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DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

UNIVERSITY OF KERALA

SYLLABUS OF M.A. DEGREE PROGRAMME IN

ISLAMIC HISTORY

(Under Credit and Semester System w.e.f 2017 Admissions)

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DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

UNIVERSITY OF KERALA

Programme Objectives:

The programme aims to give the students a knowledge about, Historiography, Historical

Method and Research Methodology in Social Science.

To familiarize the learners in the geographic, social, cultural, and religious background of

the pre and post Islamic Arabia and the life and teachings of Prophet Muhammad.

To understand the origin and development of an Islamic Republican state and the four

orthodox Caliphs in Islam.

To give an idea of the contribution of great Umayyads and Abbasids to the human world.

The programme focuses on the expansion of Muslim culture into Asia, Europe and African

continents.

To know the administrative setup and cultural contribution of Islamic Petty Dynasties in

East and the West.

To understand the great Ottoman Turkish rule and its role in the world history.

To learn about the different reformist and revivalist movements in Islam in different parts

of the world and their contribution to the society.

It is intended to provide the learner a comprehensive knowledge about the Islam in India,

and its contributions.

The programme is intended to give an outline of the role of Muslims in the freedom

Struggle for the independence of India.

To familiarise the students with the origin and spread of Islam in Kerala and the socio-

cultural and religious harmony in Kerala.

To know about the European colonialism and the emergence of modern Arab Muslim

States.

To give an awareness regarding the contemporary Muslim World and its issues.

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DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES M.A. DEGREE PROGRAMME IN ISLAMIC HISTORY

(Under Credit and Semester System w.e.f 2017 Admissions)

Structure of the Programme

Sem No.

Course Code

Name of the Course

Number of credits

I

Core Course ISH-C-411 ISH-C-412 ISH-C-413 ISH-C-414

Historical Method and Historiography Arab-Muslim Historiography Life and Times of the Holy Prophet Advent of the Islamic State-Pious Caliphs

4 4 4 4

II

Core Course ISH-C-421 ISH-C-422 ISH-C-423 ISH-C-424 ISH-C-425

Umayyads and the Abbasids Muslim Culture in Spain Islam in Africa- Fatimids to the Mamlukes The Ottoman Empire Islamic Philosophy and Theology – Sects and Trends

4 4 4 4 4

III

Core Course ISH-C-431 ISH-C-432 ISH-C-433

Islam in India-part I (Early Medieval India) Freedom Struggle and Indian Muslims Islam in Kerala

4 4 4

Internal Elective

ISH-E-434 ISH-E-435

Reform Movements in Islam Islam and Orientalism

4 4

IV

Core Course ISH-C-441 ISH-C-442

Islam in India-Part II (Later Medieval India) European Colonialism and the Emergence of Modern Arab-Muslim States

4 4

Internal Elective

ISH-E-443

Islamic Jurisprudence

4

Dissertation ISH-D-444

Project on Aspect of Islamic History

4

Extra Departmental Elective Courses

IV ISH-X- 441 The Modern West Asia 2

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Semester : I Course Code : ISH-C-411 Course Title : HISTORICAL METHOD AND HISTORIOGRAPHY Credits : 4 AIM : The course intends to familiarise the students with the theory and methodology specific to history. It introduces many prominent historians belonging to ancient, medieval and modern ages, and in the process teaches the students what constitutes history writing. It also enables the students to get a deep insight into the fundamental principles to be observed in history writing. OBJECTIVES : The course, apart from giving the definition, nature and scope of history, will make a comparative study of history and other social sciences. Special emphasis will be given to analyse the contribution of historians of the ancient and medieval period together with that of the European schools. Some emphasis on the concepts of Research Methodology may be given. COURSE CONTENT Module I : Nature and Scope of History, Definition, History and its relation to other Social Sciences –

Political Science – Economics – Sociology and Geography. Module II : Ancient Historiography, Greek Historiography, Herodotus, Thucydides. Roman

Historiography, Cato the Censor, Livy, Cornelius Tacitus. The Character of Greeco-Roman Historiography.

Module III: Medieval Christian Historiography, St. Augustine. Characteristic features of Church Historiography.

Module IV: Modern Historiography, European Schools. Enlightenment , Romanticist and Positivist Historiography, Edward Gibbon. Decline and fall of Roman Empire. Arnold Toyenbee, A Study of History, Challenge and Response Mechanism, Withdrawal and Return, Self - annihilation. Karl Marx, Dialetical Materialism, Historical Materialism.

Module V : Leopold Von Ranke. History of the Latin and Teutonic Nations. Giambattista Vico, New Science of Humanity. George Wilhelm Frierich Hegel, The Phenomenology of Mind, Science of logic, Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Philosophy of Right.

Module VI : Concepts of Research Methodology. Methods of Data Collection, Observation Method, Interview Method, Questionnaires. Primary Data, Secondary Data, Quotations, Footnotes and Bibliography.

REFERENCES

Anderson, Janathan; Durston, Berry H; Poole, Millicent, Thesis and assignment writing, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1970

Bentley,Michael, Modern Histography : an introduction, Routledge London, 1999 Carr, EH, What is history, Penguin books, New Delhi, 1987 Collingwood,RG, The idea of history, Oxford university press, Delhi, 1946 Dasgupta, Arjun, Methodology of Indian historical writings in modern India 1850-1975, Kunal books, New

Delhi, 2013 Sheik Ali,B, History : its theory and method, Macmillan Indian, Madras, 1978 Sreedharan,E, A manual of historical Research Metholdology, The Centre for South Indian Studies,

TVM, 2007 Toynbee,Arnold, A Study of history, Thames and hudson press, Oxoford, 1972 Webster,JCB, Studying history, Macmillan India ltd, Delhi, 1997.

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Semester : I Course Code : ISH-C- 412 Course Title : ARAB - MUSLIM HISTORIOGRAPHY Credits : 4 AIM : This course aims to familarise the students with the contributions of Arab Muslim historiography giving special attention to the scientific methods developed by Arab historians like Tabari and Ibn Khaldun. By studying the works of medieval Indian historians and Kerala historians the students will understand the influence of Arab historical writings on latter day scholars. Through highlighting the historical relevance of Quran and Hadith this paper helps the students to realise the validity of the Texts as academic sources so that the approach will become more scientific

OBJECTIVES : The course will help the students to acquaint with the historiographicial discussion on the writings of early and medieval forms of Arab – Muslim history. The module will help to explore the connection between general debates on historiography and Arab history. The detailed discussion on Ibn Khaldun’s philosophy of history is the highlight of this paper. The students will be introduced to the contributions of medieval Kerala Muslim historians to enable them to understand its historical validity. . The student will have a firm grounding in the origins and development of early Arabic historiography. The student should also be aware of the manuscript tradition of the texts and their importance as sources for the history of the period. In addition, the student will have acquired a firm understanding of the forms and functions of narrative in classical Arabic prose literature.

COURSE CONTENT Module I : Historical Consciousness in Pre-Prophetic Arabia, Quran as the Source of History, Hadith

literature and its historical value, Isnad Criticism, Qur’an and Hadith as primary sources. Module II : Genealogy as a Source of Arab Historiography, The Categories of Arab form of History:

Sirah- Biographies of the Prophet, The Khabar History as an early source, Tabaqat literature. Module III : Life and Contributions of Early Historians : Muhammed ibn Ishaq Omar al Waqidi,Ibn

Hisham, Ibn Saad, Ibn Jarir al Tabari, al Masudi. Module IV : Life and works of Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Khaldun’s Philosophy of History, Significance of

Muqaddima in the writings of History. Module V : Life and Works of Amir Khusrau, ZiauddinBarani, Abu Raihan al Biruni, Kitabul Hind,

Abdul QadirBadauni, AbulFazal. Module VI : Shaikh ZainuddinMakhdum, Relevance of TuhfatulMujahideen in the writings of Kerala

History, KhaziMuhammed Abdul Azeez, Fathul Mubeen. REFERENCES

Faruqi,Nisar Ahmed, Early Muslim Histography, Idarah-I Adabiyat-I Delhi, 1979 Makhdoom, Sheikh Zainuddeen, Tuhfatul mujahideen, Al-Huda book stall, Kozhikode, 1995 Margoliouth, D S, Lectures on Arabic historians, Idarah-I Adabiyat-I Delhi, New Delhi, 1930 Robinson,Chase, Islamic Historiography, Cambridge University Press Oxford, 2003 Rublack, Ulinka Ed., Concise Companion to History, Oxford university Press, Oxford, 2012 Samiuddin,A : Singh,NK, Encyclopaedic Historiography of the Muslim World Vol:3 N- Z, Global

vision publishing house Delhi, 2003 Siddiqi, Iqtidar Husain, Indo-Persian Historiography up to the thirteenth century, Primus books,

New Delhi, 2010

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Semester : I Course Code : ISH-C-413 Course Title : LIFE AND TIMES OF THE HOLY PROPHET Credits : 4 AIM : The course aims to familiarize students in the geography of Arabian Peninsula, its climate and the Jahiliyyah days of pre- Islamic times. It also throws light to the life of Holy Prophet and his mission. OBJECTIVES : The course makes awareness among students in the geography of Arabia, its people, tribal life and culture, religious beliefs and social system prevailed in the pre- Islamic days. It also opens light on the early career of the Prophet, the days of the Prophethood, troubled days in Makkah and Hijrah to Madina. In the Madinite life of the Prophet, the course describes in detail the defensive wars he led, the administrative set up he laid on, the religious teachings he imparted and the ideal society he framed. COURSE CONTENT Module I : The Semitics: Ethnic relationship, Relations with Sumerians and Babylonians, Assyrian

penetration, Neo-Babylonian and Persian relations-contacts with Hebrews, Biblical association, Roman expeditions.

Module II : Tribal system, The Jahiliyyah days, Arabic language and its influence, The Heroic age, Poetry-the Ode in the classical period, The Mua’llaqat, The pre- Islamic poets, MakkanKa’bahas a religious and commercial center, The Quraish, Hajj, Ukaz.

Module III : Muhammad, The Prophet of Allah: Life before Prophethood, Hashimite tradition, Prophethood-His mission in Makkah and Madina, Quraish attitude – Migration to Abyssinia, Pledge of Aqabah, Hijrah.

Module IV : Battle of Badr, Uhud, Khandaq, Conquest of Makkah, Major treaties and covenants - Madina Charter, Treaty of Hudaibiyah, Relations with Jews, Persia and Byzantine, Year of Delegations, The Farewell Pilgrimage, Demise of the Prophet.

Module V : Dogmas and Beliefs-Iman, Tauhid, Risalat, Wahy, Resurrection, Taqdir, Salah, Sawn, Zakat, Fasting and Hajj in Islamic Society- Principles of Unity.

Module VI : Equality, Brotherhood in Islamic Society, Jihad or Holy War, Rights and Duties of Parents, Children, Women, Poor – Role of family in Islamic Society and State.

REFERENCES

Ahmad,Barakat, Muhammad and the Jews : a re-examination, Vikas publishing house New Delhi, 1979

Armstrong, Karen, Muhammad: Prophet for our time, Harper press, London, 2006 Emerick, Yahiya, The life and work of Muhammed, Alpha Books, Indianapolis, 2002 Guillaume,A, LIfe of Muhammad, Oxford university press Oxford, 1955 Haykal, Muhammad Husayn, Life of Muhammad, Crescent publishing, Aligarh, 1976 Hitti,PK, History of the Arabs, Macmillan publisher London, 1970 Numani,Allama Shibli, Sirat-Un-Nabi; the life of the prophet, Vol.5, Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi,

2000 Rodison,Maxime, Mohammed, Penguin booksNey York, 1961 Syed,Ameer Ali, Short history of the Saracens, Kutub khana Ishayat-ul-Islam Delhi, 1979 Watt,WM, Muhammad : Prophet and Statesman, Oxford University Press London, 1961.

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Semester : I Course Code : ISH-C-414 Course Title : ADVENT OF THE ISLAMIC STATE – PIOUS CALIPHS Credits : 4 AIM : The course intends to introduce students to the four pious Caliphs and the efforts they made for the survival of Islamic faith. It intends to provide an insight into the system of administration under them, apart from giving an estimate of each of them. It also aims to shed light on the degradation of caliphate due to various schisms and divisions within the Islamic community and polity. OBJECTIVES : The course gives a comprehensive and descriptive analysis of the lives and times of the four pious caliphs. For this one module is devoted exclusively for one caliph. The estimate of each pious caliph would enable the students to have a comparative study of the four caliphs. COURSE CONTENT Module I: The Caliphate, Concept, Historical evolution of the Caliphate, features of the Islamic

Caliphate, election, Shura, oath of allegiance. Module II: Abu Bakr, early life, election to the Caliphate, the inaugural address , challenges, apostasy

movement and Riddah Wars, False Prophets, military achievements, war with Persians and Romans, compilation of the Quran. Estimate.

Module III: Umar, accession to the Caliphate, Conquest of the Byzantine, Persian territories, Syria,Iraq, Egypt. Consolidation of the empire. Administrative reforms, the Shurah, Baith ul Mal, creation of the post of Qadi, introduction of Hijrah calendar, pension system, census, prison system. Model administrator, Estimate.

Module IV: Uthman, accession to the Caliphate, Administrative and socio-territorial expansion. Discontent and sedition, the causes of discontent, standardization of the Quran. Assassination of Uthman, Its consequences. Estimate.

Module V: Ali, accession, battle of Jamal, Political instability in the State, Change of Capital, The Battles of Jamal and Siffin, The struggle between Ali and Muawiyah. origin of Kharijites and Shias. Assassination of Ali and its consequences.

Module VI: Administration under the Pious Caliphs, system of election, revenue administration, provincial administration, military, police, navy. Social condition, Dhimmis. Causes of the decline of the Pious Caliphate. Caliphate to Mulukiyat.

REFERENCES

Ahmad, Fazl, Ali: the fourth Caliph of Islam, Shaikh Muhammad Ashraf, Lahore, 1958 Arnold,Thomas W, The Caliphate, Adam publishers and distributors, New Delhi, 1992 Bahadur, Sadar Yar Jung; Sherwani, Muhammed Habibur Rahman Khan, M, Life of Abu Bakr :

the first Caliph of Islam, Adam publishing and distributors, New Delhi, 1931 Fidai,Rafi Ahmed, Hadrat Umar bin Al-Khattab (R.A.A.) the second caliph of Islam, Royal

Publishers Delhi, 1995 Hitti,PK, History of the Arabs, Macmillan publisher London, 1970 Nabi, Ghulam, Khilafat-O-mulukait: a critical study, Adam publishers and distributors, New

Delhi, 2009 Holt, PM( Ed), Cambridge history of Islam: Vol:2A, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,

1970 Husain, S A, Glorious caliphate, Islamic research and publications, Lucknow, 1974.

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Semester : II Course Code : ISH-C- 421 Course Title : UMAYYADS AND THE ABBASIDS Credits : 4 AIM : The course aims to familiarize the students on the great Muslim civilization flourished from the 7th to 10th centuries A.D when the west was enveloped in darkness. The two dynasties, Umayyad and Abbasid presented the best civilizations the world ever has witnessed. OBJECTIVES : The course covers the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties and their powerful rulers. The cultural, administrative and intellectual contributions are depicted with specific remarks under Umayyads. In an in-depth study regarding the greatest glory of Bagdad city under Abbasids in Art, Science, Literature, Theology, Jurisprudence and Architecture is included. COURSE CONTENT Module I : Muawiyya and the establishment of the Umayyad dynasty, the Model of Arab Sovereign.

Abdul Malik and his reforms. Walid I and the expansion of the Caliphate, Conquest of India, North Africa and South-Western Europe. Umar ibn Abdul Aziz (Umar II) and his religious views . Social and Economic life, Administration.

Module II : Al Busrah and al Kufa, Arabic Grammar, Religious Tradition and Canon Law, Development of Historiography. Kharijites, Murjites, Shiites.

Module III : Poetry, Education, Science, Alchemy – Development of Architecture : the Mosque of al-Madina and the Dome of the Rock, the Aqsa Mosque, the Umayyad Mosque, Palaces, Painting, Music.

Module IV: Abbasid Revolt, Nature and Causes. Contributions of Al-Mansur, Harun-Al-Rasheed, Al-Mamun. Islamic society during the Abbasids, Ruling class, Christians, Dhimmis, Nestorians, Jews, Sabians, Islamisation of the Empire, Rise and fall of Barmakids, Baith-ul- Hikmah, the Mu’tazila.

Module V: Medicine : Ali al Tabari, al- Razi, Al-Majusi, Ibn Sina, philosophy: al- Kindi, al-Farabi,Astronomy, mathematics, al- Batani, al-Baruni, Umar al Khayam. Astrology, Arabic Numerals: Al Khawarismi, Alchemy: al Jahis, Geography, Historiography: al Tabari, al Masudi, the Science of Hadith.

Module VI: Jurisprudence, the Four Orthodox Schools, Shaafi, Hanafi, Hambali, Maliki, the Arabian Nights, Education, Development of Fine Arts

REFERENCES

Bakhsh,SK, The Arab Civilization, Idarah-I Adabiyat-I Delhi, 1925 Engineer, Asghar Ali, The Islamic State, Vikas, New Delhi, 1980 Hitti,PK, History of the Arabs, Macmillan publisher London, 1970 Hourani,Albert, History of the Arab peoples, Warner Books New York, 1991 Husain, S A, Glorious Caliphate, Islamic Research and Publications, Lucknow, 1974 Husaini,SAQ, Arab Administration, Sh.Muhammad Ashraf Lahore, 1961 Levy, Adrain; Scott-Clark, Cathy, The Meadow: the Kashmir kidnapping that changed the face of modern

terrorism, Penguin Books, New Delhi, 2012 Lewis,Bernard, The Arabs in History, Goodword books London, 2003 Mahmud, S F, Short history of Islam, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1988 Philip K Hitti: History of the Arabs S.A.O. Husaini: The Arab Administration. Siddique, M, Development of Islamic state and society

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Semester : II Course Code : ISH-C- 422 Course Title : MUSLIM CULTURE IN SPAIN Credits : 4 AIM : The course aims to introduce to the students the history of the conquest of Spain by the Muslims and the achievements of Muslim rule. It intends to convey to the students the intellectual contributions of Muslims in Spain and how they brought about renaissance in Europe. It also intends to teach them various factors which brought about the decline and destruction of Muslim rule in Spain. OBJECTIVES : The course gives the history of Muslim Spain from the Muslim coquet to the decline and destruction of Muslim rule. Emphasis is given to the scientific and literary progress achieved by Spain during the period of Muslim rule. It also familiarizes the students will the various Muslim rulers who contributed to the over-all development of Muslim. COURSE CONTENT Module I : The conquest of Spain, Spain on the eve of the Muslim Conquest, weakness of Visgiothic

Spain, Tariq ibn Ziyad and Musa ibn Nusayr. Module II : The Ummayyad Amirate in Spain, Abdul Rehman I, battle of Masarah, rising of the Arab

chief Abdul Rehman II, raids of the Christian tribesmen, synod of the Ecclesiastics. Module III : Abdul Rehman III, raids on the Christians, defeat of Cordova, defeat of Sancho, Al Hakkam

II, submission of Sancho, Africa expedition, establishment of schools. Module IV : Political, economic and educational institutions, industry, Agriculture, Trade, Educational Activity. Module V : Causes of the Decline and destruction, Decline of Muslim rule in Spain, political instability,

failure to de-trabalise the governmental system, feudalism, Muslim family system, position of Muslim women, kinship society ethnic divisions minority government expansionist strategies of the Iberian and European Christians.

Module VI : Scientific and literary Progress, Intellectual Contributions, Educations, Historiography, Geography, astronomy, Mathematics, Botany, Medicine, Philosophy, Art and Architecture.

REFERENCES

Akbar Abadi, Maulana Saeed, Rise and fall of Muslims: from the pious Caliphs to Abbasid Spain and mohal Dynasties, Adam publishers and distributors, New Delhi, 2005

Asgar Bakhavi, Ali, Muslim Spain Sampoorna Charithram, Olive publications, Kozhikode, 2008 Harvey, L P, Islamic Spain: 1250-1500, University of Chicago press, Chicago, 1990 Harvey, L P, Muslims in Spain: 1500 to 1614, University of Chicago press, Chicago, 2005 Helling, Jocelyn, Holocaust and antisemitism: a short history, Oneworld, Oxford, 2003 Hourani,Albert, History of the Arab peoples, Warner Books New York, 1991 Lapidus, Ira M, Islamic societies to the nineteenth centuary: a global history, Cambridge university

press,New Delhi, 2012 Lewis,Bernard, The Arabs in History, Goodword books London, 2003. Masudul Hassan Khan Sabri, Sahibzada, History of Muslim Spain, Adam publishers and distributors, New

Delhi, 2004 Rahman, Syed Azizur, Story of Islamic Spain, Goodword books, New Delhi, 2013 Sabai, Mustafa, Some glittering aspects of the Islamic civilization, Hindustan publications, New Delhi,

1983 Soman, Karoor, Spain: Kalapporinte Nadu, Mathurubhumi Books, Kozhikode, 2015 Taqi Usmani, Mohammed, Spain theerangalil, Bahjath publications, Kozhikkode, 2001

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Semester : II Course Code : ISH-C- 423 Course Title : ISLAM IN AFRICA: THE FATIMIDS TO THE MAMLUKES Credits : 4 AIM : The Course aims to familiarize students with some of the significant Muslim dynasties spread out in Africa in between the disintegration of Abbasid Empire and emergence of the Ottoman Empire. OBJECTIVES : The course describes the spread of Islam in Africa during the period of Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties under its powerful rulers. The rise of three powerful dynasties viz..Fatimids, Ayyubids and the Mamlukes, their contribution in science, culture, arts and architecture are discussed in the course. COURSE CONTENT Module I : Spread of Islam in Africa, conquest of Egypt under Muawiyya, Uqba ibn Nafi. Walid I, Musa

ibn Nusyr. Social life of Muslims in Africa. Module II : The Fatimids. Africa in Abbasid time, Rise of Fatimids. Scientific and Cultural progress,

Arts and Architecture, Al-Azhar University and its importance. Module III : The Ayyubids, Zangids, Nuruddin Zangi, Shirkuh, origin and development, Syria,

Damascus, Sultan Salahuddin Ayyubi, conquests, crusades, Society and Institutions. Module IV : The Crusades, causes, course, conquest of Edessa, expedition of Egypt, Salahudeen Ayubi,

Battle of Hittin, Jerusalem. Results, the role of Crusades in the cultural discussion of East and West.

Module V : The Mamlukes. Establishment of the Mamluk Rule and its distinguishing features, Burji Mamlukes, Bahri Mamlukes, Conquest against Mongols, decline, political condition under the Mamlukes.

Module VI : Intellectual Contributions Under Mamlukes, Contribution to science and literature, Colleges and Hospitals, Development of Arts and Architecture.

REFERENCES

Al-Sayyid Marsot, Afaf Lutfi, Short history of modern Egypt, Cambridge university Press, Cambridge, 1985

Arnold,Thomas W, The Caliphate, Adam publishers and distributors, New Delhi, 1992 Black,Antony, History of Islamic political thought : from the prophet to the present, Edinburgh university

press Edinburg, 2001 Fahad, Obaidullah, Redefining Islamic political thought: a critique in methodological perspective, Serials

publications, New Delhi, 2006 Hiro, Dilip, Inside the middle east, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1982 Holt, PM Ed, Cambridge history of Islam: Vol: 1A, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1970 Husaini,SAQ, Arab Administration, Sh.Muhammad Ashraf Lahore, 1961 Jain, M S, Muslim political identity, Rawat Publications, New Delhi, 2005 Karpat, Kemal H, Ed, Political and social thought in the contemporary middle east, Praeger Publishers,

New York, 1982 Qayyum, Shah Abdul, Egypt reborn: a study of Egypt`s freedom movement 1945-52, S Chand, New Delhi,

1973 Syed,Ameer Ali, Short history of the Saracens, Kutub khana Ishayat-ul-Islam Delhi, 1979 Zubaida, Sami, Islam the people and the state: political ideas and movements in the middle east, I B Tauris,

London, 2010

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Semester : II Course Code : ISH-C-424 Course Title : THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE Credits : 4 AIM : The Course aims to have a basic understanding of the history of the Ottoman Empire from the Conquest of Constantinople to the era of Young Turk Revolution. The students will be able to assess global, imperial and internal factors that shaped Ottoman imperial history. The course enhances the students to be capable of determining the extent to which external and internal factors undermined the Ottoman supremacy. It also makes the students to be able to review diplomatic relations and conflicts with its neighbours. OBJECTIVES : This paper assesses mainly the middle period of Ottoman history, in which the empire adjusted its political, economic and cultural practices to accommodate a state both enlarged by the inclusion of the Arab world and challenged by financial and military difficulties. Topics will include: Rise and expansion of the Empire, Ottoman institutions, Ottoman empire as imperial power, decline of the empire and the era of the Young Ottomans. The course will pay particular attention to imperial relations with the neighbours, its economy and society. COURSE CONTENT Module I : Ottoman Origins and development, Age of the Gazis, Muhammed I. Module II : Historical stamping of Ottomans, Muhammad II, Capture of Constantinople, Sulaiman the

Magnificent. Module III : The Sultan, Military, The Muslim Institution, Ulema - Judicial Institutions, Non-Muslim

subjects, Millet system, foreign subjects in the Empire. Module IV : The Conquest of Egypt, East European campaigns, The Siege of Vienna, The Balkans,

Naval Activities. Module V : The political and military factors of decline, Weak Sultans-Wars with Russia and Austria -

Treaty of Capitulations, Rebellious Provinces. Module VI : Sultan Abdul Hamid II and his Despotism, The Young Turks, The Committee of Union and

Progress. REFERENCES

Deedat, Ahmed, Arab and Israel: conflict or conciliation, Adam publishers distributors, New Delhi, 2006

Hiro, Dilip, Inside the Middle East, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1982 Hourani, Albert, Emergence of the Modern Middle East, Macmillan press, London, 1981 Hourani, Albert, Europe and the Middle east, Macmillan press, London, 1980 Karpat, Kemal H, Ed, Political and social thought in the contemporary middle east, Praeger

Publishers, New York, 1982 Kirk, George E, Short History of Middle East: from the Rise of Islam to Modern Times, Surjeet

publications, New Delhi, 1980 Ochsenwald,William, The Middle East : a history , Mc Graw Hill Boston, 1979 Robins, Philip, Middle East: A beginners guide, One world, Oxford, 2010 Roded Ruth, Ed, Women in Islam and the Middle East, I.B. Tauris publishers London, 1999 Shaw, Stanford J; Shaw, Ezel Kural, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Vol.2,

reform revolution and republic : the rise of Modern Turkey, 1808-1975, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1976

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Semester : II Course Code : ISH-C-425 Course Title : ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY – SECTS AND TRENDS Credits : 4 AIM : This course is intended to provide the students with a basic historical overview of the trends and sects in Islam. It is also intended to appreciate and come to understand the various dimensions of Islamic theology and philosophy and how the scholastic debates ended up in the emergence of different sects in Islam. The attempt is to trace the context of these debates so that the students will get a clear picture about the origin and growth of sects and movements in Islam at different junctures of history. OBJECTIVES : It would be useful but not essential to know something about the study of theology as applied to other religious traditions as well and hence should appeal to students in theology and other social sciences as well. The module begins by discussing the historical context of the beginning of sectarianism in Islam. The paper discusses the contributions of great philosophers and theologians by analyzing how different Muslim thinkers approached the scholastic debates. The tradition of this debate influenced the scholars in Indian sub continent also which is included in the last module of the paper. COURSE CONTENT Module I: The Beginning of Sectarianism,The Beginning of Difference of opinion, The Kharijites as the

first sect, their Doctrines, The Azraqites and the Najdites as two important groups of the Khariji sect.

Module II: The Shiites, Origin and Development of Shiism. Doctrines of Shiism,The Shia-Sunni conflict and Polarization. The Ithna Ashariyya or Twelvites

Module III: Sects in Islam: The Mutazilites, The Rationalist Approach of Mutazilites – A brief profile of Qadarites, Murjites,

Module IV: Asharites, Abul Hasan al Ashari as the theoretician of Sunnism, The Aspects of Sunnite Consolidation, The Progress of Asharite Theology, The Role of Al Ghazali in the Development of Asharite theology.

Module V: Early Islamic Philosophers,The Contributions of Medieval Islamic theologians and Philosophers like Al Kindi, Al Farabi, Al Razi, Ibn Seena, Ibn Rushd, Al Ghazali..

Module VI : Sects and Divisions in India, Shia Sects, Indian Islmail’s, Agha Khanis, Bohras, The Ahmadis,Deobandis and Barelvis.

REFERENCES

Abdul Hakim, Khalifa , Islamic Ideology, Institute of Islamic Culture, Lahore, 1961 Al- Ghazali; Watt, William Montgomery, Tr, Faith and Practice of Al- Ghazali, One world, Oxford, 1994 Ali Nadwi, S Abdul Hasan, Muslims in India, Islamic Research and Publications, Lucknow, 1976 Engineer, Asghar Ali, Bohras, Vikas, New Delhi, 1980 Hanifi,Manzoor Ahmad, A Survey of Muslim Instituions and Culture, Kitab Bhavan New Delhi, 1962 Quari,Muhamed Sarfaraz Husain, Islaminte Sowndaryam, Ameen publications Thichur, 1982 Sadr, Muhammed Baqir, Our Philosophy, IBT, Kuala Lumpur, 2009 1961 Sharif, M M, History of Muslim philosophy, Vol.1, Low price publications, New Delhi, 1961 Watt, William Montgomery, Formative period of Islamic thought, One world, Oxford,England, 2006 Watt, William Montgomery, Islamic Political Thought, Edinburgh university press, Edinburg, 2007 Watt,William Montgomery, Companion to the Quran, Oneworld Oxford, 1967 Watt,William Montgomery, Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Edinburgh university press Edinburg, 2004

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Semester : III Course Code : ISH-C- 431 Course Title : ISLAM IN INDIA – PART I (Early Medieval India) Credits : 4 AIM : The course intends to provide the students awareness about the glorious history of early medieval India and develop among the students an interest to learn the early phase of Muslim era and their contribution to Indian history. The course is mainly focused on the Sultanate period. OBJECTIVES : The course specifies the background related to the arrival and spread of Islam to India. It emphasizes the emergence of various movements and organizations during the period. The course starting from the period of Indo-Arab trade links before the rise of Islam, passes through the periods of the Ghaznavids, Ghoris and the Delhi Sultanate, and ends with the various reasons for the decline of the Sultanate. COURSE CONTENT Module I : Indo-Arab Trade links before the Rise of Islam, Invasion of Sindh by Muhammad ibn Qasim-

Its effects, Religion and Society in India on the eve of Turkish conquest. Module II : The Turkish conquest of North India, Mohammad ibn Ghazni, Mohammad ibn Ghore-

Ghazni’s invasions, Somanath Temple Issue, Mohammad ibn Ghore’s invasions, Battle of Tarrain, Turkish conquest of the Gangetic Valley, Bihar and Bengal – Administrations.

Module III : The Mamluk Sultans, Struggle for the establishment of strong monarchy, Era of Iltutmish (1200-1236), Razia Sultana (1236-1239), Balban (1246-1284).

Module IV : The Khiljis (1290-1320) and The Tughlaqs (1320-1412) – The Mangols and the problems of the North West Frontier, Balban’s reforms and administration, Market control and Agrarian Policy of Alauddin, Muhammad ibn Tughlaq’s experiments – Nobility and their position under Delhi Sultanate.

Module V : Causes of disintegration- Firoz Shah Tughlaq and his successors, Ulama and the Nobles, Impact in Indian society and culture, Bhakti Movement and Sufi Orders

Module VI : Administration and reforms, Art and Architecture-under the Delhi Sultanate, Development of Historiography: Amir Khusrau, Ziauddin Berani

REFERENCES

Banerjee, Anil Chandra, History of Medieval India, S Chand, New Delhi, 1990 Bartold, V V, Cultural History of the Muslims, Mittal publication, New Delhi, 1986 Jackson, Peter, Delhi Sultanate: a political and Military History, Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge, 1999 Kumar, Sunil, Emergence of the Delhi Sultanate 1192-1286, Permanent black, New Delhi, 2010 Mahajan, Vidya Dhar, Delhi Sultanate 712AD - 1526 AD, S Chand, New Delhi, 1984 Munshi, K M, Delhi Sultanate, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay, 1960 Pandey, Vinod Chand; Lal, Vinod Behari, History of Delhi Sultanate, Prakashan Kendera,

Lucknow, 1981 Sharma, L P, The Sultanate of Delhi 700-1526 A.D., Konark Publishers, New Delhi, 1988 Sharma, Sudha, Status of Muslim Women in Medieval India, Sage publications, New Delhi, 2016 Spear, Percival, History of Delhi under the later Mughuls, Low price publications, New Delhi,

1951

14

Semester : III Course Code : ISH-C-432 Course Title : FREEDOM STRUGGLE AND INDIAN MUSLIMS Credits : 4

AIM : The course intends to familiarise the students with the history of Indian freedom struggle and our great freedom fighters. It also intends to shed light on the part played by Muslims in India's freedom struggle. It aims to inculcate among the students the real worth of freedom.

OBJECTIVES : The course gives a detailed account of the 1857 Revolt, the role played Sir Syed Ahmed Khan for the regeneration of Indian Muslims and his attitude towards the Indian National Congress. It also analyses the relationship between Indian National Congress and the All India Muslim League at various stages of the freedom movement, and shows how it ultimately led to the partition of the country. Special emphasis is given to the role of Muslims in the freedom struggle.

COURSE CONTENT Module I : 1857 Revolt and the End of the Mughal Empire, Mangal Pandey, Major Husson, Barrackpore,

Bahadur Shah II, Nana Sahib, Kanwar Sigh, Rani Jhansi. Causes of the failure Module II: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, British-Muslim Reconciliation, Aligarh Movement, Muslim

Educational Conference, Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College, Sir Syed’s attitude towards Indian National Congress.

Module III: Foundation of Indian National Congress, Lord Curzon, Partition of Bengal, Attitudes of the Hindus and Muslims towards the partition, Hindu-Muslim riots, Swedeshi Movement.

Module IV : The Simla Deputation, The foundation of All India Muslim League, Minto-Morley Reforms, Lucknow Pact, Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, Jamiat-ul-Ulama, Khilafat Movement and Non Co-operation Movement.

Module V : Simon Commission, Nehru Report and 14 points of Jinnah, The Act of 1935-1937 Elections, Mass Contact Programme, Pirpur Report, The Lahore Resolution.

Module VI : Cripps Proposals, The Simla Conference, The Cabinet Mission, The Interim Government, Indian Independence Act of 1947, Creation of India and Pakistan-August 1947, Role of Muslims in the Freedom Struggle, Muslim leaders of the Freedom Struggle

REFERENCES

Allana,G, Eminent Muslim Freedom Fighters 1562 -1947 : Twenty One Great Lives, Neeraj publishing house Delhi, 1983

Grover,Verinder : Arora,Ranjana, India fifty years of Independence 1 : towards independence the pre - 1947 period, Deep & deep Publications New Delhi, 1997

Ikram, S M, Indian Muslims and Partition of India, Atlantic publishers, New Delhi, 1992 Muhammad, Shan, Ed., Aligarh Movement: Basic Documents 1864-1898 Vol.1, Meenakshi prakashan,

New Delhi, 1978 Muhammad, Shan, Muslims and India's Freedom Movement, Institute of Objective Studies, New Delhi,

2002 Panikkar,KM, Survey of Indian History, Asia Publishing House New Delhi, 1963 Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, Ed., Nationalist Movement in India: a Reader, Oxford university press, New

Delhi, 2013 Sharma, Kamalesh, Role of Muslims in Indian politics 1857 – 1947, Inter - India publications, New Delhi,

1985

15

Semester : III Course Code : ISH-C- 433 Course Title : ISLAM IN KERALA Credits : 4

AIM : The course aims at familiarising the students with the factors which favoured for the origin and spread of Islam in Kerala. It provides a picture of the harmonious conditions prevailed in Kerala which helped the growth of a composite culture in Kerala. It also intends of familiarise the students with the role played by the Mappilas in the anti- colonial and freedom struggles in Kerala.

OBJECTIVES : The course gives a comprehensive and descriptive analysis of the origin and spread of Islam in Kerala. Special emphasis is given to the Muslims struggle against the European imperialists such as the Portuguese and the British. It would impart a spirit of nationalism among the students.

COURSE CONTENT Module I: Genesis and Spread of Islam in Kerala, Keralolpathi, Cheraman Perumal Tradition, Malik ibn

Dinar. Role of Arab Traders, Malik ibn Dinar, Sayyid Muhammad Moula, Porattil Shaykh, Mampuram Tangals, Kondotty Tangals. Role of Sufis and Missionaries, Support of Native Kings.

Module II : The Portuguese incursion, Vasco Da Gama, Carbal, Zamorins of Calicut, Kunjalis, the Admirals of the Zamorins.

Module III : The third Anglo-Mysore war, British Domination of Malabar, Mappila Rebillion of 1921, Manjeri Attan, Kurikkal, Unni Mutta, Chempan Pokkar, land tenures and the Mappilas, H.V Conolly, T.L Strange, Willian Logan. The Ali Rajas of Kannur.

Module IV : History of Mappila Education, Malabar- Travancore- Cochin, Dars system, A.M Koya Kunhi, Dar ul’ulam Madrasah

Module V : Himayat -ul-Islam Sabha, Lajanattulul-MuhammadiyaSangham, Ansarul-Islam fi-Talimil Anam, Kerala Muslim AikyaSangham.

Module VI : Sayyid Sanaullah Makti Tangal, Chalilakatt Kunhahmad Haji, Shaykh Muhammad Hamadani Tangal, K.M. Moulavi, K.M. Kesava Menon, M.P. Narayana Menon, K. Madhavan Nair.

REFERENCES

Engineer, Asghar Ali, Ed., Kerala Muslims: a Historical Perspective, Ajanta publications, New Delhi, 1995 Hussain Randathani, Mappila Muslims: a Study on Society and anti Colonical Struggles, Other books,

Calicut, 2007 Ibrahim Kunju,AP, Mappila Muslims of Kerala : their History and Culture, Sandhya Publications

Trivandrum, 1989 Kurup, K K N, Legacy of Islam Kerala: a study of the Mappilas of Kerala, Samayam publications,

Kannur, 2006 Kurup, K K N; Ismail, E, Emergence of Islam in Kerala in 20th century, Standard Publishers, New Delhi,

2008 Mammad Koya, Parappil P P, Kozhikotte Muslimkalude Charithram, Focus publications, Kozhikode, 2012 Miller, Roland E, Mappila Muslims of Kerala: a Study in Islamic Trends, Orient Longman, Hyderabad,

1976 Muhammad Kunji, P K, Muslimkalum Kerala Samskaravum, Kerala Sahithya Academi, Thrissur, 2008 Muhammad, Qadi, Ed., Fathal Mubin: a Contemporary account of the Portuguese Invasion on Malabr in

Arabic verse, Other books, Kozhikode, 2015

16

Semester : III Course Code : ISH-E-434 Course Title : REFORM MOVEMENTS IN ISLAM Credits : 4 AIM: The course aims at an analysis of the set back of Muslim world in modern period and the reform attempts all over the world. The voice of resurgent Islam is an area of interest in East and the West and the course aims to give a general awareness in the area to the students. OBJECTIVES: The course gives an awareness of various revivalist movements in Arab world and Africa. Simultaneously the course focuses its attention on the reform leaders of Islam in Asia and Africa. Arab Nationalism developed under various leaders and the various organizations emerged up are also discussed in detail. COURSE CONTENT Module I: Revivalism in Islam, Meaning and concept of Revivalism (Tajdeed), aspects of Islamic

revival, Difference between Revivalism and Modernism, History of Islamic Revivalism, Mujaddid, qualities of a Mujaddid,

Module II : Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz, Imam Ahmed Ibn Hambal, Ibn Taimiyah, Muhammed Ibn Abdul Wahab and Muwahhidun movement.

Module III: Revivalist Movements in Islam, Al Sanusi and Sanusiyah movement, Jamaludeen Afghani and Pan Islamism, Shaikh Hasan al Bannah and Ikhwanul Muslimun, Mawdudi and Jamat-e-Islami, Salafi Movement.

Module IV: Muhammed Abduh, Muhammed Rashid Ridah and Al-Manar, Prince Saeed Haleem Pasha, Mahdi Sudani, Sayyid Qutb, Ali Shariati.

Module V: Ayatullah Qumaini and the Shia Revolution, ideology of the revolution, aftermath. Module VI: Arab Nationalism, Abdul Rahman Al Kawakibi, Arab League, Muslim World League

(Rabita). REFERENCES

Delong-Bas, N J, Wahhabi Islam: from revival and reform to global jihad, I B Tauris, London, 2004

Faruqi, Burhan Ahmad, Mujaddid's conception of Tawhid: study of Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi’s doctrine of unity, Adam publishers and distributors, New Delhi, 2006

Hawwa, Saeed, Muslim Brotherhood: Ikhwanul Muslimoon, Hindustan publications, New Delhi, 1903

Mawdudi, Sayyid Abulala, A short history of the revivalist movement in Islam, Other press, Kuala Lumpur, 2002

Pearson, Harlan O, Islamic reform and revival in nineteenth century India, Yoda Press, New Delhi, 2008

Qardawi,Yusuf Al, Islamic Education and Hassan al Banna, Hilal publications Calcutta, 1983 Rahman, Fazlur, Revival and reform in Islam: a study of Islamic fundamentalism, Oneworld,

Oxford, 2006 Rahnema, Ali Ed., Pioneers of Islamic revival, S Abdul Majeed and company, Kuala Lumpur,

1995

17

Semester : III Course Code : ISH-E-435 Course Title : ISLAM AND ORIENTALISM Credits : 4 AIM : The course enables a student to define and evaluate the concept of orientalism as it has been used historically. This module will help to identify and evaluate the issues in the modern scholarly debates about meaning and connotations of the term. A successful student in this course will be able to critically evaluate orientalism as it occurs in the history of western social and political interaction with Islam and West Asian region, and interpret its impact on those contacts

OBJECTIVES : Ever since the conflict between the Christendom and Islamic world started especially in the context of crusades the otherness has come into being. The trend has expanded greatly during the period of European explorations, colonization and imperialism. These European explorations in the Islamic world produced a plethora of literature. Those who studied and wrote on these topics became known as “orientalists, and their subject “orientalism” This course explores European perceptions of Islam and Islamic world as expressed in their writings. The scholarly study and conventional understanding of Islam and the West Asian region was, and has been, dramatically challenged by the appearance of Edward Said’s seminal work, Orientalism. Ever since its publication, the discipline of Middle Eastern Studies has debated the validity of its critique, applied it to many case studies, challenged it in return, and continues to ponder its implications for the future study of the area. This module introduces students to the origins of these debates within a general context of scholarly developments in the field of Islamic and West Asian Studies in the Post Industrial world. It then follows the vicissitudes of the debate to its present phase and attempts to assess its future influence on the field.

COURSE CONTENT Module 1: Concept and History of Orientalism Origin, Development of Orientalism, Concept Defined,

The West as the Cradle of Civilisation, Christian Conceptions of the World and Islam, The ‘Age of Ignorance’.

Module II: The Crusades, The crusader’s Construct of the Image of Islam, Peter the Venerable, First Translation of the Qur’an into Latin

Module III: Islam and the Enlightenment, Europe’s Arab – Muslim Heritage - Establishment of Arabic Chairs at the European Universities – The Age of European Encroachment – Napoleanic Expendition.

Module IV: European Orientalist’s Views on Islam: Hegel, Ernest Renan’s Criticism, Karl Marx and Oriental Despotism, Max Weber and the Sociology of Islam.

Module V: Twentieth Century Orientalists: Philip K. Hitti, HAR Ghibb, Montgomery Watt, Cantwell Smith Maxime Rodinson, Bernard Lewis.

Module VI: Critics of Orientalism: Resisting Orientalism, A.L. Tibawi and Anowar Abdel Malek, Edward Said’s ‘Orientalism’ and its Impact.

REFERENCES

Breckenridge, C A Ed.; Veer, P V Ed., Orientalism and the Post Colonical Predicament: perspectives on South Asia, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1994

Curtis, Michael, Orientalism and Islam: European thinkers on oriental deposition in the Middle east and India, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009

Hitti,PK, History of the Arabs : from the earliest times to the present, Macmillan publishers ltd London, 1937 Iqbal, Muzaffar, The Quran orientalism and encyclopedia of the Quran, Islamic book trust, Kuala Lumpur, 2009

Said, Edward,W, Orientalism, Penguin Books, London, 2003 Jameelah,Mariyam, Islam and orientalism, Adam publishers Delhi, 1997

18

Semester : IV Course Code : ISH-C- 441 Course Title : ISLAM IN INDIA – PART II (Later Medieval India) Credits : 4 AIM : The course is aimed at an awareness about the glorious heritage and history of later medieval India and develop among the students an interest to learn the later medieval phase of Muslim era and their contributions in Indian History. The course covers on the Mughal period from Babur to Aurangazeb, plans to impart proper information about Muslim cultural traditions, literary contributions and socio-economic changes in Indian history. OBJECTIVES : The course gives a comprehensive and analytical study on the administration and society under the Mughals. It particularly makes an emphasis on the religious policies adopted under Akbar and Aurangazeb. The evolution of Indo- Islamic Architecture and the development of socio-economic changes during the period are covered in the course. COURSE CONTENT Module I: Central Asia and Babur, conquest of India, the battle of Panipat, the battle of Khanwa, the

Afghans, significance of Babur’s advent. Module II : Humayun’s conquest of Gujarat and his tussle with Sher Shah – Sher Shah and the Sur

empire – contributions of Sher Shah. Module III : Early phase-contest with nobility, Early expansion (1556-1576), administrative reforms-

Mansabdari system and the army, organization of government, Relations with the Rajputs-towards integration.

Module IV: Age of Jahangir, administration Reforms and Intellectual development under Jahangir. Module V: Problem of succession, Aurangazeb’s reign-his religious policy, political developments-

North India, North- East and East India, Popular revolts and Movements- Jats, Afghans, Sikhs and Satnamics, Relations with Rajputs, the Marathas and the Daccans, Decline of the Mughal Empire.

Module VI : Architecture, Painting, Language and Literature, Music, Religious ideas and Beliefs, Economic and Social Conditions, The Nobles and Zamindars, Education and Historiography.

REFERENCES

Agarwal, C M, Studies in Medieval Indian History, ABS publications, Jalandar, 1990 Bhargava, Meena, Ed., Exploring Medieval India sixteenth to eighteenth centuries: culture gender regional

patterns, Part-2, Orient Black Swan, Hyderabad, 2010 Chandra, Satish, Medieval India: from Sultanate to the Mughals Part 1: 1206-1526, Har-Anand

Publications, New Delhi, 1997 Edwardes, S M; Garrett, H L O, Mughal rule in India, S.Chand, New Delhi, 1974 Haig, Wolseley, Ed.;Richard Burn, Ed., Cambridge history of India, Vol 4: the Mughul period, S Chand,

New Delhi, 1979 Jaffar, S M, Some cultural aspects of Muslim rule in India, Idarah-I Adabiyat-I, New Delhi, 1972. Kamal Pasha, Musthafa N K, Islamika charithram, Blossom books, Edayoor Malapuram, 2015 Mahajan, Vidya Dhar, Muslim rule in India, S. Chand, New Delhi, 1984. Majumdar, R C, Ed., Mughal Empire, Bharatiya vidya bhavan, Mumbai, 1984 Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Ed.; Alam, Muzaffar Ed., Mughal State 1526 – 1750, Oxford university press, New

Delhi, 1998

19

Semester : IV Course Code : ISH-C- 442 Course Title : EUROPEAN COLONIALISM AND THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN ARAB–MUSLIM STATES Credits : 4 AIM : The course aims to familiarise the students with the emergence of Modern Arab - Muslim states in the face of European Colonialism. It also intends to teach them the various ways by which the Muslim countries such as Egypt, Iran and Turkey faced European Colonialism. OBJECTIVES : In this course a module each is wholly devoted to studying Egypt and Iran. It also deals with Ottoman decline and reform, leading to the abolition of the caliphate. It gives a clear picture of the developments in the Muslim world during the World Wars. COURSE CONTENT Module I: Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha, Construction of Suez Canal,

Muhammad Ali as the founder of modern Egypt. Module II : The British occupation of Egypt, Saad Zaghlul Pasha and Rise of Nationalists, Anglo-

Egyptian Treaty of 1936, Military Coup of 1952, Formation of Egyptian Republic. Module III : Anglo-Persian Treaty of 1919, Establishment of Pahlavi Dynasty, Muhammad Riza Shah

Pahlavi, Muhammad Mussadaq, Nationalisation of oil industry, Ayatullah Qumayni, Islamic Revolution.

Module IV : World War I – British Protectorate in Egypt, Lord Cromer. The Husayn- Mac Mahon Correspondence, The Sykes – Picot Agreement.

Module V : Abdul Hamid II, despotic rule, The Young Turk Revolution. World War I and dismemberment of the Turkish Empire, Treaty of Sevres, Treaty of Lausanne.

Module VI : Mustafa Kamal and the Turkish Reforms – Abolition of the Caliphate – Birth of the Turkish Republic.

REFERENCES

1. Hourani, Albert, Europe and the Middle east, Macmillan press, London, 1980 2. Ochsenwald,William, The middle East : a history, Mc graw Hill Boston, 1979 3. Lapidus, Ira M, Islamic societies to the nineteenth century: a global history, Cambridge university

press, New Delhi, 2012 4. Angrist, Michele Penner Ed., Politics and society in the contemporary middle East, Viva Books,

New Delhi, 2012 5. Mansfield, Peter, History of the Middle East, Penguin Books, London, 1991 6. Muhammed, Jamal T, Paschimeshya oru Rashtriya Charithram, Kerala Bhasha Institute,

Thiruvananthapuram, 2011 7. Smith, Charles D, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict, Bedford, Boston, 2010 8. Dabashi, Hamid, Arab Spring : the end of post colonialism, Zed books, London, 2012 9. Al-Sayyid Marsot, Afaf Lutfi, Short history of modern Egypt, Cambridge university Press,

Cambridge, 1985 10. Hawwa, Saeed, Muslim brotherhood: Ikhwanul Muslimoon, Hindustan publications, New Delhi,

1903

20

Semester : IV Course Code : ISH-E- 443 Course Title : ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE Credits : 4 AIM : Many of the constitutions of the Muslim world mention that “Islamic law” or Sharia will inform the law of those countries; Many Muslims also consider the Sharia as a personal moral and legal code by which they will live their lives. For this reason, Understanding the Islamic legal tradition forms an essential component of understanding one of the major legal systems influencing the practice of law in the world today. This course aims to shed light on the history of Islamic Jurisprudence with special focus on the schools of Islamic (sunni) Jurisprudence. OBJECTIVES : The course will provide students with an opportunity to examine the history and modern development of Islamic Jurisprudence which is known as Fiqh .The nature and development of Islamic Law will be discussed and deal with traditional law as applied by the four schools of Sunni Islam, it focuses on the history Islamic Jurisprudence and four schools of Fiqh. The significance and principles Ijtihad is an important topic in Islamic Fiqh. Muslim Personal Law and its legal validity in India will be also discussed in the course.

COURSE CONTENT

Module I: Islamic Law – Origin and Sources: Origin and Growth of Islamic Jurisprudence , The Subject matter of Fiqh, The sources of Islamic law: – The Holy Quran – The Sunna,Ijma (Consensus of Juristic opinion) Qiyas (Analogical Deduction) – Istihsan Juristic Equity – Istidlal and Urf.

Module II: Schools of Islamic Jurisprudence: Formation of four orthodox schools of Jurisprudence, Origin and Development of Hanafi School,Imam Abu Hanifa- the Founder of Hanafi School, Salient features of Hanafi School

Module III: Maliki School of Islamic Jurisprudence: Origin and Development of Maliki School, Imam Malik bin Anas,Doctrines of maliki School, Salent Features, Imam Maliki’s works on Hadith jurisprudencel.

Module IV: Shafi School of Islamic Jurisprudence, Imam Muhammed bin Idris al Shafi,– Doctrines and Main Features of the school – Imam Shafi’s contribution to the development of Usul-al Fiqh.

Module V: The Hambali School of Islamic Jurisprudence, Imam Ahmed bin Hambal, Origin and Development of the school – Its characteristic features, Ijthihad, The meaning of Ijtihad, Significance and Principles of Ijtihad.

Module VI: Muslim law in India, Muslim Personal Law under the East India Company – Shariat Act of 1937.Muslim Personal Law Board and the Debate on Uniform Civil Code

REFERENCES

Bassiouni, Cherif M, Sharia and Islamic public law in time of war and peace, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2014

Dein, Mawil Izzi, Islamic law: from historical foundations to contemporary practice, Atlantic publishers, New delhi, 2005

Hameedullah Khan ,Mohammed, Schools of Islamic jurisprudence: a comparative study, Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi, 1991

Hasan, Ahmed, Early development of Islamic jurisprudence, Adam publishers, New Delhi, 1994 Hassan, Hamid H, Introduction to the study of Islamic law, Adam publishers, New Delhi, 2005 Hussain,Shaikh Shaukat, Human Rights in Islam, Kitab Bhavan New Delhi, 1990 Shabbir, Mohammed, Authority and authenticity of Hadith: as a source of Islamic Law, Kitab Bhavan, New

Delhi, 1982

21

Semester : IV

Course Code : ISH-D-544 (Dissertation)

Course Title : PROJECT ON ASPECT OF ISLAMIC HISTORY

Credits : 4

AIM : The aim of the first stage of dissertation consists of identifying the topic and research problem. It also aims to instil in the students objectivity and impartiality which are highly essential for a researcher. OBJECTIVES :

To construct new knowledge. To develop skills in designing a dissertation based on specific research methodology. To develop a working knowledge of the relevant literature in the discipline. To develop a scientific approach to problems.

22

Semester : IV Course Code : ISH-X- 441 Course Title : THE MODERN WEST ASIA Credits : 2 AIM : Arab Muslim States have provoked more interest and controversy than any other region of the world. So this course aims to make an introductory overview of the historical, political, economic, and strategic factors that shaped the modern Arab Muslim States in West Asian region. The aim of the course is to expose the students a wide range of issues which gave shapes to the political edifice of the countries in the West Asian region. It is intended to provide an introduction to the politics of the Middle East in the 20th century providing students with detailed empirical knowledge and with the cognitive skills necessary to interpret and analyse the contemporary political developments in the light of that information. OBJECTIVES : The course serves as an introduction to the politics of 20the century West Asia covering the formation of Israel, emergence of new nation states in the Fertile Crescent, Turkey in the post war period, Egypt in the post revolution era and Palestine –Israeli conflict. On a country-by-country basis, it gives an overview of the major political issues, forces and developments in the region since the end of the Second World War, providing an analysis of the wider political contexts in which they occurred. It is designated to highlight the multi-faceted nature of West Asian politics and to provide a continuity/change perspective on themes of regional unity versus political fragmentation. It also aims at providing the students with the concepts and tools necessary to develop an analytical approach to understanding the problems of conflicts in the West Asia.

COURSE ONTENT

Module I: The End of the World War II, Establishment of the Jewish State of Israel, The first Arab Israeli War (1948-1949), The second war (1955-1956), The third war – Six Day War (1967), The October War (1973), The Palestinian Uprising , The Intifada (1987-1991).

Module II: Syria – The Military in Politics, Iraq – The End of the Monarchy, The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan-Lebanon: The Sectarian Communal Balance.

Module III: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Majlis-i-Shura and the role of clergy in polity and society, demand for democratization.

Module IV: The Attaturk Era in Turkey – The Transition to a Multiparty system, Turkey from Military Dictatorship to Democracy. Iran under Reza Shah, The Iranian Revolution and the Resurgence of Islam – Khomeini Era.

Module V: Egyptian Independence, The Free Officers coup, The Nasser Era – Suez Canal Crisis, The Muslim Brotherhood, An Egypt under Sadat, The Mubarak Era.

Module VI: The PLO and Yasir Arafat, HAMAS and the Islamic Politics in Palestine, The Peace process, The Gulf crisis of 1990-91 – The Role of US in the Destabilization of the Arab countries

REFERENCES

1. Agwani,MS, Religion and politics in west Asia, Vikas publishing house pvt ltd New Delhi, 1992 2. Grover,Verinder, West asia and India's foreign policy, Deep & deep publications New Delhi, 1992 3. Levitt, Matthew, Hamas: politics, charity, and terrorism in the service of jihad, Yale University Press, London, 2006 4. Gilsenan, Michael, Recognizing Islam: religion and society in the modern middle east, I B Tauris, London, 1990 5. Hourani, Albert, Emergence of the modern middle east, Macmillan press, London, 1981 6. Fouad Khater, Akram, Sources in the history of the modern middle east, Wadsworth cengage learning, Australia ,

2011 7. Hourani, Albert, Europe and the Middle east, Macmillan press, London, 1980 8. Angrist, Michele Penner Ed., Politics and society in the contemporary middle East, Viva Books, New Delhi, 2012