty.Azalea lacebug not known to existhere; however, it has been introducedat least once.

Oblique-banded leafroller(Choristoneura rosaceana). Green,smooth-bodied larvae, feeding onand webbing new growth in spring.

acephate (Orthene)


diazinon

*imidacloprid (Merit,Marathon)


insecticidal soap

∆malathion

diazinon

dimethoate (Cygon)


acephate (Orthene)

∆*bifenthrin (Talstar)

*bendiocarb

*bifenthrin (Talstar)chlorpyrifos (Dursban)acephate (Orthene)

diazinon

carbaryl (Sevin)


∆*bendiocarb

∆Bacillus thuringiensis [B.t.]

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)acephate (Orthene)


As label directs.

Spray in early July when crawlers be-come active. Second applicationshould be about 10 days later.


Spray when first noticed. Severalsprays may be needed duringmidsummer.


See bee warning page.

See also Rhododendron lacebug.

Repeat applications are necessaryto protect new growth.

Caterpillars must eat B.t. for it towork.



AZALEA (Rhododendron)

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Root weevils (all common spp.). Gray,black, or brown snout-nosed beetles.Adults feed on leaves, notching theedges heavily, while legless larvae livein soil.

Spider mites (Tetranychus spp.). Smallyellowish, greenish, or reddish brown8-legged mites.

Rusty tussock moth. Tufted reddish-brown caterpillar which feeds onfoliage.

Bamboo aphid (Myzocallis arun-dinariae). Small, light-green plant louse.

Bamboo spider mite (Schizotetranychus).Small mite that feeds under tight flatsheets of webbing. First impression is thatleaves are under attack by leafminers.

acephate (Orthene)

∆azadirachtin (Azatin, etc.)


*bendiocarb



*dicofol (Kelthane)

*hexythiazox (Hexygon)


insecticidal soap







malathion

*azadirachtin (Azatin, etc.)

acephate (Orthene)


insecticidal soap



insecticidal soap

bifenazate (Floramite)

Spray at monthly intervals begin-ning when weevil activity is firstnoticed, until first frost.

Repeat as necessary.

Use these as manufacturer directs.

For larval control only.

Do not make more than twoapplications of Kelthane per season.

Repeat application of insecticidalsoap may be necessary. Some variet-ies are sensitive to soap—see label.



Use products as labels direct.


Add spreader-sticker to ensureeffectiveness.


AZALEA (Rhododendron) cont.

BAMBOO (Bambusa and others)

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Lecanium scale (Lecanium spp.).Turtle-shaped scales on twigs fromwinter until early summer. Flat, oval,brown scales on leaves during summerand early fall.


European birch aphid (Euceraphisbetulae). Soft-bodied, greenish aphids.Sticky secretion on leaves and undertrees.

carbaryl (Sevin)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)



∆malathion 50% EC

acephate (Orthene)

acephate (Orthene)

malathion

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


horticultural oils


diazinon

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


dimethoate (Cygon)


acephate (Orthene)


malathion

Apply in mid-June, July or August,to control crawlers or nymphs.


Apply when aphids appear as aproblem.

Apply oils during delayed dormantperiod.

Several applications during seasonmay be necessary. See bee warningpage.


Several applications during seasonmay be necessary. See bee warningpage.


BARBERRY (Berberis)

BEECH (Fagus)

BIRCH (Betula)

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RemarksPest and Description Insecticide or Treatment

Bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius).Adult is an olive-brown beetle, with ablunt head and tapering body. It’sabout 1/2 inch long. Larvae areflatheaded borers. Ornamental cutleafvarieties of birch seem particularlysusceptible to attack by this borer.

Birch leafminer (Fenusa pusilla). Adultinsect a small black sawfly. Larvaemine leaves making pale blotches ofvarying size and shape. Several gen-erations each year.

Oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi).Resembles miniature oyster. Light todark brown. Forms solid crusts ontwigs and limbs.

Fall webworm, tent caterpillar.

Boxwood leafminer (Monarthropalpusbuxi). Adult small, orange-yellow fly.Larvae yellowish to green, and mineleaves. Adults emerge about the first ofMay.

∆dimethoate (Cygon)


∆lindane

diazinon

dimethoate (Cygon)

acephate (Orthene)



carbaryl (Sevin)

*abamectin (Avid)

∆malathion

carbaryl (Sevin)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)



malathion


diazinon

dimethoate (Cygon)

Keep trees in a vigorous,growing condition.

Spray when first leaves are fullyformed. Usually about the first ofMay. Apply a second spray frommid-June to mid-July.


Spray oil in early spring. Spraycarbaryl or malathion whencrawlers become active. Secondapplication should be made about10 days later.


See “General Pests-Ornamentals”section and use only those materi-als listed that are registered forbirch.

Dimethoate will destroy leafminersin leaves.


BIRCH (Betula) cont.

BOXWOOD (Buxus)

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Boxwood leafminer cont.

Boxwood mite (Eurytetranychus buxi).Small, greenish to brown mite. Causessmall whitish streaks on upper surfaceof leaves similar in appearance to pinscratches.

Boxwood psyllid (Psylla buxi). Feed onnew growth. Aphid-like creaturescovered with cottony-like wax.

Black citrus aphid (Toxoptera aurantii).Small black aphid on new growth or onwinter buds.



∆malathion

acephate (Orthene)

dimethoate (Cygon)


insecticidal soap

∆*propargite (Omite)

∆*fenbutatin-oxide (Vendex)

∆malathion

∆diazinon

carbaryl (Sevin)


diazinon

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

dimethoate (Cygon)


insecticidal soap

acephate (Orthene)

malathion



Spray when first noticed.

For use on nursery stock only.


Cupping of terminal leaves charac-teristic. Buds in cupped leavesoften dead. Thorough coverage isessential. Most effectively con-trolled as new growth starts.


Infestation may be severe at anyseason of the year. Often a problemwhere plants grow in protectedplaces.

Dimethoate may also be used as adrench: 4 tbsp., 23.4% EC pergallon of water per plant up to 6feet tall. Increase rate proportion-ately for larger plants. Usedimethoate drench in early springapplications only.



BOXWOOD (Buxus) cont.

CAMELLIA (Camellia)

– 13 –


If infestation is heavy, homeownersare advised to spray in April andagain in late summer or early fall.Read labels carefully for propertiming. Applications are directed atcrawlers.

Merit, etc., will only kill scalesfeeding on leaves. Marathon isrestricted to greenhouse andnursery use only.

Dimethoate may also be used as adrench: 4 tbsp., 23.4% EC pergallon of water per plant up to 6feet tall. Increase rate proportion-ately for larger plants. Usedimethoate drench in early springapplications only.

Spring application of malathion isnot very effective.

Apply late spring through early fall.Spray thoroughly, especiallyundersides of leaves. Best appliedwhen crawler stage is present.

In April use one of thefollowing:

acephate (Orthene)

diazinon


dimethoate (Cygon)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

carbaryl (Sevin)


∆*bendiocarb

In July, August, or September,use one of the following:

acephate (Orthene)


*bendiocarb

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

diazinon

∆malathion

carbaryl (Sevin)

carbaryl (Sevin)

*cyfluthrin (tempo)

diazinon


acephate (Orthene)

malathion

diazinon

Cottony camellia scale (Pulvinariafloccifera). Flat and brown; cottonyegg masses about 1/4 inch long. Whenabundant, presence indicated by blacksooty mold.

Brown soft scale (Coccus hesperidum).Soft, flat, brown or pale yellow, oftenwith marbled effect on top. Mayweaken host; produces honeydew andpromotes sooty mold.


CAMELLIA (Camellia) cont.

– 14 –


Insect must eat B.t. for it to beeffective.


Apply malathion at night to protectbees.

Occurs on several other hosts.Caterpillars must eat B.t. for it to beeffective. Follow label instructionsfor use.

Apply as full cover spray. Do notapply to bloom. These products aretoxic to bees.

Apply oils in delayed-dormantperiod.

Burn prunings and keep trees in avigorous condition. Borer attackusually indicates trees are in anunhealthy condition. Apply aslabel directs for borers on cherry.

Mites may be resistant to Kelthane.


Apple and thorn skeletonizer.(Eutromula pariana). Adult is small,dark brown moth. Larvae are yellowishto greenish with many small blacktubercles; skeletonize and tie leaves.

Aphids (several spp.).

Redhumped caterpillar (Schizuraconcinna). Mature larvae are reddish oryellow, and have several spines on eachsegment, and the entire body is linedwith white, dark reddish brown andblack lines. Head is red and the fourthsegment is conspicuously humped.

San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotusperniciosus). Nearly circular, slightconvex. Dark or blackish when smallbut gray when fully developed.

Shot hole borer (Scolytus rugolosus). Smallblack beetles with antennae, legs, and tipsof elytra cinnamon red. Normally attacksickly trees by boring into limbs. Also boreinto buds of healthy trees.

Spider mites.

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


insecticidal soap


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


malathion

*azadirachtin (Azatin, etc.)


Bacillus thuringiensis [B.t.]

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

*bifenthrin (Talstar) 10WP



*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

supreme-type oil



*dicofol (Kelthane)




CHERRY (flowering) (Prunus)

– 15 –


Spider mites cont.

Fall webworm, tent caterpillar, scale,leafroller.

Cherry Bark Tortrix (Enarmoniaformosana). Tan-colored caterpillarhaving light brown head. Feeds incambium zone under bark in Prunusand other ornamental landscape trees.

Pear slug (Caliroa cerasi). Black orgreen, slimy tadpole shaped larva,about 1/2 inch long. Skeletonize leaves.

Cotoneaster webworm (Cremonacotoneastri). Dark brown or blackcaterpillars 1/2 inch long in densewebbing along branches.

Spider mites. Small, yellowish, greenish,or reddish brown 8-legged mites.

*abamectin (Avid)

*propargite (Omite)



∆*lambda-cyhalothrin(Topcide)



*carbaryl (Sevin)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)



∆*lambda-cyhalothrin(Topcide)

diazinon


*dicofol (Kelthane)

*abamectin (Avid)

*propargite (Omite)



For use on nursery stock only. Useonly CR formulation of Omite.

Use only as label directs.

See “General Pests-Ornamentals”section. Use only those materialslisted that are registered for cherry.

Apply in early October. Topcide isrestricted to commercial nurseryuse only.

Primarily a problem on Cotoneasterhorizontalis. Apply as soon as dam-age is noticed. See bee warning page.


Topcide is restricted to commercialnursery use only.

Mites may be resistant to Kelthane.

Use only on field or nursery stock.


CHERRY (flowering) (Prunus) cont.

COTONEASTER (Cotoneaster)

– 16 –



Use Floramite as label directs.

Apply when aphids first appear.

See Cotoneaster webworm recom-mendations.

Apply when first noticed andrepeat as necessary. Apply en-dosulfan in late evening to avoidbee poisoning. Apply malathiononly at night.

Do not apply Tempo during bloom.

Spray soon after petal fall, thenagain in late May, June, July, andAugust. Do not apply to bloom asdiazinon is highly toxic to bees.

Caterpillars must eat B.t. for it to beeffective.

Some commercial formulations areregistered for endosulfan. Theseformulations are for commerciallygrown ornamentals and cannot beused around homes.

Spider mites cont.


Leafrollers. 1/4–1/2 inch green, tan, orwhite caterpillars feeding and webbingleaves together.


Apple and thorn skeletonizer(Eutromula pariana). Adult is a small,dark brown moth. Larvae are yellowishto greenish with many small blacktubercles; skeletonize and tie leaves.

Leafrollers (several spp.).



acephate (Orthene)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


*imidacloprid (Merit)


endosulfan (Thiodan)

insecticidal soap

malathion


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

diazinon 25% EC

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


∆*endosulfan (Thiodan)



COTONEASTER (Cotoneaster) cont.

COTTONWOOD—See Poplar

CRABAPPLE (as an ornamental) (Malus)

– 17 –


Leafrollers cont.

San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotusperniciosus). Nearly circular, slightlyconvex. Dark or blackish when small,but gray when fully developed.

Spider mites (Tetranychus spp.). Small,oval mites variably colored fromyellow, green, red to brown.

Tent caterpillar, Fallwebworm,leafroller, leaftier, tussock moth.

Lecanium scale (Lecanium spp.). Turtle-shaped scales on twigs from winter untilearly summer; flat, oval brown andscales on leaves during summer andearly fall. Lecanium scale is particularlyharmful to Daphne.

Oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi).Small; shaped like oyster shell.

Toxic to bees. Do not spray bloom-ing trees.


Apply oil sprays during dormant ordelayed-dormant period. Covertree thoroughly.

Direct insecticides at crawler stage.

Apply as labels direct.

Propargite is for use on nurserystock only.



See “General Pests-Ornamentals”section. Use only those materialslisted that are registered forornamental crabapple.

Apply in mid-June, July, August,or early September to controlcrawlers.



diazinon



diazinon

*superior-type oil

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


*dicofol (Kelthane)


*propargite (Omite)



*carbaryl (Sevin)


cyfluthrin (Tempo)

carbaryl (Sevin)


malathion


CRABAPPLE (as an ornamental) (Malus) cont.

DAPHNE (Daphne)

DOGWOOD (Cornus)

– 18 –

RRRRRemarksInsecticide or TreatmentPest and Description

Brown soft scale (Coccus hesperidum).Flat and brown; small—about 1/16inch long. When abundant, presenceindicated by sooty mold.

Leafhopper, Fleabeetle, scale.

Aphids. (several spp.).

Cooley spruce gall adelgid (Adelgescooleyi). On Douglas-fir aphids appearas small cottony tufts on undersides ofneedles. Cause browning and prema-ture needle drop. Note: These are nottrue aphids, thus many standardaphicides fail to control them.

Coneworms (Dioryctria spp.). Smallbrownish, cream colored larvae ofsnout moths that bore into fresh greencones. May also bore into trunkcambium, branches, and shoots—particularly where physical injury hasoccurred.

Apply materials anytime from latespring through early fall. Spraythoroughly. See bee warning page.Best sprayed when crawlers arepresent.

See “General Pests” section in backand apply only those materialslisted that are registered on dog-wood.

Apply when aphid colonies arenoticed. Use products only asmanufacturer directs.

Spray just prior to or aroundbudbreak.

Repeat applications may benecessary.

Spray cones or entire tree whencones become pendant. Repeat asneeded.

*carbaryl (Sevin)


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


diazinon

acephate (Orthene)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)




malathion

carbaryl (Sevin)



insecticidal soap



DOGWOOD (Cornus) cont.

DOUGLAS-FIR (Pseudotsuga)

– 19 –


Some commercial formulations areregistered for this use. Follow labelinstructions.

Christmas tree growers should useemergence cages placed on groundto determine midge emergence andoptimum time for endosulfanapplication.

Remove and burn infested twigs.Keep tree in healthy, vigorousgrowing condition. July to earlyAugust application to young trees.

Also registered on spruce. Attackstrue firs, spruce, pine, and larch.B.t. must be applied when cater-pillars are feeding for it to beeffective. Use products as manu-facturers direct.

Pine, spruce, true firs also subjectto attack. Caterpillars must eat B.t.for it to be effective. Apply as labeldirects for other moth larvae.

Nothing registered. Control con-sists of removal with knife resultingin physical destruction of indi-vidual larvae.

Repeated applications may benecessary.

*endosulfan (Thiodan)





*cyfluthrin (Tempo)



∆diazinon


∆bifenthrin (Talstar)


diazinon

insecticidal soap

malathion

Douglas-fir needle midge (Contariniaspp.). Adult is a small midge. Larvaemine in needles causing them to bedistorted. Even light infestations lowermarket value and appearance ofChristmas trees. Moderate or heavyinfestations cause serious defoliation.Infested needles become yellowed andangle sharply.

Douglas-fir twig weevil (Cylindrocop-tures furnissi). Small gray-black weevilwith white mottling, sometimes withpink or orange spots. They may killsmall branches and sometimes small trees.

Douglas-fir tussock moth (Orgyiapseudotsugata). Mature larvae aboutan inch long, hairy, gray or light brownwith black heads. Several light brownor cream-colored tufts of hair on body.Defoliates trees. Rusty tussock mothmay attack this species.

Silver-spotted tiger moth (Halisidotaargentata). Mature larvae 3-4 cm.long, densely clothed with long brownto black brushlike hairs. Attacks treesin late fall or early spring.

Sequoia pitch moth (Vespamimasequoia). Clear-winged moth; larvaefeed in the limbs and trunks of trees.Mass of variously colored pitch atfeeding site is evidence of infestation.

Aphids. Soft-bodied insects on leaves.Produce sticky secretion on leaves andunder trees.


DOUGLAS-FIR (Pseudotsuga) cont.

ELM (Ulmus)

– 20 –

Aphids cont.

Elm leaf beetle (Xanthogalerucaluteola). Adults about 1/4 inch long,wing covers dull green with darkergreen stripe. Elongate, yellow andblack larvae skeletonize leaves.

European elm scale (Gossypariaspuria). Scale is reddish brown ovalwith white cottony fringe around edgeof body. Devitalize trees, kill twigs andbranches. Scales secrete honeydewwhich results in sooty mold.

Spiny elm caterpillar (Mourning cloakbutterfly) (Nymphalis antiopa). Adultis large butterfly with purplish wingsbordered with wide yellow stripeinside of which is row of blue orpurple spots. Larvae are purplish blackwith row of orange or red spots alongthe back, brownish prolegs, and areclothed with long forked spines.


acephate (Orthene)


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)



acephate (Orthene)

carbaryl (Sevin)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

*Bacillus thuringiensis var.San diego [B.t.]


*phosmet (Imidan)


horticultural oil


acephate (Orthene)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


carbaryl (Sevin)

Use Orthene on Chinese or Sibe-rian elms only.

Use Orthene on Chinese or Sibe-rian elms only.

Apply when beetles first becomeactive. Direct spray toward theundersides of leaves. Repeat asnecessary.

Do not use B.t.s specific for cater-pillar pests. See bee warning page.

Apply oil as a dormant treatment.

Apply Orthene, Dursban, or Tempofor scale crawler control in early tomidsummer depending on crawlerpeak population occurrence.

Also a pest of willow and poplar.



ELM (Ulmus) cont.

– 21 –

Pest and Description RemarksInsecticide or Treatment

Euonymus scale (Unaspis euonymi).Small, narrow, whitish males, andwider, darker, female scales; causeyellowish to whitish spots on leaves.

Balsam woolly aphid (Adelges piceae).White woolly masses or dirty whiteencrustations on trunk and limbs. Onterminals causes a swelling makingtwigs appear to end in solid knobs.Infestations weaken trees, thin foliage,and may cause death of trees. Greatestdamage has occurred to Grand fir, sub-alpine fir, and Pacific silver fir.

Balsam twig aphid (Mindarus abietinus).Small, yellowish brown to greenaphids with woolly secretions posteri-orly. Attack new terminals, mat needlestogether, stunt and distort new growth.

Bow-legged fir aphid (Cinara curvipes).Large, brownish black aphids in largecolonies on main stems and branches.Promote sooty mold.

Sliver-spotted tiger moth (See Douglas-fir).

acephate (Orthene)


horticultural oil

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

dimethoate

*bendiocarb


∆carbaryl (Sevin)

insecticidal soap (repeat ap-plications may be necessary)

malathion

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)



acephate (Orthene)



*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

malathion


acephate (Orthene)

Apply when crawlers are active.Use of a handlens may be neces-sary to detect this event.

Spray in early spring (bud break).Thorough coverage is necessary.Difficult to control with anythingother than high pressure sprayequipment. Note: These are not trueaphids, thus standard aphicidesoften fail to control them. Use onlythese recommended chemicals.

Spray in early spring; a secondapplication may be necessary withmalathion in June.

Spray when aphid colonies arenoticed.

Use only those materials listedunder Douglas-fir (tiger moth entry)that are registered for use on fir.


EUONYMUS (Euonymus)

FIR (Abies)

– 22 –


Spruce budworm. Green to brownlarva, up to 1 inch in length, attackbuds and foliage.

Spruce spider mite (Oligonychusununguis). Eight-legged dark coloredmites.

Leafminer (Leucoptera prob. laburnella).Mines leaves in blotches and candefoliate trees.

Spider mites (Tetranychus spp.). Small,oval, 8-legged mites; variously coloredfrom yellow to green, red to brown.

Aphids. Soft-bodied insects on leaves.Produce sticky secretions on leavesand under trees. The hawthorn aphidin particular can cause leaves to curltightly.


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

*dicofol (Kelthane)





∆*propargite (Omite)

*avermectin (Avid)




*propargite (Omite)


insecticidal soap

acephate (Orthene)


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

diazinon

malathion


Apply in May and again in June.Caterpillars must eat B.t. for it to beeffective.


Often a pest in spring, and againsometimes in fall. Apply whenmotile mites appear.






Use only on nursery stock. Useonly CR formulation of Omite.


Repeat application may be neces-sary. See bee warning page.


FIR (Abies) cont.

GOLDEN CHAIN (Laburnum)

HAWTHORN (Crataegus)

– 23 –


Apple and thorn skeletonizer(Eutromula pariana). Adult is small,dark brown moth. Larvae are yellowishto greenish with many small blacktubercles; skeletonize and tie leaves.

Leafroller (several spp.).

Pear slug (Caliroa cerasi). Small,tadpole-shaped larvae. Shiny, olive-green to black. Skeletonize leaves,often defoliate host.

Psylla. An unidentified species of psyllidcan be a serious pest of Hawthorn result-ing in reduced vigor of tree as well as inproducing copious amounts of honeydew.

Scale insects (several spp.).

Spider mites (Tetranychus spp.). Smalloval mites, variably colored fromyellow, green, red to brown.

diazinon

∆Bacillus thuringiensis[B.t.]

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

carbaryl (Sevin)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)




diazinon


No materials are currentlyregistered for this pest.

carbaryl (Sevin)


acephate (Orthene)


∆malathion

superior-type oil

*dicofol (Kelthane)


*propargite (Omite)


Apply when damage noticed.Several applications may beneeded during season. Apple,crabapple, and flowering cherryare also attacked. Caterpillars musteat B.t. for it to be effective.


Apply thoroughly as foliar spray.

Some control may be obtainedwhen using materials registered foraphid control.

Spray when crawlers are active;second application should bemade about 10 days later.

Apply oils durning the delayed-dormant period.

Read labels carefully for restrictions.Cover foliage thoroughly.



HAWTHORN (Crataegus) cont.


– 24 –


Spider mites cont.

Hemlock chermes (Adelges tsugae).Aphidlike insect, appears as white,cottony encrustation on the bark andas white tufts on the needles. Particu-larly troublesome on hemlock hedges.

Coneworms. See under Douglas-firdescription of coneworm.

Hemlock scale. (Abgrallaspis ithacae).Adult scale is 2mm in diameter and isround and dark brownish gray in color.It is said that 4-6 scales on a leaf willcause the leaf to drop.

Spruce spider mite (Oligonychusununguis). Similar to Tetranychusspider mites except smaller. Cause lossof leaf color and drying.

Aphids. Soft-bodied insects that feedon new growth.


*abamectin (Avid)



∆*imidacloprid (Merit)

∆carbaryl (Sevin)

∆insecticidal soap

∆lindane


carbaryl (Sevin)


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

*dicofol (Kelthane)





diazinon


acephate (Orthene)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


Presence does not imply damage.Apply to control crawlers after eggshatch, usually at the time whennew tip growth is expanding.

Repeated applications of soap maybe necessary.

Apply to early summer crawlers.


Read label for restrictions.

Spray as needed during summerand fall.


Apply spray before blossoming attime new growth appears. NOTE:Pollination by bees is needed forproduction of berries. See beewarning page.


HAWTHORN (Crataegus) cont.

HEMLOCK (Tsuga)

HOLLY (Ilex)

– 25 –


Aphids cont.

Holly bud moth (Rhopobota naevanailicifoliana). Webbing in new growthin spring and early summer. Brownishcaterpillar up to 3/4 inch long.

Holly leafminer (Phytomyza ilicis).Adult is small, grayish black fly. Fliesemerge throughout May. Larvae arewhite maggots that cause light green,yellowish to reddish blotches on leaves.

Holly scale (Dynaspidiotus britannicus).Tan in color, about 1/16 inch in diam-eter. On older leaves.

Lecanium scale (Lecanium spp.).Turtle-shaped scales on twigs fromwinter until early summer. Flat, oval,brown scales on leaves during summerand early fall.

Brown soft scale (Coccus hesperidum).Flat and brown; small—about 3/16inch long. When abundant, presenceindicated by sooty mold.

Cottony camellia scale. See descrip-tion under Camellia.


malathion

diazinon


diazinon

acephate (Orthene)


∆diazinon

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


acephate (Orthene)

diazinon

∆malathion


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

acephate (Orthene)

diazinon

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

acephate (Orthene)

malathion

In late summer or early fall,use one of the following:

carbaryl (Sevin)

Diazinon sprays for bud moth willcontrol cottony camellia and softscales. See bee warning page.Application should be made whennew growth is about 1/4 inch longand before blossoms open.

Apply just before blossoming. Seebee warning page.

Spray when crawlers are active. Donot apply diazinon or Orthene orDursban to bloom.

Apply in mid-June, July, August, orSeptember to control crawlers. Donot apply diazinon to bloom. Seebee warning page.

Apply materials any time duringsummer. Spray thoroughly. See beewarning page.

Malathion should be applied whentemperature during the day willreach 70˚F or more.

(For scale crawlers) Most favorableperiod for control is in late summeror early fall after eggs havehatched. See bee warning page.


HOLLY (Ilex) cont.

– 26 –


Cottony camellia scale cont.

Oblique-banded leafroller.(Choristoneura rosaceana). Green,smooth-bodied larvae feeding andwebbing new growth in spring. Otherleafrollers, such as orange tortrix, arealso found on holly.

Aphids. Soft-bodied, variously coloredplant lice. Cause yellowing of foliageand sooty mold.

Japanese holly mites. Web-forming;will turn foliage yellow to graystippled.

Aphids (Cinara spp.). Black, soft-bodied; devitalize plants. Black sootymold often present.

acephate (Orthene)

∆diazinon

diazinon



acephate (Orthene)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

acephate (Orthene)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


∆*dicofol (Kelthane)

∆*hexythiazox (Hexygon)



acephate (Orthene)

diazinon

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

dimethoate (Cygon)


malathion

Seldom abundant. Usually con-trolled by bud moth spray. See beewarning page.

Spray when noticed. May needretreatment.

Two applications may be necessaryto kill mites hatching from eggs. Donot make more than two applica-tions of Kelthane per season.


Spray when aphids are observed.

Canareti juniper may be injured bymalathion application.


HOLLY (Ilex) cont.

IVY (Hedera)

JUNIPER (Juniperus)

– 27 –



Juniper scale (Carulaspis juniperi).Scale covering circular, white, 1/16inch in diameter. Plants devitalizedand blackened from sooty mold.

Juniper tip midge (Oligatropus betheli).Tiny yellow mosquito-like flies. Maggotsare without legs or definite head. Causegall-like bud swelling and stunt growth.

Juniper webworm (Dichomerismarginella). Mature larvae about 1/2inch long, reddish brown with lighterstripes along the body. Heavy webbingassociated with infestation. Larvaehibernate in webbed twigs.

Leafminers. Tiny larvae which tunnelinto leaf scales and mine within thefoliage. Cause browning of tips.

Spider mites. (Tetranychus spp.).Small, yellowish, greenish, or reddishbrown 8-legged mites.


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


malathion

acephate (Orthene)


dimethoate (Cygon)

diazinon


carbaryl (Sevin)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


diazinon

acephate (Orthene)

*dicofol (Kelthane)




dimethoate (Cygon)

Apply in early spring. Oil spraysmay result in discoloration ofevergreen trees and shrubs.

Apply malathion or Orthene inearly June and again in early Julyfor direct crawler control. In caseof heavy infestation, use both typesof control. Canareti juniper may beinjured by malathion application.


Apply when damage is first ob-served.

Damage frequently observed inearly spring, March to May. Spraysapplied in late fall, winter, or earlyspring at relatively low temperatureare effective against this pest.

Larvae must eat B.t. for it to beeffective.

Apply thoroughly as a foliagespray. Diazinon not effective oncelarvae have entered plant tissue.

Often difficult to control unlesssprayer capable of driving sprayinto dense foliage.


JUNIPER (Juniperus) cont.

– 28 –


Spider mites cont.

Aphid (Tamalia coweni). Causes leafgalls; leaves become thickened andreddish.

Carnation tortrix (Cacaecimorphapronubana). Active, dark green larvaeabout 3/8 to 1/2 inch long whenmature, with a light brown to greenish-brown head. Adult has bright, lightbrown or reddish underwings. Darkerbrown upper wings have a transverseband.

Tent caterpillar, fall webworm, scale.

Lilac leafminer. (Gracillariasyringella). Adult is small, brownishmoth. Greenish larvae mine and rollleaves at tips. Leaf-mining results inlarge brown blotches.

Ash borer or Lilac borer (Podosesiasyringae). See under Ash.

*progargite (Omite)



*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

malathion



diazinon


acephate (Orthene)

abamectin (Avid)

*lindane

For use on nersery stock only. Useonly CR formulation of Omite.


Information and control of this pestare very limited. Spray in spring toprotect new foliage.

Has been found only in Portlandarea. Attacks many broadleafevergreens. Larvae active yearround. In foreign countries, hasbeen a serious pest of carnationsand is also found on hosts includingapple, pear, citrus. Other caterpil-lars also attack this plant and they,too, can be controlled with Bacillusthuringiensis. Caterpillars must eatB.t. for it to be effective.

See general section in back anduse only those materials listed thatare registered on PortugueseLaurel.

Spray all leaves, both sides, to thedripping point. Spray whenblotches first noticed. Rake upfallen leaves and destroy them.

Prune out severely infested limbsand branches. Spray trunk thor-oughly in June and July.


JUNIPER (Juniperus) cont.

KINNIKINNICK (Arctostaphylos)

LAUREL (Portuguese) (Prunus)

LILAC (Syringa)

– 29 –


Oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi)Resembles a miniature oyster. Light todark brown. Forms solid crust on twigsand limbs; may kill tree.

Fall webworm, tent caterpillars.

Aphids. Soft-bodied insects on leaves;produce sticky secretions on leavesand under trees.

Spider mites (Tetranychus spp.). Small,yellowish, greenish, reddish brown 8-legged mites.

Gall mite (Eriophyes abnormis). A verytiny mite causing formation of red togreenish galls on leaves.


carbaryl (Sevin)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

malathion

light-medium summer oil.




acephate (Orthene)


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

malathion

*dicofol (Kelthane)



insecticidal soap

No controls registered.

diazinon

acephate (Orthene)

Use carbaryl or malathion in Juneor July when crawlers are active. Asecond application should bemade about 10 days later. See beewarning page.

Spray oil in early spring.

See general section in back anduse only materials listed that areregistered for lilac.

Apply when first noticed. Repeat asnecessary.



Insecticidal soap may needrepeated applications.

Damage seldom serious.

Apply when first noticed. Repeat asnecessary. Orthene for honeylocust use only.

∆Pest not on product label. See Introduction.*For commercial use only; not for the general public.

LOCUST (Robinia, Gleditsia)

LINDEN (Tilia)

LILAC (Syringa) cont.

– 30 –



Mites (several spp.).

Honey locust pod gall midge(Dasineura gleditschiae). Small orangegnat which lays eggs on newly devel-oping leaves in spring. Maggots feed-ing cause galling and premature leafdrop. There are multiple generationsabout 3 weeks in duration.

Locust borer. (Megacyllene robiniae).Eggs laid in bark in the fall in cracksand mounds. Larvae mine betweenbark and in wood.

Scales.

Leafminer, shield bearer.

Tussock moth. Rusty tussock moth inparticular. Tufted caterpillars feed onleaves.

Aphids, leafminers.

LOCUST (Robinia, Gleditsia) cont.*dicofol (Kelthane)



*propargite (Omite)


∆diazinon


lindane





For use only on nursery stock. Useonly CR formulation of Omite.

Do not use Floramite in successiveapplications. Floramite is noteffective against rust mites, broadmites, or flat mites.

Spray every 3 weeks beginningwhen leaves unfold.

A single application applied inSeptember. Spray injured sites as apreventative.

See general section in back anduse only materials listed that areregistered on locust.

See general section in back anduse only those materials listed thatare registered for madrone.

Apply when first noticed. Caterpil-lars must eat B.t. for it to be effec-tive. It is not a contact poison.

See general pest section in backand use only those materials listedthat are registered for Manzanita.

MADRONE (Arbutus)

MANZANITA (Arbutus)

– 31 –



MAPLE (Acer)Aphids. Soft-bodied insects on leaves;produce sticky secretions on leavesand under trees.

Cottony maple scale. (Pulvinariainnumerabilis). Scale body is flattenedand oval. Produces conspicuous purewhite cottony egg sac.

Lecanium scale (Lecanium spp.).Turtle-shaped scales on twigs fromwinter until early summer. Flat, ovalbrown scales on leaves during summerand early fall.

Maple bladder gall mite (Vasatesquadripedes). Bladderlike galls, firstred, later green or black, 1/8–1/4 inchlong, on upper surface of leaves.

Oyster shell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi).Resembles miniature oyster. Light todark brown. Forms solid crusts ontwigs and limbs; may kill tree.

acephate (Orthene)

diazinon


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)



malathion

carbaryl (Sevin)

acephate (Orthene)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

∆diazinon


∆malathion

∆superior-type oil

diazinon


acephate (Orthene)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

∆carbaryl (Sevin)


carbaryl (Sevin)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

malathion


Do not apply acephate to redmaple or sugar maple.


Make applications from Junethrough summer months.

Do not apply acephate to redmaple (Acer rubrum) or sugarmaple.

Apply oil at delayed dormantperiod (Feb/Mar).

Apply in mid-June, July, August, orSeptember to control crawlers. Seebee warning page. Do not applyacephate to red maple or sugarmaple.

Apply in delayed-dormant period.

Use carbaryl or malathion in Juneor July when crawlers becomeactive; a second application shouldbe made about 10 days later.

Spray oil in early spring.

– 32 –



MAPLE (Acer) cont.Maple shoot moth. Larvae bore intoshoots at terminals.


Blister mite (Eriophyes spp.). Verysmall whitish mite producing blisterson leaves.

Tent caterpillar, leafroller.


Pit scale (Asterolecanium spp.). Scalesabout 1/16 inch in diameter embeddedin small pits in twigs and smallbranches. Weaken twigs and causedieback.

Jumping oak gall (Neuroterus saltat-orius). Globular growth, size ofpinheads, on lower surface of leaves.Appear in mid- and late summer.Cause yellowing of foliage and prema-ture leaf drop.


∆carbaryl (Sevin)



*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


∆carbaryl (Sevin)

*bifenthrin (Talstar) 10WP

acephate (Orthene)


diazinon

malathion

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

carbaryl (Sevin)

diazinon

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

∆carbaryl (Sevin)


Spray as buds break in spring.Repeat as necessary.


See general section in back anduse only materials that are regis-tered on mountain ash.

Apply when first noticed. Wetfoliage thoroughly. Repeat applica-tions may be necessary.

Control is applied to young scalecrawlers which appear in June andJuly and is not applied to controladult scale present at time oftreatment. Repeated sprays may benecessary. Spray injury sometimesresults when applications are madeto trees under stress due todrought, root pruning, etc.

Apply as leaves unfold in spring.

MOUNTAIN ASH (Sorbus)

OAK (Quercus) (Garry)

– 33 –



Western oak looper (Lambdinafiscellaria somniaria). Larvae are about1 inch long when fully grown; move inlooping manner and feed on leaves.When infestations are heavy, can causesevere defoliation.

Oak skeletonizer (Bucculatrixainsliella). Full-grown caterpillars areabout 1/4 inch long, pale yellow tolight green. Prior to pupation they spina characteristic white ribbed cocoonon leaf, branch, or nearby object.

Mahonia looper, tussock moth,leafminer, aphid, root weevil.

Aphids. Soft-bodied insects on leaves.

Peach silver mite (Vasates cornutus).Pinkish microscopic mite. Feeds onleaf surface producing a silvering of thetissue.

Spider mites (Tetranychus spp.). Smalloval mites variably colored fromyellow, green, red to brown.

diazinon




∆diazinon

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


∆superior-type oil

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)



∆*hexythiazox (Hexygon)

*wettable sulfur


*dicofol (Kelthane)


insecticidal soap


Apply when larvae are feeding.

Apply in early summer whencaterpillars are first active.

See general section in back anduse only materials listed that areregistered on mahonia or onornamentals in general.

Apply when insects first appearand repeat as necessary. ApplyThiodan in late evening to avoidbee poisoning.

Follow label instructions.





OAK (Quercus) (Garry) cont.

OREGON GRAPE (Mahonia)

PEACH (flowering) (Prunus)

– 34 –



Spider mites cont.

Twig borer. Adults are small, dark graymoths. Larvae are light to dark reddishbrown with a brown with a black headand yellow-white ringlike segmentsaround the abdomen. They are about3/8 inch long. Attack new tendershoots which soon wilt and die.

Peach tree borer (Sanninoideaexitiosa). Larvae of a clear-wingedmoth that bore into trunk at soil line.

In home landscapes where only one ora few trees are involved, remove thedirt around the tree and use a pocketknife to dig the larvae out. This worm-ing method is time-consuming, and ifcarelessly done, will cause injury tothe tree, but is quicker and cheaperthan spraying.

Leafrollers.

Aphids. Soft-bodied, variously coloredplant lice. Cause yellowing of foliageand sooty mold.

Root weevils.

Pine aphid (Schizolachnus pineti).Colonies in groups on needles. Anextensive infestation yellows the treeand promotes sooty mold.

PEACH (flowering) (Prunus) cont.*oxythioquinox (Joust)

∆carbaryl (Sevin)






acephate (Orthene)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


insecticidal soap

diazinon




Some commercial formulations areregistered for this use.

Apply as manufacturer directs.

See general section in back and useonly materials listed that are regis-tered for use on flowering peach.

Spray when noticed. May needretreatment. Will also control adultweevils.

See root weevils general section atthe back of this publication.

Spray when noticed.

PHOTINIA (Photinia)

PINE (Pinus)

– 35 –



PINE (Pinus) cont.Black pine leaf scale (Nuculaspiscalifornica). Mature scales almostcircular, 1/16 inch in diameter, andyellowish brown to black. Young hatchin spring and summer. Discolor needlesand cause needle fall. May kill tree.

Coneworms (Dioryetria spp.). Smallbrown, cream colored larvae of snoutmoths that bore into fresh green cones.May also bore into trunk cambium,branches, and shoots particularlywhere physical injury occurs.

European pine shoot moth (Rhyacioniabuoliana). Larval feeding damages orkills buds and shoots causing them tobecome bushy and deformed. Full-grown larvae are 5/8 inch long, reddishbrown with black heads. All pines aresusceptible, especially 2- and 3-needlepines such as mugho, lodgepole, red,Scotch, Austrian, and ponderosa.

Eriophyiid mites (Trisetacus spp.).Microscopic torpedo-shaped mites thatfeed in needle sheaths causing yellow-ing and distortion of new needles.

Fir aphids (Cinera spp.). Large, brown-ish black aphids in large colonies onmain stems and branches. Promotesooty mold.

Juniper webworm (Dichomeris mar-ginella). Mature larvae are about 1/2inch long, reddish brown with lighterstripes along body. Heavy webbingassociated with infestation. Damagefrequently observed in early spring.March to May.

carbaryl (Sevin)


*permethrin

∆lindane

dimethoate (Cygon)


*phosmet (Imidan)


*carbaryl (Sevin)


diazinon


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


acephate (Orthene)

diazinon


*trichlorfon (Dylox)


Apply when crawlers becomeactive in early summer. A secondapplication should be made 10days later.

Spray cones or entire tree whencones become pendant. Repeat asneeded.

Apply one of these materials attwo-week intervals starting aboutthe first of June and ending mid-July. Timing is essential for goodcontrol. Dates may vary from areato area; best solution is to usemonitoring techniques as shown inEB1011. This publication is avail-able online at http://www.cahe.wsu.edu/infopub/eb1011/eb1011.html

Frequently ineffective for unknownreasons. Sevin plus oil has been usedwith success when applied threetimes about 5 days apart at mid-Mayinto early June or to new candleswhen needles begin to elongate.

Spray when aphid colonies arenoticed.

Larvae hibernate in webbed twigs.Sprays applied in late fall, winter,or early spring at relatively lowtemperatures are effective againstthis pest.

– 36 –



PINE (Pinus) cont.Mountain pine beetle. (Dendroctonusspp.). Small, black, stout cylindricalbeetle about 1/8–1/5 inch long. Excavateegg galleries through inner living bark.

Pine bark adelgid (Pineus spp.). Whitecottony masses on bark of trunk,branches, or twigs.

Pine needle scale (phenacaspispinifoliae). Elongate, flat, white scaleson leaves. Heavy infestation may causesevere damage.

Pine butterfly (Neophasia menapia).Dark green caterpillar with two whitestripes down each side. Feeds onneedles.

Pine needle sheathminer (Zelleriahaimbachi). Adults lay eggs on needlesfrom early to midsummer. First theymine the needle, then sever the sheath.Larvae are bright orange.

Sequoia pitch moth (Vespamimasequoia). Larvae of clear wing moththat feed in limbs and trunks of trees.Mass of pinkish or yellowish pitch atfeeding site is evidence of infestation.

White pine weevil (Pissodes strobi).Adults are about 1/4 inch long, light todark brown, prominent curved back.Kill terminal shoots, deform tree. Deadterminals often riddled with exit holes.

Webworms, tiger moth, tussock moth,spider mite.

*carbaryl (Sevin)


∆lindane

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

carbaryl (Sevin)


diazinon


malathion



∆diazinon

lindane


Apply annually to prevent beetlesfrom infesting healthy trees. Use aslabel directs.

Spray when noticed, particularlybark of limbs and twigs.

Spray when crawlers becomeactive in early or midsummer. Asecond application should bemade about 10 days later.


Does little damage except duringoutbreak years. Caterpillars musteat B.t. for it to work; it is not acontact poison.

Apply in spring when new needlesbegin development. Using oil withthese products enhances effective-ness.

Nothing registered. Control consistsof removal of larvae with kniferesulting in physical destruction ofindividual larvae. Expect severeattack on trees growing under stress.

See general section in back anduse only materials listed that areregistered on pine or ornamentalsin general.

– 37 –



PLUM (flowering)Aphids. Soft-bodied insects found onundersides or in rolled leaves. Heavyinfestations cause severe defoliation.One species (leaf curl plum aphid)causes extreme leaf curling.

Pear slug (Caliroa cerasi). Black slimyappearing, tabpole-shaped larvae 1/2inch long; skeletonize leaves.

Scales. Various species.

Western peach tree borer (Sanninoideaexitiosa graefi). Adult is clear-wingedmoth. Larvae are whitish yellow andmine about crown. Presence indicatedby blobs of gum and frass just aboveground line and on trunk. Devitalizeand cause death of tree.

Spider mites. Small, 8-legged miteswhich vary in color from red, yellow,green to brown.

Leafroller, tent caterpillar, fall webworm.

diazinon

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


malathion


*superior-type oil

insecticidal soap

diazinon 25% EC


*lambda-cyhalothrin(Topcide)

carbaryl (Sevin)

horticultural oil



fenbutatin-oxide (Vendex)


insecticidal soap


Difficult to control unless applica-tions are made early in springbefore leaves are rolled. See beewarning page.

Best applied in delayed dormantperiod.

Also attacks cherry and pear. Seebee warning page.

Topcide is restricted to commercialnursery use only.

Best applied in delayed dormantperiod if overwintering is done asimmature scale. Apply to crawlers.Also see scales in “general pests”near end of this publication.

Apply to trunk and lower scaffoldlimbs and allow spray to puddlearound trunk. Use 1/2 to 1 pint ofmix per tree. Apply in early Julyafter first adults emerge and againin 3 weeks.



See general section in back anduse only materials listed that areregistered on plum.

– 38 –



POPLAR (Populus)Aphids. Soft-bodies insects of leaves;produce sticky secretions on leavesand under trees.

Oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi).Resembles a miniature oyster; lightbrown to dark brown. Forms solid crustson twigs and limbs; may kill tree.

Poplar and willow borer (Cryptorynchuslapathi). Larvae of this weevil boreunder bark and into wood of poplarand willow. In time, this boring willcause heavy breakage.

Satin moth (Leucoma salicis). Brown-ish caterpillars with white spots onback.

Aphids. Soft-bodied, variously coloredplant lice. Cause sooty mold.

Root weevil. See under azalea fordescription.

Lilac leafminer (Caloptilia syringella).Adult is small, brownish moth. Green-ish larvae mine and roll leaves down attips. Leaf mining results in large brownblotches.

Thrips. Slender, straw-colored; causedistortion of leaves.


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

acephate (Orthene)

carbaryl (Sevin)

malathion


lindane



∆carbaryl (Sevin)



acephate (Orthene)

acephate (Orthene)


*abamectin (Avid)



Beauvaria bassiana(Naturalis-O)

Apply when first noticed andrepeat as necessary. Apply in lateevening or early morning to avoidbee poisoning. Do not useacephate on cottonwood.

Spray when crawlers becomeactive; a second application shouldbe made 10 days later.

Apply late July/early August (orwhen adults first noticed) andagain about mid-August.

Spray when first larvae are seen inlate summer. See bee warningpage.

Spray when noticed. May needretreatment.

See general section for larvalcontrol.

Lilac and occasionally ash alsosubject to attack. Apply whenlarvae are in mines or rolled leavesduring June and again in August.See bee warning page.


PRIMROSE (Primula)

PRIVET (Ligustrum)

– 39 –



PYRACANTHA (Pyracantha)Aphids. Soft-bodied, variously coloredplant lice. Cause sooty mold.

Leafrollers.

Aphids (Masonaphis spp.). Green, soft-bodied insects found on undersides ofleaves. Promote sooty mold. Whitecast skins are conspicuous.

Azalea bark scale (Eriococcus azalea).White cottony sacs enclosing smallreddish insects.

Lecanium scale (Lecanium spp.).Turtleshaped scales on twigs fromwinter to early summer. Flat, oval, lightbrown scales on foliage midsummerand fall.

Rhododendron bud moth(Euchordylea huntella). The pinklarvae overwinter in the larger buds.They pupate in buds or twigs in thespring. Adults are gray moths about 1/2inch long appearing in July. Newlarvae make blotch mines coveredwith silk and debris on the undersideof host leaves. Later they mine themidrib and then bore into twigs andbud bases in the fall.

acephate (Orthene)

diazinon

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


acephate (Orthene)

malathion


∆diazinon

∆malathion

diazinon


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

∆malathion


∆diazinon

Spray when noticed. Repeat ifnecessary.Also see general sectionat back of this bulletin.

See general section in back anduse only materials listed that areregistered on pyracantha.

Usually found on new tendergrowth only. See bee warning page.

Apply spray after eggs hatch tocontrol crawlers. Usually late Juneor July. Thorough application andrepeat spraying are essential forcontrol. See bee warning page.

Apply spray to control crawlerstage. See bee warning page.

Apply spray thoroughly to under-side of leaves in mid-July andAugust. In severe infestations,repeat treatment in 2 weeks. Avoidplanting infested “native” or “wild”plants. See bee warning page.

RHODODENDRON (Rhododendron)

– 40 –



RHODODENDRON (Rhododendron) cont.Rhododendron lacebug (Stephaitisrhododendri). Leaves yellow withstippled effect. Undersides of leaveshave dirty appearance.

Rhododendron white fly (Dialeurodeschittendeni). Small white insects withwings held rooflike over their heads.

Root weevils. Gray, black, or brownsnout-nosed beetles, the adults of whichfeed on the leaves, notching the edgesheavily, while the legless larvae live in soil.

Aphids. Variously colored, soft-bodiedinsects on new growth.

Leafcutting bees. (Megachile spp.).Smooth, circular, or crescent-shapedareas cut from edges of leaves.

Overwinter in egg stage. Eggs laidin midrib on undersides of leaves;hatch during late May or earlyJune. Control is applied to killyoung nymphs from overwinteringeggs. See bee warning page.


Several applications may benecessary about 5–7 days apart.See bee warning page.


See azalea for control measures.

Several applications may benecessary during the season. Seebee warning page.

Pieces of leaves are used by beesin forming cells for young.

acephate (Orthene)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

carbaryl (Sevin)


∆malathion


∆*bendiocarb

diazinon



acephate (Orthene)

acephate (Orthene)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

diazinon

dimethoate (Cygon)

*disulfoton (DiSyston)


malathion

No practical control.

ROSE (Rosa)

– 41 –



Leafhopper (Typhicoyba rosae). Adultis greenish white; immature stagessame color, flat and elongate. Leaveshave stippled appearance. Heavyinfestation will result in defoliation.

Leafrollers. Variously colored caterpil-lars which when mature are about 3/4inch long with black or dark brownheads. Roll leaves and feed within.

Raspberry cane maggot (Pegomyarubivora). New shoots wilt from fewinches to a foot from the tip. Damagecaused by small white maggot whichgirdles cane.

Redhumped caterpillar (Schizuraconcinna). See description underflowering cherry.

Rose curculio (Rhynchites bicolor).Bright red beetle, 1/4 inch long withblack undersurface, head and legs, andlong snout. One form entirely black.Adults make egg punctures in budswhich may fail to open.

Rose slug (Endelomyia aethiops).Larvae sluglike, light green. Skeleton-ize undersides of leaves or make holesin leaves.

Rose stem miner (Marmara spp.).Adult is a small moth. Larvae makewinding mines beneath the epidermis.

ROSE (Rosa) cont.dimethoate (Cygon)

malathion


*disulfoton (DiSyston)

acephate (Orthene)

*permethrin


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


Cut off infested canesseveral inches belowwilted portion.



No registered material.

carbaryl (Sevin)



No control measures havebeen developed.

Apply sprays when damage orleafhoppers are noticed. See beewarning page.

Apply when first noticed.

Apply Bacillus thuringiensis andpermethrin as label directs forgreenhouse roses. Can be con-trolled by hand when numbers arefew. Caterpillars must eat B.t. for itto be effective.

Usually not a serious pest. Moreoften a pest of blackcaps and othercane fruits.

Primarily a pest east of the CascadeMountains. Caterpillars must eatB.t. for it to work.

Spray when first noticed. See beewarning page.

Seldom a serious problem. If minesdetract from appearance of theplant, prune and destroy infestedcanes.

– 42 –



ROSE (Rosa) cont.Small carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.).Small bees 3/16 inch long, metallicblue or blue-green color. Burrow intopith of cut stems and make cells foryoung. Cells provisioned with pollenand nectar.

Rose thrips (Frankliniella spp.). Slen-der, tiny strawcolored insects in budsand blooms; cause distortion of leavesand flowers.

Rose midge. Maggots cause distortionsto developing leaves.

Spider mites (Tetranychus spp.). Small,8-legged; color ranges from yellow tobrown.

Western spotted cucumber beetle(Diabrotica undecimpunctata). Yel-lowish green beetle with black spots.Feeds on blossoms.

Cover cut stems with waxto prevent burrowing andegg laying. Prune outdamaged canes.

dimethoate (Cygon)

Beauvaria bassiana(Naturalis-O)


malathion

diazinon


acephate (Orthene)


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


dimethoate (Cygon)


insecticidal soap





Damage not serious. Occurs onlyin pruned stems. Small wasps ofthe tribe Psennini andpemphredonini, and perhapsothers, make burrows in the pith ofcut stems and provision these withaphids and other insects, and tothis extent, are beneficial.


Apply as label directs.


Repeat applications may benecessary.


Repeated applications necessaryduring most seasons.

– 43 –



Juniper scale (Carulaspis juniperi).Scale is circular, white, and about 1/16inch in diameter. Causes twig die-backand foliage to turn brown.

Spider mites (Tetranychus spp.,Bryobia rubrioculus, Panonychuscitri). Small, yellowish, greenish, redor reddish brown 8-legged mites.

Aphids (Masonaphis spiraeae). Smallgreen aphids in twigs and undersidesof leaves. Problem in early summer.

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

malathion


acephate (Orthene)


*dicofol (Kelthane)



∆horticultural oil

insecticidal soap

*propargite (Omite)


acephate (Orthene)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)



malathion

Apply spray when scale crawlersbegin to appear (usually early June)and repeat again 3–4 weeks later(early to mid-July).




Dormant spray. Brown clover mite(Bryobia sp.) may be prevalentduring cool weather in spring andfall. P. citri appears to be mostimportant pest species.

Insecticidal soap may need to bereapplied several times.

For use only on nursery stock. Useonly CR formulation of Omite.

Spray when aphids are noticed.Repeat if necessary.

SEQUOIA (Redwood) (Sequoia)

SKIMMIA (Skimmia)

SPIREA (Spiraea)

– 44 –



Spider mites (Tetranychus spp.). Small,8-legged mites; color ranges fromyellow to reddish brown.

Snapdragon plume moth (Platypitiliaantirrhina). The small greenish larvaemine leaves. Later they feed on termi-nal leaves and bore into developingflowers and inside the stems. Adult is agrayish-brown moth with plumedwings and wingspread of 1/2 inch.

Spruce aphid (Aphis abietina). Small,dull green aphid that causes extremeneedle drop. Aphids appear early inseason about February (perhaps evenearlier) and may increase rapidlyduring March and April.

Cooley spruce gall adelgid (Adelgescooleyi). Has covering of white woollyexudate. Conelike galls formed at endsof twigs.

Douglas-fir tussock moth. (Orgyiapseudotsugata). Mature larvae areabout an inch long, hairy, gray or lightbrown with black heads. Several lightbrown or cream-colored tufts of hairon body. Defoliate trees.

Pine needle scale (Phenacaspispinifoliae). Elongate, flat, white scaleson leaves.

SPRUCE (Picea)

SPIREA (Spiraea) cont.*dicofol (Kelthane)


*propargite (Omite)





diazinon


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)



carbaryl (Sevin)

carbaryl (Sevin)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


Use Hexygon as label directs.

Use only CR formulations of Omite.For use on nursery stock only.



Caterpillars must eat B.t. for it towork. B.t. is a stomach poison, nota contact poison.

Apply as label directs.

Early-season control is key tosuccessful treatment. Usually bythe time damage is noticed, it istoo late for effective treatment.

Apply when new growth is unfold-ing in spring. Once galls areforming, spraying won’t help.Spraying in the fall, once gallsopen and before fall frosts, is also arecommended practice.

See Douglas-fir section for controlmeasures.

Spray when crawlers becomeactive in early or midsummer. Asecond application should bemade about 10 days later.

– 45 –



Pine needle scale cont.

Spider mites. (Tetranychus spp.).Spruce spider mite (Oligonychusununguis). Small, yellowish, greenishor reddish 8-legged mites.

Spruce budworm (Choristoneuraoccidentalis). Green to brown larvaeup to 1 inch long; attacks foliage andbuds of fir and spruce.

Spruce needle miner (Taniva alboli-neana). Small greenish brown mothlarvae. Cuts a hole near base of needleand mines interior. Dead needles andfrass are webbed together to form amat on twigs.

Spruce bud scale (Physokermespiceae). Females are semiglobularbrown and resemble buds. Abundanthoneydew is produced.

White pine weevil (Pissodes strobi). Adultis about 1/4 inch long, light to dark brown,prominent curved beak. Larvae kill ter-minal shoots and deform trees. Deadterminals often riddled with exit holes.

SPRUCE (Picea) cont.chlorpyrifos (Dursban)

diazinon

malathion

*dicofol (Kelthane)



insecticidal soap

*propargite (Omite)



carbaryl (Sevin)


carbaryl (Sevin)



carbaryl (Sevin)


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

lindane


Do not make more than twoapplications of Kelthane per season.Mites may be resistant to dicofol insome areas.


Use Hexygon as label directs.

Repeat applications are oftennecessary.

Use only CR formulation of Omite.For use only on nursery stock.

Apply insecticides in spring (May)when larvae are feeding on oldneedles and before they enterbuds. June-July applications willcontrol larvae on new growth.

Spray in summer when crawlersare present.


Remove and burn infested shoots.

– 46 –



SYCAMORE (Plantanus)Aphids. Small, soft-bodied insects thatsecrete honeydew and promote sootymold.

Bean aphid (Aphis fabae). Black aphidson undersides of leaves of speciesreferred to as “snowball.”

Root weevils (Otiorhynchus spp.).Small legless grubs in soil around rootswhich may be completely girdled.Adults notch edge of leaves.

Giant willow aphid (Lachnus salignis).Also other aphids. Large gray to gray-black aphid often found in largenumbers on twigs, branches, andtrunks. Legs generally light brown.Prominent black tubercle in center ofback with slightly smaller tubercle oneither side.

Poplar and willow borer(Cryptorhynchus lapathi). Adult is ablack and white beetle 3/8 inch long.Larvae are white, legless, and mine intrunk and limbs.

malathion

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

acephate (Orthene)



acephate (Orthene)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)



malathion

acephate (Orthene)

*bendiocarb




diazinon

malathion

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

acephate (Orthene)

lindane



Does not occur on Viburnumdavidii.

Spray monthly through the summerbeginning in June.


May become a nuisance aroundhomes when aphids collect onsides of house and crawl throughwindow openings. Thoroughapplication is essential for goodcontrol. Repeat applications maybe necessary.

Apply as label directs to brancheslate July/early August (or whenadults first noticed) and againabout mid-August.

VIBURNUM (Viburnum)

WILLOW (Salix)

– 47 –



Spiny elm caterpillar (Mourningcloakbutterfly) (Nymphalis antiopa). Adultis a large butterfly with purplish-brownwings bordered with a wide yellowstripe inside of which is a row of blueor purple spots. Larvae are purplish-black with row of orange or red spotsalong the back, brownish prolegs, andclothed with long forked spines.

Satin moth (Leucoma salicis). Adultmoth is satiny white. Larvae areapproximately 2 inches long whengrown, reddish brown with whitepatches on top and tufts of hair alongsides.

Willow gall sawfly. Larvae causereddish knobs on leaf surfaces. Dam-age usually of no importance.

Leafrollers, flea beetle, tent caterpillar,fall webworm, sawfly.

Black vine weevil (Otiorhyncussulcatus). Adults about 1/2 inch long.Black with light-colored flecks onabdomen.

Lecanium scale (Lecanium spp.).Turtle-shaped scales on twigs fromwinter through early summer. Oval,flat, brown scales on leaves during latesummer and early fall.

Cottony camellia scale. See descrip-tion under camellia.

WILLOW (Salix) cont.*carbaryl (Sevin) 50% WP




∆carbaryl (Sevin)



No controls registered.

∆*bendiocarb(Turcam)

*∆cyfluthrin (Tempo)

acephate (Orthene)



∆malathion

carbaryl (Sevin)

∆* bendiocarb

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

acephate (Orthene)


Also a pest of elm and poplar.Diazinon and malathion, registeredfor willow and elm, will giveadequate control.


Can seriously defoliate trees such ascottonwood, poplar, and willows.Occasionally attack oak and aspen.


See general section in back anduse only materials listed that areregistered on willow.

For control of larvae.

Repeat applications are oftennecessary to catch all the crawlers.Apply from mid-June to latesummer. One application is usuallyenough.

Applications largely control onlycrawlers, so timing is essential.

YEW (Taxus)

– 48 –


The following materials are registered for the control of the pests listed. They are not all registered for all of theplants on which these pests occur, and some may have phytotoxic effects on certain plants. Check the label to becertain the formulation you select is registered for the plant and pest that you plan to spray. Also, check beewarning page before using any of the materials listed.

Aphids. Soft-bodied, greenish yellowor black plant lice. Curl foliage, exudehoney-dew.

Bagworms. Small caterpillars that carryaround a case.

Bark beetles and other wood boringbeetles. Many bark beetles, long-horned beetles, and flat headed borerscause the ultimate decline of numeroustree species, both conifers and decidu-ous trees.

Blister beetles. Elongate beetles 1/2inch or more long. Generally black orgray in color. Defoliate plants.

acephate (Orthene)

diazinon


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


insecticidal soap

dimethoate (Cygon)

*disulfoton (Di-Syston)

malathion

*oxydemeton-methyl(Metasystox-R)


*bendiocarb

diazinon

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


No chemicals are registeredfor this use.

carbaryl (Sevin)

Some plants may be sensitive tocertain insecticides. Read theprecautions on label.

Not for foliar treatment.

Can be both a nuisance and a plantpest.

The presence of these beetles in atree usually indicates a tree underprior severe stress. The primaryfactor could have been drought,mechanical damage or some factorother than insect.

Ravenous feeders on many plants.Blister beetle larvae predaceous ongrasshopper eggs. Do not apply tobloom.

GENERAL PESTS—ORNAMENTALS


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Brown soft scale (Coccus hesperidum).Flat and brown, small—about 3/16inch long. When abundant, presenceindicated by sooty mold.

Carnation tortrix (Cacaecimorphapronubana). Active, dark green larvaeabout 3/8 to 1/2 inch long when mature,with a light brown to greenish brownhead. Adult has bright, light brown orreddish underwings, darker brownupper wings. Has a transverse band.

Carpenter worm or goatmoth(Prionoxystus robiniae). The larvae of alarge moth. Mature larvae are about 21/2inches long and somewhat pinkish. Theymine sapwood and heartwood of manytree species.

Cutworms, variegated cutworm(Peridroma saucia and other species).When full grown, worms are about 1inch in length, variable in color butusually brown or black.

Cyclamen mite (Steneotrasonemuspallidus). Mite is too small to be seenwithout magnification. Light tan tosemitransparent. Causes stunted,twisted, deformed stems, leaves, andflowers. On some plants buds becomediscolored and do not open.

carbaryl (Sevin)

diazinon

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

acephate (Orthene)

malathion


∆Bacillus thuringiensis


No chemicals registeredfor control of this pest.

carbaryl (Sevin)





*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


*dicofol (Kelthane)

*avermectin (Avid)

Especially on camellia, holly, anddaphne. Apply any time during warmweather. Spray thoroughly, especiallyundersides of leaves. Repeat applica-tions may be necessary.

Malathion is the least effective, but doesan adequate job at temperatures 70˚F orabove.

Out-of-doors the larvae are active year-round. In foreign countries it has beena serious pest of carnations and isfound on a wide range of hosts includ-ing apple, pear, and citrus.

Spray or bait; bait is recommended bymanufacturer.

Cutworms are generally difficult tocontrol with most chemicals when fullgrown. Cutworms must eat B.t. for it towork.

Several of these materials are deadly tobees. See bee warning page.

Use endosulfan sparingly until possiblephytotoxic effect can be determined.Primarily a greenhouse pest attacking anumber of plants including cyclamen,African violet, snapdragon, begonia,fuchsia, geranium, and others. Out-doors they may attack delphinium,azalea, dahlia, and snapdragon.


GENERAL PESTS—ORNAMENTALS cont.

– 50 –


Earwigs (Forficula auricularia). Darkbrown with pinchers at rear end. Oftenfeed in blossoms.

Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea).Large conspicuous tents in late summer.

Flea beetles and other leaf beetles.Small dark beetles that sometimes jump.

Grasshoppers (Melanoplus spp. mostcommon). Feed on foliage and blossoms.

Leafhoppers (Cicadellidea—severalspecies). Quick flying, elongate in-sects, slightly less than 1/4 inch long.Cause scratched or stippled effect andcurling of leaves.

Leafminers. Larval insects (usuallycaterpillars) whose feeding results intrail or blotch mines in leaves.

carbaryl (Sevin)

diazinon

*fluvalinate(Mavrik Aquaflow)


diazinon


acephate (Orthene)


*bendiocarb (Turcam)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)




carbaryl (Sevin)


Nosema locustae

∆malathion

diazinon

dimethoate (Cygon)

malathion


acephate (Orthene)

*avermectin (Avid)

azadirachtin (Azatin)

diazinon


Avoid using on tender foliage. Applyonly as spot treatment where earwigswill contact chemical. Best to apply inlate evening. Do not apply to bloom.

Apply as soon as webs appear. Repeatapplications may be necessary. Makesure tent is penetrated. See bee warn-ing page.

Apply when noticed. See bee warningpage.

Likely to be troublesome when vegeta-tion dries up in vacant lots adjacent togardens. See bee warning page.

A selective biological (Microsporidial)pathogen.

Leafhoppers are frequently a pest ofroses and Virginia creeper. Somespecies of leafhopper carry asteryellow virus. See bee warning page.

Use as label directs. See bee warningpage.

Marathon is restricted to greenhouseand nursery use only.



– 51 –


Leafminers cont.

Leafrollers (several spp.). Smallcaterpillers about 1/4-1/2 inch long,variously colored and thrash aboutviolently when disturbed.

Leaftiers. Small caterpillars which webleaves together and feed within.

Millipedes (several species of classDiplopoda, such as Diploiulus spp.and Julus spp.). “Thousand-leggedworms.” They feed on decayingorganic matter. May sometimes be aproblem in greenhouses.

Omnivorous leaftier (Cnephasialogana). Small, gray, black-spottedcaterpillars up to 5/8 inch long. Olderlarvae feed between 2 or 3 leaveswhich they have webbed together.

Oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi).Small, shaped like oyster shell.

Pearleaf blister mite (Eriophyes pyri).White, long-bodied, microscopicmites. Cause reddish or dark brownblister spots that may cover entireleaves of several tree species.

*permethrin


carbaryl (Sevin)


acephate (Orthene)


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)



diazinon

acephate (Orthene)

propoxur (Baygon)

carbaryl (Sevin)

diazinon

diazinon

acephate (Orthene)



∆diazinon

acephate (Orthene)

malathion

light summer oil

∆lime-sulfur

∆diazinon plus oil


Leafrollers must eat B.t.-treated foliageto be effective.


Use these sprays for spot treatmentonly around foundations or other areaswhere millipedes are present.

There are several other kinds ofleaftiers, but, in general, some controlcan be used. Early applications areessential. Repeat applications. See beewarning page.

Leaftier must eat treated foliage for B.t.to be effective. It is a stomach poison.


Spray oil as per label directions.

Spray in dormant season before budbreakin spring. Lime-sulfur discolors paint.

Apply as a delayed dormant oil.



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Root weevils (Otiorhynchus spp.).Adults 1/4 to nearly 1/2 inch long.Dark brown or black in color. Adultsnotch leaves. Larvae legless, white,grublike. Cause root injury; girdling ofstem at crown or below.

Scales (Lecanium and others). Soft orhard-shelled insects. May be flat,slightly raised or hemispherical. Cancause sooty mold. (Control should beaimed at crawlers. See Lecanium scalecontrol instructions under maple andseveral other hosts listed earlier.)

Slugs (mollusks, gray garden slug)(Deroceras reticulatum-most commonspecies). Ground-dwellers. Crawl upplants during night or wet weather. Maybe over 11/2 inches long. Leave slime trail.

Sowbugs (Porcellio spp.). Pillbugs(Armallidium spp.). Sowbugs belong tothe same class of animals as do crabsand shrimp, and breathe by means ofgills which must be kept moist. Thehard exoskeleton is composed of aseries of plates. They have 7 pairs oflegs. Sowbugs are gray, oval, and about1/2 inch long. Pillbugs are smaller andwhen disturbed roll up into a ball. Theyfeed mostly on decaying matter, but willdamage tender shoots of young plants.

Spider mites, Two-spotted mite(Tetranychus urticae), Spruce spidermites (Oligonychus ununguis), andother species. Several kinds of verysmall yellowish, greenish, or reddishbrown 8-legged mites. Loss of leafcolor and drying up of leaves whensevere. Sometimes webbing is evident.

acephate (Orthene)

*bendiocarb


carbaryl (Sevin)

dimethoate (Cygon)

acephate (Orthene)

malathion

horticultural oil

Baits containingmetaldehyde

carbaryl (Sevin)

diazinon

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)


*dicofol (Kelthane)



insecticidal soap


*avermectin (Avid)

*fenbutatin-oxide(Vendex)

Apply at first signs of feeding at monthlyintervals until first frost. See beewarning page.


Use according to label instructions.See bee warning page.

Apply in delayed dormant period.

Repeated applications are often neces-sary.

Diazinon or carbaryl are for spottreatment only around foundations orother areas where sowbugs are present.

Do not make more than two applica-tions of Kelthane per season.

Watch for appearance of spider miteson any plant to which Sevin has beenapplied.

Repeat applications are often necessary.


Use avermectin on woody ornamentalsonly.

Fenbutatin-oxide also comes in a homepesticide mix.

*For commercial use only; not for the general public.


– 53 –



GENERAL PESTS—ORNAMENTALS cont.Spider mites, Two-spotted mite, Sprucespider mites cont.

Spittlebugs, meadow spittlebug(Philaenus spumarius). Nymphs foundin mass of frothy material. Adultsgenerally brownish, about 1/4 inchlong. Tapered at each end.

Springtails (Collembola). Springtails aresmall, wingless insects about 1/5 inch orless long. They are often white, but somespecies are bluish, purplish, or yellowish.They feed on decaying organic matter, butmay damage young seedlings.

Symphylans (Scutigerella immaculata).Small white animals about 1/4 inch long.Live in soil; cause stunted and dying plants.

Tent caterpillar (Malacosoma spp.).Larvae up to 11/2 inches long and hairy.Two species occur here and include thewestern tent caterpillar and the foresttent caterpillar. See EB1106 for details.

Tenthredinidae (sawfly larvae), severalspecies. Small, up to 1/2 inch long,shiny and slimy, tadpole shaped.Skeletonize leaves.

Stinkbugs and lygus bugs. Brown togreen bugs from about 1/8 to 1/2 inchlong. Pierce plant tissue and sometimescause deformities.

*propargite (Omite)

∆*carbaryl (Sevin)


acephate (Orthene)

∆bendiocarb

∆insecticidal soap



Bacillus thuringiensis

carbaryl (Sevin)


diazinon


acephate (Orthene)

*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

∆malathion

diazinon

malathion

acephate (Orthene)

carbaryl (Sevin)


Use for commercial greenhouses ornurseries. Use only CR formulation ofOmite.See Omite label for cautions onphytotoxicity.

This is primarily an early-season pest,during April and May. See bee warningpage.

They may appear in extremely largenumbers around small puddles orplaces high in organic matter.

Overwintering eggs hatch in earlyspring about time leaves unfold. Bestresults obtained against small worms.Repeat applications may be necessary.See bee warning page.

Pear-slug common on pear, floweringcherries, and hawthorn. The yellowishgreen rose slug larvae sometimesabundant. See bee warning page.

See label for use directions. Not ahomeowner label.

– 54 –



GENERAL PESTS—ORNAMENTALS cont.Thrips (Frankliniella spp.). Elongate,very small-less than 1/6 inch long.Feed on leaves and blossoms.

Tussock moth. Colorful tufted cater-pillars that can cause serious defolia-tion of a variety of plants.

Webworms. Small to medium sizedcaterpillars that often produce copi-ous amounts of silk (webbing) whilefeeding to create tentlike structures.Includes silver spotted tiger moth.

Whiteflies, Greenhouse whitefly(Trialeurodes vaporariorum). Adult iswhite, very small; has the appearanceof a miniature moth. The immaturestages are flat, oval, white to greenish,and semitransparent. The eggs arewhite, laid singly on white, chalkyspot on lower leaf surface. For furtherdetails and control measures seeEB1349.

dimethoate (Cygon)

*azadirachtin (Azatin)



acephate (Orthene)

∆*avermectin (Avid)


*cyfluthrin (Tempo)

∆carbaryl (Sevin)

acephate (Orthene)


diazinon


diazinon

acephate (Orthene)


*bendiocarb



malathion

*endosulfan (Thiodan)

acephate (Orthene)

*naled (Dibrom)

*resmethrin

Repeat applications often necessary.

For exposed thrips.

As label directs.

See bee warning page. Apply asneeded.

Apply when noticed or when needed.

Webworms must feed on treatedfoliage for B.t. to work.


Primarily a greenhouse pest. Repeatedapplications 4 to 7 days apart are oftennecessary for good control. NOTE: Donot apply insecticides to poinsettiasafter color is showing in bracts.

Greenhouse use (a home label existsbut is restricted to outdoor use only).

This is a synthetic pyrethroid. Followlabel directions.

– 55 –

By Arthur Antonelli, Ph.D., Washington State University Cooperative Extension entomologist, WSU Puyallup; Sharon Collman,former WSU Cooperative Extension agent; and Dan Mayer, Ph.D., Research Entomologist, WSU Prosser.

Use pesticides with care. Apply them only to plants, animals, or sites listed on the label. When mixing and applying pesticides,follow all label precautions to protect yourself and others around you. It is a violation of the law to disregard label directions. Ifpesticides are spilled on skin or clothing, remove clothing and wash skin thoroughly. Store pesticides in their original containersand keep them out of the reach of children, pets, and livestock.

College of Agriculture and Home Economics

Washington State University Cooperative Extension bulletins contain material written and produced for public distribution. Youmay reprint written material, provided you do not use it to endorse a commercial product. Please reference by title and creditWashington State University Cooperative Extension.

Issued by Washington State University Cooperative Extension and the U.S. Department of Agriculture in furtherance of the Actsof May 8 and June 30, 1914. Cooperative Extension programs and policies are consistent with federal and state laws andregulations on nondiscrimination regarding race, sex, religion, age, color, creed, national or ethnic origin; physical, mental orsensory disability; marital status, sexual orientation, and status as a Vietnam-era or disabled veteran. Evidence of noncompli-ance may be reported through your local Cooperative Extension office. Trade names have been used to simplify information; noendorsement is intended. Revised September 2000. Subject codes 255, 257, 350. F

EB0826

COOPERATIVE EXTENSIONCOOPERATIVE EXTENSION

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INSECT AND MITE MANAGEMENT IN THE LANDSCAPE