Journal of Botany - Forgotten Books

JOURNAL OF BOTANY

BRITI SH AND FORE IGN

ED ITED BY

JA M E S B R IT T E N,

F . L . S .

LA

'

IE S E NIOR ASSIST ANT,D E PARTM E NT O F Bomxy, BRITISH .\IUS E L

‘

M .

V O L. L X I.

L O N D O N

T A Y L O R A N D F R A N C I S

RE D LION C‘DURT

, FLE E T STRE E T

1 9 2 3 .

CORRIGE NDA.

P . 89, l . 15 f rombo t tom, afte r has supp ly no t .

P . 93 l . 2 1 f r om bo t tom, for“ D ictaphyl lum r ead “ D icotylophyl l u

'm l . 29

for Mrs .

” r ead Miss .

"

95 , l . 23 f r om bo t tom, for Linbrola read Linkola.

1308 ,l . 5 f r om bo ttom

, omi t Fe r ns . ”2 16

,l . 8 f r om top , for 1899 r ead “ 1889 .

2 1 f rom top , for“ 1827 r ead “

1 72 7 .

afte r t i t le Hepatics , et c . , supply r efe rence t o pl . 568 .

249,l . 12 f r om bot tom shoul d r ead no know ledge o f fic t ion ,

w h ich was no t .

25 1 l . 16 f r om t op,for w il l be offe r ed read has been placed in .

”

p . 280—283 , for co r rection s see p . 320 .wwmmwv

ww

SUPPLE ME NT .

P . 1 1 l . 17 f r om top ,for Meunch r ead Munich .

P . 43 . l l . 10 , 12 f rom top , for Lit saea r ead “Litsext .

CONTRIBUTO R S TO THIS VOLU M E .

E LEONO RA A RMI'

I‘AG E .

E . G . BAKER , E . L. S .

ARTHUR BENNETT , A .L . S .

C . H.B IN STEAD,MA .

S . F . B LAKE .

F . O . BOWER , Sc .D . , F . R . S .

JAME S B RI'I‘T E N , E . L.S .

A . H . CH URC H , M .A .

A . B . CO E B E .

M ILLER CHRI STY , E .L .S .

‘

W. B . CROW, M .sc . , Ph .D .

A . A . D ALLMAN , F .C .S .

O . V . D AR BISHIRE , B .A .

, E T S .

H . N . D IXON , M .A .

, E .L .S .

W. FAWCETT , B Sc .

F . E . FRIT SCI-I, B . Sc . , E .L.S .

ANTONY G EPP,M .A .

,E .L .S .

M . J . GOD FE RY, E .L .S .

R . D’

O . G OOD , B .A .

E . S . GREG ORY .

S . G REV E S , E .Sc .

JAMES GROV E S , E .L . S .

E TH ELBERT HORNE , O .S .B .

A . B . JACKSON,A .L. S .

B . D . JACK SON, Ph . D . , E .L . S .

C . C . LAC -U TA ,M .A . , E .L. S .

J . E . L ITT LE .

LILIAN LYLE , E .L . S .

B . C . M CC LEAN .

J . R . B’IRTTH E WS , E .L . S .

E . D . M ERRI LL .

S . LE M . MOORE , B .Sc ., E . L . S .

C . NICHO LSON .

W. E . NICHOLSON , E .L . S .

C . NORMAN .

R . PAUL SON , E .L . S .

W. H . PEARSALL .

W. H . PEAR SALL , E .L .S .

H . WV . PUG SLE Y , B .A . , E D S .

J . R AM SBOTTOM , M .A ., F . L. S .

CARLETON RE A .

H . P . READER ,A . B . REND LE , D .Sc . , E ILS .

H . J . B IDD E L SD E LL,M A .

H . N . RID LEY , HH S

L . A . M . RILEY, B .A .

E . R I L STON .

E . J . SAL I SB URY , D . Sc .,E LS .

C . E . SA L M ON , E .L . S .

E . S . SALM ON , E .L . S .

O . H . SARGENT .

J . C . SHENSTONE , E .L . S .

W. R . SHERR IN,A .L . S .

A . LORRAIN S M ITH , E D S .

T . A . SPRAGUE , B .Sc .,E .L. S .

B. SYE FYNOFF .

T . STEPH EN SON , DJ ) .

T . A . STEPHENSON ,M S c .

N . STOJANOFF .

H . H . TH OMAS .

H . S . TH OMPSON .

T . E . E D S .

W’

. \V-\T SON , D .Sc .,A .L . S .

A . J . B .A . , E LS .

H . \VORMALD .

J O U R N A L O F B O T A N YB R ITISH AN D F O R E IG N .

POTA M OGETON IN THE ENGLISH LAKES.

B Y W . H . PEARSALL AND W . H.PEAR SALL, D .Sc .

, E .L . S .

O UR fo r m e r pape r (Jou r n . Bet . 1921 , 1604 64 ) dea l t w i t h t h epws il l us sec t io n of t h e ge n us P o tamOf/e ton , a n d it w as t h e r e s h ow nt h a t “ P . pusil l us ex h ibi ts d i st i n c t va r ia tio n s in r e la tio n to t h edept h o f

,wa te r i n w h i c h it g row s , a n d t h at “ l ig h t - i n te n s i ty i s

t h e c h i ef fac to r in caus i n g them.

”

S i m i la r va r iat io n s oc cu r in t h e la r ge r - l ea ved spec i es of P o/amogerms— and , i n deed , i n m os t o t h e r aq uat ic genera~and f r o m s imi la rc auses . T h es e w i l l be i n d icated u n de r t h e arIe us spec ies dea l t w i thbelow .

We al so “ p ropos ed to e n um e ra te t h e spec i es of P e /amoqe /onfou n d in t h e E n gl i s h Lake D ist r i c t a n d to sum m a r i s e t h e i r d istributio n . T h i s i s , t h e r efo r e , an add i tio n a l Obj ec t Of t h e p r es e n t pape r .S i n c e fo r m va r iat io n s i n t h e la rge r po n dw eeds appea r 10 be o t

' t h esa m e types in al l spec i es , i t w i l l sa ve r epeti t io n i f t h ese types ofva r iat io n a r e summ a r i sed at t h e o utset .T h e m ost impo r ta n t i s t h e va r ia t io n i n t h e le n gt h a n d b r eadt h of the

l engthleaf — m ost eas i ly exp r essed as t h eb r eadt h r a t io . T h is i s as so c ia t e d

w i th a c h a n ge i n t h e le n gt h s of i n te r n ode and pedu n c le — t h esebeco m i n g l o n ge r a s t h e r e la ti ve l eaf- l e n gth i n c r ea ses . The fac to r sp r oduc i n g t h ese c h a n ges h a ve bee n e xami n ed i n deta i l in the ea se o fP . pmf ol iatus , w h ic h s h ow s t h i s type of va r ia t io n to a ma rk eddeg r ee . T h e sa m e fac to r s— m o r e o r l ess— seem to ope rate a l so in

P . pr ce l onyus , P . a lp inus , x P . Ziziz'

, X P . N il e/ us ,

a n d P . crisp us . Re lat i ve ly l o n ge r lea ves a r e p roduced in deepe rw ate r ( 1, e . f r o m low e r l ig h t- i n te n s i ty a n d s h o r te r d u rat io n ) , an d

b roade r lea ves a r e fo u n d o n t h e m o r e ca lca r eou s s o i l s . T h e c h emi ca lc h a rac te r of t h e sa l ts d isso l ved i n t h e w ate r appea r s to h a ve l i ttle o rn o effec t. L ig h t - i n te n s i ty a l so affec ts the colo u r a n d s t ruc tu r e of thel ea ves . I n s h a l low e r w ate r t h ey beco m e t i n ged w i t h r ed and are

s e ve ra l cel ls in t h ic k n ess , i n stead of o n ly two o r t h r ee . T h e colo u r i sd ue to t h e fo rmat io n of a n t h ocya n i n co n seque n t upo n i n c r easedp h o tosy n t h es i s a n d s uga r p r oduc tio n .T h e a ve ra ge l eaf a r ea va r ies v e ry co n s ide rably . Pa r t ic ula r ly i n

t h e c ase of P . p erfo l im‘us

, P . a lp iuus , a n d P . gramiumzs , the lakes pec i m e n s h a ve usual ly muc h s m al le r l ea ves t h a n t h ose f r o m the

J OURNAL OF BOTANY.

— VOL . 6 1 . [JANUARY , B

2 TH E JOU RNAL or BOTANY

S . a n d E . of E n gla n d . T h i s d iff e r e n ce i s att r i buted to the l ess fa vou rab le co n d i t io n s fo r g r ow t h ( see Pea rsa l l , Jo u r n . Eco logy

,v 1i i . 1920 ,

T h e spec ie s to be co n s ide r ed do n o t a l l va ry to t h e sa m eex te n t . V e ry va r iable spec i es a r e P . p erf oh

'

m‘us , x P . m

'

z‘ens , P . gm

fmineus , a n d P . a lpinus— a n d r oug h ly i n t h a t o rde r . P . p rce longus

a n d P . cr ispus va ry m uc h l es s , w h i le P . l ucens a n d x P . Zizii S h owl i ttle va r iat io n

,i n o u r expe r i e n c e . T h e m a r ked va r iab i l i ty of P .

p o lygomf o l zus a s compa r ed w i t h t h e Stab i l i t y of P . n a tans i s v e ryst r i k i n g a n d a fa m i l ia r fac t to m o st sy ste m at i c bota n i sts .

PE BFOLIATU S L . i s t h e m o st w ide ly d i s t r i buted spec i e s i n t h eE n gl i s h Lake s . T h e n o rma l B r i t i s h fo r m — w i t h b road ly o va l l ea vefou n d i n ca lca r eous w ate r s i n t h e so ut h a n d east, does n ot oc c u rin t h i s a rea . P r a ct i cal ly e ve ry lake co n ta i n s a fo r mof P . p efio l z

’

a fus

w h ic h d i ffe r s i n leaf - s h ape a n d s i ze fro m t h ose of t h e ot h e r l akes .Mo r eo ve r

,l eaf - s h ape i s by n o m ea n s co n s ta n t i n a n y o n e lake .

T h e fol low i n g tabl e s umm a r i ses the d iffere n ce s betw ee n t h e typi ca lfo r m s of va r i ou s la kes

,compa r ed w i th t h ose Of t h e mo r e u s ual fo rm

f r o m t h e R . De rw e n t at K i r k h am Abbey , Yo r ks . T h e figu r e s fo rl e n gt h a n d b r eadt h a r e a ve rages of a n u m be r of l ea ves

Rema rk s .o o o o o o o o o o o o

Cal ca r eous r .Wate r 3 m. dp .

f . mac rop hyl lusWate r 6 In . dp.

f . l anceola tus

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

I n co n s ide r i n g how t h ese va r iatio n s m ig h t h a ve o r i gi n ated,i t

w as immedia te ly c l ea r t h at l i g h t - i n te n s i ty w as o n e of t h e facto r si n vol ved . We co n sta n tly fou n d t h at t h e spec i m e n s w i t h r el ati velylo n ge r lea ves a n d i n te r n odes oc c u r r ed i n deepe r w ate r

,a n d h ad h e n c e

developed u n de r l ow e r l ig h t - i n te n s i ty . T h e effec t of t h i s i s i l lust rated by t h e VVindermere spec i m e n s (4 a n d 6 i n t h e tabl e ) .W h i le w e cou ld sati sfac to r i ly expla i n i n t h i s w ay m a n y of t h e

v a r ia tio n s i n l eaf - s h a pe obse r ved in P . pmf o l ia tus i n a n y o n e lake ,t h e e ffects of l i g h t - i n te n s i ty alo n e w e r e fou n d qu i te i n adeq uate toaccou n t fo r t h e d iffe r e n ce s i n fo r m s g r ow i n g i n d i ffe r e n t lakes

.Fo r

exampl e - t h e typica l “ l an ceo la /us l eaf- fo rm i n Co n i s to n (No . 7 )occ u r r ed i n wate r about 1 m . deep . I n Wi n de r m e re t h e s i m i la r fo r m

(NO . 6 ) ca m e f r o m w ate r 6 m . deep, t h oug h t h ese lakes h a ve w ate rof equa l c lea r n e ss (Pea r sa l l , l oc . c it ) , a n d co n seque n tly t h e l i g h ti n te n s i ty w i l l be s imi la r a t equa l dept h s i n eac h lake . Fu r t h e r

,t h e

ty pical b r oad - l eaved fo rms of VVindermere, E sthwaite , a n d Derw e n tw ate r do n o t oc cu r i n Co n i sto n , e ve n i n s h a l low w ate r . T h e Ki r kh a m Abbey spec i m e n s a l so i l l ust ra te t h e same po i n ts . T h e De rw e n thas tur b id w ate r , a n d t h e l ig h t - i n te n s i ty i s es t i m ated to be about

Blyt t'

e so - cal l ed va r ieties .

POT .L\IOG E TON IN THE E NG LI S H LAKE S 3

th e sa m e a t a dept h o f 2 m . as t h at of Wi n de r m e r e a t 6 In . T h elowe r m ost lea ves of a la r ge n umbe r of spec ime n s w e r e 9 ems . l o n gand 2 ems. b road— t h e uppe rmos t be i n g 3 3 cms . l o n g a n d 2 8 cms .

b r oad . T h e fo r m e r .w e r e g row i n g in 2 In . of w ate r,w h i l e t h e latte r

w e r e o n ly 20 c m s . below t he s u r fac e . C lea r ly the l ea ves are r e lat ively m uc h b r oade r t h a n a n y of t h e lake spec ime n s g r ow i n g u n de rs imi la r l ig h t - co n d i t io n s , a n d n e ve r does P . perf o l z

’

atus i n t h e lakesp roduce lea ves in w h i c h t h e le n gth i s o n ly 12 t i m es t h e b r eadt ho r i n deed a n yt h i n g app r oac h i n g t h i s r at io .

I n 1920 w e t ook m ate r ia l of t h e t h r ee ext r e m e types f ro mCo n is to n , E sthwaite

,a n d Ki rk h am Abbey

,a n d g r ew i t i n la rge

ta n ks (5 ft. d iamete r and 5 ft . deep ; 1 5 III. ) u n de r t he samel i ght - i n te n s i ty a n d on t he same so i l . A l l t h r ee sets of m ate r ia l p r oduced l ea ves o f t h e sa m e type (about 3 ems . lo n g a n d 1 6 c m . b road ) ,but o n g row i n g t h es e fu r t h e r u n de r difi

'

erent l i g h t - i n te n s it i es , w e

w e r e n ot able to p r oduce t h e ext r eme types of leaf f r om w h ic h w e h ads ta rted a l t h o ug h i n h a lf t h e o r igi n a l l ight intensit I t he lea ves w e r em uc h n ar r ow er (0 9 mm. ) a n d somew h a t l o n ge r ( 2+ 5 ems .)

'

1 he

app roac h of w i n te r put a pre m ature e n d to t h i s expe r ime n t , but t h er esul t s obta i n ed seemed to i n d icate quit e c lea r ly t h at a n ot h e r e n v i r o nm e n ta l fac to r— at least — aifec t ed t h e leaf- s h ape of P . pe /jbl iufus ,and t h e natu r e of t h e so i l seemed to be t h e most p robabl e add it io n a li n flue n ce . T h e fact t h at t h e b r oad - l ea ved Ki r k h am Abbey fo rmoccu r s o n v e ry cal ca r eous so i l of seemed V e rys uggest i ve i n t h i s co n n ec t io n

,a n d so fa r a s w e co uld asce r ta i n , al l t h e

typ ica l b read - l ea ved sout h e r n fo r m s of pmf o l iaius g row o n ca l ca reousso i ls . We h ad a l imi ted n umbe r

gical su r vey of t h e l akes— a n d O II r efe r r i n g to t h es e w e fou n d ,acco rda n c e w i t h t h e Yorks h i r e example , t h at t h e b r oade r l ea ved lakeforms g rew on t h e m ost cal ca r eous so i l s and t h e lo n ger naIrO IIc I

fo rms o n t h e l east ca lca r eous so i l s a s s h ow n by t h e fo l low i n gtable (II)

Availabl e in so ilCaO

(Potash) . (Lime) .338 90

336 280

342 16000 0 0 0 0 0

T h ese figu r es,a lt h oug h l i m i ted i n n um be r , a r e v e ry s uggest i ve

w h en v iew ed i n co n n ec tio n w i t h t h e facts outl i n ed abo Ie . Thev a r ec o n fi r m ed by a s i m i la r se r ie s fo r P . pre

view/us ( see below ) , and

s ugges t qu i te defin i te ly t h a t t h e proportio n of l ime i n the s o i l i s ani m po r ta n t fac to r in dete r m i n i n g leaf- s h ape i n P . p eay

‘b/ia fus , and

t h at, a lo n g w i t h t h e effec ts of l ig h t- i n te n s i ty , i t may e n able us to

acco u n t fo r a l l the l eaf—va r iatio n s Obse r ved in t h i s Spec i e s in n ature .

Fu r t h e r expe r i m e n ts to a n a lys e t h e se eff ec ts are i n pI'

ogress

co n fi rm t h e above co n c l us io n — but Ope n up add i tio n a l p r oblems w h ic hpre ve n t a n y prese n t s tateme n t of resu l ts . i t seems q u ite e

'

Ie It Iin

t h at t h ere are n o “ var i et ie s ” i n P . pwf o lmfus , bu t o n l I gIO II th

formS— t h e v i ew h e ld by h rye r .

Pa r ts per mil l ion o f dry s o il .

4 T HE J OURNAL o r B OTANY

The co m m o n deep -w ate r fo r m (No . 7 , Tabl e I . ) h as bee n n a m edvar. laneeo l a tus Blyt t ( = va r . gracil is C lramisso) . I t po ssesses lo n g ,n ea r ly pa r al l e l - s ided

,but s l i g h t ly tape r i n g l ea ves of ext r e m e ly t h i n

textu r e a n d l i g h t g r ee n i n co lou r . i t occ u r s i n m a n y of the lakes ,but i s most abu n da n t i n Co n i sto n , w h e r e i ts ex t r e m e fo r m (No . 8 )has bee n w r o n gly ide n t ified as P . R icbamlson ii— a spec ies n ot yetm et w i th i n t h i s c ou n t ry .

A form (No . 5 ) possess i n g ve ry la r ge a n d b road lea ves of da r k e rco l ou r a n d t h ic ke r textu r e t h a n usua l w i t h us , h as bee n te rmedvar. macrop hyl lus B lyt t . T h i s i s fou n d o n ly i n U l lswate r .T h e co m m o n fo r m of r elat i vely s h al low w ate r s a n d h i g h l ig h t

i n te n s ity (No . posses ses s m al l o val - oblo n g l ea ves,a n d i s f r eque n tly

m et w i t h i n Wi n de r m e r e , E sthwaite , De r we n twa te r , U l l sw ate r , a n dHaw es Wate r (69 a ) . Hodgso n (Fl . Gu m b . 3 16 ) gi ves i t a l so fo rBasse n t h wa i te a n d Crurnmoek , but w e h av e n ot yet see n i t i n e i t h e rlake .I n P otamoge tons of the B r it ish Is l es ( p . 40) t h e pedu n c les of

t h i s spec i es a r e stated to be f r o m 2 to 2 51 ” i n l e n gt h . We h av e

t h e m 541 " l o n g f ro m VVindermere .

P . PB Wulfe n i s a c h a rac te r i s t i c a n d beau tifu l deepw ate r spec i es f r eque n tly occ u r r i n g i n t h e lak e - wate r s up to 9 m . i ndept h , but u n commo n ly i n w ate r o f l es s t h a n 2 m . i n dept h . T h evari at i o n in l eaf- fo rm appa r e n tly fol low s t h at of P . perfbl iatus but i sm uc h l ess e xt r e m e . T h e fol low i n g tab le (U L) su m m a r i ses t h eva r iat io n s obse r ved and t h e i r r elatio n to t h e e n v i r o n m e n ta l co ndit ions :

Ave rage l eaf . Length Soil .

T 1 f

Length . B r eadth . bre adth . K O . CaO .

h o rma o rm 1 5 420 1260Wmdermere .

D eep w ate r , 6mm. 1 8 2 7

Ul l swate r (Ave r age) 1 6 2 4 340 280

E sthwaite (a) 16 53

(b) 10 4 3 460 2400

Lengths and b r eadt hs are ave rages of 10 mature l eaves .

T h e E sthwaite fo r m s a r e s t r ik i n gly d i ffe r e n t f r o m a n y o t h e r s w eh a ve see n , t h e l ea ves be i n g m uc h b r oade r i n p repo r tio n to t h e i rl e n gt h . D u r i n g 1919, w h e n c o n s ide r i n g t h e ecolog ica l c h a n gestak i n g plac e i n t h i s l ake , w e v e n tu r ed to a n ti c ipate t h e p r obableea r ly appea ra n c e of t h i s spec i es , a n d d i sco ve r ed i t t h e r e fo r t h e fir s tt i m e i n A ugust 1920 . P . p rae l onyus a l so oc c u r s i n Winderrnere,Co n i sto n , U l l swate r , a n d D e r w e n twate r .

P . LUL‘E NS i s a deep - wate r spec i es ve ry loca l ly fo u n d i n Wi n de r

m e r e, Co n i sto n , a n d Haw es Wate r , S i l ve rdale (v .

—c . T h is spec ie sdoes n ot occu r i n D e r w e n tw ate r , the r eco r d of i t by C . Bail ey fo rN .W. e n d of D e rw e n tw ate r ( Fl . Gu m b . 315 ) r efe r r ed to P . Zz

'

zii,w h i c h sti l l g row s t h e r e i n abu n da n ce .

I t s h ow s l i ttl e o r n o va r iat io n i n fo r m i n t h i s a r ea, but t h e l ea ves

of t h e pla n ts g row i n g i n t h e ca lca r eou s Haw es Wate r a r e alwayst h ick ly e n c r u sted w i t h ca r bo n a te of l i m e . T h i s ta r n

,h ow e ve r

,i s

o uts ide t h e l inrits of t h e Lak e Di st r i c t p rope r,a n d s h ould n ot be

co n fused w i t h t h e lake of the sa m e n a m e i n West m o r e la n d .

POTA M OGETON IN TH E E NGL I SH LAKES

x P . ANGU ST IFOLIUS P r es l (=P . Ze

'

zz

'

i Me r t . et Koch) i s ah yb r id o f P . yramineus x l acens . At p r es e n t i t i s o n ly fou n d i nDe rw e n twate r a n d Co n i sto n . III the fo r m e r i t g r ow s i n about 1 m .

of w ate r , a n d t h e lea ves ha ve a r edd i s h co lou r ow i n g to t h e p r ese n c eo f a n t h ocya n i n . T h es e spec i m e n s a l so f ru i t f r eely

,a n d both t h es e

d i st i n c t i ve featu r es ca n p r obabl y be att r i b uted to h ig h l ig h t - i n te n s i ty°

/o) a n d a co n seque n t h i g h rate of ca r bo n ass i m i lat io n. The

Co n i sto n spec i m e n s - g row i n g i n wate r abo ut 3 m . i n l e n gt h (L . l .

°

/o ) - lac k bot h t h e co lou r i n g a n d t h e f r ui t i n g of t h e D e rw e n twate r pla n t .D r . Hagst rom (C r i t . Res. 212) r e m a r k s t h a t

“ i ts f r u i t i n g - facu ltyappea r s i n so m e cases n ea r ly qu i te undirn in ished o r n o rmal

,i n m ost

cases co n s idera bly r educed , a n d i n ma n y qu ite lack i n g .

” “( bile t h i sac co rd s w i t h o u r own expe r i e n c e of t h i s spec ie s

, w e may add t h at thef r u i t i n g- capac ity— as i n t h e case abo ve— seems to depe n d I

'

erylarge l vupo n t h e l ig h t- i n te n s i ty a n d t h e r a te of ca r bo h yd rate sy n t h es i s

. Ift h i s i s h ig h , abu n da n t f ru i ts appea r , a n d i n our j udg m e n t t h i s i susua l a m o n g t h e la r ge r - l ea ved spec i e s of P o tamoge ton .

T h e lea ves of x P . anyus tzf ol ius s h ow l i ttle c h a n ge i n fo r m i nt h e h ab i tats f r o m w h ic h w e h a ve gat h e r ed t h e m . T h e a vera ge s izeof t h e De rwe n twate r spec i m e n s i s 14 c m s . lo n g x 2 8 c m s . b r oad

,the

Co n isto n . spec i m e n s be i n g s m a l le r , but h a v i n g t h e sa m e a ve rage p r opo r tio n s

,e .g. , 10 cms . lo n g x 2 ems . b r oad .

P . ALP INU S Balbis ( z P . r uf escens Sc h r ade r ) . T h i s spec i es i seasy to di s ti n gui s h w h e n t h e c h a ra cte r i s t i c co r iac eous float i n g lea vesare p r ese n t . T h ese a r e obo vate in s h ape , c u n eate a t the base , a n dh a ve pet io l es s h o r te r t h a n t h e la m i n ae . In t h e lakes

,h ow e ve r

,t h i s

spec i es— in conrrnon w it h m a n y ot h e r spec ies of P otamoye/on— ra r e lyp r od uces float i n g l ea ves , but t h e r edd i s h t i n ge of i ts subrnersed l ea ve sr ead i ly d i st i n gu i s h es i t ,Two d ist i n c t fo rms a r e m et w i t h t h at o f deep w a te r a n d low

l ig h t - i n te n s i ty . T h i s possesse s muc h lo n ge r l ea ves ( 10—12 ems . ) oft h i n n e r tex t u r e , a n d (2 ) t h e s h a l low - w ate r fo r m w h i c h h a s m uc hS h o r te r l eaves of t h i c ke r textu r e —ofte n

,i n deed , s ubco r iac eous . T h e

fi r s t occur s i n De rw e n twate r , U l l swate r , E sthwaite \V .,\Vindermere ,

a n d B lel ham Ta r n . T h e seco n d i s fou n d in t h e s h al low w ate r at t h eB lelham B eck i n Pul l Wyke Bay, NVindermere . T h i s beck fl ow sf r o m t h e ta r n of t h e sa m e n a m e , a n d t h e d iff e r e n c e i n h abi t of t h ea lpinus p la n ts g r ow i n g i n eac h w ate r i s p r i m a r i ly co n d i ti o n ed b y ad iffe r e n c e of l ig h t- i n te n s i ty co n seque n t upo n d iffe r e n c e of dept h i nt h e r espect i ve h ab itats . T h e two w idely d iffe r e n t fo rms pa ss i n to o n ea n ot h e r so g r adua l ly i n the va ry i n g dept h s o f wate r i n the ta r n , t hebec k

,a n d t h e lake

,t h a t i t ca n n o t be do ubted t h a t t h ey a r e m ere ly

s ta tes p roduced by local— a n d i n deed , ofte n c h a n gi n g— co n d it io n s .

[ X P . l an ceolatus S m i t h , g i ve n i n Hodgso n’ s F l . Gumb . 3 15 a s

occu r r i n g i n Basse n t h w a i te was obv iously a n i n co r r ec t dete rmi n at io n .Ne it h e r t h i s n o r a n y s imi la r spec i e s i s fo u n d t h e r e ]

P . GRA M INEU S L . (=P . heferop lzyl l us Sehreber) p r efers r e lat ively s h al low w ate r a n d so m e deg ree of s h e lte r . U n de r such corrditions t h e o rd i n a ry fo r m of the spec ies flou r i s h e s i n U l l swate r

,

Co n i sto n , “Tndcrmere , a n d Low eswate r . Occasional l v . h ow eve r , a

6 TH E JOURNAL OF BOTANY

v cry d i st i n cti v e deep -wate r fo rm i s fou n d . T h i s —the var . 70 779 11

pmhmcul a/a M e r at— possesses a l e n gt h e n ed ste m h av i n g a r ema r ka bl ede ve lopme n t of fol iage bel ow , few l ea ves abo ve , a n d ext r emely lo n gpedu n c l es— up to 95 i n c h e s i n l e n gt h . We h ave gat h e r ed t h i s fo r mi n U l l swate r , E sthwaite \Vate r , a n d De r w e n twate r . M r . A r t h . Ben

n ett i n fo rms us t h at t h e sa m e fo r m g r ow s u n de r s i m i la r co n d i t io n s i nth e G r ea t Lak es of Ame r i ca .

x \Vebe r (P . qrnmineus x perfo l ia fus ) i s a n extremel vva riable h vbrid local lv abu n da n t i n U l l swate r

,De rw e n twate r , “( in

de rmerc , a n d t h e R . Leve n , w h i c h dra i n s i t . A s most of t h eP . n itens fo r m s met w i t h i n t h i s cou n t ry g r eatly r e se m ble fo r m s ofP . gramineus , t h e h ybrid i s commo n ly co n fu sed w i t h t h at spec i es .P . gramineus h as s ess i l e subrn ersed l ea ves w i t h a g radual l y tape r edlanceolatc base , ser' r ulate ma rgi n s , a n d a n ac ute apex . P . m

'

fen s has

la n c eo late subrnerse d l ea ves w i t h r ou n d ed - co rdate hal f- claspi n g ba ses .Occa s io n a l ly , h ow eve r , i t pos ses se s stem l ea ves s imi la r to t h os e ofP . qmmzneus a n d t h e n prese n ts so m e d i fficul t y , but i n a l l suc h ca se st h e b ra n c h l ea ves h a ve + Iounded bases . Imm ature fru its are fre

que n tly formed , but so fa r as o u r exper i e n ce goes , matu r e a n d fe r t i l ef r u its a r e n ot p r oduced .

I n Pe ts . B r i t . I s l es 70 , t h e pedu n c l es a r e gi ve n a s “ s h o r t a n dstout .” We ofte n fi n d t h e m s le n de r , a n d h ave spec ime n s (res ieJ . O . H . ) f r om bot h Wi n de r m e r e a n d U l l sw ate r po ssess i n g pedu n c l e s6

" i n l e n gt h .

P . NATAN S L . As t h i s spec i es o n ly oc cu r s i n t h e r elat i velys h al l ow w ate r s n ea r t h e l ak e s h o r e s , a n d p roduc es o n ly co r iaceousfloati n g l eave s , i t p r e se n t s l i ttle va r iat io n i n fo r m , and i s , as n ea r ly a sposs i bl e , ide n ti ca l w i t h the type - spec i m e n of t h i s speci es i n theL i n n . Hbrn . We h ave see n i t i n De rw e n twate r

,Basse n t h w a i te

,

U l l sw ate r , Winderrn ere , Co n i sto n , E sthwaite W.

,a n d Low esw ate r .

I t al so oc cu r s i n m os t of t h e smal l e r ta r n s— e . g . E l t e rw ate r a n dB lel ham Ta r n . We h ave n ot m et w i t h i t i n e i t h e r Wastwater o rE n n e rdal e , a n d o n ly r a r ely i n B utte rme r e o r C r u mmock .

P . POLYG ONIFOLIU S Pou r r et . T h e u sua l fo r m of t h i s spec i es— se

ge n e r al ly d i st r i buted i n th e s h al l ow peaty d r ai n s a n d d itc h e s of t h ed i st r i c t— i s abse n t f r o m t h e lak e -w ate r s p r ope r , but i s r eplaced i na few of t h em b y a deep - w ate r fo r m— the so - cal l ed va r . pseudo

q i/(ms of Bosw el l Sy m e . I n t h e lak es t h i s oc cas io n a l ly p r oduces afew t h i n s ubco r iac eous float i n g l ea ves , but n o r m al ly i t possesse s o n lyn a r r ow elo n gated l a n c eolate l eav es atte n uated at the base i n to lo n gpeti ol es . T h i s ess e n t ial ly deep - w ate r state occu r s i n Wastwat er and

B IIt termere— poss i bly al so spa r i n gl y i n ot h e r l akes . I t m a y,pe r h aps

,

be a s w el l , at t h i s poi n t, to state t h a t w e do n ot co n s ide r t h i s fo rm at r ue “ va r i ety ,

” but m e r ely a g r ow t h - form co n d i t io n ed by i tse n v i r o n m e n t, a n d t h i s opi n i o n exte n d s t o al l the n a m ed “ va r i eti es ”

m e n tio n ed i n t h i s pape r . A l o n g a cqua i n ta n c e w i t h pla n ts of t h i sge n u s g r ow i n g u n de r ve ry va r y i n g co n d i t io n s a n d a n exte n dedc r i ti cal exami n atio n of t h e i r mo r p h ologi ca l d i ff e r e n c es h a ve co n v i n c edus t h at F rye r was u n doubtedl y co r r ec t i n stati n g (Pots . B r i t . I sl es ,4-1 ) t h a t “

the textu r e and s h ape of l ea ves a r e too i n co n sta n t toa ffo rd sat i s facto ry g rou n ds fo r va r i eta l d i sti n c t io n .

”

POTA M OGETON [ N THE EN GLI S H LAKE S 7

I’ . CR I SPU S L . Hodgso n ( l . co n s iders t h i s “ a ve ry co m m o na n d w i de ly difiused spec ies ,

’ ’ a n d co r r ectly , but i t i s c erta i n ly n o t soi n t h e la r ge r la kes . T h e fo r m w h i c h h as bee n n a m ed va r . sematus

Hudso n , oc cu r s oc cas io n al ly both i n E sthwaite Wate r a n d Haw esWate r (69 a) , but i s u n co m m o n o r abse n t els ew h e r e i n t h e lakes .

P . p ectinatus L . h as bee n r eco r ded (Fl . Gu m b . 3 18 ) fo r Bass e nthwa ite— p r obably i n e r r o r . At a n y r ate , w e h a ve n o t s ee n i t t h erenor i n a n y o t h e r la ke up to t h e prese n t . I t i s abu n da n t i n m uddyc alcareous taIns n ea r t h e sea ( 6 . g. U r sw i c k T '

,ar n v .

-.c 69 6) a n d in

t h e Ca ve n d i s h Dock a n d OImsgil l Reservo ir at BarrowWe h a ve co n s ide r ed i t adv i sab l e to co n fi n e t h e r eco rds give n

h e r ew i t h to those of w h i c h we h a ve pe r so n a l k n ow ledge,and h a ve o n ly

c i ted ot h e r s w h e n t h ey are admi ttedly i n co r r ec t o r we a r e u n ab le toco n firm t h e m . Ow i n g to t h e im m e n se a r ea to be su r v eyed

,a n d t h e

fact t h at m a n y of t h e spec ies a r e e n t i r e ly sub m e r ged,i t m ay w el l

h appe n t h at t h e l i st i s n o t e x h austi ve . How ev e r, w e h a ve bee n

e n gaged du r i n g the past 15 yea r s i n sys te m atica l ly exa m i n i n g t h eaq uat i c vegetatio n of t h e lakes , a n d du r i n g t h e past 3 yea r s h a vev is ited so m e of t h em m o n t h ly , a n d al l of t h e m se ve ra l t i m es i n t h eyea r . We fee l , t h e r efo r e , t h at t h e l i s t m ay be accepted as a fa i rr ep r ese n tatio n of t h e d i st r i but io n of t h e va r ious s pec ies of P otamo

ge ton i n t h e E n gl i s h Lakes at t h e date of publ i catio n .

THE TYPE - SPEC IE S OF PTERI S .

B YWI LLIAM R. M .Ixorv .

SEVERAL co n t r ibut io n s to t h e pages of t h is Jou r n a l o f la te h a vese r ved to foc us atte n t io n s h a r ply upo n ce r ta i n featu r es of t h e p r ese n tI n te r n ati o n a l Rules o f Bota n ica l Nome n c latu r e t h at ruany w r i te r s

( both B r i ti s h and Am e r i ca n ) look upo n as obj ec ti o n abl e , a n d to fo r ec ast e ve n tua l c h a n ges in t h e r u l es i n s e ve r a l i m po r ta n t r espects

,

n otably i n t h e typificat ion of ge n e r a by a defi n i te met h od of types . ”

T h e r e i s,obv io usly

,ge n e r a l des i r e fo r a n ag r ee m e n t i n w h ic h a l l may

u n ite . On t h e Ame r ica n s i de t h i s i s du e i n pa r t to a st r o n g d r iftaway f r o m t h e r ig id p r ov i s io n s of t h e so - ca l led Am e r ica n Code of1907 , a n d m ay be c r ed i ted la rge ly to t h e effo r ts o f t h e Co m m i tteeo n No m e n c latu r e of t h e B ota n i ca l Soc i ety of A m e r i ca

,sum m a r i zed

i n t h e i r t wo r epo r ts of 1919 a n d 1921 (S cience , II. s . xl i x . pp . 333

336 ; l i i i . pp . 312 F i r s t spec ies” r u les a n d t h e l ik e h a v i n g

fa i l ed f ro m ve ry a r b i t r a r i n es s , w id e m od ificati o n i n t h e meclrarrisrrrof appl y i n g t h e met h od of types i s now u rged . I t has e ve n seemedn ecessa ry to t h e co m m ittee to affirm t h at “ r ul es of n o m e n c latu r es h o uld co m m e n d th emsel ves as be i n g r ea so n ab le ,

” a n d that “ t h eys h ould be as defi n i te as is co n s i ste n t w i t h reaso n abl e n es s .” How e verax io m ati c

,t h i s appea r s n o t to h ave bee n w r i tte n i n a v e i n of co n sc io u s

i ro n y . At a n y rate, t h e rece n t effort h a s c lez ‘

grrly ga i n ed suppo r t fo rt h e type - bas i s idea i n ge n eri c n o m e n c lature , a n d i t i s co m i n g to ber ecog n i zed ve ry ge n e r a l ly t h at t h i s co n c ept i s no t at odds w it h t h ep r i n c i ples of t h e I n te r n atio n al Rules . To a g r eat m ajo r i ty of A m e r i ca n

T l l l i U l f l iU'

l AN Y

bo ta n i st s the u n i ve r sa l adoptio n o f t h e rnethod- of- type s p r i n c i pl ei tsel f seems t he irrrpo rtarrt t h i n g , IIhateI

'

er ru le s may eve n t ual ly be

ag r eed upo n fo r i ts a ppl icat io n . The depa r tu r e s of t h e neIIlI pro

po sed '

1ype b Isis Code from the code 0 1 1907 are a l l i n t h e d i r ec t i o no f reaso n able e la st ic i ty , so t h a t i n t h e eac s e of co m pos i te ge n e I t h ath av e repeatedly to be su bd i v ided , i t w i l l be poss ibl e to fix upo n types pec ie s i n c loser accorda n ce w i t h t h e de m a n ds of h i stori c usage .T h is w i l l m ea n doi n g away w i t h ma n y s ubst i tute ge n er i c n a m es

,

ofte n obsc ure , t h a t h arm bee n broug h t forward fo r o ld a n d w e l l -k n ow no n es in rece n t I

' e rr s . The case of the ge n us P ier is of L i n n aeus

( 175‘

l ) i s a n ex ce l l e n t o n e i n po i n t .As i s very w el l k n ow n , t h e n ame P fe 7 7s i s usual ly appl i ed to

a IIoIld w id e as se m blage of per h a ps 150 pter ido id Specie s h a v i n g as i n gl e indusiunr, a n d t he n ame P fe7“

°

7 ( l 7 77 777 to t h e seg r egate ge n u s o fa few spec iIs w i t h doubl e i n dusia , w i t h P . 77g777

° °

177777 777 astD

type . How

ever, I n se ver al r ec e n t Ame r ica n tlo ras ( l tv rgdbe F l o / 77 of {be

JfOLl / M oan /( 77773 , 19 17 ,Smal l , E 7 773 of 1 701777 777 F /0 7 7d77, 19 18 ;

B rit ten ,F /o7 77 of 170 7077777177 , t h e n a m e l zs i s u sed fe i

P . 779 77717 7777 a n d i ts a l l i es , t lie s pec i es of P /e7'

7s i n t h e u sua l se n s ebe i n g placed I I I Pycn odmm Pres l , a ge n us fou n ded upo n a s i n gl e Eas tI n d ia n spec i es i n 18 5 1 , a n d up to t h e prese n t t i n i e n eve r before take no ut of the syn o n ymy of P 177 73 i tsel f . '

1 h e confusion to be caused byt h e proposed IetIpiheat ion of P 10 7 7s , i n c l ud i n g t h e sw eepi n g c h a n gesi n vo l ved III t h e e ve n tua l re n ami n g of its very n ume rous spec ies ca nbe borne i f t h e ch Inge i s k n ow n to be n ecessa ry , but i t ca n n o t bej u st i fi ed if based sole ly upo n a rele n tle ss i n terpretat io n of some mi n orc ode tec h n ica l i ty . E v ident l v t h e t ec h n i ca l requ i reme n t I s j udged toex i st

,u n d e r t h e code of 1907 but a re v i ew of t h e fac ts s h e n s t h a t

t h i s bas i s i s s l i g h t , a n d t h at t h e suggested c h a n ge i s u n n ec essa r y a sw el l a s u n r easo n ab le . T he m o r e impo r ta n t facts m ay be summa r i zedas fol low sU n de r t h e Aurericarr Code P /e7 7s a s a L i n n ea n ge n u s

w ould be typi fi ed t lrro rur lr c i ta tio n s gi ve n i n t h e fift h ed itio n of t h eG enera P l 77777777 77777 S i n c e t h ere are

, h ow e ve r , n o c i tat io n su n de r P 16 7 73 i n t h at w ork , i t i s n ecessa ry to typi fy t h e ge n u s e it h e rw i th refere n c e to c i tati o n s gi ve n i n t h e ea r l ie r ed iti o n s of t h e G e n e rao r by a n a n alysi s o f t h e e l e m e n ts compr i s i n g L i n n aeus s co n c ept ofP l e 7

°

78 i n t h e Spemes P lan tm 77777.

III t h e 81777 0 70 3 7 77771777 77 777 (1753) t h e spec ies of

“ Pier is a r ea r ra n ged i n t h r ee g roups . T h e fi r s t, 177 0 777176773 s 7

°

777p l ic iss imis ,”

co n s i s ts o f fou r spec i es now r efe r r ed to t h e ge n e r a P a l l o777'77777,V il

7777 771 , a n d E s c lza l oywunnze ; the seco n d, s7777p l zczfe 7

'

etc . co n s i s ts o f s eve n spec i es now referred to P l e 7 7sN otho lama a n d Gymnop l eu s t h e t h i rd

,

“ 11 7 0 777776773 sub

3 7777 7 77 7770 3 73

, co n s i s ts of e ig h t spec ies, now placed i n

D 0 7yop /e 7 7°

.s ( l ) , P l a n/777777 10 77 7 73 P e l lwa a n d0 10 70176 77777 The tota l of 19 spec ies , t h e r efo r e , r ep r ese n ts 10ge n e ra belo n gi n g to t wo fami l i es o f ferns . Of t h e se

,n o few e r t h a n

e ig h t s pec ie st

belo n g to P l an'

s I n t h e h i stor ic a n d usua l se n se . No n eof

)

t he spec i es i s ofrj

'

pronounced eco n o m ic importa n c e . Sixtee n of t h e19 are a l toget h e r Am eri ca n , tw o are C h i n ese , and o rrl v o n e

THE TYPE - SPEC IE S OF PTER I S 9

no . 13 , P . 7797777 77777) i s E u r opea n . P l er is ( 79777177777 w as, i t must b eadmi tted

,t h e o n ly i n cl uded spec i es i n d i ge n ou s f r o m t h e sta n dpo i n t

of t h e aut h o r,but i t was a very m i n or e le m e n t i n t h e ori g i n a l

asse m blage of spec ies , a n d i t oug h t n ot now to be sel ec ted casual ly ast h e type of t h e ge n us , parti c u larly i n v iew of t h e s ubseque n t h i st orical facts . T h es e a r e , t h at t h e 779777277777 e l e m e n t was seg r egatedas a new ge n us , P l e7 7

°

d7°

77 777 by Scopol i i n 1760 ; t h a t t h i s ge n u s h a sfor m a n y yea r s past bee n recog n i zed as val id , aird u n der t h i s n ame ;and t h at t h e m a i n body of P ter is

” spec i es h a v e bee n co n s i ste n tlyr eta i n ed i n P ter is by m ost fe r n w r iters . '

1 h ere i s n ot h i n g to s h owt h at P . 7797777 77777 played a n y spec ia l part i n fo rmi n g t h e ge n eri cco n c ept of Linnwus . Mo r eo ver, i t i s e v ide n t t h at

D

°ot h er of t h ei n c l uded spec ies w e r e k n ow n to h i m i n a l i v i n g co n d i t io n . T h usof t h e 19 “ P ier is spec i e s of the Sp ec ies P l an tar um s i x ca r r y c itatat ions to “ P ter is

” spec ies of t h e Hortus Cl ifiort ianus . Of t he

six, t h e first two are P te7°

7s (1 7 and/f ol ia a n d P . 70 77977271777 ; t h e t h i rdi s N o tho lwna t7~7cko777a770 7des ; t h e fourt h i s .Do7yop 7

‘e7 73 p eda l a ;

t h e fift h a n d s i xt h are P fe7i° °

7d777777 aga 7°

l z°

77 77777 a n d P . 0 0 777777777777

respecti vely . Fi v e of the s i x are A m eri ca n , a n d t h ese w ere presurrrablyk n ow n to L i n n aeus fro m l i v i n g cul t i vated pla n ts .

Recapi tu lati n g br i efly . Of t h e 19 spec ies of P fe7°

28 i n t h e Sp eciesP l a 77t777 77 777 ei g h t, or n early o n e h al f, bel o n g to P ie7 7

°

s as common lv

u n de r,

stood w h i l e n o ot h er ge n u s h a s m ore t h a n t wo . T h i s pre

ponder iance coupled w i t h h i stor i c usage , s h o uld be sufiic ien t g rou n dfo r r eta i n i n g t h e appl i cat i o n of P /e7 7s In t h e u sua l se n se . Furt h erm ore

,of t h e e i g h t spec i es t wo (P . q7 a777r

7-7f ol za a n d P . l onn o l ia)w ere“presum abl y k n ow n to L i n n aeus

°

III a liv i n g co n d i t io n . T h e sel ect io n of P . Zoag7fol 7

°

a a s t h e type of P te7~7°s i n ac co rda n c e w i t h tac i tprac tic e

°

rs qu ite as justifiable as t h e c h o ic e of P . agz77° °

1777a u n der t hefo r m er code provisron t h at st ipulates for t h e se lec t io n of a n i n d ige n ou s Spec i es .

Typificat ion of P ter is t h r oug h the G enera Pl an iarmn l eads to as i m i la r co n c lus io n . As above m e n ti o n ed , t h e r e a r e n o c i tatio n s u n de rP te7~7°s i n t h e fi ft h ed it io n T h e fir s t ed i t io n ( 1737) co n tai n sw h at i s

,appa r e n tly , t h e first ge n eri c use of P 10 7 is by L i n n aeus . '

1 h ebr i ef d iag n os i s Fruct ificat iones i n l ineam, subtus cingen temmarginem fol ii, digestae

”— i s acco m pa n i ed by a br i ef refere n c e to“ Malp. 30

” a n d by c i tat io n of 13 plates of Plurn ier ’

s A m e r i ca nfe r n s . T h e Malpig h i refere n ce i s presumablI to pla te 5 1 , figu re 30 0( n o t fig . of Anatome P la771a7' 77 777 represe n t i n g a srrra l l

co n ven t io n a l i zed draw i n g of a fern scgrrrent , doubtl es s P /7' 7 7 777 77 777aq 777l i7777777, w h ic h

°

rs d i sc ussed bri e fly byo

Malpig h i a s (pageT h e 13 I’ lumier plates c i ted a r e al l A m e r ica n , and pe r ta i n to a t l eas ts i x ge n e r a s i x belo n g to P tcr is , a n d o n e to P ier -771777777.

Wit h a s i n gl e typog rap h i ca l c h a n ge , a n ide n t i ca l e n t ry occu r s i nthe seco n d , t h i rd , a n d fou r t h ed it io n s of the G 7 77e7

'

a i n 1742 , 1743 ,

and 1752, r espec t i vely . T h e r e i s n ot h i n g to s h ow t h a t Linnaurs°

s

c o n cept had u n de r go n e a n y cha n ge at t h e ti m e the fift h ed it io nappea r ed , 1754 .

Typifyi n g t h e ge n u s o n t h e bas i s of t h e fi r s t fou r ed it io n s of theGenera P 177777a7'77777, t h e r efo r e , i t i s s ee n t h a t t h e ba s i s of P l cr is i s

10 T im JOURN \ L O F nor an r

o ve rw h el m i n gly A m e r ic a n , a n d t h at w h i le s i x gen e ra a r e r ep r ese n tedamong t h e A m e r i can spec ies i l lus t r ated , P l c r is ( i n t h e usua l se n se )h as a lmo s t a m ajo r i ty , —s i x spec i es . T h e c la ims of t h ese s i x spec iesas typica l are about equal . H e r e , again , h i s to r i ca l usage m ay prope r ly be cons ide r ed and a f r ee - ve ined spec ies sel ec ted

,s ince t h e n etted

v e ined spec i es a r e comm on ly plac ed in sepa r ated sec tion s unde rd ist in ct i ve na m es . P . Iongaf o l ia i s a re aso n abl e se lec t ion , and t h i s i s ,in fac t , t h e type ind icated by C h r i sten se n in t h e Index F z

'

l icum.

An exa m inat ion of t h e L innea n l i te r atu r e t h us s h ow s t h at P ter isof Linmeus ca n be typified by P . aguil ina on ly by r ecou r se to a rul et h at an o ldest know n or ind igenous s pec ies mus t be selec ted as type .In t he p r es ent i n s tance t h i s w oul d r esul t in exc luding f r o m con s ide rat ion t h e la r ges t n u m e r ica l e l e m e n t of t h e o r ig inal ly i n c luded spec ies ,na m e ly P . l ongg

’

fol ia and al l i ed spec ies,k n ow n as P tem

’

s for m o r et h an a cen tu ry . T h e r e appea r s to be n o w a r r ant for t h i s

,ot h e r t h a n

t h e mandatory p ro v i s io n of a r ul e w h o se bas ic i dea i s essen t ia l lysound . To suc h a cou r s e t h e l ibe r a l sp i r i t of t h e new '

l‘ype

- bas i s Codei s d i r ec tly opposed .

But assuming t h at t h e c la i m s of.t h e n a m e Pter z

'

s to use i n i tst r ad i tional sen se coul d not be c lea r ly s h ow n , i t i s st i l l a l m o s t c e r ta int h at i t woul d ne ve r be r eplac ed i n co m m on usage ; nor

,in t h e w rite r ’ s

op in ion ,s h oul d i t e ve r be d i splaced . Unde r t h e type -bas i s o r any

ot h e r code or set of rul e s , it i s e v ide n t , m any i m po r tan t ge n e ra canr e ta in t h e i r usual n a m es on ly by spec ia l except ion , a n d t h e r e n eed beno m o r e t h a n pass ing r eg r e t o ve r t h e n ec ess i ty fo r a l i st of n ominaconser vanda . The p r i n c ipl e of “ sa ved ” n a m es i s logica l ly co r r ec t ,and i s qui te defe n s ibl e on g rounds of e xped iency alone . Suc h a l i st ,t o r e ce i ve ge n e r a l suppo r t , mus t natu ra l ly be subj ec t to r e v i s io n andbe r es t r icted to t h ose gene ra t h at, because of t h e ir eco n o m i c impo r tanc e ,n ume rous spec ie s , or in vo l ved nomenc latu r a l h i sto ry , h a ve l egit imatec la ims to being take n up unde r t h e i r b est know n na m es . I f p rope r lyco m pi l ed

,w i th a b r ief analys i s of eac h case , a ca r eful ly con s ide r ed

l i s t w oul d do aw ay w i t h a vast a m oun t of deta i led di scuss io n a i m ed atsav ing w el l know n ge n e r i c names by rul e ,

”and w ou ld m ake appre

c iably eas ie r t h e s tudy of plants t h e m sel ves . I n sp ite of h a r s h judgem ents o ften l e vel led at systematic bo tan i s ts , t h i s , r at h e r t h an t h es h uffl ing of names , i s s t i l l t h e i r c h i ef conce rn .

Smi t h son ian In s t i tut ion , Wa s h ingt on , D .C .

D R. STIRTON’

S NE W BRITISH MOSSE S REV ISED .

B Y H . N . D IXON , M .A . , F .L.S .

T H E l a te D r . James St i r ton f r o m time to time publ i s h ed pape r s ,r angi ng f rom 1870 to 19 15 , deal ing w i t h B r i ti s h mos se s , in t h e cou r seo f w h ic h h e desc r i bed nume rous new spec i es , reac h ing t h e cons id e rabl en umbe r of o ve r 1 10 ; t h at i s to say, an add i tio n of nea r ly 20 pe r c ent .t o the usual ly r ecogn ized to tal of B r i t i s h mo ss es . Du r ing D r. St irton

’

s

l i fe time ve ry l i ttle o ppo r tun i ty w as o ffe red fo r examin ing t h ese spec i es,

but s ince h i s deat h h is h e r ba r ium o f m o ss es h a s come into t h e possess io n o f the B r i ti s h Museum (Nat . H i st ) , and i t h a s bee n po ss i b l e to

DR . s'rrnron’

s BR IT I SH mossns 11

study al l of t h e m . In v i ew o f a fo r t h c o m ing 3rd ed it io n of t h eS tuden t

’

s H andbook of B r it ish M asses i t became necessa ry to

asce r ta i n t h e va lue of t h e se ; I h ave t h e r efo r e m ade a ca r eful in vest i

gat ion of t h e m ate r ia l in t h e co l l ec t ion , a n d i t appea r s des i r ab l e topubl is h t h e r esul ts at w h i c h I h a ve a r r i ved .

T h at out of t h i s la r ge n u m be r of spec i es al l but a ve r y few w i l lbe found i n the fo l low ing r e v i s ion to be r educed to t h e synony m y of

one o r othe r of our w e l lk n ow n m osses m ay see m to demand somejustificat io n . I t a r i se s f ro m two o r t h r ee d i st i n c t causes— p r ima r i lybecause St irton ’

s co n cept ion of a spec ies d iffe r ed mate r ial ly f rom t h a tof m o st of our b ryolog ists . T h i s is , of cou r s e, a m atte r on w h i c h not wo op i n io n s w i l l exact ly co inc ide , and it m ay be h eld p r esumptuousfo r m e to set m y opin ion agai n s t St irt on ’

s . But , afte r a l l , t h e r e i s afa i r ly r ecog n izabl e s ta n da r d of co mmon opin i on to w h i c h test anype r so n a l v i ew m ay be b r oug h t ; a n d the m ax i m quod sempe r

,quod

ub ique , quod ab o m n i bus , etc . i s appl icabl e to sc i ent ific a s w e l l as tot h eo log ica l doct r in e . I t could eas i ly be s h ow n ove r and ove r aga i nf r o m h i s ow n desc r iptio n s , qui te apa r t f r om anype r sona l indi v idualV i ew ,

t h at w h at to St i r to n cons t i tuted a spec ific c h a rac te r does not

often a m ount to m o r e t h a n w ou ld , in t h e opin io n of m ost b ryo logi sts ,gi ve at best t h e r a n k of a variety, usual ly of a fo r m on ly .

I n t h e second place , S ti r ton r e l ied to a con s ide rable e xtent , pa r t icularlyin ce r ta in gener a l ike Campy/1019253 , on minut i ae of cel l measu r em ent w h i c h n o ot h e r b ryo l ogi sts h ave found suffic i ent ly con stant or

w el l defin ed to be of r eal va lue as co n st i tuting spec ific c h a rac te r s .And, in add i t io n to t h ese gene r a l con s ide rat ion s , t h e r e a r e n atu r al ly ac e r ta i n n u m ber of h i s spec ies w h i c h mus t be r ej ec ted because foundede i t h e r on a n e r r or of obse r vat io n , o r by ove r look ing some affin i ty,

suc h as fal l s to t h e l ot of al l sc ie n tific w o r k e r s at one t i m e o r anot h e r .A m o r e d ifficul t p rob l e m i s h ow fa r so m e of the spec ies a r e en ti tled

t-o t h e r ank of va r i et ies . Opin ion t h e r e w ould p robably d i ffe r mo r et h an on t h e ques tion of spec ific r ank . I n t h e S tuden t ’

s H andbook Ih ave r est r ic ted t h e n umbe r of va r iet ie s w i t h in ve r y na r row l imi t s

,

so m e w ould no doubt say too n a r row . T h e h obby-ho r se of va r i etymak ing , w h e n r idden w i t h a loo se r e in , i s apt to run away w i t h i tsr ider. And co n s ide r at ion s of space h ave to be taken i n to accoun t .I h ave t h e r efo r e on ly in a few cases r eta ined St irton '

s spec i es in t h er ank of va r i eti es , t h oug h f r eely ad m i tting t h at i t i s open to quest ionw h et h e r c e r ta in ot h e r s m ay not dese r ve that r ank . On the w h o l e

,

h ow ev e r , t h e n umbe r of doubtful ca ses i s r eal ly few ; i t w i l l be seent h a t I h a ve , in t h e case of qu i t e a n um be r of t h e spec i es , ident ified t h e mw i t h va r i et i es al r eady ex i sting .

Mo r eo ve r , m any of t h e spec i es , espec ia l ly of CN NIPJ/IOPHS , are

based pu r e ly o r p r i n c i pa l ly on’ co lou r , a qua l i ty w h ic h , I t h ink , by

itsel f i s too supe rfic ia l t o be h ol d of s pec ific va lue , and on ly a re l v

s h ould co n s ti tute va r i eta l rank . Final lya c ertain num be r espec ia l lyof C’

ampgfl op as— a r e based almos t enti r ely on minute , quantitat i ve

d i ffe r ences of inte rnal , h i s to logi ca l s t ruc tu r e . Now w h et h e r righ t l vo r not , va r i e tal d iff e r ences as usual ly conc e i ved , a r e for the m o s t partcon ce rn ed w i t h ‘ exte rna l c h a ra cte r s ; and t h e r e w ould see m to beso m et h i n g i n co n g ruous , w h ateve r be t h e h i sto l ogica l value of t h e

12 TH E JO URNAL o r noranx

c h a rac te r,i n g i v i n g e . g . Campyl op us sympl ec l as S tirt . vari etal r a n k

unde r 0 . subul ams on t h e so l e g round t h a t ce r ta in cel l s o f t h e n e r vein t ran s ve r se sec t io n h a ve in t h e one a d ia m ete r o f 13—18

,u,and in

t he o t h e r of 10—14 a ! (of . Ann . Sco tt . Nat . H i s t . xiv . 108

In t h e succeed i n g no tes I h a ve no t t h oug h t it n ec essa ry to inc ludesome o f S t irton ’

s pla n ts w h ic h h a ve a l r eady been dea l t w i t h e l s ew h e r e ;e . g . G r immia re tracia S tirt .

, Campyl op as H un t ii S t irt .

I h ave to exp r e s s g r ea t o bl igat ion to M r . G epp for muc h h e l p i nt h e p repa r a t ion o f t h i s l i st ; and to M r . J . R . Lee for look ing out

c e r ta in r efe r e n c es o n ly to be obta ined at G la sgow .

T h e o r de r fo l low ed (and t h e n omenc latu r e ) i s t h at of t h e S h ulen l’

s

ILuzdboo/c of B ritish M asses . T h e loca l i ty in b ra cke ts,fo l low ing

t h e name of t h e spec i es , ind ica tes t h e s pec i m en o r spec imen s inS t irton

’

s h e r ba r ium on w h i c h m y notes w e r e based . T h i s w as

w h e r e ve r pos s i bl e the type o r o r ig inal gat h e r i n g , or one to w h ic h t h eaut h o r r efe r s in h i s desc r i ption as s h ow ing the c h a racte r s on w h i c h h er e l i es . St i r ton doe s not , a s a r ul e , ind icate t h e spec i m en w h i c h h econ s ide r s a s type ; but w h e n a packet i s l abel l ed a s “

o r ig inal, or

“ t h e mo st c h a rac te r i st ic plan t,” I h a ve selected t h at

, w h en t h e r emig h t be a doubt ; t h i s h ow e ve r r a r e ly a r i ses . In a few cases , i t w i l lbe noted

,St i r to n fa i led to ind icate anyloca l i ty for t h e pla n t desc r i bed .

S ti r ton unde r h i s desc r i pt ion s o f h i s spec i es f r eque n tly add sdesc r i bed i n ” o r pub l i s h ed in 1865 , 1866

”or some ot h e r ea r ly

date . T h i s i s , h ow e ve r , m i slead ing . T h e dates r efe r to m eet ingsw h en St i r to n ex h i b i ted and cal led atten t ion to m os se s w h ic h hedesc r i bed late r on ,

but n o desc r ipt ion s w h ic h w ould co n sti tute publ icat io n w e r e publ i s h ed o r ev e n gi ve n at t h e m eet ings .T h e ea r ly vo lum es of t h e P roceed i n gs of t h e G lasgow Nat . H i st .

Soc . f r equently refe r to t h ese ex h ib i ts , a n d test i fy to St irton’

s g rea tact i v i ty a t t h at t ime , and to t h e la r ge n u m be r of n ew ly detec tedspec i es w i t h w h i c h b e en r i c h ed Scott is h and B r iti s h

”

b ryo logy .

T h e dates gi ven in t h e p r ese n t l i sts , ext r ac ted by M r . G epp f r o mS t irton

’

s publ is h ed pape r s, g i ve, I bel i e ve , t h e firs t publ i cat io n i n a l lca ses .

Abb r ev iat ion s

Ann . Sc . N . H .: Annal s of Scotti s h Natu ra l H i s to ry .

Sco tt . Na t . — Sco tt i s h Natu ra l is t .Ha n dbook z S tuden t

'

s Handbook of B r i t i s h Mo sses .

Ponxrnrcnac em.

Oh’

f/oh' icbum ex iguam S t irt . in Ann . Sc . N . H . xv i. 173

(G lenfinnan ,Head of Lo c h S h i e l ; Sept . 190 (i. ) ba r ren plants .

I can see no r ea son w hate ve r for sepa r a t ing i t f ro m 0 . ban g/711mm.

It i s not e ven a ve ry smal l fo r m .

D ICRANACE E .

L eptoh'ichmn compac l um S t irt . in Ann . Sc . N . H . XV . 1 1 1

(Ben Law e r s , — T h e pack et conta ins tw o plants , one

n nodon tz’

umB r am/0 11i ; the ot h e r , w h i c h i s t h e plan t desc r i bed , i sD z

’

l rz’

chumfl eaicaa l e va r . densum. Sti r to n i n desc r ib ing i t says

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

11 THE JOURNAL or Bor anx

teet h w e r e ac tual ly p r ese r ved t h e capsul e m us t c erta in ly be long tosome i nte rmi xed spec i es , but it i s p r obabl e t h at i t was r a t h e r t h edefec t i ve condi t ion of t h e capsul e t h a t ga ve an i l luso ry appea ranc e o fteeth .

D z

'

c lzodon fium f a l vescens S tirt . in Ann . Sc . N . H . x v i i i . 245

(Co r°

,1a 11 11ea1 On i c h ; Aug. Sept , 1908 .

— St i1 to n basest h i s p r inc i pal ly o n t h e ne 1 ve pe1 cu1 1e 11t or excur1 ent (

“ Ne r ve r eac h e sape x in 1110 1 9 t h an two thil ds of t h e lea ves

,S ti r ton M S . in l1e1b .

and t h e a lmo s t smoo th ce l l s . But h i s spec i m en s,of w h ic h t l 1e1e a1e

plen ty , do no t bea r out t h i s obse r vat ion at a l l . I find no excu r rentn e r ve , on ly a few doubtful ly pe r cu r r ent ; and t h e ce l l s a r e no r m a l lypap i l lose fo r D . fl aves cens . S t i r ton m ust

,I t h ink

,h ave m i s inte r

preted h i s obse r vat ions of the l eaf- apex . I find i t ent i r ely s i m i la r toD .fl avesce7zs .

Oreowe isia serru lata (Func k ) Sch imp. i s stated by D r . B raith

wa i te (B r i t . M . Fl . 1 . 1641 ) to h ave been r eco r ded by S ti r ton f ro mBen Law e r s . T h e r e a r e t wo Scotti s h spec ime n s so named (w i t h ac e r ta in amount of doubt) in Stirton

’

s h e r ba r ium — (a) Ben Law e r sJuly, 1864 . T h i s i s A n oectaaqium 0 0 777pacz

‘77 777, a s h o r t fo rm m uc h

encum be r ed w i th so i l , and diff e r en t look ing f ro m t h e usual plant ;(6) Ben Law e r s ; 187 1 . T h i s i s a s m a l l fo rm of Wez

’

sz’

a cum-7

'

7'

ost7’

z'

s va r . s cabra .

D icrane l l a (e r ro r e typograph ico f usco- ruf a S t irt . in

Ann . Sc . N . H . xv . 108 (C 1a ig M o h r , A r i sa i g . ) —Sepa r atedby S t i r to n f ro m D . cur eata on t h e g r ound of ce r ta in “ r ed

,long,

cy l ind r ica l bodies among t h e o r d ina ry pa l e or g r een i s h pa rap h yse sof the flow e r s of bot h sexes ; toget h e r w i t h a laxe r a r eo lation t h anusua l

,and t h e l eaves s h a r ply se r r ated i n t h e uppe r t h i r d . Iam no t

c l ea r t h at I h ave detec ted t h e spec i al o r gan s in t h e flow e r s ; i t appea r st o m e t h a t t h e m atu r e pa r ap h yses co r respond fa i r ly w e l l w i t h t h ese ,w h i l e t h e o rd ina ry pa l e o r g r ee n i s h pa rap h yses a r e i m m atu r e onesme r ely . The s t r ongly de n t iculate subula i s due to t h e fact t h a t t h em o ss belo n gs not to D . cur va ta but to D . 77e te7'0 777a l la

,and I can see

onl v t h e o rd ina ry 6 plan t of t h at spec ies in t h e spec i m en s .D icranowe isia S at izer laml ii S t irt . in Ann . Sc . N . H . x v i i i . 168

(O 11 appl e - t r ee in ga r de n , Southbar, n ea r G lasgow ; May,

— T h is i s a n ot h e r o f t h e spec i es c r eated on t h e bas i s of t h ela r ge c e l l s , and co m pa r ed w i t h Qyn odon i imn Je777ze7

'

7'

in t h at r e spec t,

in r ela tion to O’. p o lycarpum. T h e m easu r eme n ts h e gi ves of the

uppe r ce l l s , h ow e ve r ( 13, 18 , or e ven 20,a l ong by 10— 14 11 w ide ) , are

by no m ean s e xtremely l a r ge f0 1 D 70 7 (7770 70 6 73 777 0 77 7 0 177 w i t h w h ic hhe co 1npa1es i t . A s pec imen picked out at 1andom f1 0 111 my he1ba1 ium

( 0 11 (1 11 r1ck s mul ben y t 1 ee , A l 1ington , N 0 1 thampton ) has t h e mequa l ly w ide . T h e ce l l s ligu1ed in t h e

“ Ha n dbook ” m easu r e about15— 16

[u by 10— 13 17 . 1 can see no g rounds for sepa rating t h e Scotti s h

plan t f rom D . c irra ta e ve n as a fo rm, on t h i s sco r e . T h e septategemm ae desc r i bed by Sti r ton a r e al so c h a rac te r i s t i c o f D . 0 7

'

7'

7'

ata (cf .

Co r ren s , Ver1n ehr .,&c . p .

Campyl op as a t tmzua l as S t irt . (C. bre vip ilus va r . a t tenuatus Stirt .

in A11 11 . S c . N . H . v i . 1 19 (U nst , S h et la n d ; — To

m y m ind t h is i s s i m ply a fo r m of 0 . brc vip il as w i th t h e h a i r - po intsundeveloped .

1111. srm'

ron’

s B R IT I SH mos se s 15

Campyl opus aurescens Stirt . i n Ann . Sc . H . v i i i . 104

(Benbecula ; — A fine fo r m o r v a r . of C'. (7 7 6 77 72171778 , but i tm ust be r efe r r ed to va r . aur icu l a l as Fe rg , I t h ink , w i t h out anydoubt .

0 . citrescens St irt . i n T ra n s . Bot . Soc . E dinb . x x v i . 245

(P loc kton , Ros s- s h i r e ; l 913 . )— T h i s on ly d i ffe r s f rom t h e o r d ina ryfo r m s of C. f ragil is in h a v i n g t h e la m ina no t or sca rce ly n a r row edat the in se r t io n a so m ew h at unusual , but not ve ry i m po r tant de v iat ion f r om t h e type . T h e m ounted s l id e of t h i s spec ies a t t h e B r i t .Mus . (Husnot , M . Ga l l . ag r ee s w i t h S tirton ’

s plant a lmo s texac tly .

0 . crenala tus St irt . in T ran s . Bot . Soc . E dinb . x x v i . 24A

(P lockto n ; — I find n ot h i n g in e i t h e r desc r ipt io n or ac tua lplant t o sepa rate it f ro m C’

. fl exuosus , of w h i c h i t i s a r at h e r ta l lfo r m .

0 . Fergusson ii St irt . in T ran s . Bot . Soc . E dinb. xx v i . 243

(P loc kto n l 913 . )— T h i s i s a fa i r ly o r dina ry fo rm of C.

of a pal e r g r ee n t h an usual . St i r to n desc r ibes t h e uppe r c el l s a s noth a v i n g t h e s ig m o id fo r m usua l in 0 . 7777 0 7777 6 773 . T h i s i s m o r e o r

l es s t rue of t h e you n ger l ea ves , but i n t h e o lde r l ea ves t h e c el l s arequ i te n o r m a l .

O’. f ul vo - 777

'

r idis Stirt . in Ann . Sc . N . H . x i . 105 (Lew i s ,Oute r H eb r ides ; Aug.

— I ca n find n o t h ing e i t h e r in t h edesc r i pt io n o r i n t h e s pec i m en s to sepa r ate t h i s f ro m C. brevip il us .

0 . f usco- luteus St irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . v i . 1 17 (BenV oirl ic h by Loc h Lomond 1866 ; o r i ginal spec i m en . )— S ti r ton (I.

gi ves 18647 as t h e date of co l l ec ting, a n d states t h at t h e spec ies w as

publ i s h ed i n 1865 , but I ca n not t r ace t h i s publ i catio n . T h e spec imenexa m i n ed i s qu i te ind i stingui s h abl e f r o m C . subu lams va r . e l ongah zs ,exc ept t h at t h e stems a r e r ad iculo se be low , a c h a rac te r w h ic h b r ingsit ve ry n ea r to 0 . S chwnper i. A fu r t h e r spec imen of S t irt on

’

s w as

se n t m e by D r . B ra i t h wa i te,as C'. suba l atus i n h i s opin ion , a dete r

m i n at ion w i t h w h ic h I e n t i r e ly ag r ee .

0 . l eucopkceas St irt . in Ann . Sc . N . H . x i i . 110 (G a i rl oc h ; Sept . — Sti r to n doe s not state t h e o r i g in of t h e plan tdesc r ibed by h i m , t h oug h i t i s i m pl i ed t h a t i t w as f r om Ta r be r t inHa r r i s . T h e spec i m en f r o m Ga i r loc h i s a late r one, but was sen t meby Stirto n as t h e co r r ec t t h ing , and i t ag r ees qu i te w e l l (except inone r espect ) w i t h t h e desc r ipt ion , so t h a t i t m ay be accepted a sgenu i n e . T h e so l e d iffe r enc e f rom the desc r i bed plan t i s t h a t 1 canon ly find h e r e and t h e re a spo rad i c steroid cel l 0 11 t he vent ra l s id e o f

t h e G u ides , to just i fy S tirton’

s desc r ip tion of i t a s a P a l inocrasjn'

s ;

w h i le in ot h e r respects h i s desc r i ption po ints to C’. fl exuosus , qui te

dec ided ly . I m ake i t w i t h out doubt C . j/ea'

uosus var. paradoa'

us ,

w i t h w h i c h t h e desc r i pt io n of t h e gen e ra l leaf c h a rac te r i s enti re ly inac co rd . T h e p r ese n c e h e r e and t h e r e of a few ste ro id ce l l s o n the

vent r a l s ide of t h e Guide s mus t be looked upon as an abno rma l ity.

0 . 77ze lap77a7777s S tirt . in Ann . Sc . N . H . x i i . 1 10 (Tayval l ich ; Aug. o r Sept . — In myOpin io n G fl a ruosus . St i r ton ,

in a l e n gt h y corr esponde n ce w i t h me about t h i smo ss , 111e11t io ned t h att h i s h ad been t h e opin ion of anot h e r b ryo logi st . He placed m uc hst r ess o n the black i s h co lou r of the low e r , o lde r pa rt o f the tufts . a n d

16 THE JOURNAL or BOTANY

al so on ce r ta in l ine d i s tinc t io n s i n t h e s ize of the c el l s in d i ffe r e n tpa r ts o f the ne r ve , as betwee n t h i s and 0 . fl exwosus , in w h i c h Iwasnot abl e to fo l low h i m . As to t h e co lou r , I h a ve se ve ra l spec i m en s inm y h e r ba r ium of u n doubted 0 . fl exuosns , n otably in t h e va r . pamdoxus , s h ow ing t h e b lack i s h co lour in t h e o lder lea ves , and I do no t

t h ink t h i s ca n be co n s ide r ed of i m portanc e .0 . obte cms S t irt . i n T r a n s . P r oc . Bot . Soc . E dinb . x x v i . 426

(Ploc kto n ; — Ce r ta in ly Q fl exuosus va r . paradoxus .

S t i r to n w r i te s no au r ic l es , p r operly so cal led .

”But on a fu r t h e r

spec i m en of sa m e local i ty and date h e w r i te s t h e l ea ve s now s h owd is t inc tly bul bous bases ; 31 Ma r . , 1916 — t h us i l lust r ating t h eva r iab i l i ty of 0 . fl ex zw sus . He a l so w ri tes O'. obtecz

‘us or C'. 0 650 0

tans , i n sched . N o doubt t h e n a m e r efe r s to t h e h abi tat (0 11 at h atc h ed roof) , and obtec tans w ould h av e been m o r e co r r ec t .

0 . p e l icl /ms S tir .t in Scott . Nat . No . x i . p . 233 (Benb cula ; 10 Aug. , 1885 .

— D esc r i bed by S ti r ton a s a subsp. of C’. bre vi

p il us . I can see no good r eason , e i t h e r in t h e desc r ipt io n or i n t h eplants , for sepa rat ing i t f ro m t h a t , e ve n as a va r iety .

C'. p erqracil is S t irt . in Ann . Sc . N . H . x i v . 105 (C r a i gMo h r

,A r i sa ig ; Aug.

— D esc r ibed by S t i r ton as inte r m ed ia teb etwee n C’

. f i'

ayil z'

s and C'. pyr gformis . Fo r m s of t h i s pe r plex ingc h a r acte r do o ccu r , but

'

w i t h l i ttl e con s tan cy in c h a r ac te r s . I s h o uldc al l i t a robust fo r m of C. pyriformis w i th n e r ve r at h e r w ide r t h anusuah

C . perp l exmzs S t irt . in T ran s . Bot . Soc . E dinb . x x v i . 217

( Ploc k ton ,Ros s - s h i r e ; Aug.

— S ti r to n co m pa re s t h i s w i t hC . ah '

ovirens , as d iff e r ing m ostly in t h e basa l a r eo la t ion— b ut doesnot say how . I find no d i ff e r e n c es t h e r ec tangula r sup r a - a la r ce l l spe r h aps r eac h h ig h e r in t h e l eaf t h a n usual , a n d t h e ve ry n a r rowm a rg i n a l c e l l s a r e pe r h aps m o r e m a r ked t h a n commo n ly .

U. p or op lzor us S tirt . in Ann . Sc . N . H . x . 113 (Gap of

B an loc , I r e la n d ; G . E . Hunt, — T h i s was s en t to S ti r ton as

U . se tif‘

o l ius . H e sepa rates i t f r o m t h at a n d 0 . S leawz'

i ent i r ely on

t he g rou n d of the low e r c e l l s h a v ing d is tinc tly po rose c el l -w al l s . But

a s 0 . se tzf o l ius f r equently, i f not no rma l ly h as t h ese , t h e d i stinc t ionvan i s h e s . T h e m ounted s l ide at t h e B r i t i s h M useum , fo r i n s tanc e

( Ki l la rney, B ins tead ) , s h ow s t h e po r ose w a l ls d is tinc tly .

O. pmsino - r zg‘us S t irt . in Ann . Sc . N . H . xv . 108

( C ra i g Mo h r , A r i sa ig ; Aug. 190 t . )— S t i r ton gi ves no loca l i ty in h i spubl is h ed desc r i pt ion ; but as t h e abo ve i s t h e on ly spec i m en unde rt h i s na m e in t h e h e r ba r ium,

i t i s e v idently h i s type . It i s s implyO . a t i oviw n s va r . ma l iens M ilde .

’

1 here i s indeed not h ing in t h edes c r i pt ion to suggest anvthing d iffe r en t .

C . p zu pmascens S t ii t . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x . 109 (Ta rh e r t 111 Ha r r i s ; Aug. 1890 .

— Sti r ton s ent me se ve ra l of h i s gatheiings of t h i s moss

,w h ic h I was unable to s epa rate f ro m C. S clzwmzzi.

In h i s r e ply to m y let tei suggesting t h i s h e sent “ a m e r e sc rap of

w h at Prof . S'

chimpe1 cons ide r ed 0 . S ci/ 10mzii,” add ing t h a t “ in fac t

w e h a ve compa rat i v ely l i ttle of t h i s UampyZOpus i n Scotland .

” H efu r t h e r s tates t h a t C'. pm

’

puras cens be longs to a qui te d i ffe r entS ec t io n of Campyl op us , and co n c lude s t h at t he d iffe r e n c e of opin io n

1111. srm'

ro is’

s B RIT I SH n os sE s 17

is due to myn o t h av i n g spec ial ly s tud ied t h is ge n us , as h e h ad done .T h e r e see m s n o t h ing fu r t h e r to be sa id , except to ca l l a ttent ion to

t h e fac t t h at S t irton ’

s v iew as to the r a r i ty of C’. Sc /zwurz zi in

S cot land is not s h a r ed by ot h e r b ryo log ists (cf . t h e l i s t of loca l i t iesfo r t h i s spec ies in B r a i t h wa i te , B r 1t . Mos s Flo r a ) and t h at M r . W. E .

N i c h o l son en ti r e ly ag r eed w i th m e in r efe r r ing C'. pm'

pm'

ascens and

0 . symp l ec tus to U. S’

c lrwaa'zii. T h e aurie l es are no doubt lessdeve loped t h an i n t h e typ i ca l fo rm o f t h at spec ies , but i f t h i s w e re t obe h e ld a c h a rac te r s uffi c ient on w h ich t o base a spec i es , ot h e r s, e . g.

,

Ozfl ex‘

uosus , w ould h a ve t o be spl i t up into se ve ra l spec ies .0 . rubz

’

gin osus S t irt . in Ann . Sc . N . H . xv . 109 ( C r a igM o h r , A r isa ig ; Aug.

- T h i s is a ve r y d is t inc t and w e l l -ma r kedfo rm of 0 . fl exwoszzs va r . p ar adox e s . I find no t h ing to sugges t anyd iffe r ence ; t h e r edd ish co lou r a t base emp h as ized by St i r ton seemsto m e a ve ry f r equent featu re of U. fl exwosus— al m os t indeed aspec ific c h a rac te r ! T h is spe c imen s h ow s ve ry w e l l t h e r ema r kablepo lymo r p h is m of leaf fo rm and apex t h a t i s usual ly ass o c iated w i ththe va r . p ar adox e s, t h e same stem s h ow ing some l ea ve s w i t h a n a r row ,

a lmos t subulate apex , a n d o t h e r s broad , obtuse,cucul late

,a lmos t

cymbifoO. subcinereus Stirt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . v i i i . 105 (Ta r

be r t i n Ha r r i s ; Aug.

- C-empa red by S ti r ton w i t h 0 . pyr i

f ormz’

s . I t i s one of t h e not inf r equen t and puzzl ing fo rms to w h ic h1 h a ve r efe r r ed in t h e Handbook ,

” in te rmedia te betw een C. pyr i

f o f

rmis and 0 . jl exuosus . I t is a tal l pla n t , o ve r an inc h in h e ig h t ,w i t h b r own co lou r and r obus t s tems , but w i t h t h e fil iform leafsubula of C’

. pyr é/ormz'

s ; in st r uctu r e qu ite as in afl exzzos us, but

w i t h out,o r w i th l i ttle t r ac e of aurie les , and on ly occas iona l ly t h at .

I t i s be tte r c h a rac te r i sed than m os t o f the plants a l r eady dea l t w i t h ,but I canno t see any c lea r c h a r ac te r by w h ic h to sepa rate i t f rome i the r 0 . pyr ijbrmés o r O.jl exuosus sat i s fac to r i ly .

(T o be con t inued .)

NOTE S ON THE ACE A’.

Br T . A . 8 111111 0 1113, B .se .

,F .L. S .

UNDER Art . 46 of t h e Inte r nat iona l Rul es , Theorem" i s t h e co r r ec tname for t h e fami ly commo n ly know n in t h i s coun t ry as Yer /( s l urmio cew ( see Jou rn . Bo t . Faw cett and B end le

’

s N o teson Ja m a ica Terns trwmiacew (J ou r n . Bo t . 1922, 362 ) sugges t thefo l low ing re m a r ks

1 . 0 13 11 3111 .

T h e ge n us Clap/era T h unb . (Nov . G en. PL 68 ; 1783 ) w as basedon C

'. japom

'

ca T h unb . , an e ve r g r een s h r ub w h ic h g r ew n ea r Naga saki,

Japan . T h unbe r g c i ted “ M okokf”

or“ Mukokf

”o f Kaemp fe r

(Amoen . 77 4 , 8 73 ; 1712) as a synony m of ( l jap on icu. By 1 793

h e had come to t he conc lus ion t h a t Chg/cm was congene r i c w i t hTe i ' l zs tv'wmm,

and p ropo sed t h e name T. japan /ml fo r the type - s pec i esJo unnxn o r [ .L-i x i

'

xm,1023 )

18 117111; JOURNAL or 110

7

17

1 11 17

(T ra n s . L i n n . Soc . 11. 335 ; Mokokf i s ad m i ttedly a1 67 0377770 , and was figu r ed in 1835 by S iebo l d and Zuccarini

(Fl . Jap. 148 ,t . 80 ) unde r t h e n a m e 1 . 777170 7770 77 . Thunberg

’

s

1 eduction of t o T6 7 773 17 7 6 777777, and h i s p r e v ious c itationzD

of

an undoubted s pec ie s of Ta ns /7 713777777 a s a synonym of C. 77710 0 7770 77

h av e l ed t o t h e conc lus io n t h at T h unb . was a synonym of

T h at t h i s i s e17

10 neous i s e v iden t f ro m h is gene r i cdesc r i pt ion , w h ic h i n c luded t h e c h a rac te r s “

anthcrae hirtze”

and

stylus Iil iformis .

”S i ebold and Zuc carin i ( l . c . 149 ) po in ted out

t h at T hunbeig h ad co n fused t wo spec i e s under a n d t h eyappl i ed t he name T6 77 773 7‘7 037777771 0170 77 70 77 to

“ M okokf”and

j'

aponzca t o t h e o t h e r spec i es . '

1 h ey 1ecogn ized ( l . c . 154 ) t h a tT h unbe rg s gene1 ic desc 1 1ption h ad been d1aw 11 up f ro m t h e latte r , afac t w h i c h see m s to h a ve bee n o ve r looked by 1 eccnt ivi 1tc 1 s T h e i 1s tate m ent t h a t t h e spec ific desc r i ption r e fe r r ed sole ly to Mokokf

i s inco r r ec t , s i n c e t h e p h ras e“ flores ax i l l a r es

,u n us , duo ve l t r es ,

pedunculat i ag r ees w it h (1 77710 0 7770 77 ( S ieb . et Zuc c . t . and i sinco n s i s ten t w i t h 1 74 0170 7770 77 ( t . w h ic h h a s t h e “ intercalarv

”

i nflo r esc e n c e (Pa r k i n in Jou r n . L inn . Soc . , Bot . x l i i . 5 12 ; 1914)c h a r ac te r i st i c of T6 77 7zs t77 66 7777

'

77 .

T h u n b . i s , in fac t, ide n ti cal w i t h t h e genus desc r ibed byBe n t h a m (Be n t h . et Hook . f . G en . Pl . i . 183 1862 ) unde r the na m e

DC . , and 0 . japonzca T h unb . i s t h e same as 0 . jap on ica.S i eb . et Zucc . (Fl . Jap . i . 153 , t . No confus io n n eed h a vea r i se n had not l ater aut h o r s assum ed t h a t T h unbe rg was co r r ec t inc i t ing “Mokokf

”unde r 0 . jap on ica , a n d attempted to inte r p r et

Thunberg’

s ge n us a n d spec i es n ot by h i s descri pt io n but by Kaempfer’

s

fi ure.gT h e na m e T6 77 773 t77 077777

'

77jap onica T h unb . bei n g a m e r e sy n o n y mof jap om

’

ca ca n n ot l egi ti m a te ly be appl ied to any ot h erspec ies . H ence t h e co mmon ly know n as T . jap on icas h ould now be cal l ed T . GYMNANTIIE RA (Ol eyera gy7777m77fl76 7

'

aWig h tet Arn . Prodr. 87

2 . E ROTE UM AND FRE ZIE RA.

Starting f r o m t h e assum pt io n t h at 77 T h unb was a sv nonymof 1 6 7 775 77 037777 0 , Faw ce tt and Rend l e ( l . h a ve suggested t h a t t h ename 1717 0 76 77777 s h ould be used for t h e ge n us typified by E . 7176 66 0 7716 3

Sw . But , as s h own abo ve , Cl og/6 7 77 T h u n b . i s DC . T h e r efo r e , pi esuming t h at t h e O ld ) l d s pec i es , 77 0 077777766 717 DC .

and ot h e r s , a r e co n ge n e r ic w i t h the New Wo r l d 177776 2 76 7777 75776 66 0 7716 3 Sw .

and al l i es ,”the ea r l i es t na m e for t h e genus i s not E 7

7

0 t6 77777 Sw .

but T h unb . Faw ce tt and Itendle al soreco m m ended t h at t h e name F 776z 7

'

6 7'

77 Sw . ( 1800 ) s h ould be r e ta inedfo r the genus typ ifi ed by 1377 0 16 77 777 7777717710 777777 Sw . But F 7 i santedated by Le t é somia Ruiz et I’ av . A fu r t h e r obj ec t io n tot h e nomenc latui e pi Opo sed by t h e m i s t h a t P 7

7

ezze 7 a Sw . was abso

lutely syno ny m ous w i t h E 7 0 f€7l iil pi opo sed a s inglegenus to w h ic h he unfo i tunate lv ga ve t w o na m es

, E 7 076 77 777 and

How , t h en , can h e be c i ted as t h e authmity 10 1 t wod ilfe l e nt ge n e ira beai ing t h ese n a m e s .

7’

NOTE S ON T IIE ACFZJF. 19

3 . LAPLAGEA 0 11 LTND L E YA .

Fawcett and Rendle see m to h a ve o ve r looked t h e d iscuss ion on

t h i s subjec t in Jou1 n . Bo t . 1922 , 5 2—54 . L 7 77 7116 7/77 Nees admit t c d l vantedates 13771717766 77 H . B . K . But i ts ado ption w ould in vo l ve the

1 eplace1nen t of L i777116y77 H . B . K . ( l iosaceze ) by I nn /[ 6 776 1177 11\ dbWhy c h ange such 11 el l know n ge n e r i c n ames as L 77171776 6 77 and L 7 777I

H . B . K . w h en t h ey m ay be 1 1 t 11 111ed by h eating L 77171776 6 77 as 11

“nonien conservatum”

? Su re ly t h ese names s h oul d be used unti lt h e nex t I nte r nat iona l Cong r ess h as dec ided w h et h e r 1277171776 6 77. s h o u ldbe placed on t he l i s t or not . To m ake new comb inat ions now unde rL 1777116ya Nees woul d a m ount to p r ejudging t h e ques t ion .

NOTE S ON CARNARVONSH IRE PLANTS .

BY H . W. PUG SLEY , B .A ., F .L .S .

T HE fo l low i n g n ote s h av e bee n compi led f1 om plan ts co l lec tedd 11i

°

111g fou r h o l idays spe n t at Llanfaii fechan°

111 t h e yea r s 190 2 , 190 5 ,

192 1,

23

and 1922 , and t wo bi iefer so jou r n s at Llanbe 1 is in 1917 and

19 18 . T h ey m ay be 17 7

ega1ded as a cont inuat ion of the pape r s 0 11

Ca r na r vo n s h i r e plants publ i s h ed in t h i s Jou rna l by D 17

. G . C . D rucein 1902 , t h e late Re v . E . S . M a r s h a l l

,w i t h Mess r s . B ick h am

Shool bred , in 1913 , and M r . C . E . Salmon in 1917 . A l l t h e local it ie sc i ted fa l l w i t h i n D i st r i c t 11 of M 1

7

. G r i ffit h ’ s F 10 77 77 of A ngl esey 777771

0 7777 77 7777 770 778171776 P lants m a r k ed w i t h a n aste r i s k a r e be l i e vedto be new cou n ty r eco rd s .

T170 17°

6 7577 77777 7711777777777 L . Cwm Boch lwyd— 13777777776 771773

p 17y1177s Web. Edge of L ly n Padar ,n n ea r Lla11be17 is .

— R . 776 7 73 L .

va r . 78 16 776 771 T h e smal l a l pine fo r m of t h i s , usua l ly one

flow er ,ed co m m o n on t h e w et ro cks of Ysgo l ion D uon .—C

'771{17 77

77771773 17 73 L . va r . 7777770 77 Sy m e . Carnedd L l ew e ly n . — T77o l l 7°

77s 6 7777

0

pwus L . Ysgo l ion Duo n .

1777777777 777 L . var. B 77177°

77g10 77 7°

7°

Pugsl . Lla n dudno,

Dega n w y , L la n fa i r fec h a n —.F 77 777

7

17777 6 0 Pugsl . va r .Pugs] . G loddaeth (A . O . Hu m e ) .

—F . B 0 77

a6 7°

Jo1d . va r . 10 77777 707 77 7

77377777 Pugs] . F0 1me11yf r equen t about Lla11fai1 1°

echan, bot h 111 cul t i

vated g round a n d loos e ston e w al l s of the h i l l s ide lane s 11110 1 6 , butsca r c ely n ot iced 111 1921 and 1922 . A s ingl e fine plant in a potatoplot at Bango r 1922 . B as t 7777

°

7177°

Bo r . F i equen t in cul t i vatedg ro .und Dega n wy , Llanfai1fechan , Abe1 — va1 17 7

°

176 77777°

0 77 Pugs l .

See n in one fie ld at L lanfaii fechan ,w i t h t h e type ( 1922

777777 71777777777 17 G r 1e 1t O r m e ’

s Head ; s h o1 e 7

1t Ll11nfai1 fee~ha1i .

~— C'0 6 1716 777 777 771777 7777Wat s Wetmch s ot l‘oel 17 as, 1 w o l 1on Duon

V 7°

0 177 27771773 17773 L . No tic ed in Cum Boch lw 1 d . No m ounta in

l ocal i ti e s a r e give n for t h i s spec ies in M 17

. ( iritlith s 1710 77 77 .

P o ly/777177b

.57

6 717 7/11716 6 77 We i h e .

'

1 h i s appea1 s to he the usua lmi l kwo r t of t h e in land h i l ly d i st r ic ts . F reque n t , usual ly w i t h blueflow e 1 s , in Na n t F ran con , Cwm Bochlwyd , ctc .

77777077 0 8 77 Opiz. Wood a t G loddae 77771

L . va r . 71117 7 77 77777 G 1 en . \Vet ro ck s o f 1 0 1 1 h a s and Ysgo lion

We l s h plan t i s mtt l h etl no t un l v 111 its 17. 7

11ge

(7


fl ow e r s but by i ts subacute sepal s a n d r elat i vely n a r r ow , acute a n dr oug h ly h a i ry l eaves . I t does n ot appea r ide n ti ca l w i t h so m e of t h ela r ge - fl ow e r ed Scotti s h fo r m s , 0 .g. t h e pla n t of t h e L i ttl e Culrannock ,w h i c h , exc ept fo r its l a r ge flow e r s , see m s i n separa bl e f r o m t h e co m m o nlow la n d fo r m of t h e spec i es — Sagina mar z

’

iz’

ma D on . Co n w ay .

Sp ergulm'ia marginata Kitte l va r . gl andul osa D ruc e . P l e n t i ful by

t h e sa n dspi t n ea r Lla n fa i r fec h a n (w i t h f . glabres cens t h epetal s va ry i n g i n dept h of c o lou r .Hyp er icmn pu l chrum L . ByLake n en . Not r eco r ded fo r

t h e mou n ta i n d i st r i c ts i n t h e F l ora .

G eran ium p ro tease L . Roadsid e n ea r Capel Cu r i g,1922 .

"‘E rodz’

mn L ebe l ii Jord . S h o r e nea r Lla n fa i r fec h a n . T h i s pla n t,desc r i bed as B r i t i s h by Mess r s . Bake r Sal m o n i n t h i s Jou r n a l

( p . 125 ) .fo r 1920 , see m s r ead i ly r ecog n i zable by its mosckaz‘mn - l i k e

h ab i t a n d fol iage , a n d w h i ti s h flow ers . I n ot ic ed i t as di s t i n c t m a n yyea r s ago n ea r VVoolacombe , N . D evo n .

R osa rubigz'

nosa L . Nea r Lak e n en (poss i bly pla n ted ) .E pz

’

lobiuma lsinefo l iumV i l l . Head of Abe r V al ley ; above Llynan -Af o n .

An ilzrz'

scus vulgar is B e r n h . G loddaeth H i l l s,Ll a n fa i r fec h a n .

P eucedanum Os irufiu’

umKoc h . Natu ra l i sed in a fie ld a t O ld Lla nbe r i s .

Senecz'

o o iscosus L . I n t h e s h i n gl e of t h e s h o r e about Lla n fa i rfec h a-n

,l ook i n g n ati ve (1902 T h i s spec i es co m m o n ly oc cu r s

a s a w eed of w a ste g r ou n d a r ou n d Lo n do n , a n d i n r ece n t yea r s h asappea r ed i n t h e la ke - bed of St . Jam es ’ s Pa r k . I n Ce n t r a l E u r ope itis a pla n t of w ood c l ea r i n gs , a n d I have co l l ected i t i n t h e s to n yfo r e s ts about Ze r m att .— C’

r ep is p a ludosa Moe n c h . By t h e Sw al lowFal l s . Ysgo l ion D uo n .

H z

’

emcz’

umL eg/i F . J . Hanb . I n t h i s Jou r n a l fo r 1913 (p . 263 )t h e m ost abu n da n t h aw kweed of Cwm Idwal i s i de n t ified w i t hH . hypockw roides va r . sowon ma F . J . Hanb . ,

a n d H . L ey/ i i s n o tme n t io n ed . T h i s latte r spec i e s was fou n ded by 1\I r . Ha n bu ry on

spec ime n s gat h e r ed by Ley i n t h i s d i s t r ic t , w h e r e i t was sa id to g r owin p r ofus io n (Jou r n . B ot . xxx i i . and i t i s r eco r ded i n t h e F l orafo r n u m e r ous s tatio n s exte n d i n g f r o m t h e Carnedds to S n ow do n

,i n

most of w h i c h I h ave col l ec ted i t . I t i s c e r ta i n ly t h e do m i n a n thawkw eed o n t h e r ock s of Cwm Idwal . I n t h e d r i ed s tate H . L eg/i

no doubt r ese m bles so m e of t h e m id -IVe lsh mate r ia l refe r r ed toH . lzypoclzcer oz

'

des va r . saxorum, but the o r igi n a l spec ime n s of t h i sva r i ety f r o m Capel Cel lw en a r e c l ea r ly di ffe r e n t a n d r elated to typi ca lH . lag/p oc

fzcev

'

oides . W . R . L i n to n desc r i bes t h e s ty le s of H . L eg/i

as n ea r ly yel low to l i v id , but I h av e fou n d t h e m pu r e ye l low in

Ca r n a r vo n s h i r e , a s n oted by Ma r s h al l . At t h e flow e r i n g s tageH . Leyi so m eti m es s h ow s but l i ttle t r aces of t h e seti fo r m fol iageh ai r s w h i c h c h a rac te r i ze t h e g r oup Gronden , al t h oug h i n you n g pla n t st h ese a r e ge n era l ly w e l l s ee n . T h e pet iol es a n d u n de r l eaf- su r fa ces

,

h oweve r , are al so c lot h ed w i t h m o r e o r l e ss soft, w h i te h a i r , a n d t h eOreadcan c h a r ac te r i s m uc h l e ss m a rk ed t h a n i n H . Schmidtz

'

i o rII. l asz

'

ophy/ l l um.

.II. rubiemuhun I“. J . l l anh . l im‘lx' s abo ve. Ll y n -an -Ahm.I n


22 rm: JOURNAL or BOTANY

w h e r e i t i s poss ib l e t h at two va r i e ti e s g r ow i n c o m pa n y , fo r t h epla n ts t h e r e c e r ta i n ly d i ffe r g r eatly i n t h e b r eadt h of t h e i r l ea ves . Ido n ot k n ow w h et h e r t h e r e i s any ot h e r r eco rd of va r . vulyar l s a s aB r i tis h m ou n ta i n pla n t .

* E up lu’

o s za conf use Pugsl . Spa r i n gly i n Na n t F ra n co n ( f . a lbil l u) - E . s cofz

'

ca )Vet tst . B elow Lake n en , 1922. Va r i o u sstat io n s a r o u n d Lla n be r i s (Miss E . A r m i tage , — E . lzz

'

N c l la

Jo rd .S i n c e m y d isc o ve ry of t h is pla n t at Lla n be r i s i n 19 17 a n d i ts

pub l icat io n i n t h i s Jou r n a l t wo yea r s la te r i t h a s bee n co l l ec ted byM i ss E . A r m i tage a n d D r . D r uc e i n se ve a l add i ti o n a l l o ca l i t i es i nt h at n e ig h bou r h ood . H i l ly pas tu r e E . of B et h esda , 1922 .

s“JIenI-lia a l opecm'

oiiles Hu l l . St r ea m s ide at L la n fa i r fec h a n,

1922 . rub'

ra S m . D i tc h n ea r D o lbadarn Castle , L la n be r i s .*S /nc lzys ambiyua S in . F reque n t n ea r t h e s h o r e at Lla n fa i r fec h a n ,1902— 1905 now dest r oyed .

Ajuga r ep l‘ans L var . a lp z

'

na Koc h F1. G e r m . p . 5 75

Wet.s to n y r i l l o n Fe el F ras , c i r c a 2500 ft . al t . , 1922 . T h i s i s a

co m pact fo r m ,n o t exceed i n g t h r ee i n c h es i n h e ig h t, flow e r i n g a t t h e

e r d of J uly . Its b r oad ly o vate , sube n t i r e , a n d r o u n ded - obtu se l eavesu c lo sely se t o n t h e s te m , a n d gra dua l ly dec r ea se upwa rds , g i v i n gpla n t the aspec t o f A . pymml ila l is , except fo r t h e la r ge r a n d

deepe r blue flowe r s , w h ic h c lea r ly exc eed t h e da r k pu r pl e b r ac ts .W h e n co l lec ted , the pla n ts s h ow ed s h o r t s tolo n s of t h e p r e v iou s yea r ,and you n g s to lo n s w e r e j u st beg i n n i n g to g row . A Sw i ss exa m pl ei n He r b . Mus . B r i t , label led “ A . a lpl na L .

, G aud . Fl . He l vet . iv .

13 ,J u ra Neocom. c lo sely r ese m bles t h i s V\’ elsh pla n t

,w h i c h i s

p r obably t h e fo r m n ot iced n ea r Carnedd L l ew ely n by Jo h n so n befo r e164 1 , a n d r efe r r ed to by D r. D r uce i n t h e Bo t . E xc h a n ge C l u bR epo r t fo r 19 18 (p . W h i l e t h i s p la n t i s obv ious l y a fo rm ofA . r eptans , a n d i s r ea l ly r e lated n e i t h e r to A . pyramida l is n o r toA . gene ra/l eis , i t h as a dist inc t f a cz

’

es ow i n g to its co m pac t h ab i t,sub

e n ti r e lea ves , a n d deeply co lou r ed flow e r s ; and t h e late pe r iod a tw h ic h i t b loo m s a n d p r oduces i ts s h o r t s to lo n s i s pec u l ia r . Koc h ’ sva r i ety ( 171mm, i s s i m pl y d iag n osed as stolonibus brev ibus ve l nu l l is lA . a lpine V i l l . del p h . 2 ,

and V i l la r s ’ pla n t, t h oug h s h ow n a s aspec ie s

,i s stated to be r ea l ly a va r ie ty of A . rep l an s , 6

- 8 i n c h e sh i g h

, w i t h s l ig h tl y toot h ed d i sta n t l eaves and s h o r t sto lo n s . Koc h ’ sva r i e ta l n a m e i s t h u s appl i ed to a m ou n ta i n fo r m , sca r c ely d i s ti n

guishable bu t by i ts s h o r t s to l o n s , w h i c h i s p r obab l y w id ely sp r ead .

I col l ec ted s uc h an Ajay“ on Mte . M o t tarone,by Lake Maggio r e

,i n

1908 . T he \Vel sh pla n t s ee m s d is ti n c t n ot o n l y i n i ts s h o r t stol o n s ,b ut b y its dwa r f leaf y h ab it ; but t h ese featu r es , bei n g of doubtfu ls tabi l i ty , h a rd l y j u s t ify t h e c r eat io n of a f r e s h n a m e

, and i t see m sbes t s i m ply to r ega rd i t as a fo r m o f Koc h ’ s m ou n ta i n va r i e ty .

Clmn op ocl ium mo r a l e L . D ega n wy .

— A /mp l c .v l zl l ora l l s L .

S h o r e betw ee n Lla n fa i r fec h a n and Abe r .Sa l /J: he i 'bo cca L . S u m m its of D r u m a n d Foel F ras . Bot h

Carnedds .

O r c lzis p rce /ermissa D r uc e . WVet m eadow n ea r Lla n be r i s , w i t h0 . er l ce l orum Li n t — 0 . mucula /a L . ( 0 . F uel/e l l D r uc e) . H i l l s ide

NOTE S ON canxxnvoxsnme PLANT S 23

abo ve Lla n fa i r fec h a n , w i t h H e bene r ie conop sea B e n t h .— H a lzene r l e

chl oro l euce l t idl . Nea r D e l badarn Castle , Lla n be r i s .Juncus trzyl emz

’

s L . Fe e l F r as .Oe rex ( l l oice L. Slope abo ve Lly n -an -Afen . C’

. p ul c’

ce r is L .

f . mon te ne Pugsl . F r eq ue n t o n rocks of Fee l F ia s , Cwm Idwal ,Cwm G las , C logw y n du r Arddu, and e lsew h e r e ; and al so i n w et r i l lsa n d o n boggy m ou n ta i n - s l opes , w h e r e i t o fte n g r ow s tal l e r a n dappr oac h es t h e s pec ifi c t y pe . I t h i n k t h a t i n all t h es e m o u n ta inp la n ts t h e perigynia a r e of a da r ke r , more o l i ve - b r ow n co lou r t h a n i nt h e low la n d fo r m .

— C. r zlqifle G ood . Bot h Carnedds .

D eschamp sia caesp l tose B eauv . va r . bre vzf ol l e Pa r n . 1Vet rocks

of Fe e l F ras . —P oe ef

e n e e L. va r . sup ine G a ud . Sum m it of S n owden .

— P . gle e ce S m . Cwm Idwa l .Lycopocl lem S e l ego L . On L lwyd Maw r ( c . 2500 ft . a

l a r ge st raggl i n g fo r m w i t h s te m s a foot l o n g a n d sp r ead i n g l ea ves,

s i m ulat i n g L . annotz'

num. T h i s i s appa r e n t ly ide n t ical w i t h M r . Sa lm o n ’ s pla n t f r o m Ogo Owe n , w h i c h h e r efe r s to va r . pe teus D es v .

(Jou r n . Bot . p . 3 19 — L . e lp ie um L . Ga r r eg Faw r , abo veL la n fa i r fec h a n (a l t . 1 100 — Se l egl ne l le se l egmoz

'

cl es L i n k . Fee lF r a s ; Ysgol ion Duo n .

I SAAC BAYLE Y BALFOUR.

( 1853—1922 J

AN APPREC I ATION B Y F . 0 . Bow en , Sc .D . , F .R .S .

[THE fol low i n g app r ec iat io n , by pe r m i ss io n o f the w r i te r a n d oft h e p r op r ieto r s of t h e pape r , i s l epi in ted f r o m The G lasgow IIerah lof D ec . 5 th . Fi e f . Bow e r was so long a n d so i n t i m ate ly ac qua i n tedw i t h t h e late S i r Balfou r t h at t h i s sk etc h f r o m h i s pe n has aspec ia l val ue a n d i n terest . A m o r e d etai led accou n t of Ba lfom s

bota n i ca l w o r k w i l l be fou n d in t h e T imes of Dec . 1 .

—E D . JOURN .

Ber ]

BY t h e deat h of S i r I saa c Bayl ey Bal fou r t h e cou n t r y and t h ew e i ld h a ve lost a sc i e n t ific pe1 senal it v of a t y pe t h at i s beco m i n g1ar

’

e 1 eveiy day. Suc h m e n can i l l be spai ed . A 11 age o f u l t 1aspec ia l i s m does no t fa vou r t h e c u lt i vati o n of b1eadth of v i ew 0 1

l e n g t h of v isio11 .

’

l he 1 ush fo r ea1 ly ac h ie ve m e n t c o n seque n t o n t h efo r c i n g m et h ods o f selec t i o n fo 1 o flie ia l posts has te n d ed to b1 eed amyopic i n te l l ec t , w h i c h sees minutire a t n ea r h a n d w i t h s u r p r is i n gac ute n es s but i t fos te1 s e ve r l es s and e ve r l es s t he ca pac i t y fo r

gi asping the major pi oblems of t he w e i ld . B11l fe u1 11 as o n e of t h osew ho b y bii th ,

expe r i e n c e,a n d men tal itv ai e able to take and h o ld

d i n i n g l i fe t h e lai gei v iew . A l l t ln oiigh t h at w eal t h of fac t o fw h i c h h e was maste r ra n t h e gold e n t h 1 ead of 1 elatio n . l l i s dataw e r e a l l litted i n to a lame f 1a 111e .

’

1‘ha t w as w h at g11 \ e a mag ic to

h is cenve 1 sat io 11 and a w ei g h t to h is se ien t ilie ad 1 i1e t h at “as 1111

1 ival led . 11 0 1 a qua1 te 1 of a centin v h e has bee n the m ost e tlie ie n tal l - r o u n d bota n i st o f the l n it ish Fmpi1 e : t he t 1 1eud 1 1nd 1 ounse l |1 1 1 ofa l l t h at is best i n B r i ti s h bota n y .

24 THE Jounxar. or ne'

raxr

Fa vou r ed by bi r t h a s t h e so n of a n oted bota n i st , a n d b y t h esc i e n tific su r r o u n d i n gs of E d i n bu r g h du r i n g a g r eat pe r iod of i tsh i sto ry

,h e m ade a b r i l l ia n t sta r t i n l ife . Afte r gmduat ing in E di n

bu rg h he stud ied i n t w o G e r m a n u n i ve r s i t i e s , and i n t h e i n te r va l s h eacted a s a ss i sta n t to Hux ley a n d to L i ste r : w h i l e sti l l a me r e yout hh e deput ised du r i n g i l l n e ss fo r h i s aged fat h e r i n the E d i n bu rg hC h ai r . B efo r e h e w as 30 yea r s of age h e h ad m ade two exped it io n sto Oc ea n i c I s la n ds (Rod r igues a n d Socot ra ) , a n d desc r i bed h u n d r edso f spec i es new to sc i e n ce . He h ad al so p roduc ed a n ad m i r abl e m o n og rap h of t h e ge n us H e lop lzil e ,

w h i c h s h ow ed t h at i f h e ca r ed topu r sue i t

,m o r p h o logi ca l a n alys i s was a n atu ra l fiel d fo r h i m . Ma n y

a you n g m a n w ould h a ve e n te re d so m e such r est r i c ted c h a n n e l a n dh a ve pu r su ed i t ; but Balf ou r took a w ide r v i ew . His l i fe has bee na r e m a r kabl e r eco rd of r e co n st r uct io n . He spe n t i t i n r eo rga n i s i n gw i t h t h e truest i n s i g h t t h e fac to r i es of sc ie n c e , i n t h e fa i th t h atot h e r s w ou ld u se t h e m afte r h i m i n feed i n g t h e b road s t r ea m .

H is a ppoi n t m e n t i n 1879 to t h e Begins C h a i r i n G lasgow ,i n

s ucce ss io n to D i ck so n , gave h i m h i s fir st oppo r tu n i ty . I n t h e b r i efy ea r s h e w as t h e r e h e secu r ed t h e r ebu i ld i n g of t h e m a i n ra n ge ofpla n t - h ou ses at t h e Bota n i c G a r de n s , t h e r e sc u e of t h e Kibble h ou sef ro m m i l i ta ry ba n ds a n d pe r fo r m i n g dogs , and i ts establ i s h m e n t a s aw i n te r ga rde n . He had a l m ost ac h i e ved t h e pu r c h ase of t h e h o uset h at i s ne w Quee n Ma rga r et Col lege a s a bota n ica l i n st itu te w h e n a nad ve r se w a ve of popu la r o pi n io n sw ept h is sc h e m e aw ay . H is w o r ki n t h e U n i ve rs ity was n o l ess v igo r ous . Yout h , e n t h u s ias m ,

a n dm aste ry of h i s s ubjec t at o n c e b r o ug h t a h ea l t h y to n e i n to h i s c lassr oo m . He saved t he val uabl e but n egl ec ted h e rba r i u m f ro m destruct io n by beetl e s . He ba r te r ed t h e o ld l e ctu r e h al l fo r t wo r oo m ssu i tabl e as a stude n t ’ s labo rato ry fo r t h e p rac ti ca l c lass es w h i c hh e i n i t ia ted ; a n d t h us h e p ro vided h i m sel f 11nd h i s suc cesso r w i t h ag r i e va n c e t h at could o n l y be set r ig h t by new bu i ld i n gs , suc h a s nowex i st . W h e n I s u cceeded h i m i n 1885 I fou n d t h e m ac h i n e ry i nw o r k i n g o rde r , a n d i t o n ly n eeded to be kept r u n n i n g .

T ra n s lated i n 18 8 5 to O xfo rd , h e s et h i m sel f to r eco n st i tu te t h ea n c i e n t ga rde n and t h e Bota n i cal I n st i tute , w h i c h h ad fal l e n i n tod i so rde r and decay . But t h e featu r e w h i c h s pec i al ly m a r k ed h i ss h o r t te n u r e at Oxfo rd was t h e c stabl islnnen t of r elat io n s w i t h theC la r e n do n P re ss . G at h e ri n g rou n d h im a g roup of bota n i st s

, he

i n d uc ed t h e Pres s to fou n d th e A nna l s of B U/( l fl jj, a qua r te r ly j o u r n a ln o w of Wo r ld - w id e r epute , of w h i c h the 30th vol u m e i s i n p rog r es s .T h e fac t t h at, t h oug h pro fuse l v i l l u s t rated a n d s u m ptuo us ly p r oduced ,

i t has pa id it s way i s in i ts el f a w i t n ess to h i s bus i n es scapac i ty . T h e P r ess al so at h i s i n s ti gat io n i s s ued a l o n g se r i es oft ra n slat io n s of fo r e ig n t r ea t ises w h ic h a t t h at t i m e w e r e n ec essa r yfo r bota n i ca l s tud y i n E n gl i s h - speak i n g c ou n t r i e s . Ba l fou r h i m se l ft ra n s l ated se ve ral o f t h e m , and ed i ted t h e m al l .Sti l l a vou n g man o f o n ly t h i r ty - l i ve yea r s , h e w as p r o m oted i n

188 8 to h is fat h e r’ s C h a i r i n E d i n bu rg h , and to t he Keepe r s h i p of

t h e Royal Ga rde n s , w i t h the t i t l e o f K i n g s Bota n i st fo r Scotla n d .

Fol low i n g D i c kso n i n E d i n bu rg h as h e had i n 18 79 i n G lasgow , he

aga i n ga l va n i sed a' n e r ve l es s r egi m e i n to v i tal a c t i v i ty . He ca m e

Isn o. BAYLEY BAL FOUR 25

to t h e do r m a n t E d i n bu r g h Ga rde n n ot as a to r n ado dest r oy i n g al l ,but as a new c l i m ate , w i th sto r m s t h at r e m ov e w h at i s r o tte n butl ea ve sta n d i n g w h a t is fi t fo r use . T h e o ld pal m h ouse

,ne w a te m

pe ra te h o use , and t h e s to ve , new a h ouse fo r pa l m s and cycads,s ti l l

r e m a i n . But a l l t h e r es t of t h e glass ra n ges,p 1ts

,and f ra m es a r e

new . T h e h e r ba r ium sta n d s as befo r e,al so t h e la r ge lec tu r e h al l .

But al l e l se h as bee n r eo r ga n i sed o r r ebu i l t, so as to fo rm a co m pletea n d exte n s i ve i n st i tute . T h e v e ry las t add i ti o n was o n ly fi n i s h edin 192 1 , in t i m e fo r t h e m eet i n g of t h e B r i t i s h A ssoc iat io n . In t h enew labo r ato ry a de m o n st rati o n was gi ve n by K idst en a n d La n gu n de r 100 m ic r oscopes of t h e n ew ly d i sco ve r ed D e vo n ia n fos s i l s— a

fi tt i n g ce leb r at io n fo r t h is las t act i n t h e r e v i va l w h i c h i t h ad take nBal fo u r 3 1 yea r s to co m plete .He e n t i r e ly r eo rga n ised t h e o uts ide ga r de n . T h e a r bo r etu m w as

abso r bed . T r ees 30 a n d 40 feet h i g h w e r e successfu l ly m o ved o nspec ia l ly co n s t r uc ted w aggo n s to f r es h and su itable s i tes . T h e coll ec t io n s of woody pla n ts w e r e e n r ic h ed

,a n d t h e h e r baceou s g r ou n d

r epla n n ed . B ut beyo n d al l , t h e r oc k ga rde n w as c r eated a n ew o n am ag n ifi c e n t scal e . T h i s w as Ba lfou r ’ s spec ial ca r e . He h i m sel fn u r sed s h y pla n ts in favou r ed c r a n n ie s 0 11 r i c h s c h i s to se so i l ca r r i eddow n 0 11 h i s ow n s h o u lde r s f r o m Ben Law e r s . His j oy i n s h ow i n gt h e m was 11 0 l es s t h a n t h e pl easu r e of t h ose who u n de r stood t h e r ea lm ea n i n g of h i s s ucc ess . I t m ay be sa id t h a t i n t h e r ock ga rd e n t h et r ue Bal fo u r stood befo r e you— t h e e n t h u s iast i c lo ve r of pla n ts i nbe i n g : t h e p rac t ica l p h ys io logi st i n t h e Ope n . H is

“ ecology w as

supe r io r to t h a t u sua l ly so ca l l ed , fo r i t was n ot a n a lyt ic o n ly , butco n s t ruc t i ve . At t h e back of i t a l l w as t h e fac t t h at a s a boy h eh ad pas sed t h r oug h t h e pott i n g s h ed s l i ke a n y w o r k i n g ga rde n e r . Nodoubt h e had abso r bed f r o m Sadle r , t h e o ld c u rato r , m uc h a n c i e n tw i sdo m ; bu t i t w as r e li n ed a n d exte n ded by h i s ow n sc i e n t ific and

h o r t i c u l tu ra l se n se . T h is , c o m b i n ed w i t h h i s sel ect io n o f a h i g h l yq ual ified body of l ead i n g o liic ia ls , w on fo r t h e E d i n bu rg h G a rd e na spec ia l fa m e fo r g row i n g s h y pla n ts . T h e c ul t i vat io n i n t h e G a rde ni s p r obably as good as any i n E u rope , a n d i t has bee n ca r r i ed i n tom a n y new and expe r i m e n ta l l iuT h e r ea l m a r ve l of Ba l fo u r ’ s r egi m e i n E d i n bu r g h i s t h at a lo n g

si de of the administ rat ion of t h e Ga rde n h e fou n d t i m e to keep ab r eas to f h i s sc ie n c e , 11nd t o de ve lop t h e ac ade m i c s ide of h i s dut i es . How

e llicien t ly t h i s w as done i s p r o ved by the s t r eam of sc ie n ti fic graduates w ho passed t h r o ug h h i s h a n ds i n to c r ed itab l e pos i t io n s i n t h ew o r ld . But abo ve a l l s tood h is w o r k w i t h t h e m ed i ca l stud1 nt s . Ih ad h ea r d h i m f r o m time to ti m e speak of h is lectu r es to t h e m , and

of h i s m et h ods ; t h ese c u l m i n a ted i n h i s latest y ea r s i n 11 cou r se o fadd r e sse s 0 11 s uc h m o v i n g b iologi ca l topic s of t h e t i m e a s r e lateespec ial ly to the m ed i ca l curricuhun . I ca n i m ag i n e n ot h i n g m o r es t in

'

iulat ing to t h e m i n d of a you n g m ed i ca l aspi ra n t o f pa r ts t h a n toh ea r a man of Bal fo u r ’ s pow e r s Speak plai n l y out of h i s vas t experie n ce 0 11 suc h questi o n s . But t h at las t sess io n o f 192 1 b r oke h i m .

T h e s t ra i n o f war, co m bi n ed w it h a. most c r uel pe r so n a l l oss at t he

f r o n t,p r oved c u m u lat i ve , and n atu r e ga ve way. Ret i r e m e n t w as

i n ev itable i n 1021 , and h e m o ved to a sout h e r n h o m e , se ve r i n g tinal l vthe t i es of a. l i fet i m e .

26 THE JOURNAL or ROTARY

His f r i e n ds h ad h oped t h at h e w oul d h a ve bee n abl e to use h i sr eti r e m e n t i n w r i t i n g a co m pa r at i ve a n d syste m ati c t r eat is e o n t heflow e r i n g pla n ts . 1 say ad v isedly t h at n o m a n l i v i n g coul d h a ve do n ei t as h e cou ld f r o m first - h a n d k n ow l edge , w ide a n d deep , a n d r egulated by g rasp of p r i n c i pl e a n d m a tu r e j udge m e n t ; m o r eo ve r , h i sexpe r i e n c e as a syste m a ti s t w as u n r i va l led . But i t w as n ot to be .He had wo r n h i m se l f o ut i n t h e se r v ic e o f ot h e r s . T h a t w o n de r fulr e s i s ta n t a n d e las tic fib r e h ad bee n s t ra i n ed beyo n d t h e l i m i t

, and

w as pas t r eal r eco ve ry . A l r eady in t h e s u m m e r o f 1921 t h e s i l ve rco r d was l oosed a n d t h e golde n bow l b r oke n .

In al l t h e gal l e ry of Scott i s h bo ta n i sts , w h o se po r t r a its a n d w h os el i ves Bal fou r k n ew so w el l , t h e r e n e ve r was o n e l i ke h i m — so cat h ol ici n h i s tastes , so w i l l i n g to h el p o t h e r s , a n d so ab l e to do i t f r o m h i sa m pl e st Jre . La n dow n e r s , h o r t i cul tu r i sts , fo r es te r s , a n d fa rme r s , asw el l as s pec ia l i sts i n pu r e sc i e n c e , looked to h i m fo r adv ic e , and

ack n ow l edged i ts w o r t h . T r uly i f eve r t h e r e w as o n e,h e was i n t h e

fu l l es t se n se of t h e w o rds T h e Ki n g ’ s B ota n i st fo r Scotla n d .

”

SHORT NOTE S .

CO M M A BETWE EN NA M E AND AUTH ORITY (pp . 261 , D r.

Ba r n h a r t s uggests t h at t h e co m m a betw een s c i e n t ific n am e and

aut h o r i ty was i n t r od uc ed by t h e e lde r Hooke r , a n d t h at i t has n e ve rbee n u sed outs ide t h e B r i ti s h E m pi r e exc ept by Asa G ray a n d t h osew ho h a v e fol low ed h i m . Bot h su gges t io n s appea r to be u n fou n ded .

T h ose who a r e i n te r ested i n s uc h ty pog rap h i ca l deta i l s w i l l fi n d t h atthe co m m a w as used by Robe r t B r ow n i n h i s c lass i c pape r o n t h eA sc l ep iacl ece (Me m . VVern . Soc . i . 12—78 good exa m pl esoc c u r r i n g o n pp . 27 , 3 1, 5 1 . D id Hooke r u se i t p r ev i ou sly ? I a mawa r e t h at h e adopted i t in h i s E xot ic F l ora (1823 A m o n gn u m e r ous F r e n c h pape r s i n w h i c h t h e co m m a w as used m ay be m e nt ioned A . R i c h a rd ’ s m e m o i r o n t h e Rubiaceae (M ém. Soc . H i s t . Nat .

Par . v . 8 1—301 ; 1831 ) a n d Pla n c h o n a n d Triana’

s G ut l ff'

erw (A n n .Sc

.Nat . ser . 4 , x i i i . — x v i . 1860 Su r ely D r . Ba r n h a r t ’ s sea r ch

fo r t h e co m m a m ust h a ve bee n pe r fu n c to ry— T . A . SPRAGUE .

I h a ve to apologi se to D r. Ba r n h a r t fo r a n e r r o n eo usstate m e n t i n m y n ote o n t h i s s ubj ec t i n Jou r n . Bot . 1922 . p . 337,

w h e r e 1 i n sta n c ed W'

al l ro th’

s Annus B o fan icz/s as o n e of t h e n o nB r i t i s h books i n w h i c h t h e co m m a w as used betw ee n n am e a n da u t h ori ty . T h e c o m m a i s n ot so u sed in t h at book ; I a m qu i teu n able to accou n t fo r t h e bl u n de r . JAM E S G ROVE S .

TYPE S O F L INNEAN SPEC I ES . T h e cases of Jlf esmnbrynn {716mm};s cabr um a n d J”. fev'mosum (L. Sp . Pl . cd . 1 , 483 , 418 7 ) may bec i ted in su ppo r t o f M r . Wil m ott

’ s co n te n tio n (Jou r n . Bo t . 1922 ,

10 7 ) t h at a va r . [3 (w i t h out va r i etal n a m e ) may be tak e n a s the typeof a L i n n ea n spec i es . W h e n Linme us ( Sp . Pl . ed . 2 , 692 ) d i v idedJlf . scabr um i n to t w o spec i es be r etai n ed t h e n a m e fo r h i s var. B, a n dgave a new n am e , Ill . mumyinn iunz to h is a . His trea t m e n t o f

sn oRT NOTE S 27

M tor tuosum was s i m i la r . Fo r t h e se exa m pl es I a m i n debted toM r . N . E . B r ow n . — T . A . SPRAGUE .

RINORE A AN D R IANA : A CORRECT ION ( se e Jou r n . Bo t .

R inorea h a s p r io r i ty of plac e o ve r E l ana,w h i c h i s co nse

que n tly a sy n o n y m u n de r t h e A m e r i can Code as w e l l as u n de r I n te rn a tio n a l Rule s . — T . A . SPRAGUE .

RE V I E WS .

F l ora of S outh Austra l ia . Pa r t I . Qz/a f lzencem lyJ . M . B LACK (O rc ln

'

dacoco by D r . R . S . ROGE RS ) . Wi t h l l l ust rat ions . Pp. 154 . Ade la ide : Roge r s . 1’ ricc 3 3 .

TH I S i s the fi r s t bota n i cal i n sta l m e n t of a se r i e s o f Ha n dbooksof t h e Fl o r a a n d Fau n a of Sout h Aust ra l ia

,i ss ued by t he B r i t i sh

Sc ie n c e G u i ld ( Sout h Aust ra l ia n T h e ed i to r ia l p refaceca l ls atte n t io n to t h e lac k Of i n expe n s i ve but acc urate books deal i n gw i t h t h e pla n ts a n d a n i m al s Of Sout h Aust ral i a , w h ic h h as bee n "

a

r eal h a n d i cap to you n g Aust ra l ia a n d so to t h e p r og ress o f Aust ral i a nsc i e n c e ”

; to supply t h i s defic ie n cy , t h e h a n d books a r e be i n g pre

pa r ed g r atu i to usly by m e n of sc ie n ce ;“ t h ey w i l l be p r i n ted and

publ i s h ed by t h e State G ov e r n m e n t , a n d w i l l be placed i n the publ i cs c h oo l s , fo r t h e use of w h i c h t h ey a r e p r i m a r i ly p r epa r ed .

” Sopub l ic - sp i r i ted a n e n te r p r i se dese r ves a l l e n co u rage m e n t

,a n d the in

stalment befo r e us l eads u s to a n t ic ipate success fo r t h e u n de r tak i n g .

T h e fi r s t 3% pages a r e o cc up ied w i t h i n t r oducto ry m atte r : t h eabse n c e of a table of co n te n ts i s to be r eg r etted

,espec ia l ly as the

book , as be i n g o n ly pa r t of a vol u m e , h a s n o i n dex . T h e c lassifi

catio n i s t h at Of E n gl e r and G ilg ; as to n o m e n c latu r e ,“ t h e r u le s

a n d r eco m m e n datio n s adopted by t h e V i e n n a Co n g r ess h ave bee ns t r ic tly fo l low ec o n ly w el l - establ i s h ed al ie n s a r e ad m itted . T h e r ei s a b r i ef but w el l -do n e s u m m a ry of t h e h i sto ry of Bota n y i n S . Aus

t ral ia,fol lowed by a glossa ry of bota n i ca l te r m s oc cupyi n g te n page s ,

a n d a key to t h e fa m i l i es , of s i m i la r exte n t. To t h es e succeed s t h eF lo r a p r ope r

,begi n n i n g w i t h t h e Pte r idop h yta : u n de r ea c h fa m i ly i s

a key to t h e ge n e ra , t h e spec ies be i n g t r eated i n l i ke ma n n e r u n d e reac h ge n us

,and t h i s pla n i s pu r sued t h r oug h ou t the w o r k ex pla n a

t io n s o f i ts o r i gi n fol low eac h n a m e , ofte n , i n the case of co m m e m o rat ivcs , w i t h b iog rap h ica l i n fo r m a ti o n — Robe r t “ Moo r e , by the way

(p . 1 13 ) s h o u ld be“ Mo r e ,

”t l l tl B u r c h a r d has n o c la i m to b e

co n s ide r ed “an E n gl i s h bota n i s t Robe r t B r ow n ( l

’ro dr. - l c

n a m ed Bm'

c lmrdiw i n m e m o r y O f J o h a n n He i n r i c h B u r ck h a rd . o f

Wo l fenb iit tc l ( 1076 The desc r i ptio n o f eac h spec i es i s fu l la n d c lea r

,a n d t h e d i s t r i butio n i n t h e r eg io n is i n d i cated . Figu r es ,

m ostly f ro m d raw i n gs by t h e a ut h o r , add to the usefu l n ess o f t he

book ; t h ey see m to be gi ve n o n n o pa r t ic u la r scal e n o r de lin ite pla nt h u s i n the Pte r idop h yta al m ost ev e ry ge n u s i s l i gu r i d

,but the ot h e r

o r de r s a r e sca n ti ly a n d i n adeq uately r ep r ese n ted . I n so m e eases t heplates appea r to h ave bee n bo r row ed f ro m so m e ot h e r w o rk , ot h e r w i sei t i s d i fficul t to accou n t fo r a figu r e of Il e l ip/e rum impos i/{fbl ium

28 T im J OURNA L o r RO'

rAN r

appea r i n g w i t h Ch l or is ( l l vnr l cama m o n g t h e g ras ses (p . 84 ) a n d twolasuarinas i n Cype r aceae (p . The s h i n y pape r and s m a l l ( t h oug hc lea r ) type e m ployed w i l l , w e t h i n k , so m ew h at m i l i ta te aga i n s t t heuseful n ess Of t h e vo l u m e to t h e sc h oo l - c h i ld r e n a n d pe r so n s e n gagedin pas to r al o r ag r i c u l t u ra l p u r suits fo r w h o m i t h as bee n w r i tte n .I t i s do ub tless o n acco u n t o f i ts p ro v i s io n fo r t h i s spec ia l publ i c

t h at t h e book co n tai n s n o b ibl iog rap h i ca l r e fe r e n c es , n o r i s t h e r e a n yi n d icat io n t h a t spec ies a r e h e r e fi r s t publ is h ed

,as w e suspec t to be

t h e case ; s h o u ld t h i s be so , t h e abse n ce of Lat i n d iag n o s es , as t h eR ules new sta n d , deba r s t h e n a m es f r om r ecog n i t io n . T h e au t h o r ’ sp r eface c o n ta i n s n o informi t ion o n t h i s h ead , n o r i s i t poss ib le , int h e abse n c e o f a compl ete ac quai n ta n c e w i t h r e c e n t Aust ra l ia n bota n ical l i te ra tu r e , to asc e r ta i n w h ic h spec ies h a ve p r e v io us ly appea r edel sew h e r e . Sy n o n yms a r e h a r d ly e ve r quoted . We a r e glad to n o tet h at n o atte m pt h as bee n m ade to p ro v ide eac h p la n t w i t h a nE n gl i s h ” n a m e , a l t h oug h exampl es occu r— “ B row ns mncl r l tensis ,Mad r id B r o m e .

”

A l t h o ug h,as h as bee n sa id

,t h e r e i s a n abse n c e of b ibl iog r ap h ica l

r efe r e n c es,i t i s e v id e n t t h at t he l i te r atu r e h a s bee n ca r eful ly exa m i n ed ;

t h us t h e s ubsti tutio n of R o /nul on p ar e lfl orn fo r R . Co l umna? m adein t h i s Jou r n a l ( 19 14 , 46 ) h as bee n duly fol low ed , t h oug h t h e sub

seque n t n ote ( p . 2 17 ) i n w h ic h i t was s h ow n t h at t h e n a m e r es ts o nea r l i e r a ut h o r i ty h as bee n o ve r l ooked ; a n d n a m es publ i s h ed i n t h eIl lus tra t ions of Aus tra l ian P l an ts ( 1905 ) c o ll ec ted du r i n g Cook

’ sfi r s t voyage a r e take n up .

T h e Or clzl flncece , w h ic h oc c upy pp . 1 145— 1554 , h a ve bee n u n de rtake n by D r . R . S . Roge r s , who occ up ies tow a r ds t h e o r de r i n Aust ral ia t h e pos it io n fo r m e r ly fi l l ed by R . D . F i tzge ra l d . He r e , aga i n ,w e s uspect t h at a la r ge p r opo r ti o n of t h e spec ies to w h ose n a m esRoge r s i s attac h ed a r e h e r e fi r s t publ i s h ed , but t h e r e i s n o i n d icat io n to t h at effec t . T h e des c r i ptio n s as a w h o l e a r e m uc h lo n ge rt h a n t h ose i n t h e ot h e r o rde r s ; t h e figu r es , too , f r o m d r aw i n gs byMiss R . C . Fi veas h , a r e m o r e elabo rate a n d s h ow useful deta i l s .

\Ve s h a l l awa i t w i t h i n te r e s t t h e co n t i n uat io n , w h i c h w e h opew i l l n ot be l o n g delayed , of t h i s u sefu l w o r k , o n t h e exec utio n ofw h i c h t h e a ut h o r , M r . J . M . B lac k , i s to be co n g ratu lated ; i t sc h eap n es s i s o n e of i ts m ost n otewo r t h y featu r es . We ve n tu r e tos uggest t h at t h e bla n k pages of t h e w r appe r m ig h t p rofitably h a ve beenoc c up ied by a n i n de x to t h e ge n e ra i n c l uded i n t h e pa r t .

M anua l of t/( e Trees of Afar /ll Amer ica (or c l us l oe of Jlf ex ico) . By

CHARLE S S PRAGUE SARGENT , D irec l or of t lze A rn o ld A rbo-ro l um

of H ar vard Un ivers ity, w ith 783 il l us t ra tions f romdraw ingsby C HARLE S E DWARD FAXON aml MARY W. G IL L . Seco n dE di tio n , pp . x x v i , 9 10 . Lo n do n Co n s tabl e . £2 5 3 .

TH IS new ed i t io n o f a book w h i c h s i n c e i ts publ i cat io n i n 1905h as bee n t h e r ecog n i zed aut h o r ity fo r a l l w ho d es i r ed to Obta i n i n ac o m pact fo r m a co m p r e h e n s i v e acco u n t of No r t h A m e r i ca n t r ees , h a sbee n r e n d e r ed n eces sa ry n o t o n ly by the i n c r ea sed k n ow ledge of t h es ubjec t

,but b y t h e fac t t h a t the o r i gi n a l i ss ue h as fo r so m e t i m e

bee n out of p r i n t . How g r ea t t h e i n c r ea se of k n ow l edge h a s bee n


30 T IIF. JOURNAL o r

sen tat ives of t h e m a i n g roups o f pla n t l i fe , w i t h a l ittl e p h ys io logyi n t r oduc ed w h e r e oppo r tu n i ty off e r ed . M r . Tansley

’

s vol u m e does n o tin t h e lea st l ocal l t h e o 1 iginal cou1 se .

'

1 he pla n of t h e book i sexpla i n ed 111 so m e deta i l 111 t h e p1eface . I t i s essen t ial lv bio logi ca l .A fte i a n in t roduc tow lec tu1e 0 11 t h e genei al cha1ac tei s a n d diffe i encesi n a n i m a l s and pla n ts , t h e student

o

i s in t i oduced to t h e m ost impo r ta n t o r ga n i c s u bsta n c es w h i c h m ake up t h e pla n t- body , a n d t h ento a co n s id e rat io n of so m e of t h e p h y s i ca l c h a r a c te r s of o r ga n i c subs ta n c es and of p r otopla s m . T h e n fo l low s an ac cou n t of a m oeba—3 a n dof t h e c h i ef fu n c t i o n s o f o r ga n i s m s i n ge n e r a l , a n d t h i s aga i n i ss ucceeded by a ge n e ra l accou n t of t h e c el l . T h e g r ee n p la n t - c e l l a n di ts p h ys io l ogy i s n ext expla i n ed , a n d t h e n t h e pla n t w it h ou t c h lo r op h y l li s i l l us t rated by yeas t and bac te r ia , fo l low ed by types o f sap r op h y t i ca n d pa ras i t i c fu n g i . T h e o r i g i n o f sex i s t raced in t h e s i m pl e g r ee nalgae ; a n d F acus i l l ust r ates a p r i m i t i ve ti s s ue d i ffe r e n tiat io n . L i ve rw o r ts

,Mosses

,a n d Fe r n s a r e t r eated ve ry brietly, a n d t h e r est of t h e

v o l u m e i s g i ve n to t h e s tudy of t h e fo r m , l i fe - h i s to r y , a n d p h ys io logyof t h e seed - pla n t .

At t h e c los e of eac h c h apte r (except t h e last) a r e give n suggest io n s fo r p r ac tica l w o r k occupy i n g f r o m 2 to 2 -5 h ou r s ; t h ese fol lowp r etty c losely t h e sc h ed ul e s of t h e Ca m b r idge Cou r se . T h e i l l us t r at io n s

,w h i c h are c lea r a n d ofte n d iag ra m m at ic , a r e cop ied , w i t h o r

w i t h o ut m od ifica t io n , f r o m publ i s h ed figu r es .M r . Ta n sl ey has p roduc ed a n e m i n e n tly useful , w el l -w r i tte n , a n d

r eadab le i n t r oduc tio n to t h e s tudy of pla n t l i fe ; t h e m atte r i s w e l la r r a n ged and t h e text c lea r ly p r i n ted .

A . B . R .

BOOK-NOTE S , NE WS, ETC .

WE take f r o m the Times t h e fol l ow i n g s u m m a ry of t h e l i fe of t h elate HENRY J OHN E LWE S , w ho d ied at h i s fa m i ly r es ide n c e a t Co l e sbo r n e

,G l o uceste r s h i r e . He

“w as bo r n 0 11 May 16 , 1846, a n d was

ed ucated at E to n a n d ab r oad . Afte r se r v i n g fo r fi ve yea r s i n t h eScots G ua rd s , h e r et i r ed w i t h t h e ra n k of capta i n . I n h i s t ra vel s hev i s i ted

,ofte n se ve ra l t i m es , Tu r key , As ia M i n o r , Tibet , I n d ia , Nepal ,

S ikk i m,No r t h A m e r i ca, Mex ico , C h i le , Rus s ia , S ibe r ia , Fo r m osa ,

C h i n a, a n d Japa n . He w as t h e sc i e n t ific m e m be r of t h e I n d ia nE m bass y to T i bet i n 1886, a n d r ep r e se n ted G r eat B r i ta i n a t bota n i ca land ho 1 t ieul tu1al congi esses a t Pet 1 0g1ad a n d Amste1dam. O f the

{o va l Ho rt icul tul al Soc i ety he was a past v i c e p1 e5 1den t and V ietozia

m eda l l i s t, a n d pas t pi esiden t of t h e Roya l E n gl i s h A1b0 1 ieultu1alSoc i e ty a n d of t h e Roya l E n to m ological Soc iety of Lo n do n . A

ful l e r and app r ec iat i ve acco u n t of E lwes ’

s w o r k , w i t h a g r ap h i csketc h of h i s st r i k i n g pe r so n a l i ty , i s co n t r i buted to t h e Gardeners

’

Chron ic l e of D ec . 6 b y h i s f r i e n d M r . F . R . S . Balfo u r , acc o m pa n iedby an exc el le n t po r t ra i t . Al t h oug h h is n a m e i s c h i e fly co n n ec tedw i t h t r ees a n d t r ee - g r ow t h , E lw es

’

s i n te r es t i n bota n y w as by 110

m ea n s l i m ited to t h at b ra n c h of the sc i e n c e ; i n 1880 h e publ i s h ed ,in a h a n dso m e fol i o vol u m e w i t h plates by F itc h , A Jll on oyrap li ofL il inm; n um e r ous pla n ts d i sco ve r ed b y h i m du r i n g h i s t ravel s h av ebee n figu r ed in t h e B otan ica l .M ayazinc , a n d i t i s due to h i s i n te r es t ,

Boox -v or es , NEWS , E t c . 31

a n d la r gely to h i s ge n e r o s ity , t h at t h e r eg r ettabl e s u spe n s i o n of t h atpubl icat io n , due to t h e ex i ge n c ie s of t h e t i m es , was r e m o ved , a n d t h a ti ts publ i cat io n h as bee n r esum ed . E lw es

’

s m ost i m po r ta n t w o r k Waso f cou r s e t h at u n de r take n i n co n j u n c tio n w i t h D r . August i n e He n ry ,The Tr ees of G rea t B r itain and Ir e land

,publ is h ed by subsc r i pt i o n

i n 1906— 13 . He beca m e a Fe l low of t he L i n n ea n Soc iety i n 1 8 74 ,

a n d i n 1897 w as e lec ted a Fel low of t h e Roya l Soc iety .

THE Journa l of E co l ogy fo r No ve m be r co n tai n s Note s o n theFo r est Co m m u n i t i e s of the G a r h wal H i m a laya,

” by A . E . O sma sto n,

w i t h 9 plates E a r ly Stages of Redeve lop m e n t ofW'oody V egetat io ni n C h a l k G ras sla n d (Stud ie s of t h e V egetat i o n of the E n gl i s hby A . G . Ta n s l ey ( 1 plate ) Stud ie s of t h e So m e r se t Turf Moo r s ,by M . M . Ba r ke r a n d C . M . G i bso n ”

; A New Met h od fo r t heA n a ly s i s of Pla n t Co m m u n i t ies ,

” by O . A r r h e n iu s ; “ T h e D ist ribut io n of P r imu la e lat ior i n B r i ta i n ,

” by Mi l le r C h r i sty ; “ T h e Suff r utes ce n t Hab i t as a n Adaptat io n to E n v i r o n m e n t ,

” by J . B u r ttD a vy ;

“ T h e Te r r es t r ia l A lgae,” by E . E . F r i tsc h ; and a l is t of

L i c h e n s noted o n C h e s i l Beac h , D o r se t by D r. Watso n du r i n g thee xcu r s i o n of t h e E co logi ca l Soc i ety i n August . M r . C h r i s ty ’ s pape ri s acco m pa n i ed by a n exce l l e n t map s h ow i n g t h e d i st r i but io n of P .

e l at ior in B r i ta i n , a n d co n ta i n s a n o te o n t h e S uffo l k popu la r n a m eF i ve - fi n ge r s ,

”w h ic h m ay be w o r t h reproduc ing z 1t se e m s at

fi r s t pa r t i cula r ly i n app rop r iate, fo r t h e fl ow e r s bea r n o so r t of r ese mbla n c e to fi n ge r s of t h e h u m a n h a n d w h e n t h ese a r e h e ld ful l y exte n ded a n d sp r ead , as o n e usual ly t h i n k s of t h e m . I f

,h ow e ve r , t h e

fo r ea rm be h el d up r ig h t a n d t h e h a n d be n t o ve r s h a r ply at the w r ist ,w i t h t h e fi n ge r s r e laxed a n d sl ig h tly sp r ead , t h e r ese m bla n c e of theu m bel of t h e O xl i p , w i t h i ts c h a rac te r i st i c d roo l) , to t h e h u m a n h a n dbeco m es st r ik i n gly obv ious . ”

T 11 15: A nna l s of B otany fo r O ctobe r co n ta i n s the fol low i n g :

T h e G a m etop h y te a n d E m b ryo of B o l ryc/ziam s imp l er ,

” by D . H .

Ca m pbe l l ( 1“ G r ow t h a n d Absc i ss i o n i n Sea I sla n d Cotto n ,

”

by T . G . Maso n ; “ A ‘V ol u m o m ete r ’ Met h od o f m eas u r i n g t h eG r ow t h of Boot s ,

” by J . H . P r i estl ey a n d W. H . Pea r sal l ; O 11 th e

O r ga n i zat io n of G r ow th a n d D i ffe r e n t iati o n in the Ste m of theSu n flow e r

,

” by D . T h oday ( 1 On t h e Cou r se of Abso r ptio na n d t h e Pos i tio n o f E qu i l i b r ium i n t h e I n take of Dyes by D iscs ofP la n t T i ssue ,

” by G . M . Redfe r n ; “ T h e Si g n i fica n c e of t h e Fol ia rRay i n t h e E vo l ut io n of He r baceou s A n gi ospe r m s (2 by E .

W . S i n n ott a n d L . W. Bai l ey ; “ Spe r m atoge n es i s i n A s tere l /a Immisp lzcer ica , by W. L . Woodbu r n ( 1

“ So m e Types o f E n dol i t h i c L i m esto n e L i c h e n s ” ( 1 pL) , by E . J . F ry ; O n the In l luenc e

of I m m e r s io n i n c e r ta i n E l ec t r o lytes u po n Ce l l s of Sa rzfm‘qo umbrosa,

” by M . Wil l iam s . One w o n de rs w h et h e r , w it h a v i ew to co nv en ience of r efe r e n ce , i t w ou ld n o t be poss i bl e to s h o r te n the t itl es o fso m e of t h e pape r s t h at appea r i n t h e A nna l s .

THE D a ily G raphic (Dec . 13 ) h a s bee n l ett i n g i tsel f go o n t h eCypripediunis at t h e It . H . S . s h ow o n Dec . 12 “ O ne cyp r i ped i u mh ad a cu r ious do r sa l sepal w i t h da r k r ed spots . w h i c h gave i t theeffec t of a b i r d ’ s egg . T h e l low er’

s pa r e n ts , Be ry l a n d E urvbiades,

32 TH E JO URNAL or no'

rxs'

r

w e r e n ot u n l i ke t h e i r off sp r i n g , o n ly Be ry l’ s peta l s w e r e g r ee n w i t h

fcw '

e i 1na1kings , and t h e fathe 1 s petal s w e 1e a b1o 11 11 1sh t i n t . T h epa t i e n c e 1e 111111ed by o r c h id gi o w e i s can be i m agi n ed w h e n vou

r ea l i se t h at t h e anc estms of so m e of t h e l low ers l i ved t h o usa n d s ofm i less apart .

‘Most of m y o r c h id s h ad t h e i r o 1 igin i n t h e foi ests o fSou t h A m e r ica , and so m e i n t h e vast de n se n ess of Af r ica n fo r e sts ,

’

sa id M r . B lac k :‘i t so m et i m es takes tw e n ty yea r s to p r oduc e a.

ge n e r ic o r c h id .

’

THE fi r s t vol u m e of M r . R id l ey ’ s F l ora of the M a l ay P eninsula

co n ta i n i n g t h e 1’ o lypetalae has bee n i s s ued by Mess r s . L . Ree ve C0

i t fo r m s a h a n dso m e boo k of 9710 page s , and i n c l udes 75 u sefulfigu res by M r . J . Hutc h i n so n . An i n t r oduc tio n desc r ibes t h e a r eaand p h ys i ca l featu r e s of t h e Pe n i n su la a n d defi n es t he bota n i ca li reas , e n u m e ra ti n g w i t h b r ief bi og rap h i ca l d eta i l s t h e bota n i s ts and

co l lec to r s w ho h ave co n t r ibuted to our k n ow ledge of t h e F lo ra a n dt h e p r i n c ipal publ icatio n s r elati n g to i t ; t h e r e i s al so a sy n ops i s oft h e o rde r s a n d an exce l l e n t i n dex . A new ge n us o f dou btfu l afiin ity,

based o n “ ve ry i n co m ple te Spec i m e n s ”and plac ed at t h e e n d of

O lac inece 1s n a m ed Caz/f l e z/a ,afte r i ts d i sco ve r e r .

THE P r oceedings of the L in nean S ocie ty f r o m Nov . 1921 toJ u n e 1922 co n ta i n s , bes ides t h e u s ual accou n ts of m eeti n gs , abst rac tsof so m e of t h e pape r s r ead , a m o n g w h i c h B ota n y i s r e p r ese n ted by a

Note o n t h e Occ u r r e n c e of B rac/ziomonas by M r . W . Ne i l so nJ o n es

, and“ T h e L ife -H is to ry of S iaarasz‘r ani D ic lciei va r . para l

l e l nm,

” by M r . C h a r l e s Tu r n e r , t h e la tte r i l l u st rated by a plate .T h e n u m be r al so i n c l udes “ Notes 0 11 a Cata l ogue of t h e L i n n ea nHe r ba r i u m ,

” by D r. D aydon Jackso n , w h ic h co n tai n s i n fo r m ati o nadd i tio n a l to t h at al r eady pub l i s h ed i n h 1s Index to t h e He r ba r iuma n d e l sew h e r e .

THE D epa r t m e n t of Ag r i c ul tu r e of Sout h Af r i ca h as i s sued a ni n te r es ti n g r epo r t o n t h e va lue of Pr i c k ly Pea r (Op tin t ia ) as a fodde rfo r s h eep . T h e r esul ts of a se r i es of expe r i m e n ts by Mess r s . A . Steada n d E . S . N . Wa r r e n s h ow t h at s h eep take t h e “ l ea ves r ead ily,a n d t h at t h os e getti n g pl e n ty 1 equ ire 110 w ate r to d 1 i n k

,h e n c e t he

pla n t 15 i n valuabl e 1n t i m es of di ought , bot h a s a sou1c e of w ate r a n do f food ; s h eep ca n l i ve fo r at l east 250 days 0 11 p r ickly pea r o n ly ,and i t “ i s a va luabl e succul e n t r oug h age fo r fatte n i n g a n d p r oduc t io npu r po ses i n ge n e ra l

,p r o v ided i t i s fed w i t h p r ote i n - supply i n g food

s tu ffs a s , fo r exa m ple , l u c e r n - h ay .

”

THE late Regi n a ld Farrer’

s la s t book Tbe Ra inbow B r idge

(A r n o ld , 1921 ) abou n d s i n r efe r e n c es to a n d desc r i pt io n s of pla n ts ,i n c l ud i n g, w e be l i e v e , n ames of spec ie s h i t h e r to u n desc r ibed : yet t h evol u m e i s absol ute ly desti tute o f a n y t h i n g i n t h e s h ape of a n i n dex II t i s l ittl e s h o r t of sca n dalo u s t h at a book of t h i s k i n d s h o uld beissued w i t h ou t so m e key w h e r eby i ts co n te n ts can be m ade ava i l abl e ,a n d w e s h oul d w el c o m e a n y e n ac t m e n t by w h ic h s uc h i ss ue s h o uld bem ade pe n al .THE N atura l is t fo r D eeember contains a l i s t of t h e fu n gi obse r ved

i n Bishopsdal c , N . Yo rk s h i r e , 0 11 the occas io n of the v i s i t of t h e Yo r ks l i l 1o Natu ral i s ts ’ U n i o n to t h at r egio n i n August las t . T h e n u m be ra l so 1 on tains West 1 o i ks l iii e Bo t 111ica l l\ otes ( la r ge ly o n m osses )11

THE COMMON TE ASE L AS A CARN IVOROUS PLANT .

B Y M ILLER Cn ni sr r,F . L.S .

I H AVE always fe l t a spec ia l i n te r es t i n t h e Co m m o n Tease l

(D ipsacas syl oes tr is) , a s a n exc ept io n al ly h a n d so m e a n d ( i n i ts cult ivat ed farm) a n e xt r e m ely useful p la n t . Mo reo ve r

,I h a ve lo n g bee n

co n v i n c ed , as a r es u l t o f obse r vat io n , t h at t h e Tease l oug h t to ber ega r ded a s a ca r n i vo r ou s pla n t, a n d h a ve fe l t su r p r i se t h a t i t h a sn e ve r bee n ge n era l ly r ecog n i zed as s uc h . Yet

,fo r so m e r easo n w h i c h

i s n o t obv ious to m e,i t n e ve r h a s bee n so r ecog n i zed , a s i s s h ow n by

t h e fac t t h a t it i s n o t m e n tio n ed as ca r n i vo rous by Sac h s , Pfefier ,

G ooda le , Jost , C l e m e n ts , Rey n o lds G r e e n , Haberlandt , n o r ( so fa ras I h a ve bee n able to d i scove r ) by a n y ot h e r w r i te r o n pla n tp h ys io logy ; n o r does D a rw i n m e n t io n i t as suc h i n h i s I n sect i vo r ousP la n ts ’

An acc ide n tal occu r r e n c e h as l ed m e r ece n t ly toexa m i n e t h e po i n t w it h so m e ca r e , a n d t h e fol low i n g r e m a r ks are t h eoutco m e .

E ve ry bota n i st i s awa r e tha t t h e Tease l has,o n its m a i n ste m ,

ce r ta i n cup- l i k e r ec eptac le s , fo r m ed by t h e bases of i ts la r ge , obo vatela n ceo late

,co n n ate - pe r fo l iate l ea ves al so t h at

,du r i n g t h e t i m e w h e n

t h e plan t is i n pe r fec tio n a n d flow e r i n g (t h at i s , f r o m t h e begi n n i n gof July o n w a r ds fo r about s i x o r se ve n w eek s) , t h ese r ec eptac le s a r eusua l ly mom o r l ess fu l l of w ate r c o n ta i n i n g dead a n d put r efy i n ginsec ts and ot h e r s m al l C l eatui esI t m us t be remembei ed t h at t h e Tease l (a b i e n n ia l pla n t) pi o

duces,i n its fi r s t yea1 , n ot h ing but 1 adical l eaves , w h i c h , t h oug h

la r ge,s ca r c ely r i se abo ve t h e su r fac e of the g rou n d a n d fo r m n o c ups ,

a n d t h at it does n ot p r oduc e it s fa m i l ia r tal l s te m w i th w ate r - cupsu n t i l its seco n d yea r . T h e first -yea r p r oc u m be n t lea ves d iff e r inva r io us w ays f r o m t h e seco n d -yea r c up - fo r m i n g l eaves desc r i bed above .F i r st

,t h ey a r e r e m a r kab ly w r i n k led , t h e co r rugat io n s i n t h e i r uppe r

s u r fac e se r v i n g, pe r h aps , to r eta in r a i n -w ate r fo r t h e pla n t’ s suste n a n c e

fo r t h ese leav es posses s po r es o r stomates o n bot h su r faces . Seco n dly ,t h ey a r e p r ov ided both above a n d below w i t h n um e r ous spi n ess uffic ie n tly h a r d a n d s h a r p to p r otec t t h e m f r o m be i n g eate n du r i n gw i n te r by b row s i n g a n i m al s ; fo r t h ese l eav es pe r s i s t u n t i l theSp r i n g

, w h e n t h ey d i e o ff co m pl etely . On t h e i r u ppe r su r fa ces a r e an um be r of s h o r t , stout , st r a i g h t , w h ite sp i n es , a r ra n ged c h i efly int wo w e l l -defined r ow s , o n e o n ea c h s ide of a n d about a qua r te r of a ni n c h f r o m t h e m id r ib . E ac h o f t h ese spi n e s i s se t o n t h e top o fa cu r ious

,r a i sed

,pustul e - l i ke i n fla t io n of t h e l eaf, w h i c h r ead i ly gi ve s

w h e n p r ;essed a n a r ra n ge m e n t w h ic h p r obab ly sei ves to pi e1 e 11t theSpi n e be i n g bi oken w h e n t h e l eaf i s t 1odden upo n , as i t i s ve i 1 l iabl eto be . T h e r e a1 e al so , n ea r e r t h e 111 11 ems of the l ea 1 es , o the i h s sw el l -defined r ow s of sinaller s pi n es , n o t s et o n pustu les . B e lown u m be r of s h a r p se m i - h ooked spi n es a r e set c lo se toget h e r a lo n g thee n ti r e l e n gt h of t h e m id r i b, a n d s m al le r sp i n e s a lo n g eac h of theb i ame h s ide r ibsT h e pla n t ’ s h ab i t of catc h i n g a n d r eta i n i n g w ate r i n i ts c ups w i1 s

defi n i te ly r'

ecou l ed by a I>rit ish bota n i st 11e1irly fo u1 c 1 11t 11i ies ago

10 111111 11 1. or 130 1my — V or. . (31

31 THE J OURNAL o r 110 131 1 “

w h e n T u r n e r w r ote (H erba l [o . 155 1) t h at the l eaves“ h a ve a n

h ol low t h y n g at t h e cummyng o ut of t h e t wo leuc s , whyehe c u m o n efurthe agaynstc an ot h e r : w her i n i s gat h e r ed w ate r , bot h of t h eray n e a n d al so of t h e dew .

”G e r a r d , m o r e p r ec i se , w r ote (Herba l ,

p . 1005 , 1597) The l ea ves growe foorth of the iointes by couples ,n o t o n ely oppos i te o r set o n e aga i n st a n ot h e r

,but al so co m pass i n g

t h e stalke about, a n d faste n ed togither, a n d so faste n ed t h at t h eyh old deaw and rai n e w ate r i n m a n n e r of a l i ttl e baso n .

”

T h ese “ baso n s o r “ cups ” a r e e n ti r e and h o ld w ate r pe r fectly ,u n l ess pu n ctu r ed o r b r oke n . T h e r e a r e ge n e ral ly t h r ee o r fou r oft h e m , o n e abo ve t h e ot h e r

,o n t h e ste m of ea c h pla n t of a ve rage

h e ig h t , w h i c h i s ofte n s i x o r s eve n feet , t h o ug h m os t of ou r bota n ybooks gi ve t h e h e i gh t as five o r s i x feet . T h e r e a r e al so us ual lys m al l e r 11nd l ess pe r fec t c ups o n so m e of t h e late r a l b ra n c h es . T h i sco l lec t io n of wate r i n the c ups i s a r egula r a n d e ve ry - day occu r r e n c e ,n o t a casua l o r o ccasi o n a l p h e n o m e n o n . T h e r e is a lways a ce r ta i na m ou n t of w ate r i n t h e cups , u n less in t i m es of ve ry except io n a ld ro ug h t . Indce l , t h e v e ry n a m e of t h e ge n u s , D ip sacus ( f r o m t h eG r eek 8141 19111 , t h i r s ty ) , i s de r i ved f r o m t h i s c h a racte r i st i c h ab i t , t h oug hso m e m e m be r s of t h e ge n us do n ot posses s i t . T h e r e a r e , of cou r se ,ot h e r pla n ts w it h c o n n ate l eaves w h i c h s i m i la r ly fo r m cups r ou n dt h e i r s te m s a n d catc h w ate r i n t h e m

,as

,for i n sta n ce , S i lp hiump er

f o h'

n tzmz,a No r t h A m e r i ca n pla n t be lo n gi n g to t h e Composite

s. T h e r e

a r e a l so pla n ts t h e lea ves of w h i ch,t h oug h n ot co n n ate , fo r m r ecep

t ael es t h at , t h oug h n o t perfec t cups , h o ld w ate r eff ec t i ve ly, as, fo ri n sta n c e , B il l berf/ifl ,

m e n t io n ed h e r eafte r .0 11 3rd J uly 1 8 83 , w h e n i n a n ope n pa r t of a w ood a t Chignal

St . Ja m es , n ea r Chehn sford , w h i c h had bee n cut do wn , I be l i ev e ,tw o yea r s ea r l ie r , I n ot ic ed a la r ge n u m be r of Teasel s w i t h t h e i r c upsful l of wate r— t h e r esu l t of h eavy r ai n w h i c h h ad fa l le n abo utfive o ’ c l oc k t h at m o r n i n g

,t h e r e h a v i n g bee n n o n e fo r seve ra l days

p r ev i ous ly ; a n d , a s the cups see m ed to be u n usual ly fu l l , t h e ideaocc u r r ed to m e t h a t it w ould be of i n te r est to asce r ta i n w h a t tota lqua n t ity of w ate r a n ave rage pla n t i s capab le of h old i n g i n i ts c upsat o n e t i m e . T h e r eupon , by the bes t mea n s avai l abl e (w h i c h w e r e ,I admi t

,somew h at r oug h a n d r eady ) , I mea su r ed the wate r i n the

c ups o f ei g h t av e rage - s i zed pla n ts , w i t h t h e fol low i n g r esul ts

No . of Plant . Heigh t o f Plant . Quantity of Water .

1 (5 ft . 6 i n s . 5} pi n t .

0 6 ft . 0 2, pi n t .3 6 ft . O 5 pi n t .‘1 (5 ft . O pi n t .5 5 ft . 9 pi n t .(5 5 ft . 4 3

3pi n t .

7 5 ft . 0 1, pi n t .

8 5 ft 0 pi n t .

Ave rages 5 ft . i n s . About p i n t .

I t w i l l b e see n t h at t h e 11'

11te r - c ups o n th e ei g h t pla n ts h eld al toget h e r a l i ttle l es s t h a n fo u r p i n ts and a h al f of w ate r

,o r a n a ve rage

THE CO M M ON TEA SE L 1 s A canmv o no r s PLANT

of rat h e r o ve r h al f -a-pi n t eac h pla n t . U n fo r tu n ately I n egl ec ted ton ote t h e n umbe r o f w ate r - c ups bo r n e by eac h i n d i v idua l pla n t ; had Ido n e so , it w oul d p r obab ly h a ve expl a i n ed w hy t h e qua n t i ty of wate rpe r pla n t bo r e , as w i l l be see n , n o r egu la r r e la t io n to t h e h e i g h t oft h e pla n t .

E r as m us Da rw i n ’ s state m e n t , m ade n ea r ly a c e n tu ry a n d a h a l fago (Bot . G a r d . i i . 30 n . t h a t “ T h e r e 18 a cup a1ound e ve l yj o i n t of t h e s te m of t h i s pla n t , w h i c h co n ta i n s fi o m a spoo n fu l toh al f-a- p i n t o f w ate r , i s i n c r ed i bl e, i f h e m ea n s (as appa r e n tly hedoes ) t h at a n y s ingl e cup i s capab le of h o ld i n g t h e las t - n a m edqua n t i ty . Muc h m o r e n ea r ly co r r ec t i s t h e est i m ate of S i r F r a n c i sD a rw i n

,w ho says (Q. Jou r n . M icroscop. Soc . x vii . 269 ; 1877 ) t h at

t h e cups h o ld f r o m 12 to 100 cc . of fl u id,t h e la rge r qua n t ity be i n g

equa l to about on e- s i xt h of a p i n t ; w h i c h , r ec ko n i n g t h r ee cups to apla n t , ag r ees app r ox i m ate ly w i t h m y own obse r vat io n s gi ve n abo ve .

Bart h e lem y h as stated ( 0 0 711p ieS - 7°

endus Acad . Sc i . l x xxv i i . 1878,

p . 609) t h at the cups of t h e va r . f ul l onum a r e la r ge r a n d m o r en um e r ous t h a n t h os e of D . syl vesz

‘r is . 0 11 o n e pla n t of t h e fo r m e r ,

1 m . 60 c m . h ig h , h e cou n ted 15 cups , w h ic h c o n ta i n ed 280 g ra m m esof w ate r a n d h e est i m ates t h at a fi n e pla n t w h e n i n pe r fec t io n m ig h th e l d f r o m 300 to 350 g ra m m eT h e sou r c e of t h i s wate r has bee n i n vest igated by F r e n c h bota n i sts .

As l o n g ago as 1863 , C h a r l e s Boye r m ade obse r vat io n s (Bul l . Soc .

Bot . F i a n ce , X . 746 ; 1863 ) on pla n ts g r ow i n g i n h i s ga rde n at

St . Re m y , nea r M ontba1d ° but h i s r esu l ts a1 e n ot very concl usi1 e .

“ L’ eau s

’

amasse la n u i t , h e dec la r e s ; addi n g t h a t t h e quan t it vaccum ulated du r i n g one ii igh t , by exc r et io n fi o m t h e p la n t i tse lf,m ig h t be f r o m h alf to o n e - fi ft h of t h e capac i ty of a n y cup, the

a m ou n t va ry i n g acco rd i n g to t h e pos it io n of t h e cup. T h e s u n and

w i n d cause , h e says , co n s ide r abl e e vapo r at io n o f t h e l i quo r . H is co ne l us io n is que l a séc r ét io n j ou e l e p r i n c ipa l rol e da n s la p r oduc ti o nde l ’ eau, et que la r os ée 11

’

y co n t r ib ue guer e quo pou r 1111 huitiemc .

Le s iege de la seei é tion do i t et r e da n s lcs t i ges , puisqu’

el le pe r s i ste.api e s l ’

ablat ion de la p r esque to ta l i té da l imbeD

des fe11il les . Pe n da n tl a pé r iode de g rande vegetat ion , l a ti ge est go r gée de s e ve , qu i , sou sfo r m e de goutelettes, s

’

é chappe aa l’

instant de l a m o i n d r e bl essu r e . ”

F ifteen yea r s late r , A . Ba r t h elem y a t ) , as a 1 esul t of e h se rvat ions exte n d i n g ove r s eve r a l yea r s , a r r i ved at co n c l us io n s total lyd i ffe r e n t f r o m t h ose of Boye r . T h e cups of so m e pla n ts h e grewu n de r c o ve r r e m ai n ed d ry ; f r o m w h i c h he co n c l udes t h at the w ate ri s due n e i t h e r to dew n o r to sec r eti o n f r o m the pla n t itsel f

,but i s

p ro v ided by t h e ra i n a lo n e . He h ad w atc h ed pla n ts du r i n g h ea vyr ai n a n d h ad see n t h e w ate r gat h e r i n g rapidly i n the uppe r c u ps ;t h e n ove1 flow ing t h e i r capac ity n ex t , t r ic k l i n g dow n t h e ste m and

fi n al ly fi l l i n g t h e l ow e r cups . T h e l atte r are ti l l ed i n t h e sa m e w avf r o m t h e uppe r c ups w h e n t h e pla n t 1s s h ake n dui ing a h ig h 11 i n d .

Thei e ca n be 110 doubt , I t h i n k , t h at i n the mai n ] >a1 t he lc 1111 w as

fi g h t ; fo r I h a ve n otes t h at 0 11 6 Ju n e 1882 111111‘3 111111 18 8 3 1 fou n d

the c ups except io n al ly fu l l i m m ediate ly afte r hea1 1' l ai n , and I ha 1 1°

see n the sa m e t h i n g m a n y t i m es sin ce . l et t h em see m s cons ide i °

1l lc

p r obab i l i ty t h a t Boye r was r ig h t i n pa r t , and t h a t the l iq uo:° fou n d i n

D

36 THE JOURNAL o r norxnr

the c ups m ay be due to so m e s m a l l exte n t to exc r eti o n f r o m t h epla n t i tsel f . T h is see m s t h e m o r e p robabl e i n t h a t , du r i n g act i v eg row t h , t h e ste m of t h e pla n t i s go r ged w i t h a co lo u r l ess s l i g h tlyv i sco us sap, w h i c h appea r s to be u n de r so m e p r ess u r e ; fo r d i r ec tlyt h e s tem i s c u t , i t oozes cop iously f r o m t h e po r es , as Bo y e r obs e r ved .

T h i s co n c l us io n see m s to be co n fi r m ed by t h e fac t t h at o n18 th Ju n e 192 1 , w h e n exa m i n i n g a n u m be r of te asel s g r ow i n g i n t h elmgc c h a l k - p its at G rays T h u r r ock

, E ssex , I n ot ic ed t h a t n ea r l y al lt h e c ups of t h ose w h ic h g r ew a m o n g g ra s s a n d bus h es o n a steepc h a l k s lope co n ta i n ed a l i ttl e l iquo r , w h i l e al l t h e c u ps 0 11 ot h e rp la n ts g row i n g i n t h e Ope n , 0 11 t h e ba r e a n d d r i e r l loor of t h e p i texposed to t h e sun

,w e r e e m pty o r p rac t ica l ly so . As t h i s was du r i n g

a pe r iod of v e ry ex ceptio n a l d r o ug h t (o n ly 39 41 i n . of r a i n h a v i n gfal l e n t h e r e s i n c e t h e 18 th Ja n ua ry , 11 pe r iod of 22 i t see m edre 111arkable t h at a n y of t h e cups s h ou ld h ave h el d a n y wate r at a l l .I t see m ed c lea r , t h e r efo r e , t h at t h e s m al l a m ou n t of w ate r m et w i t hm us t ( u n l es s de r i ved f r o m dew ) h a v e been exc r e t ed by t h e pla n tst h e m se l ves ; in w h ic h case i t m ust fi r s t h ave bee n abso r bed by t h e i rr oots f r o m t h e c h al k i n w h i c h t h ey g r ew . Now c h al k r e ta i n s a t a l lt i m es a c e r ta i n a m ou n t Of m o is tu r e ; a n d t h a t t h e pla n ts g r ow i n ga m o n g g ras s a n d bus h e s s h ou ld h a ve h el d m o r e Wate r t h a n t h oseg r ow i n g i n t h e ope n w as due

,n o doubt, to t h e fac t t h at c h al k

co ve r ed w it h h e r bage w ou ld r etai n m o r e m o i stu r e t h a n c h al k exposedto t h e ful l rays of t h e s u n , w h i c h had bee n ve ry h ot fo r so m e w eek sp r e v ious to t h e date n a m ed . F i ve w eeks la te r , 0 11 25 Ju ly ( t h e r eh av i n g bee n 11 0 m o r e t h a n 00 8 i n . of ra i n i n t h e i n te r val , m aking4 ' —l « i n s . o n ly i n 27 w eeks a l l cups w e r e abso l ute ly d ry .

T h e w ate r w h i c h gat h ers i n t h e c u ps of t h e Tease l m ay ve ryl ike ly se r ve to succou r the pla n t in t i m e of d r oug h t , by bei n g abso r bed( pe r h aps i n pa r t re - abso r bed) i n to t h e t i ss ues of t h e pla n t , a s hasbee n h e ld by m a n y w ho h ave w r i tte n o n t h e subj ec t . T h u s , i n 1789 ,E ras m us Da rw i n ( l . c . ) w r ote t h at i t se r ves fo r the n u t r i m e n tof t h e pla n t i n d ry seaso n s . ” Pfefier, m o r e caut ious , says (P h y s io l .Pla n ts , t ra n s l . A . W . E wa rt , i. 160 ; 1900 ) t h at

“ a l i ttle of t h ew ate r col l ec ted m ay be abso r bed

,al t h oug h t h ese pla n ts do n o t

n o r m al ly r equ i r e a n y supply Of w ate r f r o m t h i s sou r c e .

” Ke r n e r

(Nat . H i st . Pl . i . 210 ) al so exp r es ses doubt w h et h e r t h e w a te r co ll ec ted i s abso rbed to a n y g r ea t ex te n t . Ba r t h e lem y r ea c h ed , howe ve r , a total ly d i ffe r e n t co n c l u s io n c it . 609) pla n ts t h e c ups o fw h ic h h e kept e m pty of w ate r attai n ed ( h e says ) 110 m o r e t h a n at h i r d o r a qua r te r of t h e i r n o r m a l h e ig h t and t h e i r la te r a l s h ootsfa i l ed to de vel op . He dec la r es expl i c i tly t h at “ l ’ eau j oue nu rel ec o ns idei ab le da n s la p h ase du vegetat ion de c ette pla n te

”and h is

co n c l us io n see m s j us tifi ed,so fai as i t goes , t h oug h t h e1 e m a y be

a n ot h e r in te 1p1e tat io 1. of t he e vide n ce 0 11 11 l 1ic h h e 1 el i es . 0 11 the

ot h e r h a n d, BO ) “ de n i e s a l t ogethc 1 t h at t h e watei n ou r i s h es t h e

pla n t ( op . c it .

“ Le sej ou r de l ’ eau da n s l es feu i l les est sa n si n fl ue n ce su r la vegetat io n des D ip sacus . Un D ip sacus do n t je

Fo r the s e figures , I am indebted t o the kindn ess o f Mr . A . C . James ,M of G rays .


3S TH E JOURNAL or nomur

The m os t supe rfic ia l obse r va tio n su liices to s h ow t h at t h e w ate ri n t h e c u ps i s n e ve r pin e xc ept w h e n qu i te f r es h ly acc umu latedi t i s alwa 1 s of a d i r t3 coffee co lo u 1 , of a n o i ly co n s i s te n cy , a n d smel l s1 e1 ) o lfensiveh a s a 1 esul t of t h e

°

put 1efac t ion of t h e bodi es of them any sma l l c reatui es w h ic h h a ve c 1aw l ed o r fa l le n i n to i t a n d bee n

How offe n s i vely t h e l iqu0 1 sme l l s w i l l be Jeal ized ful lyo n ly byo n e who , afte1 h a \ i n g gathe1ed some o f i t i n o 1de1 to exami n et he c

'

11 e 1tu1es co n ta i n ed 111 i t,

D

h as bee n obl iged to deodo r i ze h i s fing .ei s

In sho i t , t h e p1 esence of m a n y sma l l put i efying c 1catu1es i nt °

t h el iq uo r in t h e c ups i s pi ac t ical ly in va1 iablc— as muc h a m atte r ofcoui se as t h e p1es

'

ence of w ate 1 i n t h e c ups .I t h a s bee n stated t h at i n ea r ly t imes t h i s fou l s ti n k i n g l i q

w as co l lec ted a n d used as a cos m et i c , as a c u r e fo r in tiamed e ves , a n dot h e r w i s e . T h i s i s p r obable e n o ug h ; fo r o u r ances to 1 s h ad a s t ro n gbel ief in n as ty medi c i n e s : Ray h i m sel f w r o te of t h e Tea se l (Cat .

P la n t . Can tabr.

“ A qua pl u v ia i n a l i s fo l iorum hujuscepla n t1e stagnans commendatur ad ve r r ucas abigendas , s i ma n u s eaal iquo t ies lav entur. Atque h i n e fe i tasse Lab1 i V ene i is n ome nobt inuit .

”1t w as p r obab ly t h e u se a n c ie n tly of t h i s fou l l iquo r 11 s

a cosmeti c w h ic h ga i n ed fo r t h e p la n t t h e n am e “ V e n us ’ s Bat h .

”

P l i n y w 1 ote of t h e Tease l a s Lab; am Veneream (Nat . H i s t . bk . xxv .

W h et h e r 0 1 n o t t h i s use of t h e fet id l iquo1 fou n d 111 the c ups oft h e '

l casel su1 v 1ves i n E n gl a n d , bot h Boyel a n d 13111 thel em3 sta te t h a tt h e c ou n t ry people o f F ra n c e , espec ia l ly t h o se of t h e ce n t r e a n d east ,s t i l l att r ibute m a r ve l lo u s c u r ati ve p r ope r ti es to i t , r ega rd i n g i t asa c u r e fo r so r e eyes a n d e r uptio n s 0 11 t h e face : h e n c e t h ey spea kof t h e Tease l c up as “

ane f on tame cl e Venus .

I t h as al so bee n s uggested t h at, du r i n g J uly , a t h i r s t y t r a vel l e r111 igh t r ef r es h h i m sel f f r o m the w ate r i n the cu ps o f the Teasel bu to n e 111igh t a lmost as w e l l d r i n k c r ude sewage . As Pa r k i n so nr e m a r ked (Theatr . Bot . p . 985 : se n s i bly e n oug h (a l l ud i n g toa stateme n t by ea r l ie r w r i te r s w ho h ad spok e n of the l iquo r a s t h i r s tque n c h i n g) . T h e w ate r conteincd

°

111 t h ese leaves g1ou eth b i tte r b ysta n di n g

°

111 t h e m a n d n o t l i t to que n c h bu t to enmeaset h i r st rat h e r . ” Ne ve r t h e less

,t h e w ate l , “hen q u ite f1eshl y- ccaug h t

,

i s c l ea r,l impid , a n d n o t a l toget h e r u n d r i n kabl e . At t h i s stage

,

s1 '13 s Bai thc l émy (op . cit . c h emi ca l a n al y s i s s h ow s 110 i111

pu r i t i es e xcept t iaces of bica1bonat es a n d of so i l blow n i n by thew i n d . M r . A . I . VVilmott info 1ms m e t h at y

'

eai s ago , w h e n he w as

a bov bei n g in a la rge w ood 0 11 a h o t day a n d v el 1' t l 1i1st3 , h e

ac tua l ly t h a n k f i om t h e c u ps of some teasel s ( w h ic h 11 0 1 0 qu ite ful l ,a s a l csul t of 1 c t cnt h ea vy 1 11111) a n d w as 1 et 1csh ed . He d ra n k

,

h ow e ve r,o n ly the uppe r a n d sw eete r po r tio n of the l i quo r . Mo r eo ve r

,

o ne of the n ames by w h i c h , acco rd i n g to Ba r t h el emy , F r e n c h cou n trypeopl e speak o f the l euse l cu p — n am ely,

“ caba r et (l es o i sea u x ”

impl i e s the ii bel i ef t h at biids a1e ac c ustomed to d i i n k the i ef i om'

l he bel i e f t h at the watu 11 11s d r i n k abl e seems to h ave been 1 1irl vge n e ra l ; t h u s t h e y ou n ge r \V ithc1 ing,

°

111 h is ( t h e se ve n t h ) ed i ti o n ofh i s fat h e r ’ s A r rauy/e umu/ Pl an/s ( i i . 216 : sa y st h at i n dese r t co u n t r ies t he t ravel le r “

wou ld ofte n exc h a n ge t h e

T IIE CO M M ON T E ASEL AS A CARN IV OROU S PLANT 39

w h o le of h i s p r ope r ty fo r t h e luxu ry o f a d raug h t f r o m 0 110 of t h esew ate r - lodgi n g pla n ts , add i n g t h at “ t h i s cu r ious s t r uc tu r e w ou ldappea r to be r athe r des t ruc tive tha n p r ese r va t i ve of a n ima l l i fe , fo rin t h e bas i n s fo r m ed by t h ese co n n ate l ea ves ma n y i n sec ts a r ed row n ed ; so t h at D ip saczzs may r a n k a m o n g t h e vegetab le M asai

cap ce .

”

As to t h e pa r t ic ula r s m al l a n i m al s usual ly fou n d pu t r efy i n g i n t h ecups : exa m i n at io n s h ow s t h at t h ey a r e n ot o n ly ve ry n ume r o u si n d i v idual ly, but t h at t h ey belo n g to a g r eat va r i e ty of w ide lyd iffe r i n g spec ies a n d ev e n c lasses but us ual ly i n s uc h an ad va n c edstage of deco m pos it io n t h at t h ey a r e d iffic ul t to ide n t i fy . My own

obse r vat io n s s h ow t h at t h e m aj o r ity a r e I n s ec ts , c h i efly fl i es (D i p te ra )of m a n y k i n ds— blue -bottle , g r ee n - bott le , la r ge h o r se , and n ume r o usot h e r s . B eetle s

,too

,of m a n y spec i es (Co leopte r a ) , a r e f r eq ue n t .

Less co mmo n , but s ti l l ofte n m et w i t h , a r e lady - b i rds, pla n t - l ic e ,sp ide r s

,ea rw igs

,cate r pi l la r s

,m ot h s , a n d butte r fl ie s e ve n s uc h la r ge

spec ie s a s t h e Cabbage W h ite (Pier is brassicax) . Mol l usca , too , a r en ot i n f r eque n t . I h a ve i de n t ifi ed t h e s l ug L imax agres t is se ve ra lt i m es . Fu r t h e r , at G r ays T h u r r oc k , o n t h e occasio n r efe r r ed to abo ve

( t h at i s , du r i n g t h e g r ea t d r oug h t ) , I fo u n d dead i n t he cups 11 co nsiderable n u m be r of H e l ix lzisp ida (o r i ts va r . conc imm) a n d a t lea s ta doze n H . cant iano . T h e latte r i s a s u rp r i s i n gly la r ge a n d h ea vyc r eatu r e to be captu r ed by a n y ca r n i vo r ous pla n t ; fo r t h e adu l ta n i m a l w e i g h s about 75 cg . 0 11 a late r occas io n , also d u r i n g t h eg r eat d r oug h t, I fou n d se ve ra l adu lt l i v i n g i n d i v idual s of If . aspersa

s h e l te r i n g i n t h e e m pty cups , w h i c h t h ey h ad e n te r ed , 110 do ubt , fo rt h e sak e of t h e s l ig h t m o i s tu r e (sca r cely m o r e t h a n da m p n es s )r e m a i n i n g i n t h e i r bo tto m s : but t h ese h ad n ot bee n captu r ed ” byt h e pla n t .S i r F ra n c is Da rw i n r e co r ds (I c . ) t h at h e fou n d t h e fol low i n g

i n t h e c ups of so m e w i l d Teasel s I n o n e c up , six la r ge m alacode rmbeetle s

,f r o m h a lf to t h r ee - qua r te r s of a n i n c h in l e n gt h , o n e fa i r

s i zed cate r p i l la r,a n d t wo fl i es ; i n a n o t h e r [c up] , se ve n of t h e same

beetles,o n e ea rw i g, a b l ue - bottl e tly, bes ide s m a n y sma l le r fl ie s 11nd

m uc h deb r i s . A m uc h la rge r n u m be r of i n sects w e r e cou n ted inso m e ot h e r teasel - c ups

,but t h e n otes w e r e lost. ”

S i r F r a n c i s al so m e t w i t h some “ la r ge s l ugs ” a rbo rum,

L . fl avzun,o r Ar ion deer ) i n t h e l i quo r . T h e oc c u r r e n c e o f t h es e

i s s u r p r i s i n g ; fo r t h ey a r e 11111c l1- la r ge r a n d h ea v i e r a n imal s t h a ne ve n H e l ix can timm,

a n d o n e w ou ld h a ve t h oug h t t h a t t h e y , abo ve al lo t h e r c r aw l i n g c r eatu r es , w oul d h a ve been stopped i n t h e i r asce n tof t h e ste m b y t h e m a n y s h a r p, dow nusual - po i n t i n g , t h o r n - l i k ep r i ck l es . As t h ese p r ick l es wou ld h a rdly se r ve to s top s m a l l e rC r eatu r es

, such as a n ts (w h i c h co u ld eas i ly pass betw ee n t h em) , and a r e.n o t sti ff e n oug h to keep o ft

°

la r ge b row s i n g a n imal s , t h e y a ppea rfu n c tio n less . Yet t h e y a r e so n ume ro u s a n d fo rm so st r ik i n g: afeatu r e of t h e pla n t t h a t o n e can sca r ce ly r ega rd t h em a s ves t i gia lm e r e ly .

9“ So many of the c reatu res found in the cups are no t true insec t s tha t Iprefe r to speak of the Tease l as 11

“ ca r nivo r ous , rathe r than an insee t ivoro us ,

p lant .

40 TH E J OURNAL o F no'

raxr

I n add i ti o n to the m a n y s m al l a n i m al s mentioned, va r ious ext raneous objects al so f r equen tly fi n d t h e i r w ay i n to t h e c u ps . T h u sKe r n e r ( 0p . oil . i . p . 15 6 ) w r i te s t h at i n t h e m t h e r e i s invariabl va col l ec ti o n of d ust - pa r t ic l es , s m al l dead a n i m al s , pol l e n - g ra i n s , etcw h ic h h ave bee n blow n i n by t h e w i n d ; w h i l s t ra i n , t r i c k l i n g dow nt h e ste m s

,b r i n gs ve ry va r io us ob lects wi t h i t f r o m h ig h e r up and

w as h es t liem iiito t h ese r ese r ve i 1 s i n t h e l ea ves . So meti m es , too , afew a n i m al s a1e d i ow ned 111 t h e 1 eceptac l es .

”

M r . Robe r t Paul so n i n fo r m s m e t h at h e has obse r ved i n t h e c upsfu n gus - spo r es , u n i c e l lula r a l gae , pol l e n - g ra i n s , a n d seeds of a g la ss

(Ho l cus Immz‘us ) , so m e of t h ese latte r actual lyge r m i n at i n g t h e r e i n

i n t h e au tu m n . I n la te su m m e r a n d autum n , I h a ve ofte n fou n d i nt h e c ups a co n s ide rabl e n um be r of t h e pla n t ’ s own co r ol la - tubes

,w h ic h

fal l as t h e flow ering- seaso n ad va n c es .

T h e r e i s , h ow e ve r , o n e O r de r of I n s ects of w h i c h o n e m i gh t , a tfi r s t s ig h t , e xpec t to fi n d exa m pl es i n t h e c ups of t h e Teasel , butw h ic h a r e prac tical l 1

r n e ve r fou n d t h e r e i n — n a m ely , t h e bees

(Hy m e n opte ra) . T h i s i s , i n o n e way, s u r p r i s i n g ; fo r , as stateda l r eady , t h e po l l i n at io n of t h e flow e r s i s effec ted la r gely by t h esei n s ec ts , w h i c h are to be see n co n sta n t ly v i s i ti n g i ts flow e r s a n d m i g h tea s i ly fa l l i n . Yet t h e i r abse n c e f r o m t h e c ups i s n ot r ea l ly su rp r i s i n g ; fo r t h es e bees a r e c l ea n feede r s a n d a r e , t h e r efo re , n o t at al ll ike ly to be att racted by t h e fetid l iquo r

,a s t h e fou l - feed i n g fl i e s

(D i pte r a ) see m to be . I n an )r case

,I h ave o n ly o n c e fou n d a

bee dead i n t h e l i quo r— an i n d i v idua l of B ombus ( lev' lmnml l us 6

( ide n t i fied by l\Ir . C . N i c h ol so n ) , w h ic h I fou n d i n o n e of t h e cupsof a p la n t g row i n g i n t h e G rays c h al k - p its o n 17t h Augus t 1922 .

I assu m e t h at i t h ad fal l e n i n acc ide n ta l ly w h i l st v i s i t i n g t h e flow e r sof t h e pla n t . S i r F ra n c i s D a rw in does n ot m e n t io n h a v i n g m et w i t ha n v bees i n t h e c ups .T h e w a te r - c ups offe r , o n e w ou ld h ave t h oug h t

,i dea l b r eed i n g

plac es fo r m osqu i toes ; but t h ese c r eatu r es n e ve r use t h emas s uc h i nt h i s co u n t ry , so far a s m y obse r vatio n s go . T h e late M r . A r t h u rBacot, w ho h ad gi ve n m uc h a t te n t io n to t h e b r eed i n g of m osqu i toes ,i n fo r m ed me

,shor tl 1r befo r e h i s r ec e n t deat h

,t h at h e k n ew of n o

i n sta n ce of t h e i r so do i n g . Yet i n A m e r i ca a spec i es of m osqu i to a n dee i tain ot h e1 i n sects el sewhe i e a1e k n ow n to b r eed i n ve ry s i m i la rs i tuati o n s . T h u s , t h e1 e a1o va1 ious spec i es w h ic h lay t h e i r eggsh abi tual ly a n d exc l us i vely i n th e pitc h e r s o f c e r ta i n s pec i es o f bot hArc/w a ffl es and Smrmcmu

’

n, t h e g r u bs , w h e n h atc h ed , l i v i n g i n and

u po n the put r esc e n t l iquo r ex i st i n g t h e r e i n , subseque n tly eat ing t h e i rw ay t h r oug h t he w al l s of the pi tc h e r s and pupat i n g i n t h e ea r t h .

T h e fi r s t to cal l at te n t io n t o t h i s cu r i o u s fac t was D r. C h a r l es V .

R i l ey , who r eco rded t h e h ab i t i n co n n ec tio n w i t h a Fl es h - fly (Sa r co

p haya snrmcenz’

w R i l ey ) , w h i c h t h us uses t h e p i tc h e r s of Sar -meem'

a

fl aw a n d S . varz’

o lmzs ( see T ra n s . Acad . Sc i . St . Lou i s,i i i . pp . 235

240 : A t l east t wo ot h e r spec ie s of Fles h fl v ( S . f ilm/iAl d1 ich a n d S . 70 710 3 5 Ald 1 ich ) a r e k n ow n to do t h e sam e ( see Ald1 ichi n P ubl zca t cous of [ be Thomas SayF oundatzoa ,

i . pp . 86 , 24 1 , a n dLa Fayette , I n d . A11 A m e r i ca n spec i es of m osq u i to

( H’

y/comia smitkzi) m akes a s i m i la r a n d exc lus i ve use of t h e pitc 11e1 s

THE c omn ox TEA SE L . \ S A c anxrv ono r s PLANT 4 1

o f a Sarmcenia sp. ) g row i n g i n New Je r sey ( see Howa rd , Dya1 ,and K n ab , Mosqu ito s N . a n d Ce n t r . A m e r ica , i i i . pp . 97— 10 1

Aga i n , J . C . H . de M eijere h as desc i ibed s eve n spec ies ofD iptei a w h i c h , 1n Java , m ake exac tly t h e sa m e us e of t h e pitche

l

r

i

s

of 1Vep en tkes ( s ee Ann . Ja i d . Bot . B uitzenzmg, 2nd se1 . Supp . 1 1 .

pp . 917—940 Leyde n , H epbu r n a n d Jo n es h a ve show 11 t liatt h e la r vae of S ar cop kaoqa sam'

acem’

ce (a n d p robab l y t h os e of t h e ot h e rt wo spec ies n a m ed abo ve) a r e ab le to l i ve i n t h e d igest i ve flu id i n t h ep itc h e r s o f Sarmcen ia because t h e i r bod ies co n ta i n c e r ta i n “

a n t ip r oteases

,

” o r d ige st io n - r es i st i n g co m pou n ds (see Co n t r ib . Bot .

Labo ra to r i es U n i v . Pennsyl v . iv . pp . 460—4 63 I t i s , pe r h aps ,because t h ese subs ta n ce s a r e abse n t f r o m t h e bod i e s of t h e la r vae ofo u r E n gl i s h m osqu i to es t h at t h ese latte r ca n n ot (o r , appa r e n tly , don ot) l i ve in t h e put r esc e n t l i quo r i n t h e c ups of t h e Tease l .I t i s c lea r f r o m w h at has bee n sa i d t h at i n sec ts a n d m a n y ot h e r

s m al l c r eatu r es a r e captu r ed a n d d r ow n ed , at al l t i m es a n d i n la rgen u m be r s , in t h e wate r - c ups of t h e Tease l . I t i s n ecessa ry , t h e r efo r e ,to e n qu i r e how t h i s i s effec ted a n d w hy.

T h at t h e fo r m at io n of t h e cups i s w el l adapted to r eta i n a n y s m a l lc r eatu r es w h i c h m ay e n te r t h e m i s ob v ious . F i r st

,t h e s ides of t h e

cups a r e s l oped ve ry steeply , t h e lea ves fo r m i n g t h e m be i n g set at a na n gl e of about 30 deg r ees w i t h t h e ste m a n d about 60 deg r ees w i t ht h e su r face of t h e g r o u n d , w h i le t h e w i n g w h i c h co n n ec ts t h e baseso f t h e l ea ves i s s loped at a n e ve n s h a r pe r a n gl e w i t h t h e ste m .

Sec o n dly , t h e su r fac e of t h e s te m a n d t h e i n te r i o r su r fac e of the c upsa r e bot h ext r e m ely s m oot h a n d glos sy, re n de r i n g i t l ikely t h a t anys m al l c r eatu r es w h i c h m ay h ave bee n i n duced , by w h ateve r mea n s , t oe n te r o r app roac h the cups w i l l s l ip dow n i n to t h e l iq uo r i n t h e i rbotto m s a n d be d r ow n ed t h e r e i n . As S i r F ra n c i s Da rw i n has

re m a r ked (op . cit .

“ T h e pla n t i s w el l adapted fo r catc h i n ga n d d r ow n i n g i n sec ts . T h e c ups u n doubtedly fo r m m ost effic i e n tt raps . I h av e see n a beet l e st ruggl i n g to get out a n d obse r vedh i s ta r s i s l ipp i n g , o ve r a n d o ve r aga i n , o n t h e s m oot h stal k .

”

T l1e1e is, h ow e ve r , n o t h i n g i n t h e fo r ego i n g , a n d appa r e n tl yn ot h i n g 111 co n n ex io n w i t h the st 1uctu1e of t h e pla n t o r it s w ate rcups , to suggest , at fi r s t s i g h t , w iry so many sma l l cred i t/res 3 710 11141

e n ter the cup s a t a l l (u n less , pe r h aps , to d r i n k i n t i m e of except io n a ld r oug h t ) ; st i l l less w hy t h ey s h ou ld get d r ow n ed t h e r e i n s ofrequent lv .

Bot h Boye r a n d Bai thel émy too k t h e v iew t h at the m a n r s m al lc r eatu r es fou n d 111 t h e c ups had al l “ fa l l e n ” i n ( tombmzfl . Ke i ne i

(I. c lea r ly s h a re s t h a t v i ew . Ye t the p r es e n c e i n t he c l ips ofn u m e r ous d ead i n sec ts i s (a s . h as bee n s h ow n ) al m os t i n va r iable .

T h is ca n n o t be d ue so lely to ac c ide n ta l ca uses fo r i t is i m pos s i ble tosuppo se t h at t he p rese n c e of so m a n y dead c r eatu r es in suc h co 1 n

parat ively m i n ute a r ea s of wate r ca n be due m e r e ly to 11' i n d - t 1a nspo rt .

r a i n - was h , acc ide n ta l fal l s , o r o t h e r such cas ua l ca uses . T h e r e m us tsu1 c l v be so m et h i n g w h i c h defin ite/y a l l raez

‘s t he c r eatu re s in

questio n : othe1 1vise t h ey w ould n ot be fou n d i n the wate r so111 va1 1ably a n d 111 suc h n um be r s .Subj ec t to ca1eful c h e m ica l i n ve stigat io n

,I ca n o n ly expla i n t he

112 THE J OURNAL or norxxr

p h e n o m e n o n by h aza rd i n g t h e su r m i s e t h at t h e pla n t exudes i n tot he wate r , w h e n acc u m ulated , so m e st ro n g- s m el l i n g 0 1

° sw eet- tast i n gtox i c substa n c e w h ic h fi r s t att rac ts i n sec ts and ot h e r s m al l c r eatu r esa n d t h en n a r co tizes o r i n tox icates t h e m ,

l ead i n g t h e m to fal l i n a n dget d r ow n ed . T h e i r s ubseq ue n t put r efac tio n i s , do ubtl es s , due ( in t h em a i n , at a n y r ate ) to bac te r ial i n fec tio n f ro m t h e a i r .T h at i n sec ts r eal ly a r e bot h att rac ted and s tupefled i n so m e way

by t h e l iquo i see m s p ro ved by a n obse 1 vat ion I m ade o n 2 1 Augus t19 16 . E ar l 1 i n t h e m ow i n g o f t h at da1 , I h appe n ed to n ot ic e an ew l y o dead i n d i v idua l of t h e La r ge \V h i te But teiH1 (P 56 1 13 11 ) (138 3068 )float i n g 111 t h e put 1escent l iq uo r i n o n e of t h e upper c ups of o n e of amoup

C)

of pl a n ts of t h e c u l t i vated Teasel ’X‘ g row i n g i n m y ga rde nW h i l st I 11 as fi s h i n g ou t a n d exa m i n i n g t h e

0

i n sec t,

CD

I w as su r p r i sedto see t wo ot h e r W h ite B utte r fl ies , t i l l t h e n u n n o tic ed , fly up fro mo n e of t h e low e r c ups , h av i n g bee n d i s tu r bed , n o do ubt , by t h e s l i g h ts h ak i n g I had g1ve11 t h e w h o le p la n t . T h at t h e se t wo butte r fl i es hadbeco m e

,in so m e w av , m o r e 0 1

° less stupefled t h r oug h imbi b i n g t h el iquo 1 see m s to m e ce1 tain ; fo r t h ey d id n o t fly up t i l l so m e t i m e

(pe1haps a quai ter of a m i n ute ) afte i° I h ad begiin m y exami n at i o n ;

w h e r eas , h ad t h ey bee n n o r m al ly a le r t , t h ey w o uld 11 w e take n fl i g h tinnnediately I bega n m y exa m i n atio n of t h e pla n t , o r e ve n befo r eI h ad app r oac h ed i t c losely

,be i n g, l i ke a l l butte r fl i es , ve ry s h y by

n atu r e .Fu r t h e r e v ide n ce to t h e sa m e e ffec t see m s to be p r o v ided b y t h e

fac t , a l r eady c ited , t h at I h ave fou n d s l ugs (ge n e ral ly , I be l i e ve ,L inmx agres l is) a n d se ve r a l s pec ies of s n a i l ( i n c lud i n g IIeUJ:

can t imm) dead in t h e c ups w h i le S i r F ra n c is D a rw i n fou n d “ la r ges l ugs i n t h e m . N ow a l l t h ese m ol l u sc s (w h ic h fi n d n o d iffi c ul ty i nc raw l i n g up a pe r pe n d ic ula r glass w i n dow - pa n e ) could su r e l y , i n0 1din °

11 v c i r c u m sta n c es , h ave c r aw l ed w i t h ease up t h e s ides of t h eTease l - cups , i n s p i te of t h e i r exc eed i n gl y steep a n d s m oot h s ides .I n deed

,S i r F r a n c i s says : “ I fi n d t h at sl ugs , if d r opped i n to t h e

tease l - cups , can c r aw l up t h e s m oot h lea ves[2 . e . ,t h e s ides of t h e

T h e obv io us co n c l us i o n i s , t h e r efo r e , t h at t h os e m ol l u sc sw h i c h fa i l ed to c r aw l out , had bee n stupefled o r i n tox i cated in so m ew ay and d r ow n ed t h r oug h i m b ib i n g the l iq uo r .T h e p r ese n c e i n t h e fluid o f so m e s uc h i n tox icat i n g e le m e n t was

suspec ted ,m a n y yea r s ago , by S i r F ra n ci s , w ho says — “ I t r i ed a

n u m be r of ex pe r i m e n ts by tak i n g a la r ge n u m be r of m alacode r mbeetl es a n d plac i n g o n e h al f in w ate r

,t h e ot h e r in t h e fl u id of the

Tease l - c ups . T h e r es ul t s h ow ed t h at beetl es are d row n ed m uc h m o r er eadi ly i n t h e Teasel fl u id t h a n i n pu r e w ate r . Wh et h e r t h e r e i sa n a r co ti s i n g po i so n i n the fl uid o r w h et h e r , as i s fa r m o r e p r obable ,t h e o i l i n es s o r s ti c k i n es s o f t h e deca y i n g flu id caus es t he i n sec ts ’

Spi1ac lcs to be blocked up , I c 1nno t say.

In t h i s co n n ex i o n , i t m ay be n oted agai n t h a t m ost of the s m al lc reatmes co m m o n ly fou n d 111 the c ups are n oto r io us-i1r addi c ted to 10 111feed i n g— t h e D i pte ra a n d so m e Co leopte 1

°

.1,1n pa1 t ic ula1 . E ve n t h e

Th is , t h ough general ly spoken o f as a distinct species (D . f a l l onnm, the

Ful ler ’

s Teasel is probably no more t h an a. variety of D . syl vestr'is , s l igh tly

al tered by long cul tivation .

T l l E CO M M ON TE ASE R AS A CARNTV OROI'

S PLANT 43

dai n ty Lepidopte r a are n ot f r e e f r o m t h e h ab i t , as s h ow n by t h e oldm et h od used fo r tak i n g t h e Pu r pl e E m pe ro r Butte r fly (Apa turai1' is )— t h at of plac i n g i n its h a u n ts t h e put r id earcase of a n a n i m a l .Aga i n , i t i s w e l l k n ow n t h at t h ese i n sects a r e ext r e m ely fo n d offe r m e n t i n g l iquo r s . On 17th Octobe r 1878

,at Po r tslade , Sussex ,

I watc h ed fo r so m e t i m e a Red Ad m i ra l B utte r fly (Pg/mmez'

s

ata l an ta) flutte r i n g pe r s i ste n tly r ou n d a 11' i n e - 111erchant ’

s del i ve ryvan lade n w i t h sp i r i ts , w h ic h had bee n l eft sta n d i n g i n a r oad .

Aga i n,i n suga r i n g ” fo r m ot h s

,t h e att rac t io n p ro v ided i s not so

m uc h t h e s uga r a s t h e r u m o r g i n m ixed w it h i t . Fu r t h e r , i t i sv e ry w el l k n ow n t h at butte r fl i e s and ot h e r i n sec ts f r eque n tly suck t h efe r m e n ti n g sap w h i c h ex udes f r o m i n j u r ed t r ees ”f , C l ea r ly , t h e r efo r e

,suc h i n sec ts a r e l iabl e to be att r ac ted a n d i n tox i cated by t h e

fe r m e n t i n g l iquo r usual ly fou n d i n Tease l cups . 0 11 t h e ot h e r h a n d ,t h e Hy m e n opte r a a r e c lea n feede r s , so t h at t h e put r id l iquo r ca n h ave11 0 att r ac ti o n s fo r t h e m co n seque n tly , t h ey a r e v e ry ra r e ly fou n d deadi n t h e c ups .I n v iew of a l l t h e fo r ego i n g, i t i s h a r d to doubt t h at so m e co n

st ituent of t h e l i quo r in t h e tease l - cups defin ite ly a t trac t s ( ( N t l

s tupefies t h es e m a n y s m al l c r eatu r es , cau s i n g t h e m to d r ow n . I t i sequa l ly h a r d to doubt t h at , t h i s be i n g ac co m pl is h ed , t h e pla n t doe sac tual ly de r i ve benefit f rom the absorp t ion of the 71ziq y

- n z'

z‘rogenous

l iquor w h i c h m us t r esu l t f r o m t h e i r put r efact io n i n t h e c ups .T h i s latte r co n clus io n was , i n deed , r eac h ed defi n i te ly by S i r F ra n c i s

Da rw i n fo r ty - fi ve yea r s ago , a n d h i s co n c l us io n was e n do r sed expl ic itlyby h i s fa t h e r , C h a r l es D a rw i n . S i r F ra n c i s

,i n t h e cou r se of a n

art ic le f 0 11 c e r ta i n “ p r otoplas m i c fi la m e n ts ” h e h ad obse r ved p r ot ruding f r o m t h e gla n du la r h a i r s o n t h e lea ve s of the Teasel , w r i t es

(op . cit . 270— 2)I bel ie ve t h at t h e pla n t does p r ofit by t h e i n s ects caug h t i n t h e

cups . But , w h et h e r o r n o t t h e gla n ds w h i c h fi n d t h e m se l vesi m m e r sed i n t h e put r id flui d of t h e teasel - c ups take ad va n tage oft h e i r pos i t io n to abso r b n i t r oge n ou s m atte r , t h e r e i s n o doubt — T h att h e p r ot r u s io n of fi la m e n ts i s n o t a h abi t o r igi n a l l y developed fo r t h i sspec ia l pu r pose ; fo r . t h e gla n ds o n t h e seedl i n gs , w h i c h do n otfo r m c ups a n d t h e r efo r e catc h 110 i n sec ts , hav e 11

'el l -developed filam e n ts . T h at t h e fu n c tio n o f t h e p r otoplas m i c po r t io n of thefi la m e n t was o r i g i n al ly to ass i s t i n t h e ac t of sec re tio n , but t h a t i thas bee n s ubseque n tly ut i l i zed b y t h e pla n t a s a m ode of n ut r it io n .

T h at t h e p r otoplas m i c filam e n ts h a ve the pow e r of abso r bi n g n i t r oge n ous m atte r a n d t h at, in the seedl i n gs

,t h ey p r obab ly abso r b

a m m o n ia f r o m t h e r a i n -w ate r a n d dew . In t h e adul t pla n ts,t h e y

abso r b t h e p r oducts of t h e deca y i n g i n sec ts fo r the captu r e of 11 h ie ht h e pla n t i s adapted .

Late r obse r vat io n s ra is e doubt as to t h e pa r t pl ay ed b y t h ep r otopla s m ic fi la m e n ts ,

” but S i r F r a n c is ’ s m ai n c o n c l us io n sti l ls ta n ds , a n d h a s bee n h el d m o r e o r le ss vaguely by ot h e r s s i n c e h e

For a summaryof observations the reon , sec Charl es Nicho l son in E ssex Nat .

xix . (1920 ) pp . 12—14,170—17 1 .

1“ Soc P roc . Roy. S o c . xxvi. (1878 ) pp . 4—8 , and Quart. Journ . M iero scop . Sc i.

n . s . xvii. pp . 169—174 ; al so, much mo re ful ly, in Quart . Jou rn . Microscop . S ci.

11 . s . xvii. (1877) pp . 245—272 .

4 1 TH E JOURNAL or norxNY

w r o te . T h e n atu r e a n d fu n c t io n s o f t h e fil a m e n ts are now bei n gi n ve s tigated cai eful ly by lM 1 . l tobe1 t I’aulson , w ho bel i e ves t h e m tobe sepa1at e o r ga n i s m s , p1obablyR h i zopods .T h at abso r pt io n does take plac e see m s h i g h ly p robabl e i n v i ew of

th e fac t t h at sto m ates o r po r es of so m e k i n d are k n ow n to ex i s tin t h e c ut ic l e of t h ose po r t io n s of t h e ste m and t h e i n n e r w a l l s oft h e c ups w h i c h a r e sub m e rged w h e n t h e c ups a r e fu l l of w ate r

,a n d

a l so o f t h e leaves . T h ese sto m ates w e r e obse r ved by Ba r the lem y i nl 8 78 . T h ey al so a r e now u n de r go i n g i n vest i gat io n by M r . Paul so n ,w ho fi n ds t h at t h ose upo n t h e s te m va ry in so m e po i n ts of detai lf r o m t h ose 0 11 t h e u ppe r s ide of t h e lea ves . E i t h e r o r bot h of t h es ek i n ds m ay se r ve e i t h e r as exc r e tio n - gla n ds o r as abso rpt io n - gla n ds

,o r

as bot h . I t i s n ec essa r y , h ow e ve r , to aw a i t M r . Pau lso n’ s f u r t h e r

r esul ts befo r e speak i n g posi t i vely as to t h e i r fu n c tio n s .A n ot h e r m atte r w h i c h m us t be aw a ited i s a ca r eful a n a lys i s of t h e

l iquo r fo u n d i n t h e Tease l c up , bot h i n i ts ea r ly f r es h n ess a n d i n i tslate r fet id co n d i tio n . Mo r e t h a n two yea r s ago , I m ade a r ra n gem e n ts fo r suc h a n a lyses ; but m y pla n s h a ve bee n defeated by t h er e ce n t ab n o r m al weat h e r - co n d i t io n s . I n 1921 , ow i n g to t h e excess i v ed ro ug h t

,l i quo r was n ot obta i n abl e i n a n al y zabl e qua n t i ty : i n 1922 ,

t h o ug h l i quo r w as obtai n abl e i n suffi c i e n t qua n t i ty , t h e cold wet

w eat h e r w h i c h p r evailed at t h e c r it i ca l s easo n w as so p r ejud ic ia l toi n sec t l ife t h at p rac ti cal ly n o i n sec ts w e r e caug h t and t h e l i quo rn e ve r atta i n ed i ts n o r m a l pu t r id i ty .

0 11 t h e w h o l e , h ow e ve r , i f t h e r e i s a s yet 11 0 co n c lus i ve p r oof,

t h e r e se e m s e ve ry r easo n to bel ie ve t h at t h e m a i n use of t h e w ate rc ups of t h e Tease l i s t h e catc h i n g of s m al l i n s ects t h at the pla n tex ude s i n to t h e w ate r w h i c h co l l ects i n t h e c ups so m e n a r coti z i n gs ubsta n c e ; t h at t h i s bot h att rac ts a n d stupefies t h e

“ i n sect s ,”

caus i n g t h e m to d r ow n t h at , a fte r d r ow n i n g, t h ey dec o m pose i n t h efl u id

,cau s i n g i t to beco m e ve ry h i g h ly c h a r ged w it h n i t roge n ou s

m atte r ; t h at t h e p la n t t h e n d igests a n d abso r bs t h i s m atte r , de r i v i n gn u t r i m e n t t h e r ef r o m ; a n d t h at t h e Teas el i s , t h e r efo r e , t r u ly ear

n ivo rous , as suggested at t h e o u tset . I t i s d ifficul t to see how a n yot h e r co n c l us io n ca n be r eac h ed ; i n as m uc h a s w e fi n d

,i n c o n n ec tio n

w i t h t h e pl a n t , p r act ica l ly al l t h e c h a rac te r i s t ic featu r es w h i c h oc cu r ,i n o n e fo r m o r a n ot h e r i n c o n n ect io n w i t h o t h e r pla n ts w h ic h are

r ecog n i zed u n i v e r sa l l y as ca r n i vo r ous .Ass u m i n g m y co n te n t io n to be p r o ve n , i t m ay be sa id of t h e

Tease l t h attj

i t i s o n e o f t h e la r ges t ca r n i vo r ou s pla n t s k n ow nc e r tai n ly by far t h e l a rgest i n B r i ta i n t h at i t i s capab l e o f captu r i n gand di gest i n g la r ge r and h ea v i e r c r eatu r es t h a n a n y ot h e r ; and t h at ,i n captu r i n g i ts p r ey , i t e m ploys m et h ods w h ic h d i ffe r co n s ide r ablyf ro m t h ose of n ea r ly a l l ot h e r pla n ts h av i n g s i m i la r h ab i ts .

Ca1 n ivorous pla n ts m ay be d i v ided r oug h ly i n to fou r c lasses ,i cco 1ding to th e m et h ods of captme thev e m ploy.

'

l hus

( 1) F a rew e l l /( 1,and D 1 0M 1 fl a l l ex ud e a sw ee t v isc i d

s ub sta n ce o n the su r face of t h e i r l eaves , w h i c h , w h e n s m al l i n sec tsh ave bee n att rac ted a n d caug h t t h e r eby , c u r l o r c lose o ve r , co ve r ,and digest t h e m .

(2 )— N epo1zt lzes a n d bot h h a ve deep p i tc h e r s,


1 6 T 11 13 JOURNAL o r HOT .\NY

D 11. STIRTON’

S NE W BRITISH MOSSE S RE V I SE D .

BY H . N . D IXON , M .A E .L .S .

(Continued from p .

C'. synap l ecius St irt . i n Sco tt . Nat . No . x i . p . 231 (Ta rbe r t i n Ha r r i s ; A ug .

— T h i s a l so i s a fo r m of C . S c lt wa i 'zu ,

o n l y diffe r i n g i n t h e so m ew h at s 111al le r a u r i c l es,a n d i n t h a t r espec t

fo r m i n g a s l ig h t app r oac h to C. 18 0 1111101 0 11 .

D icranum C t lj) l l 0 ( l 0 8 S t irt . in Scott . Nat . No . x i i . p . 257

(Ben Voirl ich by Loc h Lo m o n d ; — 1 ca n see n o l ea so n w hyt h i s s h o u ld n o t be D . u 1zc i1zatzun T h e desc 11pt ion s ugges tst h i s , s i n c e i t says t h at t h e s t r uc tu r e of t h e leaf bas e “ i s t h at ofD . c irc inatzun ,

” a n d i t does n o t po i n t out a n y d i sti n gu i s h i n g cha

rac te1 s . T h e l eaves i n t h i s spec i m e n al e,i t i s t1 u e

,m ostly n o t

c i1 c inate . simpl v falcate , a n d t h i s is per h aps t h e reaso n why Stu tond id n o t assoc iate i t w i t h D . un c inaz

‘um; bu t so m e of t h e l ea ves a1o

v e iy st i ongl v fa l cate , a n d i n anothe1 gathe1 ing f1 o m t h e sa m e loca l i tythev are qu ite as c ircinate as us ua l in D . un cz

’

o

natmn .

D . e .rp a l 1u(w1n St i 1 t . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . vi. 1 18 (Ta1be1 ti n Hau is ; Aug.

— Sti1 t0 n gi ves 110 l oca l ity ; b ut t h i s i s t h eo n ly speci

’

menfso t h at i t i s ce r ta i n ly t h e o n e desc r i bed . E xcept t h att h e n e r ve i s rat h e r u n us ua l ly n a r r ow fo r Cmnpyl opus subul az‘us a n dt h at t h e s te m s a r e ta l l

,t h i s d i ffe r s i n n o w ayf r o m spec i m e n s gat h e r ed

at t h e sa m e t i m e a n d place , a n d r efe r r ed by Stir to n to C’. subulatus .

I t i s C . subul atus var . e l onga tus Bosw .

D . Fe rgusson i S t irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . v i i i . 412 (A r i sa i g ,1906 ; Tay val l i c h , 1898 , &c . )— St i r to n desc r ibes t h i s f r o m se ve ra lgat h e r i n gs

,n o t i n d ica t i n g a n y o n e a s type . T h e o r ig i n a l gat h e r i n g

w as i n Mul l ; but t h e spec i m e n s de sc r ibed by Stir to n as s h ow i n g ag r eate r deg r ee of dev elop m e n t t h a n t h os e of a n y ot h e r k n own l oca l i tya r e f1 0 111 A i isaig.

S t ii tou co 1npa1 es i t w i t h D . S cot tiamcm (but t l1e1e 1s ce1 tai1111 110

c lose co n n ec t io n w i t h t h at) , 11 1th D .jit scescens , a n d w i t h D . 11[ u0 71

l enbe c/czi B . S . ,co n s ide r i n g i t 0 11 t h e w h o le 11ea1est t h e last , 0 11

accou n t of t h e de n se to m e n tu m a n d po r o se cel ls . T h e c el ls i n D . f uscescmzs , h ow e ve r , a r e f r equ e n tly po r ose , and t h e to m e n tu m i n t h espec i m e n i s n o m o r e de n se t h a n i n so m e of S t irton

'

s ow n spec i m e n sof D . f uscescens i t i s c e r ta i n ly t h at spec ies , a n d n ot, I s h o u ld saya s D . f uscescens goes— a ve ry m a r ked fo r m of it .

D . St irt . i n Scott . Nat . No . x i i . p . 258 (Ben) It u i

,Gr. E . H u n t , — St i r to n desc r ibed i t a s w i t h out po r e s

i n t h e c e l l - w al l s ; but t h e low e r c e l l s h ave t h e wa l l s d i st i n c tly po r os e .I t d i ffe r s i n n o w ay f r o m D . 1110 116 . Stir to n , i n deed , i n desc r ibi n g i t ,ed uces 110 d i st i n gu is h i n g c h a ra c te r s of a n y w e ig h t ; o n ly t h e h abi t,w h ic h i s n ot m a r ked , the ala r c el l s red i n s tead of o ra n ge , se ve ra l o i lglobu l es i n a c el l i n stead of o n e , &c . l

D . in te r l ude ns S t irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . 11 . x i i . 111 (BenLaw e r s — Co m pa r ed w i t h D . 111/(in s , D . conges tum, a n dD . B oujenn i. I t appea r s to m e a si m pl e fo r m of t h e last . T h e

DR . srmron’

s BR IT I SH rto sszs 1 7

l ea ve s a r e undulate at t i p , t h e c el l s ag r ee , a n d t h e desc r ipt io n sugges tsn o difierence, except t h a t t h e uppe r ce l l s a r e sa id to be l i ke D . can

gestum,w h i c h i s n o t bo r n e out by t h e spec ime n .

D . l eiop kyl lmn S tirt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x vi. 178 (A r isa ig ; A ug . 1906 ; o n s to n e wal l s . )— T h i s i s a ta l l fi n e fo r m ofD ic rmzowez

’

sm cr isp ula .

D . 11ze ( l 1'

e l l 211n S t irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x i i . 1 13 (BenLaw e r s , 1902 ; I) . Hagga r t . ) — l ) escribed as al l i ed to D . S ia rkez

’

,

w i th t h e d‘ flow e r c lose to t h e perichze t ium,

but w i t h d iffe r e n t ce l lT h e c e ll s a r e s h o r t e ve ryw h e r e , a n d m a r kedly pap i l l ose i n t h e subula ;t h e capsu l e i s s h o r t a n d o n ly fa i n tly st r u m ose . If t h e se c h a r ac te r sw e r e co n sta n t, i t m ig h t w el l sta n d as a spec ie s, o r a subsp. of D . f a]

catum,to w h i c h i t i s m o r e n ea r ly a l l i ed t h a n to D . Smrkei. But I

find (a) so m e of t h e l ea ves h a ve cel l s of t h e no r m a l fo r m ,a n d are

sca r ce ly r oug h ; (b) I h ave i n m y h e r ba r ium Spec i m e n s of bo t hD . S tarkei a n d D . f al catmn w i t h s h o r t ce l l s but n ot partic ula r lyr oug h subula, o r e ve n qu ite s m oot h ; a n d ( c) a paral le l fo r m ofD . S tarkei gat h e r ed by L . J . Cocks on Ma m Sou l , Ross - s h i r e , h a sa l m os t iden t ica l cel l - c h a r ac te r s , a n d a s i m i la r , s h o r t, sca r c ely st r u m osecapsu l e but t h e s i ze of t h e leav e s , a n d t h e st r o n gly m a r k ed au r i c l e sa r e ce r ta i n ly n ot t h o se of D . medie l lum

,b ut of D . S tarkei. If

D . medie l lum w e r e ma i n ta i n ed , t h i s w ou ld c e r ta i n ly h a ve to tak es i m i la r r a n k . I t see m s bette r to l ook upo n bot h a s de r i vat i ve fo r m s

,

t h e o n e f r o m D . f a l catum, t h e ot h e r f r o m D . S /M ' lre i ; a n d s i n c ei n te r m ed iate fo r m s oc c u r , i t i s h a rd ly poss i ble to g i ve t h e m va r i eta lrank .

D . notabil e St irt . i n Scott . Nat . No . x11. p . 257 (Lcnoxtow n w oods , Ca m psi e ; — T h i s i s c e r ta i n ly D z

’

cran odonh uml ongiros tre ; t h e lea ve s a r e d i sti n ctly ab ruptly w ide n ed abo ve t hebase , not g radual ly lanceolatc as desc r i bed by Sti r to n h e mayposs ib lyh ave had two pla n ts u n de r h i s eye .D . subn itescens S t irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . v i i i . 44 (Ki n

lo id Fa r m n ea r A r i sa i g ; Sept . —T h i s spec i m e n i s ce r ta i n lyD . S cot tiammn ; t h e r e s ee m s not h i n g i n t h e desc r i pt i o n e i t h e r tosepa r ate i t , exc ept t h at t h e subula i s desc r ibed as toot h ed ,

but I find

i t qui te o r p r act i ca l ly e n ti r e . As Sti r to n has reduc ed t h i s to a var.

of D . Fwy/

1138 0 111, i t i s p r obabl e t h at i t w as m i xed w i t h D . f zzs ces cens ,s i n c e t h e l eav es of t h a t a r e d i st i n ctly toot h ed , 11 h i l e h e r e t h ey are

e n t i r e .

61111 1111111 0 P 13

S elt zer/[drum S tirt . i n A n n . Sc . N . H . x v i . 175— T h e r e i s n o packet so n am ed i n t h e h e r ba r i u m , but t h r ee packetslabel l ed “ S cbisfi th

'

unz ap ocarp zuu var . c r isp ul um B en

Law e r s , ant Ben Law e r s , 1867 (June ) are ce r ta i n l y t h e.o r ig i n a l s . They a r e a l l G r imnua np ocarpa va r . o r subsp. mad-il ls,w i t h w h ic h t h e desc r ipt io n qu ite ag r ees .

Gr innnia ca l rcscens Stirt . in Ann . Sc . N . 11 . x . 1 12

(“ A r i sai g ; Aug._ 190 6 . See A n n a l s of Sco tt . Nat . l l is tx,

Ap r.

1901 —T h i s spec i m e n post -dates the. actual desc r ipt io n but S t i r to np r obably cons ide r ed i t to be a bet te r de veloped pla n t t h a n t h a t

18 TH E Jo unnu . o r h o'

ran y

desc r ibed , a n d m o r e c h a r a cte r i st i c . I t i s s i m ply Ithacmnitr inmhe l cr os tick 11m va r . a l opeczu 11 111. The l ea ves me sho l t ly h a i 1 po i n ted .

G . f 11/11 me 11 Sti 1 t . in Ann . Sc . N . H . x v i i . 171 (A 1 isaig ;Sept . 1907.

—T h i s i s m e r e ly a 1 atl1e1 i obust fo r m of G . 507101114 1111.

T l 1e1 e is n ot h i n g 111 t h e descri pt io n inapprop1 iate to t h i s spec i es .G . J z1sco

- vir icl is S tirt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x . 1 12 (Ta rbe r tin Ha r r i s ; Aug.

— T h i s i s t h e s ub - obtuse l ea ved fo r m ofhe teros t ickmn va r . a l op ecurum ( G . obtuse

G . 71a l op hil a Stirt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . i x . 177 (Unst ,

S h etla n d ; J uly — T h is i s a 0 e 1'a t0 1lon , 1vith n e r ve exc u r r e n ta n d m a rgi n e n t i r e o r n ea r ly so ; p r obably 0 . con icus . Sti r to n has aMS . n o te do ubtful w h e t h e r t h e desc r iptio n r efe r r ed to t h e G . [ca l o

p 11ila ,”w h ate ve r t h a t m ay m ea n . T h e r e i s , h ow eve r , o n e pac ket o n ly ,

a n d i t co n ta i n s 110 m i xtu r e , a n d t h e des c r i ptio n s ee m s qu i te appl i cab l eto t h e C'emtodon .

G . hemipo l ia S tirt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x i . 109 (Skye ,n ea r B r oadfo r d ; 2 Sept . , — T h i s i s c l ea r ly G . ovata . Sti r to ndoes n o t co m pa r e i t w i th t h at, and appea r s to h a ve o ve r look ed t h ea ffi n i ty .

G . H orni S tirt . i n Sco tt . Nat . No . xxvn . p . 2 18

Scotla n d , G le n Ogle , G eo . Ho r n e ; Apr . 1887 . G r inwnia sp z'

ra l z'

s

fo r m a . Lea ves n ot sp i r a l ly — T h e r e i s n o doubt of t h i sbe i n g the o r i g i n a l of G . H orne, t h oug h t h e packet i s n ot so label l ed .

I t i s t h e s m al l fo r m of G . f unal is r efe r r ed to i n t h e Ha n dbook ,s h ow i n g sca r c ely a n y tw i s t i n g of t h e leaves . T h e a r eolatio n a n do t h e r c h aracte r s qu ite ag r ee . One o r two s te m s s h ow ve ry c l ea r lya n d p r ett i ly t h e spi ral arrangemen t of t h e lea ves , t h oug h t h e indiv idual leaves w h e n d ry ex h ib i t sca r c ely a n y spi r a l a l te r atio n of pos i t io n .

G . incegua l is St irt . in Ann . Sc . N . H . x v i i . 172 (Ga r sc ube n ea r G lasgow ; D ec .

—T h is i s t h at fo r m of G . subsquar

rosa Wil s . w h ic h i n basa l c e l l s , p r ese n c e of ge m m ae, c o lou r , a n d h ab i ti s qu i te c h a rac te r i st ic , but t h e lea ves a r e sca r c ely subsquarrose . Ih a ve see n t h i s fo r m now f ro m se ve r a l l ocal i t ies , a n d look u po n it asd i st i n ct l y co n n ec ti n g G . subsgzmrrosa a n d G . tr ickoplzyl la. Sti r to ns ee m s to h ave bee n r at h e r w o r r i ed by t h e m a rgi n be i n g r ecu r v ed o no n e s ide o n ly , but t h i s i s n o t i n f r eque n t i n G . t1

'ic710p lzg/l la ,and u sua l

i n G . ova ta . A fu r t h e r spec i m e n , D al m e n y n ea r E d i n bu r g h ; D ee .

1905 ; Jas . M cAndrew,

” i s the sa m e t h i n g . I find i n m y ow n

h e r ba r i u m a spec i m e n f r o m Co r s to r p h i n e H i l l , n ea r E di n bu r g h , July1906, c ol l . Jas . M cAndrew , se n t m e as G . ia na l is Sti r to n

,w h i c h I

h ave a n n otated “ A fo r m of G . snbsg'

nm'

rosa , qu i te s i m i l a r to fo r m sf ro m Pe m b rokes h i r e ( of Moss E xc h . Cl . Repo r t, 1908 , p .

G . p ap il l ul amSt irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x i . 1 10 (Ta rbe r ti n Ha r r i s . ) — '

I‘h is i s based e n ti r ely o n t h e fa i n tly papi l l o se cel l s i n t h e

uppe r pa r t of t h e l eaf (total ly d i st i n ct , as St i r to n po i n ts out , f r o mt h ose of canescens ) i t i s 110 doubt a n u n usua l featu r e ,but i t oc c u r s fo r i n sta n c e i n “ Rimeomitrinm he terostz

’

cknm va r .

ymc il es cen s , H us n . M . G al l . 8 19, to a l m os t t h e sa m e ex te n t . I t i sn ot assoc iated w i t h a n y ot h e r c h a rac te r s , a n d ca n h a rdly be t r eatedas m o r e t h a n a sl i g h t fo r m , I t h i n k , of R . heter os l ichzun var. 11l o

pC’

U/U'

HIN .

DR. STIRTON’

S BRIT I SH mos se s 1 1)

G . p l atgpbg l l e St irt . i n Scott . Nat . No . x x v i i . p . 219

(Nea r Cal le n de r ; — A r at h e r m a r ked fo r m of the ve ry va r ia bl eG . ( 1110 0 1117911, h av i n g ve ry w ide , s h o r t l eaves , a n d a lo n g h a ir -po i n t

,

a l m os t equal l i n g t h e l e n gt h o f t h e leaf .G . p o l ite S t irt . i n A n n . Sc . N . H . x v i . 172 (A r i sa ig ;

Ju ly — '

l‘he aut h o r says i t i s a l l i ed to G . but

q u i te di s t i n c t ; h e fa i l s , h ow e ve r , to po i n t o ut any d i s t i n gui s h i n gc h a rac te r s . I t i s G . tr ickopbgl ie fo r m a prop egu lg

'

fere Limpr . (w h i c hi s 110 1‘ G . s e bsgue rrose , as Limprich t states , by t h e way) .

G . r ubescens St irt . in Scott . Bo t . Rev . 1. 90 (Ga i r l oc h ,Ross - s h i r e ; Sept . —St i r to n does n ot co m pa r e t h i s w i t h a n yspec i es . I t i s o n ly G . tr iclzop lzgl l e .

G . subeguil e S tirt . i n A n n . Sc . N . H . x v i i i . 2 41 3 (Loc hnam-Uamh ,

n ea r A r i sa ig Sept . —T h i s i s s i m ply G . 110 0 121 16 113 .

G . suble r z’

de St irt . in Scott . Nat . i x . 36 (Ta rbe1t i nHa r r i s Aug.

— A ve ry o rd i n a ry fo r m of Rhe a-0 111111 1 11 111 11 1/ feros l e

'

c lzem var. gracil es cens . D r . B rai t h wa ite a l so r efe r r ed i t to t h isspec ies .

G . undul e te S tirt . i n Scott . Bot . Rev . 1. 91 (Gai r l oc h,

Ross - s h i r e ; Aug.

—T h is i s o n e of t h e f r eque n t fo r m s o fG . tr ickop lzgl l e , s h ow i n g a n app r oac h to G . subsgzmr r ose i n thebasa l a r eolat io n .

0 0 118 0 0 111113 St irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x v i . 179

(G le n Lochay; D . Hagga r t ; — T h i s i s t h e h a i r l essfo r m of Rhe e . w h ic h 1 take to be a fo r m r at h e r t h a n astabl e va r iety .

R . dive1'ge1zs St irt . i n Ann . Sc . N H . xv i . 179 (Type ,O n ic h ; Sept . — As t h e d esc r i ptio n w ou ld suggest , t h i s i sR . 1

'

e 111ul 03e 111, t h e m o r e r obu s t fo r m w i t h w ide h a i r - po i n ts , to w h i c hI h ave r efe r r ed i n t h e Ha n dbook .

’R . has bee n l ooked

upo n as a ra r e mess i n Scotla n d , but Sti r to n h as i t f r o m s eve ra ll oca l i ti es i n Ross - s h i r e , &c .

R . he terostickemva r . emblgpbgl l emSt irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x i .1 12 (Nea r Ki l l i n . )— T h i s i s t h e va r . e l opece r tue w i t hr at h e r b road ap ices to t h e leaves , a n d h a i r - po ints .

TORTULACEAE.

D idgmodon te rgescens St irt . i n Scott . Nat . No . xv . 35

(Ben Law e r s ; July— Sti r to n h as w r i tte n ac r o ss t h e labe l o f

t h i s : : Zggoclo11 l epp onz’

cus , w h ic h t h e m oss u n doubted ly i s .L ep z

‘odon t ium Ross ii S tirt . i n T ra n s . A? P r oc . Bo t . Soc . E d inb .

x xv i. 421 (B la i r m o r e o n t h e C lyde ; Oc t . 1911 ; L . \V .

Sti r to n . )— A ve ry fi n e,tal l

,r obust , ste r i le fo r m of Rana/0 11 1 11 111

oren e l e te Ja m eso n . 1 h a ve n o t see n i t so r obust f r o m B r i ta i n , butI h a ve gat h e r ed a ve ry s i m i la r fo r m i n t h e Py r e n ees .

B e rbe l e eggrege z‘e S t irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . 11. v i : 120

( 11[ ol l 1'

11 aggrega te S t irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . l l . x i x . 1 71 ("l‘ar

be r t i n Ha r r i s ; July — Sti r to n late r co n s ide r ed t h at t h is m ig h tbe lo n g to B . f 1

'

eg1'

l 1i

s a n d.

r ed uc ed i t to afo rm of t h at I s h o u ld ce r ta i n ly r efe r i t to t h at speu es .

JOURNAL o r [ lr‘lcnn l

'

xnh

50 1 111: Jo uns 1 1. or no'

rx ivr

B . 1 7110 1 011711111e S t irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x i i . 116 (BenLan e i s ; b 1 .

'

1 h i s ga ve m e a good dea l of t r .ouble Sti r to nc ompai c s it w i t h B . 1 ecz1 1 vzf o l z11 . 1t is ve1 v m uc h l i ke a 1 obust

fo im of t h at , w i t h l eaves fu l ly 3 m m . l o n g , but difiers i n se ve r a lh an k ed charac tci s, as i t do es fi o m al l the al l i ed spec i e s of B 111 l111 l e

w i t h w h i c h I co m pa r ed i t . I t tu r n s o ut to be a ve ry m a r ked fo r mo f 11110 01117111 subsp. gre cz

’

l is,w i t h h a i r l e ss l ea ves the n e r ve

h i g h ly m u r i cate a t back i s q u i te c h a racte r i st i c ; t he r ec u r ved l ea ve sare u n u s ual and I t h i n k , i f t h i s pla n t be t r eated as a subspec i es ,rat h e r t h a n as 11 var. of G . 11110 0 1117111, S t irton

’

s m ay w e l l be gi ve nva r i eta l rank u n de r i t . I p r opose t h e r efo r e to cal l i t

(3 111111 11 11 GRAC IL I S Sc h l e i ch . va r . cu t onoruxxx (St irt . ) D i xo nc o m b . no v .

S t irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . i x . 1 76

(O r k n ey , 1\1ain land ; Aug. 1889 : publ i s h ed 11 Apr .,

—T h edate 1887 i n t h e publ i s h ed (l esc ript ion i s a n e r r o r . T h e r e i s o n ly o n epac ket . I t i s B e rbul e 1 1111191111 va r . 11 166 1 11 11111 B raithw . Th e m a r gi nis n o t actual ly t h i ck e n ed , a s the desc r i ptio n m ig h t see m to imply ,but ve ry clo sely rcflexe d, as S ti r ton m akes c lear i n h i s MS . n otes .

B . 1110 11 1 1110 St irt . i n Sc ott . Bot . Rev . 1. 93 (O n i c h ,1 ocks nee11 t h e sea, a n d o l d w al ls ; Sept . 1909 .

— Tl1is i s a v erv co mp ic t fo1 m of We 13 1e 1 111163 1 7 13

— i n d eed , t h e va r . co 111p 110 1‘e B . 85 S .

3 . 11 1110 3 e S tirt . in A n n . Sc . N . H . x iv . 106 (Muddyst i cam n ea r t h e s ea , A1isaig Aug .

— '

1‘h i s is a s m al l fo r m of

1'

1'

1

'

0710 3 10 11111111fl e 11 0 - 1 11 8 113 , w i t h 110 ve ry d i st in c t c h a r ac te r s . Sti r to n,

in desc r i bi n g h is .ZlIoIl z'

e 3 111191111 111 (w h ic h appea r s to me ve ry

o rd i n a ry Tr ick . fl e w states t h at be i s now d i sposed to pu tB . 11

’

1110 3e as a va r . unde r i t . I n a n othe r publ ica ti o n St i r to n r efe r sto t h i s pla n t as .ZlIos e 111110 3 11 .

B . 111110 3 0 1111 St irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x v i . 175 (A r i sa igSept . —'

1‘his i s o n e of t h e ve ry few of St irton ’

s s pec ie s w h ic happea r s to m e of va l ue . I t C l ea r ly h as affi n i ty w i t h T1' 1

'

c l1os fo 11111111

ji111'

0 but i t i s a n ext r e m ely s m al l pla n t w i t h ve1y s m a l ll eaves

,w h i c h are 1110 1e o r l e s s st i ongly 1 ecu1 ved w h e n mo i s t , the

ma rgi n s pla n e , n o t inc u1 ved abov e,the apex subobtuse w i t h t h e n e1 ve

exc u r r e n t i n a s h o r t c u sp idate po i n t . T h e cel ls are s l ig h tly la r ge rt h a n i n T .

'

fl 11 1‘o a n d are ve ry pel l uc id , n ea r ly s m oot h , mstead

o f be i n g h ig h ly obsc u r e w i t h de n se papi l lae as i n t h at spec ie s . I

p ropose to 1e ta i n it as a n i ndepen de n t spec ie s , but i t i s poss i bl e t h a ti t oug h t to be c o n s ide r ed as a subsp. of T . jl 11 1

'

0

B . 0 111113 11711 Lindb .

— St i r to n (G lasgow Nat . v i . 99 h a sr eco rded t h i s as a Bri t i s h pla n t 0 11 t h e ba s i s of a spec i m e n f r o m t he

B r idge o f A l la n . T he spec i m e n i s label led Nr . B r idge of A l la n ;25 Ap r . but Sti r to n has co r r ec ted t h i s to Ma r k i n c h , end ofMav . 19 14 .

B . 0 111113 11111 Lindb. i s d esc r i bed a s tw i ce o r th i ice as la r ge a sB 1 1 3 0 111111 , t

‘1 1e lea ves m o l e spi ral ly co 11to 1 tcd , se ta pale r , peric ha t ium

mo re prominen t l v c xse1 ted , 1noi e ope n , &c . , &c . 1 do n ot fi n d anyof t h e se chara c tc l s i n Sti 1 te n 3 pla n t , w h i c h appea r s to me to d i ffe rin n o w ayf i o m o ui so uthc i n B . 1 l 1ave n ot see n B . 0 61113 11111 ,w h ic h Li n dbe r g s tates he has no t see n f r o m a n y w h e r e beyo n d Swede n .

DR . srmrox’

s 111111 13 11 mo s s e s 5 1

I a m qui te su r e , h ow e ve r , t h at i t ca n n o t be r eco rded as B r i t is h o nt h e s t r e n gt h of t h i s p la n t .

B . 111'

1'

1

'

1lesce 113 St irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x v . 110 (Co n n e lFe r ry ; Sept . —T h i s m u st , I t h i n k , be r efe r r ed to B . 1

T h e cel ls a r e pe r h aps m o r e h i g h ly pap i l los e t h a n i s u sual,but I do

n ot fi n d t h e m app r ec i ab ly la r ge r (Sti r to n desc r i bes t h e m as h av i n ga n a r ea 3 o r 4: t i m es la r ge r t h a n t h at of B . f 11l l 11x o r B .

I t i s a r obus t fo r m , a n d t h e r efo r e so m ew hat i n te r m ed iate betw ee nB . vi110 11 l 1

’

3 a n d B .

121111110 1 111 0 1'

1’

1'

1l 11l 11 St irt . n . ge n . a n d sp. i n T ra n s . P r o c . Bot .

Soc . E dinb . xxv i . 428 (P l ockto n , Ross - s h i r e ; Aug.

— T h i s ca n n o t be sepa r ated f r o m B 111’611l 11 311111110 1311. 1 find n o cha

racters of a n y i m po r ta n c e to di s ti n gu i s h it f r o m o r d i n a ry fo r m s oft h at spec ies except t h at t h e l ids a r e u n usual ly lo n g ; but I h ave as i m i la r fo r m f ro m Bo l to n Woods ,W h a r fedal e , w i t h t h e l ids so m eti m esequal ly lo n g, so m eti m es as s h o r t as usua l .

Jlf o l l ia aggregamStirt . See B 111'b11l 11 1199 1 1 711111 .

M . 0 0 113110 13 11 Stirt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x v i i i . 172 (O n i c h ;Sept . —T h is i s T1' 1

'

0710 3 10 111111n mutabil e , a n d appea r s to me afai r ly ordi n a ry fo r m . I ts r e latio n s h i p (as w e l l as t h at of M 111111

1110 3 00 113 St irt . ) to Tr iele. 111111116110 (as M ol l ie i sr ecog n i zed by D r . Sti r to n .M . H aggar tz

’

i Stirt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x i . 106 (N ear

Ki l l i n , D . Hagga r t ; To m e u n ique,St i r to n says . He

i s n ot t h e fi r s t who h a s bee n take n i n by t h i s p la n t, w h ic h i s t h e

s te r i l e pla n t of D ip lzysciumf 0 l 1'

0 3 11111. Husnot , i tmay be r e m e m be r ed ,desc r ibed i t a s D 'idymoclon 0 11111113 1.M 11116111110 3 00 113 S tirt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x v i i i . 171

(O n ic h ; Sept . — T h i s i s T 1 '1’

0710 3 10 11111111 111111116176 , a fo r m w i thr a t h e r acute po i n ts to t h e l eaves , a n d t h e l ea ves t h e m se l ves ra t h e rl o n g a n d n a r r ow , but n ot ext rao r d i n a r i ly so fo r so va r iab le a pla n t .M laxu la St irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . i x . 175 (Ben

Law e r s, 1863 ; a n d Ben Law e r s , 1863 o r — T h is i s B 111

'6z1 l 11

rubel l a, a s l ig h t va r iat io n f r o m type .M 111110 3 11 . See B 111

'611l 11 l i1110 311 .

M . 3 00217101058 0 S tirt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . i x . 175 (Nea rBow l i n g 0 11 t h e C lyde ; —Fo r so m e doubt a s t o the l oca l i tysee St i r to n , 011 . e t l oo. al l . T h e l eaves are w ide fo r T1'1

'

0710 3 /0 11111111

crispu lmn, but i t i s c e r ta i n ly o n ly a. fo r m of t h at,n ea r es t pe r h a ps to

va r . e l atumSchimp., w h i c h h as s i m i la r ly w ide , subobtuse l eaves , but i s

a la r ge r pl a n t .M 3 11661f a1

~111 St irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x v i i i . 21 1

(Back of Keppoc h n ea r A r i sa i g ; 1 1 Sept . , —T h i s i s qu iteo r d i n a ry Tr ick . fl aw - 1111 0 113 ; I ca n s ee 110 po i n ts of d i ffe r e n c e a t a l l .S t i r to n

,i n desc r i b i n g i t, says h e i s now i n c l i n ed to place B 111

'611111 111110 3 11

as 11 va r . u n de r i t .M . 15191 1731111 S t irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . i x . 1 1 6 (O n i c h ,

w est Fo r t W i l l ia m . T h e m ost t y pical fo r m . )— l t i sva r . E e l /11

°

. The l eaves are so m eti m es fai n tl y pal ebo r de r ed i n 1 o r 2 r ow s , but t h e l ea ves see m hardl v the r ig h t shape

52 THE JOURNAL or B OTANY

fo r va r . D aJJizzimw m. O t h e r pla n ts u n de r t h i s n a m e i n S t irton’

s

h e r ba r i u m a r e va r i o u s states of t h e r obust fo r m of T . z‘enm

’

r os l re .

III. fizraus ta S tirt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x v i i i . 170 — T h i s isr e fe r r ed by Sti r to n h i m se lf to Tr ichos tomzun tor tuosum va r . f ragil i

f o l ium.

Tr ichos tomum compare/umS t irt . Se e Zep fofr icbum compac l'

zun .

T . episcmum S t irt . i n A n n . Sc . N . H . x v i . 173 (Co n n e lFerrv ; Sept . —A rat h e r ta l l fo r m of T. mutabil c va r . l il tora l e .

T h e desc r i pt io n , i t w i l l be see n , qu i te i m pl i es t h i s .

(To be c on tinued . )

NOTE S ON JA M AICAN TE RNSTRCEM l ACE fE .

B Y W . FAWCETT , B . Sc . , AND A . B . REND LE , F .R .S .

M R. Sr imG UE ’

s c r i t i c i s m s (p . 17) of o u r n otes i n the D ec e m be rn u m be r of t h i s Jou r n a l (p . 361) h a ve s uggested t h e fo l low ingr e m a r k sM r . Sp rague states t h at Theacece i s t h e co r r ec t n a m e fo r t h e

fa m i ly co m m o n ly k n ow n i n t h i s cou n t ry as Ternsz‘r cemmceae ( seeJou r n . Be t . 1922 , We w ou ld r efe r h i m to h i s o wn r e m a r k o np . 70 of the a r t ic le to w h ic h h e r efe r s , n a m ely , “ i t w i l l be n ecessaryto h a ve a l i s t of nomina conser vamla fo r fa m il i e s , i n o r de r t h at w el lk n ow n n a m es m ay n ot be s upe r seded o n pu r ely tec h n i ca l g r ou n d s .Jus t o n t h i s ac co u n t w e t h i n k t h a t the n a m e l v

'

nstrwmiacew s h oul dbe r eta i n ed u n t i l t h e l ist of nomina conser vanda of fa m i l i es i s ag r eedto and publ i s h ed .

1 . CLE YE RA .

M r . Sp rague quotes c h a r ac te r s f r o m Thunberg’

s ge n e r i c descript i o n

,n a m ely , antherae h irtaa a n d “ s ty lus filiformis

,

” a n d f r o m t h espec ific des c r i pt io n flo r es ax i l la r es , u n u s , duo ve l t r e s , pedunculat ito suppo r t h i s a r gu m e n t t h at T h u n be r g i n des c r ib i n g h i s ge n usCl ef/em had befo r e h i m a spec i m e n of t h e pla n t desc r i bed a n d figu r edby S iebo ld a n d Zuccarini i n Fl . Japo n . 153 , t . 8 1 . But t h e spec ificdescriptio n al so has t h e w o r ds fol ia i n ul timorum ramulorum u l t i m oapic e subverticil lata , quate r n a , quina vel Se n a , inaequal ia sesqu i

po l l icaria,”w h i c h fi ts t h e spec i e s of Terns fraomia ,

but does n o tag r ee w i t h t h e spec i es of Cl ef/em . Aga i n

,of t h e lea ves i t i s sa i d

“ oblo n go - o vata , obtusa , api c e t enuissime se r rata ,”w h i c h does n ot

ag r ee w i t h e i t h e r spec i es . On t h e w h ol e , t h e de sc r i pt io n i s so co n fusedt h at w e ca n n o t w o n de r t h at bota n i sts h a ve take n Kaempfer

’

s figur e ,w h i c h T h u n be r g h i m sel f c i tes , and t h e ide n ti ty of w h i c h i s c e r ta i n , asr ep r ese n t i n g Thunberg

’

s ge n u s C l cyem . Kacmpfer’

s figu r e repre

se n ts Terns/rmmia jap on z'

ca , w i t h w h i c h T h u n be r g h i m sel f late r

(T ra n s . Li n n . Soc . i i . 335 ) ide n t ified h i s ow n O l eyem jap on z'

ca . I ti s of i n te r es t to n ote t h at t h e r e i s i n He r b . Ba n ks a spec i m e n ofTcrnst f

rcemia jap on ica f r o m Japa n se n t by'

1‘liunberg a n d n a m ed

Cl eycr anjapon ica T h u n b .

On t h i s accou n t (A r t . 5 1 , 4 ) w e suggest t h at t h e n a m e C l ef/cms h ou ld n o t date f r o m '

l‘hunberg

’

s desc r i pti o n,i n w h i c h case i t i s


51 'r un JOURNAL or r en e w

F rezimw ,w h ic h h e r ega rded as sy n o n y m ous w i t h E rofmim, t h oug h

h i s d iag n os i s exc l udes F . fizew oidcs Sw . i f D e Ca n dol l e h ad bee nc o n s i ste n t

,h e s h o u ld h ave u sed t h e n a m e E i

rotc zim fo r t h i s ge n us .I t i s a n ic e po i n t w h et h e r w e ca n r ega r d Frezie fra a s dat i n g f r o mD e Ca n dol l e , o r w h et h e r w e m ust w a i t t i l l Choisy

’s Me m oi r fo r a

d iag n os i s of i t as a ge n u s d i s ti n c t f r o m E roz‘c zmi . Sp r ague suggests

t h at L e l fsomia Ru i z and Pavo n ( 1791 ) i s an ea r l i e r na m e fo rF z

'

ezic ra Cho isy . C h o i sy r ega r ded L c itsomia a s a d ist i n c t ge n us ,t h o ug h bota n i s ts ge n e r a l ly take Be n t h a m ’ s v iew t h at t h e two a r eco n ge n e r i c . But L e t isomia Roxb . , a late r n a m e fo r a g r oup ofspec ies of Convo l vzi l ncece , h as bee n used i n t h at s e n se by C la r ke int h e F l ora of B r it ish India, a n d i t i s co n c e i vabl e t h at bota n i sts mayp r efe r to r eta i n i t as a n omen consc r vmulum,

i n w h ic h case L eh‘somia

Ru i z and Pa vo n i s r ul ed ou t. 111 a n y case , i t i s antedated byE z

'

otezimSw a r tz .

3 . Le xcs x o r LIND LE YA .

We r efe r r ed to t h ese n a m es as i l lust r at i n g a r at h e r n ic e po i n t .Bot h Blake a n d Spr ague as su m e t h at L indl e'

z/a s h o u ld be accepted as

t h e ea r l iest publ is h ed n a m e, but t h e c i r cum sta n ces of t h e publ icat io na r e so u n us ua l t h at w e t h oug h t t h e m w o r t h r eco rd i n g m o r e ful ly t h a nhad bee n do n e by e i t h e r of t h e t wo p r e v iou s w r i te r s . We ca n i m agi n ea l o ve r of n o m e n c latu r e d i scuss i o n tak i n g up t h e pos i tion t h at L indl eya Nces was n o t legal ly publ i s h ed in F l ora , 1821 . We ag r eew i t h M r . Sp rague ’ s co n c l ud i n g r e m a r k s : w e d id not p r opos e to uset h e n a m e L ind/eye n o r to m ake new co m b i n at ions .

THE D ISTRIBUTION OF E UPHRASIA IN CORNWALL .

B r F . RIL STON .

E LEVEN spec i es of E up limsie h a ve bee n r eco r ded fo r Co r n wa l l,

v i z . E . s tr icmHost , E . borea l is Tow n s , E . occiden ta l is Wetts t . ,E . czu

'fa, F r ie s , E . bre vipiia Burnat a n d G reml i, E . Vz'

rjzw'

sii Davev,E . n emorosa H . Ma r t , E . ymcil is F r ies , E . confiisa Pugs ley,E . e rner i Wetts t .

,a n d E . Rosflroc immHay n e .

O f t h ese , E . gracil is a n d E . Vir/nrs ii a r e d i sti n c tly h eat h l a n dSpec ie s . T h e fo r m e r , a v e ry d is ti n c t and eas i ly - r ecog n i zed pla n t

,

o cc u r s w i t h co n s ide r abl e f r e que n cy , bu t i s a lw ay s, I bel ie ve , co n fi n edto peaty o r h eat h y g r ou n d . E . V iqursii i s a pla n t of s i m i la r ,t h oug h so m ew h a t w ide r , r a n ge of h ab i tat , but m o r e r est r i c ted te r r it o ria l ra n ge , occ u r r i n g c h ie fly o n m o r e o r l ess l e ve l h eat h y placesn o r t h o f the wate r s h ed . I n respec t of h ab i tat i t d iffe r s f r omE . Ros t

7covimm,w h ic h i s u sual ly a plant o f r oug h h i l l s ides , occ u r r i n g t h u s

o n the gran ite s l opes of Ki t Hi l l , C h eesew r i n g , Ca r ado n , a n d Hol m a nTo r i n E as t Co r n wa l l , as w el l as in s teep u n c ul ti vated s lopes n ea r e rthe coas t . 1 h ave al so see n spec i m e n s col l ec ted by Rev . H . H .

Ha r vey f ro m () a rnn iene l l is,

a n o t h e r gran ite h i l l,n ea r Red r ut h

.

E . R es t /commie g row s al so o n r oads ide and ot h e r ba n ks,but

,t h oug h

o c cas io n a l ly fou n d on l e ve l spots , see m s ne ve r to l uxu r iate t h e r e.

THE D I STR IBUTION OF E U PITRASTA TN CORNWALL 313

Most of t h e Co r n i s h pla n ts are s m al l - fl ow e r ed forms typ ical ly la r getiowered p la n ts a r e sca r c e , a n d a p ropo r t io n of t h ese h a ve v io le t

purpl c co r o l las ; but al l ag r ee in h abi t and in t he de n se c lo t h i n g oflo n g flexuous gl a n du la r h a i r s .

D avey ( Fl . Co rnwal l ) subd i v ides t h e cou n ty i n to e ig h t d i st r i c ts .

U n de r E . gracil is h e g i ves loca l i ti es in each of t h e fo u r West Co r nwa l l d i st r i c ts a n d in t h e t wo w es te r n m ost d i st r i c ts of E as t Co r n wal l ,l ea v i n g t h e pla n t u n r eco r ded fo r t h e Ta m a r Va l le v . E . Rost l hou a im0 11 t h e ot h e r h a n d

,i s local ly p le n t ifu l i n a l l t h e E ast Co r n wa l l d is

t ric ts but scai cer i n West Co r n wa l l , a n d n o t r ec e 1ded at al l f r o m t h eLa n d s E nd a r ea (D i s t r ic t E xcept fo r a s i n gl e local ity in t h eso ut h - eas t of t h e cou n ty a l l t h e r eco r ded stati o n s fo r E . are

i n d is t r i c t 5 , a s t r i p of. la n d t h i r ty - five m i le s in l e n gt h , and n ow h e r em o r e t h a n s i x in w idt h , exte n d i n g alo n g t h e coas t f r o m Padstow toHay l e and bou n ded i n la n d by t h e w ate r s h ed . In t h i s d i st r i c tE . R os t lco

‘

viana i s , I bel ie ve , a ve ry ra r e pla n t .

T h e coastal r a n ge of E . oc cidenta l is i s d iffi c ul t to unde r sta n d .

T h e spec ies i s f r eque n t a l l r o u n d the Co r n i s h coas t f r o m B ud e toLooe , a n d so m eti m es occu r s two m i les o r m o r e i n la n d. A t Po l pe r r oi t g row s f r ee ly w i t h t h y m e a n d s h o r t g ras s 0 11 d ry s lopes abo ve t h ec l i ffs

,a n d m o r e spa r i n gly in g r as s la n d so m e d ista n ce i n l a n d . A t

Ho lyw el l Baynea r New quay t h e h ab i tat i s s h o r t tu r f o n s h el l - sa n dnea r t h e beac h , o n St . B r eoc k D ow n s h eat h y r oads ides, a n d a tPe r ra n po r t h w aste g r ou n d , t h e s i te o f a n old m i n e . So m e of t hePe r ra n po r t h pla n ts a r e u n usual ly ta l l , app r oac h i n g E . brew

’

p il a , bu tM r . Bucknal l ’ s fi n a l dec is io n w as E . occ iden ta l is . The s pec ie s e v ident ly r equ i r es a l ig h t d ry wel l~drained so i l , but t h at does n o t s u lticien t ly e xpla i n i ts coastal d is t r i but io n . T h e var . p rccc oa

' B uck n al lwas des c r i bed pa r tly f ro m pla n ts c o l l ected at Po lzeath and S t . Mi n ve r ,bot h n ea r Padstow . I h a ve see n s i m i la r pla n ts on St. Brco c k Dow n si n t h e sa m e pa r t of t h e cou n ty ; Pol pe r r o e xa m p les are eq ua l ly ea r lyl low eriug and o n ly s l ig h tly la r ge r .T h e d is t r i but io n of E . c omm-

cm (a fa i r ly c o m m o n pla n t 111 al l

t h e d i s t r ic ts) i s cu r io usly suggest i ve of a l ien o r ig i n . l ’ lan t s cas i l is ig n abl e to t h i s spec i es are usual ly co ll ec ted f ro m r oads ides , was t eplace s

,a n d field—bo rde r s ; see F l . Co r n wa l l , p . w h e r e Da ve y w i t h

h i s usua l accu r acy of obse r vati o n says : “ Pas tu r es , r oads ides , wast eplaces

,Suc h pla n ts are u sua l ly of p r oc u m be n t h i l 1i t , a ta l l

e r ec t bus h y fo r m occ u rs in m o is t g rou n d , a n d 1noo 1 laud fo r m s 111111 befou n d w h i c h a r e near Jr c rwzmi . P la n ts r ° °efe 1 1ed to IL. ha 1 e

m uc h the sa m e d i str ibutio n , bu t are scarc rr, and u p to the p res e n tare o n ly k n ow n f r o m the nei0 ° °l1l 1oui hood ofT h e ssa m e s usp ic io n of alie n o r ig i n a t tac h e s to “ l l l l h

i n Ce i nwal l i s cc i tain ly n o t cal c i co lous but mo u s i n n uste g 1ou 11dand g ra vel ly r oads ides in t h e Seato n Val l ev be lo w l l 1 s se nFo | d and

n ea r t h e C h ee sew r i n g . A11 E yel n iph t f i o m hogga g 1e n ud n ea rl ’ei ianpo i th h a s al so bee n r efe r r ed to t h is Spw ies .

E . conf usa vai . ( l ibido ,d isti n c t 111 it s l cat f 11° 1u and 111 the opaque

w h i te of i ts s m al l 0 0 1' 10 l l l S,has been fou n d 111 c lose l t l l l o n t w o o t t he

upland g0 1an ite a i ea s of t h e coun tv ,

‘odmiu Moo r s and l l ehn :111

To i a i ea , a n d 11111 1 ve t b e fou n d o n t h e ( 1 1 .111ite o t the l l edru th a n dLa n d s E nd di st r 1c ts .

56 TH E JOURNAL o r morax r

O f the t h r ee r e m a i n i n g spec ies E . bore/( 71'

s has o n ly t w o a ut h e n t i cr eco rd s to i ts c r ed i t

,v i z . Penha l low Moo r , New ly n E as t (C . C . V igurs ,

a n d Po r t Hol la n d i n d i st r i c t (5 (E . T h u r sto n , 1913 ) E . cur ia ,

r ec o rded f r o m e i g h t loca l i ti es,c h iefly i n \Vest Co r n w al l , appea r s to be ,

a s fa r as t h i s c o u n ty i s co n c e r n ed , an obsc u r e fo r m al l i ed to E . n ema

7'

osa ,but co n fi n ed to h eat h y places ; and E . bre ez

’

pila i s a pla n t o fw e l l -defined c h a rac te r s , b ut of r at h e r w ide r a n ge of h abi tat, be i n gfou n d i n t h i n g rass , h eal t h y places , w aste g r o u n d , o r c l i ff sl opes . T h elast - n a m ed occu r s i n eac h of th e e ig h t d i st r i c ts , but i ts m a i n dist ribut ion ,

judgi n g f ro m i ts r eco r ded s tatio n , i s dist inc t l v n o r t h a n d w est .

DIPLOLOPHIUM AND PHYSOTRICHIA .

B r C . NOR M AN .

IN l ook i n g t h r oug h t he spec ies of D 1)) l 0 101) 71 i111fl and P 71y3 0 f1’ i0 71in

i n t h e B r i ti s h Muscum, i t beca m e ev ide n t to m e t h at so m e co n fus i o n hada r i se n betw ee n the t wo ge n e ra , and t h at spec i es r ea l ly bel o n gi n g to t hefo r m e r h ave bee n ass ig n ed to t h e l atte r . Bot h ge n e r a belo n g to theT r ibe Sesel ineae (U m bel l i fe rae) a n d a r e co n fi n ed to T r op i ca l Af r i ca .

D ijfl o l oph ium w as fou n ded by Turczaninow i n 1847 (Bul l . Soc .

I m p . Nat . Moscou , xx . 173 ) 0 11 a pla n t f r o m Abyss i n ia (C'acln '

ys abys

s in ica Hoc h st . h e cal l ed D ip l o l op ln'

umaf f icanum Turc zan inow a lso c ites Koz

‘s cby, No . 5 72 ,

f r o m fE thiopia .

”

T h e h e r ba r ia of t h e B r i ti s h M useu m a n d Kew h a v e eac h a s h eet ofKot schy

’

s pla n t : t h i s i s now k n ow n as D . abyssiizz’

czun Be n t h .

Hook . f . : i t i s a la r ge stou t pla n t , w it h la r ge ma n y - r a y ed u m bel sw i t h co n spi cuo us b rac ts to i n vo luc r e a n d i n vo lucel , a n d h a i ry f rui tsw i t h out caly x - teet h .

P kysoz‘r ich ia w as fou n ded by Hiern i n 1873 (Jou r n . Bot . x i . 161 )

o n a pla n t col l ected i n A n gola ( l l’elw itsch , w h i c h h e n a m ed

P . We l witscbii. T h is i s a s l ender , g rac eful pla n t , w i t h s m a l l , fewraved , um bel s w i t h r e lat i vely i n co n sp i c uous b rac ts to i n voluc r e and

i n vo l uc el,a n d pap i l lo se f r u its w i t h pe r s i s te n t ca l y x - teet h . I t see m s

to be ra r e t h e o n lar spec i m e n s at Kew o r i n t h e B r i t is h t seum are

t h o se col lec ted by Welw i tsc h .

T h e fol low i n g spec ies h i t h e r to plac ed i n P lzg/soh' idu

'

n h a ve t h ec h a r ac te r s of D ip l o l op lzium, a n d s h oul d be t ra n sfe r r ed to t h at ge n u sP . B uchannn i Be11t h . P . Bak . fil . P . are imr ia

E n gl e r 85 G ilg P . H e l eme Buscal ioni Muschl c r.

D IPLOLOPHIUM Tu r c z .I appe n d a des c r ipti ve key of t h e k n ow n s pec ie sSte m - l eaves te r n ato - pi n n a tely deco m pou n d .

Seg m e n ts of l ea ves til iform,la x seg m e n t

3—41 c m . l o n g 1 . D . abyssim'

cum.

Seg m e n ts of l eaves a c ic ula r , st ifi ; segm e n ts 1 c m . l o n g 2 . D . zambesiaczmz.

Ste m - l eaves bi pi n n ate .

Leafl ets 20—40 m m . b r oad 3 . D . B ucbanmn’

.

Leaflets 8— 12 mm. b r oad 4 . D . S wymzer fom'

i.

DIPLOLOPHIUM AN D PIIYSOTRIC IIIA

1 . D . abyss inz’

czcm Be n t h . Hook . f . G en . Pl . i . 900H ie r u i n F l . T rop . Afr . i i i . 17 .

Scott-E l l iott 6—129 ! Bags h aw 12 72 ! etc . i n He r b . Mus . B r i t .

2 . D . zambesiacumH i e r u i n PI. TrOp. Af r . i i i . 18E yl es 65 1 ! 269 ! Ra n d 473 ! etc . i n He r b . Mus . B r i t .

3 . D . B uchanan i, co m b . n o v . (P ly/sofr z'

ch ia B uclzmmn i Be n t h .

in Hook . 10 . PI. 1358 ;Buc ha n a n 90 ! 953 ! W hyte 141 ! i n He r b . Mus . B r i t .

A la r ge s tout pla n t , w i t h a l l t h e c h a rac te r s of D ipl o l op lu'

um, suc has h ab i t, t h e la r ge m a n y - r ayed u m bel s , the la r ge a n d n u m e r o us b ractsof i n vol uc r e a n d i n vo l uc el , and t he to m e n tose f r u it . I t fo r m s

,how

e ve r, a v e ry w el l -ma r k ed spec ies , d i st i n g u is h ed a t a gla n c e f r o m t h e

p r ec ed i n g o n es by i ts bip i n n ate fo l iage .

41. D . Swynner tom’

i, co m b . n o v . (P lay/sofr z

’

cfzia Swynner fom'

i

Bak . fil . i n Jou r n . Li n n . Soc . Bot . XI. 76

As M r . Bake r po i n ts out i n h i s desc r ipti o n , t h i s and D . B uchanan i

a r e ve ry closely al l i ed , D . S log/ int er fait h ,a les s r obu st pla n t

,bei n g

sepa rated by i ts n a r r ow e r a n d m o r e po i n ted l eafl ets .Swy n n e r to n 649 E y l es 743 ! i n H e r b . Mus . B r i t .

D oubtful Species .

I a m u n abl e to fi n d a n y r ea l d i st i n c tio n betw ee n P 71yso ir ieb’

a

arenaw'

a (E n gl e r G ilg i n Kunene Sa m bes i E xped it i o n , p . 11 .

No . and D . znmbes ia cumHiern , but i t appea r s to be an a ltoget h e r s m al l e r pla n t t h a n t h e fo r m e r , so i t i s pe r h aps best t o l eavet h e questio n ope n u n t i l m o r e m ate r ia l i s ava i lab l e . But w h ate ve r i t spos i t io n spec ifical ly , t h e r e i s 110 doubt t h at generical l v i t be lo n gs t oD apl o l opk z

'

zmn .

P hysotr ichia H e l ena? Buscal ion i M usch ler i n E n gl e r'

s Jah rb .

xl i x . (No . 1 150 a ) I h a ve n ot see n ; i t i s sepa rated by i tsa ut h o r s f r o m the las t - n a m ed so lely 0 11 t h e m eas u r e m e n ts of t h e b rac tsa n d b rac teol es . T h ese m ea s u r e m e n ts va ry (e . g. , D . zambes ia cum)i n ac co rda n ce w i t h t h e age of t h e i n flo r esc e n c e , so t h at t h i s di sti n ot io n see m s ve ry u n satisfac to ry , a n d I t h e r efo r e co n c lude th at m os tp robably t h e two pla n ts a r e i n sepa rable .T h e fou r spec ies deal t w i th a bove h a ve the h a i r y f r u i t n o r m a l to

D ip l o l op h izun ,as Oppo sed to t h e papi l lose f r u i t. of A s

r ega r ds t h i s latte r po i n t, h ow e ve r , i t i s to be n oted t h at“f old in E n gle r ,Jahrb . x l v i i i . 272 , h as (1912 ) desc r ibed as P lcyso frz

'

e/u'

a l i'

a ssnen

'

(Kass n e r , 21 16 ) a pla n t w i t h h air y ova ry o va r iu m v il lo suin

t h e m atu r e f r u i t of w h i c h h e h ad n ot s ee n . T h e r e i s a spee in1e 11 o t'

t l1is

i n He r b . h’Ius . B r i t . w i t h o ut flowe r s o r f r u i t,but w i t h t h e ge n e ra l

appea ra n c e of I’ Izyso l r ie lu'

u,i n fac t m uc h l i ke P .

H i e r u .

\Volff ( l . s ugges ts t h at i t may p ro ve n ecessa r y to es tabl is h a

secti o n o r s ub - ge n u s in P layso/r ie /u’

a fo r pla n ts w it h hairv f rui ts ;t h i s s uggest io n does n ot see m to m e sou n d .

T h e u l ti m ate fac to r i n dec id i n g t he ge n us o f an l'

n1l 1e l l il'

e rous

5 8 T H E JOURNAL o r nor anr

pla n t i s t h e f rui t , and i f h a i ry- f rui ted pla n ts a r e admi tted i n toj’ lzyso l r ic lzia t h e r eal d is t i n ct io n betw ee n t h at ge n u s and D ip l oZop /u

'

cun b r eaks dow n . On t h e o t h e r h a n d,by r est r ic t i n g P kg/so

i r ic/u'

a to papi l lose - f r ui ted pla n ts , t h e d i s t i n c t io n betw ee n t h e t wo i s ,a s U m bel l ife r ous ge n e ra go

,w e l l m a r ked .

R E V IE WS .

A S ummer in G reen l and. By A . C . SEWAR ’D, flfasz‘er of D omn iny

Co l l ege and P rof essor of B otany in the Un iversity of Cambr idge . Ca m b r idge at t h e U n i ve r s i ty P r ess , 1922 . Cr. 8 vc ,c loth, pp . x i

,100 ; 29 plates , 2 m aps . P r i c e 73 . n .

IN t h i s att r ac t i ve l i ttle vol u m e , P r of . Sewa r d g i ves a n i n te r est i n gaccou n t of a n e xped it io n unde r take n in 1921 w i t h t h e obj ec t ofobtai n i n g as r ep r es e n ta t i ve a se t of foss i l s as poss ibl e fo r t h e B r iti shMuseum a n d fo r Camb r idge ,

” i n sp i r ed t h e r e to by a n e xa m i n at io n o ft h e c ol lec ti o n s in t h e M useu m s of Cope n h age n a n d S toc k h ol m . H iso bj ec t was atta i n ed by t h e ac qu i r e m e n t of n ea r ly a t h ousa n d spec im e n s of foss i l p la n ts , m os t of w h i c h w i l l be se n t to t h e B r i t i s hMuseum w h e n t h e i r desc r iptio n h as h ee n co m ple ted ; in add i tio n tot h e se , co l lect io n s of t h e r ec e n t flo r a , i n c l ud i n g flowe r i n g pla n ts a n dc ryptoga m s

,w e r e m ade , w h i c h w i l l b e d i st r ibuted to Kew a n d ot h e r

m useu m s . A n a ccou n t of t h e foss i l a n d r ec e n t p la n t s n atu r a l lyo cc up ies a c o n s ide r abl e po r tio n of t h e book , b ut i ts i n te r es t i s n o tc o n fin ed to t h ese ; t h e r e i s a sum m a ry of t h e ea r ly c ol o n i sat io n ofG r ee n l a n d , fo l low ed bya sketc h of t h e p h ys i ca l a n d geol og ica l h i sto rya n d a desc r ipt io n of t h e fos s i l -bea r i n g r oc ks a n d of glac i e r s a n d i c ebe r gs , w i t h a n accou n t of t h e E s ki m oes a n d t h e i r i n dust r i es , a n d ofthe sys te m of go ve r n m e n t by the D a n es .

Abo ut two h u n d r ed spec i m e n s of flow e r i n g pla n ts w e r e col l ec tedn o l i s t i s g i ve n

,but t h e r e i s a g r eat dea l of i n fo r m at io n r ega rd i n g

m a n y of t h e spec ie s , co n veyed i n t h e i n te r es t i n g m a n n e r w h i c h charac terises t h e book t h r oug h out . “ T h e abu n da n c e of flow e r s m a kesan u n expec ted i m p r ess io n upo n a v i s ito r i m bued w it h t h e i dea o f aco u n t ry p rac t ica l ly b u r ied u n de r a m ass of i c e of u n k n ow n dept h ando f a lo n g w i n te r w h e n t h e sea i s f r oze n a n d e ve n t h e coas ta l r egio n sa r e co ve r ed w i t h s n ow . O ne effec t of a r c t i c co n d it io n s i s to l i m i t t hep roduc tio n of fo l iage s h oots a n d ofte n to i n duce a n ab n o r m al de velopm e n t o f s ubte r ra n ea n ste m s a n d r oots a n d a p r o l ific c r op of flow e r s ”

;

P r o f . Sewa r d says t h at t h e r oot of o n e \Vil low dug up w as t raced fo ra t l eas t tw e l ve ya rds g r ow i n g h o r i zo n ta l ly n ot m a n y i n c h es u n de r

g r ou n d . T h e co lou r etf ec t of la r ge patc h es of D a n de l io n s , Wil low h e r b ,

Yel low Poppies , D iapensia , P lzyl l odoce , D az/as , w i th spec i es ofRammcwl as a n d P oten t il la ,

i s ve ry st r ik i n g ; a lt h oug h “ n o t eq ua l i nb r i l l ia n c e to Al pi n e m eadow s at the i r best ,

” i n t h e m o r e favou r eds i tuati o n s t h e r e i s a pa rad ise of flow e r s c h a r ac te r i s ed by a h a r m o n yo f col ou r i n k eepi n g w i t h the so m b r e g ra n deu r o f t h e sett i n g .

“ T h e geog rap h ica l d is t r i butio n o f m a n y of the G r ee n la n d flow e r i n g

A SU M M ER IN ons nxmxo 59

pla n ts p r ese n ts i n te r e st i n g p r oble m s i n r el at io n n o t o n ly to t h ee i

'

tic iency of pla n ts as t r a ve l le r s , bu t to t h e pos it io n of t h e place sf r om w h i ch t h ey o r igi n a l l y sp r ead in t h i s co n n e x io n C

'ass z

'

op e

te tragona a n d P lzyl l odoce coerul ea a r e co n s ide r ed i n deta i l .A wo r d m us t be sa id in p ra i s e of t h e i l l ust ratio n s f r o m p h oto

g r ap h s, w h ich as a w h o le a r e e xcel le n t ; t h os e g r o ups of pla n ts ,

h owe ve r , a r e on too smal l a sca l e , and t h e o n e s u pposed to r ep r ese n tPyrola grand tfl ora m ig h t w e l l h a ve bee n o m i tted .

Researches on F un-75, V ol . II. By A . H . REG INALD B C LLE R ,

etc . ; P r ofesso r of Bota n y i n t h e Universit v of ,Ma n itoba . Longmans , Lo n do n , 1922 . Pp. 466 ,

w i t h 15 7

figu r es i n t h e text . P r i c e 2533 . n et .

T in s w o r k of abso rb i n g i n te r es t i s i n d i spe n sabl e to t h e stude n tof ou r la r ge r fu n gi . I t e m bod ie s t h e r e s u lts obta i n ed by y ea r s ofpa i n s tak i n g a n d labo r iou s i n vestigat io n . P r ofesso r B ul le r co n fi r m sFayod

’

s di scove ry of t h e e xc r et io n of a drop of wate r at t h e h i l ume n d of a spore immed iate ly befo r e i ts d i sc h a r ge , a n d fi n ds t h at t h ed r op i s a l ways p r ese n t t h e r e fo r a few seco n d s in al l t h e Hymenomycet ze e xa m i n ed by h i m ,

a n d co n s ide r s i t i s es se n tia l fo r t h e v io l e n tp r oj ec tio n of t h e spo r e f r o m t h e ste r ig m a . T h e h y m e n i u m of t h e.Hymenomycetee co n s i sts of bas id ia , pa r ap h y ses , a n d cystid i a .

r

1’

he

bas id ia a r e p r ese n t f r om t h e ve ry fi r st i n g r eat n u m be r s a n d co m e tom atu r i ty i n a se r i es of succ ess i v e ge n e r at io n s , but eac h i n d i v idua lbas id ium o n ly p roduc es o n e ge n e rat io n of spo r e s , and afte r t h e p r o

jec t ion of t h e spo r es t h e s te r i g m ata s h o r t ly afte r wa r ds col lapse o nt h e ex h austed bas idium . T h e pa r ap h yse s a r e d i sti n c t el e m e n ts of t heh y m e n iu m f ro m t h e ve ry fi r s t , a n d t h e i r f u n c ti o n i s to s uppo r t andn o u r i s h t h e ot h e r m e m be r s . T h e cyst id ia , l i ke pa r ap h ys es , a r e ste r i l ee le m e n ts

,and d i ffe r f r o m t h ese i n t h e i r l a r ge r s ize , pec u l ia r fo r m ,

a n d s m al l e r n um be r , and a r e p r ese n t i n so m e spec i es a n d n ot i n ot h e r s .Al l t h ese e l e m e n ts of the h y m e n i u m a r e m ost beauti ful ly a n d acc uratelydep i c ted i n a se r i es of ca m e r a luc ida d r aw i n gs , p h otog rap h s ,a n d d iagra m s at t h e va r i ou s a n d s ucc ess i ve s tages of t h e i r de ve lopm e n t .We co n s ide r P r ofesso r B ul l e r w r o n gly u n ites D ncromyces de l i

gnescens D uby a n d D . s fz'

l l a tus Nees a s r ep rese n ti n g t h e two co ndit ions of o n e and t h e sa m e spec ies , because t h e latte r d iffe r s f r o m t h efo r m e r i n i ts la rge r bas id iospo r es and bas id ia , and the o idial fo r mi s w e l l k n ow n to al l sys te m a t i sts . T h e m o n st r ou s f r u i t -bodi es ofP o ly/p or e s r zqf

'

escens F r . (now m o r e general lv k n ow n as D t é’l l l l l t 'u

biennis (B ul l . ) Qué l . ) arise f r o m fai l u r e to r espo n d to geot r opicsti m ul i , but a l l ot h e r aut h o r s co n s ide r t h e m to be t h e w e l l - k n ow nP z

‘ycbogas fer o r c o n id ial fo r m of t h i s spec i es .T h e sys te m atis t w i l l be g r eatl y i n te r es ted i n t h e desc r i pt i o n and

i l lus t r at io n s of the c u r iou s and ab n o r m a l fo r m s of Jfitrasuu'

us ormdrst h a t a r i s e w h e n t h i s p la n t i s c u l t i vated fo r fo u r yea r s f r o m Spaw n on

a so i l - c o ve r ed bed of m a n u re . l l e w i l l al so r ead , pe r h aps w i t h so m e

60 T HE or BOTANY

s u r p r i se , t h e sta te m e n t t h a t Cop r inus mdiafz/s (Bol t ) F r . is o n l y ap ig m y of h is 0 . l a

'gop us , a n d t h at t h e a ut h o r h as p r o ved t h e sa m e byg r ow t h i n pu r e c u l tu r e b ut , as w e a l l k n ow Schoet er so m e yea r s agoco n s ide r ed i t was o n l y t h e dw a r f fo rm of O. sz

‘er comr ins (B ul l . ) F r .

T h e r eade r i s i n some do ubt as to w h a t P r o f . Bul le r m ea n s byC . l agop us , as h e g i ves n o aut h o r i ty fo r t h i s n a m e , and at s e ve ra lplac es i n t h i s w o r k h e b rackets i t as fo r n o m e nc lature of Cop rz

'

nus h e p rofes ses ( foot - n ote to p . 81 ) to fo l lowt h at s et out i n La n ge

’

s r e v is io n o f t h e ge n us in h i s S tudies in [Ice

Agar ics of D enmark , b ut we fi n d t h i s aut h o r t r eats C'. l agopusF r . a n d C . fi1nefnr iu.9 L i n n . as d i st i n c t spec i es . Pau l l ’ s d i sco ve ryt h at t h e autu m n - fo r m ed tubes of Fomes f omen far ins o n ly d i sc h a r get h e ir spo r e s i n t h e fo l low i n g May a n d a lso t h at t h e o lde r laye r sof tubes a r e s ti l l fe r t i le fo r se ve r a l y ea r s ag r ee w i t h t h e expe r i e n c e ofB r i ti s h m yco logi s ts , w ho a lways fi n d t h at t h e best spo r e m aps oft h e h a r d w oody Po lypo r e s a r e obta i n ed i n t h e ea r ly sp r i n g . T h es tate m e n ts t h at D i sco m ycetes h a ve s m oot h spo r es ( s ee p . t h ebas id i a of t h e C lavariae h a ve fo u r ste r ig m ata ( see p . a n d P o ly

p orus gigan teus P . umbe l l a fus , a n d P . fi'

ondosns a r e te r r est r ia l

( see p . 120 ) a r e i n co r r ec t ; m a n y of t h e D i sco m yc etes h a ve a s r oug h ,i f n o t r oug h e r , spo r es t h a n t h e Basidiomycetm,

m a n y of t h e Clavarizeh a ve o n ly t w o ste r ig m ata to t h e bas id ia , a n d Sc h r oete r p r o posed h i sge n u s Cln vzzl ina , i n c l ud i n g s uc h spec i es as Clavar ia cm

’

stata a n dC'. c inerea L . fo r t h e i r r ec ept io n

,a n d t h ese Po lypo r es a r e ofte n l ig n i

colous o r g r ow in c lose as soc iat io n w i t h c e r ta i n t r ees .Apa r t f r o m t h es e s m a l l bl e m i s h es , t h e book i s a ve ry valuabl e

addi t io n to ou r k n ow l edge of t h e la r ge r fu n g i , a n d a l l m yco logi stsw i l l i m pat ie n tly awa i t the publ i cat io n of t h e p r o m ised fu r t h e rvo l u m es .

CARLETON Rm .

Lawson’

s Tex t -book of B otany ( I n d ia n E d it io n ) . Re v i s ed a n dadapted by BIRBxL SAHN I , M .A .

, M . Sc .

,and M . “r

ILLIS , w ith

a P reface by J . C . W ILL I S , M .A .

,Sc .D . T h i r d E d i t io n . 8 v0 ,

pp . x i i , 640 . 332 figs . in text . Lo n do n : U n i ve r s ity Tuto r ia lP r ess , Ltd . 1922 . P r i c e 93 . 6d .

THE fi r s t (1913 ) a n d s eco n d ed iti o n s ( 1919) of t h i s w o r k w e r er e v i ew ed at so m e le n gt h i n t h i s Jou r n a l ( 1911 , p . 343 , a n d 19 19 ,

p. 324 ) b y t h e l ate P r of . Boul ge r , w ho c r i ti c i zed t h e book f r o m t w o

po i n ts of v i ew— i ts val u e as a text - book of bota n y ge n eral ly and a so n e spec ial ly adapted fo r I n d ia n s tude n ts . “r

e ag r ee w i t h t h e pos it io n take n u p by h i m o n bot h t h ese po i n t-s . T h e aim of t h e book i sob v io usly to e n ab l e stude n ts to pass exa m i n ati o n s , a n d t h at i t hass u r v i ved so m a n y yea r s i s a co m m e n t o n the pe r s i ste n c e of amet h od ofteac h i n g w h i c h ca n exc i te l i ttl e i n te r est i n t h e sc i e n c e o n t h e pa r to f t h e stude n t . The l ook of the pages suggests a d ie t of m a r bl es o rso m e t h i n g a l m os t a s i n d igest i bl e , a n d , as P r of . Bo ul ge r po i n tedou t

,fo r t h e I n d ia n stude n t

,w ho i s gi ve n to l ea r n i n g by r ote , t h e

ma r s h al l i n g of m a n y fac ts i n s h o r t pa rag rap h s w i t h l eaded h ead - l i n esi s pa r t i c ulae u n su i tabl e . The Oppo r tu n i ty i s st i l l ope n fo r M r . Sa h n i


62 T ina JOURNAL OF Boram'

d i sc,t h e e xpa n d i n g t i ps of t h e r h i zo ids t h e m se l ves i n te r l ock i n g

m ec h a n i cal ly . ( i i i ) Stu n ted p r oc u m be n t b ra n c h es de ve lop at t h ebase of t h e pla n t, w h ic h fu n c t io n spec ial ly i n t h e fo r m at io n of a ttac hm e n t r h i zo ids . ( i v ) Co r t ica te spec i es h a v i n g a n up r ig h t h ab i t d eve lopa la rge d i sc - l ike expa n s io n by t h e lo n g itud i n a l p r o l i fe r a ti on o f basa ls i p h o n s and co r t icat i n g ce l ls . T h e ge n us i s d iv ided i n to t h i r tee neco r t i cate and e le ve n co r t ica te spec i es , a n d P . spira l is i s desc r i bedfo r the fir s t ti m e .

At t h e m eet i n g of t h e L i n n ea n Soc i ety o n Ja n . 18 , Capta i n G .

H . Wil k i n s gave an accou n t of t h e S h ack le to n -Itowet t E xped i t io n i nt h e ‘

Quest’ to the A n ta r c t i c Regio n s . On St. Paul ’ s Rocks n o

pla n ts save a few algae w e r e fo u n d , but at St . G eo rg ia, a n i s la n d about100 m i les long a n d 20 m i le s b r oad , a co n s idera ble co l l ec t io n wasm ade

,t h o ug h t h e flo r a i s fa i r ly w e l l k n own ; a n d r e i n dee r t h r i ve .

L ic h e n s a n d mosses o n ly w e r e obse r ved o n E l ep h a n t I s la n d ; T r i s ta nda Cu n h a w as v i s i ted a n d 16 spec ies gat h e r ed ; Goug h I sla n d i sk n ow n f r o m t h e

‘Scot ia ’ r e po r ts ; t h e m ost co n sp icuou s m e m be r o fthe flo r a i s P lzg l ica arborea, g r ow i n g to 20 feet ; a va r i ety ofS ophora te trap tera i s now desc r i bed . Tussock - g rass , fe r n s , a n d E m

pe /rmn g row l ux u r ia n tly , a n d a new spec i es of Ap ium a l l i ed toA . austra l e T h oua r s , but h a v i n g b r oad cu n e ifo r m seg m e n ts to t h el eaves

, is desc r i bed . T h e spec i m e n s h a ve bee n p r es e n ted to t h eB r i t i sh Museu m by M r . J . Q. Row ett. M r . E . G . Bake r fo l low ed

wi t h a resume of t he flo r a of G ough I s la n d , 20 flow e r i n g p la n ts a n d10 fe rns be i n g now k n ow n f r o m i t . A m o n gst t h ese m ay be n a m edt h e e n de m ic Uotula gougkens is , Hydrocotgl e l encocep l mla , G nap hn

Ziumpgmmidale , R uined; fi'

utescens , a n d E 'mpetf

rum n igrum va r .r ubruin . T h e o n ly s m al l t r ees o n t h e i s land a r e t h e P /zgl ica a n dS ophora p r e v ious ly m e n t io n ed .

PROFE S SOR O. S . SARGENT h a s c o m ple ted h i s fi fty yea r s D i r ec to rs h ip of the A r n o l d A r bo r e tu m , a n d h as r ep r i n ted f r o m i ts Jou r n a l a naccou n t of h i s s tewa r ds h ip . T h e A r bo r etu m was establ i s h ed by fu n dsbequeat h ed by Ja m es A r n old , a m e r c h a n t of N ew Bedfo rd , Mass ,

w ho d ied i n D ece m be r 1869 , w ho “ ga ve o n e a n d o n e - qua r te r of thetw e n ty - fou r pa r ts i n to w h ic h h e d i v ided h i s r es idua ry estate tot r u stees

,by w h o m i t was to be appl i ed fo r t h e p r o m otio n of ag r i

c u l tu ra l or h o r ti cul tu ra l i m p r oveme n ts o r o t h e r p h i lo sop h i ca l o rp h i la n t h rop ic pu r poses .” Two of t h e t h r ee t rus tees w e r e i n te r es tedi n t r ees ; i t was n atu r al t h at t h e idea of a sc i e n tific s tat i o n fo rt h e study a n d c u l ti vati o n of t r ees s h o u ld h a ve oc cu r r ed to t h e m ,

a n dt h ey fo r tu n a tely r ea l i zed t h at suc h a n i n st i tutio n could be pe r m aue n tly a n d safely co n t r o l led by Ha r va r d Co l lege . An estate wasacqu i r ed a n d M r . Sa rge n t was appo i n ted D i r ec to r : “ h e fou n d h i msel f w i t h a w o r n - ou t fa r m , pa r tly cove r ed w i t h n a tu r a l pla n tat io n s ofn at i ve t r ees r u i n ed by excess i ve pastu r age , to be de veloped i n to asc ie n t i fi c ga rde n w i t h l ess t h a n t h r ee t h ousa n d dol la r s a yea r a vai lab lefo r the pu r pose . O f t h e va r ious s tages of t h at develop m e n t a n d oft h e pos i tio n w h i c h the A r bo r e tu m has now atta i n ed

,t h e pa m p h l et

u n de r n o ti c e g i ves a fu l l ac cou n t. We m ay be pe r m i tted to co ng ratulate l ’

rof . Sa r ge n t o n h i s g r eat ac h i e ve m e n t, a n d o n the fac tt h at he has l i ved to c e l eb rate a n d to c h r o n i c l e its j ub i l e e .

Boon -Nor ris , ne w s , ETC . (53

The Ferns of B ombay h a ve h i t h e r to fa i l ed to r ece i ve ad equateatte n tio n f r o m bota n i sts a n d a m ateu r s : t h i s i s p r obabl y to beexplai n ed , as t h e Rev . E . B latte r and J . F . d

’

Ahne ida te l l u s i nt h e i r book about t h e m (Taraporevala Co . , Bo m bay , p r ic e 7 byt h e abse n c e of fe r n s n ea r t h e c e n t r es of h u m a n co m m e r ce and by t h ei n access ibi l i ty of t h e fe r n - fo r e sts du r i n g the ra i n y sea so n . In t h en o r t h e r n pa r ts of t h e P r e s ide n cy s e m i -des ert co n d i ti o n s p r eva i l

,w h i l e

in the sou t h e rn pa r ts , espec ia l ly sout h of Mahableshwar, the ra i n fa l l

i s h eavy a n d t h e fe r n vegetat io n l u xu r ia n t . O n ly a few scatte r edl i sts of the B o m bay fe r n s h a ve bee n publ i s h ed p re v i ously , t h e be stbe i n g t h at of T . R . M . Macp h e r so n co n ta i n i n g ”

5 spec ie s,w h ic h

appea r ed in Jou r n . Bo m bay Nat . H i s t . Soc . v . p . 375 The

p r ese n t au t h o r s,fol low i n g t h e c la ss ific at io n e m ployed by B eddo m e i n

h i s Handbook of the F erns of B ritish India , h a ve fu r n i s h ed a tota lof 143 spec ie s , t h r ee - fo u r t h s of w h i c h a r e n at i ve to t h e P r es ide n cy .

T h e r e st a r e fo u n d i n c u l t i vat io n , bei n g i n t r od uced f ro m Mad ra s o ro t h e r pa1 ts of I n d ia, 0 1 f r o m so fa1 away a s E 1ji, New Zeala n d

,Sout h

Amei ica ; t h e i r i n c lus io n in t h e book w i l l be of g r eat a ss i sta n c e tot h e s tudent . T h e text i s s i m pl e a n d eas i ly undei stood , and t h edete1minat ion of spec i m e n s is fac i l i tated by t h e n um bei of keys .T h e numei ous figu r es , t h oug h ofte n 1 ougl 1ly 1ep1oduced , a1 e , l i k e t he

pho tog1aph s , of g r eat helpo

i n s h ow i n g at a gla n c e t h ose po i n ts o ffe1n - 1norphologyw h ic h WO1ds alo n e ca n n o t adequately desc i ibe .

PART S 1 a n d 2 (p1 inted as o n e ) of vo l . v i i i . of the T 1 e n sue/ions

Mycol ogicnl Socieh/ co n ta i n a n accou n t of t h e VVo 1cest er l o ray h e ldlast Septembei , w i t h a l i s t by Mi ss Wake fi e ld of t h e Fu n gi co l l ec ted ,of the Myectozoa by Mis s Li s te1 , and of t h e Lic h e n s by

a

M 1 . H . H .

K n ig h t,a n d t h e P r es ide n tia l Addxess of M 1 . Ca1 l eto n Rea

,w ho

passed 111 1 eview t h e w o1k of t h e Soc i ety si n c e i ts fou n datio n 111 18 90 .

'

1 h e 1 e a1 e numei ous pape r s , begi n n i n g w i t h o n e o n “ T h e Pa1asitis 1nof N ee/r id cinnnbar inn (Co ra l Spot) , w i t h spec ia l r efe r e n c e to i tsac tio n o n Red Cu r r a n t ( w i t h o n e plate ) , by M r . J . L i n e M r . Rai n sbotto m r ep r i n ts f r o m Mess r s . Charlesworth ’

s Catalogue fo r 1922 h i simpo 1 ta11t es say on

“ O1 chid Mycorrhi'

xa (7 plates ) , a n d D r . M . C .

Ray 11e1 W1 ites o n “ Mycou hiza i n t h e E 1 icaccze “ A11 E oce n eM ic 1ot l 10 1 iaceous E 11110 1is f1 o m Mul l , Sco t lam ( 1 pla te) , is desc rihedby M r . W . N . E dwa rds ; M r . G . H . Cu n n i n g h a m w r i tes 0 11

“ A s i ngu la r 0 0 1 dyeep s f1 o m New Zeala n d ( 0 . 11 z1 hzi, plj’ )1te“ T h e S t ruct in e a n d A llin it ies of L eucon os iocd i scuss ed by M 1 . W. B . C1 ow ; D 1 . WV . T . E l l io tt w r i te s on The

Mycophagou s 1’1ope11sit ies of S l ugs a n d M es s r s . G . R . Bishv and

A . H . I» . B ul le r co n t r i b ute a 1’1 e l i1n i11a1yL i st of Ma n itoba t u n g i .

T 'h c1 0 i s p1esun 1ably so m e 1 caso n fo 1 t h e adoptio n o f l : °

11ge l la t k

cap i tal s fo r the h ead i n gs of al l t h e pape r s ; but t h e etfee t i sagg ress i ve a n d ugly .

IN t h e A n n ua l Repo r t of the D epa r t m e n t of Ag r i c ul tu re P r eto r iafo i t h e year endimr w i t h J u n e , 1922 , Miss E t h e l Dodge , Ac t i n g h ie to f the Di v i s io n of b ota n y a n d P la n t l ’

atho log1 ,«m c .1 sunu11a 1) of the

w o r k 111 pla n t pat h o logy and Miss S tcn t spe n t tw o 111o n l hsat t h e B ow Hc iba1 ium on a spec irl study of Sout h \ t i ican gr as

0 1 THE JOURNAL o r BOTANY

tak i n g w i t h h e r fo r dete r m i n at io n so m e 500 spec i m e n s f r o m t h eNati o n a l He r ba r i u m a n d 300 to 400 f r o m R h odes ia ; i t w as fou n dt h a t c e r ta i n ge n era badly n eed r e v i s io n , a n d copio us n otes w e r e m adefo r futu r e w o r k . T h e w o r k of t h e Bota n i cal Su r vey i s sum m a r i sed ;D r . Schonland r epo r ted 0 11 t h e i n va s io n of IIo l ic lzrysnm org/y

’

a

pbyil um,o n t h e Amato la Mou n ta i n s , a n d s uggested t h at t h e Su r vey

s h ou ld take s teps to i n vest igate m ea n s of r es to r i n g t h e ve ld to t h eo r igi n a l c o n d i t io n o f a g rass veld .

TH E Kew B e l l e/in i ss ued i n D e c e m be r ( n o . 9 ) co n ta i n s pape r so n Oospo r e s i n C ultu r e s of P bytop b/bora Pube r i,

” by S .F . A s h by ;“ The F r ui t i n g of G in/ego bil oba at Kew ,

”w i t h plate by “I. Dal l i

m o r e ; “ B utt r esse s a s an A ss i s ta n c e to Ide n tificat i o n,

” by T . F .

C h i pp ; T h e Occ u r r e n c e of F usar ium in Uga n da ,

" by W . S ma l l ;A Co n t r ibutio n to t h e Flo r a of t h e Nea r E ast ,

” by W . B . Tur r i l l-Lstmya l ns D ar/l amii, sp. a n d D u n n

'

s Watt le (A cacia

D ann ii) Tu r r i l l , sp. 11 .

THE K ew B ul l e t in ( n o . also i s sued i n D ece m be r , co n ta i n s a nu n s i g n ed a r t ic l e 0 11 t h e E fwatakala G ra ss of )Ves t Af r i ca (M e l in is

mimet ifl ora Beauv . ) w i t h i l l u st rat io n s , i n t h e co u r se of w h i c hD r. Stapf desc r i bes tw o new spec i es , M ef asa a n d il l , ten ainer vis ;an ac cou n t of t h e G o ve r n m e n t Ga rde n s , Sokoto , N i ge r ia ; N ew a n dNotewo r t h y Sout h Af r i ca n P la n ts ”

(c h i efl y Acac ias w i t h s i x new

spec ies) ; and a l i st of t h e late G eo r ge Massee’

s publ icat io n s . M'

l toper r epo r ts t h at t h e expernn en t at C leveden ,So m e r s et

,of pla n t i n g

Sp ar t ina Townsendii as a m ud- b i n de r h as p r o ved u n successful .

THE Supplemen t B o tan ique to t h e Revue Zoo l ogigne Af r icaine( x . fasc . 3 ; D ec . 15 ) i s de voted to Notes o n a Co l l ec tio n of Hepat ieze f r o m B el gia n Co n go ex h e r b . R . Naveau, A n tw e r p ,

” by M r . W.

H . Pea r so n , in w h i c h m a n y new spec i e s a r e figu r ed a n d desc r i bed.

We n ote t h at t h e vo l u m e w h i c h t h i s n um be r co m pletes co n ta i n s ot h e rbo ta n ica l pape r s

,w h i c h

,i n v i ew of t h e titl e of t h e Re vue

,a r e l i ke ly

to be o ve r looked .

THE G o ve r n m e n t of t h e G o ld Coas t h as i ss ued 8. F ores t Ofi cers’

H andbook fo r t h at r egio n p r epa r ed by D r . T . F . C h i pp, w ho , befo r e

h i s appo i n t m e n t to Kew Ga r de n s as A ss i sta n t D i r ec to r , was D eputyCo n se r vato r of Fo r ests . I n add it io n to an ac cou n t of t h e fo r ests andof t h e c l i m ate i n i ts r ela t io n to d is t r i but io n , t h e Ha n dbook co n ta i n sn ote s 0 11 pla n ts a n d t r ees of ec o n o m i c i m po r ta n c e and an i n dex oft h e i r bota n ica l a n d n at i ve n a m es , w i t h tw e n t y plate s of t h e m o r ei m porta n t s pec ie s . T h e Ha n dbook i s publ i s h ed by t h e C r ow n Age n tsfo r t h e Col o n i es , 4 Mil lba n k , SJV . 1 .

THE seco n d n u m be r of t h e J apanese Journa l of B otany(Natio n a lResea r c h Cou n c il of Japa n , Tokyo ) co n ta i n s a pape r byM.

Nis h im u r a o n “ T h e Co m pa r at i ve Mo r p h ology and D e velop m e n t of P oa

p ra tensis , P /i l eump raz‘ense , and S c

i /ar ia ita l ica,

”w i t h fou r plates

,

and a l i s t b y Y . Kudo, of the Lab iates o f Hokka ido ; abst racts ofpape r s r e la t i n g to Bota n y w h ic h h a ve appea r ed i n Japa n f r o m. l ul v 192 1 to Ma r c h 1922 are added .

ORCHI S PRZE TE RMISSA DRL'

C E .

BY T . AND T . A . STEPHEN SON .

(PLATEOrc li is p raetermissa w as desc r ibed by i ts aut h o r i n Rep. Bo t .

E xc h a n ge C lub fo r 19 13 , 34 , and i ts status a n d geograp h i ca l ra n geh a ve bee n t h e s ubj ec t of n otes i n eac h subseque n t R epo r t . In t h isJ o u r n a l i t h as bee n d is c uss ed by C0 1. G odfery ( 19 19 , and w as

by us b r iefly desc r ibed and figu r ed ( 1920 , 25 7 , t t . 5 5 0 , M o r er ec e n tly D ru D r uc e has desc r i bed a n d n a m ed (Rep. B . E . C . 1919

,

5 77 ) a va r . p ul cke l la , w h i c h i s a d isti n c t a n d beaut i fu l pla n t .0 . pa

'

ce termissa i tse lf i s n o t new . I t has bee n w el l k n ow n tobota n i sts a l l a lo n g

,but h as bee n r efe r r ed to 0 . l a t if o l ia L . o r ( l es s

f r eque n tly) to 0 . in carn aia L . T h e c la i m of the pla n t to a d i st i n c ts tatus h as bee n co n tested , espec ia l ly by t h e late M r . Rol fe , w ho h e ld

(Or chid Rev iew , 1920 , 165 ) t h at 0 . l a t if o l ia i s p r ope r ly a spec i e sw i t h u n spotted lea ves , see i n g t h at Beichenbach had a l r eady separated

(as 0 . maja l is ) t h e spotted fo r m s f r o m t h e Zat if'

o l ia agg r egate . ) Veca n n ot, h ow eve r , ag r ee w i t h t h i s co n te n tio n ; fo r , i n a l l c o n t i n e n ta l

A . B .

Orchis p rw temn issa , en larged flowers .

Horas w e h ave see n , 0 . l a fifo l ia i s s t i l l d esc r i bed a s a pla n t w it hl ea ves usua l ly spotted , a n d 110 la r ge g roup of u n spott ed fo r m s i ssepa rated

,as fa r as our m e m o ry se r ves . I n A sc h e r so n and G raebner

’

s

Sy n. M itteleur. Flo ra ,

fo r exa m pl e , t h e r e i s a m o s t elabo rate a n a ly s i sof t h e spec i es

,i n w h i c h t h e fi r st g roup i s placed u n d e r maja l is ; but

t h i s i n c ludes a g r oup w i t h l eaves l itt l e o r n o t at a l l spotted . O n t h ee t her h a n d , t h e r e a r e ot h e r g r oups o r fo r m s w i t h u n s potted l eaves , bu tn o n e t h at co uld be at a l l ide n ti fied w i t h O ur ow n

V i ew i s t h at 0 . p rcc termissa i s a t h o r oug h ly w e l l - m a r ked and d i s t i n c tspec i es

,w h ose seg r egatio n has h el ped m ate r ial ly t o c l ea r up t h e

puzzl i n g p r obl e m s co n n ec ted w i t h the Ma r s h O r c h ids .We s h a l l o n ly atte m pt to desc r ibe t h e fo r m s su liic icnt ly to d i s

t inguish t h e m f r o m t h e i r n ea r e st n eig h bou r s , and espec ia l ly f r o m0 . in carnata . As to h abi tat , t h ey prefer

’

damp s ituat i o n s . t h oug ht h ey a r e n o t so ofte n fou n d i n sta n d i n g w ate r a s 0 . in carna l a . In

co m pa r i so n w it h t h i s spec i es , 0 . 111vofermis sa ge n e ra l ly llo wc rs abo utJ OURNAL or B0 ’

1‘ANY .

- VOL . (51 . [M -i 1zeu, 19221 ]

66 TH E JOURNAL or 11

0 1 1 1 1

a fo r t n i g h t l ate r, 0 11 t h e sam e g r o u n d . T h e tubers are pahnate , a n d

no t l o n g - tape1 i11g, as so ofte n i n 0 . 1 110 111 110 171 T h e ste m i s h ol lowi n varying deg rees , so m et i m e s n ea l l y so l id , a n d sca r c ely e ve r so h ol lowas w i t h 0 . in ca rnaz

‘a . T h e h e ig h t of the pla n t i s ve ry va r iabl e ,

f ro m 2 to 7 dm. t h e h ab it maybe s le n de r , but i s m o r e ofte n r obust .T h e l eaves a r e a lways u n spo tted , as i n O . in car na te , a n d mayso m ew h at a pp roac h t h ese i n type , but 0 11 t h e w h ole t h ey a r e v e ryd i ffe r e n t . m o r e sp r ead i n g , le ss eve n ly tape r ed , ofte n b r oade st abo vet h e m idd l e , and of a m o r e o vate - la n c eolate t y pe , t h oug h n a r r owl i n ea r fo r m s so m eti m es occu r T h ey are usual ly n ot so fl es h y i nt ext u1 e , n o r so h eav i ly keel ed , nor h a ve t h e y the y el low i s h t i n t v e ryofte n fou n d i n 0 . 1n ca 1 na fa . T h ey do n ot ofte n co m e abo ve t h ebase of the sp i ke , and ra r e ly ev e i top i t , t h oug h t h ey ofte n do i nO . in carna ta . T h e b rac ts a r e v e ry va r iabl e

,f r o m ve ry broad to

so m ew h at n a r r ow , m o r e d i va r i cate , sca r c ely eve r cu r v i n g i n wa rd s , a st h ose of 0 . in car na te usual ly do . T h e flow e r s a r e u sual ly pu r p l e i nc olo u r , but ra n ge f r o m a soft da r k c r i m so n - pu r pl e to ve ry pal e l i laca n d w h i te . T h i s celeur r a n ge is qui te u n l i k e t h e 0 . 1

’

1zca1 11az‘a se1 ies

of 111a1 eo n , flesh t i n t , y e l low i s h p i n k st raw -

yel low ,r o se

,and d ead

w h i te ; n o r a l e t h e pu1ples t h e sa m e as t h o se w h i c h are fou n d i nsome gi oups of 0 . 11zca1 1w ta . T h e textu r e of t h e flow e1 s i s t h i n n e rt h a n 111 t h ose of O . in car nata . T h e flow e r s t h e m sel ves a r e u sual l yl a r ge r , t h e l i ps n ot at fi r s t rcflexed, and u sua l ly b r oade r t h a n l o n g .

T h e s ide - lobe s a r e v e ry r egula r ; t h e c e n t r e - l obe i s d i sti n c t a n dr o u n ded o r so m et i m e s b l u n tl y w edge - s h aped , and so m et i m es lo n g a n dp r o m i n e n t

,e ve n po i n ted . T h e l ip - m a r k i n gs a r e typi cal ly hue dots

a n d st r eaks , ve ry d iffe r e n t f r o m t h e l i n e - patte r n c h a racte r i sti c of0 . in car na ta . Measu r e m e n ts of a good m a n y l i ps f r o m va r i ousl ocal i t i es g i ve l e n gt h s of (5 t o 8 w i t h co r r espo n d i n g b r eadt h s o f7 t o 12 m m . t h i s i s ve ry difieren t f r o m the al m ost equal l e n gt h andb readt h of O . in carna ta , of w h i c h t h e g r eat majo r i ty are about 7 111111 .

eac h w ay. T h e sepal s a r e of t h e e r ec t type,but not , as a r ul e , qu ite

so c o m pl etel y tu r n ed back as i n O . in carna te ; the spu r i s usua l lyn ea r ly st rai g h t , a n d s l i g h tl y l o n ge r a n d le ss sto u t t h a n i n 0 .

“( h e r e a pla n t has a pa le l i la c colou r a n d g r ow s n ea r pal e spec i m e n s of0 . 1 110 0 1

’

11a fa,a c 1 oss mav be s uspected ; but w e h av e see n some ve1y

pa l e pla n ts w h i c h w e r e e t l1 c 1w 1se of qu i te n o rmal t y pe .

T h e la1gest spec i m e n u e h ave see n i s f r o m t h e I sle of"

Wi g h t,a n d

w as se n t b y the late M r . Hunnybun . I t w as 7 dm. h i g h, w i t h a

Spike c m . by 4 c m . a n d se ve n l eaves , of w h i c h t h e l o n ges t was2 dm. i n le n gt h and t h e b roadest 3 3 c m . i n w idt h ; t h e t w o uppe rm ost w e r e b ract - l ik e , n ot r eac h i n g t h e base of the spi ke , the l ow e r b r ac tsla rge , muc h exceed i n g t h e flow e r s . T h e spu r w as about t w o - t h i rd sa s lo n g as t h e ova ry , r at h e r s h o r te r t h a n u sua l , stout ; t h e l i p 8 111111 .

l o n g and 10 mm. w id e , w i t h v e1y 1 egrula1 s id e and ce n t1 e lobes , the

flow e r s pu r pl e , a n d t h e l i p w i t h fine spots . D 1 . D 1uce m e n tio n s

(Rep. B . E . C . 19 17 , and 159 ) a l u su s e ca icara l a, and a

l usus 1 e cc 1'sa , h av i n g t h e o va ry n ot tw i sted , a l so a sub- va r i ety a l bi

fl 0 1 a s , f1om Be 1ks . M . S ipkes has al so n a m ed a va1x 111ac1 a1zt71a,to

w h i c h 1 efere11cc w i l l he m ad e late1 .

'

l l1e va1 . p a l cfmfl a i s , i n al l 1 espec t s exc ept the flow e r s i m i la rto t h e type . T h e r e may be , h ow e ve r , a la r ge r p r opo r t io n of sl e n de r



T h e E u r opea n d i st r ibutio n of t h e spec ie s has not yet bee n w o r kedout . M . Sipkes , h on evei (D e L ew na

’e N a taur

,Ju n e ga ve

se ve ra l s ta tio n s i n Ho l la n d . bot h fo r t h i s s pec i es arid fo r 0 . p 111p 111 e l l a

Ste p h e n so n . He h as a l so n a m ed as O p rw termissa va r . 111acran171a

a fo r m w it h a l o n g n a r r ow ex te n s io n of t h e l i p,w h i c h p r obably

occ u r s i n B r ita i n a s w e l l a s i n Ho l la n d . T h e D utc h p la n ts appea r toh ave a h i g h e r p ropo r t io n of pal e l i lac flow e r s t h a n w i t h us .

One fu r t h e r po i n t n eeds to be n o ted , n a m ely t h e r el at io n ofO p ul c lze l l a to 0 . p arp are l l a Step h e n so n . I n Jou r n . Be t . 1920 ,

p . 161 , w h e r e w e desc r i bed a n d na m ed 0 . pnrpar e/l a ,w e n oted a n d

d isc ussed i ts c lo se co n n ex io n w i t h O p a l cbe l la ,w i t h w h ic h a t t h at

t i m e w e h ad o n ly a ve ry s l ig h t acqua i n ta n c e ; s i n c e t h e n w e h a ves ee n a la r ge n u m be r of spec i m e n s a n d studi ed i t i n t h e field . T h e r eis n o doubt t h a t t h e tw o fo r m s a r e ve ry n ea r to o n e a n ot h e r

, genet i

ca l ly , 0 . p 111p nre l l a be i n g a dwa r f spotted r elat i ve of O . p n l c lw l la ,

just as t h e Sca n d i n av ia n 0 . cr uen ta see m s to be a dw arf spottedr elat i ve of 0 . 1

'

n carnata . 0 . pu l clze l la i s m uc h m o r e abu n dant i nB r ita i n t h a n 0 . pnrpnre l l a ; in so m e Scotti s h stat io n s the tw o

fo r m s a r e fou n d g r ow i n g toget h e r . In t h e tw o Wels h stat i o n s so fa rn oted fo r t h e m ost c h a r acte r i s t i c fo r m (a ) of 0 . parp arc l l a , t h e r e i sn o t race of 0 . pa l che l la ,

t h oug h it i s r eco rded f r o m Towy n , n o tv e r y fa r f r o m Abe rystwyt h w h e r e t h e fo r m e r occ u r s . T h e r e i s n or easo n to t h i n k t h at O . p zmp arc l l a i s a h y b r id . T h e two fo r m s ,p arp are l la a n d pul che l l a , appea r to be m uta n ts ; q u i te poss ibly ,t h oug h n ot c erta i n ly

,t h e spo tted dwa rf spec i e s h as a r i se n f r o m t h e

la r ge r u n spotted spec ie s . We h ave d i sc ussed t h i s po i n t i n t h ep r e v ious pape r , a n d a r e co n fi r m ed i n t h at pos i t io n by a l l w e h a ves i n c e obse r ved .

I n a v e ry i n te r esti n g pape r i n Rep. B . E . C . 1921 , p . 432 , M r . T .

A . Dy m es has a n a l y sed t h e c h a r acte r s of t h e seeds of t h e B r i ti shDac tylorch ids . So m e of h i s m ate r ia l h a s bee n k i n d ly placed at o u rd i sposal

,i n c l ud i n g p r epa rati o n s of t h e seeds of O . pu l cbe l l a, w h i c h i s

not touc h ed upo n i n t h e pape r r efer r ed to above . Fol low i n g h i sm et h od of d iag n os i s , w e fi n d t h a t t h e r e i s a m a r ked d iff e r e n ce betw ee nt h e seeds of O p arpn r e l la a n d 0 . 11 1110716 2111 . T h e seed s of

p are l la a r e t h e s m a l l est of t h e g r ou p, w i t h a n ab r uptly - po i n tedapex

,i n de n ted at t h e ba se , w h i l s t t h os e of 0 . p 11/c lze l l a a r e l o n ge r ,

w i t h a r ou n ded apex , o n ly a l i ttl e n a r r ow ed f ro m t h e m iddl e of theseed . T h i s i s i n fo r m p r ec i sel y l i k e t h ose of t h e t y pi cal p rac termissa ,

bu t fo r be i n g a l i tt le m o r e s le n de r i n t h e spec i m e n s w h ic h w e h a v esee n . Mo reo ve r , t h e seed s of va r . pul clze l la ag r ee w i t h t h o se of t h et y pe i n ha v i n g r at h e r lo n g loose t estal c el l s , a n d n ot t h e c lose r m es hof 0 . purpur e l la , w h ose s m al l r at h e r dusky seeds a r e eas i ly d i st ingu ished f r o m a l l ot h e r s o f t h e g r oup .

T h e plate f ro m a p h otog rap h ( t . 5 66 ) s h ow s tw o of t h e m anyt y pes of O . pr cc termissa . We ow e i t to t h e k i n d n es s of M r . Ma r r iott,of E ly. T h e pla n ts a r e f r o m No rfo l k . F r eque n tly t h e spike i s m uc hla r ge r a n d loose r t h a n i n t h e spec i m e n s figu red . Of t h e e n la r geds i n gl e flow e r s A r ep r ese n ts a co m m o n fo r m of t h e type

,a n d is f r o m

a n A be ry stwyt h pla n t ; B w i l l be n ea r to,i f n o t p r ec i sely l ike ,

var. unceran t lza . I t i s f r o m Sout h Wal es .

DR . srmron’

s BRIT I SH mos se s 09

DR. STIRTON’

S NE W BRIT ISH MOSSE S RE VI SE D .

B Y H . N . D IXON , M .A ., F .L .S .

(Conc luded from p .

ORTHOTBICHAC E /E .

A naectanyiam1nar i1111111 St irt . i n A n n . Sc . N . H . x v i i i . 214:

(Co r ra n , n ea r O n i c h ; Aug. 1908 ; and A r dgou r,n ea r O n i c h ; Sept .

— I h a ve exa m i n ed t h ese a n d se ve ra l ot h e r s o f t h e packets .T h ey are al l fa i r ly w e l l - m a r ked fo r m s of A . compac tam va r

.

pe l lucidam.

Zygodon teichopkilas i n Scott . Nat . No . xv . p . 36

T h is,as I u n de r sta n d i t , i s St irton

’

s n a m e fo r t h e m oss desc r i bed bySchimper a s Z. S t ir ton i a n d by L i n d be r g as Z. ar is tatus .

b iota scot ica S t irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . xiv . 106 (“ Nea r

A r i sa i g ; 31 Aug , 1904 . Publ . 17 No v .

,1901 . Ant o n b ra n c h es

of h aze l , K in loid Road , A r i sa i g 20 Ju ly , 1906 . T h e bestT h e s l ig h t d i sti n ct io n s d r aw n by Sti r to n betw ee n t h i s a n d U. pin/Z

lan t lza do n o t see m to be bo rn e o ut by t h e s pec i m e n s . T h u s St i r to nsays No basa l m a r gi n a l row of pel l u c id c e l l s a s i n U. phyl l anfl za .

”

But I h ave fou n d t h ese c el l s w e l l ma r ked i n t h e spec i m e n s . I t i st r u e t h at m a n y leaves do n ot s h ow t h e m , but t h a t i s f r eque n tly o rusual ly t h e case w i t h t h i s spec ies . I ca n see n ot h i n g but a s l i g h tfo rm of U. p kg/l l an tha at m ost . Sti r to n w r i tes o f t h e K in loid Roadpla n t 18 capsu l es , pa l e , s h o r t , w i t h p i n k teet h

”; a n d i n Ann . Sc .

N . H . x v i . 17 1 , h e desc r i bes the f r u i t a t so m e le n gt h . But an

e xa m i n atio n of t h es e capsu les s h ow s t h at t h ey a r e e n t i r ely due to a ni n te r m i xtu r e of Or t lzotr ic lzamp n l c lzc l lum,

and t h e r e are n o capsul e sof t h e Ul ota p r ese n t . One w ou ld h a ve t h oug h t t h a t t h e p i n k c olo u rof t h e teet h

,to w h i c h St i r to n r efe r s , w ou ld h a ve l ed h i m to t h e i r

i de n t i ty,but n o doubt t h e so m ew h at c r i sped leaves m i sl ed h i m .

St i l l a n al m ost cu r so ry exa m i n at io n s h ow s t h e d i ffe r e n c e of fo l iat io nf r o m t h e Ul o ta .

O r tkotr icbant pr ccnabil nm S tirt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x i x . 21 °

(O n ic h ; 13 Aug ,— Sti r to n desc r ibes i t a s ba r r e n

,

but i t has i m m atu r e f r u i t . He r e l i es o n the st r o n gly r e vol ute m a rg i na n d i r r egu la r a pex of t h e l ea ves as the spec ific c h a rac te r s

,but bo th

apply exac tly to e it h e r 0 . (f ine o r 0 . 3 117 1 111111 1 11 111 a n d t h e ca ly pt r aa n d vagi n u la s h ow it to be t h e latte r spec i es .

0 . pras ine l l amSt irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x ix . 21 1 (O n i c h ;Sept

. 1908 , o n E lde r . ) —T h e r e i s o n ly o n e tu ft . w i t h a s i n gl e ii11pe r fec t capsul e

,of t h i s . A fu rt h e r spec i m e n i s lab el l ed " O n i c h ;

Sept. 1909 . T y pe . But i t i s n o t t y pe acco rd i n g to the data i n

t h e publ is h ed d esc r i pti o n c ited above . How eve r , bot h specnne ns

u n doubtedly bel o n g to the sa m e spec i es . St i r to n co m pa r es i t w i t h0 . tcn c l lnm,

stati n g t h at t h e capsul e i s la r ge r— w h i c h appa r e n tly i st h e o n ly d i s ti n gu i s h i ng c h a r ac te r ; 1 do n o t , h ow e ve r , l i n d i t so , a n dcan see n o d i ffe r e n c e at al l f r o m o r d i n a r y 0 . {cue/111111 .

TIMMIACE JE .

Timmie scof fed S tirt . i n A n n . Sc . N . H . x i x . 238 (BenLaw e r s ; July — Most of the pla n ts are v e ry s m al l

,a n d at fi r s t

s i g h t s ee m d i ffe r e n t f r o m T . n er veqica , to w h i c h,as Sti r to n r ecog

n ixed , i t i s c lo sely a l l i ed , and to w h i c h h e a t fi r s t r efe r r ed i t . T h e r edo n ot

,h ow eve r , appea r to be a n y d i st i n gu i s h i n g st r uc tu ra l c h a rac te r s ,

and as t h e r e a r e fo r m s i n te r g rad i n g w i t h t h e typica l pla n t a m o n gS t irton

’

s spec i m e n s , 1 do n o t t h i n k i t can be co n s ide r ed a n yt h i n gm o r e t h a n a s tu n ted fo r m of T. n or vegica .

BARTRAM IACE JE .

Concs tomum Stirt . in Ann . Sc . N . H . x i . 1 12

( Ben Law e r s ; —It i s c e r ta i n ly n ot a 0 0 110 3 10 11111111.

I t i s a D itr ic lzzun , a ve ry s l e n de r a n d f rag il e pla n t, a n d c lea r lybelo n gs to D . zona tum.

B ar t‘rmn ia subvirc l la Stirt . i n A n n . Sc . N . H . x v i. 176

(O n ic h , s ide of H i l l Road ; Sept . 1908 . And Kyleaki n,Sky e ; Aug.

— Sti r to n speak s of t h i s as a f r eque n t m oss i n Scotla n d , d is ti n c tf r o m B reute l ia arcuam i n co lou r , a r ra n ge m e n t of l ea ves , 850 . He

has plac ed spec i m e n s of t h e two s ide by s ide , a n d at fi r s t s i g h t t h eyc e r ta i n ly appea r d i s t i n c t ; B . subrire l l a h av i n g yel low i s h l eaves

,

m o r e c lo se ly set , n o t w ide ly sp r ead i n g , r a t h e r pate n t t h a n squa r r ose ,w h i l e B . ar czmta i s b r ig h t g r ee n w i t h m o r e d i s ta n t l eaves st r o n glyh o r i zo n tal ly squa r r o se . I n l ook i n g t h r oug h a good se r i es of B ren

te l a’

a ar cua ta ,h ow e ve r , I find t h e 3 1111 11 11 6 111? fo r m qu ite f r eque n t a n d

w ide ly d i st r ibuted , a n d c l ea r ly i n te r g rad i n g w i t h t h e ot h e r fo r m ;a n d I h ave m a n y pla n t s w h ic h I s h o uld n ot k n ow how to p lac e , w e r et h e t wo sepa rated . T h e few st r uc tura l c h a rac te r s g i v e n by Sti r to na r e n ot bo r n e o ut by t h e p la n ts ; t h e basa l c e l l s a r e ce r tai n ly n od iffe r e n t

,t h e l eaf- base i s s ca r c e ly i f at al l d iffe r e n t

,a n d t h e r e i s n o

ditterence , as suggested , i n t h e pl i catio n . B . sz1bv1’

re l l a ca n o n lybe looked upo n as a sl i g h t a n d i l l - defi n ed fo r m of B . ar cuata .

13 71120 110 113 befcr op /zyl la St irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . xv i i . 173— No spec i m e n s a r e so - n a m ed , but “ Bm'h 'mnzfa f ro m su m m i t

of Ben Law e r s , l i ke B . (“fin esse (new ) , i s e v ide n tly the o r igi n a l ,t h oug h t h e date o n t h e pac kets i s 18 65 ,

w h i l e i n t h e desc r i pti o n i t i s1867 . T h e r e are n o ot h e r pac kets of s

’

l onoiis f r o m Ben Law e r sw h i c h c ou ld poss i bly apply to t h i s , a n d a s m al l bi t e n c l osed i n o n e o ft he pack ets i s la be l led “ B en Law e r s , Jul y and i s ce r ta i n lyt he t y pe . I n n o n e of t h e spec i m e n s can 1 see t h e s l ig h test d iffe r e n c ef r o m P . (a lp ressa , n o r i n the desc r i pt io n t h o ug h Sti r to n says t h ed i s t i n c ti o n s a re ma n i fes t . T h e d is ti n ct io n s n oted betw ee n t h e fo r mand a r eo lati o n o f the l ow e r and uppe r l eaves me r e ly r eflec t th e t r u en atu r e o f ( 11111 11

13 3 11 a s a de r i vat i ve of P . f o1zfa11a, a n d a r e qu i te usua l .

BRYAC E JE .

B ob/1°

11 S t irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x v i i . 174( B ac k o l

’ Keppoc h , n ea r A r i sai g ; Sept . — Sti r to n has bee nt a ke n in by the ste r i l e fo r m of A r c/1111111111 a l ter /11170 11211

111. As i n t h e

D R . S TIRTON’

S BR IT I SH M OS SE S 7 1

case of t h e D 1p71y3 0 111 111, i t is t h e so r t of t h i n g t h at m i g h t h appento a n yo n e .

B ryum e l eqcmtul um Sti1 t . i n Scott . Bot . Rev . 1. 92

(Lovedale, nea1 Ga i r l oc h , t oss s h i r e ; Aug .

— Sti r to n co m pa r est h i s w i t h B . but a gla n c e at t he tuft s s h ow s t h at i t hasn o c lose affi n i ty w i t h t h i s . I t i s pal e g r ee n

,w i th ve ry c lose

,s l e n de r

s te m s a n d la rge ax i l la ry ge m m ae i n t h ei r uppe r pa r t . I t i s, 1 t h i n k ,

p ract ical ly ide n t ica l w i t h B . B arnes and 1. s h o uld r efe r i t,w i t h

t h at , to B . a11°0p 11rp111°

6 11111 var. Tayl . (w h i c h , i t m ust heco n fessed , i s a so m ew h at h ete r oge n eous co l l ect io n I) . I t d i ffe r s f r o mt h e o r d i n a ry fo r m s of t h at — l i ke B . B arnesz

’

i— in t h e po i n t of t h euppe r l ea ves be i n g lo n gly acum i n ate

,but i n ot h e r c h a rac te r s i t co m es

ve 1y n ea r B .

B . 1 1110 11 11111111 S tirt . i n T i a n s . Bot . Soc . E dinb . xx v i . 428(Nea r P loc kto n , Ross - s h i r e ; Sept . — T h i s i s o n e of t h e fo r m sof t h e ve ry va r iable B . p seudo

- 1119 116 117 10 1 ; t h e 6‘ pla n t

,ta l l

,l ux u

r ia n t,w i t h n a r r ow

,r a t h e r flacc id l >aves—~w i t h , i n fac t, m o r e of the

h ab i t t h at o n e assoc iates w i t h B . 11111111111, but i t i s , acc o rd i n g toS t i r to n , d io i cous . Suc h fo r m s may be see n i n m ost la r ge c o l l ec tio n s .Sp ruce

,M use . 1’

yren . 129 , i s a ve ry si m i la r o n e . I t may be t h e var .

1111y11s l 1f 0 11’

11111 Lindb . , w h i c h 1 h ave n o t see n . It i s q u i te a ma r k edpla n t in h ab i t

,but o n ly depa r ts f r o m type i n h ab i t a n d n a r r ow n es s

of leaves .B . [ 611 11116 11111 St irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x i i . 113 (Ki n g ss

Seat , n ea r Ki l l i n ; D . Hagga1 t , 190 1 .

— S t i1 ton co m pa r es i t w i t hB . (1111 11111111 1, w h i c h h e says h a s in ueh laiger l ea ves a n d la 1ge r ce l l s ;t h i s i s to so m e ex te n t t r ue , but t h e d i ffe r e n c e does n ot go m uc hbeyo n d t h at . I t i s ce r ta i n ly o n ly a rat h e r bette r m a rk ed fo r m o fB . cap il lare va r . e l egan s t h a n B . T h e a r eo lat io n i sso m eti m es ve ry r egu la r ly a n d p r ett i ly h exago n al .

B . 0 111 11111111 St irt . MS . i n h e r b . Tw o spec i m e n s u n de r t h i s n a m eare r at h e r i n te r es t i n g ; t h e fi r s t (Ben V oirl ich by Loc h Lo m o n d ,

18 641) appea r s to be a fo r m of W’

ebem but i t mavposs i bly be a sl ig h t ly al te r ed fo r m of t h e seco n d (Ben Lo m o n d ;J uly 1861 ) w h i c h i s , I t h i n k , w i t h out doubt a r ob us t fo r m of”5 110 17 1 0 110 111111111 t h e pe r i c h aet ial lea ves , w h i c h are p r ese n t , n a r r owand w i t h n a r row c e l ls , s ee m to belo n g h e r e , w h i l e t h e leaves h a ve t hecat-emulate a r ra n ge m e n t , w ide , subcucul late apex , a n d t h i n - wal ledcel l s c h a rac te r i sti c of t h e spec i es .

B . p 111°

11se 11111f111 St irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . i x . 178 (Sa n d sn ea r Ste ve n so n ; - T h e l eaves s h ow a good dea l o f va r ia tio n i n1pex, m ostly v e ry c uc ul late and o btuse ; la rge s i n gle gemmze ve ryf r eque n t i n t h e leaf-ax i l s . I t has e ve ry appea ra n c e o f be i n g an

ab n o r m al fo r m of so m e co m m o n spec ies , e i t h e r B . 111°

g1*1111' 11111 o r

B . t h e s te m s are l ess t h a n 1 c m . h ig h .

B . pa wns /1111111 S tirt . i n G lasgow Nat . v i . 38 ( l i o veda leWood s , n ea r Gai r loc h ; l ul v 19 11 .

—T h i s i s a B . 1110 11 111 fo r 1 n °

s te ins an i n c h in h‘

c iu h t,da '

l ik gi c t n ; h aves c h lo i opln l lo se a l m ost o rqu i te to t h e apex , h in hl v c o ch leai ito im,

m os t ly api c a l :1te o i c uspid :i te .

It w ould c ome nndc i v .i. .r NIH/Ms“

B . 1 11010 1111 1111111 Sti 1 t . in Soc . E dinb . xxv i. :t i ( 19 1

7 ; THE JOURNAL or BOTANY

( l’ lockton ,

B oss - s h i r e . ) — T h i s i s a ve ry beau tifu l pla n t , whate ve r i t sposi ti o n . I t i s i n ve ry de n se , co m pact tufts , to m e n to se be low ,

a n dbeautifu l ly va r i egated w it-11 g ree n a n d deep v i n o us r ed . T h e l eave sh ave m uc h of t h e c h a rac te r of B . 0 000 1110 11111

,but a r e n a r r ow e r

,ofte n

ext r e m el y n a r r ow ly and l o n gly acum i n ate , w i t h t h e n e r ve exc u r r e n ti n a l o n g glo s sy a r i sta , u sual ly abou t h a lf t h e l e n gt h of t h e l eaf

,

occas io n a l ly equal l i n g t h e w h o l e l e n gt h . T h e l eave s w h e n d ry a r es h r u n k e n

,and so m ew h at tw i sted , but n o t as a r u le sp i ra l ly co n to r ted

h e r e and t h e r e , h ow e ve r , a ste m h as t h e m d i s ti n ctly spi r a l ly tw i s ted ,and t h e r ela tio n s h i p to B . 0 1111 171111 0 i s t h e r eby ma r ked . T h e a r eolat io n i s a l so m uc h l ike t h a t of B . 0 60 0 1110 11111

,but t h e bo rde r i s e x

t remely w ide,of st r o n gly i n c r assate c el l s

,a n d i s t h e r efo r e ve ry

co n spi c uous . I t h i n k t h e pla n t m ay w el l tak e r a n k as a subspec i eso f B . 0 11pi] l 11 1

°

0 , but i ts a ffi n i ty w i t h t h at, and espec ia l ly w it h t h esubsp. B . 0 00 0 1110 11111, i s too c los e , I t h i n k , to a l low of i n depe n d e n tr a n k . 1 h a ve w h at m ust be co n s ide r ed t h e sam e pla n t f r o m Ll a ngol le n , co l l . P r of . Ba r k e r ; t h e l eaf - fo r m a n d st ruc tu r e a r e ide n t i ca l ,but t h e co lou r i n g i s n ot m a r k ed .

B . 1°

11b1°10 0 3 11111 St irt . in Ann . Sc . N . H . v i . 12 1 ( Su m m i tof Ben Law e r s ; J uly — T h i s is B 1

°

y11 111 11 11110 113 va r . 3110 0 10 8 11111Sch imp.

Jl[ 11111111 g1°

110 1°

l 0 11111111 S t irt . in Ann . Sc . N . H . xvn . 173

(Ben Law e r s ; July 18 63 ; ve r y n ea r sum m it . ) — St i r to n co n s id e r st h i s n ea r and qu i te co r r ec tly ; i t i s a s m al lde n se fo r m of 111 . suc h a s o n e m ig h t expec t at t h a ta l t i t ud e a n d expos u r e .

LE UCOD ONTAC E 113.

P 10 1°0y0 11111111 gracil e va r . p 11110 10 7111 111 St irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . i x .

181 — Nu m e r o us spec ime n s oc cu r i n the h e r ba r i u m of t h i s ,w h i c h i s based o n t h e p r ese n c e of sp ic ul es 0 1° pap i l lae o n t h e back oft h e l eaf . But t h i s i s n o t , a s Sti r to n supposed , a pecu l ia r i ty of t h eScott i s h pla n t . 1 h ave fou n d t h e m n o r m al i n al l t h e spec i m e n s 1h ave exa m i n ed f r o m al l pa r ts of B r i ta i n and ,

t h oug h t h ey w e r e o ve rl ooked by Schimper a n d o t h e r co n t i n e n ta l aut h o r s , t he la te r w r i te r s

(Hage n , Limprich t , B rotherus) desc r i be t h e l eaves a s n o r m a l lypapi l lo se 0 1° sp ic u lose . I t i s , i n fac t, a spec i fic o r rat h e r a ge n e r i cc h a r ac te r

HYPNACE E .

0 111110 0 1110 1 «fink/£ 11111 S t irt . i n A n n . Sc . N . H . x i x . 240

(Ben Law e r s ; J u ly 185 5 .

— Sti r to n c o m pa r es i t w i t h C’.

But t h at i s d i st i n gu i s h ed by t h e d i lated au r i c l es a n d lea ves m a r kedlypl i cate , and t h i s h a s n e i t h e r !T h e r e is o n ly o n e poo r s te m , a n i n c h and a h a l f h i g h , w i t h about

five s h o r t b ra n c h e s . I t a ppea r s to m e to d i ffe r in 110 wav f r o mC . 4 0 111110 1170 3 .

[ 8 0 1110 0 111 111 z

’

11 1‘e rhu le 11s St irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . i x . 178

(Ben Led i ; 180 11 . A . M e lx 111 lay . ) —T h i s i s m y B arby/11071111 111

sur oides var . Sti r to n has i n deed ident ilied aSpec i m e n of t h at var .

, w h i c h I se n t h i m ,w i t h his spec ies . Had I

DR . STIRTON’

S BRIT I SH MossE s 73

k n ow n of t h e i de n t i ty at t h e t i m e , I s h ould h a ve adopted h i s n amefo r t h e va r i ety .

He h as i t f r o m n ume r ou s local i t i es i n t h e Weste r n H i g h la n ds ,keepi n g i ts c h a racte r s w e l l .

I. pers imil e S t irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . xiv . 107 (BenSleoch ,

Loc h Ma r ee ; J uly -T h i s pla n t gave me a g r eatdeal of t r o ubl e

,as it h ad a c l ose r es e m bla n c e to so m e of ou r spec ie s ,

n ot o n ly to Isotkec iummyurum,w i t h w h i c h Sti r to n compa r e s i t , but

a l so,i n h ab i t

,a n d i n deed i n n ea r ly a l l c h a racte r s but t h e smooth

c e l l s,w it h Pé emiqg/n andrumfilg

'

f orme . An exa m i n at io n of t h e s i n gl ef r u i t

,h ow e ve r , a n d espec ia l ly of se ve ra l pe r i c h aetia fou n d o n t h e

s te m,r e vea led i ts ide n t i ty w i t h o ut a n y doubt . I t i s a New Zea la n d

m oss, Omnp tochcete gracil is (H . f . W . ) Par . I ts p r ese n ce in

Scotla n d w ou ld be qu i te u n t h i n kable , a n d t h e r e ca n be n o que sti o nt h at t h e label l i n g h as bee n co n fu sed . I f a n y co n fir m ati o n w e r en eeded of t h e t r ue o r i g i n of t h e spec i m e n , i t w ould be fou n d i n t h efac t t h at the spec i m e n i s m ou n ted o n a sq ua r e o f t h ic k , r at h e r pec u l ia rpape r . Now I h a ve n ot fou n d a n y of S t irton ’

s s pec ime n s so m ou n tedw i t h t h e except io n of o n e , Brackythecmm in fermix tum,

”w h i c h i s

m ou n ted o n a s imi la r piec e of pape r of p r ec i se ly t h e same mate r ial ,a n d t h at p la n t , o n exami n at i o n , p r o ves al so to be a New Zeala n dspec i es . (See u n de r Hypnum in termix tmn . )

I. subgl acz’

a l e St irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . i x . 179 Iso

thecium myosuroz’

des * subglacia l e . Ben Ledi ; —1 qu i tes ubsc r i be to St irton ’

s l ate r V i ew of s ubo rd i n at i n g i t to E m' lzg/ izc lu'

ummyosuroz

’

des ; but I ca n n ot se e i n i t m o r e t h a n a fo rm of t h at spec i es .I. symmictzun St irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . i x . 179 (Ben

Law e r s ; July —T h i s i s a rat h e r s tout fo rm of t h e ub iqu ito usa n d po ly m o r phou s B racbytkec iump lumosum.

Bmchyfl t ec imn . See u n de r Il ia/pnum.

P l agio thc cz'

mn anno t in zwn . See Hypnum (mnofinum.

P . K in l aymzw n St irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x i v . 101 ( BenLaw e r s J uly l 8644. ) — I s P . Jen t écz/ l a t zmz va r . obizzs g

'

fbl ium.

P . Jlf ue l l er ianwm o f t — (a ) O n ic h Sept . 1909 . T h i s i sP . pu l cke l l um. Nea r P lockto n , Ro ss - s h i r e A ug . 19 12 .

3 you n g capsu l es e n c losed i n w h i te pape r . No capsul es w e r e en

c lo sed,but t h e pla n t i s P .

— (c ) Ploelcton,Ross - s h i r e ;

Sept . 1913 . A fo r m of P . fil e/e l l er imzum. T h is i s P . d ef/ans .

Sti r to n ev ide n tly d id n o t k n ow P . M ud /er iamun , a n d t h e f r u i t oft h at spec i es st i l l r e m a i n s to be fou n d i n t h i s cou n t ry .

P . pilif'

w'

zwn c . tr . S t irt . i n A n n . Sc . N . H . x v . 1 12 ( l 906 ) .

T h e spec i m e n i n St irton ’

s h e rba r i um f r o m Ben V o irl ieh u n de r t h i sn ame h ow e v e r , i s n o t P . p fl /jbrum. The l ea ves are n ot co n cave .they a r e r a t h e r g r adual ly ac umi n ate , a n d t h e ma rgi n t h oug h u sual lye n t i r e h a s occas io n a l ly a ti n e toot h a t base of ac ume n

, Just a s inP . e l egmzs . I t i s c e r ta i n l y t h at spec i es .

P . 7'

u7‘b- vh '

escmzs S t irt . i n A n n . Sc . N . H. x i x . Q- l-Q

(Nea r A r i sai g ; Sept . 1907 . O ld fo r es t . )— l do n ot t h i n k t h i s can

be sepa rated f r o m t h e h i g h ly va r iable P . Je n /irulumm. It i s an

erec t , r ob ust , ye l low i s h fo r m , w i t h s h o r tly po i n ted l ea ves , s t r o n gly

71 THE JOU RNAL or BOTANY

r ec u r ved m a r g i n s,a n d w ide c e l l s . I t i s p r obably P . Rutbei va r .

77 1117770 0 177 Li1npr.,w h ic h seems r e fe r able to var. nut/178 Bo u l .

P . h i e/7 0 710 71771 S t irt . i n A11 11 . Sc . N . H . xv . 1 13 ( BenLaw e r s ; — A s m a l l fo r m o f P . de n t icul az‘mn w i th r at h e rn a r r ow l ea ves , somew h a t mo r e lo n gly ac u m i n ate t h a n us ual . I can

matc h i t q u i te w e l l w i t h pla n ts f rom the Midla n ds a n d el s ew h e r e .

geop lzil zun S t irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x v i i . 175

( l’o i t - n a -Mu 1 r i c h

,n ea r A 1 1sa1cr 1 — T h i s 1s a

sma l l , e l ec t, de n se fo rm of fIv/pzmm q u i te a ma r kedfon n a n d u o 1 t l1 val 1eta l r a n k . but i t m us t undoubtedh I t h i n k

,be

plac ed u n de r va r . erec tumBag n .A . St irt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x v 11 . 1 75

(Rud h - po i n t , n ea r A r i sa i g ; 20 Sept . , 1906 .

'

1‘ype - spec i m e n . ) (Loc h

K il l ispo rt ; Sept . —Sti r to n gi v es n o loca l i ty i n h i s d esc r i pt io n ;o n ly “ i n t h r e e l oca l i t ies “ i n sa n dy g rou n d n ea r t h e sea .

” T h eA 1 isaig pla n t m ust the1 efo 1e be take n as t h e type . I t i s a ve r y w e l lma 1kod pla n t o f A . 8 8 7198 713 va1 . (1317 777717 8 7 (1mm Bo u l . a p 1 etty fo 1 1 n

,

w i th bianches a n d l ea ves ve1y h o m oge n eous a n d 1 egular.

'

1 h 1s 1 .1 1 1ety,h ow e ve r

,see m s bette r s u n k i n va r . 3 77117727777 Ca r r . T h e Loc h Kil l isport

p la n t i s a sl i g h tly d i f fe r e n t fo r m of the sa m e t h i n g, a n d i s n ea r e r tot h e o r i g i n a l fo r m of va r . sa l innm.

H z/jmum ( 177703 7777771 St irt . i n A n n . Sc . N . H . i x . 180 (BenLaw e r s J u ly — 1s a n al p i n e fo r m of B rackytheciw n 7

'ivula7'e ;pe r h aps va r . l a t éf

’

o l izun Hus n . o r app roac h i n g i t .H . ( 771710 1577777777 Stirt . i n T ra n s . P r oc . Bot . Soc . E dinb . x i . 75

(Ben Law e r s ; Ju ly — I s P layzofiw cw m den izen

Zaz‘um va r . obtusafbl z

'

um.

II. anonml um S tirt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x v . 112 (BenLaw e r s J uly — Sti r to n compa r e s t h i s w i t h H . ( l is tmzs

,i . e .

E ur lzg/n ckiuuz S war tzz’

i. I t i s qu i te i n d i s ti n gu i s h a bl e fi om t h atspec i es . T h e o n ly c h a r ac te r h e suggests , w h i c h appea r ed to h i ma n oma lo us

,t h at of t h e asymmet ry of t h e l eaf - base

,i s qu i te n o r m a l

fo r t h e pi ost i ate b r a n c h es of E . Swa7 1‘z iz°

Seve r a l l ea ves of t h i sfo 1 m w i l l be fou n d a m o n g t h ose figu r ed o n the tw o plates (521 , 5 25 )of 15777 71 . p rce l onyzun ( i . e .

, E . SwmIzzi) i n t h e B iy. 1Cur.

H . corruga tu lw n S tirt . i n Ann . Sc . N . H . x v i . 180On popla r t r ees , abo ut 6 to 8 fee t f r o m t h e g rou n d ; Loc h Awe ;

Sept . As— T h e con uga

t io n of t h e l ea ves i s v e r y mai ked o n some b ra n c h es , v e1y l ig h t o not h e r s . I t i s p1obablv a fo r m 0 1 state , poss i bly pat hol ogical ,

D

r at h e rt h a n a stabl e va1 iety i t is a cha1ac te1 n o t i n f r eque n t, spo r ad ica l ly ,amo n g va r iou s pl eu r oca r pou s mosses . Cf . II. 77110 77 77777. below . Aseco n d spec ime n ( l thu Road , A r i sa i g ; 21 Sept . , 1906) s h ow s t h esame i n co n sta n cy of t h e c h a racte r .

II. S t irt . i n A n n . Sc . N . H . x i x . 21 3 (Near

A r i sa ig Aug . 190 7 o n a l ar ge as h t r ee . ) —T h i s is a r at h e r s t r ik i n gfo rm of II. capr ess zjormc , of a n u n u s ua l h abi t ; but ce r ta i n ly n ot h i n gmo r e .

If . S tirt . in T ra n s . P r oc . Bot . Soc . E dinb . x i . 75

(B ra e/ayl lu'c imn Ben Law e r 's

T h i s i s w i t h o ut a n y do ubt B ruclzyflzc cizun pmw loxzun (H. f . 85 W . )


76 THE JO URNAL o r BOTANY

dec ide 11 h 1c h a r e to be accepted as ce n t1a l 0 1 l ead i n g fo r m s i n e ve ryg r o up . O ne ca n n o t h e lp fee l i n g t h at h e r e at lea s t l og ic a n d co ldi n tel lec t h a ve do n e t h e i r best .A n d ye t

,0 11 c lose r st udy , doubts pe r s is te n tly r ec u r . T h e n u m e r ous

m is p r i n ts , t h o ug h a d i sfigu r e m e n t, a r e pe r h a ps i n e v i tabl e . But t h ed r aw i n gs I— n o l i v i n g b r amble e ve r l o oked so n ea t a n d pe r fec t i na r r a n ge m e n t . T h e r i n g of s tame n s , al l a bso l ute ly o n a l e ve l ; t h et idy sepa ls a l l exac tly i n p lac e ; t h e w h o le l oo k of i t i s n ot t h at of al i v i n g t h i n g . T h e p ic tu r es w o u ld do w e l l fo r a sta i n ed - glass w i n dow :

t h ey a r e a r t i st i c , but i n sp ite o f ac c u racy of deta i l , t h ey a r e n otsc i e n t ifi c .

Aga i n , t h e d i l ige n c e a n d t h e logi c see m to be m o r e t h a n a l i ttl em i sp lac ed . Stude n ts o f b ra m b les a r e co n s ta n tly r e m i n d i n g us t h a tt he subj ect can o n ly be p r ope r ly stud ied i n t h e l i v i n g pla n t ; a n d t h efac t t h at Sud r e depe n ds w h o l ly 0 11 exsiccata fo r o u r B r i ti s h fo r m s ato n c e m akes o n e ext r e m el y s h y of tak i n g h is v iew i n p r efe r e n c e toPocke ’ s

,fo r t h e l a tte r h a s see n a ve ry la r ge p r opo r tio n of our fo r m s

in t h e l i fe . Sudre’

s c i r c ums ta n c es m ay h a ve p r e ve n ted h i m f r o mt r ave l l i n g ou ts ide F ra n ce— at a n y r ate , h e does n ot appea r to h avedo n e so ; a n d t h e fac t at o n c e m akes o n e doubtfu l of m a n y of h i sco n c lus io n s .

Aga i n , as I h a v e go n e t h r oug h t h e book page b y page , I. h a vea l m os t come to t h e co n v ic t io n t h at h e h as ofte n desc r ibed new fo r m sf r o m a s i n gle d r i ed spec i m e n . T h is , of cou r se , I ca n n ot p r ove ; butt h e suggestio n i s a lmost o ve rw h el m i n g ; a n d how u n safe t h e p r ocedure i s , e ve n e le m e n ta ry study s h ow s . I am su r e t h a t I c ou l d

p1esen t h i m w i t h spec ime n s take n f1 o m one bus h i n d i ffe r e n t y ea r s tow h ic h h e w ou ld g i ve d iff e r e n t n a m e s . I s h o u ld t h e r efo r e v e n tu r ese1 iously to dout w h et h e r h e i s j u st ified i n sa1 ing that a gi ve n s h eetpubl is h ed i n t h e B r i t i s h Rub i co n ta i n ed m o r e fo rms t h a n o n e .A n d

,aga i n , t h e r e a i e c lea r cases w hom h e desc r i bes a s a d i s ti n c t

va1 iet 1' va r . l awns— w h at i s o n ly a s h ade gi ow n spec i m e n .

A n d,above a l l

,Sud i e i s fa r too 1 eady to ass ig n , w i thou t h es i ta tio n a

defi n i te hybi 1d o r ig i n to d i s t i n c t fo i 1 n s . T h e r esu l ts p r od uced a1e

sometimes amus i n g : e . g.

,R . Rog. i s , i n Sudre

’

s Opi n i o n,

echuw toulcs x (71770 7710 7773 ( i . e . , of t h efac t t h a t i t g1ow s , e .y. li e1e i n N . Oxfordshii e, 111 fine t vpical f0 1m,

i n spo ts 11 he 1e n e i t h e r of i ts pa r e n ts i s k n ow n . Ill ms /ml l z, aga i n ,i s B ub777910 77 77 ><f 77sco a far , t h oug h ve1y good occ u r s i nc ou n t ie s w he i e neithei of t h e latte r ex i s ts . I n t h e m a n y cases w h e1 eh e h as see n probab le h yb r ids g row i n g i n F r a n c e , a n d so r eco rds t h e m ,

he i s 0 11 far safe r g rou n d .

O 11 co 111pa1ing h i s 1 esul ts w i t h Pocke ’ s (publ i s h ed i n a n de spec i a l ly h i s v i ew s of B i it ish pla n ts , o n e ca n n o t h el p feel i n g t h atS ud i c s su lfc r n ot on l v because h e h as n o t see n o u r pla n ts i nt h e l i v i n g state

,but because h i s mi n d is medize val . He h as t1 1ed

c ompl ct cl v to i cduce t h e s ubtl et ie s of n atu r e to pape r c las sificat io n .

E ve ry vai iat io n me i its a desc 1 ipt ion a n d 1 ecc ives a n 1me (of coui se,

t h i s 1s t i ue on l v so ta1 a s h i s mat ei ial s go ) . And i t 11 i l l n o t wmlcFocke adniits t h at i t i s i m poss i ble yet to get at t l ie u complete

h a rmo n y w h i c h w i l l i n c l ude bot h h is w o r k a n d Sudre ’

s ; t h e r e i s n o t

SUDBE’

s‘110 131 E UROPE 77

suffic i e n t mate r ia l fo r i t . And t h e r e i s a n o t h e r co n s ide rat io n to bebo r n e i n m i n d . T h e t wo sava n ts sta r t f r o m d i ff e r e n t ce n t r es , andg ro up t h e i r expe r ie n ce eac h r o u n d h i s ow n ce n t r e . O f cou r se , bothm et h ods a r e w o r th study i n g , but t h ey ca n n o t p r od uce t h e sa m eresul ts— a n d n e i t h e r ca n be fi n a l .

B r i ta i n i s , of cou r se , in c lose r e lat io n w i t h bot h F ran c e a n dG e r m a n y ; a n d i f I p r efe r Foc ke

’ s r esu l ts to t h os e of S ud r ,e i t i s n o td ue to a n y r easo n i n g f r o m t h e n atu r e of the case

,but part lv to

Focke ’ s sounde1 m et h ods a n d m o r e s l ow ly d e ve lo ped expe1 ience , and

st i l l m o r e to t h e r es u l ts o f such test s a s I am able to apply . To takea n exa m ple : Sud r e d i sal low s R . scaber VVh e . Nees as a B r i t i shpla n t

,t h oug h h e sees t h at Fock e k n ow s t h e spec ies . Focke

, how

e ve r,saw t h e pla n t g r ow i n g i n E n gla n d , o n t h e v e ry spot f r o m

w h ic h No . 124: i n t h e set of B r i t i s h Rub i was gat h e r ed ,and n a m ed

i t scaber . Sud r e , f r o m t h e dr ied spec i m e n (No . 124 ) places our

E n gl i s h fo r m i n a n e n t i r e ly d i ffe r e n t s ubsect io n (u n de rjbl iosus ) , a sR . conspectus G enev . l I h a ve , m o r eo ve r , i n m y h e r ba r iu m o n e ofFocke

’

s ow n Mi n de n spec i m e n s n a m ed s caber by h im, a n d i t i side n ti ca l i n e ve ry r espec t w i t h a M iddl esex gat h e r i n g of my own .

R . nemora l is P . J . Muel l . i s a n exac tly pa r a l le l case , a n d I ow n

m yse l f e n t i r ely at a loss to undei stand w hy h e ide n tifies R . aj’i vm

'

s

var . B r iggszanus Roge r s w i t h R . ko l e1yfl z1 os Focke .T h i s sort of deta i l c o u ld be g r eatly a m pl i fied . But i t i s m o r e

pi ofitable to say i n co n c l u s io n t h at w h i l e I a m su r e t h at , a s MoyleRoge r s h i m se l f asse r ted , o u r B r i t i s h R ubi n eed so m e r ea r ran gi n g i nt h e m sel ves , a n d , st i l l m o r e , n eed to be co r r e lated m o r e co m plete ly w i t hCo n t i n e n ta l fo r m s , Focke i s a fa r safe r gu ide to B r i t i s h s tude n ts t h a nSud r e .

SPITSBE RGE N LICHE NS

BY ROBERT PAU L SON , E .L .S .

THE fol low i n g n otes r efe r to l i c h e n s col l ec ted by M r . V i c to r S .

Summerhayes du r i n g t h e m o n t h s of Ju n e a n d Jul y o n t h e occa s io n o ft h e O xfo r d U n i ve r s i ty E xped i t io n to Sp itsbe r ge n 1921 .

T h e spec i m e n s r ep r e se n t 27 ge n e ra and 68 spec ie s . the

except io n of a v e ry s m a l l n u m be r , w h i c h w e r e c r us h ed ow i n g t o t h e i rex cess i v e b r i ttl e n es s w h e n t h o r oug h ly d r y , the co l l ec ti o n i s i n ex cel l e n tco n d it io n . I t ex h i b i ts n o t races of m i ld ew , a n d n o dec ided lo ss . o rc h a n ge i n c olou r , due to t h e p rocess of d ry i n g . Ow i n g to the fac tt h at two o r t h r ee spec i es of l ic h e n a r e ofte n attac h ed t o o n e sto n e . ith a s n ot bee n pos s i bl e to plac e eac h of t h e spec ies upo n a sepa rat em ou n t fo r h e r ba r iu m pu r poses .Most of t h e l i c h e n s a r e h ea l t h y , w el l -developed spec i m e n s and

ma n y a1e abu n da n tly fe r t i l e a s , fo1 exa m pl e , L eeanom cp ilnyon ,

Lecza’ea lapw ida ,

B uefl l a dzsmf onms , a n d flIzu og/hum s11/1 1 11 1 /1 1

11 0 1 ;des but t h e m os t i n te r esti n g featui e 1eSpec t ing t h e h ea lt h y de \ elopment 15 t h at Of t h e numei ous exampl es of spo1 nlat io 11 that o n em eets w i t h 111 t h e go n id ia of seveial spec ie s F 1 o111 w h at w e ah e n l v

Resul ts of the Oxfo rd University E xpedition to Sp itzbergen , No . 26 .

78 THE JOURNAL o r BOTANY

k n ow of t h e fo r m at io n of spo r es i n th e a lgal sy m b io n t,w e s h o uld

e xpec t t h a t,if i t took plac e at a l l i n l ic h e n s g row i n g i n t h e h i g h e r

l at i tudes of t h e n o r t h , i t w o u ld ex h i b i t i tse lf a s be i n g m os t ac t i ve i nm ate r ia l c ol l ec ted a t t h e e n d of J u n e .

111 add it io n to obse r v i n g va r io us p h as es of spor u latio n , w e h a v en o ted i n se ve r a l t h a l l i a g r ea te r n u m be r o f e m pty go n id ia t h a n w e

find i n s imi la r B r i ti s h spec ies at t h e pe r iod w h e n m u lt ipl ica t io n of t hea l ga l c e l l s i s m os t ac t i ve , but w e h a ve fa i l ed to d i sco ve r f r eque n tes of Irvphze w i t h i n c olou r le s s (e m pty ) ce l ls , o r a n y case of pe n e

t rat ion of hyphze i n to l i v i n g go n id i a .

T h e p r i n c i pa l l i c h e n h ab itats o n w h i c h t h e m ate r ia l was gat h e r eda r e su m m a r i sed below

B ea r I s la n d , 74°35

" N . a n d 19° 0"

E .

(a) S m al l m ou n ds , upo n l i m esto n e , s i tuated at h ei g h ts va r y i n gf r o m 50—4 00 feet , a n d co ve r ed w i t h a c lo sed d ry vegetat i o n c o n s i st i n gof m a n y p h a n e r oga m s a n d m osses .

(11 ) A t h i c k m oss ca rpet of f l y/1 11 11 111 unc inatumHedw . w i t h Sa l im

p o lar is i n s l i g h t dep r es s io n s , t h e al t i tud e be i n g f r o m 200 -3 00 feet .(a) A Rkacomitr zum Zanugz

’

nos zun h eat h about 70 feet up,n ea r

bou lde r s . I t co n s i sted of a d ry t h i c k m at of m osses w i t h m a n yl ic h e n s .

(d) T h e exposed s u r face s of la r ge bou lde r s p i l ed up i n to sc r ee s .T h e l i c h e n s w e r e m os t ly at a h e ig h t of 1200 feet o n Mt . Mise ry

(Spirifex l i m esto n e) .

P r i n ce C h a r les Fo r e la n d , betw een 78° a n d 79° N . a n d 12° to

( 19) T h e ba r e s h i n gl e of a r a i sed beac h w it-h p r ac t ica l ly 110 so i l a n dw i t h ve ry few p h a n e r oga m s , 30 feet abo ve sea - l e ve l .

(f ) A pa r t of t h e abo ve beac h w h e r e m uc h sa n d was depos ited ;Ce tmr zfa is l andim f . tembffoima n d C . 71 1113 0 6 113 w e r e abu n da n t .

(g) Wet m ossy slopes , o n a h i l l , w i t h few flow e r i n g p la n ts ; thel i c h e n s g r ew at t h e top of m oss h um m ock s .

(11 ) T h e m ossy edge of“ pol y go n a r eas at a h ei g h t of 70— 80

feet . Most of t h e l i c h e n s w e r e at t h e top of s mal l m os s r a m pa r ts .

( 1) F ro m al l so r ts of places 0 11 m ou n tai n s lopes , col l ec ted byM r . J u l ia n Huxley at a h e ig h t app r ox i m ate ly 1250 fee t .T h e ge n us 0 10 110 11111 ra n k s h i g h , n o t o n ly i n r espec t of t h e

qua n t i ty of m ate r ia l co l lec ted but a lso i n t h e n um be r of spec iesr ep r ese n ted . i s poss i bly the c o m m o n est 0 10 1170 11111 fo u n di n h i g h n o r t h e r n lat itudes , as s h ow n by t h e r esu l ts of t h i s , a n d offo r m e r a r c t i c exped i t io n s "

t . T h e spec i m e n s , h ow e ve r , a r e defo r m ed ,di scol o u r ed

,a n d s ta r v ed to a m uc h g r eate r deg r ee t h a n a n y ot h e r

l i c h e n i n t h e co l l ect io n . C. f z1rcata va r . 3111110 3 11 Le ig h t . , n ot h i t h e r tor eco rded f ro m Spitsbe rge n , i s c o n si de rably di sco lou r ed a n d i s so m et i m es a l m ost black . 0 . r angifer ina and C'. syl va t ica a r e e v ide n tlyab u n da n t i n B ea r I sla n d a n d o n t h e da m p slopes of P r i n c e C h a r l esFo r ela n d

,bu t f r o m t h e p r ese n t co l lec ti o n i t i s n o t poss i b le to s ta te

Holmsen , G . ,Spitsbergen s Natur 0g Hist oric , reprinted f r omYme r H . I.

t Report of the Second Norw egian A rctic E xpedition in the F ram,

’

1898

1902 , No . 2 1 , Otto v . Darbish ire , pp . 27, Kristian ia 1909 .

e Tsn E no E x c n sxs 79

d efi n i te ly w h i c h of t h e t wo i s t h e m o r e co m m o n . F ro m t h e e v ide n c eo f se ve ra l of t h e packets , i t w o u ld appea r t h at ( l a/ [ 1 1111011 i s t h e1no 1e f 1 eq 11en t , f0 1 i t ofte n occ u r s i n s m a l l qua n t i ty as soc iated w i t ht he p1 inc 1pal l ic h e n of t h e sa m ple .

'

1 h i s be i n g t he case , t h e co n d i t io ni s similai to t h at w h i c h ex i s t s i n No rway, fo r i t has bee n r ec e n t lys tated t h at i n t h e n o r t h e r n pa r t o f t h i s co u n t ry 0 . i s n o tso co m m o n as 0 . syl va t ica , and a l so t h at C . a lpes z

‘r is

,w h i c h i s t h e

l i c h e n m ost ge n e ral ly h a r vested fo r r e i n dee r fodde r , i s a l ow la n dspec ies c o m pa r ed w i t h t h e ot h e r two \Ve n ote t h at t h i s last - n a m edl ic h e n 1s n ot a m o n g t h e mate1 ial of t h e co l lect io n .

T h e ge n us Ce t1 r11 1a i s 1 ep1 esented by w el l de vel oped spec i m e n s of0 . 1111111118 , 0 . is l andica, C . h iascens , and O. ( 111 1111911111 . T h ey fo r m am ost co n spi c uous featu r e of t h e l i c h e n flo r a of B ea r I sla n d and P r i n c eC h a r l es Fo r ela n d . T h e exa m ples of C . is l andica are n ot so l uxu r ia n ta s t h os e of t h e ot h e r t h r ee spec i es , t h ey are s m al l a s r ega rd s h e i g h ta n d n eve r b road ly sub - fo l iaceous . I t i s t h e fo r m tenuzf o l z

'

a. of t h i sl ic h e n

,a n d t h e n a r r ow c espi tose O. 11 iva l is a n d 0 . kz

’

ascens t h a t g r owf 1equen t lya n d in abu n da n ce .

L ecanom ta1 ta1'ea i s a l m ost ub iqui tous . I t appeai s n o t o n l y i nl a r ge b r oad patc h e s covei ing o t h e r p la n ts bu t a lso i n s n ow l i ke flakeso n m osses a n d ot h e r l i c h e n s , t h e latte1 m c 1 ely i n d i cati n g new cen st 1e

of g r owt h . I ts h ab it of d eve lop i n g fa n tasti c fo r m s by e n t i r elyi n c r usti n g s m al l pla n ts , m ostly m osses , p r od uc es spec i m e n s t h at h avep r o ved puzzl i n g to ide n t i fy . So m uc h h as t h i s bee n t h e ca se t h a ta spec i m e n of L . tar tmea , co l l ected i n New fou n d la n d , s i m il a r i ne ve r y r espect to t h e g r ow t h f1 o m Spitsbe r ge n , 11 as n a m ed 180 0 0 6 1111

does n ot appea r to h a ve bee n n oted s i n c .eI t i s poss ibl e to demonst i ate bv m ea n s of t h i n s ec tio n s t h at t h e

gi ow th s are i n bot h ca se s t h e 1 esul t of L . 171 1 1111 0 11 c losel v 1nc 1 ust 1110‘

m osses . At ce r ta i n po i n t s i n t h e spec i m e n s t h e1 e a r i se e i owded

11 h it ish -

g1cen g1oups of i1 1 egula1 ly sphei ical sw e l l imr

g ,s eac h w i t h a

d ia m ete r appi oximat ing 5 m m ., a n d h em m ost of t h ese a1 e p roduced

l i v e to s i x s l e n de r , cvl ind1 ical , sl igh t l 1rcui ved b1a n c h es ave1aging

5 111m. i n l e n gt h . Th ese b r a n c h e s a1e pi n k i s h w h i te i n co lo u 1,

co r n eo us i n textu1 e , a n d h a ve f 1equent ly a da 1 ke r co 1 e of fe i eig1imatte r , m oss , g rass , etc . T h ey a r e a r r a n ged i n a pec t i n ate fo r m and

t h e e xt r e m ity of a b r a n c h i s f r eque n t ly co m p r essed .

'

1 h i s g r ow t h i s 1 cgular a n d f1 equent a m o n g t h e Spi tsbe rge nmate1 ial . I t 1s a n ext r e m e spi n u lose fo1 m of 11 1111 1111 ea va1 . f}

A m o n g t h e spec i m e n s of S 0Z0 1 1 1m In spm( 1 t h e 1 e i s o n e (No . 13 e )i n w h i c h

°

t h e s ize of the spme , 100 g reat l y exceed s t he

measu1emen t 1 eco i ded fo r t h ose of t h e n o r m a l s pec ies,w h ic h i s

d iag n osed as h a v i n g spo r es 65—88 pt l o n g x 33 42 11 t h ic k .

D'

l t is pe1haps n o t adv i sabl e to co n s ide1 t h i s l ichen as 1 epi esent i1nr

a new spec ies , s’

ee ing t h at o n ly o n e s m al l s pec i m e n has bee n co l l ectedbut a spo r e exceed i n g by t h a t of t h e g r ea tes t le n gt h usual lyr ecog n i sed as belo n gi n g to S 0 /0 1'111a 111811 0 1 11 i s n o t an inconsidemh lec h a r a cte r i n dete r m i n i n g a spec i es . I t is , fo1 t h e pie sen t , des ig n atedvar . spil sbm

'

gens is . l\l e11s 111e111en ts take n at 1 :111do m f1o m t 1 pical

spec i m e n s o f Spit sbe1gen 1nat e1 ia ,l co l l ected o n Beai I s la n d and i n

it S tudie s 0 11 t he Lichen F lora o f Norway, l i rist ian iu .Bernt Lynge .

80 TH E JOURNAL or BO'

I‘ANY

G i ps Val l ey , ga ve 88 a n d 68 a s m ax i m u m a n d m i n i m um le n gt h s ofspo r es r espec ti ve ly .

0 11 a s m a l l f rag m e n t o f m oss ( n o . 141 Bea r I sl a n d,a spec i m e n

o f P l acodium 0 0 11 1111 111 i s g r ow i n g . I t r e se m bles in i ts s ca n ty m e mbranous t h a l l u s a n d s m a l l apot h ec ia P l 110 0 1l 1

'

11 111 0 0 r 11111 111 var . 3 11110 1

T h e r e i s , h ow e ve r , a d iff e r e n c e i n t h e ye l l ow - o r a n ge co lou r o ft h e apot h ec i u m , and t h e t h al lus ca n sca r c e ly be desc r ibed as lep rose .

T h is , t h e o n l y f rag m e n t of i ts k i n d in t h e m a te r ia l , i s a n i n te r est i n gspec i m e n w i t h 11 apot h ec i a g r ow i n g o ve r t h e s te m of a m oss w h ich i sl ess t h a n 2 c m . lo n g .

I take t h i s oppo r tu n i ty of t h a n k i n g M i ss A . Lo r r a i n S m it h fo rh e r va luable h e lp i n iden t ifving t h e pa ras i t i c fu n g i upo n t h e spec im e n s and fo r sugges tio n s r espec t i n g t h e dete r m i n ation of c r i t ica l

SYSTE M ATI C LI S T .

T h e n o m e n c latu r e i s t h at of M iss Lo r ra i n S m i t h ’ s M onograph ofth0 B r itish L ichens . T h e n u m be r of l i c h e n s i n t h e c o l lec tio n t h ata r e n o t i n c luded i n t h e B r i t ish flo r a i s r e m a r kably s m al l , approx i

m ately 5 pe r c e n t .A n as te r i s k de n o tes t h at t h e l ic h e n h as n o t p r e v ious ly bee n

r eco rded fo r Sp i ts be r ge n ; l oca l i t i es are i n d i ca ted by n u m e ral s1 , Bea r I s la n d ; 2 , P r i n c e C h a r les Fo r e la n d 3 ,

G ips Va l ley 4 , Adve n tBay

Sphwrophorus gl obosus Wai n . 1 , 2 , 0 11 ea r t h a m o n g m oss .P lacyn th ium 11 12017 1 111 S . F . G ray 3

,o n r oc k .

E phebe [ 111111111 Wa i n . 3 , 0 11 r oc k .

P 3 0 r 0 11111 hyp110 1'

11 111 S . F . G ray 1 , 2 , o n m oss .P 0 l tig0 1

'

a 11211710 3 11 Wi l ld . 1 ; P . 0 111111111 Wil ld . 1 ; P . 111117110 0 11

Fr . 2 ; P . 1'

11f 0 3 0 0 113 Hoff m . 1 : al l 0 11 ea r t h .’"S ol or ina 01310 0 1 11 Nyl . 1 , 3 ; S . Ac h . 1

,2,0 11 ea r t h .

P am/10 1111 a lp z’

col a T h . F r . 2 , 0 11 r ock ; P . amp/11110 1150 3 Ach . 1, 0 11

m oss .Ce trarz

’

a 110 1110 11111 F r . 1 ; C'. 7111130 0 11 3 T h . F r . 1 , 2 ; 0 . 13111111110 11

Ach . 1 , 2 ; 0 . 11 10 11113 Ac h . 1 , 2 , 3 : a l l , o ve r ea r t h w i t h m oss .U3 110 11 3 1111171 1110 0 (Koerb. ) T h . F r . 1110 l 11x 11111

‘hz111

Ad ve n t Bay, o n r ock .

1 110 010 1 111 bicol or Nyl . 1 , 0 11 r oc k A . 1l 1’

0 0 1‘

1/0 113 Nyi. (He rd m a ns e n I s la n d ) , 0 11 ea r t h ; A . 111011 0 11113 Nyl . 1 , 0 11 r ock ; A .

Nyl . 1 , o n ea r t h .

0 0 11 111111 S . F . G r ay 2 ,3 , a n d va r . 1111111 0 11 A . L . S m .

3 ,o n ea r t h . T h e va r i ety h as a w el l -dev eloped t h a l l u s , w h ic h i s

m a r kedly tu r gid,sube r ec t, s l i g h tly r ec u r ved , co r n ute , a n d po i n ted a t

t h e api c es .X a111hor 1

’

11 p 11r 1’

0 t 1’

1111 T h . F r . 1 , 2 , 3 , o n r ock .

P lac0 1l iz1111 0 0 1 11111 111 Hepp . 1 , 0 11 m oss ; P . 0 10711 113 D C . 1 , 3 , 0 11

r ock s ; P . 11111 10 1 11111 D C . 3 , o n w ood ; P . 11 1110 3 11 0 B ran th Rostr.

var . 0 1120 11 111 A . L. S m . a n d f . A . L . S m . 1 , 0 11 ca lca r eousr ock .

*P hg/3 0 1°

11 pul verul e111‘a- Nyl . , o ve r m oss ; P . l ithotea Nyl . 3 , on

SP IT SBERGEN LICIIE N S 8 1

Rz

'

nocl ina 116 11113 8 11 Am. 3 , o n a stone=Ri11odi11a es 11a, saxi

co lous fo r m .

L ecan om 1111 11 Ach . 4, o n r ocks ; L . 61116111 0 11 Ach . 1 , 3 ; L . ga l ac

Ach . subsp. disp ersa Nyl . 2 , o n s i l ic eous r oc k ; L . 190 11 11 01111

Schaar. and f . a lp1g1°

11 11 Le ig h t . 2 , o n s i l i ceo us r oc k ; L . 15111 1111 6 11 Ac h .var. f 1

'

1g1a’11 1 , 2 , 3 , o ve r m osses and ot h e r l iche n s .

Gyropkom 6 1 0 311 Ach . 1,4 ; G . Ach . 1 ; G . p ro

boscidea Ach . 2 . We note the abse n ce of G . ( 11 0 116 11 Ach . f r o m t he

co l l ec t io n .

S tereocaul on a lp1'

1111 111 Lau r . 1 , 2 ; S . 1le11 111111111111 Floe r ke 2,o n

s i l ic eous r ock ; 13. pas c lza l e Fr . 1 , o n ea r t h a m o n g m oss .0 111110 11111 be l l idifl om Schwr. 1

,o n ea r t h ; 310 . 06 11 10 0 1 1113 Sc h ae r .

2 . T h i s ag r ees w i t h Wain io’

s desc r i pt io n of O. ver t icil l amva r . ce rv icorm

'

s , and as G. ver ticil l a la has not bee n r eco rded a m o n g Spi tsbe r ge n l i c h e n s , the aste r i sk is attac h ed ; *0 . f o l iacea W i l l d . 1 ;

f ur caf a Sc h r ad . var . 3111110 311 Le ig h t . 1 , 2 , 3 , and va r . 8 217'I“8 Cl (lFloe r ke 2 ; C

’. gracil z

’

s Wil ld . l ; l ep idota Nyl . 2— t h i s l i c h e n has

p r obab ly bee n i n c l uded in p r ev ious r ec o r ds u n de r 0 . degeneran s

Sp r e n g : the spec i m en is in excel l e n t co n d i t io n and is suffic i e n t lyd i s ti n c t to be i n c luded u n de r Nylander ’

s spec i es C. 110 11111 .

1 , 2 , 3 G. syl vatz'

ca Hoff m . 1 , 2 G. Web. 1 , 2 ; G. 1 1111

yfformz’

s Hoff m . 1 , 2— t h ese occu r ge n e ral ly o n ea r t h and m i xed w i t h

L ecidea 0 0 11711111113 Ac h . 1 , 2 , o n sto n e s ; L . S ehze r. 2,

o n r ock s ; L . l apz’

cirla A c h . var . dec l inan s Nyl . 1 , 2 , o n a s to n e ;’l“L . Ac h . Sasse n V a l l ey , ove r m oss .

L . 110 1 1111113 Ach . 1 , 2 , o ve r m oss .131111116111 sabul osa Massa l va r . 1110 111111111 A . L .

syn cmnys l a (Floe r ke ) Th . F r . (T h . F r . Sca n d . p. 335 ) 1 , o n t heg rou n d w i t h mosses .

131111111311 Mudd .

2 and var . f1' 1f 1'

11g1111'

11 Bo i st . 2,3 ,

0 11

sto n es ; -,o n sto n es .

*R71 1zoca17) 11111 dis h/

110 111111 Th . F 1 . 2 ; Rwy/8 1111 11111111” l i oe i b . 2 ;

R . yeagmpkimwn DC . and va r . 1111 0 1 11 8 113 Koei b. , al l 0 11 l ooks o rs tones .

773 1 1 110111 11: Pe r s . 1 , o n sto n es .

pyrenopkormn Massa l . 2 0 11 ca lca r eou s r ock s .P o lgbl as tia in ter cedens Lonnr . 2 , o n cal cai eous l oc ks .M icroglwna sph111ct1 1110 1

'

des (Nyl . ) Th . F r . 1 , 2 , o ve r m oss o nr ocks .

13 111 1131110 F ungi 0 11 1710 L 1

'

e71e 11s .

The fo l low ing pa r as i t i c Fu n g i w e r e fou n d upon ce r ta in of thespec i m e n s

B ased /1130 1 11111 qc 1111111'

f e1 11 111 T111 1. o n L eculca confl ummAch .

E p 1cocc 11111 n e t/ [ 13

0 111111 D es m . o n L e cmwm Ach .

1‘

1 0 0 1‘118 0 1

’

1

11111 pygnuczun Koei b . o n L eca110 1 11 p olyh 0p11 Sehw r.

The n um be r of spec i es co l l ected o n Bea r I sla n d and P r i n c e C h a r l e sFo r ela n d co l lec t i vely a m ou n ts to 53 o f t h ese 18 are co m m o n to bot hlocal i t i es 19 w e r e gat h e r ed o n the fi r s t o n ly and 16 o n the scoo nd .

JOURNAL or o‘

l . “HANG“, 19221 ]

82 1 1113 JOURNAL or BOTANY

A NE W VARIE TY OF VIOLA ODORATA.

ByE . S . G REGORY .

TH I S v iol et was fi r s t se n t to m e i n Feb rua ry 1920 by M i ss C . L . Peck ,of Maidencombe , Sout h D e vo n , w ho found i t i n a n o r c h a r d betw ee nMaidencombe a n d Teig n m out h , i n t h e pa r i s h of Stoke - in -Te ig n h ead .

O n fi r s t exa m i n i n g i t, I placed i t a m o n g t h e s uppose d h yb r i ds ofV . 71111 11 x odora ta ; bu t at t h e sa m e ti m e I n oted ce r ta i n st r ik i n gpec u l ia r i t i es

,pe r h aps t h e m ost p ro m i n e n t be i n g the pu r e w h i te n e ss

of t h e flow e r . T h i s l ed to m y ca l l i n g i t i m m ac u lata w h e n,afte r

c u l t i va ti n g a n d w atc h i n g i t fo r t h r e e yea r s at VVeston - supe r -Ma r c,I

w as a sked to n am e i t as a new va r i ety . D u r i n g t h ese t h r ee yea r s i thas dev eloped i n to a r obust e xa m pl e of V . 0 110 1 11111

, hav i n g g radual lyc h a n ged t h e d i r ec t io n of i ts pet io l e - h a i r s to c o r r e spo n d w i t h t h edep ressed h a i r s of t h e sc e n ted v i o l et , a n d h av i n g a lso ac qui r ed t h efine sc e n t of t h at spec ies .

It d iffe r s f r o m V . adorata 111611 : V . 11111111910 1 11111 Jo rd . by i ts ea r lya n d p r o lo n ged flow e r i n g (f r o m m id -D ece m be r t i l l t h e e n d of March ) ,by i ts tal l e r ect g r ow t h , and by it s lo n g v igo r ous s tolo n s ; by i tsm o r e d i s ti n c t ly h e r bac eou s sti pul es ; by t h e s tolo n s of t h e yea r p r oduc ing flow e r s a n d f r u it— t h i s c h a r ac te r i s s h a r ed occas io n al ly byot h e r va r iet i es

,a n d i s a di s t i n gu i s h i n g featu r e of V. 1111111 Besse r ; by

t h e pu r e w h i te n e ss of t h e fl ow e r— e ve n t h e spu r , deep pu rple i n t h eo rd i n a ry w h i te v io let , i s in t h i s o n ly fa i n tly m ottl ed u n de r c u l ti vat io n

,a n d i s a l ways r ec u r ved ; a n d by t h e b r oade r peta l s of t h e w ide

aw ake - look i n g fl ow e r .Mess r s . Bake r a n d Wi l m ott h ave see n spec i m e n s , a n d r epo r tI t i s a w h i te - flowered V . odoraz‘a L . I ts n ea r es t al l}

r see m s to beV . 1110 0 11110 111 Jo rd .

,f r o m w h i c h i t diifers by i ts b r oade r petal s , lo n ge r

s to lo n s,a n d ot h e r s m al l po i n ts . ”

I h av e g r ow n it i n tw o ga rde n s a n d i n a box o n my ( sou t h )bal co n y

,al l i n Westo n - supe r -Ma r e . I n o n e ga rde n (Fai r l e i g h ) i t

has t h i s yea r (1922—1923) h ad too r ic h a soi l ; t h e s i ze of t h e leafhas i n c r eased , w h i l e t h at of t h e flow e r has s l i g h tly d i m i n i s h ed . I nt h e box 0 11 m y balco n y , pla n ts g r ow n i n 1922 f r o m c utti n gs hads h o r te r and m uc h m o r e h a i r y petio l e s t h a n t h e pa r e n t pla n ts a t Fa i rl e i g h

,a n d t h e g r ow t h i n o t h e r r espec ts w as m o r e n o r m a l . T h i s was

p robably due to poo r so i l a n d lack of spac e .

0 11 Ja n . 30th Miss Peck k i n d ly se n t m e exc el l e n t exa m pl es f ro mt h e o r i g i n a l h ab i tat . I fi n d t h at i n t h e w i ld state i t i s deve lop i n g

,

t h o ug h m o r e s low ly t h a n u n de r c ul ti vatio n : t h e c h i ef d i ffe r e n c esf r o m i ts 1920 state a r e dep ressed petio l e - h a i r s o f t h e 0 110 1 11111 type ,a n d a b r oade r , m o r e

“w ide - aw ake ,

” sc e n ted flow e r . I n t h e w i ldpla n t s t h e spu r i s da r k e r t h a n u n de r c u l t i vat io n .

A l ik e cas e of atav i s m o r r e ve r s io n was n oted by m e abou t tw e n tyyea r s ago i n a n ot h e r fo r m of V . 71 111 11 X 0 do1v1111

,w h e r e t h e r e was

a c h a n ge o f co lou r (pu r pl e to w h i te) as w e l l as to develop m e n t ofpe r fu m e .

S i n c e t h e fi r s t pla n t i n g i n Feb r ua ry , 1920 , t h e develop m e n tn ot i ced h a s bee n towa rd s a tal l e r , m o r e e r ec t h ab i t, w i t h pa le r


81 THE JOURNAL or BO‘

I‘ANY

n a m e w h e n the g r oup w h i c h i t de s ig n ates e m b ra ces el e m entsa l toget h e r i n co h e r e n t, o r w h en i t beco m es a pe r m a n e n t sou r c e ofc o n fus io n o r e r r o r . ” T h is s h o u ld be i n te r p r e ted by t h e exa m plessuppl i ed . E lemen ts a l together incoheren t .

— “ T h e ge n u s S c lcrebera L . de rives its c h a r ac te r s fro m t h e two ge n e ra 0 118 0 11111 a n dfl yn ca (pa ra s i te a n d h ost) a n d m ust be d r opped ; a n d t h e sa m eappl i es to L e 77111 1

'

rea D e V r .

,w h i c h i s m ade up of el e m e n ts belo n gi n g

to difierent fa m i l ie s . T h e case of Cl eyem 1s n o t co m pa r abl e . T h et y pe spec ie s of Ol eg/era co m p r i sed spec i es of tw o ge n era , but bot hbe lo n ged to Tbeaceaa T h e ge n e r ic desc r i pt io n appl i ed exc l u s i vely too n e of t h e m

,a n d was s uffic i e n tly charactei ist ic to e n able D e Ca n dol l e ,

a n d S iebo ld a n d Zueeai ini, to ide n t i f y th e ge n us . T h e spec ificdesc r i ptio n co m b i n ed cha1act ers of 0 . yapon zca a n d T8 7 718 17 119771111

but it IS poss ibl e to exc lude t h e la tte1 f r o m Ol eye7 a o naccou n t of i ts n o n - ag r ee m e n t w i th t h e ge n e r i c desc r i pti o n . No o n ehas p r oposed to set as ide B ignonza L , a lt h o ug h i t c omp1 ised t h i rt ee n

genei a of q nonzacece a n d o n e eac h of L ogan iaceae a n d Vitacew ;n o r to t i eat B zynonza 1n 1l 1c11 L. as e m b rac i n g e l e m e n ts a l toget h e ri n c o h e r e n t al t h o ug h i t i n c luded two spec i es belo n gi n g to difiei en tge n e ra . A permanen t source of conf aszon or e7 ror .

— “ Li n n aeusdesc r ibed u n de r t h e n a m e of Rosa 711

'

l los11 a pla n t w h i c h h ad bee nr e fe r r ed to se vera l d iffe r e n t spec ie s , a n d of w h i c h c e r ta i n iden t ificat io n see m s i m poss ible . To avo id t h e c o n fu s io n w h i c h r esu l ts f r o mt h e use of t h e n a m e Rosa o il l osa , it i s p r efe r abl e i n t h i s case , as inot h e r a n al ogous cases , to aba n do n t h e n a m e al toget h e r .

”But t h e r e

is no doubt a s to t h e ide n t i ty of t h e ge n u s Cl eg/era a n d of t h e spec i e sO. j11po71 1

'

c11, a n d n o co n fus io n h a s r e s u l ted f r o m t h e use of t h esen a m e s .T h e n a m e T ernstr cemiajap onica T h u n b . was a new co m bi n at io n

fo r Oleyera 0711210 7110 11, and s h ou ld be t r eated as a sy n o n y m of t h a ts pec i es . A s appl ied by S iebo ld a n d Zuccarini to t h e Terns tr cenu

'

a

e r r o n eo usly i n c l uded by T h u n be r g i n C . i t has p r o ved to be“ a pe r m a n e n t sou r c e of c o n f us i o n o r e r r o r ,

” a n d s h ou ld t h e r efo r e besupe r seded by T. gymnan t lzera (Wig h t et Arn . ) u n de r Art . 5 1 , 4 .

E ROTE UM AND PRE ZIE RA .

T h e type - spec i e s of E roteum i s u n doubtedly E . 1710 1190 1110 3 ,a s

stated by Faw cett a n d Re n d l e . The type - m et h od dete r m i n es thei n c ide n c e of a ge n e r i c n a m e o n c e and fo r al l : t h e ge n e r i c n a m e isa lways assoc iated w i t h t h e type - spec i es . He n c e i f E rote n 171 t l1ew0 1

'

1les

i s i n c l uded i n Cl og/era ,the ge n u s E re /M 1711 a utomati cal ly becomes a

sy n o n y m . U n de r t h e m et h od of r es id u e adopted by Faw c ett and

Re n d le , t h e n a m e E rotenm m ay be a ppl ied to two (717/”men t

a cco rd i n g to e i1 cumstances .

“ I f i t i s ag r e ed to pass o ve1 t h e o 1 iginalC'l eye 7 a T .h u n b ,

t h e n E 7 ote 11771 Sw . is t h e ea r l i est n a m e fo r thege n u s now ge n e r al ly k n ow n as Cl ef/11 7 11 . If Cle z/em is to be r eta i n ed ,

t h e n E r e /11 11771 Sw . m us t b e used fo r the ge n u s of w h i c h E .

l 11z‘z1171 Sw . was t h e fi r s t de sc r i bed spec ie s ; t h a t i s , t h e ge n us no w

NOTE S ON 1 11121 0 133: 85

ge n e r al ly k n ow n as Freziera— u n l e ss F rezz’

era fi n ds a place i n t h el i s t of 710 771171a conser vanda .

” T h i s e xa m pl e i l l ust r a te s t h e g r eate rs i m pl ic i ty a n d co n ve n i e n c e of t h e type - m et h od .

T h e I n te r n at io n a l Rules u n fo r tu n ately r e fe r o n ly i n c ide n ta l ly tot h e quest io n of types . A r t ic les 45 a n d 47 , h ow e ve r , see m to i n d icatet h at t h e appl icat io n o f ge n e r i c a n d spec ific n a m es s h oul d be dete rm i n ed by m ea n s of t h e t y pe - m et h od . T h e n a m e zE scul us m ust bekept fo r t h e spec ies E w a l as IIz

'

ppocastanzun L . , as t h i s i s un

doubtedly t h e type of t h e ge n u s . ” “ Seve ra l s pec ie s (P 7' i77zz1 l 11

cask 77117~11171a Mu n r o,P . erosa Wal l . ) h a ve bee n sepa r ated f r o m

P 7'177111 la (l e 71t1cul a t11 S m . ( E xot . Bot . i i . 109, t . but t h e n a m e

P . 1le71 t 1'

cz1 lata h as bee n r i g h tly kept fo r t h e fo r m w h ic h S m it hdesc r ibed a n d figu r ed u n de r t h at n a m e .

Mess r s . Faw cett a n d Re n dl e adopt the v i ew t h at w h e n a ge n u s i sd i v ided i n to tw o o r m o r e ge n e r a

,a n d t h e ge n e r i c n a m e ca n n o t be

u sed fo r t h e o n e w h i c h i n c l uded t h e type - spec ie s , t h e n i t m ust beappl i ed to o n e of t h e ot h e r s . T h is i s co n t r a ry to t h e type - m et h od

,

and does n ot appea r to be w a r ra n ted by t h e Rul es .U n de r t h e type - m et h oc t h e publ icat io n of a new ge n e r i c n a m e

as a n a vow ed s ubsti tute fo r a n ea r l i e r o n e doe s n ot c h a n ge t h e typeof t h e ge n us ” s . xl i x . 334 ; He n c e t h e type ofE 7'ez1e7'a i s E 7

'

otez1771 thewoz'

des . I f i t i s des i r ed to p r ese r ve t h eh i s to r i c usage of E r eziera fo r t h e ge n u s typ ified by E roteum undu

l atam, t h i s m ay be effec ted by t r eat i n g F rezz’

era a s a nomen con

se7'

vatz1771 w i t h E . 11711l 11 lat11 771 as a “ subst itute type ”(see Jo u r n .

Bet . 1922 , 112,

T h e E d i to r h a s k i n d ly gi ve n us t h e oppo r tu n i ty of add i n g a fewr e m a r ks o n M r . Sp r ague ’ s n o te s . ) Ve d i ffe r f r o m Di r . Sprague inh i s v i ew o n t h e qua l ificati o n s fo r 770 77117111 con ser randa a n d t h e m ea ni n g of c o n fus io n .

”The n a m e Te r 71s t 7'az7717

'

1zce1e i s u sed i n theI n d ia n a n d Co lo n i a l Fl o r a s , i n t h e lates t ed it io n of G ray

’ s il l nnna lof the N or th Ame r ican F l ora , and by U r ba n i n h i s m ost r ec e n t lyi ssued w o r k o n t h e West I n d ia n flo r a (Symbo lw A n tz

’

l l an ce ,v i i i .

1922 ) i n p lace of Theacece used i n h i s ea r l i e r w o r k ( see E n gl . Bo t .

Jahrb . xx i . 5 2 1,As r ega r ds t h e use of Cl ea/ era ,

w e see 110 r ea so n to c h a n ge ou rpos i tio n . As to E roten 771 a n d F reziem,

w e s ugges t t h a t t h oug h i tmaybe poss ib l e fo r p r ese n t - dayw o r ke r s to fix o n o n e spec i e s a s a t y pe fo rt h e ge n u s , yet Sw a r t z

’ s ge n u s u n doubted ly i n c l uded the t w o ge n e raw h i c h a r e now r ega r ded a s d i s tin c t , i n w h i c h ca se w e are bou n d byt he Rules to use t h e ea r l i e s t n a m e fo r o n e o r ot h e r of t h e m .

\V . FAWCETT : A . B . REND LE .

THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY

NE W TROPICAL AFRICAN RUBIACE /E .

BY R . D’

O . Goon , B .A .

Sabicea nobilis, sp. nov . F rn fea' tomentosus e r ectus ; fo l 11sintegris cordat is rarius ovat is bas iq ue rotundat is acuminat is s up ra

glabris n e r v i s v il losis exempt is subtus i n dum e n to de n so griseo - to m e nto so ta n de m dec iduo obtec t is ; p e t1o l 1

’

s l o n g i s val idis tomen tosis ;s tip ul is qua m peti ol i m ul to brev ioribus lanceo lat is de n se tomentosis171/10 7

'

esce71 t11s densifloris tomentosis i n axil l is sessil ibus ; brac te is

lanceo lat is acuminatis iloribus brev ioribus tomen tosis ; ca lyce cupul i

fo r m e de n se h ir suto lobis lanceolat is tubo m u l to longioribus coro l l a?

tubo calyce c i r c i te r duplo l ongiore o r e d i latato v il losulo lobis pate nt ibus ovat is acut is do r so v illosis ; s tan11n 1bns inc lusis i n f ra o s affixisfilament is brev issimis ; s t11/77zate b ifido ; ovar z

’

o 2 - loculare.

H a l) . Po r tugues e Co n go , a m o n g you n g upg r ow t h a n d sk i r t i n g t h efo r e sts at Be l i ze , Ma io m be ; G osswe1l e7' , 75 50 ! 701 3 !

A da r k -g r ee n s h r ub up to 2 m et r es h ig h . B r a n c h es h o r i zo n tal ,ext r e m i t i es coppe r - r ed befo r e flow e r i n g . Leaves up to 23 x 16 c m . ,

w i t h 2 41— 30 ve i n s a n d h a v i n g a de n se fe lted i n du m e n tum o n t h e u n de rs ide . T h i s i n du m e n tu m i s ul t i m ately dec iduous , a n d w h e n i t h asfal l e n t h e n e r ves of t h e l eaf fo r m a p r o m i n e n t n etw o r k . Stipu l es2 c m x 8 111m. Pet io les up to 8 c m . Ca lyx deepl y "

o fid, lobes 5 mn1.

l o n g . Co r o l la w h i te , tube 8 m m . l o n g , l obes about 2 m m . l o n g .

T h i s spec i es fo r m s a n additio n to t h ose “me m be r s of t h e g roupSess i les

,

” subge n us E n sabz'

cea (WernhamMo n og r ap h , w h ic ha r e exc eptio n a l i n h av i n g a n e r ec t h ab it . T h is c h a racte r

,toget h e r w i th

t h e fe lted inflorescences a n d b i loc ula r o vary~show afiinity w i t h

S . arborea K . Sc h um ,w h i c h , h ow eve r , diffe r s m a r kedly i n leaf a n d

calyx .

Sabicea fulvovenosa, sp. n o v . F rutex sc a n de n s c r eb r e 1amosus ;f o l 113 b1 ev ite1 petiolat is in teg1 is obovat ibus acuminat is bas i g1adat 1mangustat is sup1 a scab1 iuscul is v en isque pi lo s i s subtus i n n e1 v 1s s ubt il iter pubescent ibus fu l v i s ; s t1p 11l zs ovat is acuminat is hi1 sut is pet io lob1 evioribus ; 1

'

”

njl o7 es ee711‘11s sessil ibus axil lai ibus 5 - flo r i s bi ac teatis

h irsut is ; early/0 1s tubo pi loso l obis i'

naequal ibus late ,

t 1 iangulai ibus

acuminat is pi los i s tubo brev ioribus ; ca7'

o l l 1e tubo calycem m ul toexced

'

e n te infundibulari extus de n se se r iceo - v i l loso lobis ovato - lanceo

lati s int rinsecus hirsu tis ; s l a 7711n1bz1s inc lusis filamen tis breviss imis ;s t ignmte 4 - 1

'a m oso ; 4 - locula1'e.

f l ab. Po r tuguese Co n go ; co m m on i n t h i ckets a n d appea r i n g i naba n do n ed n ati ve pla n tat io n s , at Ca io -Rio, Lufo -Ho m be r egio n ,M a i ombe ; G osszcez

’

l er, 7887

'

A m uc h - b ranc h ed c l i m be r . B r anc h e s b r ow n i s h pubesce n t . Leave s8—1

'

0 x 4—5 c m . w i t h 16 18 ve i n s . Peti ol es — 2 c m . lo n g . Sti pul es6 x 4 m m . In tlmescence a 5 - flow e1ed cy m e ; eac h flow e r e n c losed i na pai r o f h a i ry bi ac ts ; t h e w h o le w i t h i n a n oute r pa i r of b rac ts .Calyx 6 m m . lo n g . Co r o l la w h i te, about 2 c m . l o n g ; lobes 3 mm.

l o n g .

NE W 1 110 11 10 1 1. ararc ax nuan c e s 87

T h e few - flow e r ed se ss i le i n flo r esce n c e plac es t h i s spec i es a m o n gt h e Sess i l es ,

” s ubge n us E usab1cea . Wi t h i n t h i s g ro up i t s affi n i t iesappea r to be w i th t he Ame r ica n spec i es S . glabres cen s B e n t h .

Urophyl lum caul ifl orum, sp. nov . F rutex a basi 1'amosus ; f o l 11sel l ipt ico

- lanceo lat is acuminat is integris bas i gradat i m angus tat is

bre viter pet io lat is chartaceis ut rinque glabris p r i m o glauc is deinde

o l ivaceis ; s t1p z1l 1'

s pet io l is subw qu i longis lanceo lat is st riat is ; Lil/7121'

spauc i s mul t itloris e t r u n co b r e v i val ido efo l iato oriundis ; ca lyce t r u ncato cupul ifo r m e ; corol la? lobis tubo m ulto brev ioribus ; s /a nzin ibns

inc lusis paul lo i n f r a o s coro l lae atfixis filament is brev ibus an t heris

acuminat is ; s fyl o i n c luso s tig m ate bi- r a m oso ; o var z’

o subglobo so

4 - loculare .

H a l) . Po r tuguese Co n go ; i n s h ady h u m id fo r ests betw ee n t h er i ve r s Be l ize a n d Lua l i ; G osswe1l e 7' , 7661 7662 !

S h rub 1 m et r e h i g h . Mai n ste m s h o r t. r obust, 12 c m . i n d ia m .

,

sw o l l e n w h e r e t h e inflorescenccs a r e bo r n e . B ra n c h es te r ete , s t ra i g h t ,asce n di n g

, up to 1 c m . d ia m . Stipul es 2 m m . Co r ol lav io l et - blue , tube about 1 3 c m . l o n g , l obes 3 m m . lo n g . A n t h e r sn ea r ly 3 m m . lo n g . O va ry 3 m m . i n d ia m .

A ve ry d ist i n c t spec i es , eas i ly r ecog n i sed by t h e caul ifl o r ous h ab it ,u n ique 111 t h e ge n us .

Urophyl lum b il oculare, sp. n o v . A rbor py ra m idal i s copiosera m osa f o l 11s brev iter pet iolat is integris lanceo lat is acuminat is apic eobt usis bas i cuneat is ut rinquc glabris ; s tip ul is pet io l is zequilongis

t riangularibus ac uminat is ; cog/ 7711s subsessilibus pln ritloris ; ca lf/re

ca m pa n u lato dent ibus minut is przedit o ; cor o l l a? tubo ca lyc e duplolongiore o re v i l loso lobis patent ibus ta n de m reflexis ; s fmnin i/ms

exsert is sinubus loborum coro l lae atfinis ; 117111711 71 3 subsessil ibus subco rdat is acut is ; s t igma te b i lobo le h i s o vat is obtusis ; 2 - lo culare .

f l ab. Po r tuguese Co n go ; i n mived fo r es t o n t h e ba n ks of t h eRi ve r Lufo , Ho m be r egio n , Mai o m be , G osswe il er , 7683 !

A t r ee up to 15 m et r es h ig h . B r a n c h e s s h o r t . Lea ves up to15 X 5 c m .

, w i t h 12— 114 ve i n s , w h i c h a r e r a t h e r m o r e c r owded towa rdst h e base of t h e leaf . Stipules 5 x 3 111 111 . Cal y x ve ry sl i g h t lyr i bbed below t h e teet h , about 2 m m . l o n g . Co ro l la yel low i s h - g r ee n ;tube 5—6 m m . l o n g ; l obes 44—5 m m . l o n g .

G osswe il er , 7600 ! f r o m Be l i ze , Maio m be , a ppea r s to be ide n t i ca lw i t h t h i s desc r i pt io n , but h as t h e h ab i t of a s h r ub and pu r pl is h - r edflow e r s . At p r ese n t t h e r e see m n o g ro u n ds fo r co n s ide r i n g i t as

o t h e r t h a n a fo r m of U. bil oculare .

T h i s spec ies i s r e m a r kab l e i n hav inga b i l ocula r o va r y — a c h a racte ri solati n g i t f r o m t h e r e st of the ge n u s ; apa r t f r o m t h i s i ts aflin it y

appea r s to be w i t h the A s ia ti c s pec i es U gh/1777 1 771 “’a l l . I t i s o f

i n te r es t to n ote t h at Hiern i n Fl o r . T rop . A f r . i i i . 72 desc r ibesU . Afbe l izfiH i e r u as h av i n g an i n co m pl etely -t - ee l led o varv

,2 - c e l led

a t o n e end .

T h e spe ci111c11s .eited are i n t h e Nati o n a l He r ba r ium .

88 1 111: JOURNAL or BOTANY

GE NTIANA SUE CICA FROE L.

BY C . E . SAL M ON , B .L .S .

IN 1796 F r oel ic h (D e G e71t1a71a l 1l7e l l 11s, 92 ) subd i v ided G . 011771

[ res t r is L. i n to t h r ee va r i et i e s— 3 110 0 10 11, germanz’

ca ,a n d neop o l itana

w i t h t h e l ast w e a r e not now c o n ce r n ed . T h e m o r e i m po r ta n tc h a r ac te r s of t h e ot h e r tw o a r e h e r e t r a n s lated a n d co n t r asted

S z1ec 1'

ca . S tem s i m pl e , beco m i n g pu r ple , w i t h t h e s eco n d d i v i s i o nl o n ge r t h a n t h e r es t . R oot - l eaves l o n ge r t h a n u ppe r s te m - l eaves .L ower stem- l eaves l i n ea r , a l i ttl e b roade r tow a rds t h e apex , r ou n dedo r obtuse ; 7711

’

1l 1l l e , la n c eo la te , obtuse ; upp er , d i la ted below , o vate ,rat h e r ob tuse . Ca l i/11

“

w i t h t h e t w o la r ge seg m e n ts o va te,obtuse .

Cor o l l a tube a s lo n g as ca l y x ; l obes ova te , obtuse .G o r en/7110 11 . S tem s i m pl e o r b r a n c h ed below ,

g r ee n o r bl u i s hg r een , beco m i n g pu r pl e a t t h e ba se . R oot - l eaves m uc h s m al l e r t h a nste m - l ea ve s . L ower s te771- l e11 11es o vate obtuse , n a r r ow at t h e ba se ;upper , ses s i l e f r ee at t h e base , o vate , ac ute . Ca lyx w i t h t h e t w ola r ge seg m e n ts s ubco rdate o r o vate

,acute . Coro l l a tube a l i ttle

s h o r te r t h a n calyx l obes o vate , r o u n ded at apex .

I n 1892 S . M urbeck (Ac t . Ho r t . B e r g . i i . n o . 3 , 10) adopted t h e set wo va r ie t i es a n d ra i s ed t h e m to t h e r a n k of s ubspec ies w i t h t h efol low i n g d iag n osesSUEC ICA . C1111 l 1s , adj ec to pedunculo fl o r i s te r m i n al i s , ex 1n ter

7zo1l 11s 3— 5 cons tr 11ct11s i n te r n odia fol iis plerumque 77111l to l o71y1ora ;r a m i plerumque s t r i c te erect i, uni ve l pauc iflori. Fal z

'

a caul ina

m ed i a et s upe r io r a l 1711/111111‘a vel o l l onga , vel sup r e m a o vate - lanceo

l ata , i n ap ic e r 0 1‘71711/at11 ve l obt 11sa ,modo s u m m a acut iuscula ; caul ina

m edia e r ec ta v el e r ec to - pa tula . Stig m ata o vata . Flo r et a m ed iom e n se Ju n io ad finem Ja l i i , in regionibus alp i n i s maximeque septe nt rional ibus et ia m Augusto .

”

G ER M ANICA . C1111 l 1s , adj ec to pedunculo flo r i s te r m i n al i s , ea:

171 terno1l11s 4—8 cons tructas , i n te r n od ia fo l iis sabbrem'

ora ve l paul l o

10 71910 77 1 ; r a m i ercc t i vel suberec ti, pauc i ve l pluriflora. F 0 l 1'

a

caulina m ed ia et supe r io r a lan ceolata ve l ovata- l an ceol a ta ; i n apic epl us m i n u s acata ve l sum m a ac uti ss i m a . S tzgmata la n ceolata .

Flo r et a line m e n s i s Jul ii usque i n Septembrcm.

”

W . H . B eeby , i n Jou r n . Bet . 1894 , p . 1 , cal l ed atte n t i o n toMurbeck

’

s va luable a r t i c l e , a n d gave a r é s 117ne'

of h i s s tud i es : s11ecicai s n oted by B eeby as “ n ot k n ow n a s B r i ti s h , but he me n t i o n st h at one of [ h i s] S h etla n d gat h e r i n gs app r oac h e s i t i n i ts v e ry lo n gi n te r n odes . ”

I n 1896 11. VVet t stc in (D enk sch . Mathemat .-Naturw iss . Kaiserl .

Akad . “f issensc h . l x i v . i n h i s hl o nograph o n the E u r opea nfo r m s of the JCndot richa s ec tio n of G'en t1117111 , w h ol e h ea r ted ly fol low sN urbc ck as r ega rd s the t w o pla n ts u n de r d i sc uss i o n , a n d r epeats h i sd iag n os is p rac t i ca l ly w o rd fo r w o rd ; but he o m i ts e n t i r ely t h e co nt ras t ing c h a racte r s r espec ti n g the crec tness of b ra n c h es a n d t h e i rflo w er-bea r i n g capabi l i t i es .

D r. M o r beck r ece n tly exam i n ed so m e B r i tis h exa m pl es o f G e n tia n st h a t I h ad co l l ec ted

,and has de te r m i n ed as G . suec 1ca so m e spec i

GENT IANA SUEC ICA 89

m e n s gat h e r ed i n v .c . 89 E ast Pe r t h , n ea r t h e Spi ta l o f G l e n S h eei n J uly 1912 . G at h e r i n gs i n 1902 i n v . .c 97 West e1 ness

,n ea r

Ba n a v ie (In ve r n es s ) a n d o n t h e s h o1 e of Loc h E il (A1gyl l ) , a1 e, h eco n s ide r s

,i n te r m ed iate betw ee n 8 71e c1c11 a n d

I n B eeby’

s hei barium at t h e Sou t h Lo n do n Bota n i ca l I n sti tute ,s pec i m e n s col l ec ted by h i m in v . .c 1 12 S h etla n d , a t H i l l sw i c k Nes s ,Nor thmaven ,

i n 1896 , h a ve bee n dete r m i n ed by Wettste i n a s G . sne

c1ca va r . 1s la71 1l 1ca M 1i1b . M urbeck’

3 o r ig i n a l desc r i pt io n ( l . c . ru n sPla n ta 41 10 c m . a lta ; fo l ia caul ina m ed ia oblo n ga

,qua m i n typo

m i n u s obtusa, caulina supe r io r a o vato la n c eol ata , acut iuscula ve l

acuta . T h i s pla n t i s n o t i n c l uded by D r. D 1 uc e i n h i s “ F le ia

Zet landica (Rep. B . E . C . v i . pp . 3 , 45 7— 546 ; T h e Co n t in euta l d i st r ibut io n of G . suecz

’

ca i n c l udes I ce la n d , Fa r o e I s la n d s ,No rway , Sw ede n , Fi n la n d , D e n m a r k , a n d G e r m a n y

,w h i l s t the

va r . 1s lan 1l 1ca occ u r s i n Ic e la n d and t h e Fa r oes . Pe r h ap s bota n i stsw i l l exa m i n e t h e i r h e r ba r ia a n d r epo r t w h et h e r s 11e c1ca l u r k s un sus

pec tedly t h e r e i n . Hav i n g fi r s t sati sfied t h e m sel ves t h at t h e i r p la n tsco m e u n de r G . ca771pes tr 1s a n d n o t G . b11l t1ca , o n accou n t of t h eb ie n n ia l ( n o t a n n ua l ) h ab i t , t h e spat h ulate b r oade r a bove t h e m iddl ebasal l ea ve s— n o t o vate o r la n c eo late broade1 at o r be low t h e m idd le ;t h e u sua l ly lo n ge r ce i ol la w i t h tu be m o1 e exsei ted, etc . t h ey mayt h e n look fo r t h e mo r e obv ious cha1ac te1 s of sz1ec1ca— t h e lo n g i n te1n odes a n d t h e 1 n o1 e obtuse a n d st iap

- s h aped ste m lea ves .Just as G . Anzare l la L . h as two fo r m s— G . l 1nyn lata C . A .

Agardh , o n ly r ep r ese n ted i n B r i ta i n by its var . p ra’ coa

' Tow n s .( s u m m e r fl ow e r i n g w i t h few i n te r n odes a n d bl u n t ste m - l ea ves) and

G . ax 1l lar1s Sc h m idt (autu m n fl ow e r i n g w i t h m a n y i n te r n odes and

ac ute ste m l eaves ) , s o a l so 11as G . canzpes t 7 1s a n a logous fo r m ss 11coio11 a n d 70 7

7

771a711ca— w i t h s i m i la r cha1ac terist ics .

Mui beck (op . p1oposes t h e n a m e G . We t ts te1n 11'

f0 1 t h epla n t of ou r c h al k dow n s u sual ly k n ow n by VVil ldenow

’

s n a m e

yer/771117110 11, but t h i s s ugges t io n h as bee n ge n e ra l ly adopted .

1 s h ould be pl eas ed to exa m i n e a n y doubtful G . camp estris fo r m sw h ic h m ay be sent m e .

SHORT NOTE .

CERA STIU M TETRANDRUM Cu l t . C111 t is i n h i s miginal descript io n of t h i s spec i es (Fl .l .Lond fasc . v i . 1796— 8 m e n t i o n s t h ati ts stems , pedu n c l es , a n d cal vx a1e al l m oie o r le s s v i sc id . Sy m e

(E ng. Bot . ed . 3 , i i . 1801) desmibes the w h ol e pla n t a s \ c i v

v i scous , t h ic k ly cov e1 ed w i t h s h o1 t sp r ead i n g haii s , cac l 1 t e r m i n atedby a st ic kv gla n d ”

M ui beck i n h is va l uab l e pape r dea l i n g w i thse varal c 1 itica l spec ies of t h i s g e n us (Bo t . No t ise l , 1898 , L517 ) as t ribcsto the c h a racte r m e r a l l e r 111i n d r e k l ibblmi igr

(mo i e o r le s s g l indul n - zh iirv ) . AS t Il C '

S t l l l t l nd ( 11 1 10 11110 1 (S r n . M it tc leur . b l . v . Abth . l ‘) l 8 desu ibe i t as

“ d i i'

l siU be h aa r tD r uc e ( i n Cambr . B r . Fl . i i i . gi \ es “ s h oo t ve r r v i sc id

90 1 11 1: JO URNAL or BOTANY

w i t h gla n dula r h ai rs . T h e r e i s t h u s a ge n e r a l co n se n su s o f Opi n io n ,at h o m e and ab road , t h at C . l e t 7'1171 1l 7' 11 771 s h ou ld be p r ov ided w i thgla n d ula r h a i r s i n m o r e o r l es s abu n da n c e ; and i t was o n ly w h e nCo lo n e l H . H . Jo h n sto n s e n t m e , las t yea r , a line se r ie s of w h at wasu n doub ted ly t h i s spec i es f ro m t he O r k n eys , t h at I saw t h a t t h i sd iag n os i s c o u ld n o t c o ve r so m e of h i s gathermgs . T h ese pla n ts w h i chare o fte n of a d i ffe r e n t s h ade of g r ee n f r o m o rd i n a ry te17 '

11711l 1' 11 771

(ow i n g to t h e n o n - ad h e r e n c e of d us t, pa r ti c l es of sa n d , may,I t h i n k

,be sepa rated as va r . E G LAND ULO S UM w i t h t h e fo l low i n g

d iag n os i sCaul es pedu n c u l i cal vcesque b i r t i n o n glandulo si ; caete r a ut in

type .

A s i f to m ake up fo r t h e loss of the gla n ds , t h ose pla n ts t h at lac kt h i s p rotec tio n s e e m to p r oduc e as a r u le a g r eate r abu n da n c e oflo n ge r s i m pl e h a i r s t h a n i n t h e type . T h e va r iet y i s p r o bably n otu n co m m o n ; I h ave see n spec i m e n s f r o m t he fo l low i n g loca l i t i esv . .c 2 . 6 0 7 71 1ml ] , E . ; wal l top , Tregant le , n ea r A n to n y . T. R . A .

B 7 1.

1/ys . v . c . 3 . D e von , S . ; wa l l n ea r t h e Ho e , P ly m out h ; n ea rMou n t Batte n , Plymst-oc k ; B laxto n , Ta m e r to n Fo l iot . T. R . A . B .

v .c . 10 . Is l e of N i n h a m Heat h . A . G . flf ore . v .c . 4 5 .

P embr oke ; Newgate Sa n ds . H . JV. R i1l l ey. v . c . 109 . C111l /1 71ess ;coast betw ee n D u n beat h a n d Be r r i eda le . G . L 1l l 1e . v . c . 1 11 .

O rk ney; m a n y s tat i o n s . H . H . Johns ton . v . c . 1 12 . S bef l 11711l ;G l u s Voe ; Nes s , No r t h Ye l l ; Po i n t of Sataford, Unst . R . 1 1 .1te

Ire l and . Co r k ; wal l n ea r Co r k . I. 0 117 1 0 11.

t h e e xcepti o n o f t h e p la n ts f r o m v . c . 109, al l t h e abo ve a r ei n Hb. Mus . B r i t — C . E . SAL M ON .

RE V IE WS .

A S upp l emen t to F . [ Iamz'

l fon D avey’

s F l ora of Cornwa l l . ByE D GAR T JIURS '

I‘O N , a n d CHA M B RI

’

: C . V i s t a s ,Ca n tab . Repr i n ted f r o m .

'Iou1 nal of t h e Roval In st itut io riof Co r n w al l , vo l . xx i . S ve

,pp . xx

, 172 . Tr '

,u1 0 B lackfo rd , 1922

[ n ot p r i c ed] .

IN t h i s Supple m e n t i s b r oug h t toget h e r a l l t h at has bee n publ i s h eda n d obse r v ed s i n ce t h e i ssue of t h e Flo ra i n 1909— w h i c h was

re v i ew ed at so m e l e n gt h i n t h i s Jou r n al f0 1 t h a t vcai — a n d bea r st e s t imonv to t h e e n e r gy of t h e compi l e i s and of tho se w ho h aver

‘endc 1ed i t poss i bl e to pi oduce so considei able a l i s t . T h e ac tua ladd i t io n s

,as tabu lated i n t h e i n t r oduc tio n , i n c l ude a spec i es fo r m e r ly

r eco rd ed a s doubtful a n d 23 u n r eco rded ,w i t h 142 “ va r i et i es o r

fo r m s and al i e n s ( spec i es o r va r i et i e s ) m a i n ly de r i ved f r omt h e Repo r ts of t h e Bota n i c a l E xc h a n ge C l ub , w h i c h de vote m uc hspac e to s uc h r eco rd s : ma n y of t h e fo r m e r , w e t h i n k , are of doubtfu l val u e

,a n d w e fai l to see w h at i s ga i n ed by publ i s h i n g cas ua l

occ u r r e n c es o n “ fow l - r u n s ”and “ ba l last - h eaps . I t i s i n te r est i n g

to n ote t h at r ec o rded i n t h e Flo ra as ex ti n c t,s t i l l occ u r s in

t wo local i t i es .Tu r n i n g o ve r t h e ext ravaga n tl y p r i n ted pages , o n e o r tw o po i n ts

s uggests t h e m se l ves fo r co m m e n t . T h e spec ie s of F 1177z117'111—a ge n us


9 2 TH E JO URNAL o r Bo'

v

tabl e ac ids,fats , a r o m ati c c o m pou n ds , p r ote i n s , glucos i des , a n d pla n t

bases . A ge n e ra l a cc o u n t of t h e c h e m i st ry a n d d ist r ibut io n of eacht y pe of s ubs ta n c e p r ec edes t h e ac tua l expe r i m e n ta l de ta i ls

, w h i c h a r el uc id bu t u n fo r tu n ate ly p r i n ted in s m al l type . I n m ost cases t h es tudy of t h e pu r e p r oduct i s fi r s t u n de r take n , to be fo ll ow ed by it sdetectio n i n o r extrac t io n i n a pu r e fo r m f r o m t h e pla n t ; a n d fo rt h i s latte r pu r pose a n um be r of a lte r n a t i ve m ate r ia ls a r e u sua l lye n u m e rated . One i s i n c l i n ed to feel t h at i n t h e expe r i m e n ta l pa r tt h e aut h o r 11as ad h e r ed too st r o n gly to t h e pu r e ly c h e m i ca l s ide .A l t h o ug h t h e opt i ca l p r ope r t ies of ca r bo h yd rates a r e r efe r r ed to i n t h ege n e r a l d es c r i ptio n , t h e r e a r e 110 p rac t ica l i n st ruc t i o n s fo r te sti n gt h e m . Spec trosc 0 pic e xa m i n at io n of so m e of t h e pi gm e n ts studi edm ig h t a l so be u n de r take n , w h i l st i n t h e c h apte r o n co l lo ids , w h i c hm i g h t w e l l be e xte n ded

,m o r e t h a n a pass i n g r efe r e n c e to t h e ul t ra

n1icroscope se e m s adv i sabl e . I n c l us io n of suc h m atte r s w ou ld c o nsiderably

r i n c r ea se t h e useful n ess of t h e book .

I n t h e s ec t io n s dea l i n g w i t h t h e p h ys io l ogic al p r oces s es of t h epla n t o n e cou ld so m et i m es w i s h fo r a s l ig h t ly m o r e co n se r vat i v ea tt i tude . T h e vague n ess of our k n ow l edge r ega rd i n g t h e stage sl ead i n g to t h e p r oduct io n of ca r bo h yd ra te s i n p h otosy n t h es i s a n d t hes y n t h es i s of fats is sca r c e ly s uffic ie n tly e m p h as i zed . I n t h e lat te rpa r t of t h e book t h e r e a r e so m e u n n ecessa ry r epeti ti o n s (e . g. , pp .

14 7 ; pp . 139 , 14 1 , T h e o n ly topog rap h i ca l e r r o r noticed i snat i ve fo r “ n atural 0 11 p . 141 ( l i n e

A P l ain P l an tain : Coun try Win es , D ishes and H erba l Cures

f r om a 17 th Cen turyH ouseho ld MS . R ece ip t B oo le. A r r a n ged ,w i t h v a r iou s de tai l s , by R t ssE LL G EORG E ALE XANDER .

P r i n ted and publ i s h ed at S . D o m i n i c ’ s P r ess , D i tc h l i n g , SussexM C M XX I I . F ’ cap 8ve , pp . v i i i , 96 . P ric e 5s . , w r appe r ,

7s . 6d. cl ot h .

TH I S l ittl e vol u m e,w h i c h by i ts typog rap h y appeal s to t h e lo ve r s

of w e l l - p r i n ted book s , i s take n f r o m a m a n usc r ipt i n sc r i bed M adamS usanna A very,

H er B oole, May ye 12th A n n o D o m i n iApart f r o m i ts i n te r est a s a co l l ect io n of sev e n tee n t h c e n tu r y r ec ei pts

-ofte n of a ve ry elabo rate c h a rac te r— fo r w i n es , cakes , puddi n gs ,sal ves , wate r s , a n d t h e l i ke , t h e book i s notew o 1t hy fo r the ca r e w h i c hhas bee n bestow ed upo n i t . Bes ides a n i n t r oduc t io n o n t h e co n te n t so f t h e h e r b ga r de n and t h e gat h e r i n g of t h e m ed ic i n a l h e r bs w h i c h ,a s stated by a l eaflet i s sued du r i n g t h e w ar by t h e Boa r d of Ag r ic u l tu r e

,s h o uld be g row n i n t h i s cou n t ry , t h e r e i s a b r i ef b ibl iog rap h y

of “ books 0 11 pla n ts , ga r de n s , a n d do m esti c eco n o m y w h i c h may beco n su l ted w i t h adva n tage

,

” a n d n o tes 0 11 t h e pla n ts m e n t io n ed i n t h er ec e i pts . A m o n g the fonn e r w e n ote Jo h n Wesl ey ’ s P r imit iveP hys ic ( 1769 ) i n w h i c h

“ h e c h i efly deal s w i t h m ed i c i n es m ade f r o mnati ve E n gl i s h pl a n ts

”; a n d a m o r e r ece n t vol u m e by D r . W . T .

Fe r n ie— Il e rba l S imp l es app ro ved/or mode rn uses of care ( 1895— 7 )w h e r e i n “ t h e a ut h o r j u stifies t h e u se of h e r bs as the bas is of c h emica la n alys i s .

T h e notes o n t h e pla n ts a r e so w el l i n te n t i o n ed a n d so i n te r es t i n g

A PLAIN PLANTA IN 93

t h at w e ca n n ot but r e gret t h at t h ey w e r e n ot sub m i tted to a bota n i s tb efo r e publ icat io n . A l t h oug h

“ i n te n ded to be of ge n e ra l n o t sc ien

t ifi c i n te r est,” t h e aut h o r w ould , w e a r e su r e desir e t h at t h ey s h ou ld

be co r r ect,a n d t h i s u n fo r tu n ately i s n ot alw ays t h e ca se . T h e fac t

t h at two ve ry d iff e r e n t pla n ts bea r t h e sa m e E n gl i s h n a m e i s so m et i m es r espo n s i b l e fo r t h i s : t h u s Pe l l i to ry (Ana cyc l us Pyr efl i r nm)a n d Pe l l ito ry of t h e Wal l (P ar ie tar ia ) a r e t r eated as i de n t i ca lSaff ro n i s defined as t h e r edd i s h p r oduct o f t h e Meadow Sa ff r o n o rAutum n a l C r o cus . ” Rosa Sol i s ‘Ros e of t h e Su n i s s u r e ly am i sp r i n t o r a m i s r ead i n g of R es S ol is , t h e n a m e of t h e Su n dew ; a n dw e ventui e to doubt w h et h e r t h e co rd ia l Rosa So l i s w as o r i gi n al l ym ade f r o m o r flav ou r ed w i t h t h e ju i c e of ” t h at pla n t . We suspec ttoo t h at Mada m Av eiy5 MS . has n o t a lw ays bee n accu rately t i

sc r ib ed,al t h oug h due al l ow a n c e m u st be m ade fo r 11 h at M r . Al exa n d e r

ca l l s t h e w r i te r ’ s i n co n seque n t ia l spe l l i n g : To rment i n a ( p . 34 )and Feathe1f eu (p . 35 ) a n d 0 11 t h e fo r m e r page , Balmea [Bal n ea]Ma r iae a r e exa m ples of w h at w e mea n ; Pragnie

”

(p . 35 ) as t h en a m e of a plan t i s new to us . T h e t itl e of t h e book i s expla i n ed bya r efe r e n c e to L ove

’

s Labour’

s L os t Or, S i r , a pla n ta i n , a pla i np la n ta i n . ”

BOOK -NOTE S , NE WS, ETC .

AT t h e m eet i n g of t h e L in n ea n Soc i ety o n Ja n . 18 M r s . Hel enaBandul ska r ead a pape r o n “ T h e Cut i c ula r St r uctu r e of ce r tai nD i cotyl edo n ous a n d Co n i fe r ous Lea ves f r o m t h e M iddle E oc e n e Flo i aof Bou r .n e m out h S i n c e few Angiospeims a1 e pr

”ese1 1 ed as pet r i

fac t-io n s , t h e syste m ati c pos i t ion of m a n y l eaf - 1mp1 essions c h aract eristic of so m e of the Bri t i s h Te1 tia1 ies i s st i l l Ope n to questio n .

Ce r ta i n E oce n e l eaves possess cuti c les , a n d i t i s h oped t h a t t h e i r c ut icu lar st ruc tu r e co m b i n ed w i t h t h e i r exte r n a l fo r m m ay a id ide n t i fi cat io n . I n t h e fi r s t pa r t of t h e pape r t h e n a m e D ictop lzg/l l um w as

p r oposed fo r d icotyl edo n ous leaves of u n certa i n affin i ty,a n d t h r ee ne w

Spec ie s— D . S l op es ii, D . Spica l atnm,a n d D . sz

’

nna izun— w e r e desc r ibedf r o m t h e i r c ut icula r s t ructu r e . The seco n d h a l f of t h e pape r deal sw i t h t h e cutic les of ce r ta i n foss i l co n ife r s w h i c h a r e co m pa r ed w i t hk n ow n r ece n t a n d foss i l fo r m s ; t h u s A rauear iz‘es G oepper l ii Ste r nbe r g i s co m pa r ed w i t h A r auca r ia s a n d Sequo ia s

,a n d i s t h oug h t to b e

a t rue but spec ifical ly di sti n c t Araucar ia , t h e e v ide n c e be i n g based0 11 i ts c ut ic u la r s t r u ctu r e . Sequoia Tonrna l ii Sap . i s s h ow n to beless l i k e S . semp er virens i n i ts c ut ic u la r st r uc tu r e than i ts ex t e r n a lfo r m w ou ld l ead us to suppose , and i s c e r ta i n l y spec ifica l ly d i st i n c t .Taxocl iumeurop ceum Sap . appea r s to r ese m bl e bot h T . dis /[ ch ina and

l lyp tostrobas i n i ts c ut i c u la r st ructu r e , wh i c h i s v e ry u n l ik e t h at oft h e Sequo ia s . I t w ou ld see m to be a spec ifical ly d i st i n c t bu t t r ueTaxodiumw h ose cut ic l e i s of a sy n t h eti c type .

At t h e m eet i n g of t h e sa m e Soc iety o n Feb . 1 , S i r N i c h ola sYermo lotf r ead h i s “ Notes 0 11 Clzfe l oceros a n d a l l ied ge n era . l i v i n ga n d foss i l ,

” of w h i c h t h e fo l low i n g i s a n abst raet z— T h e D iato mge n u s C/i ce toce ros s h ow s seve ra l pec u l ia r featur s .e I t has bee n big l i l 1d i ffe r e n t iat ed fo r pelagit l ife and oc cui s i n t h e pla n k to n s o f t liecolde r seas . so m e t i m es . es pec ial l 1 i n sp1 i n e i n t o lo s s i l a n i n h e i s .


So m e h u n d r ed l i v i n g spec ie s h ave bee n de sc r i bed, but o n ly s i x o r

s e ve n are co m m o n i n t h e p la n kto n s . T h e pa r e n t ce l l s,eac h co n s i st

i n g of t w o va l ves w i t h a h oop betw ee n t h e m,fo r m co lo n ie s

,h o ld i n g

toget h e r by m ea n s o f lo n g setae ; t h e s t r uc tu r e of t h e colo n y e n dow si t w i t h g r eat floati n g capac i ty . Tw o featu r es of t h e ge n us a r e espec ia l ly puzz l i n g : o n e i s t h a t se ve r a l of t h e s pec ies

,t h oug h n ot a l l , h a ve

t he capac i ty to de ve lop i n s ide t h e m ot h e r - cel l s pec u l ia r i n te r n a lo r ga n s , co ve r ed w i t h a t h i c k s i l ic eous w a l l ; t h ese o rga n s a r e ca l l eds ta tospores . No o n e h as e ve r s ee n t h e m ge r m i n ate, a n d w h et h e r t h eya r e o rga n s of r ep roducti o n , o r so m et h i n g l i ke endocysts, o r so m et h i n ge l se , i s n o t k n ow n . T h e ot h e r s t r a n ge featu r e 15 t h at al t h o ug h i t i sso i n fin i tely n u m e r ous i n t h e pla n k to n s , t h e m ot h e r - ce l l s , o r c o lo n i e s ,as s uc h , n e ve r appea r i n any

'

foss i l m a r i n e depos its . On t h e ot h e rh a n d

,t h e spo r es do appea r fairl v ofte n a s fos s i l r e m a i n s : fos s i l spo r es

of C'lzce toceros a r e to be fou n d f r eq ue n t ly e n oug h i n m ioce n e diat omaceous ea r t h s ; t h e m ost co m m o n fo r m i s Syzzclendr izun E lm,

w h i c hi s t h e spo r e of C. ( l iadema G r a n , ve ry co m m o n i n t h e pla n kto n s .Wby i t i s t h at t h e vegetative fo r m ca n n ot sta n d fossil i zat io n w h i l s tt h e spo r e can do so , i s n ot k n ow n .

IN t h e L ancas lzire and Cheshire N atura l ist fo r D ec e m be rJa n ua ry , hi r . W . H . Pea r so n gi ves a n i n te r esti n g accou n t of h i sv is its to D o lgel ley , t h e fi r s t of w h ic h oc c u r r ed fifty yea r s ago

,t h e las t

,

i n co m pa n y w i t h a pa r ty of b ryo logi s ts , i n August la st . 111 t h e cou r seof h i s pape r M r . Pea r so n has t h e fol low i n g pa ra g r ap h r e la t i n g toCa r r i n gto n a n d t h e i r fasc i cul i o f H epa ticae , w h ic h w e t h i n k mayi n te r es t so m e of ou r r eade r s About t h i s t i m e [1874 ] t h e E c c l e sCo - ope rat i ve Soc i ety i n augu r ated a sc h e m e fo r t h e educati o n of t h em asses , a n d D r. Ca r r i n gto n beca m e t h e teac h e r of a c la ss o n Bota n y

,

w h i c h [W. H . ] S ta n sfi e ld a n d I j o i n ed . A l t h o ug h suc h a d i st i n

guished c ryptoga m ic bota n i st , h e was of a s h y , r et i r i n g n atu r e , w i t hl ittle ab i l ity to teac h ge n e ra l Bota n y , a n d i n t h e co u r se of a feww eeks t h e c las s , w h ic h bega n w i th a m e m be r s h i p of 410 130 50 , dw i n d leddow n to t wo , Stansh

'

eld a n d m ysel f . T h e n Sta n s fi e ld ceased to co m e .D r . Ca r r i n gto n , I t h i n k ad m i r i n g m y pe r se vera n ce , i n v i ted m e to h i sh ou se

,and I bega n to take a n i n te r est i n Hepaticae . He t h e n

s uggested t h at I s h o uld h e l p h i m i n i s sui n g a Fasc i culus of Hepaticae,a n d as t i m e a n d labo u r w e r e of l i ttle m o m e n t t h e n , w e b roug h t ou tCa r r i n gto n a n d Pea r so n

’ s Hepat icae Britannicae E xs ic catae ,’w h e n I

cal l to m i n d t h at w e i ssu ed 60 Copi es of eac h Fasc ic u l us , a n d eac hFasc ic u l u s co n ta i n ed 75 spec i m e n s , fou r fasc ic u l i w e r e pub l i s h ed , and

spec i m e n s packeted a n d label l ed . We p r ese n ted h a lf t hec opi es to f r i e n ds w ho h ad co n t r i buted spec i m e n s , and to o t h e r hepat ic o logists , a n d t h e cost of b i n d i n g a n d p r i n t i n g l eft a few pou n ds tod i v ide betw ee n u s , a s I fi n d i n look i n g o ve r so m e o ld m e m o ra n da .

T h e Fasc i c ul i h a v e n o doubt bee n of se r v ic e to stude n ts , but t h e r e a r enum e ro us m i s takes , w h ic h I s uppose so m e aut h o r ity Wl l l take t h et r oubl e t o po i n t o u t so m e t i m e o r ot h e r . ”

AT t h e m eeti n g of t h e B r i ti s h Mycolog ical Soc i ety h eld o nJa n ua ry 20 at U n i ve r s i ty Col lege , t h e pape r s w e r e : D r. H . “formald , C r ow n G a l l i n Nu r se ry S tock ,

”w h i c h deal t w i t h t h e t umou r s

of t he c r ow n gal l type fou n d o n n u m be r s of cul t i vated pla n ts i n t h i s



IN B ot . Tidss lcrgf f , xxxv 11 . pa r t 5 M r . J . C lau se n co ne l udes t h e “ Stud i es 0 11 t h e Co l l ec t i ve Spec i es V io l a tr ico l or

t h e fi r s t pa r t of w h i c h appea r ed i n pa r t 3 . I n t h i s pape r (w h i c h i sw r i tte n in E n gl i s h ) h e d i sc u sses a t l e n gt h t h e va ryi n g c h a rac te r s ofV . tr ico l or a n d V . ar vens is ; h e co n c l udes th at the tw o a r e d i sti n c ts pec i es

,a n d d i sc u s ses w h at i s typ ica l fo r eac h

,w i t h i n te r est i n g n o tes

,

based 0 11 h i s ow n obse r vatio n s , 0 11 t h e geog rap h ica l d i st r i but io n inD e n m a r k . T h e pape r i s i l l ust r ated 1v1th n u m e r ou s figu r e s a n d s h ou ldi n te r e s t B r i t i sh bota n i s ts : M r . C lause n i s appa r e n tly u n a cqua i n tedw i t h D r. D r abbl e ’ s pape r 0 11

“ T h e B r i ti s h Pa n s i es ,” i s su ed as a

s upple m e n t to t h i s J ou r n a l fo r 1909 . T h e p r eced i n g pa r t (41) oft h e Tialss lcrif t co n ta i n s desc r i pt io n s of new Da n i s h H ieracia, by H .

D a h l stedt, a n d a n ex h aust i ve study ( i n D a n i s h ) of E mpetrumn iyrumby O . Hage r up .

THE Journ al of the Roya l H or t icul tural Society, x l v i i i . part 1

(Ja m ) , c o n ta i n s a n i n te r es t i n g pape r o n“ T h e Wi l t D i sease of M ic h ael

mas Da i s i es ,” by M r . W. J . D ow so n , Myco logis t to t h e Soc ie ty . T h e

d i sease i s caused by Cep lza l osp or iumAs ter is,w h i c h i s desc r i bed a s a

new spec i es . I t ac ts by t h e p r oduc t io n of tox ic substa n ce s a n d n o tby t h e m ec h a n i ca l bloc k i n g of t h e v essel s a n d t r ac h e ids by myc el i u m .

T h e m ycel ium of t h e pa r as i te i s l ocal i zed i n t h e base o f t h e p la n td u r i n g sp r i n g a n d ea r ly sum m e r , a n d does n ot occu r i n t h e s ucke r s .By s t r i k i n g c utt i n gs take n f r o m t h e ti ps of t h e suc ke r s i t was fou n dposs ibl e to ra i se h ea lt h y pla n ts f r o m d iseased stock .

THE la tes t fasc i c l e of t h e F l ora B atava (f . 4 10 0 —413 e Aple

vo r i n g ; M . N ijhoff,’

s G r a ve n h age , 1922 ) i s ma i n ly occupi ed w i t hcol ou r ed figu r es a n d desc r i ptio n s ( i n D utc h a n d F r e n c h ) of fu n gi , ofw h i c h t h e m os t i n te r es ti n g appea r s to be L ep io ta orlora/a Coo l , aspec ies d i sco ve r ed i n 19 16 i n t h r e e place s i n Ho l la n d . T h e r e a r e al sofigu r es a n d de sc r ipt io n s of Ru lnis lzir fif

'

o l ius , R . sul cafus , a n dR . L incl l eyanus , a n d of B o l ton ia as teroicles L

’

Hé rit . a n d N ico l ianaaj/in is T . Moo re , w h o se c lai m s to i n se r t io n r e st 0 11 the fi n d i n g ofs pec i m e n s n ea r a flour- m i l l a n d an o i l - m i l l r espect i vely ; t h e h i sto ryo f t h e latte r

,a pla n t o f ga r de n o r i g i n , i s d i s cus sed at so m e le n gt h .

IN t h e Gardeners’

Chron ic le of D ec . 23,1922 , M r . R . F .

“B rotherston g i ves a sketc h of t h e l i fe a n d w o r k of M r s . London (180718 58 ) t h i s i s s u ppl e m e n ted by M r . B r i tte n i n the i ssue fo r Feb . 10 ,

w ho speaks of her as “ o n e w ho i n h e r t i m e d id m uc h to adva n ce bot hbota n y a n d ga r de n i n g

,a n d w h ose m e m o ry m ay w e l l be r ecal l ed .

”

IN h i s r ec e n t Add it io n s to t h e Fl o r a of Sout h Aust ra l i a (T ra n s .R . Soc . S . Au st ral ia

,x l v i . 1922 ) M r . J . M . B lac k figu r es a n d

desc r ibes a new ge n u s of U m bel l i fe r a: Hydroco tyl ea) a cu r i ou s l i tt lep la n t w i t h t h e h abi t of D idiscus to w h ic h he gi ves the n a m eUl din ia, f r o m t h e n at i ve n a m e fo r Ooldea, w h e r e i t was fou n d .

THE Quar ter ly Summary of t h e Royal Bota n i c Soc iety fo rJa n ua ry co n tai n s t h e fi r s t pa r t of a l ectu r e 0 11 the flo r a of our new

T ropi ca l Af r ica n posse ss io n s , del i ve r ed by P r of . R. R . G ates befo r ethe Soc i ety i n No ve m be r last .


98 THE JOURNAL OF 110mm?

and ste r i l e . Spikes r at h e r de n se - flow ered a n d m o r e o r l e ss el o n gatedo r s h o r te r a n d lax - dow e r ed , asce n d i n g- patul ou s . Sp ike l e ts 1

- fiow ered.

O uter bra ct 141( r a r ely 15 ) 111m. l o n g , 0 . 2 m m . b r oad

,t r ia n gu la r

o vate, i obtuse, h e r bac eous , except fo r i ts rat h e r n a r r ow m e m b ra n o u s

ma r gi n , w i t h a n ap ic u l u s so m et i m es ex ceed i n g the m a r gi n h e r baceou spo r ti o n pube rul ou s . l lIiddl e bract 15 ( r a r e ly 1g) m m . lo n g , 0 .

( 11

a11

e ly 13) m m . b r oad , oblo n g- o vate , apex — r ou n ded a n d n otc h ed,

h ya l i n e w i t h t wo vei n s r u n n i n g to apex,

fi n ely pube rul ous pa r ti e nlarly 0 11 ve i n s , o n ly s l ig h tly exceed i n g oute r b rac t . Inner bract

e. 35 111111 . l o n g, 0 . 25 m m . b road , o va-l o r obo vate , —_obtu se w i t h r at h e r

na r r ow m e m b r a n ous m a r gi n , h e r baceous port io n api c u late (ap iculusso m eti m es exceed i n g m a r g i n ) ; b rac t fi n e ly pube rul ous i n c l ud i n g( u sual ly ) pa r t of t h e m e m b ra n o us m a r g i n , a l m o st t h r ee ti m es l o n ge rt h a n o ute r b r ac t . Bmcteo l e 0 . Ca lyx 4g

- 5 m m . l o n g,ve ry sl i g h tly

c u r ved,i n fu n d ibul ifo r m , ped ic e l v e ry s h o r t glab r o u s , m e m b ra n ous a n d

d i lated c . 33 m m . f r o m base ; calyx - lobes 0 . l i m m . l o n g,n a r r ow ly

ovate , ac ute , w i th acute tube v ei n s n ot 1each ing apex ; ca lyx 1at h e r1 egnlarly and de n se ly h a i ry o n r i bs a n d spac es w i t h sp r ead i n gasc e n d i n g h a i r s u p to base of lobes a n d usual ly upo n ve i n s in l obes .Coro l la c . 41 m m . i n diametei .

S . cance l l a ta B e r n h .

,w h i c h , i n c o m m o n w i t h our pla n t , i s c lot h ed

w i t h a fi n e pu besce n c e , d i ffe r s n oti c eably i n i ts s m al le r l e ss o r b i cu la rl ea ves a n d i n t h e b r a n c h i n g of t h e scape ; i ts sp i kel ets , too , a r e .

u s ua l ly tw o - flow e r ed w i t h m o r e acute b rac ts a n d o t h e r s m a ll e r d i st inc t ions ca n be noted .

D is tr ibution . Jugo - Slav i a ; D a l m at ia . Scogl io Po m o ! J u n e1911 . Scogl i o Ka m ik w estl . vo n L i s sa ! Ju n e a n d July 1911 and

19144 ; A . G inzberger a n d A . Teyber .

D r . G inzberger ( i n D ensksch . K . Acad . al r eady m e n ti o n ed ) s h ow s

(T . excel l e n t p h o tog rap h s of t h e ext r e m ely p r ec ip i tous Rock Po m o ,i ts c i r cum fe r e n c e o n ly 0 7 k m . and i ts h e ig h t 96 m . F igu r es 3 and41 0 11 T . 11. s h ow t h e s m al le r Rock Ka m i k , 04 k m . i n c i r cu m fe r e n c e

,

w i t h steep p r ec i pi tous coast . D r . G inzberger h a s k i n d ly se n t m e t h efol low i n g add it io n a l i n fo r m atio n .Ka m ik co n s i sts of w h i te -g r ey colou r ed Uppe r C r e taceous D o lo m i te

b r ec c ia T h e S tatice w as fou n d t h e r e sout h - eastwa rds , al l a l o n gthe s10 pe betw ee n 13 5 a n d 23 8 m et r es abo ve sea l e vel . I t w as

acco m pa n i ed by Cm’

thmum 771717 ztmmm L otus A l l ionzz D es v .

,a n d

S nafdafi uticosa F0 1 sk . Po m o co n s i sts of a da1 k g ree n g1 ey colou r edig n eou s r oc k of t h e Uppe r T r ias , “

an Augi te T h e S tatzceOc c 111 1ed o n t h e caste1 n s id e g l ow i n g w i t h C’

n

’

tbmumD aucus sp. ,

A lyssum l eucadeumG uss , Cen tamea 0 7 zt fzmzf o l ia V is .

C’. J abukemis G i n z . Teyb . , a n d x (1 110 7710 6729 3 Teybei . T h e

g1ow th bega n abou t 1 1 m et r es abo ve sea - l e v el ( m easu r ed perpendicularly) w hom t h e s m oot h steep rock ( s h ow n 0 11 T . i . f . 41, o n t h e1 igh t ) c h a n ges i n to a s lope of abou t w h i c h i s cove1 ed w i t h1 ubbish a n d ea .1 t h On t h i s s lope t h e pla n t exte n d s to a h eig h t o fabout 20 m et r es above s ea l e ve l . He 1 ema1 l<ed t h at i t was ve 1y

M iss M . C . Cro sfie ld , F .G .S . tel l s me that a brecc ia is a fo rmationco nsis ting o f angula r b locks , l ike a sc ree , hardened into r ock .

NOTE S ON STAT ICE 99

i n te r est i n g t h at Ka m i k a n d,

Po m o h ave t h i s S tat ice i n c o m m o n

(w h ic h i s w a n t i n g i n t h e ot h e r i sl a n d s ) , n o tw i t h sta n d i n g t h e g r eatd iffe r e n ce of t h e sto n e . T h i s appl i es to A l r ep z

'

s r apes-671a

'

s,w h i c h

,

w i t h t h e h yb r id Cen taurea 17 0 7710 577373 V is . >< F 71

7

'

der ici was desc r ibed b y A . Teyber, w ho gi ves a figu r e of t h eg rass

, in Ost err. bot . Ze it . 191 1 , 4157

E XPLANAT ION OF PLATE 567 .

1 . S tatice c es tita C . E . Sal m o n . f r o m Po m o ; (b) f r o mKa m i k ; 2 , oute r b r ac t ; 3 , m idd le b rac t ; 41 , i n n e r b rac t ; 5 , ca ly xa l l e n la rged fou r ti m es .

THE CAULE SCE NCE OF BE LLI S PE RE NN IS .

B Y 0 . C . LACAITA ,M .A . , E .L .S .

F E W spec i es h a ve bee n ,w o r se t reated by bota n i sts t h a n t h e

ub iqu i tous Dai sy . L i n n aeus ’ s defi n i t io n i s B e l l is s capo undo, n ot h i n gm o r e . T h i s i s obv ious ly w ide e n oug h to i n c lude t h e ve ry d i ffe r e n tB e l l is sil ves tm

’

s Cir . , to w h ic h t h e sy n o n y m of D odoens quoted byL i n n aeus s h o u ld p r obably be r efe r r ed . B e l l a

'

s (177mm, t h e o n l y o t h e rL i n n e a n da i sy, i s t h e n defi n ed as B e l l a

'

s mu l e subf o l ioso, t h e d i s t i n ot io n c lea r ly im ply i n g t h at B . p e7

1

e7z7zis i s ste m l ess , as o n a supe r fic ialv i ew i t see m s to be , and as i t i s desc r ibed i n m a n y flo ras .I t w i l l m ake m atte r s c l ea r e r to po i n t o ut t h at B . (177727751 i s a lw ays

an n ua l a n d usua l ly ve ry obv ious ly cau lesce n t B . sil vestr e’

s i s pe r e n n ia la n d h a r dly

,if at al l

,caul es c e n t B . p erenn is i s pe r e n n ia l a n d cau les

c e n t,fo r it always possesses a ste m ( n o t to be co n fu sed w i t h t h e

rh i zo m e) , al t h oug h i n t h e co m m o n E n gl i s h p la n t t h e i n te r n odes oft h e ste m a r e exceed i n gly s h o r t a n d t h e pedu n c les look l i ke r ad ica ls capes .T h e ea r l ie st h i n t of t h e caul escenee of B . p e7 e77777

’

s t h at I h a vebee n abl e to t1ac e i s i n Rel han ’

5 Fl . Ca n t . 321 ( 1785 ) s cap i un iflo r i

,interdum subfol iosi.

”Caulescence 11as bee n r ega rded by t h e

late r aut h o r s w ho h a ve m e n t io n ed i t as a n occas io n a l , r at h e r exc ept ional , featu r e . I t h as so m eti m es bee n t r eated a s a va r iati o n w i t h o u ta n a m e ; so m et i m es a s a va r i ety w i th a n a m e ; so m eti m es as co n stituti n g a d i sti n c t spec i es , suc h , fo r i n sta n c e , a s B . D C . i nLam. D iet . 0 1

1 as B . hydr ide Te n . By m ost of suc h aut h o r s theflow e r i n g pedu n c l es h ave bee n w r o n gly desc r ibed as ax i l la ry , o r so m eti m es as axil la1ya n d teiminal . Aga i n t h e r h i zo m e a n d ste m haw

bee n f r eque n tly co n fused ; Bab i n gto n speaks of t h e 1h izo111e a sequ i val e n t to a ste m ; Itouy says t hat t h e s te m s a1e sl 1o1 t and a l m os ta lways subte r r a n ea n , o n ly a l low i n g a pa1 t ial ly ae1 ial s te m to va1

can l escens .

”

T h ese state m e n ts a r e pa r tly due to supe r fic ia l a n d ca r eles s obse r vat io n

,pa1 tl y to the ext r e m ely a r tifi c ia l co n d it io n s of l i fe u n de r u h ich

the da isy 1s usual l y see n 0 11 ou r law n s , u h o1 e i t. i s defo1n1ed 111 ( 0 11

ti n n 11 m ow i n g a n d l ol l i n g . F 1eel v g1ow i n o i s 11 1 n om ea n s so ple n t ifu l o r so luxu r ia n t 111 E ngla n d a s it i s i n t h os e dis t 1 ic ts

11 2

100 1 11 1; JOU RNAL OF B OTANY

of sout h e r n E u r ope w h e r e t h e r e i s s uffic i e n t rai n fal l . T h e r e t h e dai sycan h a ve i ts n atu r al u n i m peded de ve lop m e n t , beco m i n g caul esc e n tand m o r e 0 11 l e ss bra n c h ed i n t h e late r stages of its yea r ly g r ow t h ,espec ial ly w h e r e t h e so i l i s f r ee . I t i s u n d e r such co n d i t io n s t h a tD r. E n r ic o Ca ra n o of t h e Bota n i c I n st i tu te of Ro m e , ass i sted by alady col league , D 1

1

. Va le r ia Bambacioni, has du r i n g t h e l ast few yea r ss ub m i tted t h e dai sy to a t h o r oug h sc i e n t ific i n vestigatio n , i n c l ud i n gexpe r i m e n ta l h yb r id i sat io n w it h t h e a l l i ed B . (171mma n d B . s il vestr is ,a n d w i t h spec ia l r efe r e n c e to t h e suppo sed spec ie s o r subspec ie sB . hybr ida Te n . A b r ief sum m a ry of t h e i r r es u lts appea r ed i n t h eAtti R . Ace . L i n ce i of Rome , xxx i . se r . 5 , i n August 1922 , u n de r thet i tl e “ Sop ra a l cu n i r i sul tat i d i r i ce r c h e co l tu r al i e d i espe r i m e n t i d iib r idaz io n e n e l ge n e r e B e l l is a ful l a ccou n t of t h e i r r esea r ches h asnow bee n publ i s h ed i n A n n a l i di B ota n i ca , x v i . fasc . 1 (Ja n . as

R i c e r c h e s u l ge n e r e B e l l is L . eon spec ia l e r i gua rdo al la B . hybr ida

Te n . ”

T h e fol low i n g a r e t h e p r i n c ipal co n c l us io n s a r r i ved at, w h i c h , I

may say , are i n a l m ost co m plete ag r ee m e n t W1th opi n io n s w h ic h I hadal r eady fo r m ed f r o m a muc h m o r e supe r fic ia l obse r vatio n of l i v i n g a sw e l l as d r ied spec i m e n s f r o m di ffe r e n t cou n t r ie s

( 1) I f w e exa m i n e the r o settes of l eaves (exc l udi n g t h ose ofseed l i n gs ) at t h e co m m e n ce m e n t of t h e yea r

’ s g r ow t h,tw o appa r e n tly

d i ffe r e n t c o n d i t i o n s beco m e appa r e n t . I n t h e o n e,seve r a l r o sette s

a r e co n n ec ted by a subte r ra n ea n a n d ofte n m uc h b r a n c h ed r h i zo m e ;in t h e ot h e r t h e r osettes a r e i solated , eac h w i t h it s ow n tuft of roots ,a m o n g w h i c h , h ow eve r , may eas i ly be see n t h e c i cat r i x of a n o ldr h i zo m e

,t h at has r o tted aw ay afte r y i el d i n g up i ts r ese r ve o f n ou r i s h

me n t to t h e sepa r ate i n d i v idual s t h us fo r m ed . T h e r h i zo m e i tse l fdoes n ot o r igi n ate u n de r g r ou n d , but , as t h e c icat r i c es of fo r m e r l eavest h at can be t rac ed o n i t s h ow , i s fo r m ed by su r v i v i n g po r tio n s of t h eae r ia l ste m o r ste m s of p r ev i ous yea r s , w h ic h by so m e age n cy h a vebeco m e bu r ied i n t h e so i l .

2) T h e fi r st flow e r to be t h r ow n up by eac h r osette i s ce n t ra l a n dte r m i n ates t h e scape O11 pedu n c le t h at ca r r i es i t . Ramificat ion t h e np roceeds by t h e de velop m e n t of vegetati ve s h oots f r o m t h e buds i nt h e ax i ls of t h e r o sette l ea ves . T h ese s h oots are m a r ked ly plagiot r op ic

,a n d so te n d to g row m o r e 0 1

1 l es s h o r i zo n ta l ly , s p r ead i n g i n ac i r c l e

,w i t h n oti c eabl e i n te r n odes , i n c o n trast to the ex ceed i n gly s h o r t

s te m of t h e p r ima r y c e n t ra l r osette . E ac h of the ax i l la ry s h ootsca r r i e s i n tu r n a t i ts ex t r e m i ty a s eco n d r o sette of l eaves , f r o m the

ce n t r e of w h i c h sp r i n gs a s i n gl e te r m i n a l flow e r i n g pedu n c l e . T h e nf r o m t h e ax i l s of t h ese seco n da ry r osettes t h e r e i s s ues , i n st r o n glyde veloped pla n ts , a n ot h e r s et of ax i l la ry s h oots , e n d i n g i n t h e i r tu r nw i t h a r osette of leave s a n d a ce n tral flow e r i n g pedu n c l e ; t h i s p roc essmay co n ti n ue i n defi n i te ly , ac co rd i n g to t h e v egetat i v e v i gou r of t h ei n d i v idual . I n t h e loo se but r i c h vo lca n i c so i l of t h e Ro m a n Campag n a a n d of the n ei g h bou r h ood of Naples— d is t r i c ts bot h of t h e mblessed w i t h a h i g h r a i n fal l— t h i s p r oces s i s fa r m o r e s t r ik i n g a n dmo r e eas i ly obse r ved t h a n i n d r i e r 0 11 c lose r so i l s , 0 11 i n le s s sti m u lat i n gc l i m ates . Suc h a r e t h e pla n ts i n w h i c h Te n o r e t h oug h t t h at h e saw

a d is ti n c t spec i es to w h i c h he gave t h e n a m e B . fa n cy i n g i t


102 r un Jounxxn or nor xx r

Hav i n g t h e b ra n c h ed l eaf y ste m s of t h e a n n ual da i sy a n d t h e du rat io na n d s tatu r e of t h e pe re n n ia l da i sy , i t m ay be co n s ide r ed a basta rdbo r n f r o m t h e c r os s i n g of t h ese t wo spec i e s .I n F ] . Neap . I’ rodr . Appx . iv . al so publ i s h ed i n 1823 a n d re

p r i n ted i n fo l io fo r m i n vo l . v of t h e F l ora IVap o l itmm, Te n o r egi ves a s h o r te r Lati n d iag n os i s caul ibus adsc enden t ibus basi 1amosis

fo liosis : peduncul is tl oriferis axil laribus longiss imis ; fo liis radica libus

e l l ipt icooblongis r e m ote profundeque dentat is , dent ibus acut is ;

caul inis oval ibus ve l spathulat is dentat is . Te n . Fl . Med . t . 2 . p .

T h i s i s r epeated,w o rd fo r w o rd

,i n t h e Biz/ [ l oge of 1 831 , p . 436 .

Te n o r e e v ide n tly desc r i bes a m uc h m o r e ex t r e m e pla n t t h a n i s m etw i t h i n E n gla n d 0 1

1 Ce n t r a l E u r ope . T h e t i m e of flow e r i n g ag r eesw i t h D 1

1

. Ca ra n o ’ s expe r i e n c e t h at s uc h de ve loped r a m ificat io n i s o n lyco m pleted late i n t h e seaso n , B . perenn is be i n g a ve ry ea r ly flow erer

i n t h e sout h . T h e state m e n t t h at t h e flow er- s tal ks a r e ax i l la r y i si n co r r ec t , as 11a s bee n explai n ed abo ve ; so i s t h e r ema r k about t h es i ze of t h e flowe r- h eads , w h ic h are p r ec i se ly t h ose of p eren n is , va ry i n gi n w id t h f r o m If to n ea r ly 4 c m . T h e deep a n d ac ute de n tat io nc la i m ed i s t h e except io n r at h e r t h a n t h e r u l e

,a n d va r i es i n t h e sa m e

i n d i v idua l ; t h oug h sout h I tal ia n exa m ples fa l l n atu r al ly i n to a b roadl eaved and a n a r r ow - l ea ved g r ou p .

Te n o r e ’ s suggest io n of h yb r id i ty,t h oug h qu i te u n te n able

,i s a

r e m a r kabl e o n e, fo r h e does n o t m ea n h yb r id i n d i v id ua l s , bu t a ne stabl i s h ed h e r ed i ta ry r ace o r i gi n a l ly de r i v ed f r o m the c r o ss i n g ofma n y i n d i v idual s of t h e p r esu m ed pa r e n t spec i es . T h i s w as a ve r yu n u s ua l co n c eptio n i n h i s days ; bot h i n his w o r k s a n d i n Gussone

’

s

i t i s suggested i n r espec t of so m e puzzl i n g i n te r m ed iates i n ot h e r

ge n e ra , bu t i n a n a m o r p h ou s w ayw i t h out p r opou n d i n g a n y t h eo r y .

We m ay at o n c e put as id e a n y n ot io n t h at t h e g r eat m ass of [lg/br idapla n ts co uld be i n d i v idua l c r osses , al t h oug h bot h perennis a n d anmmare p r ese n t i n t h e i m m ed iate v ic i n i ty of Naple s , because in so m eot h e r d i st r ic ts w h e r e 117/br ide. i s v e ry pl e n ti fu l

,ammo i s e n ti r e ly

abse n t . Nor w i l l t h e s uppos i tio n of a h yb r id r ac e h o ld w ate r in t h i si n sta n c e , fo r , apa r t f r o m t h e last- m e n ti o n ed difiicul ty,

Te n o r e ’ s717/br ide s h ow s 110 r ese m b la n ce at a l l to ( 171mm except i n be i n g ab ra n c h ed fo r m ; t h e s tate m e n t as to i n te r m ed iate s i ze of t h e flow er

h eads i s i n co r r ec t .Te n o r e k n ew bette r t h a n to p r opos e a c r o ss of s il ees frz

'

s w i t h

pe re nn is as the o r i g i n of his how could t h e pa r e n t-age of ap rac t ical ly ste m l es s spec i es l ike s el ves /71 719 p roduce t h e r equ i r ed r es u l t

‘

1’

T h is p re poste r ou s n otio n i s due to D ecando l le , who ( l’rodr . v . 305 )

r educe s Te n o r e ’ s spec i es to a va r iet y , n o t of 779 71

0 7771 711 but of 8 51110 3 171 13 ,w i t h t he r e m a r k “

omnino m ed ia i n te r B . p e rmuwm c t B . syl ves t remc t fo r t e ve r e h yb r ida i“ T h i s absu rd i ty was seve r ely c r i t i c i sed l o n gago bv J . Gay i n a MS . n o te 0 11 11 spec i m e n r ec e i ved f r o m Te n o r e a n dnew 111 He r b . Kenn ; fieurit au p r i n te m ps co mme l e B . p erenn is ,do n t il m e se m ble a pei n e po u vo i r é t rc d i s t i n gu é co m m e va r i été .

C'

c st done a to r t , s u i va n t m o i , que DC . le rappo r te co m m e va r . au

B . sg/[ ves l r is Cyr .

, qu i fl eu r i t cn auto m n e c t q u i est r ema rquabl e pou rson i n vo l uc r e a gra n des fol io l es h e r bac ées . Aofit 1839 . Lo r e t i sequal ly decided i n h i s Obs . c r i t . s u r quelques pla n tes Montpcl l ié raines

THE CAULE SCE NCE or BE LLI S’

PERENNIS 10 3

i n Rev . Sc i . Nat . i i i . 5 58 , w h e r e h e sugges ts t h at t h e pla n t u n de rD e cando l le

’

s eye w as n o t B . Izybr ida at al l . I t m ay h e r e be re

m a r ked t hat a lt h oug h B . sil ves t r is begi n s to flow e r a bout t h e end ofSepte m be r , i ts flow e r i n g seaso n o ve r laps t he begi n n i n g of p eremu s ,so that h yb r id i s m betw ee n t h e t w o i s n o t absol ute ly exc l uded by t h eg r eat d-itference i n t h e us ua l date of flow e r i n g . S o - ca l l ed s u m m e rfl ow e r i n g o f sz

’

l ves tr z’

s i s co n fi n ed to t h e uppe r m ou n ta i n s i n so ut h e r na n d ce n t r a l Ita ly , a n d i s m a r k ed by s m al le r less c h a racte r i s t ic i n d iv iduals tha n a r e see n low e r dow n i n a utu m n a n d w i n te r

,but t h e r e i s

n o t h i n g to s uggest t h at t h e se a r e h yb r ids .To r etu r n to D ecando l le

’

s e r r o r ; t h e r e m ay be a n ot h e r expla n at iont h a n t h at h i n ted at by Lo r e t. I t i s n o t i m poss i bl e t h a t D ecando l le

may h a ve m isapp r e h e n ded Berto loni’

s r e m a r k (Ma n t . I’ l . A lp . Apua n .

5 9, 1832 ) m ag n itud i n e part ium m edi a i n te r B e l l z

’

rlcmp e'

i'

emzem. et

B e l l idemsyl ves trem,

”w h i c h i s t rue as fa r as m e r e s i ze i s co n ce r n ed

,

but n ot ot h e rw i se . I n t h at w o r k Bert oloni r ega rded n o t o n lyB . lzybr ida , but eve n B . s z

'

l oestr z'

s as a va r iety of B . p er emzz’

s . T h eni n t he F l ora Ito l ica ( i x . 5 17— 5 19 ; 1853 ) h e r e i n s tates bot h s il

c e str is a n d hybr ida, as i n depe n de n t spec i es , but says of t h e lat te r“ m ed ia i n te r B . p er ennem et B . syl ves tr em,

” o m itti n g t h e w o rd sm ag n i tud i n e part ium,

” a n d t h us co m m i tti n g h i m sel f i n te n t io n a l l yo r u n i n te n t io n a l ly , to D ecandol l e

’

s m i stake . T h ese passages may

h a ve co n t r ibuted to fo r m B e n t h a m ’ s u n te n abl e V i ew as to t h e spec iiicide n ti ty of sil vestr is a n d p er enn is , o n w h i c h h e dw e l t i n h i s We l lk n ow n add r es s to t h e B r i t i s h As soc iat io n i n 1861 (see Nat . H i s t .Rev i ew

,i . p .

T h e au t h o r s who h a ve take n up B . [lg/br ide a s a s epa rate spec ies ,bes ides Te n o r e

,a r e Gussone

,Fl . S ic . Sy n . i i . 50 8 (1843 ) and Fl .

I n a r . 164 Berto loni, l oc . cit . Ca r u e l , Prodr . Fl . Tose .335 A r ca n gel i

, Co m p . Fl . I t . 3 -1-2 a n d Halaesy,F l .

(Jr. i i . 12 T h ey add n ot h i n g to ou r k n ow l edge . ex cep tG ussone

’

s r e m a r k t h at B . mmzm i s n o t fo u n d i n t h e i sla n d of Isc h ia ,

fo r w h ich h e r eco r ds B . peremzis a n d B . Izybr ida ,t h us r e i n fo r c i n g

t h e o bj ect i o n s to t h e h ypot h e s i s of a h yb r id o r i gi n .B . Izybr iila has bee n d i st r i bu ted i n t h e F1. I ta l i ca E xsic cata .

n o . 1 15 1 . T h e spec i m e n s w e r e c ol l ec ted b y m e at a spot w h e r e I h a velo n g bee n fa m i l ia r w i t h t h i s dai sy , at Rave l lo i n t h e p r o v i n c e o f

Sal e r n o,i n r i c h tu r f o n l i m esto n e

,n o t vo lca n i c so i l . A lt h oug h a l l

gat h e red w i t h i n a few ya rds of eac h ot h e r , t h ey va ry f r o m pla n t se x h ib i t i n g t h e ext r e m e fo r m desc r ibed b y Te n o r e to ot h e r s t h at m atc hE n gl i sh a n d F r e n c h “ s ubcau lesc e n t spec i m e n s . l h ave t h r ee e xa m ples i n m y h e r ba r i u m ,

o n e f r o m Ro m e , o ne f ro m l l a ve l lo . and o ne

f r o m s out h e r n Calab r ia,in w h i c h t h e r h i zo m e bea r s m a n y s te m s . m os t.

of t h e m b ra n c h ed and so m e ca r ry i n g as m a n y as s i x to e ig h t. flow e r

sta l ks . Cau les ce n t pla n t s p r edo m i n ate i n r i c h m o is t s i tuat i o n s i n a l lpa r ts of I ta ly w h e r e t he r a i n fa l l i s co n s ide rab l e , espec ia l l y i f t h e so i li s f r ee . I n d r ie r d i st r ic ts o r st ifl

'

er so i l s m a r k ed caulesc euee i s r ar e r .T h e ful ly de ve loped 113/brain , n o t o n l y cau lesce n t , but co n sp ic uou s l ybra n c h ed , i s less pl e n t i fu l i ts l uxu r ia n c e i s ob v iousl y due to copio usm o i stu r e a n d n ou r i s h m e n t i n a m i ld c l i m ate . l cmarkab ly cau lesc e n tpla n ts

,t h oug h n ot a tta i n i n g to suc h luxur ia n c e , occu r in ot h e r pa r t s

104 TH E JOURNAL or B OTAN Y

of t h e co n ti n e n t a n d a r e n ot i n f r eque n t ev e n i n E n gla n d,espec ial ly in

fi e lds of T r ifol i u m o n l i g h t so i l s . Su n d ry aut h o r s , fo r exa m pl e Rouy ,w a n t to d i sti n gu i s h t h ese f r o m hybrz

'

da , pa rt ly o n ac cou n t of t h em o r e devel oped ra m ific atio n in the Neapol i ta n pla n t, pa rt ly becau seof Te n o r e ’ s desc r i pti o n of t h e deep a n d acute toot h i n g of t h e leav eso f h i s spec i es . G o la (Pi a n te ra r . Fl . Pi e m o n te , i n Act . Sc i . Tu r i n ,1908— 1909 , 238 ) h o lds t h e sa m e Opi n io n a n d e ve n doubts w h et h e ra n y of t h e ca u l esce n t exa m ples f r o m uppe r a n d ce n t r a l I taly s h o u ldbe r efe r r ed to Tenore ’

s fig/br idal . On t h e ot h e r h a n d , Lo r et (Zoe. cit . )c o n s ide r s the spec i m e n s s ig n ed by Te n o r e h i m self t h at he has exa m i n edto be ide n ti ca l ( r es se m bl e n t co m plete m e n t ) w i t h t h e va r . cazd escensRochebr . t h at g r ow s i n d i tc h e s n ea r Mo n tpel l i e r , addi n g , l e s se ul sm ots prof unde den ta t is ne so n t pas appl i cabl es atou te s l es feu i l l e si n fé r i eu r es (of t h e Mo n tpel l ie r exa m ples ) , ma i s n ou s l es avo n s v uesva r ie r so u s cc rappo r t et se m o n t r e r a ssez souve n t profondementde n tées . ” Lo r et h a s al so a n n otated a F r e n c h spec i m e n i n He r b .

K ew . ;“ l a pla n t e de Te n o r e est exac te m e n t la n ot r e . C

’

est unes i m ple fo r m e du p eremzis qui s

’

al longe da n s l es fos sés h u m ides . On

a tous l es i n te r m éd iaires e n passa n t de l a ve r ge au fond du fossé .

”

I f B e l l is p erenn is w e r e r eal ly a s te m l ess pl a n t t h i s p h e n o m e n o n couldnot occ u r a s a m e r e co n seque n c e of bette r n u t r i t io n .

I t t h us appea r s t h at t h e ge n e r a l co n c lus io n of D r . Ca r a n o ’ s pape rhas bee n a n ti c i pated , t h oug h he a n d h i s lad y co l l eague h av e bee n t h efir s t to bas e t h at co n c lus io n o n a su r e fou n dat i o n . Yet , w h i l e re

ducing B . Izybr ida to a m e r e state of p ercmzis , t h ese aut h o r s r ecog n i s ea s t r ue va r i et i es o r subspec i es of perenn is su c h r ema rkabl e fo r m s as

var . f ayetorum Lacaita i n B ul l . Ort . Bot . Nap . i i i . 28 1 ( 1913 ) w i t ht h i n

,al m os t t ra n spa r e n t , glab r ous l eaves , t h at i n h ab i ts t h e mou n tai n

beec h - fo r ests above 1500 m et r es i n t h e p r ovin c es of Avel l i n o a n dSal e r n o , w h e r e t h e r a i n fal l i s ve ry h ig h , o r var .

'zzzrmzr/ar ifaef o l ia Hute rPo r ta R i go (p r o spec i e) f r o m sou t h e r n Calab r i a a n d Sic ily : re

m a rk i n g,n e ve r t h el ess , t h at i n favou rabl e co n d i t io n s t h ese va r i eti es ,

j u st l i ke o rd i n a ry p crennz’

s , a r e capabl e o f p r oduc i n g st r o n gly caul esc e n t pla n ts .

THE THAME S - SID E BRA881CA .

[T HE fol low i n g n ote f r o m P r of . L . H . Bai l e y ’ s pape r o n “ T h eCu lt i vated B rass i cas ” publ is h ed i n G en te s Il erbm'

um ( see p .

w i l l be i n te r esti n g to B r i ti s h bota n i sts , espec ial ly to t h ose w ho

possess t h e vol u m es of t h i s Jou r n al to w h ic h r efe r e n c e i s m ade . I tappea r s u n de r B rass ica Raina

— B D ]

IF t h e tu r n i p eve r sel f- sow s o r r u n s w i ld , w e s h ou l d expect thepla n t to be pot e n tia l ly b ie n n ial , mak i n g rad i ca l l ea ves i n a u tu m nf ro m seeds d isc h a r ged t h at yea r a n d se n d i n g up i ts flow e r - stal k s t h efo l l ow i n g seaso n . T h i s i s w h at w e find i n t h e T h a m es - s ide B rass i ca ’

t h at g r ew alo n g the T h ames r i ve r , E n gla n d , ma n y yea r s ago , a n d w asthe subj ec t of ca r efu l obse r vat io n by Hew ett C . Watso n a n d r epo rtedi n See m a n n ’ s J ourna l of B otany in 1869 ( vo l s . v i i . [346] v i i i .369

“]T h i s pl ant sti l l pe r s i sts , a n d I h ave r ec e n tly col l ec ted i t a long t h e


TH E JO U RNAL O F BOTANY

7 . L e canora pofyl ropa (E h rh . ) T h . F r . Mou n t E r ebu s .8 . P arme l ia ge ar/11 Darbish . Mou n t E r ebu s .9 . IV europ of/on 11ze l axnn t/1u111 (Ach . ) Nyl . Mou n t E r ebus .

P in/3 0 111 11 1'

1‘esce 11s Hue . Mou n t E reb us .

*II. B ucfiia C'lmr co t ii Hue . Mou n t E r e bus .

1 2 . B zw l l ia‘f r iyitla Ba r b i s h . Mou n t E r ebus .

’x‘13 . B ue l l ia 110 17 111717 1, sp. no v . Mou n t E r ebu s .

1-1 . A carospora chl orop /mna (Va g. ) Mas s . Mou n t E r ebus .* 15 . Ve rr zwaria Racoue

'

tzce \Va i n . E lep h a n t I s la n d .

I t w i l l be see n t h at fou r spec ie s a r e new to Sout h V i c to r ia La n d ,a n d n o n e

,to m y k n ow l edge

,h a ve bee n r eco rded prew ously fo r

E lep h a n t I sla n d .

Bacl lia pernigra,sp. n . T h al lus c rustaceus, sed be n e evolutus,

c onvo lutus, et tuberc ulatus , parmel iam quartam s i m ula n s . P r o tot h a l l us n igerrimus , sed v i x v isibil is , superficiem m i n ute r ugosu s .

M eta thal lus n igerrimus , t uberculatus , con vol utus, densissune apot hec iis spermogoniisque inst ruc t us . Apot h ec ia n igerrnna , ro tundata,

ad 0 5 m m .lata ; ep i t h ec i u m carbonaceum, pla n u m ,

aut rarius paul l o

Fig. l .-B11el l 1

’

a V e rtical section o f thal lus , show ing s truetur e of thal lus

,matur e and immatur e apothec ium, and spe rmogonium

magu . 75 .

c onv exum parathec iumearbonaceum; hypot h ec ium hyal inum sporze

o c t onze bic el lularcs aut rarius un icel lulares,fuscescentes , 0 0 10

0 1 112 x 0 0 06—00 08 m m . magnze . Spe r m ogo n ia be n e e vo l uta,o st io l is

inst ruc ta n igerrimis spe r m at ia r ecta, 0 003 x Q'

UOOS 111111 . magnz‘

e .

Hab i tat ad saxa a n ta r c t ica Mo n ti s E r ebus .T h e metathal lus i s v e ry blac k i n co l ou r , a n d i t a r i se s f r o m t h e

subst ratu m ab r uptly to a t h ic k n ess o f I to 2 m m . I t i s m o r e o r l es sc o n vol ute o r a l m os t f r u tic u lose . T h e r e i s n o c l ea r l y v i s i bl e p rotot h a l l u s at the m a r gi n , t h ou g h inunediate ly be l ow t h e edge of t h eo ve r h a n gi n g t h ic k metatha l lus t h e r e m ay be see n a ve ry t h i n blac kpo r tio n o f t he l i c h e n w h i c h w ou ld be t h e pro t o thal lus . T h e s m al ltube r c u la r po r ti o n s can be see n to a r i se f r o m t h i s pa r t T h e fewpla n ts obse r ved di d n o t e xc eed I c m . i n d ia m ete r . E xte r n a l ly apo

t h ec i a a n d ste r i l e po r ti o n s o f t h e met athal lus a r e eq ual ly q u ite black .

But t h e s ides of t h e u p r i g h t pi l la r s of the me tathal lus m ay occas iona l lyappea r so m ew h at l ig h te r . T h e st r uctu r e o f t h e metathal lusi s of t h e k i n d us ual i n spec ies of B ug /Zia . T h e r e i s a loose m edul la oft h ic k is h hyphae in c lose contac t w i t h t h e subst r atum . I t i s w h i te i n

CRYPTOGA M S FRO M THE ANTARCT IC 10 7

colo u r . On t h e u ppe r s u r face t h e metathal lus i s q u ite bla ck . T h es u r fac e i s co ve r ed w i th r e m n a n ts of t h e p r i m a ry co r te x and o ldseco n da ry co r tex w h i ch too i s l ig h t i n co lo u r . I t i s

,h ow e ve r , s uth

c ien t ly co n t i n uous n ot to p roduce a flaky o r p r u i n ose i m p r es s io n .T h e bla ck n es s of t h e metathal lus i s du e to t h e ou te r m os t ce l l s of t h el i v i n g co r te x . T h e oute r wal l s of t h es e ce l l s g radua l ly bec o m eth ic ke r a n d da r ke r , a n d u lt i m ate ly t h e w h o l e c e l l s beco m e q u ite blac ka n d d iso r ga n i sed . F i n al ly , t h e se blac k c el l s r eac h t h e o ute r s urfac e ,a n d by t h at t i m e t h ey a r e qu i te d i so r ga n i sed a n d t h ey h a ve bec o m equ ite w h ite i n co lou r aga i n . Bot h apot h ec ia and spe r m ogo n ia oc c u ro n t h e sa m e pla n t

,t h e fo r m e r o r ig i n ati n g i n t h e go n i d ia l laye r t h o ug h

qu i te f r e e o f t h e latte r w h e n m atu r e . T h ey r eac h a d ia m ete r o fabout 05 m m . E pit h ec i u m a n d parathecium a r e blac k and ca r bo n aceous. T h e h ypot h ec i u m i s l ig h t i n colou r . T h e e i g h t b r ow n spo r e sm easu r e 0 0 10 to 00 12 by 00 06 to 00 08 m m . T h e spe r m ogo n ia

Fig. 2 .

— Ba c l l ia p erfl igra , sp . nov . Section through cortex , sh ow ing theblackening of the outer cel l s o f the n ew corte x magu . 1000 .

ha ve s m al l blac k ost io l e s,a n d t h e i n n e r ca v i ty co n s i s ts of a co m p l i

cated syste m of pa ssages l i n ed w i t h ste r i g m ata . The s i n gl e spe r m at iam easur e about 00 03 by 0 0 005 m m .

No m e n t io n i s m ade h e r e o f any p r ev io u s Repo r ts o n t h e L i c h e n sof t h e A n ta r c ti c , a s al l r efe r e n ce s to t h e l i te ratu r e o f t he s ubj ect w i l lbe fo u n d i n the Repo r t o n t h e L i c h e n s b r oug h t bac k by t h e Na t io n a lA n ta r c t i c E xped it io n Te r r a No va of 1910 , publ i s h ed by t h eT r ustees of t h e B r i t i s h Muse u m (Natu ra l H i s to ry ) .

Tw o algae b r o ug h t bac k f r o m E l ep h a n t I s la n d w e r e sub m i t ted tol\Ir . G epp, w ho k i n d ly ident il ied o n e a s P l ocamium secmu la tum li t z .

(Tab . l ’ hyc . x v i . Tab . 42 ; K n otz i n g , Spec . A lg . p . and t h eot h e r a s a deca y ed sc ra p of o n e of t h e l ’ lneophyceze ,

w h ic h c ould n o tbe ide n t ified spec ifical ly .

Tw o m osses w e r e a l so col l ected o n E lep h a n t I sla n d, and M r . H . N .

D i xon w as good e n o ug h to n a m e t h eseAmblg/s tegizun submr ium B r ot h . i n D eutsc h . Snedpo lar

- E xped .

E d . 8 , p . 93 ( lig ) Fi r s t fo u n d o n Ke rguel e n .

B ra/um awa re/[ cumHook . Iil .

-’ i l s . in Hooke r . Flor aA n ta r c t i ca ,

i i . n. 4 14 . tab . 153 . fig . 6 1 194" Fi r st fo u n d o n Cockbu r n l s la n d .

THE JOURNAL o r BOTANY

THE NAME FORSTE RA LINN .

BY B . B AYDON JACK SON, PH .D . , SE C .L .S .

SO M E m o n t h s ago I fou n d i n t h e S m i t h ia n h e r ba r i u m fou r s h eetsf r o m t h e Li n n ea n col lect io n bea r i n g i m p r ess io n s of t h e pla n ts w h i c hhad bee n take n off t h e s h eets , l ea v i n g o n ly t h e i m p r ess of t h e pla n ts .E n o ug h r e m a i n ed to dete r m i n e t h e i r t rue pos it i o n w i t h the e xc ept io no f o n e s h eet

,w h i c h h ad p r ev ious ly h ad a g rass - l i ke pla n t gl u ed dow n ,

w it h t h e l ege n d i n L i n n é ’ s h a n dw r i t i n g “ F ors tera vagina l is

o n t h e bac k i s F ors teria Sparrm. Ac t . A n gl . ” in t h e sa m e h a n dw r i t i n g .

I could find n o Fors l em vagina l is , a n d the m a r k s le ft o n thepape r w e r e c l ea r ly n o t of t h e r ec e i ved S tyl id iaceous ge n us ; I t h e r efo r e tu r n ed to t h e l i te r atu r e w h i ch m ig h t expla i n t h e m yste ry of t h eL i n n ea n state m e n ts . T h e ge n us i s u sual l y att r ibuted to “ L i n n . f .in No v . Ac t . See . Sc . U psa l . i i i . (1780 ) 184 , t . w i t h o n e s pec i e s ,F . scdzi‘bl ia Fo r st . T h e t itl e of t h e pape r t h r ow s doubt upo n t h ec o r r ec t n ess of t h i s asc r ipt io n D ecas plan tarum novarum

,ex insul is

i n a r i s austra l i s , t ransmissa a G eo r gio Forst ero , A n glo ,”w h ic h may be

de r ed “ Te n new pla n ts f r o m t h e i sl a n ds of t h e Sout h Sea se n tby G eo r ge Fo r ste r , t h e E n gl i s h m a n .

” Ye t , appa r e n tl y o n t h e fac t ofi ts be i n g sen t by t h e you n ge r Fo r s te r , t h e fat h e r of t h e se n de r i sc h a rged w i t h n a m i n g t h e pla n t a fte r h i m sel f , i n Li n n . f . Suppl . 59

(“ FORSTE ILL Fo r st . Ac t . Ups . v . 3

, p . and t h e s pec i es o np . 407 w i t h a l m ost t h e sa m e c ita t io n FOB STE BA . scdzf o l ia .

Fo r st . Act . Ups . v . 3 , p . 184 , t . 9Upo n tu r n i n g to t h e Uppsala publ icat io n , w e find t h a t t h e descrip

t io n s a r e p r eceded by tw o pages w r i tte n by a n a n o n y m ous au t h o r ,f r o m i n te r n a l e v ide n c e u n do ubtedly t h e y ou n ge r Li n n é . He expla i n st h at t h e two Forsters o n t h e i r r e tu r n f r o m [Cook

’ s seco n d voyage]r o u n d t h e w o r ld i n t h e yea r 1775 , se n t desc r ipt io n s of so m e pla n ts toL i n n é , w ho s h ow ed t h e m at a m eeti n g of t h e Roya l Soc i ety ofSc ie n c es

, Uppsa la , p r o m i s i n g t h at t h e Soc i ety s h oul d h a ve t h e Oppe rt unity of publ i s h i n g t h e pape r . But L i n n é

'

s h eal t h w as t h e n b r oke n ,a n d h i s deat h took plac e w i t h out t he w r i tte n desc r ipt i o n s reac h i n gt h e Soc i ety . I t fel l , t h e r efo r e , to h is so n a n d suc cesso r to fu lfi l t h eobl i gat io n ; t h e n a m e F ors iem h ad bee n appl ied to a n u n n a m ed) la n t by h i s fa t h e r , i n h o n ou r of t h e n atu ra l i sts , w it h an e n gra v i n gfr o m a c olou r ed d raw i n g by G eo r ge Fo r s te r . By l e tte r s t h e elde rFo r ste r had i n fo r m ed Li n n é t h at desc r i ptio n s o f G n luu

'

a , B r ing/s

Win fe r i, D . ax il l a rz’

s,a n d F em/era had fi r st be e n d raw n up by

A n de r s Spamnan,a f r i e n d of t h e Fo r ste r s , a n d t h e i r c o m pa n io n f r o m

t he Cape to New Zeala n d a n d back ; the r est [detai l s w e r e addedby G eo r ge Fo r ste r , a n d t h e fi n al r e v is io n by J . It . Fo r ste r .I n t h e p r efac e to t h e C/mmc feres ge ne ra » : p lan tar am (Lo n d .

1775 ) the aut h o r s s tate t h at Sparrman desc r i bed t h e pla n ts , and

G eo r ge d r ew t h e m ,w h i l e t h e elde r Fo r ste r de voted h i m sel f to zoology .

W h e n Sparrman h ad co m pl eted h i s desc r i pt io n s , t h e Fo r ste rs w e r ec o n sul ted ,

t h e you n ge r d i gested t h e m i n a n ot h e r vo lu m e and t he fat h e rr e v i sed a n d copi ed t h e m i n to v c t a n ot h e r vol u m e , i n the o rde r of t h eLi n nea n s y stem.


1 10 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY

p r epa r ed by a jo i n t c o m m i tte e , t h e p r ese n t l i st be i n g take n as age n e ral bas i s .

3 . T r eat m e n t of ge n e r i c h o m o n y m s a s n o n - val id,w i t h t h e excep

t io n of suc h a s m ay be placed 0 11 t h e l i s t of n o m i n a co n se r vata .

”

4 . T r eat m e n t o f al l spec ifi c h o m o n y m s as n o n - va l i d .

5 . Aba n do n m e n t of p r io r i ty Of pos it io n .

(5. Aba n do n m e n t Of a n obl igato ryLat i n d iag n os i s Of new g roups ;w i t h a 1 ecommendat ion

,howeve1 , t h at a Lat in d iag n os i s s h oul d be

s uppl i ed , espec ia l ly in cases w h e r e desc r iptio n s a r e publ i s h ed i n la nguages w h i c h do n ot e m ploy Ro m a n c h a rac te r s .

7 . T r eat m e n t Of ge n e r i c n a m es as n o n - va l id u n l es s th ey a r eacco m pa n i ed by a ge n e r i c desc r i pt io n o r a r efe r e n c e to a fo rme rd esc r ipt io n (ge n e r ic o r s ect io n a l ) .

8 . T r eat m e n t of'

ge n e r i c n a m e s as n o n - val i d u n l e ss t h ey a r e a ssoc iable w i t h a s i m ul ta n eous ly o r p r ev io us ly publ i s h ed bi n o m ia l spec ificn a m e . P r o v is io n , h ow e ve r , to be m ade fo r the typificat ion of impo r ta n t ge n e ra w h ic h w ou ld Ot h e rw i s e be i n va l idated u n de r t h i s r ul e .

9 . Accepta n c e of dupl icate b i n o m ia l s .

FRE SHWATE R PLANKTON ALGZE FROM CE YLON.

BY W . B . CROW , M . SC . , PILD .

INTRODUCTION .

THE material w h i c h i s r epo r ted upo n i n t h e fol l ow i n g pages wasco l l ec ted by P r of . F . E . F r i tsc h i n Ceylo n , Aug. 2I—No v . 10 , 1903 ,

and fo r m s pa r t Of a la r ge r co l lect io n . It was h a n ded to m e fo r inv est igat ion ea 1 ly i n 1919 , a n d fo r so m e m o n t h s t h e w 0 1k w as can ied

o ut u n de r t he supei v ision Of P r of . F 1 it sc l1 , to w h o m I a m g1eat lyi n debted bot h fO1 adv i c e 0 11 seve ral do ubtful po i n ts , a n d foi al low i n gm e f 1 ee acces s at a l l t i m es to h i s m ag n ifice n t col l ec tio n Of figmes .

I m ust a l so ack n ow l edge t h e h el p Of a G o ve r n m e n t g r a n t,m ade by

t h e Co m m i ttee Of t h e Pri vy Cou n c i l fo r Sc ie n t ific a n d I n dust r ia lt esearch .

T h e ge n e r a l c h a r ac te r s Of t h e Cya n op h ycea n a n d Ch lorOphyceanFlo ra Of Ceylo n h a ve al r eady bee n deal t w i t h by F r i tsc h i n a pape r

( Pr oc . Roy. Soc . B . l x x i x . ) i n w h i c h , h ow e ve r , a co n s ide r at io n Of t h epl a n k to n w as n o t i n c luded . T h e syste m aty of t h e f r e s h w ate r alga ll lo ra fo r m s t h e subj ec t Of a s m al l co n t r ibut io n by Lemmermanni n Zoo l . .Iahrb . xx v . and a n exte n s i ve l i st by W . G . S . West i nT ra n s . Li n n . Soc . B . SeI. 2

,v i .

,t h e latte r n o t deal i n g w i t h

.

t h epla n k to n spec i es . T h e col lec t io n deal t w i t h how co n s i sts m a i n ly ofPla n k to n . Muc h Of i t 1s f1o m t h e so cal l ed “ ta 11 l{ s ’ — la1 g e r "

ese1v 0 11 s

of a r tific ia l o r i gi n i n w h i c h,h ow e ve r t h e a lga l il o1 a l i ves u n de1 pi ac

t i ca l ly naturalED

co n d i ti o n s . Most Of t h e col l ec t i n g was m ade f r o mthe s h o r e by m ea n s Of a pla n kto n n et . Apa r t f r o m t h i s n o r m al lyl it tmal foIm s i n so m e cas es m ay h ave bee n ca r r i ed out as tychol imn et i c pla n k to n , a n d h ave t h u s bee n i n c l uded . T h e 111ate 1 ial i s p r eso l ved i n tubes of d i l u te fon naldehyde , and fo i t h e m ost pa r t t h espec i m e n s a1o in an exce l l e n t state of p i esa vat1on

FRE SHWATER I’LANKTON AL GA; FRO M CEYLON 111

I n t h e fo l low i n g accou n t , o n ly t h e Oymwp lzycca? and 0 1110 7 0

p kycew (exc l ud i n gH e tero/con tae,but i n c l ud i n g A /cmztce ) a1 e desc1 ibed .

The v e1y n um e r ous D i ato m s Of E ui opean fi cs h w ate r s appea1 to bera r e , w h i l s t nume1ous tychol imnet ic fo r m s occ u r i n so m e Of the

tubes . T h e H e terokon iae w e r e p ract ica l ly abse n t . A r i c h[ zoo

pla n kto n , m ostly C r us tacea , al so occu r s i n so m e loca l i ti es , but i t w as

n ot i n vesti gated . T h e c h a r ac te r Of the m ate r ia l a n d t h e l i m itat io n oft h e i n vest igat io n to ce r ta i n c lasses of O1gan isms of t h e phv t oplankt on

p1ec ludes a n y accou n t of t h e pla n kto n as a n assoc iat io n . 0 11 the

o t h e r h a n d , t h e matei ial h as bee n dea l t w i t h f1o m a sy stemat i c po i n tOf v iew . W h e1 e eco logica l topic s h a ve bee n to uc h ed upo n

,i t has

bee n w i t h r efe r e n c e to i n d i v idual Spec ie s o r ot h e r syste m ati c g roups .F ifty ge n e r a , i n c l ud i n g 138 spec i e s , a r e r eco r ded : Of t h ese , seve n tee n

gene l a, i n c l ud i n g 50 spec ie s , belo n g to Cyanop lzycece , a n d 33 , i11e luding 85 spec ies , to O

'lzl orop hg/cear. T h e actua l 1 elat i ve propmt io n s 111 n u m be r Of spec i es Of eac h of t h e m a i n g1oups i n t he h ab itatsrepi esented i s , at t h e seaso n at w h ic h t h e co l l ecti o n s w e r e m ade

,

p r obab ly so m et h i n g l i ke t h e prOpOIt ion s h ow n by t h e fol low i n g l i s ts ,s i n ce alt h oug h a n um be r Of doubtfu l f0 1 1n s a r e n ot l i sted, t h ese w ei ed ist1 i buted th i oughout t h e va r io us fa m i l i es , a n d m ostly co n s i sted Of

r a r e fo r m s, Of w h i c h spec i m e n s w e r e i n suffic ie n t in n u m be r o r un

su itabl e fo r id e n tificati o n . T h e p r opo r tio n i n n u m be r Of spec ie sg i ve n above fo r Cyan opkjycea? a n d C/zl orop lzyceae i s h ow e ve r q u i teu n l i ke t h e p r opo r tio n in n u m be r Of i n d i v idual s a n d t h e r e i s 11 0 do ubtt h at

,as i n t h e te r r est r ia l a lgal flo r a ( see F r i tsc h ) , t h e fo r m e r g roup

i s m uc h t h e m o r e i m po r ta n t co m po n e n t .Fou r new spec i es w e r e m et w i t h . T h e two new spec i e s Of

M icrocyst is a n d D imorp lzococcus F i ztsckii, sp. n . , a1 e desc i ibed e l s ew h e r e . T h i r ty s i x spec i es r eco1 ded l1e1 e h ave iiot pi eviously bee nfo u n d in Ceylo n ; a la 1ge n u m be r Of t h e latte r , h ow e ve r , ai e n o tu n co m m o n i n t h e t r opi c s . Ma n y Of t h e C i n ga l ese spec ies h a ve n oto n ly bee n fou n d i n ot h e r pa r ts Of t h e I n do -Malaya n r egio n

,but a

h ig h pe r c e n tage h ave bee n f r eque n tly r eco rded f r o m E u r ope .I n o rde r to s h ow t h e geog r ap h ica l s i g n ifica n c e Of t h e fol l ow i n g

l i sts,r efe r e n c e i s gi ve n to t h e p r e v i ou s ly r eco r ded geograp h ica l dist ri

bo t iou Of eac h spec ie s . T h ese 1 ecOIds alt h oug h n o doubt i n co m pl ete ,i n d icate a v e ry w ide r a n ge Of l o cal i t ie s fo r m a n y Of 0 111 types . '

Ih efac t t h at seve r al t r opica l spec i es a l so occ u r i n the po lz11 1 egions i s b yno m ea n s ful ly expla i n ed . I t i s w el l k n ow n t h a t t h e 1najo1 itv o fO iganisms Of t h e f r es h wate r pla n kto n h a ve a ve iyw ide a1 ea Of d i st 1 1but 1on . Our rec0 1ds s h ou ld be compmed w i t h t h ose of \V . and

G . S . West ; t h ese aut h o r s d id n o t dea l w i t h t h e l i m n opla n k to n , andt h e i r r eco rd s co n ta i n m a n y spec i es of l i m i ted ra n ge . 0 11 t h e o t h e rh a n d , w e h a ve dea l t c h iefly w i t h the l inmoplank to n , w h ic h i s to ala rge exte n t m ade up Of t h e sa m e spec ie s as oc c u r e l sew h e r e .T h e loca l i t i es a r e r efe r r ed to by n u m be r s , a s g i ve n i n t h e fo l low i n g

tabl e

1 . La 1ge b rack i s h po n d about 3 m i l es f r o m Ha1nbantota. 10 Sept .

. Fou r s m al l ta n k s n ea r e 11t 1ance to Bota n i ca l ( 1 .11de 11s , A n n i -1d

hapoma ,2 Oc t .

3 . S m al l , s h a l low bay of Nuwa rawewa . nea r Anuradhapeera, 2 Oc t .

112

4 .

5 .

6 .

7 .

8 .

9 .

10 .

1 1 .

12 .

13 .

15 .

16 .

17 .

18 .

19 .

20 .

21 .

22 .

24 .

25 .

27 .

28 .

29 .

30 .

3 1 .

32 .

33 .

34 .

35 .

36 .

37 .

38 .

39 .

4 0 .

4 1 .

42 .

43 .

44 .

THE JOURNAL O F BOTANY

Rock poo l co n n ec ted w i t h Ka law ewa - ta n k,29 Sept .

Lake C1 11n te11i,

Ta n k A n da n k ula m , 4 m i l es fi o m T rincomal ie, 2 Oc t .

S m al l po n d 111 Bo t . G a r ,de n s a t Anu1adhapoora, 3 Oct .

Ta n k Basawak - kula m , 3 Oct .

Ta n k A n da n ku la m ,3 m i le s f r o m Trincomal ie , 18 Sept .

Ta n k Madakana-w ewa , betw ee n m i l esto n es 65 a n d 66 o n r oadf r o m Anuradhapoora to D a m bul la , o n t h e l eft s ide ,

Lake Mada m pe at Ambalangodda, n ea r t h e s ea , 13 Sept .Ta n k Andangawa

- m a h aw ew a , 0 11 s m a l l ju n gle - footpat h f r o mHaba r a n e to S igi r i , 1 1 Oct .

Ta n k Bala l uw ew a , 29 Sept .Lake at Ca n dy , 24 Sept .Lake at Co lo m bo ( take n nea r boat- h ouse) ,Ta n k M i n e r i , 12 Oct .

Ta n k Tissaw ewa , n ea r Anuradhapoora, 3 Oc t .

S m al l r ock - poo l i n t h e w et seaso n of t h e yea r c e r ta i n ly co nnec ted w i t h ta n k Pu n c h i - kek i r aw a c lose by , 28 Sept .

'

Perithpan-

pokuna, n ea r Isurumunija- te m ple at Anuradha

poo ra, 3 Oct .

Ta n k Nuwa ra -w ewa , at Anuradhapoora, 2 Oct .

Ta n k at D a m bul la , 9 Sept .Lake Madu Ga n ga , n ea r Balapitya, 14 Sept .Ta n k Neraviea-w ew a , s i tuated i n t h e b ig rock abo u t 300 ft.above D a m bu l la , 9 Oct .

Ca n a l l ead i n g f r o m r i ve r to lak e n ea r Bentot t le , 6 Sept .O utflow of ta n k Nuwarawewa, n ea r Anuradhapoora, 2 Oct .

Ta n k Kalaw ew a , take n f r o m Sout h E nd,29 Sept .

Lake at Pa n adu r e , 16 Sept .Ta n k at Haberane, 10 Oct .

Ta n k Magaswew a, betw ee n 56th a n d 5 th m i lesto n es 0 11 t h er oad f r o m Bambul la to Trincomal ie , 11 O c t .

S m al l pool s n ea r Tirappanew ewa, 8 Oct .

Ta n k Pu n c h i - kek i raw a , 28 Sept .Ta n k at Kekunadure , about 5 m il es f r o m Mata ra

,8 Sept .

Fou r t h backw ate r of Mahav il la- ga n ga,below G ampull a,

22 Sept .Sal t lagoo n at Ha m ba n tota , 10 Sept .Ta n k Madokotai ku la m , about 3 m il e s a lo n g Trincomal ier oad f ro m Vavoniya, 5 Oc t .

Rock pool s , n ea 1 ta n k Bala luw ew a , 29 Sept .Ta n k Malaw ewa, n ea r Keki raw a , 30 Sept .Ta n k \ al1a anaguhu-w ew a , n ea 1 Habei ane, 12 Oc t .

Po n d n ea r D i r ec to r’ s bu n gal ow , Pe rade n iya Ga r de n s , 31 O ct .

S m a l l sa l t lagoo n ly i n g betwee n m i l es to n e s 4 a n d 5 0 11 t h ecoast r oad f r o m Trincomal ie, Oct .

Ta n k Senadiniya-

gawaw ewa, n ea r Haberane, 12 Oct .

Ta n k VValikn lam, n ea r Kek i r aw a , 30 Sept .Ta n k betw ee n m i l esto n es 102 a n d 103 o n r oad f r o m Vavon iya to Madawachy, 5 Oc t .

Ta n k Mahakekirawa, n ea r Kek i raw a , 28 Sept .


111 THE .1o 1'

11x 111. o r BOT .\NY

C . M INUTUS (Kuct z. ) Naeg. Ce l l s i n g r oups of two ,fou r , o r

e ig h t,n o t u n i ted i n to la1ge n1uc ilage m as se s . S h eat h n o t st rat ilied .

C e ll s s h ow vc rv c leai l v t h at d i v i s i o n i s bv c onst 1 iet ion . Le m m e r111111111 r

'

ega1ds C’. 770 11 6 17 0 78 Naeg. as s y n o n y m ous w i t h C’

. 777771 777773

(Kue tz. )o

Naeg. , t h e 1e be i n g 110 essent ia li

diffe1en ce betw ee n t h edesc r iptio n s of t h ese . 0 111 spec i m e n s vai ied ve1y muc h i n s i z el e n gt h 5— 14 77 , w idt h 3 5— 10 17 , s h eat h 1 2 5 i n t h i c k n e ss— bu tw e r e ot h e r w i se co n sta n t . '

l l1c la r ge r spec i m e n s ex ceed the n o r m a l

t e , a n d w ou ld fal l i n to C'. lzeh '

efi cus f . 77mjo7’ D e To n i .

A m o n gst Sp iroyg/ra and i n assoc ia ti o n w i t h Sp ir ul ina tmzuiss inmKuetz . Tychol imne t ic . L ac . 1 . D 7

'

s f7 ' . E ur . , S . Afr .,S . A m e r . ,

A n ta r c t ica .

C . M IN I M U S (v . Keissler) Le m m . Cel l s n u m e r ous i n f r ee floati n gm u c i lage m asses . S h ea t h s p h e r i ca l to e l l i pso idal . O r i g i n a l ly desc r i bed by v . Keissl er as C . 771777 771773 va r . 7777775777773 , t h i s was sepa rated1s a d i sti n c t specc i es by Lemmermann . T h e Ceylo n spec i m e n s are

a l l tvpical pla n kto n 0 1 0 a1115 111s fon n i n g vel v defi n i te f r e e float i n gc ol o n ia l m asses

,i n t h i s r espec t qu i te di s t i n c t f1 o m typ i ca l (

1777777711773

(Kuetz . ) Naeg. S i n c e t h i s i s t h e case , t l1e1e see m s to be 110 l ea so nfo r s u ppos i n g C’

. 7771777777773 c l ose ly r el ated to 0 . 777777 77q ,and t h e

s pec i es 11as m o r e s i m i l a r i ty w i t h O. 17'

7777w t 7'

cus Le m m . a n d o t h e rpla n k to n fo r m s . Bes ides t h e sp h e r i ca l and e l l i pso ida l fo rms ofco lo n ial s h ea t h , as i n t h e figu r es of v . Keissler, m a n y of the Ce y l o nspee i111en s s h ow ed a tendencv to g r ea te r e lo n gat io n a n d lo bi n g .

Col o n i es 100 i n l e n gt h,30 11 i n w idt h . C e l l s p d ia1 n .

,

cel l - s h eat h 1 p. i n t h ic k n es s . L oc . 2 , 3 . B is l w. E ur.,S . Afr .

,

A n ta r c ti ca .

(To be con tinued .)

G EORGE CLI FFORD ’ S HE RBAR IUM AND THE ‘IIORTUS

CLl FFORTIANUS .

’

B r A . B . 1115 111111 12 , F .R .S .

TH ERE has al wav s bee n so m e doubt as to t h e co n n ex i o n betw ee nG eoo1ge C liffo id s l l e rbai ium,

w h i c h 11 as boug h t b y S i r J osep h Ba n k si n 179 1 , t l 1i1 ty 1 e111 s afte r C l iffo i d ’

s deat h? and the 11 0 7 fus C/7'

f[ 07 11177777 1 3 publ i s h ed a t Ams te r zd 1111 i n 1737— thc s v s temat ic acc ou n tby Linmeus of the pla n ts i n Cl iil o r

’

d . ga1de n and l 1e i l 111 1 i11111.'

l he

latte r , w h i c h pas sed to t h e B r i ti s h M u seu m w i t h t h e Ba n ks ia n Co ll ect i o n s i n 1827 , is r efe r r ed to bv l l o bc rt B row n i n h i s 1nen1o1andu111o n the ’

1:1nks ian he 1ba1 ium 11s the pi in1 ipal aut ho i itv fo i t h e pla n tsdesu ibcd i n o n e of Linnw us s cai l ie s t and most 1 e lc l 1iated w o1ks7 . e . t he I t was a t t h at t i m e k 1 pt sepa ra t e f 1o m t h e genei all 1erl 1arium,

but was sul 1scquen t l 1 i11c 0 1p111ated w i t h i t dui ing t he

keepe i sbip of M 1 .

'

l he sp1 c i1nen s ai e 0 11 the o r i gi n al s h e et s , i n the sam e co n d it io n ast h e y w e r e w h e n boug h t by Ba n ks . In m a n y case s , as w i l l be r e m e mbe r ed bv bota n i s ts w ho h ave ( onsu l tcd t he 11m'ba r i u m

, they ai e

1110 1111ted, i n 111 1 o l d 1111 c w i t h the c u s to m o f t h e pe 1 iod, as i f gr'

0 11 111g

(1130 1111 1; cu r ronn’

s IIE RBARIL’

M 115

f r o m a n o r n a m e n ta l vase , ac co m pa n i ed by a labe l i n m e m o r ia l tabletstyle , t h e w r i t i n g o n w h i c h i s e v ide n t ly c o n te m po ra ry , but no t t h a tof L i n n aeus . By m ea n s of the c i tatio n 0 11 t h e labe l s , i t i s ge n e ra l l yposs ibl e to coo r d i n ate t h e spec i m e n w i t h t h e de sc r iptio n i n t h eH or tas ; t h e n u m be r attac h ed to t h e spec i es i n t h e book i s a l sooften w r i tte n o n t h e s h eet . T h e b i n o m i n a l s ubseque n tly ass i g n ed tot h e pla n t by L i n n ae us was al so w r i tte n o n t h e s h eet i n a so m ew h atlate r h a n d befo r e t h e h e rba r i u m ca m e i n to Banks

'

s possess io n .

A lt h oug h t h e r e was t h u s e v ide n t ly a c lo se co n n ex io n betw ee n t h espec i m e n s i n Cl ifiord ’

s h e r ba r i u m a n d L i n n aeus'

s de sc r i pt i o n s i n t h eH or tas , t h e r e was n ot h i n g to p r o ve t h at Li n n ae us had a n y d i r ec tpe r so n a l assoc iat io n w i t h t h e spec i m e n s ; but a s h eet 11a s j u st bee nfou n d w h ic h defi n ite ly establ i s h es t h i s a s soc iat io n . T h i s i s the

spec ime n of G r is l ed (Hort . Cl ifif. 146) a n d t h e s h ee t bea r s t h e n a m ein Linnmus

’

s h a n d , w r i tte n j u s t below t h e spec i m e n i n t h e c h a racte rist ie L i n n ea n ma n n e r ; t h e late r w r i te r 11a s added

“ G rislea secu n da .

T h e s h eet al so bea r s a n ote by D ryander :“ I n the G r eat He r ba r i u m

u n de r C’ombre tum.

” T h e s h eet i s t h e r efo r e of g r eat i n te r est,fo r

,a s

11as bee n a l r eady sa id , i t i n d icates a pe r so n a l a ssoc iat io n betw ee n t h espec i m e n s i n C l i ffo r d ’ s h e r ba r iu m a n d L i n n aeus a s the aut h o r of t h eH arms Ol ffib r t ianus ; a n d t h e spec i m e n i s t h e type of t h e ge n us .I t i s u n fo r tu n ate that a spec ime n of s uc h h i sto r i ca l i n te r es t s h ou ld

gi ve r i se to a difi‘icul ty i n n o m e n c latu r e . T h e n ote of D ryander

quoted abo ve i n d i cate s t h e sou r c e of t h e t r oub le , a n d expla i n s w hyt h espec i m e n of G r is l ea 11as bee n so lo n g o ve r looked . T h e r e i s n o doubtt h at it i s a C’

ombretum, a n d , i f n o t actua l ly i s a v e ryc losely a l l i ed Mexi ca n spec ies .I n Sp . P la n t . (ed . 1

,31 8 ) u n de r G ris l en , Li n n aeu s g i ves t h e t r i v ia l

n a m e seczmda ,w i t h a r efe r e n ce to Ho r t . C l i ff . , but adds n o d ia g n os i s

n o r sy n o n y m . T h e desc r i pt i o n of the ge n u s i n G en . Pla n t . 173 7 15

e v ide n tl y f r o m t h e sa m e pla n t , a n d i s cop ied w o rd fo r w o rd i n t h eed itio n of 1754 . Ne i t h e r f r u i t n o r s eed i s m e n t io n ed , a n d the spm e n posses ses n e i t h e r . T h e o r igi n a l of G r is l ea L . i s aa n d G r is l ea i s t h u s t h e fi r s t n a m e fo r t h at ge n us .I n 1758 Li n n aeu s ed ited t h e Iter H ispan iczun of h i s fa vou r i te

pupi l Pe h r Loefl ing w h ic h c o n ta i n s a n ac cou n t of t h e t r a v el sof the latte r i n Spa i n a n d Ame r ica , a n d desc r i pt io n s f r o m Loe tl ing

'

s

m a n usc r i pt of so m e of t h e pla n ts co l lec ted . On p . 245 i s a ful ldesc r i pt io n of

'

G rz'

s l ea 3 0 0 27771711 , bu t t h i s i s n o t the o r i g i n al G . 3 0 0 17711171,of w h i c h Li n n aeus appa r e n tly r eta i n ed n o spec i m e n ( t h e r e i s n o n e i nh is h e r ba r i u m ) , but of the pl ant to w h i c h t h e n a m e has s i n ce bee nappl i ed

,fou n d by Loefl ing i n t r opi ca l Sou t h Am e r i c a i n Feb r ua r y

1 75 5 . At t h e e n d of t h e vo l u m e , i n an A ppe n d ix u lt i m us abso lut eope r e m i ssu s ” (p . 308 ) i s desc r ibed . I n Sys fenm. ed . x .

p. 999 Li n n 1e us i n c l udes t h e t w o ge n e ra , quot i n g bo t h f r o mLoefl i n g w i t h n o r efe r e n c e to h i s ow n o r igi n a l desc r i pt i o n i n l l o rt .

C l i ff . o r i n S p . Pl . ed . 1 .

T h e pos it io n ra i ses a n i n te r est i n g po i n t i n 11o 1nc 11c l11tnrc . I t i se v ide n tly des i rab l e t h a t 0 0 77177 71 4 177” s h ou ld be i n c l ud ed i n the l i s t. of

b ut bota n i sts may [i n d dillic ul ty i n r eta i n i n gthe n a m e G ris l ea fo r the pla n t to w h i c h i t has be e n appl ied s i n c e

1 2

1 16 THE JOURNAL or Bomar

1758 . T h e accmate D 1yande1 n o t ic ed the dise 1epancv ,h e n o t o n ly

(as h a s been s h ow n ) 1 eferred the H0 1 t . C l i ff. G ) 13 16 0 to C ( '

nnbi e l um,

bu t t o a spec i m e n of t h e pla n t ge n e ral ly ca l l ed Gu s l ea , co l l ec ted i nTaracas by a D r. Maerter, h as added t h e n ote : G v

'is l ea seczmdaLo efl . ; d i ve r sa a G r . secuncla Sp . Pl . ed . 1 , quae Combre tzun .

” Sofa r as I am awa r e , t h e co n fus io n 11as n ot s i n c e bee n n oted .

I h a ve d iscussed t h e m atte r w i t h M r . Sp rague , w ho s uggests t h att h e n a m e G r is l ed ca n n ot be r eta i n ed fo r t h e Lyt h raceous pla n t w h i c hu sual ly bea r s i t . Loefl ing ce rta i n ly u sed t h e n a m e G r z

’

s l ca w h i c hw as a l r eady oc cupied , but we mayass u m e t h a t h e gave t h e n a m e indepe n de n tly . I t i s i n te r esti n g to n ote t h at n e i t h e r i n t h e f lier , n o ri n t h e Sys tema ,

ed . x .,w h e r e G r is l ed a n d Combre fzun appea r s ide by

s ide i n t h e i r m ode r n usage,i s t h e r e a n y r efe r e n ce to the ea r l i e r pub

l icat ions of L i n n aeus . I f w e could ag r ee to sta r t aga i n h e r e . a n dquote G r is iea Locfling n o n L i n n . Ho r t. C l i ff. Sp . Pl . ed . 1 , t h ed i ffi cu lty w ou ld be r e m o ved .

THE WE LSH SALUSBURYS .

BY A . A . D ALL M AN ,

IN the n otew o r t h y volum e o n E ar ly B r ifisk B ot fl n is fs r e cen tlyp r i n ted by t h e Oxfo rd U n i v e r s i ty P r e ss and r e v i ew ed i n t h i s Jou r n a lfo r 1922 (p . M r . R . T . G u n t h e r , w ho has ea r n ed ou r g rati tud efo r t h i s va l uabl e a n d sc h ola r ly w o r k , gi ves a n ac cou n t of tw o m e m bersof t h e Sal usbury fa m i ly , w h i c h i s of spec ia l i n te r es t to stude n ts of) Vel sh Bota n y . T h e re a r e , h ow e ve r , ce r ta i n poi n ts i n connexion '

w ith

t h e sketc h of t h e t wo Salusburys (pp . 238— 45 ) and the L lew en i

ga rde n (pp . 306—09) w h i c h ca l l fo r c o m m e n t,suppl e m e n t

,o r co r

r ec t io n .WI LL IAM SALU SBURY ( 1520 —1600

I n r ega r d to h i s bota n i cal w o r k I may quote f ro m the MS .,

w r i tte n in 1917 , of mv fo r t h co m i n g F l am of F l imf and D oubly/zsh iae :

“ So m e yea r s ago w h e n tu1n i n g ove r the pages of a n old vo l u m eof Y Toaefl zod/ cld [T h e E ssay i s t] t h e w 1 i te1 cam eac 1 oss a n in te1 es ting ai t ic le e n t i tl ed ‘W i l l ia m Sal esbmy fel Llysieuw r

’Sal c sbmy as a Bota n ist ’ I n t h e cou r se of

t h i s ei udite pape r (pp . 156 the a n t h o l , t h e late Rev . J o h nPete r (Joa n 1

’ed 1 ) of Bala, deal s at so m e l e n gt h w i t h an old W

'

e l s hbota n i ca l m a n u sc r i pt o r h e r ba l t h e n i n h i s possess i o n . T h i s Bo tanol ogy

,w h i c h had 110 t i tl e , w as copi ed f r o m a n ea r l i e r MS i n 1763 by

an E va n T h o m a s . T h e o r i gi n al see m s to h ave bee n lost , but f ro mva r i o u s e v id e n ce , d i r ec t and i n fe r e n t ial , affo rded by the t ra n sc r i pt,Joa n Pedr con v inc ingl v as si g n s the aut h o r s h i p to Wi l l iam Sal esbu ry

,

fa m ous as t h e fi r s t t ra n slato r of the New Testam e n t f ro m the o r i gi n a lG r eek (c o m pa r ed w i t h the Lat i n V ul gate ) i n to t h e We l s h la n guage .A l t h oug h u n dated , t h e ea r l i e r M S w ould appea r to h ave bee n w r i tte nd u r i n g the late r pa r t of th e s i x t ee n t h c e n tu r y . A pe r u sal o f J oa nl

’

edr’

s a r t i c l e s h owed t h at t h i s M S was of great i n te r e st f r o m se ve ra l


118 THE .re c av a r. o r nor mr

T h e o r igi n al h ouse,i. e . Llew eni, w as bu i l t i n 720 . T h i s

v e n e rabl e a n d i n te r est i n g m a n s io n was take n dow n fo r m ate r ia l s tobui ld Ki n m el Pa la c e . T h e o ld Llew eni Librarv (a co ll ec tio n ofa n c ie n t

,c u r i o us

,and ra r e w o r ks , va l uabl e MSS co n n ected w i t h t h e

h i s to ry of t h e Salusbury fa m i ly , a n d t h e a n n al s of D e n b ig h Ca stle ,pa i n ti n gs of o ld m aste r s , &c beca m e eithei scatte r ed o r l ost .M i . G u n t h e r r ig h tly at t r1butes t h e a n n o tat i o n s by the fo r m e r

0 33' °

ne1 of t h e H er ba l to S i 1 Jo h n Salusbury of Ll ew eni, but e1 r s byc o n fus i n g h im w i t h a n e n t i r ely d i ffe r e n t pe r so n of t h e sa m e n a m et h i s i s to so m e exte n t d ue to h i s quoti n g f ro m t he i n co r r ec t m ate r ia li n D iet . Nat . B iog . T h e S i r J o h n Salusbury S io n y 30 d i au ,

"i. 8 .

“ Jo h n of t h e to w h o m M r . G u n t h e r r efe r s and m o r eo r l e ss co n fuses w i t h h i s n a m esake

,d i ed Ma rc h 18 , 1 578 , a n d t h e r e

fo r e co u ld n ot be t h e bota n i st who a n n o tated t h e copy of G e ra rd i n1606—08 . Th i s S i r Jo h n acqu i r ed t h e popula r su r n a m e of Bodiau

0 1° T h u m bs , so w e are to ld , f r o m t h e fac t t h a t h e h ad a n ext r a t h u m bo n eac h h a n d a n d t wo g reat toes 0 11 eac h foot . H is to m b

,w i t h a

r e m a r kabl e m o n u m e n t to t h e j o i n t m e m o ry of h i s spouse a n d h i m sel f ,i s o n e of t h e featu r es of t h e pa r is h c h u r c h ( i. e . VVhitchurch o rE glwys \Ve1i ) of D e n big h .

H is eldest so n w as Jo h n Salusbury (MP . fo r D e n b ig h , w ho

m a r r i ed Cat h e r i n e Tudo r of Be r e n,a n d d ied i n h i s fat h e r ’ s l i feti m e .

Cat h e r i n e h ad tw o so n s by t h i s m a r r iage , T h o m as (executed fo rt r ea so n , a n d Jo h n (acco rd i n g to seve ra l w r i te r s s u r n a m ed“ t h e St ro n g w ho succeeded to t h e Llew en i estate afte r h i s b r ot h e r ’ st ragi c e n d . T h e bota n i st was co n seque n t ly g r a n d so n to Si r J o h n yBodiau , a n d a l so r el ated cous i n ) to t h e \Vil l iam Sal usbury m e nt ioned abo ve . He w as pai l iamen tar3

°

r°

ep1 esentat ive fo r t h e co imt v ofD e n b ig h and r ec e i ved t h e h o n ou r of k n ig h t h ood . D 33 1m (H er a l di cVis ita tion of Wa l es , 1816, i i . 331) gi ves t h e yea r of t h e bota n i st sdeat h as 1613 ; but t h e r e i s a ve ry defi n i te r eco r d i n Y Cw l ia

Cyf ar zez/ (h l p . 35,s h ow i n g t h at h e d i ed a t Lle 33'eni o n Ju ly 24 ,

16 12 . Wh et h e r t h e t i tl e “ t h e St ro n g ” i s co r r ec tly appl ied to thebota n i st i s poss ibly Ope n to doubt

,i t i s n o t c l ea r t h at he w as of

r°

e 1na1kabl e st 1e 11gth , and t h e r e m ay be so m e co n fus io n of pe1 so n sBot h D u n n a n d

o

Ll oyd (H istory of P ony/s E rdog, iv . pp . 33 —0 9,

18 8 1) a tt r i bute t h i s des ig n at io n to h i m ; but Jo h n Wi l l ia m s i n d icates (Records of D enbigh ,

1860 , p . 126 ) t h at the t i tl e appl i es to“ Jo h n 3

° Bodiau e l sew h e r e a n d ea r l i e r , h ow eve r (An cien t and

D enbigh , p . t h e sa m e w r i te r r ega r ds t h e t w o appellat ions as apply i n g to d i ffe r e n t pe r so n s . I t i s p robabl e t h at t h e r ehas bee n so m e co n fu si o n betw ee n the t wo S i r Jo h n s , g ra n dfat h e ra n d g ra n d so n . The fa m i l y n am e i s va r io us l y s pel t Sal esbu ry

,Sal u s

bu ry , Sa l i sbu ry , and Sal isberi(c ) ; i n so m e cases fat h e r a n d so ne m ployed a d iffe r e n t spe l l i n g .

TH E ENG LI S H “mas t s 1 19

RE VIE WS .

The Ol tz E ng l ish H erba l s . By E L E ANO UR S INCLA IR RO IIDL‘.

S m . 41to , c lot h , pp . x i i , 213 , w i t h c o lou r ed f r o n t i sp i ec e and 1 7

i l l u st r at io n s . Longmans, 1922 . P r i c e zl s . n e t .

IN t h i s w e l l - p r i n ted a n d ge n e ra l ly att rac t i ve vol u m e w e h a ve aco m p r e h e n s i ve a n d ad m i rably w r i tte n acco u n t of ou r E n gl i s h h e r bal s ,begi n n i n g w i t h t h e A n g lo - Saxo n He r bal s to w h ic h t h e fi r st c h apte ri s de voted

,a n d e n d i n g w i t h the C ulpepe r and Wi l l ia m Coles of t h e

se ve n tee n th ce n tu ry .

T h e accou n t of A n glo - Saxo n m a n usc r ipts , to w h i c h , as Mis sRo h de says

,

“w e look c h i efl y fo r o u r k n ow ledge of A n glo - Saxo n

pla n t lo r e -t h e L eech B oo le of B a l d, t h e Lacnunga and t h e Saxo n

t ra n s lat io n s of t h e He r ba r i u m of Apul e i us , and t h e so - ca l led Hepi

A 18a£é w u”— i s exceed i n gly i n te r est i n g , a n d co n ta i n s m uc h t h at w i l l

be new to m ost r eade r s . S h e 11as a h appy gift of ass i m i la t i n g inform atio n a n d of co n vey i n g it i n r eadable fas h io n , a n d t h i s c h aracte r i se st h e book t h r oug h ou t . I n co m pi l i n g t h i s c h apte r s h e h as co n su ltedt h e o r i g i n a l MSS . at t h e B r i t i s h Muse u m , at t h e U n i ve r s i t ie s a n del s ew h e r e ; of t h e ac tual co n d it io n of t h e L ee ch B oole of B a ld,dati n g f r o m about 900— 950 ,

she gi v es a deta i l ed desc r ipt ion , fo l low edby a sketc h of i ts h i sto ry

,so fa r a s k n ow n , and i ts co n te n ts : U n l i ke

so m e ot h e r MSS . h e r ba l s,of w h i c h o n ly a few tatte r ed pages r e m a i n ,

t h i s pe rfec t spec i m e n of Saxo n w o r k has n ot h i n g f ragi le abou t i t ;t h e ve llum i s as st r o n g a n d i n a s good cond1t ion as w h e n i t fi r s tlay c lea n and u n touc h ed u n de r t h e h a n d of t h e sc r ib e— G i ld byn a m e— who pe n n ed 11: w i t h s uc h sk i l l a n d lo v i n g ca r e .

” T h e aut h o rte l l s us t h at “ t h e A n glo - Saxo n s had n a m es fo r , a n d us ed , a farla r ge r n u m be r o f pla n t s t h a n t h e co n t i n e n ta l n at io n s . ” 1 11 t h eIl erba 'rizw i op u l e ius al o n e 185 pla n ts are m e n t io n ed i n t h e H e r

bar ias of 1484 , t h e ea r l ies t h e r bal p r i n ted i n G e r m a n y , o n ly 150 a r er eco rded

,a n d i n t h e G e r m a n H erbarias of 11 85 , 380 ; but i t has

bee n computed t h at t h e A n glo - Saxo n s had n a m es fo r and used a tl ea st 500 pla n ts . Miss Ro h de r eg r ets t h at so m a n y of t h ese n a m esh a ve fa l l e n i n to d i su se

,but a r efe r e n c e to t h e D ic t ionary of E ngl ish

P l an t - names o r The E ng/is le D ia l ec t D ic /ionaryw ould h ave s h ow nh e r t h at t h e r e i s les s g ro u n d fo r h e r r eg r et t h a n s h e see m s to suppose .

Waybroad ,” fo r exam pl e , fo r w h i c h s h e r efe r s to Tu r n e r

’

s H e rba l ,

appea r s t h e r e a s \Veyb1°

ede 0 1°

and i n va r iou s s pe ll i n gs (but n ot as VVaybroa il ) i n nunw rous glossa r i es , a n d i s st i l l i nc o m m o n u se fo r P lan ing/o major ; Maythcn i s s u r ely p r efe rab le toCa m o m i l e ,

” but al t h oug h i t see m s to h ave bee n t h u s e m ployed inSaxo n t i m es i t i s n owaday s appl ied to A l b ums Co l a/a t h r oug h o u tthe sout h e r n cou n ties , a s i t is by Lyte and G e ra rd . \Ve fea r t h at i nc i t i n g “ j oy of t h e g r ou n d ”

as a d el ig h tful n a m e fo r pe r iw i n k le ,M i ss Ro h de h as m i s r ead her text : t he n a m e appea rs as

“ j uy o f

gro w nde” i n t h e fou rtee n t h c e n t u r y m ed i cal M S . p r i n ted i n A re/meo

l ogia ,vo l . xxx

,w i t h the expla n at i o n

Ye l ef i s t h i c ke sc hinede st‘v f

A s i s v e g r e n e j uy [ivy] lee f.”


T h e me n t io n of sun - fl ow e r s a m o n g “ t h e pla n ts co m m o n est i n t h eSaxo n Ga rde n s i s , of cou r se , a s l i p .

“' e r e i t n ot t h a t o t h e r c h apte r s ca l l fo r noti ce , i t w oul d be

te m pt i n g to l i n ge r o ve r t h e L ee c li boo lc a n d t h e ot h e r Saxo n h e r ba l s ,and to fo l low Miss Ro h de i n h e r exce l l e n t su m m a r y of t h e ea r lypopu la r bel i efs w h i c h t h ey p r e se n t w i t h r ega rd to t h e o r i g i n ofd i s ea ses a n d t h e c h a r m s a n d ot h e r m ea n s us ed . to co m bat t h e m .

T h ese s h e i l l us t r ates by cop ious quotat io n s f r o m t h e t ra n s lat io n s byO sw ald Cockay n e , publ i s h ed by t h e Ro l l s Soc i ety i n t h r ee vo l u m es

( 18 61—66 ) u n de r t h e t i tle L ee c luloms ,f

or t cun n ing,and S tar

c raf t in E ar ly E ng/l and. T h e abse n ce of a n y ack n ow l edge m e n t oft h i s i n debted n ess , o r i n deed of a n y m e n t io n — e i t h e r i n p r eface , tex t,o r b ibl i ogr ap h y— of Cocka y n e ’ s w o r k l ed to i n qu i ry , i n r espo n se tow h i c h M is s Ro h de expl ai n ed t h a t s h e h ad ass u m ed t h at eve ryo n em u st k n ow of i t a n d h e n ce d id n ot t h i n k i t n ec essa r y to m e n t io n i t .Subseq ue n tly , h ow eve r , i n a lette r to t h e Times L i terary S upp l emen t

(Jan . w h e r e i n atte n t io n had bee n cal l ed to t h e o m i ss i o n,Miss

Ro h de , h a v i n g s tated t h at Cockay n e s t r a n s lat io n s a r e t h e sta n da r dand o n ly c o m plete t r a n s lat io n s of t h e Saxo n m a n usc r ipts

,

” al low st h at “ t h e r e s h oul d h a ve bee n a foot n ote wit h t h e fi r s t quotatio n

,

”

and adds “ T h at t h e o m iss io n w as acc ide n ta l i s obv ious , I h 0 pe , f r o mt h e fac t t h at t h e ext rac ts a r e in quotatio n m a r ks a n d h i s s ec ti o nn u m be r s a r e give n ”

; t h i s , i t s ee m s to us, i s h a r d ly “ obv i ous,

” i nv iew of t h e fac t t h at n e i t h e r a ut h o r n o r t h e book w e r e a n yw h e r em e n t io n ed . We a r e n o t so r ry to h ave t h i s opportu n i ty of cal l i n ga tte n t io n to Cockay n e ’ s vo l u m es w h i c h — p ace Miss Ro h de— a r e n o tby any m ea n s w el l k n ow n , at a n y r ate by B r i ti s h bota n i sts ; t h en o tes 0 11 t h e tex t co n tai n m uc h pla n t - l o r e , a n d i n t h e t h i r d volum e

( pp . 3 11—350 ) i s a val uab le l i st of“ Saxo n Na m es of Worts and

T rees f r o m V a r iou s Sou r c es w i t h n otes a n d ide n t ificat io n s, w h ic h a r e

fo r t h e m ost pa r t co r r ec t .T h e seco n d c h apte r o n Late r Ma n u sc r ipt He r ba l s a n d t h e E a r ly

P r i n ted He r bal s y i eld s l ittl e i n i n te r e s t to t h at j u st co n s id e r ed . I tis la r ge ly oc cup ied w i t h an accou n t of D e P r op r ietat ibus R er um byBartholomzeus A n gl i cus t h e o n l y o r i g i n a l tr eat i se 0 11 h e r bs w r i tte nby a n E n gl i s h m a n d u r i n g t h e M iddle Ages . ” The l i ttl e t h a t isk n ow n of t h e w r i te r i s g i v e n ; t h e exac t date of t h e book i s n otk n ow n , but t h e r e i s a copy at Oxfo r d dated 1296, a n d “ ot h e r m a n usc r i pt c opies bot h i n F ra n ce a n d i n E n gla n d date f r o m t h e l atte r pa r tof t he t h i r tee n t h and t h e ea r l y pa r t of t h e fou r tee n t h c e n tu r i esi t w as t ra n s lated i n to E n gl i s h i n 1398 by Jo h n de Trev isa

, C h apla i nto Lo r d B e r k el ey . T h e seve n tee n t h c h apte r i s o n h e r bs and t h e i ru ses ;

“ t h e desc r i pt io n s of t h e pla n ts t h e m sel ves a r e o r i gi n a l a n dc h a r m i n g , as i s s h ow n by exa m ples , a n d Miss Ro h de adds va r i etyt o h e r pages by c iti n g so m e of the “ fl e eti n g yet v igo r ous pi c tu r esof t h e h o m ely e ve ryday s id e of m ed iae val h fe , of w h i c h t h e booki s ful l . Sca r c e ly l es s n o tew o r t h y i s t h e a n o n y m ou s w o r k k n ow n ,f r o m the n a m e of t h e p r i n te r

,as Banekes

’

s He r ba l — “ to speaks t r i ct ly t h e fi r s t p r i n ted E n gl i s h h e r ba l ,

”— publ i s h ed i n 15 25,of

w h i c h n u m e rous fo r m s and ed i t i o n s are e n u m e rated i n t h e b i bl iog rap h yappe n ded to t he vol u m e . A11 accou n t of the Ci rc l e . l l er lza l l ( 1526)


122 T 11 11 .1o e nx .3 1. o r non xr

G e ra rd mar h ave va l ued i t a s a r e l i c the fac t t h a t i n h i s po r t ra i tp1 e lixed to t he He rba l h e h o lds 111 h i s h a n d a pai t ial repi oduc t ion

of i t mav po ss ibl v l e n d suppmt to t h i s s uggest io n .

\Ve 111 11s t l eave u n n o t i c ed t h e c h apte r 0 11 He r ba l s of t h e N ew

“fo rld

, t h o ug h h e r e agai n i s m uc h t h at cal l s fo r app r ec iat i ve co mm e n t , n oti n g h ow e ve r i n pass i n g t h at t h e S loa n e Co ll ec t io n i s n oti n t h e V ic to r ia and A lbe r t Muse u m

,but

, as o u r r eade r s k n ow ,i n t h e

Museu m of Na tura l Hi sto ry . T h e “ Late r Se ve n tee n t h - Ce n tu ryH e r ba ls of Culpepe r and Wi l l ia m Co le s are of le ss i m po r ta n c e t h a nt h ose of ea r l ie r date , t h o ug h by n o m ea n s lac ki n g i n i n te r es t ; w i tht h em a r e co n s ide r ed t h e q ua i n t o ld s ti l l - r oo m books , t h e r eal dese e nda n ts , so to spea k , of t h e h e r ba l ,

’

of w h i c h M is s Rohde ’

s accou n t,w i t h w el l - c h ose n ext rac ts

,i s del i g h tfu l r ead i n g . T h e w el l - sel ec ted

i l lust rat io n s— t-w enty i n n u m be r -f r o m the Saxo n h e r bal s a n d ot h e rw o r ks n ot ic ed de m a n d a w o rd of p r a i se : t h e f r o n t isp iec e ( i n colou r )f r o m a tw e lft h - ce n tu ry MS . i n t h e L i b ra ry of E to n Co l l ege ca l l s fo rspec ia l m e n t-i o n .

The stude n t w i l l be espec ia l ly g ratefu l fo r t h e B ib l i ogra p h ie sw h i ch oc cupy t h e last fifty pages of t he vol u m e n ot h i n g app r oac hi n g° t h i s in c o m plete n ess h as h i t h e r to appea r ed . 111 h e r p r efa ceMis s Itohde ack n ow l edges t h e h e lp of t h e l i b ra r i a n s of va r io us co l legesof Oxfo rd a n d Ca m b r idge

, D u r h a m U n i ve r s ity , a n d of T r i n i ty Co l l ege ,D ub l i n ; of t h e dea n s of cat h ed ra l s i n w h o se l ib ra r i e s MS . h e r bal sa r e i n c l uded ; of ow n e r s of p r i vate l ib ra r i e s , a n d of o t h e r s . S h e i st h us fu l ly j u st ified i n sav i n g t h a t “ n o pa i n s h a ve bee n spa1 ed tom ake t h e b ib l i ograp h i e s as co m plete as poss i bl e . T h ey a r e g1oupedu n de r t ln ee h eads— Ma n usc r i pt He1bal s

,T 1 eat ises o n t h e V i r tue s of

He r bs , etc . ; E n gl i s h He1bal s (p r i n ted book s ) ; and F ‘O i eign He r bal s

each g1 oup i s a r r a n ged chr gono logic 1i l l 3 ,t h e dates of t h e E n gl i s h

l1e1bals r a n gi n g f i o m 11 35— t h e D c p roprze ta tzbns r erumof Ba l tho lomaeus A n gl ic u s , al r eady r efe r r ed to— to Lind ley

’

sF l ora M edica

I n eac h i n s ta n c e t h e ti tl e i s gi ve n i n fu l l . a n d i n t h e fi r s t sec tio n ,w h ic h i s of espec ia l val ue , t h e l i b r a r ie s co n ta i n i n g t h e va r i ous w o rk sa r e spec ified ; i n m a n y cases u sefu l a n d i n te r esti n g co m m e n ts fo l lowt h e ti tl es . T h e r e was doubtl es s so m e r eason — poss i bly t h e ex i ge n c iesof spac e— w h ic h a r r ested t h e l i st at 1838 ,

but o n e w ould l ik e to h a ves ee n i n c l uded F l iickiger a n d Ha n bu r y s P lzar

°

1nacog1 ap lu a ( 18 71 ;ed . 2 , 33 b ie l i c o n ta i n s m uc h infoimat ion cog n ate to t h e s ubjec to f h e r bal s .

\Ve ca n n ot , h ow e ve r , co n c l ude w i t h out exp r ess i n g ou r r eg r e t t h atM iss Ro h de has n ot i n c l uded i n h e r book r efe r e n c es to t h e ea r l i e rw o r k of ot h e r s i n t h e sa m e fi eld . “( e h ave a l r ead y m e n t io n ed t h i so m iss io n i n r e latio n to Cocka y n e

’ s Lc c c lu loms and D r . A r be r ’ sH e rba l s

,but at l eas t a s r e m a r kabl e i s t h e abse n c e o f a n y a l l us io n

an vwhei e to t h e s i n gula r ly at t 1a e t i3 e l i ttle vol u m e o n E ngl ish P l an trV ames f1 0 1n t ll c Te n t/1 t o t lzc 11 0mteen t li Con/a ; 1/ by t h e Rev . Jo h nE °

a1 1e (C la r e n do n P r ess ,'

1 h i s n o t o n ly co n tai n s l i s ts f1o mn i n e vocabu la r l es ( i n c l ud i n g l l‘]l f1 ic and A pul e i u s ) , but a ve r v r eadablea s 33 el l as leai ned int i oduc t io n of m o i e t h a n a h u n d r ed pages i n33 l 1ic l1 t h e s i g n i fica n c e a n d ide n t ificati o n o f t h e o ld n at i ve pla n tn a m ess a l e d is 1 us se d ; t he n otes s h ow the lea r n i n g w e s h ou ld expec t

THE om) ex omsn 1113 11131 13 h

f r o m t h e P r ofesso r of A n glo - Saxo n i n the U n i ve r s i ty of Oxfo rd,as

w el l as a k n ow l edge of pla n ts a n d of the h i sto ry of bota n i ca l n o m e n c latu r e . I t see m s i m poss ible t h at M iss l tohde s h o u ld h a ve o ve r lookedt h es e w o r k s— i n deed , s h e quotes f r o m D r . A r be r by n a m e o n p . (

5 7 ,

but w i t h out a n y i n d i cat io n of t h e book w h e n c e h e r ext rac t i s take ni n a n y case , w e h ope t h at i n t h e seco n d ed iti o n of h e r att rac t i ve book ,w h ic h w i l l a s su r ed l y be cal led fo r , th e emissions w e h a ve fe l t i t o u rd uty to i n d icate w i l l be d uly suppl ied .

The Roman ce of five Ap o thecar ies’

G arden a t Che l sea . ly F .

] ) AWTRE Y DRE WITT , M .A . , M .D . , C r ow n o cta vo ,c loth pp . x i i

,106 ; 11 i l lus t ra t io n s . P r i c e 7 8 . 617. net . C h ap m a n

a n d D odd , 1922 .

IT w as a h appy i n spi r atio n w h i c h mo ved D r . D rew it t , w ho repre

se n ts the Co l lege of P h ysi c ia n s o n t h e Ma n agi n g Co m m i ttee of t h eC h el sea P h y s i c Ga r de n , to p r oduc e t h i s de l i g h tfu l l i ttl e vo l u m e .

He j ust i fi es i ts t i tl e o n t h e g rou n d t h at “ i t i s i n d eed a romance ”

t h a t , n otw i t h sta n di n g t h e co n t i n ua l dest r uc ti o n o f i ts old l ife b ym odem Lo n do n

,

“ t h e peac efu l G ai de n of t h e Apot h eca r ies s h ou lds ti l l be teac h i n g its s tude n ts t h e n a m es a n d matu1 e of pla n ts

,as i t did

i n t h e days of t h e Stua r ts ;‘

a n d he t ra ces i ts h i sto ry f ro m i t sfo u n dat io n i n 1617 to i t s r e l i n qu i s hme n t by t h e Apothocaries

’

Co m pa n y to t h e C h a r ity Co m m is s i o n e r s i n 1893 , a n d so o n t o it s

p r ese n t pos i t io n u n de r a Ma n agi n g Co m m i tte e , of w h ic h , a s h a s bee nsa id , D r . D rewit t i s a m e m be r . T h e Ga r de n h a s t h u s had so lo n g a

h i s to ry t h at i t m ust h ave bee n ditiicul t to co n de n se i n to r easo n a bl ec o m pass a n accou n t w h i c h s h ould co m bi n e a r eco rd of facts w i t h a

n a r rat i ve s ty l e w h i c h s h ould appeal to t h e ge n e r a l r eade r bu t i n t h i sD r. D rew it t h as bee n e m i n e n tly s uccessfu l .T h e fi r st book 0 11 t h e G a rde n (apa r t f r o m l i sts of i ts co n te n ts ) by

He n ry F ie ld , 11 m e m be r of t h e Cou r t of t h e Soc i et y of Apot h eca r i es ,was p r i n ted i n 1820 at t h e expe n se of t h e Soc i ety fo r d i st r i buti o n toits m e m be r s ; a g r ea tly e n la rged ed iti o n by D r. R . H Se m ple

,

publ i s h ed m 1878 , con ti11uc s t h e h isto rv of the Ga 1de n to t h a t pe1 iod ,

and o n t h i s D r D 1 e3v i tt h a s chie tly depe n ded i n ack n ow l edgi n gt h i s

,how eve1 , h e adds t h at ot h e r w e i h s of i n te r es t h a ve bee n co n

sul tec a n d t h e n um e r ou s e v ide n ces of t h i s inc i eases the att i t e t iven ess of t h e vo l u m e .

An excel l e n t sketc h of t h e l i fe of S loa n e dese r ved l y occupi es mauvpages , fo r i t was he w ho

,as ow n e r of t h e Ma n o r of C h e l sea , p r e

se n ted t h e P h y s i c G a rde n , w h e r e h e had l ea r n t bota n y to t h e Apo t heca r i es ’ Co m pa n y ; D r. D rew it t t h i n k s t h at Sl oa n e St r eet . w h i c h bea r sh i s n am e , w el l r ep r ese n ts his l i fe : t h ose w ho w al k al l the way dow ni t k n ow t h at i t i s ve 1y lo n g , obv iousl y p rospe r ous , a n d pe r fec t l ystiaigh t !

” A m o n g t h ose co n n ected w i t h t h e Co m pa n y o r w i t h t heGau len , T h o m a s Jo h n so n , l

‘c t ive r , l l aud , l

’h il ip Mi l l e r . “

’

h eel e rand Fo r syt h r ece i ve spec ia l atte n t io n 1m o n g t he v i s i ts to t he

G a rde n , t h ose of L i n n ae u s and Ka h u are t r eated at so m e l e n g t h — w e

n ote t h at D r . D rcw it t accepts the t rad i t i o n w h i c h co n n ec t s Linua'us

w it h the fu r ze o n l ’ ut n e 3 l l eath . T h e r e i s a pat h et i c accou n t o f


t h e Ga r de n ’ s decl i n e i n 1853,w h e n “ L i n d le y ’ s se r v i c es [as Pro

fessor of Bota n y] w e r e d i spe n sed w i t h ; s umm e r l ec tu r es c eased ;pe r m a n e n t labou r e r s w e r e d i s c h a r ged ; a g r ee n h ouse w as so ld ; te n d e rpla n ts w e r e exc h a n ged for h a r dy o n es , a n d n o fi r es w e r e l i t i n the h oth ouse w h e r e Mi l le r had g row n so m e of t h e fir s t t rop i ca l o r c h ids se e ni n E n gla n d .

” T h e p r ese n t pos it io n of t h e Ga r de n h a s a l r eady bee nm e n t io n ed , a n d w i t h a su m m a ry of i ts p r ese n t w o r k t h e book co ne l udes .I t r e m ai n s to be said t h at t h e book i s s u itably i l l us t r ated a n d w el l

p r i n ted— t h e f r o n t isp iec e , r ep r oduced f ro m Fi eld a n d Se m pl e , s h ow st h e Ga r de n f r o m t h e r i ve r befo r e t h e bu i ld i n g of t h e C h e l sea E 111

bankment in 1874s ; t h e po r t ra i t i n t h e t i tl epage o f Jo h n so n’ s

G e ra r d , h e r e r ep r oduc ed in r educed fac s i m i l e , i s n ot h ow e ve r ofJo h n so n , as stated i n t h e l ette r i n g of t h e plate , but t h at of G e ra r di n t h e o r i gi n al ed i t io n of t h e If erba l l . T h e c o n te n ts of t h e vo l u m ea r e r e n de r ed ac cess i bl e by a fu l l tabl e o f co n te n ts and a good i n d ex

,

and t h e h ead i n gs of t h e pages a r e s u itably u t i l i sed— of how few

books ca n a l l these t h i n gs be said !

Carot inoizls and r e l ated P ip/men ts : The Okr oano l ipoids . ByL . S .

PAL M ER . A m e r i ca n C h e m ica l Soc i ety Mo n og rap h Se r i es . T h eC h e m ica l Cata logue Co m pa n y , N ew Yo r k , 8 vo , pp . 31 6

,

t wo plates . n et .

CAROTINO ID S (chromol ipoids) co m p r i se c e r ta i n of the r ed , o ra n ge ,a n d yel low pig m e n ts of p la n t s a n d a n i m a l s , so m e be i n g h yd r oca r bo n s

( ca r ot i n s ) , ot h e r s oxy- h\ di ocaibons 0 1k u n de rn oti c e i s a n ex h au st i ve accou n t of t h e p r e se n t state of 0 111 k n ow l edgeof t h es e 11 1de spi ead substa n c e s , a n d al so i n d i cates c l early t h e n u m er o us l i n es al o n g w h i c h fu r t h e r r es ea r c h i n to t h e i r n a tu r e a n d occ u rr e n c e i s n ec essa ry . T h e earl ier chapters a r e devo ted to a co m p r e h e n s i vec o n s ide r at io n of t h e d i st r i bu ti o n of ca r ot i n o id s i n pla n ts a n d a n i m a l s

,

i n w h i c h t h e o n l y o m iss io n n oted i s t h at of t h e yel low s n ow a lgae ,11 h e1 e p ig m e n ts of t h i s t y pe p r obably occ u r ; t h e l atte r chapte l s dea lw i t h m et h ods of i sol at io n , prOpe1 t ies, qua n t i tat i ve e st i m ati o n s , a n dt h e l i k e . A pa r ti c ul a r l y i n te r est-i n g sect io n i s t h at i n w h i c h t h eb i o logical r el at io n s betw ee n pla n t a n d a n i m a l ca rot i n o ids are r ev i ew ed ,w i t h t h e co n c l u s i o n t h at al l a n i m a l ch romo l ipo ids a r e p r obablyde r i ved f r o m t h e ca r ot i n o id s of t h e food , e i t h e r u n c h a n ged o r s l i g h tlymod ified . T h e p r obab l e fu n c t i o n s of t h es e pig m e n ts a1e deal t w i t h i nt h e las t c h apte r , and i t beco m es e v id e n t t h it i n t h i s 1 espect ou1

k n ow l edge i s ve1y impe1 fect . A va luable bibl iogiaphy a n d a goodi n dex are gi ve n .


126 THE J OURNAL o r BOTANY

olog y of \V eeds . T h e pla n t desc r ibed i n t h e Feb r ua ry i ssue i s the“ Up r i g h t Sta r - f r u i t ”— A canfizosp ernzzun lu

'

sp z

'

dnm, a n at i ve of B raz i l ,t he A r ge n ti n e , and T ropica l A m e r ica , w h i c h has r ec e n tly bee n i n t r oduc ed i n to Sout h Af r i ca a n d i s t r oubl eso m e t o , sl 1eep

- fa r m e r s o nac cou n t of its bu r s , w h i c h a r e d i s se m i n ated i n va r iou s w ays . T h edesc r i ptio n i s acco m pa n ied by exc e l l e n t figu res

,s h ow i n g t h e pl a n t

and i ts ge r m i n a tio n , w i t h deta il s of r oo t a n d l ea ves . A s i m i la r se r i es,

0 11 t h e P oisonous P l an ts of S ontk Af r ica , is i ssued as a n i n depe n de n tpubl icatio n by t h e D epa r t m e n t : t h e fi r st i s de voted to “ Tulp ”— a

n am e appl i ed to va r i ou s spec ies of H omer ic a n d M ora n— w i t h aco lou r ed figu r e of H . p a l l z

’

zla ; t h e sec o n d to Sla n gkop Urginea

B arke i a n d U. macrocen tra,bot h of w h i c h are s i m i la r ly figu r ed .

THE B o/an ica l M agazine , now publ i s h ed qua r te r ly fo r t h e Roya lHo r ti cul tu ra l Soc iety a n d ed i ted by D r . Stapf , co n ta i n s i n i ts Feb r ua ryi ssue figu r es a n d desc r iptio n s of el e ve n i n te r estin g pla n ts

,t h r ee of

w h i c h — E aplw rbia anop l ia ,Amorp lzop lza l l us cof ea tns , a n d L ac lzen

a l ia con ra l l ar z'

ocl ora , a l l of Stapf— a r e new . T h e new art i s ts— A .

Kel le r and L . S n el l i n g— h a ve n ot yet acqu i r ed t h e fac i l i ty of M issS m it h

,as w i l l be see n by co m pa r i n g t h e i r w o r k w i t h h e r plates i n

t h e p r e se n t n u m be r ; D r . Stapf’

s n otes appe n ded to eac h spec ies a r eso m ew h at lo n ge r t h a n w e h ave bee n ac cu sto m ed to , a n d co n ta i n m uc hi n te r est i n g i n fo r m at io n a s to the d i st r i buti o n a n d t h e l i ke .

7THE G ardeners C’lzron z

'

c l e of Feb . 24: co n ta i n s a n a r t i c l e byM r . \V . Robe r ts g i v i n g a fu ll desc r i pt io n , w i t h r ep r oduct io n s f r o mp h otog rap h s of t h e t i tl e a n d la st pages , of The Or chard anrl G arden ,

publ i s h ed a n o n y m ou sly i n 1596 . T h e w o r k , w h i c h was r ep r i n ted i nThe Journa l of P ame la/w fo r August 1921 , i s of cou r se m a i n ly ofh o r t ic u l tu r al i n te r est , but h o r ti c u l tu r e a n d bota n y h ave m a n y t h i n gsi n co m m o n

,a n d ga r de n i n g books of ea r ly date usua l l y c o n ta i n infor

matio n w h i c h co n c e r n s bot h ; i t i s i n te r esti n g to n ote t h at Ada m I sl i pt h e p r i n te r of l e Or chard— of w h i c h t h e copy desc r i bed

b y M r . Robe r ts i s bel ie ved to be u n ique— was o n e of the t h r e epri n te r s of Jo h n so n

’ s ed i tio n of G e r a rd'

s H erba l . I n the Cbron z'

c l e

fo r Ma rc h 3 M r . R . P . B rotherston gi ves— al so , i t w ou ld appea r ,f r o m a u n ique copy— a fu l l acco u n t of The P lan ters ’

F l or is ts’

and

G ardeners’

P ocket D ic t ionary, by Ja m es G o rdo n , a n E d i n bu r g hn u r se ry m a n

,fo r w h o m i t was p r i n ted i n 1774 :

“ t h e r e i s a ve ryi n te r est i n g n ote o n flow e r s p r oduced f ro m seeds ; G o rdo n be l i e vedt h at double flow e r s w e r e dege n e rates , a n d n otes t h at stocks , w al lflow e r s

,m a r igold s

,la r k spu r s , a n d ot h e r s , f r o m seeds sel f- sow n o n

g rave l w al k s , gave m o r e doubl es t h a n el sew h e r e i n the ga r de n .

”

TH E B u l l e t in ( le l a S oc ie'

ie'

B oian igne de F rance ( lx i x . 7, 8 ;20 Jan . ) co n tai n s

“ Se m i -hermaphrodit isme c h e z le M er car la l is

a nnaa ,

”bv A . Rey n ie r ;

“ E tude s u r l a vegetat ion des va l l ées e nP r o ve n ce ,

”by .l . A ren es ; aurea

, sa f r uc ti fi cat io n ,”

l iv J . Davcau Un n ou vel h) b r ide de Sa l im(S . S . f rag/ {11'

s x

c lne rea ) , by l’

. Fou r n i e r : E t ude m o r p h o logique des in fl o rescenees duIl l /main s Lup ul us ,

b y M . M m e . Fernand‘

M o reau ; Une a n o m al i ec h ez la V i o l ette ,

”by E . L . G c rl iaul t ;

“ l it ude bio chimique de la

c h ute des feui l l es ,”bv R . (

’

oml 'c s D . Ko h l e r ; P ucc in ia

BOOK -NOTE S , NEWS . ETC . 127

br zjr/an l iaca, sp. n .

,by H . He i m ; t h e co n c lus ion of R . Soué ges

’

s

Recherchcs sur l’

embryogé nie des So lanac é es”; Quelques pla n te s

al i m e n ta i r es p r é h i sto r i ques de P r ov e n c e ,” by J . G at t efoss é ; o n

I’ seudo vossia, by A . Ca m us ; a n d a n i n te r est i n g “ H i sto r i que del ’eco le a n a lyt ique , by M . Gandoger, to w h i c h w e m ay r etu r n .

MR. J . S . G AM B IE’

S F l ora of the P residen cy of M adras co nti n n es to m ake s teady pr0 0

'

1 es s pa r t v (Adla r d So n, 10s . n e t) in

c ludes t h e o r de r s fro m E benaceaeto t h e m iddle of S crophzllarzacece , andexte n ds to tw o h u n d r ed pages . As w e h a v e r e m a r ked w h e n n o ti c i n gp r e v ious pa r ts

,t h e w o r k i s w e l l p r i n ted, i n s m al l but ve ry clea r type ,

a n d i s co n ve n ien t in si z e fo r t h e pocket ; w e t h i n k , h ow eve r , t h a t thevol u m e , w h ic h ah eady exte n ds to 962 pages , w i l l w h e n c o m pleted beso m ew h at i n co n ve n i e n t to h a n dl e .

WE a r e glad to note t h at M r . Jo h n I saac B r iq uet , who succeededE m i le Burnat a s D i r ec to r of t h e Co n se r vato i r e a n d Bota n i ca l G a rde nof G e n eva

,h as bee n elec ted a Fo r ei g n Me m be r of t h e L i n n ea n Soc i e ty .

M . B r iqu et ’ s w o r k i n co n n ex io n w i t h t h e fl o r a of t h e M a r i ti m e A l ps ,e xte n d i n g o ve r n ea r ly fo r ty yea r s , co n st i tutes o n ly o n e of h i s c lai m sto t h i s r ecog n it io n .

AT a r ep r ese n tat i ve m eeti n g of bota n i sts h el d at t h e L i n n ea nSoc iety ’ s r oo m s o n F r iday , Ma r c h 2 , i t was dec ided to h old a Confe r e n ce of B r i t i s h a n d O ve r seas bota n i sts n ext yea r abo ut the begi nn i n g of July . An exec u t i ve Co m m itte e was appo i n ted w i t h S i r D a v idF r a i n a s C h ai r m a n , M r . F . T . B r ook s as Hon . Sec r eta ry , a n d D r . AB . Re n d le as T r ea su r e r . A11 i n v i ta tio n to atte n d t h e Co n fe r e n c e w i l lbe se n t at o n c e to O ve r sea s bota n i sts .

THE K ew B u l l etin (Feb ) co n ta i n s a m o n og rap h o f t h e B r it i s hspec i e s of Cytosp ora ,

al p h abeti cal ly a r r a n ged , by WV . B . G r o ve

( 0 . L on icerw ,sp. G. s fic toso'md , desc r ibed i n t h i s Jou r n a l fo r

1910 (p . 190 ) i s now r efe r r ed to P homop s is ) . T h e r e are biog rap h iesof I saac Bayl ey Bal four a n d He n ry Jo h n E lw es , t h e latte r f r o m t h eGardeners

’

Chron ic l e , a n d a l i s t of do n at i o n s to t h e Ga r de n s ,Museum , a n d He r ba r ium du r i n g 1922

THE w h o le of t h e ei g h t pape r s i n t h e la st n u m be r of Anna les

Jlfyco loyici (xx i . n os . 1 1923 ) me conce1 ned w i t h sy st e m at i c111yco log

'1 he u sua l n u m be r of new ge n o1a a1 e p r oposed

,so m e of

w hi c h see m r at h e r t h i n . Faut 1eyhas now met a s i m i la r fate to t h a tof He n n i n gs

,w ho , i n the w o rds of l\l .1 11 11 11s , d i ed tw i c e— the th st t i m e

n atu ral ly,t h e seco n d 111 111de1ed by vo n l l o chne l . Fant i cy 111 1 arious

pape r s ( 1889—1899) desc r ibed a n u m be r o f new s pec ies , and K eiss ler

h erein publ i s h es a r ev i s io n of t h ese ; li ve ou t of fo r ty are al low ed to

s ta n d . P r es u m ably about the sa m e p ropo r t i o n of the t h ousa n d o r sonew ge n e r a w h ic h h a ve bee n “ m ade ” du r i n g the last t en yea r s w i l lm eet w i t h l ik e r e vi s io n .

— J . R .

THE B ul l etin. of’

the Torrey B ofmu'

ca l G l uh ( Feb rua r y ) c o n ta i n sa co n ti n uatio n of D r . l l vdl 1erg

’s n otes o n l to sac c zr , i n 11 l 1i1 l 1 the co n

t us io n 1e lat in 11 to l 1i11dl11y s’

1u 1s a l l (NH/M I is rc l 1- “ 11 1 1 d to but ba id l v

c l ea r ed up ; J . 11. S 1 h 1 l l 11e1 m i tes o n S ex l i1 \ 1‘l S : l l 111 t lic l apanese

[ 28 TH E JOURNAL or 130 11e

Hop ( 1 pl . ) G . E . O s t er h out d i scusse s t h e i de n t i ty of G eraniumcmspitosum. Ja m es ; a n d F . M . A n d r ew s desc r ibes a n d figu r es “

Ab

n o r m a l elate r s of P ore l la p l atyphyl la .

”

The B ul l e t in of the To7 reyB o tan ica l Gl uh fo1 Janual v co n ta i n spape i s 0 11 T h e Histolog1 of ce1 tain O 1 ch ids w i t h 1 efe1 enceto m uc il ige see i et ion a n d c rysta l fon nat ion ,

” by E d n a N . S m it h (1 plate ) ;Apoga m y 111 1’hegopte7 i s by E . D . W . B i ow n ; and

a cont 1nuat ion of D r. B r i tto n ’ s “ Stud ies of Wes t I n d ia n P la n ts ,”

c o n ta i n i n g n u m e r o us new spec ie s f r o m Cuba a n d T r i n idad .

Tow eya (No v .—D ec . 1922 ) co n tai n s a pape r by Ba 1 a 1d Lo n g o n

Sonchus u l iginosus— a pl a n t of eastei n E ui ope a n d A s ia — 1vl 1ic l1

o

was

fi1 s t not ic ed i n Pe n n sy l va n ia i n 1917 a n d i s sp r ead i n g t h r o ug h outt h e P h i ladel p h ia a r ea .

IN Rhodora fo r Ja n ua ry M . L . Fe r n a l d n a m e s as va r . H ooker iana

t h e Sou t h e r n va r i ety of The lyp ter is f ray/runs ,” a n d de sc r i be s a n ew

va r iety ( torr ce - novae ) of Tanace tuni huronense ; R . H . VVetmore g i vesa l i s t of t h e P la n ts of t h e Ha m i l to n I n l et a n d Lak e Mel v i l l eR egio n , Lab 1~ado1 ”

E . M . G r es s n otes t h e occu1 1 ence i n Penn sylva n ia of Fa l car ia Rw ini.

THE Anna l es du Jardin B o tan ique de B uitenzory ( vol . xxxn .

pt . 2 ) co n ta i n s Periodisehe1 Laubfa l l be i B 7 eynza ce7 n ua , by J . J .

S m it h ;“ Pei iodisch e B l iitenbildung be i e i n i ge n O l chideeri, by P .

A n eas ; D e 1 A m b r os ia P i l z de 1 T e1miten ,

” by A . Raat (4 plates )a n d a lo n g a n d inte1est ing pape r ( i n E n gl i s h ) bv W . D . van Leeuw e no n “ T h e

D

V egetat ion 111 1 92 1 of t h e i s la n d of Sebesy,s i tuated 111 t h e

S u n da St ra i t n ea r the i s la n d s of t h e K rakatau g roup ”

; a l i st of t h evasc ula r pla n ts of t h e i s la n d (2 plates) i s appe n ded .

THE Transactions and P roceedings of the P er thshire S ocie ty ofN a tura l S c ien ce ( vol . v ii. pt . 4 ; 1922) co n ta i n s a pape r by M r . J .

P1 . Matt h ew s,i l lust r ated by m aps , 0 11 “ T h e D i s t r i butio n of t h e Pe r t h

s h i r e F lo r a ” a n d a n ot i c e by Ja m es Menmes of C h a r l es M‘In tosh

( 1839 of w h o m so m e accou n t appea r ed i n t h e last vo l u m e oft h i s Jou r n a l ( p .

IN A rk ivf o'

r B otan ilc,1 , x i x . n o . 1 1 , M r . T h o r e C . E . F r i es has a

l o n g pape r,co n ta i n i n g desc r ipt io n s of m a n y new spec i es , o n “ D ie

A l chemil la -A r te n des Ke n ia , Mt . Abe rda r e and Mt . E l go n ,” la r gely

ba sed upo n spec i m e n s co l lec ted by h i m i n t h e sp r i n g of las t yea ri n t h e r egio n s n a m ed .

THE Orchid Review fo r Ma r c h co n ta i n s a pape r by M r . Ramsbotto m o n “ T h e Capac i ty of O r c h id s to su r v i ve i n t h e St r uggl efo r E x i ste n c e

,

” i n w h i c h h e co n t ro ve r ts a t h eo ry p r opou n ded byM r . Oakes A m es i n t h e sa m e j ou r n al fo r August las t as to t h e occu rre n c e of o r c h ids i n K rakatau , a s to w h i c h h e sees n o spec ia l ditiicul ty.

TH E N ew P hyto l oqzs t (20 Feb . ) co n ta i n s a c o n ti n uatio n of thepape1 o n I’ c i 1111 .1b 1l 1t 1 , b 1 “fal te r Sty l es and of t h e co n c l us io n o fthe “ P h ys io logica l St ud ies 111 Pla n tA n atomy ,

” by J . II Pi ic st leyand

J . E w i n g .


130 TH E JOURNAL or normr

l ateriflora. Siebe r c ol l ec ted A . l eptop hyl lum i n New Sout h Walesin 1823 ( 12 ) and i t i s now a co m m o n w eed i n E aste r n Aust r a l iaw h e n ce i t h as bee n i n t r oduced i n w oo l to E u r ope . I n 1826 C h a m i ssoand Sch lechtendal (14 ) r e co r ded i t f r o m C h i le , B r az i l , a n d Sa n toD o m i n go u n de r t h e n a m e S ison Ammi . I ts occu r r e n c e in Hu n ga ryand Po la n d i n t h e ea r ly pa r t o f t h e n i n etee n t h c e n tu ry i s a ttested bya spec i m e n se n t by P r of . Jan of Pa r m a to J . Gay i n May 1828 a sPimpine l l a dichotoma (He r b . t h i s be i n g t h e o n ly r eco rd f ro mt h e se cou n t r ies . I t re-a ppea r ed i n I taly i n 1829

,i n c u l t i va ted

g r ou n d o n a m ou n ta i n n ea r Naples , w h e r e i t see m s to h a ve beend isc o ve r ed by G ussone a n d was i de n t ified by Te n o r e ( 16 ) asS ison A nun i. T h us by t h e e n d of t h e yea r 1829 A . l ep fophyl l nmhad bee n r eco rded u n d e r t h r ee d iffe r e n t n a m e s : a s S ison A 7n7ni i n t h eV i e n na Bota n i c G a r de n , n ea r Pi sa and Napl es , a n d i n C h i l e , B razi l , a n dSa n to D o m i n go ; a s P inzp ine l la l ep tophyl l a (Aft/1am l ep l ophyl l a )f ro m Sa n to D o m i n go a n d Loui s ia n a ; a n d as P . la ter ifl ora i n t h eB e r l i n Botan ic G a rde n .

A . P . D e Ca n dol l e ( 17) po i n ted out in 1830 t h at P . l ep fophg/l l a

a n d P . l ater /f l ora w e r e conspeci‘

fic, a n d gave a c lea r accou n t of t h e

sy n o n y m y a n d geog rap h i ca l d i s t r ibu tio n of t h e spec ie s u n de r t h ena m e H e l osciacl imn l epf0p h’

7/ l l n7n . He w as , h ow e ve r , u n aw a r e ofSav i

’

s a n d Te n o r e ’ s I tal i a n r eco rd s u n de r S ison Ammi a n d S e se l iA nwni ; a n d w as i n doubt a s to w h e t h e r H . l ep iophg/ l lmn was id e nt i ca l w i t h S ison A nuni L . o r n ot . I n 1837 Berto loni (18 ) r ecogn i zed t h at t h e spec i es fo u n d at P i sa a n d Napl es di ffe r ed f r o m s on

Ammi L . as desc r ibed by S m it h He po i n ted out t h a t i t agreedin al l r espects w i t h t h e desc r ipt io n of H e losciarl izmn l ep top hg/ l lnmD C .

B ut a s Berto lon i, l i ke Sav i a n d Te n o r e , r ega rded i t as i n d ige n o us i nI taly, h e d id n ot ve n tu r e to ide n t i fy i t w i t h II. l ep fop hg/ l l um, w h ic his a n at i ve of A m e r ica h avin g m atc h ed i t w i t h p la n ts rai sed

‘

in t h eBota n i c G a rde n , Bolog n a , f ro m seeds o f P impine l l a laierifl ora Li n krece i ved f r o m B e r l i n , h e ga ve i t t h e n a m e S ison later ij

‘l or nm.

Apium l ep toPhg/l lmn 11as appa r e n t ly d i sappea r ed f r o m Tusca n yand Ca m pa n i a ( 15 , but was r e co rded i n 1897 f r o m Ligu r iaI t was n oted as h av i n g be e n fou n d in G er z by Fl e i sc h m a n n (22 ) a tM o n falco n e a n d betw ee n V i pacco a n d A idu ss i n a (Wippac h a n dHe ide n sc h aft) betw ee n 18 19 and 1842 . I t soo n d i sappea r ed , howeve r ; Tommasini fa i led to find i t a n d suggested (24 ) t h atFl ei sc h m a n n h ad obta i n ed h i s spec i m e n s f r o m t h e Bota n i c Ga r de n ,Lai bac h , w h e r e h e w as e m ployed a s a ga rde n e r ; Tonnnasini statedt h at a spec i m e n of A . l ep top hyl l am i n t h e He r ba r i u m of H ladnik ,fou n de r a n d fo r m e r d i r ec to r of the La ibac h Bota n i c Ga r de n

,was

l abe ll ed Pla n ta A m e r i cas meridional is , spo n ta n ea i n h o r to bo ta n i colabacens1. Acco rd i n g to Nym a n t h e s pec ies d i s t r i buted u n d e rApium l ep tophy/ l l n in i n Reichenbac l i Fl . G e r m . E xsicc . n o . 22 15 was

P tycho l is Anunoirles Koc h , but t h e spec i m e n u n de r t h at n u m be r mt h e Kew He r ba r i u m i s A . l eptophg/ l l um. Poss i bly Fl e i sc h m a n n mayhave col l ected P . A nmnoia’es at M o n fal co n e a n d betw ee n V ipacc oa n d Aiduss i n a ,

and suppl e m e n ted h i s m ate r ial w i t h spec i m e n s ofA . l ep l ophyl lmn f ro m t h e Re ta m e G a rde n , Lai bac h ; he d id n o tinc lude P . Ammoirles i n h i s flo ra . Ac co rd i n g to Pospicha l (26 )

111 11 111

11 LEPTOPHYLLU M 131

P . A7n7noides appea r ed a l m ost y ea r ly tow a rds t h e e n d of t h e n i n eteenth ce n tu ry i n t h e new l 1arbou1 at T r ie s te . I n t h e c ii cumstances

no r e l i a n c e ca n be plac ed o n Fle i sc h m a n n s record of A . l ep tophyl l um;ne ve r t h eless it i s not i n h e r e n t ly i m p r obab l e , as i s s h ow n b y t h eh i s to ryof t h e appea ranc e a n d d i sappea r a n c e of t h e spec ie s i n va1 i0 uspa r ts of I ta ly .

Apium l ep tophyl lumappea r ed m 1867 as a casua l at Ber '

nbuig,

A n h a lt, p r obably i n t r oduced w i t h gua n o f1 o m Sout h Ame1 icaa n d was fou n d by A l pe r s m 1898 at D 6 h 1 e n , n ea r Ha n ove r , appa1 e n tly i n t r oduced w i t h w oo l I n 1913 i t was discove1 ed i nScotla n d by Mis s I . M . Haywa r ,d o n t h e ba n k s o f t h e Tw eed ,betw ee n Galas h i el s a n d Mel r o se

'

a n d tw o yea r s late r Ae l len

fou n d i t i n Sw itze r la n d , at Base l I t a l so occu r s a s a n a lie n i nt h e N0 1t h - easte r n U n i ted States , West Af r i ca , Mau r i t i us , E as ternAs ia , Aust ra las ia , a n d Poly n es i a .

I n 1866 F . Muel le r (29) t ransferi ed P imp ine l la l ep tophyl l a toh e ge n us Ap zmn as A . l ep tophyl lum, a n d t h e latte r n a m e s h ou d beadopted ( i n t h e ge n us Ap7n 7n) u n de1 I n te r n at i o n a l Ru les (Art .

Ca ruel (30 ) at fi r st fo l low ed Lagasca (31 ) i n r ega rd i n g S ison A 777777 1

Jac q . as t h e type 0 f . a n i n depe n de n t ge n u s Cyc l osp er nzznn, a n d t he

sa m e v i ew was take n by Ny m a n (25 ) a n d Calestan i in 1889 ,

howeve1 , Cai uel ( 15 ) acc epted t h e n a m e A17 1717n l ep top h z/ l l nm,a n d

gave a n e xc el le n t su m m a ry of t h e occui rence of t h e spec i es i n I tal 1a n d Goiz ; h e see m s to h ave bee n u n aw a r e of t h e deta i led accou n t ofA . l ep l ophyl lnm, w h i c h U r ba n (33 ) h ad g i ve n t e n yeal s p r e v io uslyu n de r t h e new co m bi n at io n Apium A 7777ni T h ose w h o

fo l low Lagasca a n d Calestani i n t r eati n g P i777p ine l la l ep l op h z/ l l a

Pe1 s . as t h e type of a n i n depe n de n t ge n u s s h ou ld use t h e n a m eCYCLO SPE BM UNI LE PTOPHYILUM (co m b . T h e co m bi n at io n sAp iumA 7n7ni (Jacq . ) a n d Cycl osper 77777771 A 7717ni (Jacq . a1 e in1 al id ,

be i n g bas ed o n a W1ong dete1 1n inat ion . C0 ul ter a n d RoseS m a l l B r i tton a n d U r ba n (36) subsequent lv adopted thena m e Ap innz A 777777i (L i n n . ) o n t h e e r r o n eo us suppos it io n t h a tJacqu i n ’ s S isam A 7n7ni was i de n t ica l w i t h t h a t of L i n n aeus . As Ipo i n ted out m 1922 S ison A 7717ni L . i s 0 117 11 771 0 011110 11771.

'I l1em 0 1 e impmtant syn o n 1 m s , desc r ipti o n s , a n d i l l ustrat io n s of Ap i uml ep fophyl lmn a r e c i ted belo11 , toget h e r w i t h a sum m a ry of i ts geograp h i ca l dist1 ibut i0 n : fo r deta i l s 1 ega1ding t h e vai iet ies U1 ba n 5ac cou n t (33) m ay be co n sul ted .

APIU M LE r'

r ora Lun (Pe11

.s ) F . Muel l . ex Be n t h .

P 77np ine l la l ep tophg/ l la Pe1 s . ALI/711 .1111. lep tophg/ l l a Sp r e n g .

(1813) . IIe l osczad1717n l ep tophyl lumDC . Se l ina » : l ep to

phyl lum E . H . L . K rause Cyc l ospm77111 771 l ep 10p hyl /n 7n

Sp r ague 8 13 0 71 A 777771i Jacq . (1772 ) n o n Li n n . Sese l i AmmiSav i (1804 ) . Adl hnsa A777771i Sp r e n g . ( 18 13 ) Qac lo spernmm4 47717711?

Lagasca,

Apinm A 771771i Urb . 110 11 Cmn tz

H e l osciadimn Ammi B r i tto n P impine l l a Li n kIIe l osciadinm la ted/[ 0 7

1

11 771 Koc h S ison [uter i

fl o71u7n Be r te l .V ERNACULAR NA M E S : A n i s i l lo (Colo m b ia ) Cula n t r i l l o (Pe r u )

E neldo Pe r ej i l c i m a r r o n Apio s i l vest r e (39 )(A rge n t i n e) .


SELECTED D E SCR IPT ION S : Jacq . Ho r t . V indob . 11 . 95 (8 78 0 77Ammi) ; DC . Prodr. iv . 105 (H e/osc iadium l ep topkyl lwm) Berto l .

F l . I ta l . i i i . 283 ( S ison l ater z'

f l orum) B e n t h . Fl . Aust ra l . i i i . 373Ma r t . Fl . B ra s . x i . pa r s 1 , p . 34 1 (Ap iumA 77z177i) .

Jacq . Ho r t . Vindob. t . 200 (S ison A 77z771i) ;Ma rt . Fl . B r a s . x i . pa r s 1 , t . 91 (Ap ium A 771777i) Reic h e n bac h

, l c .

Fl . G e r m . Hel v . x x i . t . 19 ( t . 11 . 1— 8 (H e l osciadium l ep to

p lzyil um) ; F io r i et Paol etti , Iconogr. Ita l . f . 2277 ; B r i tto n a n dB r ow n , I l l . Fl . ed . 1 i i . 534 , f . 2689 ; Ha y w a r d a n d D r uc e , Advent i ve F l . Tw eeds ide , 70 , f . 17 (ApiumA 717777i) .

D I STR IBUTION : Sout h e r n U n ited S tates,f r o m No r t h Ca r ol i n a

to Flo r ida , w estwa r d to Texa s ; B e r m uda ; Mex ico , G uate m ala ,C os ta R i ca ; West I n d ie s ; G alapagos I s la n ds ; Colombia, 1 V enezue la,E cuado r , Pe ru, Bo l i v ia ; B ra z i l , Pa raguay , U r uguay , A r ge n t i n e . C h i l e .

A l so , as a n i n t r oduc ed pla n t, i n t h e n o r t h - easte r n U n i ted State s ;E u r ope ( Scot-l a n d , G e r m a n y , Sw i tze r la n d , I ta ly , Pola n d , a n d Hun

ga ry ) ; West Af r i ca (P r i n c e’ s I s la n d a n d A n go la ) ; Mau r it i u s ;

Japa n C h i n a (41 ) (S h a n g h a i , Ho n gko n g ) ; Au st ra l ia (Quee n sa n d

,N ew Sout h Wal e s , V i c to r ia ) ; New Zeala n d ; No r fo l k Is la n d

(42) New Ca ledo n ia , Fij i , V a vau, Ra r oto n ga .

REFERENCE S .

Nutt . G en . N . Am. Pl . i . 190 as Aft lzusa l eptop lzyl la .

T ra n s . N .Z. I n st . 1895 , xx v i i i . 504B r i tto n et B r ow n , I l l . Fl . ed . 2

,i i . 660

Jahresb . Naturw . V er . Liineberg, x i v . 62—70 Just .Jah resb . 1898 , i . 4 15 .

V erh . Bot . V er . B r a n d . 1867 , i x . 135 Asch e r s . et

G ia ebn . Fl . No r dostdeutsc h . F lach l . 520

Ann . di Bot . i . 49Pe n z ig, Co n t r ib . Sto r ia Bot . 21

Jacq . Ho r t . V indob . i i . 95 , t . 200Sav i , D ue Ce n t . Fl . E t rusc . 71

Pe r s . Sy n . i . 324L i n k , E n u m . Pl . Be r ol . i . 285Lasé gue , Mus . Bot . D el ess . 94

F . Muel l . Fragm. iv . 184 Seco n d Ce n sus Au st ra l . Pl».108 ( 1889 ) F . M . Bai l ey , Quee n s] . Fl . i i . 724

C h am . et Sc h l ec h t . i n Li n n aea, i . 386Pa r lato r e , Fl . Ita l . v i i i . 45 1Te n o r e

,Fl . Nap. i i i . 3 12 Sv l l . 146

DC . Trois1emc Not . Pl . Rar . Ja r d . Bot . G e n eve , 7DC . Prodr . iv . 10 5

Be r te l . Fl . I ta l . i i i . 283S m it h i n Rees , Cyc lop . x xx i i i . S is-0 71 n o . 4

Fio r i et Pao l . Fl . A n a l . Ita l . i i . 161Pe n z ig , Fl . Lig. Sy n . 68

Reichb . Fl . G e r m . E xsicc . n o . 2215 ; Fle i sc h m a n n , Uebers . Fl .Kra i n s

, 83

Reichb . Ic . Fl . G e r m . Hel v . xx i . 8Asc h er s . i n Vc rh . Bot . V er. B ra n d . 18 67 , i x . 136


Q

134, THE J OURNAL or BOTANY

Pim p in el la pseudo - cafl‘ra

,sp. n o v .

He r ba a n n ua g rac i l i s , c i r ca met ral is ; cau l e s i m pl i c e , e r ec to , glab r o ,t ereto f ol iis het eromorph is ; radical ibus simplicibus , t riangularibus,obtusis , membranaceis, utrinque glabris la te cordat is, marginibus

inzequal iter serrat is ; p e t iol is , lo n gi s , ad bas i m b r e v i ss i m e vaginan

t ibus, p i l i s longiuscuh s spa r se v est it is , sufi'

ul t is ; caul inis inferioribus

inze qua liter bisect is, marginibus exterioribus dent iculat is,dent ibus

nferioribus bitidis ; caul inis superioribus bipinnat is ; ad segme n ta sub

u lata inzequal ia d i s ta n t ia , reduc t is . Umbe l l e'

s glaberrimis , pauc iradiat is, tenuibus ; p edice l l is tenuibus ; i n vo l uc r o et in vo lucel lo 0 . Ca lyc l

'

e

den t ibus obso letis s tyl i s lo n gi s retlexis o va r io omnino glab r o , petal isal bidis .

Congo : Kundelungu, i n da m p places Kassner, 2783 ! in

He r b . Mus . B r i t .A s le n de r g racefu l pla n t i n flow e r ; qu ite glab r ous except fo r t h e

petio l e of t h e low e r l ea ves : p r i n c ipa l m easu r e m e n t app r ox imate ly ,r adica l [ea t-es — 6 x 5 c m . , pet iol e 10—12 c m ; l ower caul ine

Zea res lobes 5 x 15 c m . a n d 3 x 1 c m . , petio le 7 c m . ; upp er caul ine

l eaves cm. l o n g ; r ays of umbel —2 c m . ; ped i c e l s 4—5 mm.

T h i s l ike t h e p r ecedi n g , belo n gs to t h e s ubge n us E u-

p imp ine l lm,sectio n Tragose l inum. I t i s n ea r ly al l i ed to P . cq Ha r v . ,

w h i chi t m uc h r e se m bles i n ge n e r a l a ppea ra n ce , but i s w el l sepa r ated bybei n g qu ite glab r ous

,w h e r ea s P . cafi

'

a i s c o m plete ly c lot h ed w i t h ar at h e r h a r s h i n du m e n tu m ; i n P . cqfl

'

m t h e r ad ica l l ea ves a r e ofa t h ic ke r tex tu r e a n d co n s ide rably s m al le r s i ze .

A NEW CERCOSPORA ON HUMULUS .

BY E . S . SALM ON'

AND H . WOR M ALD .

IN Septe m be r 1922 w e obse r ved a fu n gu s atta ck i n g t h e l ea ve s ofthe c u l t i vated Hep ( Hzmzulus L up ul us i n a h op -ga rde n n ea rl an t erbury, Ke n t . On exami n at io n i t p r o ved to be a spec ie s ofC'

er cospom n o t h i t h e r to desc r ibed . We w e r e aw a r e , h ow e ve r , t h r oug hc o r r es po n de n c e i n 1919 w it h P r of . S . Ho r i

,of t h e Impe r ia l Agricul

tu ra l E xpe r ime n tal Stat io n , N is h iga h a r a , Tokyo , Japa n , t h at a spec i ese x i sted o n f l u /nu l us s pp . i n Japa n , a n d h ad bee n ca l l ed Cer ea

sp ora. IIumul i Ho r i . ” P r of . S . Ho r i h a s now se n t us exa m pl e s

o f h i s spec i es,w i t h t h e i n fo r m at io n t h a t t h e Japa n e se Cer cospm

'

a

o n Il a /nul us spp . w as desc r i bed as a new spec ie s i n my m o n og rap hof Japa n e se Ce rcospom in ou r la n guage .

”The E n gl i s h a n d t h e

Japa n ese spec ime n s w e r e fo u n d o n co m pa r i so n to belo n g to two

q u ite d i st i n c t s pec i es . A t t he r equest o f P r o f . Ho r i w e gi ve bel owt h e d iag n os i s ( i n E n gl i s h ) w h i c h h e commu n i cated i n h i s let te r .We h a ve added a d iag n os i s i n Lat i n , w h ic h fo r t h ose w ho do n o tr ec og n i se d esc r i pti o n s i n Japa n ese w i l l be i ts fi r s t publ i ca tio n .

T h e fo l low i n g i s t h e desc r i pt io n of our spec i es , w h ic h w e p r oposeto ca l l CPTC'OSPOTQ can tuar icnszs

C. c : n uariensis , sp. nov .

Macu l i s dc tin it is sparsis p r imo orbicularibus amph igenis i n pagi n as upe r i o r e co lo rat is ce n t r o g r i se i s ma r g i n e a n gusto pu r pu r eo - ln ‘

unneo

zo n a exteriore fia ro - vi r e n te c ircumdatis hyph is fert ilibus amph igenis

A NE W caneos rona ox IIUM ULUS 135

sparsis hyal inis vel d i lute brunneis plerumque simpl icibus r a r e bi fu rcati s cont inuis , bas i bulbosis su r s um at tenuat is ap i ce t runcat is 5070 11 lo n gi s ; conidn s magnis cyl indric is ut rinque at tenuat is obtus is

d i l ute brunneis rect is vel plus minus ve curvat is, demum 5— 14 - septat is ,1 14—380

,u x 12— 19 11 , plerumque c i r c i te r 200 p. x 14 11 .

I n fo l iis H umu l i L upul i L i n n .Cantuaria, A n gl ia (E . S . Sal m o n et H . Wo r m ald) .A C. H umuh

'

S . Ho r i m ac u l i s orbicularibus hyph is fert il ibus non

fasc iculat is conidiis m u lto majoribus stat i m dignosc itur.

CERCO SPORA HUM U LI S . Ho r i .Mac u l i s de tin it is sparsis angu laribus

— 2 m i l l . la t i s szepe c oal escen tibus ave l laneis hyphis fert ilibus amphigcn is i n cae spites de n s econgest is e bas i subsphaerica orien t ibus divergent ibus curvat is v e l

flexuosis nodulosis 1— 2 - septat is r a r e ramosis api c e obtusis bas i pa r umbulbosis d i lute brunneis 20—4-0 11 X 4 fl ,

conidiis fil iformi- obc lavat isd i l ute brunneis 4— 9 - septat is curvat is granulat is ap ic e obtusis bas it runcat is 5 6—90 p X 4 ,

u .

I n fo l iis v i v i s H umu l ijapon z'

ci Sieb . ct Zuc c . ( i n dige n ae ) nee n o nH . Lupu l i L i n n . (cul t fi Tokyo .

The desc r i pt io n w h i c h P r of . S . Ho r i s e n t i s a s fo llow sC’c r cosp ora Humu l i Ho r i MS .

Spots d i st i n c t a n gu la r 15— 2 mm. sc atte r ed , ofte n coa l e sc i n g i n toa la r ge i r r egula r spot

,d rab co lou r ed . So r i amp h ige n o us . Co n idi o

phores n u m e rou s , fasc ic l ed i n a h emi sp h e r i ca l fo r m , a r i s i n g f r om a.

s m a l l ce l l u la r base , f r ee e n ds scatte r ed , cu r ved o r flexuous, 1 - 2

n od u lose , 1— 2 - septate,r a r e ly b ra n c h ed , apex r ou n ded w i t h a sca r ,

base sl i g h tly bul late , l ig h t b r ow n , 20—40 11 l o n g , 4 p. b road . Co n id iafil iform obc lavate , lig h t b r ow n , 4 9 septate , c u r ved , apex obtuselypo i n ted

,base t r u n cated , 5 6 l o n g 4 11. b road , co n te n t s tiuely

g ra n u la r . — O 11 l i v img l ea ves of the w i l l H umu l usyapoo

mcus S ieb . et

Z ucc . a n d c u l tivatec H . Lup uh /s L . 111 To ln o a n d its v ic i n i ty . eiycomm o n , A ugu st to No vembe r .

”

U p to t h e p r ese n t 0 . can /unr icns is has bee n m et w i t h o n ly i n o n elocal i ty , v iz a h op ga rde n a t Ca n te r bu ry . I t was fou n d 0 11 the

l i v i n g l ea ves , fo rmi n g spots b1 a O1 1 1' 1 isl 1 (almost w h i te )c e11t1al p0 1 tion ( 1 5 111111 . diam. ) bo i de 1 ed b1 a da r k , pu1pl ish b1ow nl i n e

,outs ide w h i c h was a yel l ow i s h zo n e exte n d i n g fo r f ro m o n e to

se ver al 111111 . a n d m e r gi n g i n to t h e ge n e ra l g r ee n of th e l ea f. “’ h e i et h e s pots w e1e c l o se toget h e r th e ve l low zo n es coa l esc ed to fo 1m la 1geyel l ow 11 eas . '

l hese co lou r cha1ac t 1 rs w e r e mo i e co n spi c uous o n t heuppe r su r face 0 1 t h e spots t han o n the 10 11 11 1 .

'

Jhe co n id ia w e r efou n d to be p roduced o n th e g r ey ce n t ral po r ti o n of the spots . c ln e ll yo n the l ow e r s u rface but a l so oc cas io n a l ly o n the uppe r . T h eco n id iop h o r e s are 5 0 — 3

1 0 ” l o n g , s impl e o r occas io n a l ly fureate , 11o n

sept ate and sw ol l e n at the base . h val ine o r pal e b row n . T h e c o n id iaare. pal e 111 11 11711 111 c olou r e 1 l in 1l 1 ic :1l , a n d t: '

1pe1 ing to 11 a 1ds the e n ds ,11 h i c h a1 e i ounded . T h e y are cha1a1 te 1 ized bv theii li ‘

11ge s i ze be inwusual lv 200 11 o r m o r e i n l e n gt h in about 14 p. thev ai e 1 e1 1 1 a1 iable

h ow e ve r i n t h i s 1espec t , the l imi t s obse r ved bei n g 380 x 12—19 14 .

T h e septa,too , a r e ve r y va r ia bl e i n n umbe r , 5 to 14 bei n g obse r v ed .

A n exa m i n at io n of t h e ?11:1t erial se n t bv l ’ro fessm Ho r i s h ow ed

t h a t n ot o n ly was t h e r e considemble ditference 111 t h e mo1pho legv of

30 TH E JOURNAL or BOTANY

t h e tw o s pec i es (pa r tic u la r ly w i t h r espec t to t h e s ize of the co n id ia ) ,but a l so t h at t h e s po ts p r oduced 0 11 t h e l ea ves w e r e d i ffe r e n t i n .

appea ra n c e . I n t h e Japa n ese Spec ie s t h e s po ts a r e bo rde r ed by t h e,

ve i n s of t h e l eaf , t h u s gi v i n g t h e m a quad ra n gu la r o r po lygo n a l ou tl i n e . I n 0 111 s pec i es t h e spots a r e mo r e c i r c u la i i n o utl i n e , a n d t h eda i k l ine betw ee n t h e g1 ey cen t i al po 1 ti o n a n d t h e ye l low oute r zo n ei s a co n s p ic uo us featui e of t h e f r e s h l ea f. We could li n d n o ev ide n c eo f t h e p r ese n c e of t h i s da r ke r bo r de r 0 11 the Japa n ese spec ime n s , andP r o fes so r Ho r i does n ot desc r ibe o n e t h e r e was some yel low i n g to besee n r o u n d t h e spots

,h ow e ve r

,t h i s be i n g e v ide n t e ve n 0 11 t h e d r i ed

l ea ves .

THYMUS LANUG INOSUS IN HERB . M ILLER .

BY A . J . WI L M OTT , F .L . S .

OCCA SIONAL e n qu i r i es h a ve bee n r ec ei ved at t h e Na tu ra l H i s to ryMuseum a bout t h e types o f Thymus spp . of M i l l e r ’ s G a rde n e r ’

D ic t ionaiy. T h e s p ec ime n s of T . ovams , T. glabe r , a n d T . odomtIS S l I/l l l s a1e 1V1 i tte n up w i t h t h ese n ame s by So la n de r . w i t h He1 ba 1 .

Mil le r ” 0 11 t h e ba ck of t h e s h eet . T h ey m ay r easo n ably be u sed asty pes to gi ve g r eate r p r ec i s io n to t h e M i l le r n a m es . But w i t hT . Immyin osus t h e case i s d i ffe r e n t , a n d the obj ec t of t h i s n ote i s toexpla i n t h e r e la t io n of t h ese spec i m e n s to t h e M i l l e r n a m e .T h ey a r e p r es umably t h ose i n d icated by Sola n de r as p r ese n t in

He r b . Mil l e r by a m a r k i n t h e Museu m copy of Mi l le r ’ s D ic t . ed . 8 .

T h e s h ee t i s w r i tte n up o n t h e f r o n t i n t h e sa m e w ay as t h e ot h e rt h r ee

,i. e .

,T/zymus [anuginosus Mi l l . D iet

”; but 0 11 t h e bac k i s

w r i tte n “ Gal l ia Loc i s mon tosis c i r ca Fou n ta i n eb leau . I n t h eD ic t ionary w e r ead t h at t h i s “ g row s n atu r al ly i n t h e fo r est ofFo n ta i n ebleau i n F ra n c e

,but t h e r e i s~n o m e n ti o n of “ loc i s m o n a

t osis .

” "

T h is fact i n di cates t h at t h e i n fo r m atio n was copi ed bySola n de r f r o m a ti cket t h at was w i t h t h e pla n t i n He r b . Mi l le r ; t h i st i cket was t h e n dest r oyed as w as c ustom i n He r b . Ba n k s . But t h eSpec ime n s do n ot ag r ee w i t h M i l l e r ’ s desc r i pt io n . T h ey cou ld n ot bedesc r i bed as w i t h smal l o val , spea r - s h aped , h oa ry lea ves,

” s i n c e t h eyare fa i r ly typica l spec ime n s of T . Seq y/ l l umva r . angust if o l ius (Pe1s . )B i l l o t 8 28 , Sc h u l tz 1814 .

The sol uti o n of t h i s d i sc r epa n cy i s p r obably ve ry s i m pl e . Af te rt h e Wa r I stud i ed ca r eful ly t h e w h o le se r i es of (E u r opea n ) s h eets ofHe i l .) M i l l e 1 w h ic h h ad bee n sel ec ted as types fo r spec ia l p1ese1 vat ionMa n y fac ts become e v ide n t f r om t h e exami n a ti o n of a la r ge se r i esw h ic h had i emained unce1 tain f r o m t h e study of so l i ta ry i n sta n ces .I t w as q u i te c e r ta i n t h at ma n y s h eets w i t h n o infon nation o n theh ack w e r e se n t f rom He rb . Mil le r w h e n t h e n a m e w as w r i tte n up o nt h e s h ee t as of “ M i l l

,D i ct . ” o r e ve n o n ly “ L . M .

”(Linnze us ,

Mil le r ) o r M . L . T h i s h a s al r eady been s h ow n by M r . B r i tte n i nt h i s Jou r n al fo r 10 13 But i t al so beca m e c lea r t h a t pla n tsw 1 i tte n up we1e al so He1b . M il le1 , be i n gpa i t of Il c 1b l l o usto un , of w h i c h t h e o r igi n a l t i c kets a1e so m eti m es

pi esei ved . Man1 a r e a l so mei ely label l ed“ Hw t . 1 cg. pai is .

” o r


138 THE J O URNAL o r BO'

I‘ANY

A s y n ops i s of t h e pape r (“ T h e No m e n c latu r e of Types i n

Na tu ral H i s to ry,

’ b y t h e au t h o r and S . S . B uck m a n ) i s p r i n ted inA n n . Mag . Nat . His t . x v i . 102—1 i n w h ic h t wo add i tio n a lte r m s are p re posed and o t h e r s ugges t i o n s a r e m ade . T h e fo l low i n gab r idged and s l i g h tly m od ified sc h e m e i n c ludes such of t h e te r m s asm to be r equ i r ed fo r bota n ica l pu r poses .If i n t h e o r i gi n a l plac e o f publ icatio n of a n ame '

a s i n gl e spec i m e no n ly i s c i ted , tha t spec i m e n i s t h e ko l o i‘ype . I f two o r m o r e spe c im e n s a r e c i ted

,eac h i s a s

'

z/n fype . If a sy n type i s e i t h e r e xpl i c i tlyi m pl ic itly i n d icated by t h e aut h o r as t h e type i t i s t h e ho lo/ype ,

and t h e r e m a i n i n g spec i m e n s a r e parafiz/pes . l f t h e syntypes h aveequal c la i m s to be r ega r ded as t h e type , a n a ut h o r m ay subseque n tlyse l ec t o n e of t h e m w h ic h i s t h e n te r m ed t h e Zecto type , t h e r e m a i ning o n es beco m i n g paratypes .

Spec i m e n s s ubseque n tly dete r m i n ed by t h e o r i g i n al aut h o r o r bya spec ia l i s t are s t r ic tly s peak i n g n ot types , bu t a ut h e n t icated spec im e n s . I f t h e o r ig i n a l type o r syntypes a r e lost , t h e be st a ut h e n ti cateds pec i m e n a va i lab le m ay be t r eated as a w o r k i n g typeT h e se - ca l l ed fopofyp e i s a spec i m e n gat h e r ed in t h e o r i gi n a l loca l i ty .

A11 a ut h e n t icated topotype i s a me é az‘yp e . N0 spec ia l te r m s a r e i no u r o p i n i o n r equ i r ed fo r ge n e r i c types . Fo r exa m ple , i f se ve ra l spec i e sw e r e o r i gi n al ly i n c l uded i n a ge n us , eac h m a y be ca l l ed a sy n typespec ies . Co m bi n at io n s suc h as genosyntype a n d pa r a l ec to typeare bo t h cu m b rous and s upe r fl uo us . E xp r ess io n s such as “ ty pegat h e r i n g ” a n d type - n um be r n eed n o expla n atio n .

E D . JOURN . Bor ]

FRE SHWATE R PLANKTON ALG z’

E FROM CE YLON.

B Y W. B . Cnow , M . sc .

, PH .D .

(Cont inued fr om p .

APHANOCAPSA Naeg.

R ep r ese n ted i n t h e f r es h wat e r pla n kto n of Cey lo n by s pec i es w h i c hh a ve been r eco rded f r o m E u rope and N . A m e r ica . T h e d ete r m i n at io no f spec i es i s r e n de r ed ditticul t i n o u r m ate r ial , ow i n g to t h e abse n c e off r es h c olo u r

,w h i c h i s us ed as a spec ific c h a racte r T h e m aj o r i t y of

s pec i m e n s me t w it h w e r e ta i 1 l y w e l l defi n ed 0 11 t h e bas i s of ot h e rc hame te1 s ; i n t h os e 1 eco idcd below , the uncei tain ty d ue to lac kof co lou r - c h a rac te r i s ve1y s l ig h t . A few do uht tul fo r m s are o m i tted .

A . J’ L'

LC IIRA (Kue t z . ) l iabenh . F ree - fl oati n g5 . D is /r . E mu, N . A m e r .

A . W. A ( i S .

'

l‘yc ho l imnet ic . L oc . 6

, 7 , 8

D is /r . W. I n d i es ( f . confe r /(1 i n S . Afr . , N .

A . G R E VIH JM (Hassa l l ) l l ahenh . A pa r t f ro m t h e col ou r of thecel ls— w h ic h i n t h e co lo n i es col l ec ted f ro m the ta n k s at Anuradha

poo 1a w as st i l l d i st i n c tly bl ue -g r ee n , u n l i ke the pal e g r ey of A . p ul

chm— fl . G r ew /l ei can be d i sti n gu i s h ed b y i ts m o r e c row d ed ce l l sand m o r e defi n i te co lon ies . In t h is m ate r ia l t h e c el l s w e r e co nsiderably m o r e c ro wded t h a n i n Wes t

'

s figu r e t h e fo r m s app r oac h i n g

FRE SHWATER PLANKTON AT1O J? FRO M CEYLON 39

t h o se of so m e spec i es of M icrocys t is , f r o m w h i c h t h ey ca n b e d i st inguished by t h e abse n c e of pseudo vac uo les o r . i n t h e ca se o fmmgma ta , by t h e i r m o r e i n defi n i te o utl i n e . A . G revz

’

l l e i i s n o tusual ly a f r ee floati n g spec ies , al t h oug h W. G . S . Wes t fou n d apla n kto n va1 iety of i t at Ba l l inahinch , L e la n d , w h i l st m o r e r ece n t lyG . M . S m it h fou n d i t a s a facul tat i ve pla n kto n t i n W i sco n s i n . T h eCeylo n spec i m e n s w e r e e v ide n t ly f r ee - float ing colo n i es , s l i g h tl y e l l ipso idal , a ve ragi n g about 80 ,

u lo n g a n d 70 ,1 w ide . T h e dete r m i n a t i o nin t h e case of t h e seco n d local ity m e n tio n ed bel ow i s doub tful

,o n

accou n t of t h e lac k of co lo u r i n t h e m ateria l . He r e i t w as fo u n da m o n gst float i n g algae a n d i n b l u i s h - g r ee n scum at so m e po i n ts n ea rt h e m a r gi n . L oc . 2 , 9 . D z

’

s tr . E ur. , N . A m e r .A . DE LICATI S SI M A W . G . S . West . T h e ce l l s w e r e app r ec iabl y

blue -g r ee n in t he co l l ect io n s f r o m t h e loca l it i es r eco rded below . As i m i la r o rga n is m occ u r s i n se ve ra l of t h e ot h e r spec i m e n - tubes , but asi n t h ese t h e c e l l s a r e a t p r ese n t colo u r l ess , i t i s qui te l i ke ly t h a tt h ey m ay h a ve be lo n ged to bacte r ia . Suc h bac tei ial gi oups ai e

not ra1e in t h e pla n kto n . T h e s ig n ifi ca n ce of t h e d1sco ve1 v of b l ueg r ee n a lgae of bac te1 ial s i ze h as bee n c o m m e n ted o n by G . M . S m i t h

(Wisco n s i n P h ytopla n kto n , Ce l l s 5 11. p.

D is tr . E mu, N . A m e r .

APHANOTHE CE Naeg.

No t rue p la n kto n spec i es obse r ved .

A . STAGN INA ( Sp r e n g . ) A . Br. T h e r ep r od uc t io n of t h e colo n i estakes plac e by vegetat i ve b r eak i n g of t h e m uc i lage m asses . T h ep roducts of t h i s a r e p r e sum ably t h e microsco lnc Sp h e r i ca l m a sses ofv a ry i n g s i ze w h ic h w e r e fa i r ly n u m e rous . All s tages w e r e see nf r o m t h ese m ic r o scop ic s ph e r i ca l m asses to la r ge i r r egula r m ac r oscopi cm asses . 111 t h e l i m i ted m ate r ial a t ou r d i sposa l t h e la r gest w e r eabout 4 m m . in l e n gt h , al t h oug h t h i s spec i es i s s tated to a tta i n t h es i ze of a w al n ut . L ee. 1 1 . .D istr . E ma, N . A m e r .

M rcnoer sr l s Kuetz.

As fa r a s o u r obser vat io n s go , t h e m e m be r s of t h i s ge n u s w ouldappea r to be by fa r t h e m os t i m po r ta n t c o n s titue n ts o f t h e f r es h w ate rp h ytopla n kto n of Ce y lon a t t h e pe1 iod w h e n t h e col l ec t io n s n e i e

m ade . A desmipt ion of t h e new s pec i e s ohse1 ved a n d a s tudy of t hec lass ificat io n of t h e ge n us i s pub l is h ed el sewhe1e (New 1

’l1 1 t

110 .

M . JERU GINO SA R uetz . I oc . 4 , 7 , 9 , 12 , 13 . D is/r . E ma,N . Amcr . , Ce n t r . Afr Madagasca r , Cey lo n .M . FLOS (VVit t r . ) Ki rc h n e r . L oc . 2

, 1 -1. 15 , 10 (wate rb loo m ) , 17 , 18 . D is/r . E ur . N . A m e r . At

'

1 .

M . C r ow . L oc . (5,9 aiid 16 (w ate 1 b l‘)

M . PS E UD UF ] LAM E NT O S \ C r ow .

(Menegh . ) .Ruetz . L oc . 3 ( r a r e ) , 1 ( ra r e) , 19 .

D is l r . E 1112,N . A m e r .

M . 1’

1 111D 1s (A . B r. ) Le m m . L oc . 3 . .Dis fr . E 1112 , Ce n t r . Afr.

M . HOLSATICA Le m m . Lac . 6 . D is/r . E m'

ope.

110 T HE J O URNAL or BOTANY

M . PULV E RE A. ( \V00 d) Migula . L oo. 15 (21 D is tr . Mostl yN . l iemisph .

Var . incer ta (Le m m . ) C r ow . L oc . 4 . D istr . E ur.

,N . A m e r . ,

Cev lon .

Fo r m a e l ongate C r ow . L ac . 4 .

M E RISM O P E DIA Mev e nRep r es e n ted by fou r s pec i es w h i ch a r e co m m o n i n t h e No r t h

Te m pe ra te Zo n e : a l l oc cu r a s occa s io n al co lo n ies sca tte r ed i n t h epla n k to n .

M . E LE Gaxs A. Br. L ac . 22 . D is tr . T rop ic s,N . Hemisph .

M . GLAUCA ( E hrenb ) Naeg. L oc . 2 , 8 , 23 , 21 , 25 , 26 . D istr .

G e n e ra l ( i n c l . Ceylo n ) .

M . T E NUIS SIMA Le m m . L oo. 14 . D is l r . E ur. ,N . A m en , Ant

a r c t i ca .

111 . 1) UNCT 1 TA Meye n . L ee . 27 . D is tr . Te m p .

CCE LO SPHE RIUM Naeg .

C . DU B IU M G r u n . L ee. 14 , 17 , 2 1 , 28 . D ish : E un ,Cey lo n .

C . KUTZINGIAN UM Naeg. L ee. 11 , 29 . D is t r . E 1111 , N . A m en ,

S . Af r .,A n ta r c ti ca .

C . CONFERT U M W . G . S . West ? Co lo n ies Sm a l le r t h a n desc r i bedb y \'V . G . S . West . d ia m . Ce l l s 2 p dia m . L oc . 5 ( r a r e ) .D istr . Afr. (M wangdan R i ve r ) , Cey lo n .

Oscil l atoriaceae .

Wel l r ep r ese n ted i n t h e p r ese n t co l l ec tio n . A n um be r o f spec i e sw el l k n ow n i n t h e p la n kto n of te m pe r ate f r es h w ate r s occu r s , a n dse ve ra l w h i c h h a v e p r e v io us ly o n ly bee n r eco rded a s be n t h o n i c , butw h i c h 1 eac h such a n abu n da n c e as d etac h ed fi la m e n ts a s to play a nappi eciable pa1 t as t vcho l imnet ic pla n kto n .

'

l l1c l i m i ts of the Osc il l a toaiacece a1e ag1eed upo n by m ostautho1 it ies . T h e in o1pho logical u n i t i s t h e t r ic h o m e , w h i c h 111 i ts e l fi s u n b ra n c h ed but 111 t l 1e

,higl1e1 1n embe1 s of t h e g1 oup fo r m s m u l ti

se r iate a n d e ve n b r a n c h ed fi la m e n ts by e n c lo su r e of se ve ra l w i t h i n aco m m o n s h eat h . I t i s , h ow e ve r t h e s i m ple r m e m be r s of t h e fa m i lyt h at are t h e m os t typica l pla n kto n o r ga n i s m s . I t i s t h e se

,too

,t h a t

s h ow ac t i ve m ot i l i ty ; t h e r e i s t h us n o r easo n fo r assu m i n g t h att h e s eptate co n d i t io n of t h e O sc i l lato r ia n fila m e n t 11as bee n de velopedi n r e latio n to t h e be n t h ic h ab it . T h e pla n k to n m e m be r s of t h eg r ou p n o doubt r ep r e se n t t h e p r i m i t i ve type , al t h oug h i n man vi n s ta n c es t h e i r ac tua l o r ig i n m us t be looked upo n a s a r et r og r e ss io n .

Sr raumNa Tu r pi n .

T h e t wo spec ies are fou n d m i x ed w i t h be n t h i c al gae ,a n d t h u s do

n o t belo n g to t h e t vpiea l p h ytopla n k to n . Thev a1o n ot attac h ed ,1s a1o so m e of t h e la r ge r spec ies , and con espond

°

111 t h e i 1 1110 1pho logyw i th t h e pla n kto n spec i e s of Os cil la tor ia . St izen ;be r ge r i s n o t d i st i n c t f r o m Spirul ina Tu r pi n , but i n c l udes t h e la r ge rspe c i es of t h e latte r . T h e p r o m i n e n t septat io n i n Ar throspim i sme re l v due to t h e la r ge r s i ze of i ts t r ic h o m es ; t h i s v i ew i s co n fi r m ed


142 THE JOURNAL or noraxr

c o n ve n i e n t to r etai n i t fo r fila m ents 1 11 i n w idt h w ith°

septa

sca r ce ly v i s i bl e and 110 ob vious s h ea t h . Mo r eo ve r , i n t h ose r ec o rdedh e r e a m o r e o r l ess yel low is h c ol ou r w as r e ta i n ed , a n d i n t h e spec ime n s f ro m Mancadaw ew a d i st i n c tly bl ue - g r ee n co n cave ce l l s w e r esee n . Theyare m ostly f r o m the heleoplankton . L oc . 30 (w ate rbloo m ) , 36 (wate r - bloo m ) , 4 1 , 47 . D is tr . Cosmopo l it

O sc i l lato r ia n fi l a m e n ts of bac te r i a l s i ze w e r e al so m e t w i t h inl oc . 13 , 42 , 43 . T h ese w e r e e i t h e r t h r ead bacte r i a o r bleac h ed fila

m e n ts o f spec i es of Oscil l ator ia .

BEGG IATOA T r e v .

B . ALBA (Vaucher) T re v .~L oo. 24 . D is tr . Cos m opo l ita n .

PHORMIDIUM Kuetz.

T h e fol low i n g w e r e m et w i t h as detac h ed t r i c h o m es ; in t h eabse n c e of t h e co lo n y t h e dete r m i n at io n s c a n n o t be r ega rded asc e r ta i n

RETZI I (Ag ) Go m o n t . Tychol imnetic . L ee . 32 . D is tr .

G e n e ra l (except Af r i ca ) .

P . LURIDU M (Kuetz) G o m o n t . Tycho l imnet ic . Loc . 50 . D is l r .

E ur.,N . A m e r . , W . I n d ie s , C ey lo n .

LYNGBYA C . Ag.

L . KUTZINGII Schmidle . Attac h ed to po r tio n s of fila m e n tousAl gae e tc . L ee . 5 1 , 5 2 . D é s ir . E ur .

,N . Am e r . , Af r ica .

Var . disz‘in cz‘a (Nordst ) Le m m . A va r iable fo r m . T h e s h eat h ofCeylo n spec i m e n s d id n ot sta i n w i t h C h lo r - z i n c -iod ide . Sl i g h tlycapi ta te . L oc . 9 . D is tr . E u r ope .

L . CONTORTA Le m m . A typical pla n k to n spec ies . In sp iderl i ke m asses . L oc . 5 . D istr . E ur . , Afr . , Ceylo n .

L . PUT E ALIS Montague . T h e typi ca l fo r m . S h eat h s tai n s w i t hC h l o r - z i n c - i od ide . L oc . 53 . D is tr . E ur .

, Ce n t r . A m e r .L . M AJOR Menegh . Tycho l imnet ic . T h i s fo r m s a n impo r ta n t

c o n st i tue n t of bl u i s h - black sc u m i n l i tto ra l a n d o t h e r r egio n s . S h ea t hdoes n ot sta i n w i t h C h lo r - z i n c - iod ide . L oc . 9 , 16 . .Distr . E ur .

,

N . a n d S . Am e r . , S . Afr. , Cey lo n .

L . LUTEA (Ag. ) G o m o n t . Tycho l imnet ic . I n float i n g m as ses .The typi ca l fo r m , s h eat h s sta i n i n g w i t h C h lo r - z i n c - iod1de. L oc . 9 .

D is/r . E ur. , N . A m e r . , W . I n d i es .L . MAJU SCULA (D i l lwy n ) Ha r vey ? A m a r i n e fo r m . T r i c h o m esd ia m . ; seg m ents i n l e n gt h . T h e r e w as a r i c h glycoge n

co n te n t i n so m e of t h e fi la m e n ts . L oc . 7 . D istr . Mostly E u r ope .

Nostocaceae.

ANABIE NA Borv .

T h e Nostocacea: a r e c h i efly r ep r ese n ted by t h i s ge n u s, w h i c h w as

abu n da n t o r a t l eas t f r eque n t , al t h oug h n e ve r suffic i e n t to fo r mapp r ec iabl e w ate r - bloo m . A t the t ime of col l ec t io n t h e vast m aj o r i tyof t h e spec ime n s poss e ssed no t rac e of spo r es

,a n d some w e r e eve n

w i t h out h ete r ocy sts , so t h at i n t h e 111ajority of cases ide n t ificatio n

FRE SHWATER PLANKTON FRO M CEYLON 143

was n ot atte m pted . Ste r i l e spec i m en s of Ana l/ (ma; w e r e fou n d i nl oca l i ti es 2

,5 , 8 (tw o spec ie s ) , 20 , 30 , 35 , 38 , 42 , 5 1 .

A . SPIROID E S K lebahn . A typica l pl a n kto n s pec i e s,co m m o n i n a l l

t h e fo l low i n g local i t i es , except ta n k Balal uw ew a ; but , a s n o spo r e sw e r e obse r ved , t h e ide n ti ficati o n i s n o t qu i te ce r ta i n . Lemmermann

r eco r ds va r . con iracta Klebs f ro m Co lo m bo Lake . L oc . 4 ,13 , 23 ,

36, 4 1, 54 . D is tr . Cos m opol i ta n ( i n c l . Cey lo n ) .

A . LAXA A . B r. Tycho l imnet ic . Cel l s 4— 6 p w i d e , abou t equa lin l e n gt h ; r es ti n g spo r es r o u n ded cyl i n d r i ca l , w ide a n d t h e o ld es tabo ut t h r ee t i m es as lo n g . T h e spo r es w e r e c lea r ly develo pi n g bye lo n gat io n of vegetati ve c el ls . L oc . 1 . D is tr . N . Te m pe r ate .

CYLIND RO SPE RMUM Ko etz .

C . STAGNALE (Kuetz. ) Bo r n . et Fla h . Fo r m w i t h ce l l s 4 6”d ia m . ; la r ge r t h a n type . L oc . 44 . T r op ics .

Scytonemaceae.

TOLYPOTHRIX Kuetz.

T . TENU I S (Kuetz. ) Jo h s . Sc h m id t emcnd . T h e o n ly diffc i encebetw ee n t h i s a n d T . lmwm(D esvaux ) Wa1 tm. i s o n e of s i ze . 0 111

spec i m e n s had fi la m e n ts 8 10 I“ d ia m . ,a n d the1efo 1e w o uld h a ve bee n

c lass ed as T . Zamo ra h ad n ot Sc h m idt s h ow n t h a t a l l s i ze -g radati o n sex i s t betwee n t h i s a n d the typ ica l tenn is . A studv of so m e B i it ish

spec i m e n s s h ow s t h at t h i s begi n s l i fe as attac h ed fi l a m e n ts 11 h i c h1ate1 beco m e fi ce float i n g colo n i e s abou t 2—3 ems. d ia m . ,

w h e r e i n t h eta n gl ed filame n ts s h ow eonside1able te n de n cy to rad ia l a1 1angemcn t .

T h i s w as e v ide n tly t h e case i n t h e Cey lo n spec i m e n s ] a m info imed

t h at t h ey w e r e fo r m i n g “ n um e r ous r o u n d floati n g masses r ou n d t h ema r g i n of t h e ta n k .

”Loc . 35 . D is tr . E ur . , N . a n d S . A m e r . ,

Af r i ca, Ceylo n .Stigonemacew.

HAPALO S IPIION Naeg.

H . LUTE OLU S W . G . S . West . Tycho l imnet ic . Lac .

'

3

D is tr . E ur. , Ceylo n .

Rivulariaceae.

RIVULAR IA (Rot h ) A

R . E CHINULATA P . R i c h te r . L oc . 5 . D is l r . Cos m opo l ita n .

CALOTIIRIX .

C . WEBERI Schmidlc ? Mate r ia l sca n ty , possibl v a stage. o f a

'

R ivu lar ia o r was h ed dow n from Sphagnoplankton ,w h ic h i s the

'

no r m a l h ab i tat of t h i s spe0 1es . L oc . 8 . D is /r .

'

1‘e 111per ate .

I I . CHLOROPHYCE E .

T h e plankto n membc1 s of t h e Isokont re ai e noa i l 1 al l u n i c el l u la ro rga n i s m s , a n d h e n c e 111 1y be g l oo ped i n th e 0 1der

°

7( N omi/110 1110 110(if/l es . T h ose r eco rd ed be low i n c l ude a vast propo i t io u of fo r m st h at h a ve bee n m et w it h i n te m pe rate r egio n s . but i n t h e s e t r opica l

144 THE JOURNA L or noraar

wate r s t h ey se ldo m co m pete s ucc essfu l ly w i t h t h e Cyanop kz/cmo

.

P a tio s /rum i s eco logi ca l ly by far t h e m ost i m po r ta n t ge n us . Ca' l fl s

1mm, [ f ir cbne r ic l lmand t h e D ic tyc sp /zaer ia cew see m a l so to bea m o n g t h e m o r e i m po r ta n t fo r m s ; S cenedesmus i s w e l l r ep r ese n t edOocg/s /is i s appa r e n tly m uc h less im po r ta n t t h a n in t h e E u r opea n andNo r t h Am e r i ca n l imn op la n kto n .

CHLAMYDOM ONAD -1LE s .

Spha rel laceae .

SPHE R E LLA So m m e r fe l d t .

S . LAC U STR I S (G i r od . ) “f it t r. A fe 1v do ubtful spec i m e n s . L oc . 9 .

D is r‘r . Te m perate .

Yorxox L .

V . AUR E L’ S E h renb. Loc . 15

,35 , 44 (abu n da n t), 56 ( ra re ) .

D is/r . E ur.

, Cey lo n .

Ch lamydomonadaceg .

Cu t an rnon oxas E h renb .

T h i s ge n u s , w h i c h h e r e a s e l sew h e r e does n ot fo r m a n i m po r ta n tc o n sti tue n t i n t h e p la n kto n of t h e la rge r p i eces o f w a te r

,was fo u n d

i n s m a l l qua n t it ie s f r o m loca l i t ie s 42 a n d 50 a n d doubtful ly f r oms o m e ot h e r loca l i ti e s . Spec ific dete r m i n at io n s w e r e n ot poss ible w i t ht h e m ate r ia l a t h a n d .

PANDOR INA Bo r y .

P . M ORU M Bo ry . No r m a l 16 - ce l led co lo n i es . L ee. 18 . D ist r .

E ur . ,N . A m e r . , Af r .

E UD OR INA E hrenb .

E . ELE GAN S E hrenb . Acc o rd i n g to West i t i s l i kely t h at tw od i s t i n c t va r i et i es ( spec ies ? ) a r e i n c l uded u n de r t h i s n a m e . T h e vas t11 11111be r s of co lo n i es obse r ved by \Vest i n G r eat B r i ta i n w e r e pe rfec t ly s p h e r ica l w i t h o ut m a m m i l la te outg r ow t h s ; but Co n rad (Rec .

I n st . Bo t . B r ux . i x . ) a n d Chodat (A l gues v e r tes ) r eco rd colo n ie s ofe l l i pso ida l fo r m a n d possess i n g m a m m i l la te ou tg row t h s t owa rds t h e

ph ia lopo ric pole t h e Ceylo n s pe c i m e n s are qu ite c lea r ly of t h e lat te rt y pe . I t m us t be n oted , h ow e ve r , t h at t h e c h a rac te r s i n quest io nare n o t a ltoge t h e r c o n sta n t . A few of ou r spec i m e n s ve ry c lo se l v

app r oac h t h e sp h eri ca l fo r m , a n d w h i l s t m a n y s h ow p ro n ou n c ed11111111111il lze ,

t h e latte r featu r e may i n o t h e r s be poo r ly de veloped and

s o m e t i m es e ve n abse n t . 1 11 v i ew of t h ese .fac t s , w e h ave h es i tated tor ega r d t h e m am m i l late fo r m as a d ist i n ct s pec ies o r e ve n va r i ety .

Mo reo ve r,a n al ogous va r ia n ts h ave bee n r eco rded fo r escapi n g

f ro m the oospo re s 1n s p r i n g .

Co n rad fou n d t h at E ml or ina c l e f/(ms h a s a m e m b ra n e st r uctu r eand p r otoplas m i c outgro nd hs as i n To l c ox aureus . Fu r t h e r i n vesti

gat ion s may s h ow t his . and ot h e r s upp osed 0 1170 Mi

r/ ( lomowadn ce ccbelo n g m o r e st r i c tly to t h e Sp lzmrc l l acc cc (cj C r ow , T h e - C lass ificat i o n of so m e Col o n ial i n New P h y t . x v i i . p .

L oc . 9 ,10 , 35 , 50 , 5 8 . D is /r . E ur . , As ia ( i n c l . Cey lo n ) , N . Zea la n d

,

N . A m e r .



ALNUS INCANA D C .

B r J . E . LITT LE , M .A .

As th e G r ey A ld e r was di st r i buted i n 1922 t h rou g h bot h theE xc h a n ge C l ubs , so m e col lec ted n otes upo n i t may pe r h aps be ofi n te r es t . T h i s a lde r i s n ot co n s ide r ed to be a n ati ve of B r i ta i n

,a n d

has n o t yet bee n d i sco ve r ed t h e r e i n a fo ssi l s tate : a cco r d i n g toA i to n i t w as i n t r oduced in 1780

”(D r. A . W . H i l l

,i n l i tt . Ap. 3 ,

1923 )“ co n s ide r i n g t h e geog rap h i ca l d i s t r i butio n o f t h i s pla n t

,i t 15

a r e m a rkable fac t t h at i t does n ot occu r i n B 1 itain (Hum p h r eyG . Ca r te r , i n l i tt . Ma r . 30 , 19

2 2

T h e spec i m e n s w h ic h I d is t r i bu ted t h r oug h t h e C l ubs w e r e obta i n edf ro m a swa m p n ea r ‘T h e Fol ly ,

’

H i tc h i n , He r ts , w h e r e A . gl ut /f

710 11 1 i s t h e do m i n a n t t r ee . My atte n t io n was fi r s t d raw n to i t i nJ u n e 192 1 by t h e w h i t i s h u n de r s ide of t h e l ea ves o f a bus h w it h outflow e r o r f r u i t . I took a b ra n c h h o m e , a n d s upposed i t so m e k i n d ofb irch ; but 0 11 r e v is i t i n g t h e place , 1 fou n d o n a n ot h e r bus h a s i n gl eb ra n ch w i t h st r ob i l e s , and at l e n gt h a r r i ved at i ts dete r m i n at io n as

A . in cana . I n n o1 m a l yea r s t h e bog i n w h i c h t h e bus h e s g1 ow i s aq uag m i r e i n to w h ic h o n e hesitates

D

to plungeo

w i t h ou t a de fi n i teobj ec t ; but t h e d ry s easo n s of 1921 a n d 1922 m ade i t easie1 toexplo i e 1 n o1 e t h o roug h ly , a n d I was u l ti m ately abl e to cou n t abo ut30 patc h e s sca tte r ed o ve r t h e w ood , up to 12 ft . h i g h a n d sp1 eadingby sucke1s . T h ey flow e r so m e t h 1 ee w eeks at l eas t ea r l i e r t h a nA . q l utmosn

,and begi n to s h ow g r ee n l eaf befo1 e the buds of t h e

latte r h a ve begu n to expa n d . I n t h e a u tu m n t h e l ea ve s h ave fal l e nb y t h e e n d of Septembei , w h il e t h e leaves of ou r a lde r a r e st i l l g r ee n .T h oug h p r oduc i n g flow e r s a n d st r obi l es f r eely, I h a ve a s yet bee nu n abl e to fi n d matu r ed seed . I sub m i tted a s h eet to D r. D r uce , w how r o te : “ T h e lea ves of t h e He r ts A . incana a r e of a r at h e r d i ffe re n ttex tu r e f r o m t h ose of A . incana, as I saw i t t h i s s u m m e r i n No rway .

Can i t be t h e h yb r id A . yl ut in osa in cana ,w h i c h w e saw t h e r e if”

P r of . Je n s Ho lmboe (Be rge n M use u m ) w r i tes of a H i tc h i n s h eetse n t to h i m I n so m e r espects i t r e m i n ds o n e of A . {fl ufinosa xin crmo f . ambigua (Bec k ) Cal l ie r ; but i t al so co m es n ea r A . {710mmf . awl/ ( 17 11

'

s Spac h . As fa vo u r i n g t h e fo r m e r i n te r p r etatio n . t h ew i n gs of t h e f i uits see m i n m os t

o

case s to be badl y developed . 1 11

o t h e 1 r es pec ts i t ca n haidly be d i sti n gu i s h ed fi o m A . 1 110 0 1111 .

Acco rd i n g to t h e o pi n io n of so m e Sca n d i n av ia n bota n i s ts A . in cana

a l so i n c l udes va r i eti es w i t h out d i s ti n c t f r u i t- w i n gs . The po ly111o rphous

fo r m - g roup A . z

'

n cana i s ve ry ditlicu l t , and as yet fa r f r o m s uffic i e n tlyk no 11 n .

’

l ’ rebendaryIt . J . Bmdon se n t me a sh ee t o f A . in cmm gat h e redat Itomsdal , No 1 way , A ug . 9

,1922 , f r o m w h i c h h ave ( h opped fou i

W i l l de vel oped seed s . In t h es e I can on l v see .1 v crv obscme w i n gde ve lop m e n t o u o ne s id e . The t esta 1s veiyhairv .

’

1 hc st l obiles a 1e

st:l lked . The ax i l s o f the v e i n s o f t h e lea .vess a l e t h i ck ly pubesce n t .I n an A r n s id e s h eet the st r obi l es are sta l ked

,but i n t h e H i tc h i n

s h eets t h e y a re mo stly t h o ug h n o t i n va r iab ly s ess i l e and glo m e rate .

T h e A r n s ide bus h es h ave lea ve s la rge r t h a n t h e Ro m sda l s h eet— a

ALNU S 11 7

fa i r ly n o r m a l l eaf 8 c m . by 6 c m . a s co m pa r ed w i t h 0 6 c m . by5 2 c m .

,a n d t h ey a r e

,as a r e t h e H i tc h i n p la n ts , m uc h l es s to m e n tose

be low,a n d ul t i m ate ly as h y g r een be n eat h . T h ey a r e a lso m o r e ac ute

o r e ve n acu m i n ate . P r o f . Holmboe n otes t h at de n se ly to m e n tose a sw e l l a s qui te glab r ous l ea ves a r e m et w i t h i n No rw ay .

The lea ves of t h e H i tc h i n b us h es w e r e m a n y of t h e m i n 192 1i n fested w i th a gal l , i de n t i fied by M r . E . W . Sw a n to n a s caused byE r iopkg/es brevitarsus Nal . Matu r e l ea ve s of s h eets i n t h e E ur opea nHe r ba r ium of t h e B r i t i s h Museu m s h ow t h e sa m e l eaf - ga l l . T h en a t i ve a lde r i n ‘T h e Fol ly was f r ee f r o m i t , a lt h oug h attac ked bya n ot h e r m i te

,E . l aevis Na l . (fide F . Ra n so m ) . But i n 1922 , in t h e

Ki n g ’ s Ma r s h , Wolfe r to n , I fou n d A . glutinosa f . emcrocazp aFedde st r o n gly attacked by E . brevitarsus .

T h e alde r swa m p n ea r ‘T h e Fo l ly,

’

H i tc h i n,was u n t i l r ec e n tly

ow n ed by M r . M . H . Foste r , of Wy m o n dl ey , a n d h ad bee n fo r a lo n gw h i le t h e p rope rty of h i s fa m i ly . M r . Foste r ca n n o t r ecal l a n ypla n ti n g of A . Woman k n ow n to h i m du r i n g t h e last s i xty yea r s ,so t h a t if t h e bus h es w e r e o r i gi n a l ly pla n ted , i t i s l i ke ly to h a ve bee nv e ry lo n g ago . Fo r t i m be r pu r poses o n e w ou ld j udge a bus h t h atm atu r es at tw el ve feet , a n d yi e lds o n ly qu ic k ly tape r i n g pol es at best ,as d is t i n c tly i n fe r io r to t h e n ati ve a lde r

,so t h at a r ea so n fo r t h e i r

o cc u r r e n c e h as yet to be d i sco ve r ed . I ca n n ot h el p t h i n k i n g, howe ve r , t h at t h e i r o r igi n m ay co n c e i vably be due to t h e i n t r oduct io n o fseed by suc h b i rds as s n ipe , w h i c h f r eque n tly v i s it t h e spot .

P r of . F . W . O l i ve r h a s pla n ted A . {720mm in h i s s m a l l expo)me n tal e n c losu r e o n t h e sa n d - du n es at B la ke n ey Po i n t , No rfol k ,w h e r e I saw i t las t sum m e r .

A l nus incana i s al so r epo r ted f r o m t h e fol l ow i n g sta ti o n s (p r obab ly by n o m ea n s the o n ly o n es w h e r e i t occu r s)

Ire land . 0 11 Lo r d Castletow n ’

s estate a t D o n era i l e , Co . Co r k ,t h e r e i s a w ood pa r tly co m posed of G r ey A l de r w h i c h h a s c o ve r ed t h eg r ou n d w i t h i ts s ucke r s (A . B . Jack so n , i n l i tt . Aug. (5

,1922

Cumber l and (fide D r . Cr. C . D ruce ) .Wes t 'mor l and . Seve r a l t r ee s , o n e of w h i c h flow e r s v e ry ea r l y , i n

Ja n ua r y o r Feb rua ry , at A r n s id e . S h eets gat h e r ed by T . Cuck n eyw e r e d i st r i buted t h r oug h t h e Watso n C l ub i n 1922 b y \V . 11.

Pea r sal l .Lake Lan cashir e . In t h e m iddl e of Roudsea “f ood , i n a

boggy dep r es s io n , w i t h Sp hagnuma n d J el nczzs . I t c e r ta i n ly h ad n otbee n pla n ted t h e r e a s a W i n d - sc r ee n , i f at al l . Il oudsea Wood and

al l t h e m ag n ifice n t peat - bogs— The Mosses —betw ee n i t and Ho l

ke r Hal l fo r m pa r t of t h e Ho lke r E s tate (Lo r d R ic h a r d Ca ve n d is h ) .

(W . H . Pea r sa l l,in l i tt . )

[ 48 TH E J OURNAL o r nomn r

E HRHART AND THE ‘SUPPLE ME NTUM PLANTARUM .

’

B r JA M E S B R ITTEN , E .L.S .

AT t h e e n d of t h e pape r o n E h r h a r t a n d h i s E xs i c catae —pub

l ished i n t h i s Jou r n a l fo r 1922 (pp . 318 but by so m e c u r iou so ve r s i g h t o m i tted f r o m t h e i n de x to t h e vo l u m e— a fu r t h e r co mmun icat ion w as p r o m i sed co n c e r n i n g E hrhart ’

s co n n ex io n w i t h t h eS upp l emen tum P l an taram publ is h ed by t h e you n ge r L i n n aeus i n178 1 t h at p r o m i se Inow p r opose to fu lfi l .

E hrhart’

s r e lat io n to t h e w o r k , w h i c h was p r i n ted at a n o r p h a n agei n B r u n sw i c k i n 178 1 i s t h u s stated by L i n n . fil . i n a n o te u n de rE krhar ta , a ge n us e stabl i s h ed byT h u n be r g i n 1779 I n m e m o r ia mc larissimi F r ede r i c i E h r h a r t, Hel vet i, observatoris dil igent issimi etac uti

,c u i plura debeo , et qui ob prist inam amic it iam c ura m typo

grap h ic-um hujus Opuscul i in s e suscepit .

” T h i s appea r s o n p . 29 ;

but as t h e w o r k p r og r essed Li n n aeu s took a so m ew h a t d i ffe r e n t v i ewof E h rhart ’

s coope rat io n . Acco rd i n g to S m it h ( i n Rees Cyclop.

x i i . s . v .

“ E h rharta,

”1809 , E h r h a r t took too m uc h upo n h i m sel f ;

“ be i n g e m pl oyed to supe r i n te n d t h e p r i n t i n g of t h e S upp lemew l umP lan tarum,

h e i n t r oduced so m e of h i s ow n ge n e ra of m osses,w i t h new ,

affec ted , a n d u n aut h o r i sed te r m s , w h i c h gave so m uc h d i spleasure toL i n n aeu s t h a t t h e s h eet w as ca n c el l ed .

” S m it h bases h i s s tate m e n tupo n a l ette r (u n dated ) add r essed by Linnams to Jo h a n n P h i l i pp duRoi, of w h ic h t h e fol low i n g t ra n s lati o n was subseque n tly ( 18 21 )pub l i s h ed by h i m i n t h e Cor resp onden ce of

‘

L imzceus , i i . 5 72“ Be i n g u n c e r ta i n o f t h e add r es s of M r . E h r h a r t , 1 h a v e t h oug h t

i t safest to co m m u n icat e w i t h you , S i r , on t h e subj ec t of t h e Supp l emen tum P l an tm'

um, h e h a v i n g e n t rusted to you t h e superinten

de n c e o f t h e p r i n t i n g of t h at w o r k i n h i s abse n c e .

W h at p r i n c ipa l ly d i splease me a r e pages (59— 74 , co n ta i n i n g t h efo l low i n g ge n e r a of Mosses— H edw igia ,

P ot t ia,G eorgia , G rz

’

mmia ,

Webera, Cathar inea ,We iss ia , a n d A ndrewa— w i t h w h i c h I h av e n o

so r t of co n c e r n . E ve rybody w i l l t h i n k m e m ad,i f t h ese s h ould co m e

fort h u n de r m y aut h o r ity ; espec ia l ly as I h a ve , t h i s ve ry yea r , i n anacade m ica l d i sse r tatio n a l r eady publ i s h ed , r efo r m ed t h e ge n e ra ofMosses

, ac co rd i n g to p r i n c i pl es of w h ose so l id i ty 1 am co n v i n ced ;and h ave al so , i n t h e sa m e w o r k , gi ve n n a m es to severa l of t h e m . 1

w ou ld t h e r efo r e h ave t h e abo ve pages , co n ta i n i n g t h ese ge n e ra ,ca n c el l ed ; o r t h e w h o l e s h eet m a y be r ep r i n ted . An i n te r va l i n t h epagi n g w ou ld be of n o co n seque n c e . I f M r . E h r h a r t i s des i r ou s t h atthe ge n era i n questi o n s h ou ld be publ i s h ed i n t h i s w o r k , t h ey mayfo rm a n appe n d ix : but i n h i s n a m e , n ot i n m i n e . Not h i n g cou ld bem o r e u n expec ted o n m y pa r t . No expla n atio n can e ve r co n v i n c e m eof t h e p ropr i e ty of al low i n g t h ese ge n era to r e m a i n a s t h ey a r e , i ft h e w o rk i s i n any r es pec t to be att r i buted to m e .

”

D u Ro i se n t a copy of t h i s l e tte r to E h r h a r t , w ho i n tu r n quotedi t in a lette r to L i n n . til . (dated Ap r i l 20 , w h ic h i s i n t h eLinna e n co r r espo n de n ce at t h e L i n n ea n Soc i ety . Of t h i s D r. Jac kso n k i n d ly gives me an abst rac t : i t co n tai n s n o t r ace of r e se n tm e n t

, but , afte r c o n g ratula ti n g Linnaer‘

xs o n t h e exte n t of h i s w o r k ,



w as paid to the Andrezeaceae, w h ic h w e r e r ega rded a s m e r e spec i es oft he i n t r i cate ge n u s Ju n ge r m a n n ia . But as soo n a s E h r h a r t fou n dedthe new ge n u s Aml rezca. a n d s h ow ed by t h e c lea r es t a r gu m e n ts a n dw i t h h i s u sual sagac i ty t h at i t d i ff e r s so m uc h f r o m al l k n ow n ge n e r a ofm osses t h at o n ly by v iolatio n of Natu r e i tsel f could i t be t h r u st i n toa n y o n e of t h e m , t h e n o v e l ge n us at o n c e r ec e i ved w id e r ecog n i t io n ,al t h oug h L i n n ae us fil ius , as far as h e c ou ld , p1 ev en ted t h e pub l icatio no f the spec i es . The genc 1 ic cha1acte1 s w e1e so e v ide n t t h at n o n ec ould be dece i ved about t h e m .

Ac co r d i n g to S m it h , w ho doubtl ess had m a n y Oppo r tu n i t i es ofmeet i n g L i n n . fil . du r i n g t h e v i s i t of t h e latte r to Lo n do n i n 178 1 ,L i n n ae us a l so took except io n to ce r ta i n al te rati o n s m ade by E h r h a r tin the text— an obj ec t io n w h ic h S m it h , w i t h h i s c las s ica l i n st i n c ts ,s h a r ed : o n e suc h a l te r at io n i s t h u s a n i m adve r ted upo n by S m it h i nF l . B r i t . i v . 79 w h e r e , co m m e n ti n g o n t he s ubst i tutio n ofCo r ea: P syl l op lzorn fo r C . p ul l car is L . , h e w r i tes : “ T h e o r i gi n a lLinnzean n a m e be i n g Lat i n , l i ke t h e c las s i ca l ge n e r i c one , was m osti n adv i sedly t ra n s l ated i n to G r eek by E h r h a r t , w ho be i n g e n t r u stedw i t h t h e p r i n t i n g of t h e S uppl . P l an t . abu sed t h at t r ust

,by

co r r upti n g t h e tex t in t h i s and m a n y ot h e r i n s ta n c es , to t h e g r ea td i spl easu r e of t h e you n ge r Linnzeus . He t h e r efo r e oug h t n o t to befo l low ed i n a n y suc h a l te r at io n s . ” A n u m be r of s i m i la r s ubs t i tut io n sa r e i n d i cated by E h r h a r t i n Me i n e B e i t rage i n w h i c h a r ei n c l uded n ot o n ly t h e ge n e r a of m osses al r eady i n dicated , but a la r gen u m be r of n a m es a n d desc r ipt io n s textual ly ide n ti cal w i t h t h o se of t h eS npp l emen tum; t h ese E h r h a r t h e r e c la i m s as h i s ow n

,mak i n g n o

r efe r e n ce to t h e i r p r ev iou s pub l icat io n (178 1 ) i n t h e“Supp l emen fnm

it m ay , h ow e ve r , be n oted t h at w h e n r epeati n g so m e of t h e se na m esin 1788 (Beitr . i i . 67 , 68 , 7 8 , 82 , 100)

“ Li n n . Suppl . ” i s c i teda s the aut h o r i ty . T h e n a m es t h us c la i m ed a r e S cz

'

rpus B zeoflzryon ,

J uncus Tenor/em, Rumea‘ N emo l opm’ lzzlm, .Zlf esp il us X anz

‘lt ocdrp'

us,

M P /zaen opyrum, Pyrns B oiryapz’

um (M espil us canadensis P .

A nze lanchz’

er (IlI. Ame l an c lzz'

er P . ( trbutg'

f'

ol ia arbutzy‘ol ia

S erapias X ijflzop lzg/l lum ( S . gran (en sif o l ia ) S . L on

c lzop lzcz/ l lmn (S . grand/fl ora Carer P sy/l op lzora (C . pu l z’

cnrz’

s

C . L encof/l oc lzjn ,O. Chordor lziza , O. IIe l eonasz’ es , C. L epro

s l aclzg/s , O. D ry/mew,0 . L ichen B oe ing/ces (L . er ice

t orum s t epiz‘a tus L . Icmml op lzil a (L . er icez‘ornm s cssil z

’

s

Fo r so m e of t h ese t h e n u m be r of the Pil z/{op lrz/l acium i s c i ted , bothin th e S uppl emen l zun and i n “ b’l eine Be i t rage ,

” a n d i t w i l l b e r ec ogn ised t h at m a n y of t h e n a m es a r e take n t h e n c e . S m i t h ( i n Rees ,s . v . E lu l/m/a) suggests t h at t h e s pec ific n a m e of E . Jll nemniea

(Suppl . by w h ie h Thunbe l g s E . onpenszs , publ i s h ed t w o vea l seai l ic 1 , i s t h e l e su pe r sed ed , “

w as pi obabl v s uggested bv E h i hai th i m se l f ”

; t h i s s ee m s pi obable, bu t L ln h n t i n the B ezl u ige doesn ot cla i m the desc 11pt ion ,

a n d I do n ot find t h e n a m e i n t h e ei g h tfasc ic l es o f the P lay/(wlzg/l ac l zmn to w h i c h I h ave a ccess . L i chen

Icmmlop /cl l n ( L. f . Suppl . by w h ic h L . er z

'

cc formn L . (Sp . P l .

1 14 1 ) i s s upe r s eded , i s based o n IcmuJop lzi/a E h rh . I’ hytophyl .

n . 40 ; t h e s pec ific n a m e w as s ubsequ e n tl y adopted by Zah lbrucknerf or t h e ge n us based o n the pla n t .

121111111 111 AND 1 111: sr pr tmmx fr rn a xrant u

’

Notw i t h sta n d i n g E hrhart ’

s i n t i m ate c o n n ex io n w i t h t h e Supp l emen z‘zun , i t i s of cou r se obv io us t h at t h e n a m es m ust he c i ted as ofL i n n . til . , t h e a ut h o r of t h e book . T h e n a m es

,h ow ev e r

,h a ve been

d i ffe r e n t ly att r ibuted ; t h u s S m i t h (Fl . B r i t . iv . 79 sqq . ) c i tes E h rh .

in L i n n . Suppl . ” fo r t h e Ca r i c es , and t h e Index K ewens is al l ots tw o to“ E hrh . ex L i n n . HI. ” a n d live to “ L i n n . fil .

” S m it h i n c i t i n gE h r h a r t was of cou r se act i n g o n p r i vate k n ow l edge ; h e h ad p r e v i ou s l y

( i n Rees , s .v . C'a

'

rex ; 1806 ) ass ig n ed t h e n a m es co r r ec tly to“ L i n n .

j u n . Suppl . ” E h r h a r t h i m se l f in t h e P lrytop lzyl ac iumappe n ds L . toeach ; t h i s at fi r s t s ig h t s uggests a d i ffic u lty , as t h e P /zytop lzg/l ac izunappea r ed in 1780 , w h i l e t h e S upp l emen tal ?”w as n ot publ i s h ed u n t i la yea r late r ; but E hrhart

’

s i n t i m ate assoc iat io n w i t h t h e h ooke n abl ed h i m to quote i t by ant ic ipat ion t it i s i n te r esti n g to n otet h at h e had 110 i n te n t io n of co n n ec ti n g his n am e w i t h th e bi n o m i n al ,co n te n ti n g h i m se lf w it h t h e c i tatio n of h i s “ n o m e n .

” Mo r eo ve r,

w h e n h e had occas io n to quote t h e n a m es , h e c i ted t h e m ,a s w e h ave

see n,as of L i n n . Suppl . see B eitr af/e , i i . 67 , 8 2 , etc .

SHORT NOTE S .

ASTRAGALU S FRIG IDU S . T h e aut h o r s h i p of t h i s n a m e h a s bee natt r ibu ted to B u n ge (Ast rag. 1868 : i i . 28 , n . 128 ; 1869 ) b y Rouya n d Foucaud , Asc h e r so n a n d G raebner, Ha y ek , L i n d m a n , a n d ot h e r s ,but s h ou l d be asc r i bed to A sa G ray (I

’roc . A m . A cad . v i . 2 19 ;

I t was a new co m bi n at i o n fo r P izacrz fr z'

f/ida L. ( E u rope andN . As i a ) . T h e fac t t h at Asa G r ay c i r c u m sc r i bed A . f r igz

’

dus so a sto i n c l ude a n A m e r i ca n spec i e s no w ge n e ral ly r ega rded as d i sti n c t

(A . amer icanus M . E . Jo n es ) does n ot wa r r a n t t he att r ib ut io n of t h en a m e to a late r au t h o r (A r t . l cn f i

'igida w as du l y r e fe r r edin Index c en s is t o 1 13 /ragaIns f fi r/idus A . G ray , but t h e h ab i ta to f t h e latte r w as i n ad ve r te n tly gi ve n a s No r t h A m e r i ca ; pc ss ibl yt h i s may h av e m i s led Rouy a n d ot h e r aut h o r s o f E u ropea n do ras .Re ic h e n bac h and Bec k ( 1c . Fl . G e r m . xx i i . 99 , t t . 220 1— 2 ; 190 21)att r i buted A . fi

’ fgidus to A . G ray o n t h e plates , but to DC . Ast rag .

46 ,n . 2 ( la r ge ed . ) i n t h e tex t . The la r ge ed i t io n o f t h e A S /I'fl f/l l

l ogic appea r s to be ra r e . M . Gagnepain . w ho has k i n d ly co n s u l teda copy i n t h e l ib ra ry of t h e I n s t i tu t de Fr an c e , i n fo r m s m e t h a tA . fi~if/irlus does n ot appea r o n t he page c ited , t he n a m e us ed by

D e Ca n dol l e bei n g -l cu f rigid/z. as in the s m al l ed i t io n . Apparen t ly t h e t w o ed i ti o n s difi

°

e r i n l i t tle bu t t h e s i ze and n u m be r i n g o f

t h e pages , t h e r e be i n g 2 18 pp . in the la r ge o n e and 270 in t h es m a l l . — T . A . SPRAUUE .

A “WORLD - CO DE OF Refe r r i n g to M r . Spmguc'

s

sugges tio n s su m m a r i s ed i n o u r las t i ss ue (p . M y, A . g . Hm.“coc k (S cimzcc , Feb . 16 ) app ro ves of t h e p r oposed co m p ro m i se , w h i c hhe suggests m ig h t be acco m pl i s h ed a t t h e n ex t I n te r n at i o n a lBota n ical Co n g r es s i f t h e sub jec t h as

' bee n sutiic ien t l v co n s id e r edp r ev ious ly by the taxo n o m ic bota n i sts of the w o r ld . The T r p

152 THE JOURNAL or B OT ANY

bas is Code a n d t h e d i ffe r e n c e s betw ee n i t a n d t h e I n te r n a t io n al Rul esare sunnnarised by M r . H i tc h coc k i n t h i s Jo u r n a l fo r 1922 ( p .

and w e s h a l l be glad to ope n our pages to a d iscuss io n o n t h esubj ec t .

PUL M ONAR IA AN GL’

STIFOLIA L . (P. AZUREA Bess e r ) . T h i sbeaut i ful pla n t i s beco m i n g ge n e ral ly k n ow n u n de r t h e t r i n o m i n a lP ulmonar ia angust ifo l ia azzt i

'

ea i t i s t h us n a m ed a n d figu r edi n t h e G ardeners

’

Chron ic l e fo r Ma r c h 3 , and h as bee n ex h ibited ,

so - n a m ed , at t h e R. H . S . s h ow s . T h e m i sappl i catio n of t h e n a m ea ngus t ifo l ia, to t h e Ha m ps h i r e pla n t w h ic h i s so ca l l ed i n B r i t i s hbooks was po i n ted o u t by M r . Wi l m ott i n t h i s Jou r n a l fo r 19 17(pp . 233 w h e r e h e s h ow s t h at t h e B r i ti s h pla n t

,w h ic h Ke r n e r

h ad r efe r r ed to P . angzl s t /f o l ia L .,

“ i s ce r ta i n ly n o t t h a t ve ry d i sti n c t spec i es , bu t i s t h e pla n t w h ic h Ke r n e r cal l s P . l ongifo l ia ,

”

a n d ide n t ifies t h e L i n n ea n spec i es as t h e pla n t s ubseque n tly n a m ed byBess e r P . azurea . M r . Cow l ey (G a r d . C h r o n . l . o . ) speaks of t h ela tte r a s t h e var ie ty azurea a n d says i t “ i s a g r eat i m p r o ve m e n to n our n at i ve B lue Cow s l i p (P . angus t if

'

o l ia) , t h e fl ow e r s of w h i c ha r e a t fi r s t p i n k a n d afte rw a rds tu r n b r ig h t b lue h e goes o n tospeak of “ t h e t rue azurea as k n ow n i n t h e t r ade as t h e Munstead

var ie ty,i t h a v i n g bee n g r ow n by M iss Jeky l l at t h a t p lace fo r

ma n y y ea r s a n d h e n c e di s t r i bu ted . No one w ho 11a s se e n the pla n tg row i n g coul d poss i bly doubt i ts d ist i n ct n ess f r o m t h e E n gl i s h so

ca l led angustzf o l ia , bot h i n h abi t (w h i c h i s w e l l s h ow n i n t h e G a rd .

C h r o n . figu r e ) a n d i n t h e bea u t i fu l blue of its flow e r s,i n d icated by

Be sse r i n h i s spec ific n a m e aznrea . Fo r h o r t i cul tu ra l pu r poses,i n

v i ew of t h e e x i st i n g co n fus i o n , t h e n a m e aznrea m ay w e l l be r eta i n edfo r t h e pla n t , a l t h ough i t i s u n doubted ly t h e t r u e anyus t if

‘

o l ia ofL i n n aeus P . angzis tif

'

o l ia. azurea i s a t r i n o m i n a l absu r d i ty w h ic hs h ould a t o n c e he aba n do n ed — JA M E S BR IT TEN .

RE V IE WS .

In troduct ion to the P lan t - l if e of the Oxf ord D is tr ict . Pt . 1 .

Genera l Review . By A . H . CHURCH . Pp. 103 , plates .

O xfo r d Bota n i ca l Me m o i r s , No . 13 . Oxfo r d U n i ve r s i ty P r es s .38 . 6d. n e t .

TH I S add i ti o n to t h e Oxf ord B otan ica l M emoirs i s a ge n era lac cou n t of t h e vegeta tio n s of t h e Oxfo r d a r ea as a tra i n i n g-g rou n dfo r s tude n ts of Fo r es try a n d Bota n y . Th e aut h o r a t t h e o utse tstates t h at o r al i n s t r uc tio n i s assu m ed , a n d i t i s pe r h aps to t h i s fac to n e ow es t h e rat h e r i l l - bala n c ed t r ea t m e n t of t h e subj ec t . T h at thet r eat m e n t i s o r igi n al w e n eed h a r d ly say ; t h e s tyl e i s t h at w h i c h w eh a ve co m e to as soc iate w i t h t h e pe n o f D r. C h u rc h . Unconven

t ionah ty i s i n deed t h e c h i e f c h a r m of t h es e pages , a n d fo r t h o se w hoa r e fa m i l ia r w i t h t h e fu n da m e n ta l s of eco logy and aw a r e o f i ts m a n ypi tfal l s a n d t h e fac i l i ti e s fo r e asy ge n e ral i satio n s w h i c h t h e subj ec ta ffo rds , w e co uld t h o r oug h ly r eco m m e n d t h i s m e m o i r

,f r o m t h e

pe r usal o f w h i c h w e ou r se l ves h a ve de r i ved m uc h pl ea s u r e . We


15 4 TH E aur as -1 1. or BO'

I‘ANY

el e m e n ta r y c h e m i s t ry o r p h ys i c s . But t h e ge n e r a l pla n o f a'

text

book m u s t be accepted fo r bette r o r w o r se , and th e fac t t h at a

seco n d ed i t i o n has a l r eady bee n n ec essa ry i s e v ide n c e t h at P r of .15o 11'e 1"s vol u m e 11as m et w i t h a w el co m e .

Abou t fifty pages h ave bee n added,i n c l ud i n g a c h apte r 0 11 T h e

L i v i n g Ce l l (pp . 29—37 ) a n d o n e o n“ E vol u ti o n , Ho m oplasy ,

Ho m o logy , a n d A n alogy t h e obj ec t of t h e latte r i s to eo - o rd i n a tet h e t w o pa r ts of t h e book . P r o f . Bow e r does w e l l i n fol lo w i n g t h eseque n ce w h ic h h a s r u led i n t h e de ve lop m e n t of Bota n y , b y tak i n gt h e flow e r i n g pla n ts fi r st a n d devoti n g t h e g r eate r pa r t of t h e cou r s eto t h e i r s tudy . T h e b r i ef expos i tio n o f w h at i s u n de r s tood by an

‘e vol utio n a ry study of pla n ts t h e n fo l low s as a n i n t roductio n to t h eo utl i n es of t h e c h a r ac te r s of t he ea r l i e r g r oups , f r o m t he s i m pl e r tot h e m o r e co m plex

,w h ic h fo r m the s ubj ec t of t h e seco n d po r tio n of

t h e book . A 11 appe n d i x o f abo ut fi fty pages i s de voted to a desc ript io n of a fe 1v types of flow e r

,w i t h n o tes on t h e n atu ral fa m i l ies

to w h ic h t h ey be lo n g . He r e P r of . B ow e r i s e vide n tly n ot o n h i sn ati ve h eat h ! T h e a r r a n ge m e n t o f t h e Mo n ocotyl edo n s does n o tfol low ge n e ra l l y acc epted v i ew s of affi n i t ies ; t h ey areu

'

eprcsent ed b yt h r ee O r de r s i n the fol low i n g seque n ce z— Lil ia l es

,O r c h idal e s

,a n d

G l u m al es . T h e las t - n a m ed i n c l ude t h e r us h es , alo n g w i t h t h e sedgesa n d g rasses , s cacece

,fi n d i n g a place h e r e becau se of theirg rass

l i ke h ab i t, t h oug h i t i s ad m itted t h at t h e flow e r s are of t h e l i l iac eous

T h e book i s w el l p r i n ted a n d beaut i ful ly i l l us t rated , but the copyse n t fo r r ev iew has e v ide n tly bee n bou n d w i t h h o t n eed le and bu r n i n gt h r ead

,a n d i s a l r eady beg i n n i n g to d i s i n teg rate

A . B . It .

S ta rch and S h rr ch P roduc ts . By HAROL D A. AUDEN . C r ow n Svo,

pp . x i i i,12 1, and 19 figs . P i t m a n

,Lo n do n . 1922 . P r i c e 33 .

TH I S l i ttl e vol u m e,o n e of P i t m a n ’ s Co m m o n Co m m od i ties a n d

I n dust r i e s se r i es , co n tai n s m uc h i n te r e sti n g and u sefu l i n fo r m atio nc h e m i ca l , bota n ical , a n d tec h n o l ogi cal . T h e f r o n ti spi ec e i s app ro

pria te ly the p ic tu r e of G e ra r d ( f r o m h i s If c rba l , 1597 ) w i t h a branc hof potato i n h i s h a n d and w ea r i n g a n E l izabet h a n sta r c h ed r u ff . I ns ucc es s i ve c h apte r s t h e aut h o r gi ves the h i s to ry of t h e use of s t ar c h

,

i ts p rope r ti es, and the va r i o us sou r ces f r o m w h i c h i t i s obta i n ed co m

me re ia l ly— potato

,r i c e a n d ot h e r c e r eal s , sago , yam, a r r ow r oot , a n d

o t h e r s . So m e ac co u n t is gi ve n o f each pla n t, i ts c u l ti vatio n a n d themet h od of p r epa ratio n of s ta r c h f r o m i t . T h e late r c h apte r s dea lb r ie fly w i t h so m e of the p r oduc ts o f sta r c h , gl ucose , dex t r i n e , and

gu m,and the fe r m e n t at io n p r od uc ts ; r efe r e n ce i s m ad e to t h e

b r ew i n g o f bee r f r o m b ar l ey 370 1) yea r s ago in E gypt . T h e fi gu r e si l l u st rat e t he h ab i t o f the sta r c h -y ield i n g pla n t and t h e p r epa ratio no f s ta r c h and i ts p roducts ; so m e are rat h e r poo r .

A . B . R.

01

BOOK -NOTE S , NEW S , ETC . 1 :

BOOK-NOTE S , NE WS , ET C .

UNDER the t it l e S ckedu l ce Or c lzidifmw M r . Oakes A m es i s publ ish ing a se r i es of desc r ipt ion s of new spec i e s of O r c h id s , w i t h c r i t i ca lnotes— m a n y of t h e m t h e r e su l t of h i s i n spect io n of Li n d l ey

’ s e i ch idh c 1ba1 ium at Ke 11

'. Nos . 1 (No v . a n d 2 (Ja n . 6 , 1923 )

a r e d e voted to t 1opi ca l Amei ican spec i e s ; i n No . 3 (Ja n . 30 ) i s a nint e1 est ing n ote 1 e lat i n g to H . G . Re i c h e n bac h ’ s He1ba1 iu1n ,

h is

dispos i t io n of w h i c h by w i l l i s c i ted , w i t h t h e co mme n t w h i c h i tn atu r al ly i n sp i r ed , i n t h i s J ou r n a l fo r 1889 , p . 197 . T h e n ote i s a sfol l ow s : “ Refe r e n c e i s m ade u n de r E p ide izdr uml uteor osezmzA . R i c h .

Gal . [p. 16] to spec i m e n s a n d draw i n gs of Ac h i l l e R i c h a rd’ s

types w h i c h a r e to be fou n d i n H . G . Re ic h e n bac h ’ s He r ba r i u m i nV i e n na . T h ese spec i m e n s a n d d r aw i n gs r ep r ese n t so m e of t h eMex i ca n spec ie s desc r ibed by R i c h a r d a n d G aleo tti i n 1845 . I tw ould see m t h at t h i s p r ec io u s m ate r ia l w as l oa n ed to Rei c h e n ba c h byt h e M useum d

’

Histoire of Pa r i s . T h at R e ic h e n bac h i n te n ded tor etu r n t h i s m ate r ial to t h o se w ho loa n ed i t to h i m i s i n d i cated by t h et r ac i n gs he m ade f r o m t h e co lou r ed d raw i n gs of t h e h ab i t a n d f ro mt h e a n aly tica l d raw i n gs of t h e flo ra l st r u ctu r e of types . T h e t r ac i n gsa r e now m ou n ted o n t h e sa m e s h eets t h at bea r t h e d raw i n gs , a fewof t h e m ac tual ly supe r imposed 0 11 t h e o r igi n a l s . T h e m ost c h a r i tabl ev i ew to take of t h i s ext r ao rd i n a ry s i tuatio n i s t h e o n e w h i c h l eads usto bel i e v e t h at Re ic h e n bac h ’ s effo r ts to i n co r po r ate i n h i s h e r ba r i u mt r ac i n gs of R i c h a r d ’ s spec i es w e r e i n te r rupted by deat h , a n d t h at i fh e h ad l i ved h e w ou ld h ave r etu r n ed t h e o r i gi n a l s . But i t i s d iffic u l tto ov ei look t h e m ot i ves w h i c h p1 ompted Re ic h e n bac h to h ave h i she1ba1 ium, toget h e r 11 it l1 l oa n ed spec i m e n s , sea l ed fo r a qua r te r of ac entu1y t h at i s , fo r a suffic ie n t l e n gt h of t i m e to dep r i ve h i s co nte m po r a r i es of i ts se r v i c e a n d to inte1f ere w i t h the p r og r es s ofo r c h i do logy . W h e n deat h o ve r took the man w ho c r it ic i sed A c h i l l eR i c h a r d ’ s b r ev i ty and w ho atte m pted to outlaw R i c h a rd

'

s spec i es,h i s

l ast w i l l and testa m e n t pu t u n de r l ock and key t h e e v ide n c e o n w h i c hso m e of Richa1d ’

s 11 o 1k 11 as ba sed . T h i s i s t h e expla n at i o n of the1n 1

'

ste1 ious abse n c e of m a n y c 1 it ical spec i m ens a n d d1aw ings fo r t h eR icha1d He1ba1 iu1n m Pa1 i s ”

(pp . 1 ,

THE Bui eau of Sc i e n c e Publ i cat io n s o . 18 co n ta i n sth e til st fasc i c les of t h e E mmzemz

‘zon of P lu l ipp zne P l an ts 11 in ch

has bee n unde1 taken by M 1 . E l m e1 D . Me r 1 i l l . '

l he sc ope of t h e11 0 111 i s so ful ly i n d ica ted i n t h e n o te p1efixed to eac h pa1 t t h atw e ca n n ot do bette1 t h a n 1 eproduce i t textua l ly , 0 1111 addi n g t h at theatte m pt ”

11as bee n ca1 1 ied out w i t h t h e tho1oughness 11 h ic h 11 i l l b e.a n t i c ipated by al l w ho k n ow \ i r . M cn il l s m et h od :

”1 he p r ese n tenumer -at io n i s a n atte m pt to summa1 ise i n c o n ve n i e n t fo1 m fo r co nsu l fat io n our p1 esen t k n ow l edge of P h i l i ppi n e tio 11 e1 ing pla n ts . and1 epi esen t s a pa1 t of t h e k 110 11 l edge acc u m ulated b 1 the aut h o r du i in cr

a cou 1 se o f about t 11 cn t v 1"

’

e111 s s tud 1 of t h e pi o b lem. l n the 11 o ikan atte m pt has bee n m ade to ac cou n t fo r a l l t h e bi n o m i :l is ace

°

1ed i tedto th e P h i l i ppi n e ”1 11 11 ; to ad ius t t h e s 1 no n 1mv 11 hcn ne1 cw 1 1 1 toi n c l ude a l l impo 1 tan t 1 cte1 en t es to the l h il ippi n e bot :1 i ii1°al l it e 1 1t1uea n d es se n t ia l l efe i ences to ext1a 1 11il ippine l i te 11tu1c ; to g i 1 e the

1 111: JOURNAL o r Boraxr

h ab i ts , add i t io n a l ra n ge , a n d P h i l i ppi n e a n d ex t ra -P h i l i pp i n e distribu t ion of eac h s pec ies to c i te i l lus t r at i ve spec i m e n s w h e r e ex ped i e n to r n ec essa ry ; a n d to r eco r d a l l a vai labl e l oca l n a m es fo r eac h spec ies .

’

Ful l i n t r oduc to ry a n d expla n ato ry m atte r w i l l be publ i s h ed i n age n era l i n t r od uc t io n to be p r e fixed to vo l . i . w h e n t h e w o r k , w h i c hw i l l c o m p r i s e o n e vo l u m e fo r t h e gy m n ospe r m s and two fo r t h egy m n ospe r m s a n d m o n ocoty ledo n s , i s co m pleted ; t h i s , i t i s h oped ,w i l l be by t h e e n d of t h e p r e se n t yea r o r ea r ly i n 1924 .

IN t h e E ssex N a tura l is t (Oct . 1922—Ma rc h 1923 ) Miss L i s te rfigu r es a n d desc r i bes a new s pec i e s of D ia’ymiam (I) . trackysp or um) ,fi r s t fou n d in 1897 by M r . Ja m es Sau n de r s i n h ea ps of o ld st raw n ea rBa r to n , Beds , a n d subseque n tly i n E ssex , Su r r ey , a n d Abe rdee n s h i r e .T h e ac cou n t of t h e E aste r exc u r s io n of t h e E s se x Fie l d C l ub i n c l udesa r efe r e n c e to Anemone P ul sa t il la , w h ic h a ppea r s to be d isappea r i n gf ro m i ts w e l l - k n ow n Ba r tlo w “ h i l l s local i ty .

“W h e n t h e C lubv i s i ted t h e s i te i n 1912 , a s i n gl e pla n t was obse r ved : a ca r eful s ea r c hfa i l ed to r e vea l a n y t r ac e of t h i s pla n t o n t h e p r ese n t oc cas io n

,but t h e

ca r eta ke r as su r ed u s t h at i t h ad bee n obse r v ed du r i n g t h e pas t tw oy ea r s

,a n d i t i s pos s i bl e t h at t h e late n e ss of t h e seaso n mayac cou n t

fo r i ts abse n ce . Joseph [Jos h ua] C la r ke ( 1805 w r i t i n g i n 1888 ,

says t h at t h e state m e n t i n E dw a rd Fo r ste r ’ s FIowa Qf E ssex t h a t t h epla n t i s ab u n da n t o n Ba r tl ow - h i l l s m u st be tak e n 11'1th some r ese r vat io n

,as m a n y yea r s befo r e , h e w e n t w i t h Fo r ste r a n d o n ly fou n d o n e

pla n t . Fo r ste r d ied in 1819 , so t h at t h e abo ve exc u r s io n m ust ha vebee n lo n g befo r e t h a t date , w h i c h w ou ld i n di cate t h at t h e Pasqueflow e r h a s n ot , fo r n ea r ly a c e n tu ry , bee n abu n da n t i n t h e local it v .

ALTHOUGH n ot st r ic tly bota n i cal , t h e fol l ow i n g accou n t of t h ed i sappea ra n c e of a n i n dust ry , w h i c h w e take f ro m t h e E ven ingS tandard of Ma r c h 22, see m s of suffi c ie n t i n te r est fo r p r ese r vat io nM r . Wil l ia m Co r n i s h , h o r t icul tu ra l expe r t a n d l ast o f t h e Mitc h a mla v e n de r g r ow e r s , d ied la st n i g h t at M i tc h a m , at t h e age of e ig h t ye ig h t . F ifty yea r s ago M r . Co r n i s h was o n e of t h e lead i n g figu r es i nt h e i n du st ry

,a n d fo r n ea r ly tw e n ty y ea r s h e w as m a n age r of t h e

la r gest la ve n de r fa r m a n d d i st i ll e ry i n M i tc h a m , exte n d i n g to abou tfi v e h u n d r ed ac r e s of la ve n de r , l i q uo r i c e , r o ses , a n d ca m o m i le i n t h en e i g h bou r h ood of Figg ’ s Ma r s h . Pa r t of M itcham’

s h o u s i n g sc h e m ea n d t h e Lo n do n Spo r ts G r ou n d now occupy t h e s i te . No t a sp r i g o fl a ve n de r i s g r ow n i n M itc h a m to -day, apa r t f r o m p r i vate ga r de n s .M r

. Co r n i s h was al so t h e last of t h e M itc h a m p h y s i c ga rd e n p ro

prietors . I n t h e ea r ly pa r t of last ce n tu ry t h e physio ga rde n s w e r et h e i n dust ry of M i tc h a m , a n d M r . Co r n i s h late r beca m e as fa m ousfo r h is po i so n pla n ts— bel lado n n a , h e n ba n e , spi r t i n g cucum be r s , a n dw h ite poppi es , w h i c h w e r e u sed fo r opirm— a s h e had bee n fo rlave n de r . He was an ack n ow l edged aut h o r i ty 0 11 al l m ed i c i n a l pla n ts

,

and o n ly a few days ago ex p r essed h i s del ig h t a t t h e t r ade r e v i val i nt h ese h e r bs . M r . Co r n i s h d i ed at t h e pi ctu r e sq ue o n e - sto ry cottagei n t h e m idst of h i s Lo n do n - r oad n u r se ry w h e r e he h ad l i ved fo rt h i r ty - tw o yea r s . Fo r t h e past te n yea r s h i s c h i ef i n teres t was t h eg row i n g of ehrvsanthemums a n d r oses fo r t h e Lo n do n m a r ket . ”


1 38 TIIE JOURNAL O F B OTANY

each Spec ies , w i t h m a n y subspec ies a n d va r i e ti es , i s r ep r ese n ted ;t h e e n t i r e a bse n c e of di ssec ti o n s i s h ow e ve r so m ew h a t a d raw bac kto t h e i r usefu l n ess . T h e desc r i pt io n s a r e ve ry fu l l

,a n d i n c lud e

geog rap h ica l d i st r i but io n , a n d popu la r n a m es i n F r e n c h , G e rma n ,Flemi s h , I ta l ia n , a n d E n gl i s h — a m o n g t h e last a r e m a n y t h at a r es t ra n ge to us— e . g. Dye r ’ s savo ry ” fo r S erratzi l a— a n d ass u r edly “

n o E n gl i s hma n eve r cal l ed K e n trop liy/ l l um l fmatum (w h i c h i s n o tE n gl i s h )

“ B l essed - t h i s tl e -of—t h e -Pa r i s ia n s . ” A B r i t i s h Fl o r a o nthe l i n es of t h e book w ou ld be ve ry useful . B r i t i s h bo ta n i sts a r eal r eady ac qua i n ted w i t h Bo n n i e r ’ s w o r k t h r oug h the t r a n sla ti o n byBoul ge r of h i s u sefu l l i ttle w o r k L es N ew s ( les F l eur s

,publ is h ed

i n 1917 u n de r t h e t itl e N ame this F l ame?° a n d n ot ic ed i n t h i s Jou r n a lfo r 1917 , p . 293 .

THE K ew B u l letin ( n o . 2 ) a n n ou n c e s t h e r ece n t deat h ofR ICHARD ARNOLD DU M M ER (fo rme r ly D iimmer) , w h i c h fo l low ed o na m oto r acc ide n t at Uga n da , w h e r e h e h ad bee n s tationed s i n ce 1914 .

He ca m e to Kew as a stude n t ga r de n e r i n 1910 , h a v i n g p r e v iou slyw o r ked in t h e Mu n i c ipa l G a rde n s , Cape Tow n . I n 1912 h e co nt r ibuted to t h i s Jou r n a l a desc r i pt io n of P earson ia , a n ew ge n u s ofL egumin osae, a n d

“An E n um e rat io n of B run iaceae,”w h i c h appea r ed

a s a s u ppl e m e n t to t h e vo lume ; ot h e r pape r s f r o m h i s pe n w e r epubl i s h ed i n t h ese pages i n 1913 a n d 1914 . Dum m e r se n t to Kew

m useums co l l ec t io n s , i n c lud i n g m a n y fu n gi , f r o m Uga n da a n d Ke n ya .

THE deat h i s a n n ou n c ed of D r . CHARLE S I M M AN UE L Foasr r nMAJOR w h i c h occu r r ed i n Lo n do n o n Ma r c h 25 i n h i s e i g h t i et h yea r .Chicflyk n ow n a s a paleo n tologi s t , he m ade a n i n te r esti n g col l ec t io nof pla n ts i n Madagasca r in

'

18941—95 w h i c h a r e i n th e Nat io n a lHe r ba r i u m ; by o n e of t h e se— Ill imu lops is F orsyfl i ii S . Moo r e— he

i s co m m emo r ated . He l i ved m uc h i n Co r s ica , w h e r e h e m et w i tha se r ious acc ide n t i n t h e sum m e r of 1922 .

THE Kew B ul l e t in ( n o . 2 ; Ma r c h ) co n ta i n s t h e fi r s t i n stal m e n tof a se r i es of “ Co n t r i buti o n s towa rds a P h yloge n eti c C la s s ifica t io nof F low e r i n g Pl a n ts by M r . J . Hutc h i n so n , to w h i c h t h e D i r ec to r ,Capta i n A . W . H i l l , p r efixes a p r e l i m i n a ry n ote . T h e Co n t r ibuti o n sw i l l p r ov ide keys to the la r ge r fa m i l i es a n d i n c l ude a l l the desc r ibedge n e r a a r r a n ged

,as fa r a s m ay be poss ibl e , 0 11 t h e bas i s of t h e i r

p r obabl e p h yloge n y .

” I n t h e p r ese n t pape r t h e au t h o r lays dow n t h ege n e r a l p r i n c i ples adopted

,i l l u st r at i n g t h e m by t h e t r eat m e n t o f

Rmzun cu lacece . I n t h e sa m e n umbe r M r . J . S . Gambl e desc r ibes anew Bamboo , N eo lzouzeaua {aeoymzm I n r efe r r i n g to t h e steadyg r ow t h e ve r y yea r of t h e task of co m pi l i n g t h e qu i n que n n i a l su ppl em e n ts to t h e Index K ewens is , t h e B ul l e tin m akes a suggest io n tow h i c h w e w i l l i n gly gi ve fu r t h e r pub l i c i ty :

“ I t w oul d be of t h eg r eates t ass i sta n c e i f aut h o r s w ou ld i n d icate the fi r s t ti m e a new

group 0 1° co m b i n ati o n i s used by add i n g the s ig n ‘n . sp.

’ o r ‘c o m b .

and also c i te t h e sy n o n y m s o n w h i c h t h ey a r e based . T h eJzu lex i s so g r eatly app r ec iated t h at i t i s fel t t h at t h es e d ifficul ti e sn eed o n ly be po i n ted out fo r a l l to ass i s t i n l i g h te n i n g t h e co m pi l e r ’ stask .

”

B OOK -NOTE S , NEws , ETC .

THE Transactions of t h e B r i ti s h Mycologi ca l Soc i ety ( vol . v i i i .pt . 3 ; Ma r . 21 ; 103 . 6d . ) co n ta i n a pape r o n

“ Mou ld G r ow t h supo n Co ld - sto r e Meat ( i n c l ud i n g figu r e s a n d desc r ipt io n s of War rio

mycas , a new ge n us comme m o rat i n g t h e late Ma r s h a l l Wa rd ) byF . T . B r ooks a n d C . G . Ha n sfo r d ; Obse r va ti o n s a n d Expe r i m e n tso n C e r ea l B ust s n ea r Ca m b r idge , by Ka r m C h a n d Me h ta , P r ofesso rof Bota n y at Ag ra Co l l ege ;

“ T h e L i te r atu r e o n t h e C lass i fi cat io n oft h e Hyste r ia les

,

” by G . R . B i sby ; a n d a n ot i ce of t h e late Wi l l i a mB e r iah A l l e n ( 1875— 1922 ) by Ca r l eto n Rea.

D R . B AYD ON JACK SON h as r ep r i n ted i n fac s i m i l e a l i ttl e t r ac t offou r page s— Vege tabil ium cumAn ima l ibus Oompara l io byLa r s Robe r g ( 16641— 1742 ) —w h i c h ca m e u n de r h is n ot i c e d u r i n g t h ep r epa r at io n of t h e new Cata logue of t h e L i n n ea n Soc i ety ’ s L i b r a ry .

B es ides t h e r a r i ty of t h e t r ac t, it a r r ests our atte n t io n as t r eati n gof t h e co m pa r i so n betw ee n a n imal s a n d pl a n ts a n d the new sex ua lsy ste m of pla n t - a r r ange m e n t put fo rw a r d by Linnmus ”

( i n t h eSys tema N atur es , w ho i n 18 4111 succeeded Robe r g i n t h ec h a i r o f medi c i n e at Uppsala .

. 1N‘ t h e G ardeners’

Chron ic l e fo r Ma r c h 3 (p . 123) M r . H . S .

T h ompso n quotes f r o m a l ette r by D r . Pet r ak , of Czecho - Slovak ia,who

i s e n gaged o n a m o n og rap h of Cir s ium, to t h e effec t t h at t h e pla n tt h at occ u r s i n E n gla n d i s c e r ta i n ly d iffe r e n t f r o m t h e fo r m s t h a toc c u r o n t h e Co n t i n e n t by t h e st ruc tu r e of t h e sca les of t h e i n vol uc r eand t h e s ize a n d s h ape of t h e flow e r - h eads . He p r oposes to n a m e i ts ub - sp. angl icum.

THE A nnuaiw da Conser °

vatoi1 e et du Ja1 Jim (in B otan ique

( le G ene ve, vol . xx i . (1919~22 : 30 f r . co n ta i n s n otes bv t h e ed i to r ,o n t h e l i fe and w o1k of Auguste Schmidely ( 1838

C h a1 l es Bade r (1836 a n d Pau l Chene1 a1°d (1839w ho a l so co n t r ibutes a pape1° Ca r ac ter es r ésum és des P r i n

c ipaux G r o upes de Fo r m at io n s v egetale s a n d a n ote O 11 Le M é lané rythyme fl o r a l c h e z la D aucus Car o ta Cas imi r d e ( ‘ando l lcw r i tes o n t h e P iperaceae of Fo rmosa , B ra z i l , Co lo m bia , Pe r u , Ec uado r ,Java , Bo r n eo , Sumat ra , Ce l ebes , a n d Mex ico , w i t h desc r ipt io n s ofma n y new spec ie s ; E r n e st Gaumann deal s w i t h t h e spec i es of P eron o

sp ore affect i n g E uphorbiacece a n d P o lygonacece ; E . Ha ssle r g i 1 esa co n spectus of t h e M or aca e ,

a n d Urz‘zeacaceof Pa raguay ; D r . Hoc ln eut iner w r i te s 0 11 new 0 1 l i ttl e 11 110 11 11 G ui/1fer ce a n d 0 11 S ter cul zaa w a n d M al ra cece ; a n d C . de M ei eschkmskycon t i ibutes n otes O11 h i s L i c h e n es '

l icinenses exsiccat i .”

THE Journa l of the Ar no ld A r°bo1 e t 11m (iv . Jan . 192

co n tai n s a r ep r i n t, w i t h n ote s by M r . Alf1ed Re h de r 0 11 l\l i1° :h 1ux sEa r l i est Note. o n Ame r i ca n P la n t s t h i s appea r ed i n vo l . i . ( 1792 )of t h e Journa l 1l ’ fl is fo ire l V ac

‘ur e l l e , ed ited by Lamarek a n d ot h e r s ,

a n d has bee n ge n e ra l ly o ve r looked ; o n ly some of the new n ames aretake n up i n 1 11-char K ewcn s is o r el sew h e r e . M r. E . J . Palme r w r iteso n the Red Ri1 e1 11 0 1est at Fu lto n , A r ka n sa s . and M r. E . l l . “

'

i l s o n0 11 t h e Rhododench ons of No r t h ea ste r n As ia ; M i ss t h el 1 11 N .

'

1 111 ker

has a n int ei esting ac cou n t of t h e i n c u n abu la i n the lib ra r 1 of theA 1

° °bo 1 c tum, to w h i c h 1 aluable add it io n s , i n c l udi n g a copy of theHe r ba r ium o f Apule i us , h ave lately bee n m ade .

160 1 11 1: 1 0 111111 1 1. o r 110 121 111

'

l l l E .Na l aml cs t fo r Ma rc h co n ta i n s the ve1 v i n te r es ti n g p r es ide n t ia l add r es s o n “ Bo ta n i ca l Survev a n d E co logv i n ) o rkshir

’

e ,

de l i ve r ed by M r T . W . Wood h ead a t t h e meeti n g of t h e Yo r ks h i r e Natu r a l i sts" U n io n h e ld a t Sca r bo r o ug h i n

0

Decembe r las t .Begi n n i n g w i t h a c o m p r e h e n s i ve sketc h of t he Ho ras of t h e cou n tya n d t h e i r aut h o r s , a n d of t h e s u r vey i n w h i c h Mess r s . Moss a n d Wi ll ia mG . S m i t h took so p r o m i n e n t a pa r t , M r . Wood h ead p r oceeds tos u m m a r i se t h e eco logica l as pec ts of t h e flo ra . A u sefu l a n d co mp r e h e n s i ve bi b l iog rap h y i s appe n ded to t h e pape r , w h i c h i n c ludessome i n te r es ti n g po r t ra i ts .

IN B lzoclora fo r Feb rua ry , i n t h e cou r se of some n otes o nC r i t ica l Pla n ts o f No r t h A m e r i ca , M r . C . E . VVeatherby d iscussesso m e spec i es of C lee l one w i t h espec ia l r efe r e n c e to C layto n

’ s and

Mil le r ’ s desc r i pt io n s— t h e r efe r e n ce to M i l le r ’ s pl a te shou ld be 93 ,n o t I t w ou ld be w e l l i f so m e Ame r i ca n bo ta n i st , w h e nv is i t i n g t h e Natio n a l He r ba r iu m ,

w ou ld exami n e t h e s pec i m e n s f r o mbot h t h e w r i te r s c i ted ; i n t h e abse n c e of aut h e n t i c m ate r ia l , i t see m sh a r d ly poss i bl e to a r r i ve a t a n y defi n i te co n c lus io n as to t h e s pec i es .

THE Repo r t of t h e Nat io n a l Museum of Wal es fo r 1921—22s h ow s t h at steady p r og r ess i s be i n g m ade w i t h t h e Wel s h h e r ba r i u mt he bota n y depa r tme n t h as bee n e n r i c h ed by t h e pu r c h ase ofM r . E . M . Ho l m e s ’ s h e r ba r ium of a lgae, m osses , a n d h epat i c s . Loa nco l lec t io n s co n ta i n i n g eco n o m i c spec ime n s , t r opi ca l f r u i ts a n d seed s ,a n d h e r ba r i u m s h eets of Wel s h pla n ts , h ave bee n p r epa r ed fo r a n di n s tal led 1n t h r ee seco n da r y sc h oo l s— a usefu l p i ec e o f 11 o r .k

THE Anna l s of the M issour i B otanic Garden ( i x . 110 . 3 ; Sept .1922 ) lately to h a n d i s m a i n ly occ upi ed by a Mo n og ra p h i c Study ofT li e lgpodium a n d i ts i m m ed iate al l i es , by M r . E . B . l ’ ayso n ; M r . G .

H . P r i n g desc r i be s a n d figu r es a new hvb1 1d N 1/ 1np lzwa x Ny m p h aea‘M rs . G . H . P r i n g,

’

P r i n g, n . hyb . (N ova l ifol ia 9 X N .

‘M r s E dw a rds W h i take r

D

d

THE B otan ica l G azet te fo r Ma r c h co n ta i n s a pape r by M . C .

Sew el l 0 11 t h e E fiect of Andropogon Sorghum o n s ucc eed i n g c ropsof Triticum sa t ivam v a lqare J . W . Ba i l ey co n ti n u es h i s “ Noteso n Neot ropica l An t pla n ts ,

”w i t h a study of Tac ln

'

ga l ia pan icu la fa ,

a n d C h a1 l es Robe r tso n co n c l udes h i s s e r i es o n Flow e r s a n d I n sec ts ,”

t h e te r m i n o logy of w h i c h w i l l affo r d D r . Jack so n m atte r fo r t h e n ex ted itio n of h i s i n va luab le G lossary.

A HAN DY l i ttl e pocket ma n ual i n w h i c h a r e desc r ibed a n d figu r edt h e Common F ores t Trees of N or ih Caro l ina , p r epa r ed b1 J . S .

Ho lmes , State Fo r este r i n co n n ex io n w i t h t h e Fo r est Se r v ice of t h eN.S . D epa r t m e n t of Ag r ic u l tu r e , i s publ i s h ed at C h apel H i l l , N .C .

T HE B u l l e tin of the Torrey Cl ub fo r Ma r c h co n tai n s a pape r

( w i t h plate ) o n Po lye m b ryo n y de ve loped u n de r expe r i m e n ta l c o nd it ions i n c e r ta i n Polypod iac eou s Fe r n s .

TH E I m pe r ial Bota n ic al Co n fe r e n c e w h ic h m eets i n Lo n do n n ex tv car h as appo i n ted a smal l su bcommi tte e to co n s ide r q uest io n s o fimmen1 1atu1e , the comencr of 11 h ic h i s M r . T . A . Spi 11

0 1


162 THE JOURNAL or nou n

Anomacan l l ms ( l rupaccus i s of spec ia l i n te r est i n t h e andrmc iuma n d t h e f r u i t . T h e fo r m e r co n s i sts of 4 sta m e n s , equa l i n l e n gt h a n dOppos i t e t h e 4 poste r io r co r o l la l obes . T h e fift h a n te r io r sta m e n i s

H‘gbley64

Anomacan thus drnpaceus R. Good .

A . Portion of plant , 5nat . size . B . F low e r in sec tion nat . size . C . An ther , x i .

D . Glands from base o f author , much en larged . E . G landular hairs o f

anther , much en larged . F . O vary and dis c , x l . G . Ovary in t . s .

H . Ovary in l . s . I K . Ripe pyrenes , sl ightly r educed. J. Ripe pyrenein section , s l ightly reduced .

ANOMACANTIIU S : A NE W GENU S OF A'

CANTHAC LLE 163

abse n t . T h e two pos te r i o r s ta m e n s a r e co m plete a n d tw o - ce l led ,w h i le t h e a n te r io r o n es a r e o n e - ce l led ( c f . Ow i n g tot h e c u r vatu r e of t h e fi la m e n ts t h e sta m e n s l i e , a l m ost i n co n tac t ,o bl iquely ac r oss t h e c o r o l la tube . T h e a n t h e r s are l o n g a n d n a r r ow ,

w i t h s h a r p ly h ooked t i ps a n d a r e fu r n i s h ed a t t h e base of eac h c e l lw i th a gla n dula r c us h io n - l i ke m ass . Bot h a n t h e r s a n d fi la m e n ts bea rn um e r ous capitate gla n du la r h airs . T h e f r u i t i s r e m a r kably la r gefo r t h e fa m i ly a n d i s d r upaceous . Wit h i n t h e fl es h y exoca r p a r e tw ola r ge py r e n es , subglobose but flatte n ed o n t h e s ide of c o n tact . I nt h e type - spec i m e n t h e o ute r fles h y laye r i s i n c o m plete a n d of un

c e r ta i n t h i c k n ess . T h e py r e n es a r e w oody a n d h a rd,m uc h co r r ugated

on t h e o ute r surface a n d l i n ed w i t h i n by a de n se laye r of b row n fel t .T h e seeds a r e la r ge a n d w i t h out a h a r d coat . T h e place n ta a r e la r gea n d p r oj ec t a s s h a r p r idges i n to t h e ca v ity of t h e py r e n e s . I n t h eyou n g o va ry t h e septum i s i n co m ple te , bu t i n t h e r ipe f r u i t st r uc tu re sca n be see n w h i c h appea r to be t h e r esul t of subseque n t co m plet io no f t h e septu m .

T h e l eaves a r e w i t h out cysto l i t h s . T h e epide r m a l c e ll s a r e s i n uatei n out l i n e , w h i l e t h e sto m ata a r e of n o r m a l . Aca n t h ac eou s type .

Typica l subs id ia ry ce l l s a r e p r ese n t .T h e m i n ute st r uc tu r e of t h e ste m al so s h ow s m a n y po i n ts of

i n te r es t . I n t r a n sv e r s e sec t io n i t i s r oug h l y quad1a ngular w i t h rat h e rp r o m i n e n t c o r n e r s a n d co n ca ve s ides . T h e ste m i s h o l l ow a n d t h e ce nt r a l cav i ty occ up i es about of t h e tota l d ia m ete r . B r oadly t h e ste m i sa t h i n -w al led tube st r e n gt h e n ed at t h e ca rd i n a l po i n ts of i ts c i r c u mfe r e n c e by 4 m ass i ve squa r e - fac ed r i bs . Addi tio n a l r ib s a r e subse

seque n tly fo r m ed . Be n ea t h t h e ep ide r m i s i s a w el l - m a r ked h ypode r mco n s i s ti n g of a s i n gl e laye r of sto n e cel l s , fo r m i n g a co m plete r i n gbelow t h e s u r fac e of t h e ste m . NV ithin t h i s a r e tw o fu r t h e r n a r r owr i n gs of ti s sue . T h e oute r i s da r k i n colou r a n d al m ost st r uctu r el ess .T h e i n n e r i s ve ry ope n , w i t h n u m e r o us scatte r ed fib r ous ce l l s . T h eset wo laye r s see m to r ep r ese n t , r espect i vely , t h e e n dode r m i s a n d t h epe r icyc le . T h e i n n e r m ost t i s s ue i n t h e s te m i s a b r oad r i n g ofc e n t r ipeta l seco n da ry xyl e m , t h e el e m e n ts of w h i c h a r e m o r e o r l es sr ou n ded i n sec t io n . On t h e i n s ide , t h e edge of t h e s te m - ca v i t y i ss h a r ply defi n ed a n d a l l t r ac e of p1 imaiy x y l e m i s l os t . E ac h of the4 m a i n s te m r ibs co n s i sts of a 4 - s ided m a ss of ce n t r i fuga l sec o n daxyl e m . T h e el e m e n ts o f t h i s w ood a r e squa1e i n sec t io n

3

and 1 egulai l v

a r r a n ged . I n eac h Il l.) t h e r e a r e f r o m 8 to 10 ve1y la r ge v essel s .

T h e oute r ext r e m it i es of eac h xyl e m m as s a r e occupi ed b y part ic ularly la r ge vessel s , w h i l e t h os e i n s ide a r e s m a l l e r . Medul la ry

“

ays ,

o n e c el l b r oad,a r e p r ese n t i n t h e c e n t r i fuga l x y le m , but are abse n t

f r o m t h e c e n t r ipeta l r i n g . P h l o e m i s poo r ly de vel oped . A c e r ta i nam ou n t appea r s to oc cu r betw ee n t h e m a i n ce n t r i fuga l xy l e m 111asses .

T h e c e n t r ifuga l xyl e m appea r s to be o f compamt ive ly late inc ept io n i n r es po n se to t h e a s sum pt io n , b y t h e yo u n g pla n t . of t he

c l i m b i n g h ab i t .’

In fu n ct i o n i t g i v e s n ec essa ry st r e n gt h to t h e ste mand p r ov ides t h e la r ge a n d co n sp icuou s vessel s , a n d i s t h e r esu lt o fthe p roduc tio n of w ood e l e m e n ts outwardl v by t h e ca m bi u m . l lmiugv

t h i s p r oces s t h e oute r ste m t i ssues beco m e muc h eo 111pi essed 1nd t he

p h loe m beco m es 11111ccoc 11isable . l 1e 1e t h i s e1 usl1i1n r eff ect i s

161 THE J OURNAL o r B OTANY

r e ve r sed,n a m ely betw ee n t h e r i bs , t h e t i s sue i s s t i l l v i s i bl e , and t h e

pe r i c y c l e te n ds to be vacuolat e .

Apa r t f r o m t h e so m ew h at u n u sual l eaf- s h ape , A . ( l r apaceus s h ow sco n s ide rable supe rfic ia l r e sembla n ce to t h e m e m be r s of the s ub - fa m i lyT/uuzberf/iw of t h e A can t lcacecc . Ce r ta i n l eaf c h a rac te r s , s uc h a sabse n c e of c y stol i t h s a n d p r e se n c e of typi

'

al soni ata a r e a l so c h a r act eris t ic of t h i s s ub - famil v . T h e a n d roec i u m and fruit differ 111arkedlyf r omauv k n ow n ge n us , b ut t h e r e m a i n i n g c h a racte r s s h ow affi n i tyw i t h M endoa c la ,

Afi'

omemlonc l a , and Fi n al l y , t h emi n ute a n ato m y of t h e s te m i s a l m o st exactly t h at desc r i b ed bv

G ilg i n Ber . de r D eutsc h . Bota n . G es . 18 93 . p . 35 1, fo r Aji'

omen

( lonc la . Refe r e n c e m ay al so be m ade to t h e accou n t by l toul e t of t h ea n ato my of l unberyla i n Bul l . He r b . Boiss . 189l , p . 259 .

FRE SHWATE R PLANKTON ALG /E FROM C E YLON .

B r W. B . Cnow , M .sc . , P11.D .

(Concluded f rom p .

Hydrodictyaceae.

PED IASTRU M .

Judgi n g by t h e col l ec t io n s exa m i n ed , P . s imp lex a n d P . a’wpl a r

a r e the m os t i m po r ta n t m e m be r s of t h e i n t h e pla n k to nof Cey lo n . T h ey are f r eque n tly ve ry abu n da n t and , al t h oug h n o tocc u r r i n g i n s uc h vast qua n t i t i es as t he Spec i es of ilIicro cys /l s , h avea m uc h w ide r ra n ge , occ u r r i n g i n h abi tats of ve ry d i ve r se type andoccas i o n al lyt h e o n ly p h ytopla n k to n p r ese n t . T h e t wo spec ies ofte nocc u r toget h e r . I t i s n o tewo r t h y t h at o n ly t h ese two fo r m s w e r eobse r ved i n appr ec iabl e qua n t i t y , a n d m a n y of t h e bes t -defineds pec i e s i n E u r ope w e r e n o t m et w i t h .

I’ . S I M PLEX Meye n . T h i s s h ow s ve ry co n s ide r abl e va r iat io n i n ( a )s i ze ot colo n y , (6) n u m be r of cel l s , and ( c ) s h ape and s ize of lacumet h ese c h a rac te r s s h o u ld t h e r efo r e no t be used as p r ima ry spec i llod i s ti n c ti o n s . T h e g r eat a m ou n t of m ate r ia l ofte n r e n de r ed the

va r iatio n ve ry st r ik i n g, but 110 es se n tia l ly new fo r m s w e r e me t w i t h .

Appa r e n tl y t h e r e i s 110 d i r ec t co n n ec ti o n betw ee n st r uc tu r e and

h ab i tat ; ve ry m a n y col l ec tio n s , p r obabl y al l i n w h i c h t h e al ga was

p rese n t i n s uffic i e n t qua n ti ty,s h ow va r iatio n f r o m t h e ty pe to P .

c la f lzra/am. T h e local i t i es w h e r e t h i s w as t h e do m i n a n t type are

r eco rd ed bel ow . P r obably se ve ral ot h e r 111ic rospec ies o r fo r m s h avebee n i n c l uded h e r e as al so i n the r eco rd s of P . dup l ex ; but ow i n gto the va r iabi l ity of t h e m ate r ia l i t has n ot bee n p rac ti cabl e tosepa rate t h e m . L ac . 7 , 10 , 18 , 19 ,

23,26 ( ve r y abu n da n t ) , 38 , 39,

4 1 , 42 , 45 ( ve ry abu n da n t ) , 49 ,50 , 57 . D is /r . Cos m opol i ta n .

P . ( Sc h r oete r ) Le m m . L ac .

2 13 , 14 , 26 , 4-5 , 53 .

D és /r . Cos m opol i ta n ( i n c l . Ce y l o n ) .

P . D UPLEX Me y e n ( i n c l . var . c l a t li ra fum A . Br . ) T h e m ate r ia li s so abunda n t and va r iabl e t h at i t h as n ot bee n poss ib l e to d isti n


160 111

11 11: 1 0 11 11111 1. o r 110 11

11 111

11

S . ACU M INATU S (Lagerh . ) C h od . L 0 11 . 12 , 38 . D istr . E ur . ,

Aus t ra l , I n do -Malaya .

S . AC UT IFOR M I S Sc h r ode r . L oc . 9 . D z’

s t71 . G e n e r a l .S . QUAD RICAI

'

D A (Tu r p . ) Bré b. L 0 11. 13 , 23 , 29 , 37 , 33, 41 , 41 .

D is tr . G e n e r a l ( i n c l . Cey lo n ) .S . OM IU E N SIS (Le m m . ) G . M . S m it h L oc . 6 , 9 . D istr . Sa n d

w i c h I s les .S . OPOLIE NSIS P. Ri c h te r . 12 . D istr . E ur. , Afr. ,

N . A m e r . , Java , Ceylo n .

S . CARINATU S C h od . L oo. 13 . D is tr . E ur. , Java .

S . tropicus, n . sp.

Coenobio subquadrato pe r fo r ate 4 - ccl lulario , cel lul is biconvexis,m axi m a lat i tud i n e ad pze ne t ert iam pa r te m longitudinis, ad apic esin tlatis ; cel lul is t erminal ibus i n spi n as ad ut rumque finem provec t is ;Spinis cxtrorsum recurvis , ta m lo n gi s qua m cel l ulae co r pu s ; c el lul is

i n te r se hze rent ibus compressis pul vil l is ; foramin ibus angust is l i n ea r ibus i n te r cel lulas . Chlorophoris singul is , singul is pyrenoidibus .

Ce l lul is 31— 33 11 l o n gi s , rare minoribus .

Scen edesmus trop icus Crow , n . sp .

T h i s i s o n e of t h e few perfo r ate spec i es,eas i ly d is t i n gu i s h ed

f ro m S . perf‘

om fus by i ts n a r r ow e r c e l l co n n ect io n s,t h e b ico n vex

fo r m of t h e cel l , t h e fou r - cel l ed c h a r acte r a n d s i ze of t h e co lo n ies .Tu r n e r ’ s S . guadr icazula v ar. major , a l so a n I n do -Malaya n fo r m , i spe r h aps to be placed as a va r i ety of t h i s . A l t h o ug h i m pe r fec tly k n ow n ,i t i s pla i n ly n ot ide n t i ca l w i t h S . tr op icus (fig . T h e i n te r ce l l u la rpads a r e 111 e l l - de ve loped

,a l t h oug h n a r r ow , a n d r e su l t i n ve ry cl ea r l y

pe r fo rate colo n i es . The pads , as i n o t h e r spec i es , a r e outg r ow t h s o fan o ute r m uc i lage laye r of the ce l ls ; i n S . 17 101710 113 t h i s i s pa r ti e nlarlyw el l see n

,i t bei n g c lea r t h at eac h co n n ec ti o n i s n o t a co n ti n uous

b r idge , but rat h e r tw o adp r essed pads o n e f r o m eac h c e l l (fig .

L oc . (3.

S . ARCUATU S Le m m . L oc . 4 . D isir . S . Amer .

S . 11 11 1 11 11

1351

(C h od ) G . M . S m it h . L ee. 18 . D istr . E ur. ,

Sam oa ,S i n gapo r e .

S . B E RN 1 111111 G . M . S m i t h . L ee . 18 . 1313111 . N . Am e r .

AC ’

l‘l NASTRL

’

M Lagerl i .

A. HANTzsc uu Lagerh . Lac . (5, 9, 50 . D is t /1 . Cos1110pol itan .

FRE SHWATER PLANKTON FROM CEYLON 167

CRUCIGE NIA Mo r r e n .

C . RE CTANGULABIS (A . Br. ) Gay. I n g r oups o f fou r c e l l s o roccasio n a l ly i n twos , o r m o r e o r l es s d i splac ed a n d i r r egul a r l oos esyncoenobia. Cel l s 3_ 5 P X 4

°

5 “ 5 y. L oo. 13, 37 . D estr . E ur .

,

N . S . A m e r .C . QUADRATA Mo r r e n . P r obably Crucigenia tr iangular is C h od .

s h ould be i n c luded i n t h i s ; c e r ta i n ly so m e of t h e you n ge r colo n i esapp r oac h ed t h e desc r ipt ion of t h i s spec i es (cf . Pascher

’

s

L ac . 49 . D istr . E u r ope .C . TRIANG ULARI S Chod . A few spec i m e n s s h ow i n g t r ia n gula r

ce l l s a r e con ven i e n tly r eco r ded u n de r th i s n a m e . L ee. 18 . D ish

E u r ope .TE TRASTRUM C h od .

T . MULTISE TUM (Schmidle ) C h od . I n t h e o lde r co lo n i es t h e c el lsr eac h ed a d ia m ete r of 5— 6 F . L 0 0 . 12 . D istr . E ur . , N . A m e r .

KIRCHNE RIE LLA Schmidle .

K . LUNARIS (Kirchn . ) Moc h . D i s t i n gu is h ed f r o m t h e ve ry s i m i la rSe l enas trumB ibmianumRe i n sc h by i ts m ucous coat , a n d f r o m ot h e rspec i es by t h e fo r m of i ts c e l l s . K . obesa W . West i s r epo r ted f r o mt r op ica l Af r i ca but n o t K . lunarz

’

s . L oc. 8 , 1 1 , 27. 56 . D istr .

Mostly E u r ope , Ceylo n .

ANKISTROD E SMUS Co r da .

A . FALCATU S (Co rda ) Ral fs . L oc . 2 , 8 , 9, 12 , 18 , 26, 29, 49, 5 6.

D istr . G e n e r al ( i n c l . Ceylo n ) .A . SETIGERU S ( Sc h rode r ) G . S . West . L ee. 12 , 25 , 60 . D isir

G e n e r a l .GOL E NKINIA C h od .

G . RAD IATA C h od . L ac . 4 , 12 . D is tr . Te m pe r ate .

CGELASTRUM Naeg.

T h e two spec ies r eco rded by W. Cr. S . West w e r e n o t fou n d .

C . MICROPORUM Naeg. L oc . 8 , 18 , 4 1 , 50 , 56 . D is tr . E ur.

,

N . A m e r . , Cey lo n ( f . irregu lare F r itsc h f r o m S . O r k n eys ) .

C . RET IC ULAT UM (D a n g ) Se n n . L oc . 2 , 4 , G, 9 , l l , 27 , 56 .

D z

'

str . Chicfly t r op ical .C . PROBOSCID E UM Bo h l i n . L oc . 6, 9 . D is ir . N . Te m pe r a te .

B . AKONTZE .

ZYGNE M ALES .

Zygnemaceae.

Spec ie s of Sp irogym and 1U 0 11geo l za occu1red i n a vow hu gen u m be r of t h e s:1.1uples . l n t h ese case s w e \\ e1e deal i n g w it h 1le zt”11 hed

fi la m e n ts 1111 11 we1 e i11 a s te1 i le co n d it ion and h e n c e co u ld n o t beidentified .

168 TH E .10 1111x1 1 1. o r B OTANY

Zr oxmm.

Rep1 esen ted i n fou1 l o ca l i t ies . O n ly i n o n e ca se w e r e fe r t i l espec i m e n s obse1 1 ed, v i z .

Z. S l E LLI\ U \ [ (Ag. Ki 1 e h n . fo1 1 n a s ubw e Re i n s c h . V egetat i v ec el l s 1 5—16 11 in w idt h , about i n l e n gt h .

'

1 he s pec ies s h ow edscalariforin c o n j ugat i o n a n d t h e typi ca l z1'

go spo1'

es . Tycho l imnet ic .

L 0 13. 56 . D is tr . Te m pe rate .

Desmidiacea .

T h e majmitya r e tycho l imnet ic a n d ha1 e bee n 1e0 0 1ded b y ‘ViG . S . West fo r t h e padd 1 - fie lds a n d ot h e 1 h ab itats , f1 o m 11 h i c h t l1eVdoubtl es s m ay occas ional l1 be dis t 1 ibut 1 d i n to t h e

“ tan ks . ” '

1 h eseusual ly afl

’md sca n ty 111at e1 ial , and p1obabl v m a n y h a ve been o ve il ooked . Tl1e 1 e ai e al so a few typi ca l pla n k to n spec i es . A s m a l ln u m be r w e r e n ot ide n tified

,ow i n g to t h e d iffic ul ty i n obta i n i n g r el eva n t

l i te ratu r e . Our l i s ts s h ow t h at m a n y of t h e co m m o n D es m id's ofC ey lo n a r e a l so 11' idespread. T h e y do n ot p r ec l ude e n de m is m a l t h oug hi f e n de m ic s oc cu r t h ey play a ve ry s m al l pa r t i n t h e l i m n opla n kto n .

G oxarozxeox D e Ba rv .

G . BRE BIS SONI D e Ba1y. T l 1e 111ate1 ial 11 hen exa m i n ed o n lys h ow ed i so lated c e ll s . Le n gt h 162 ,u, max . w i dt h Ou1 spec i m e n sbelo n g to t h e type - fe im al t h oug h some11 hat smal l . G . S .

West gi ve l e n gt h 162 288’u ,b1eadth 6 8—10 1 ai

W . S:t

Cr. S . West is , howeve1 , gi ve n as —67 5 11 i n l e n gt h , 4 2—7 pi n b1eadt l1 . E ur .

, G 1 eenland , I n d ia , Af1 . ,

N . A m e r .G . P ILO SU M Wolle . Na r r ow est c el l s sca r c ely exceedi n g 6 11 ;

W'

est g i ves 105 — 1 5 11 . L ee. 1 1,21 . D is l r . E ur . , N . S . A m e r . ,

Ja va, I n d ia ( i n c l . Cey lo n ) .

G . MoNOT fl -ZM UM D e Ba r y . L oc . 8 . D is”. Widesp r ead in

t r op ic s . N . h e m i sp h e r e to G r ee n la n d .

CLO STER IU M N itzsch .

C . KUE TZINGII B reb . Lac . 3 , 1 1 , 24 . D istr . G e n era l ( i n c l .Ce y l o n ) .

C . LE IB LE INTI Kuetz . P r obably seve ral fo rms oug h t to be d i st i n gu i s h ed . Our s pec i m e n s ca m e w i t h i n t h e ra n ge of va r iati o nde sc r i bed by West . L oc . 9 . D 1

’

s f7' . G e n e ral .C . LIBE LLL

'

LA Focke . L ee . 441, 6 1 . D is/r . G e n e ra l ( inc l .

Ce y lo n ) .

C . CYNTH IA De Not . L oc . 6 , 9 , 6 1 . D is tr . G e n e ra l ( i n c l .Cevlon ) .

C . E IIR E N B E RG IIM enegh . 41 ,59 . D 1s l 7 G e11c 1al .

C . J E NNE RIRal fs . L ocs él fl . D is /r . G e11e1al , espec i11l lyT1opi c s .

T RIPLOC E RAS Ba i l .

T . onac E Ba il . L ac . 5 6 . D z

'

s fr . V i c to r ia, Cey lo n , Ho n g-Ko n g .

M icnasr enms Ag .

M . MAHABULE SIIAWARE N SIS Hobso n . L ee. 27 . D 13”. Chicflyt r opica l .


170 THE JOURNAL or nomnr

A . CONV E RGE NS E hrenb . L e e . 10,27 , 56 . D isfr . G e n e r a l .

fo r m a n . f . Semicel lul is a te r m i n o v isis t riangu

laribus : c ete ra ut i n type .

T h e r ela t io n s h i ps of A . coneeryens a r e d iffic u l t to dete r m i n e .T h e occ u r r e n c e of spi n e l es s fo r m s i n d ic ates a r el atio n s h i p w i t h 0 0 3711a7

‘1

’

u711 dep r essmn (Naeg. ) Lu n d ; but t h e t r i m e r o us fo r m n o tedh e r e m ig h t equal ly w e l l be placed i n S l aumsirw n . Had t h e Spec i m e n s

Ar throdesma s con vergen s E hrenb . f . tr ia ngu lar is Crow ,11 . f .

E nd and side view s of semicel l .

occu r r ed i sol ated , i t w ou ld h ave bee n ad vi sable to desc r ibe t h e m asspec i e s of t h e latte r ge n us ; but t h ey w e r e m i xed up w i t h pe r fec tlyn o r m al d i m e r o us spec i m e n s of A . co77ve7

'

ge71s . Trimery h a s p r ev iouslyr eco rded fo r A . t 7' 1

'

1171y11la7' is formue , so m et i m es r ega r ded as fo r m s of

A . 1 710 113 . L ee . 27 .

A . S UB ULATL'

S Kuetz . L ee . 32 . D z'

sz‘r . Chiefly t r op ica l .

STAURASTRUM Meye n .

S . ORB IC ULARE Ral fs va r . Ra lfis ii W . G . S . West . L oc . 6, 9 .

D is tr . G e n e ra l , except Af r i ca .

S . WILD E MANNI G utw . L oo. 27 D is ir . E ur. , T1'op i ca l As ia .

S . CORNICULATU M Lu n d . L ee . 32 . D z

’

sz‘r . E u r ope .

S . TAUPHORUM W . G . S . West . L oo. 27 D is tr . Ceylo n .

S . SUBMANF E LD TIIW . G . S . West . L oc . 6, 9 , 10 , 18 . D is tr .

Cey lo n , Ce n t r a l Af r ica .

S . ACANTHASTRUM W . 81 G . S . West . Not co m m o n ex cept i nTa n k Borlasgama a n d at Kekunadure. T h e r e appea r s to be l i ttl eva r iat io n i n deta i l s of st ruc tu r e , but t h e n um be r o f h o r n s va r i e s ,so m et i m e s be i n g 3 o r 4 , a n d ofte n 5 o n eac h s e m i - ce l l . T h e h o r n s oft h e r espec t i ve se m i - ce l l s a l te r n ate i n pos i t io n . L oc . 1 , 1 1 , 32 , 53, 56 .

B 13”. Ceylo n .S . G E M E LLIPARUM Nordst . L oc . 6 1111 119 ( r a r e) . D istr . S . A m e r . ,

I n d ia ( i n c l . C ey lo n ) .

S . M UT ICU M Bré b . L ee. 6 , 9 . D is tr . G e n e ra l .S . FRE E MANNIW . G . S . West . L oo. 56 . D is tr . Ceylon .

G YMNOZYGA E hrenb .

G . M ON ILI FOR M I S E h renb . W . G . S . “rest (70 6 . cit . ) obse r veda va r i e ty gracz

’

l es cens Nordst . Our spec i m e n s ag r eed w i t h t h e type( 25— 30 11 i n l e n gt h , —22 5 11 i n b r eadt h ) . L ee. 27 . D istr . E ur. ,

S . A m e r . , Ceylon.

FR E SHWATER PLANK’

I‘ON ALGZE FRO M CEYLON 17 1

S l ’ONDYLO SIUM B reb .

S . I‘APILLO SUM Sehmidle . L oc . 27 D 1

'

3 l 7' . E u r ope .

ONYCHON E MA Wal l ic h .

O . LJE V E Nordst . L oc . 56 , D is tr . S . A m e r i ca .

HYALO [‘HECA E hrenb .

H . NEGLECTA Rac ib . L oc . 1 1 . D is tr . E u r ope .

A NOTE ON PRIMULA SINE NSIS .

B r JA M E S BR ITTEN , E .L .S .

THE i n te r est i n g pape r (Kew Bul l . 1923, 97—102) i n w h i c hM r . Hutc h i n so n figu r es a n d desc r i bes as a new spec i es (P . 0 112011711110 )a pla n t ide n t ified by Ha n c e in t h i s Jou r n a l ( 1880 , 262 ) as a w i ldfo r m of P . 3 1718 71313 (w h e r e i n h e h a s bee n fo l low ed by n um e r o u sa ut h o r s ) , r e m i n ded m e of a n ote w h i c h 1 publ i s h ed (Jou r n . Bot .

1897 , 426) w h i c h , qui te natu ra l ly , see m s to h a ve escaped M r . Hut

ch inson’

s n ot ic e . I t m ay be n oted t h at Watte r s ’ s spec i m e n i n t h eNat io n a l H e r ba r iu m f r o m Ha n c e ’ s ow n He r ba r i u m (w h e r e i t w asl abe ll ed P ; a l t h oug h f r o m t h e sa m e loca l i ty a s t h at a tKew c i ted by M r . Hutc h i n so n fo r P . ca l cip kz

’

la, i s n o t t h at spec ies ,

but is ide n t ified by M r . Hutc h i n so n w i t h P . 0 00 0 7110 11 . One o r tw odeta i l s r ega r d i n g P . 31716 713 13 m ay be w o r t h r ep r oduc i n g , w i t h o n ew h ic h has n ot p r e v ious ly bee n p r i n ted a n d i s , I t h i n k , of i n te r es t .I n m y publ i s h ed n ote 1 h ad m e n t io n ed a spec i m e n se n t to Robe r t

B r ow n a yea r ea r l ie r t h a n t h e date usual ly assoc iated w i t h i ts i n t r od uctio n

,a n d e n do r sed by h i m C h i n a , M r . Reeves , 18 18 t h i s i s

n a m ed by B r ow n “ P 7'

1'

11111l 11 071171 6 713 13 MSS .

” I t d id n ot t h e noc cu r to m e to fo l low t h e i n d icatio n t h us gi ve n ; t h i s I h a ve now

do n e,a n d fi n d i n B r ow n ’ s MSS . t wo fu l l desc r ipti o n s of the spec i es

o n e based o n Reeves’

s spec i m e n “ r eed . No v . t h e ot h e r on“Horticul t . Soc . sp. n o . 42 , Oct . T h e Reevesian spec i m e n isa ti n e o n e , w i t h t h r ee w h o r l s of fl ow e r s . To o n e of t h e desc r i pt io n sB r ow n adds a n ote : “ Obs . A P r i m u la charac teri recedit ta n tumm odo calyce pluridento fruc t ifero ve n t r ic oso .

”

M r . Hutc h i n so n ’ s r efe r e n ce to o n e Jo h n Ree ves suggests t h athe i s n ot acqua i n ted w i t h t h e val uabl e c ol l ec t io n of d raw i n gs madc i nC h i n a u n de r Reeves

’

s supe r i n’

te n de n c e , now i n the D epa r tme n t o fBota n y , n o r w i t h t h e t r i bute pa id to h i m by L i n d l ey w h e n n a m i n g inh i s h o n ou r t h e ge n u s R eeves ia

'

(Bot . Reg. A m o n g t h e sed r aw i n gs i s t h at of P . 3 1110 113 13 r efe r r ed to as h a v i n g bee n r ece i vedby t h e Ho r t ic u l tu r a l Soc iety i n 18 19 ; i ts ide n ti ty i s establ i s h ed bythe fact t h at i t bea r s t h e n at i ve n a m e i n C h i n e s e c h ar acte r s a n d hasat i ts feet a note i n Li n d l ey ’ s h a n d Spec i m e n s at Ho r t .t h e r e i s al so on t h e s h eet t h e n u m be r w h i c h , i t w i l l be r e m e mbe r ed

,i s assoc ia ted w i t h t h e p la n t a n d t h e Soc i ety i n B r ow n

’ s MSS .

A m o n g t h e n um e r ous o r i gi n a l d r aw i n gs fo r t h e 0 0 110 0 10 110 11 w h ic h

172 THE JOURNAL or Bor axr

w e h ave i n the D epa r t m e n t a r e t h e deta i ls , beauti fu l ly d raw n by“’il l iam Hooke r , fo r t h e p la te of P . 3 1716 713 13 ; t h e figu r e of t h e

pla n t,h ow e ve r , is n o t a m o n g t h e m .

Wi t h r ega r d to t he n o m e n c latu r e of t h e pla n t, 1 h ad i n m y

p r e v io us n o te i n d icated t h at t h e r e i s n o n eed fo r s pec ia l plead i n g i no rd e r to r eta i n t h e use of P . 3 1716 713 13 .

“ A s a m atte r of fac t,

” toq uo te w h at 1 had w r i t te n

,i t i s t h e ea r l ie r n a m e

,as pa r t i i . of

L i n d l ey'

s 0 0 116 0 111 71 6 0 , i n w h i c h i t oc c u r s , was publ is h ed o n Ap r i l 1 ,18 2 1, w h i l e [N YE /1118 118 Ke r (Bot . Reg. t . 539 ) dates f r o m t h e Ist ofMay of t h e sa m e yea r . T h e n a m e 3 1716 713 13 w as t h e n al r eady i nac tual u se , a s Ke r says i t w as “ m e n tio n ed to h i m b y M r . Sab i n ei t may be n oted t h at L i n d ley q uotes t h e n a m e as of Sab i n e “SS .

”

bu t r e j ec ted i t o n t h e g rou n d t h at t h e r e “as a P 7 177111111 3 1716 713 13

o f Lou r e i r o , w h ic h , w h ate ve r i t m ay h a ve bee n , w as ce r ta i n ly n o t aP 7

'1771 11111.

I take t h i s oppo r tu n i ty of ca l l i n g a tte n t i o n to t h e MSS . ofRobe r t B r ow n , w h i c h , l i ke those of So la n de r a n d D ryander k n ow n ast h e “ Sola n de r are i n t h e D epa r t m e n t of Bota n y . So m eac cou n t of t he l a tte r , w h i c h a r e bou n d and i n dexed , w i l l be fou n d in“ T h e His to ry of A iton

’

s 11 0 71 113 K6 10 6 71 3 13 ,” publ is h ed as a Suppl e

m e n t to t h is Jo u r n al fo r 1912 and a l so is s ued s epa rately ; the B r ow nMSS . are i n Sola n de r case s , a n d a r e a r r a n ged i n t h e n atu ra l o rde r s .Bot h co l lec t io n s ofte n t h r ow co n s ide rable l ig h t upo n t h e Ba n k s ia nHe r ba r i um w i th w h ic h t h e w r i te r s w e r e so i n t i m ate ly assoc iated .

SANDORICUM KOE TJAPE AND D E NDROBIUM CAN INUM .

B r E L M ER D . MERR ILL

(D i r ec to r a n d Bota n i s t, B u r eau of Sc ienc e , Ma n i la ) .

IN t h i s Jou r n a l fo r 1922 ( l x . 273) M r . R id ley takes except io n tothe appl ic at io n of t h ese t w o spec ific n a m es . I n o n e cas e h e i s i ne r r o r

,i n t h e ot h e r h e i s c o r r ect .

In r efe r e n c e to t h e appl icat io n of t h e n a m e Sa 71110 7*10 11 771 11 0 6 171117 6

(B u r m . f . ) Me r it , w h i c h M r . Rid l ey t h i n k s be lo n gs to S .

B l u m e rat h e r t h a n to S . 1 711110 11 771 Cav . , D r . Hoch reut iner w r i tesu n d e r date of Ja n ua ry 3 , 1923 ,

t h a t t h e type 0 15 115 0 1111 18 0 0011p 8B u r m f . sti l l ex i sts i n t h e D elcssert He r ba r i u m ; t h at i t i s 78 11 77

177 1110 71 771 Cav . ; a n d t h at , t h e r e fo r e , Bu r m a n’ s s pec ific n a m e

s h o uld s ta n d fo r t h i s spec i es . T h e use of a loca l n a m e i s n ot a lw aysa safe gu ide ; i n t h i s co n n ex io n D r . J . J . S m i t h of Bu ite n zo r g w r i tesu n de r date of Feb r ua r y 7 , 1923 , to t h e efiec t t h at l ‘

P/jfl jl i a n d3 6 7710 6 1 are c u r r e n t ly used i n w es te r n Java , but t h a t co n fu s io n mayocc u r fo r t h e r ea so n t h at w i t h o ut f r u i ts i t i s ofte n i m poss ibl e, espec ia l ly i n t he h e r ba r i u m , to sepa rate t h e tw o fo r m s . I n 1 6017171 t h ef rui t i s sw eet a n d ed ible , w h i le i n 36 7110 6 1 t h e f r u i t i s la r ge r

,m o r e

d i s t i n c t ly r ibbed ,sou r , a n d i s n o t eate n by t he n at i ves ; i n typica l

t h e l eaves are ofte n l ar ge r a n d t h e i n fl o r esc e n c es are l o n ge ra n d m o r e r obust and i n 3 6 7110 6 1 t he old leaves tu r n r ed befo r e fal l i n g ,

a n d t h e wood i s da r k r ed , w h il e i n 111 00 171 t h e l ea ves tu r n y e l low a n d


174: THE JO URNAL o r UUTANY

pre-L i n n ea n r efe r e n ces ; t h e y w e r e fo r the m os t pa r t , pe r h aps en

t irc l v , based 0 11 actual s pec i m e n s w i t h l it eratme 1efcre 11ces added111e 1ely to supply il lust 1at ion s of w h at was t h oug h t to be t h e sa m eSpec ies , q u ite as Linnze us ( l i d u n de r s i m i la r c i1eumstances . I t 15 n o tsafe to as su m e , w i t h out fi r s t s ea r c h i n g t h e h e r ba r i u m r eco r d , t h ata s pec i es w as ba sed o n a p r e -Li n n ea n r efe r e n c e

,espec ial ly i n those

cases w h e r e t h e desc r i pti ve se n te n ces w e r e ma n i festly based o nac tual bota n ica l m ate r ia l a n d n ot q uoted f r o m p re v io us a ut h o r s .

B IBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE S .

LXXXV I I I . THE E VOL UTION or L INNE ’ S SPEC IE S PLANTABUM .

’

THE p r epa rat i o n of t h e Spe cies P 111771117'

71771 took se ve ra l yea r s toacco m pl i s h , as w i l l be see n by t h e fol low i n g extracts f r o m t h ec o r r e spo n de n c e of L i n n é a n d ot h e r sou r c es . W h e n i t was begu nsee m s u n ce r ta i n ; but i n a lette r to h is i n t i m ate f r i e n d

, Ab ra h a mBac k— u n dated , but bel i ev ed to be w r i tte n ea r ly i n Septe m be r 1746L i n n é sa y s I a m st i ck i n g to Spec i es plantarum a n d a m w o r k i n gfro m m o r n i n g to n i g h t so t h at I a m grow ing g

0'

1eyw i th i t . ” Rat h e rm o r e t h a n t h 1 ee veai s late r , L i n n é w r ote to

r3

t h e sa m e f1 iend, 6thO c tobe r , 1749 :

“ I a m begi n n i n g co m pletely to cas t out Spec ies

plantarum f r o m m y t h oug h ts . HQ15 a yea i s i n c e I had ti m e to look

at i t . I d r o ve a h ead to Pol y a n d r ia i t i s i m poss i b le fo r m e to fi n i s hin a w h ol e yea r ’ s co n s ta n t w o r k I des i r e to l ea ve w h at I h ave do n ea s a test i m o n y t h at t h ose co m i n g afte r m ay see w h a t I c ould do

,i f

o n ly I h ad t i m e a n d di spos i t io n . T h i s aba n do n ed d raft i s int h e posses s io n of t h e Li n n ea n Soc i ety , a n d i s desc r i bed by D r . J . M .

Hul th i n S 1~e 71s1e 130 1117113 10 v i . 1912 ( 1913 ) (527—631 w i t hfa cs i m i l e of a page . As L i n n é was a l so busy o n t h e b r i n gi n g ou tof h i s flI1116 7‘1

'

11 M 6 1110 11 , 171 9 , i t i s ea sy to u n de r s ta n d w hy t h eprosecutio n of t h e 79176 0 16 3 w as h e ld up, but i t see m s ce r ta i n t h atw h e n h e r esu m ed h i s labou r o n t h e sa m e subj ec t i n J u n e 175 1 , h emade use of t h i s draft to h el p h i m . 0 11 the 28 th Ju n e h e w r ote toB ack :

“ I a m now w r i t i n g Spec ies plantarum, h a ve r eac h ed P 0 11 i n8 da y s , i f I m ig h t boast a l i ttle o r e ve n m o r e , I bel ie ve t h a t i ts l i kec o uld h a r dly appea r i n 10 o r 1000 yea r s ; i f I ca n co m ple te i t, i t i sfine t h r oug h out ; t h e r efo r e I w a n t to get a coupl e of s h eets p r i n ted ,t h at t h e w o r l d m ay see w h at h ad to be acco m pl i s h ed .

” T h r ee m o n t h slate r , at so m e date i n Septe m be r , h e w r ote : “ W h e n I a m w el l Iw o r k at Spec ie s and Museu m Ul ricae and so m e few da y s late )27 Sept . , I am w r i t i n g

,w h e n I ca n , o n ‘Spec i es plan tarum,

Museu m Reg i n ae ,’ a n d h yb r id pla n ts . ” By t h e 12th Nove m be r h e

r epo r ts : I a m w o r k i n g o n Spec ies plan tarum and h a ve co m e toI cosa n d r ia [p. On t h e 6t h M711c l 1, 1752 , h e sa v s : “ I

Ih avenow r ea c h ed i n m y ‘Spec i es ’ to Sy n ge n es ia [about p . 789 ] now ] a mt h i n k i n g of r est i n g a few days . ” On t he l 0 th Jul y he tel l s BackIf I can get so m e st r e n gt h , I w i l l c ome i m m ed iately to S tockhohn ,

o r rat h e r , to Ulriksdahl ; I w i l l h i ing 111 V Spec ie s ’

w i t h me .

Tu r n i n g t h en to t h e ‘Ki n g ’

Cab ine t ’

he 1 emarks o n the 28 th

EV OLUT ION OF LINNE ’ S ‘e crE s m u nr n

’

175

Ja n ua ry , 1753 :“ I a m w o r k i n g m ysel f to dea t h o n t h e Roya l

Cab i n et ,” a n d a w eek late r , 5 t h Feb r ua ry, I h a ve bee n w r i t i n g day

and n i g h t o n t h e Ki n g ’ s Cabi n et, s o t h at m y eyes ac h e , and I ca nh a r d ly c lose t h e m ,

” a n d co m m e n ts o n t h e co l lect io n grow i n g faste rt h a n h e can desc r ibe t h e Obj ects .

Aga i n m e n t io n i n g t h e ‘Spec i es ’Lec tu r e s stop i n a fort

n i g h t ; I am af ra i d t h at Sa l v ias w i l l o ve r take m e in p1 in t ing.

C ryptoga m ia sta n d befo r e m e , a n d n ot a w o rd yet m i tte n . T h eSpecies was dated 2nd May t h r ee w eeks l ate r . The fi r s t vol u m eca m e out i n May , fo r t h e Ldrda Twin ing/aw [Lea r n ed New s] , w h i c hwas al so p r i n ted by Sa l v ias , u n de r date of 24th May , 1753 , p . 145

,

says : We h ave t h e Oppo r tu n i ty Of speak i n g of a w o r k,w h ose t i t l e

i s Ca r ol i Linnze i Spec i es pl a n ta ra m ,

’ vo l . i. w i t h 560 pages i nT h i s w o r k w i l l co n s i s t of tw o vo l u m e s , of w h ic h t h e late r o n e w i l la l so be r eady i n se ve n w eek s . ” Late r , o n the l 6th August , t h e sa m ej our n a l says Spec i es plantarum s eco n d vo l u m e 11as c o m e f r o m t hep r ess du r i n g t h e last few day s ; it begi n s w i t h page 561 a n d c losesw i t h page 1200 . We h av e a l r eady i n t h i s J ou r n a l r e v iew ed t h e fi r s tv ol u m e , of w h ic h t h i s i s a c o n t i n uat io n f r o m t h e begi n n i n g of D idyn a m ia to t h e e n d of t h e Syste m .

”

I h ave to t h a n k D r. J . M . Hul th , C h i ef L i b ra r ia n of t h e Librai vat Uppsala U n i vers i ty, fo r t h e abo ve ext iact s , as I h a ve n ot su cc eededi n fi n d i n g a set of t h e L c

’

iada Tidnmqm in Lo n do n . I n th e Li n n ea ncol l ectio n a1 e a few ea r ly Cop ie s , w h i c h e n d i n 1752 . W i k s t r o m i nh i s Consp ectus Zzt teaatzu ce botaazzcce in Suecz

'

a (Holmiae , 1831 ,

pp . 153 , 191 ) r efe r s to t h e abov e passages w i t h out r ep r i n t i n g t h e m ,

a n d D r. H . E . R i c h te r i n h is Codex 122717208 0 s ( 1835 ) quotes“ Species p lan taram 1753 Mai et Aug ,

” p r esu m ably f r o mWiks t rom .

G o i n g back a l i ttle i n t i m e , w e fi n d t h at o n t h e 25 th May , 1753 ,

L i n n é was i n fo r m i n g Back t h a t h e cou ld sti l l tak e i n sv n onvms i n toh i s Appe n d i x , w h ic h m us t r efe r to pp . 1 190— 1199 i n t h e seco n dvol u m e

,a n d n ot t h e 2 pages of Adde n da i n the fi r st , w h i c h m ust hav e

bee n publ i s h ed by t h at t i m e ; 0 11 t h e 29th of t h e sa m e m o n t h her epeats t h e s tateme n t ; i n t h i s las t l ette r L i n n é says he has had no

h o l iday fo r t h r ee yea r s ; i n a n ot h e r s e n te n ce t h at Sa l v ia s p r o m i sesa p r o m pt r e v i ew ; a stude n t h ad bee n put to the ta sk , but Sal v ius hadi m p r o ved i t . A l ette r dated 1st Ju n e r elates t h a t t h e p r i n te r il l

soo n fi n i s h t h e Spec i es ,’ t h e n an u n dated and u n fi n i s h ed l ette r sa y s

Nex t w eek I ca n d rop bot h M useu m and Spec i es,

’

as bot h w i l l befi n i s h ed a n d I s h al l be a f r ee m a n t h i s appea r s to be the las ta l lus io n to i t a m o n gs t h i s exta n t l ette r s to Back .

B. D 1 1’

DON JACK SON.

176 THE JO URNAL or BOTANY

SHORT NOTE S .

M I M ULU S M O SC HATU S SCENTLE S S . I n co n n ex io n w i t h t h e i n te r es tw h ic h has a r i se n o n t h i s s u bj ect , Miss G e r t r ude Jekyl l app r oac h edM r . C . F . Sau n d e r s , Of Pasade n a , Ca l i fo r n ia , r ec ei v i n g i n r eply t h efo l low i n g l e tte r w h ic h s h e k i n d ly a l l ow s u s to publ i s h

“ You r le tte r h as Ope n ed up a n i n te r es t i n g subj ec t . .Mc

'

mu l nsmose lmfns u sed to be g r ow n a n d pe r h aps sti l l i s— r a t h e r co m m o n lyi n ga rd e n s of t h e Atla n t i c s ide of ou r Co n t i n e n t, a n d people w ho

k n ew i t t h e r e tel l m e i t was dec idedly m usky . 0 11 our w este r ncoas t i t s ee m s to be n egl ec ted as a c u l t i vated pla n t , a n d I k n ow ofn o o n e w ho 11as i t , sO I ca n n ot speak f r o m expe r i e n c e of i ts s ce n t inc u l ti vat io n h e r e . I n n atu r e t h e r e a r e t wo va r i eti es bot h m us ks c e n ted , but t h e va r inc l /ems , I r ead , i s o n ly fa i n tly so . Afte r rec e iving you r lette r I asked M r . T h eodo r e Pay n e , of Los A n ge le s , as eeds m a n w ho has do n e m uc h Of r ece n t yea r s to awake n i n te r e s t a m o n gCal ifo r n ia n s i n t h e va l u e of t h e i r n at i ve p la n ts fo r ga rde n s , to supplyme w i t h so m e seed of t h e m usk pla n t

,w h i c h h e l i sts i n h i s catalogue .

M y pla n was to se n d you so m e t h at w as n at i ve -g row n to test fo rf rag r a n c e . To m y su r p r i se h e tel l s m e h i s s eed i s i m po r ted f r omE u r ope ! I t i s q u i te poss i bl e t h at t h e co n ti n ual i n b r eed i n g of t h epla n t u n de r fo r e i g n co n d it io n s has r esul ted i n s upp r es s i n g e n ti r e lythe c h a racte r of sc e n t— a poss i bi l i ty h i n ted at , I t h i n k , i n n atu r e byt h e o cc u r r e n ce of t h e fa i n tly - sce n ted va r i ety r efe r r ed to . C h a n ge ofe n v i r o n m e n t, w e k n ow , h a s a m o r e o r l ess m a r ked effec t i n t i m e 0 11pla n ts . M r . Pa y n e has told m e t h at t h e seeds of E sc lzsclzo l fzia

ca l /f ormed , fo r i n s ta n c e , i m po r ted f r o m E u r ope (a p r i n c i pa l sou r c eOf t h e m fo r m a n y yea r s ) p r oduc e flow e r s not iceabl v d iffe r e n t inco lou r f r o m t h e Cal i fo r n ia n . I s h a l l e n deavou r to secu r e v ou so m en at i ve gi own seed of t h e m usk . T h e spec i e s i s v e1y ra r e inSouthei n Ca lif0 1 nia, a n d I do n ot k n ow a s tat io n fo r i t h ei e , o rw ou ld col lec t so m e seed m yse lf .

B .\RR E N LARCIIE S . I s h ould be glad to k n ow w h et h e r a n y ofyour r eade r s h a ve n ot i ced t h e complete abse n c e t h i s yea r of t h ec r imso n fe m al e cone let s 0 11 the La r c h T h e s m al l y el low m al e co n esI d id see o n o n e t r ee . I h a ve bee n sea r c h i n g fo r t h e m f ro m ea r lyMa r c h ti l l m id -Ap r i l

,i n o rd e r to m ak e myu sua l e n t ry Of the flow e r i n g

da te,a n d fo r t h e fi r s t t i m e fo r abou t five and tw e n ty yea r s I h ave

fa i l ed to do so . T h i s yea r , w h e n most l low eriug r eco rds a r e ea r l y .

I ex pected a Ma r c h date , t h e 5 th be i n g t h e ea r l i est 0 11 my l i st, a n dAp r i l 16 th the latest . Can i t be t h e effec t of t h e co ld , wet w eat h e rof l i st s u m m e r —E LEONORA AR M ITAGE .

.

‘1’ S E N E OIO v i scosus x v urfl ams . Las t a utum n so m e pla n ts of

S . vis cosus w e r e se n t to m e fro m E . G l os . (v .c . toget h e r w i thspec i m e n s Of w h at appeai s to be S . mscosus x vu/a zs . NO doub tr uff/an s w as i n the neighbomhood, t h oug h , a s a fact , S . nor/ 0 71219w as t he o n l y o the i S eneu o n oted .

'

1 h e supposed hyb1 1d has s m al l e rh eads and i n te r m ed iate p h yl la r i es , a n d t h e h eads i n f r u i t h a ve a ve rys t r o n g appea ra n ce of S . r uff/( Wis : f r u i t sets poo r ly . The pla n t i sfar less v i s c id t h a n '

vz'

s cosus . T h c ray- flo ret s are w e l l developed .


”


essent ia l p r ecaution w h e n t h e r eco rds of bota n ica l ly i g n o ran t’

fOlk

a r e i n quest io nW h i le , h ow eve r doubt m ay fa i r ly be e n te r ta i n ed w i t h 1 ega1d to

t h e accu1acyof so m e of t h e n a m es in t h e l i st , a co n side r abl e n um be rof w h i c h 1 est upo n t h e unsupp0 1 ted testi m o n y of a

“ sc h ool c h i ld ,t h e p r opo r ti o n Of t h ese i s r e lat i ve ly s m al l

,but i n c l udes so m e w h ic h

s u r e ly s h o u ld h a ve bee n O 111it ted Mr . Mac m i l la n , 0 11 t h ea u t h o r i ty of “ a sc h oo l - gi r l g i ves t h e n a m e “ Josep h a n d Ma ry a sused loca l ly fo r Spotted Fe r n s

,

” by w h i c h h e “ be l i e ves s h e m ea n st h e co m m o n h a r tsto n gue t h e r efe r e n ce to spots a n d t h e ge n e ralappl icat io n Of t h e n a m e t h roug h o ut t h e d i s t r i c t to P u lmonar ia l eavesl i ttle doubt t h at t h i s w as i n te n ded but i n a n y case i t i s d iffic u lt tosee w h at i s ga i n ed by spec u lati ve ide n t ificat io n s i n suc h a case .Agai n ,

“ Judas T r ee as appl i ed to t h e Tu l ip - t r ee i s , as M r . Mac

m i l la n says , “ p r obably due to a co n fus io n Of n am es ” ; i t i s su r e lyt r eati n g lege n d too se r io us ly w h e n i t i s po i n ted out t h at elde r s

,i n

t h i s co u n t ry at l east,w ou ld h a r dly be s u i table i n s ize o r s t r e n gt h fo r

t h e pu r pose ” of h a n gi n g Judas,w it h w h ose s u i c ide t h e E lde r i s so m e

t i m es popu la r ly as soc ia ted .

So m e n a m es w h ic h at fi r st suggest doubt a r e s uppo r ted by i n d i s

putable aut h o r i ty ; t h u s M is s Ida Rope r vouc h e s t h at Cl adium is

at S h apw i ck cal led Pussy - cats ’ - ta i l s,a n d t h e n a m e Of “ Aa r o n ’ s

bea r d fo r A l l iumv in ea l e was suggested by t h e h eads w i t h t h e st i ffyou n g l eaves g row i n g ou t of t h e top .

”But s u r ely “ F r e n c h m a n ’ s

D a r l i n g ca m e f ro m so m e book— t h e r e a r e too m a n y book - n a m es i nt h e l i st— w h e r e i t w as assum ed ( i n c o r r ec tly ) t h at t h e F r e n c h n a m efor Reseda odorata was m ig n o n ette , w h i c h , Of cou r se , i t i s n

’ tF r e n c h fo l k a lways ca l l i t r éséda . To take o n e m o r e i n sta n ce ofmi sappl i ca t i o n , o n e fee l s t h at suc h a n a m e a s “ E ggs and Baco n ,

”

t h oug h vouc h ed fo r by a w e l l - i n fo r m ed co r r e sponde n t ,” cou ld neve r

h a ve bee n appl ied to P arnassia , w h i c h , m o r eove r , 11as n o t bee n see n i nSo m e r set fo r a h u n d r ed yea r s ”

; a n d t h e ed i to r’ s pr es u m ptio n t hat

t h e n a m e r efe r s to'

some c u l t i vated va r i ety i s t h e k i n d of sugges

t io n w h i c h occ up ie s spac e usele s sly , fo r su r ely n o va r iety ” i s i ncul t i vatio n .

SO .far ou r co m m e n ts o n M r . Mac m il la n ’ s c o n t r i butio n to popula rn o m e n c latu r e h a ve bee n so m ew h at c r i t ica l ; but w e a r e far f r o m d i s

pamging t he val ue o n t h e inte1 est , f 1 0m a d ial ec tal po i n t of v i ew ,of

t h e copiou s mate1 ial h e h a s bi ought togethe1 . He 11as s h ow n in one

pa1 t icula1— w h a t e 1 e r vone who h as take n up dia l ec t w o1k 0 1 i s ac cu s

t omed to refei to t he D ia l ec t D ic t ionary k n ow s i n genei al— how

i n ex h au stib le i s t h e vocabu la ry Of t h e la n guage st i l l 11 a it i n g to beco l l ec ted . O f suc h n a m es a s t h es e a suppl e m e n t to the D ictionary ofL nyl zsh P lan t names h as fo r yea 1 s bee n accumulat i n g : t h i s

,i t i s

hoped , m ay so m e day see t h e l i g h t , a n d w i l l be grb

eat ly inc1 eased byt h e co n te n ts o f M 1 . Mac m i l la n ’ s book . F i o m i t w e m ay take an

exa m ple Of a n a m e w h i c h has n e ve r hithe1 to been i dent ified a n d , so fa r

An instance w hich c omes to hand as w e w rite is given in the recentSupp l emen t to the F lora of Cor nwa l l , w here it is stated that Hypericum l inea l-1i

fo lmm. rec o rded in a l o cal paper “as having been found by a. school child ,

pro ved to be H icmr inm u-umn t iac iun .

PLANT NA M ES ' 1 79

' as w e a r e aw a r e , occu r s i n o n ly o n e plac e in l i te r atu r e— in c h ap . xx i i .of Ha rdy ’ s Far from the M adding Cr owd, w h e r e i n a lo n g l i s to f pla n ts co m es a m e n t io n of t h e blac k - peta l led dol eful - he l l s .

”

T h e D ia l ect D ictionary, w h i c h c ites t h e passage a n d gi ves n o ot h e rr efe r e n c e fo r t h e w o r d , gi ves t h e so m ew h a t obv ious expla n atio n t h a tit was t h e n a m e gi ve n to some k i n d of pla n t,” a n d i t was n ot diffic ul t to co n c lude t h a tA tropa w as i n te n ded but t h e fac t i s establ is h edby o n e Of M r . Mac m i l la n ’ s co r r espo n de n ts f r o m C h a r m out h , w h e r et h e n a m e i s actual ly t h us appl i ed— t h i s co n fi r m at io n f r o m t h e cou n tyin w h i c h t h e sto ry i s la i d i s a n i n te r est i n g testi m o n y to t h e d i s ti n

guished aut h o r’ s w el l - k n ow n loca l exact n ess .

T h e o n ly t h i n g to r eg r et i s t he abse n ce Of t h e i n dex to the sc i e n t ificna m es Of t h e pla n ts i n a l p h abetical o r de r w h i c h was p ro m ised i n t h e p r efac e w h i c h i n t r oduced t h e fi r s t i n s ta l m e n t of t h e se r ia l i s s u e

,fol low ed

by t h e l oca l n a m es grouped‘

under eac h . T h e o m i ss io n i s j u st ified byt h e cost w h ic h suc h a l i s t , u n su itabl e fo r t h e c ol u m n s of a n ew spape rbut i n va l uabl e fo r possesso r s of t h e vo l u m e , w ou ld e n tai l . T h e r esee m s

,h ow e ve r

,n o r easo n w hy t h e bla n k page at t h e e n d of the book

s h oul d n ot h ave bee n occupi ed by a l i st of t h e books quoted i n t h etext

,fo r w h i c h both r eade r s a n d b ibl iog rap h e r s would h ave bee n

g r ateful .

2 . P lan t N ames i s a v e ry r eadab l e a n d o n t h e w h o le acc u r ateaccou n t of t h e Lat i n n a m es of pla n ts , i n w h ic h a g r eat deal of usefu la n d i n te r e sti n g i n fo r m at io n i s g r ouped u n de r va r i ous h ead i n gsm ed i c i n a l a n d co m m e m o r ati ve n a m es

,n a m es f r o m u se and f r o m place

of o r i g i n,c lass i ca l a n d fa n cy n a m es , a n d t h e l i k e . T h e r e a r e i n t r o

ducto ry c h apte r s deal i n g w i t h t h e h i sto ry a n d p r i n c i pl e s of pla n tno m e n c latu r e and w i t h spel l i n g a n d p r o n u n c iati o n t h e fi n al c h ap te r sdea l w i t h ge n e r i c n a m es— so far as t h ese refe r to so m e pec u l ia r i t y oft h e pla n t i n i ts r oot o r ste m , o r l eaf, o r bloo m , o r seed , o r s m el l , o rge n e r a l appea r a n c e — a n d w i t h t h e m o r e f r equ e n t spec ific n a m esand t h e i r m ea n i n gs : t h e r e i s al so a good i n dex ; t h e cove r , h ow ev e r ,i s agg r ess i vely ugly .

H e r e a n d t h e r e we co m e ac r os s state m e n ts w h i c h suggest t h a tA r c h deaco n Li n dsay is n ot ful ly acq ua i n ted w i t h h i s s ubje c t : i t i sn ew s to us t h at a n I n te r n atio n a l Co m m i ttee , appo i n ted b y the

Bota n i cal Co n g r e sses , “ assu m es co n t r o l o ve r matte r s of p r io r i t ya n d sy n o n y m y o r t h at w h e n a pla n t i s fou n d and n am ed by tw opeopl e about t h e sa m e t i m e , i t beco m es the duty of t h e I n te r n at io n a lCo m m i ttee to dec ide w h i c h n a m e w as gi ve n fi r s t

, and t h at 11 il l

be t h e pla n t ’ s t rue n am e , the ot h e r be i n g r ed uced to a synony111

( p . T h e r e are far too ma n y 11iisprin t s : o n p . 5 w e h avesibericus and Mc n trcsius

”and

( p . 18 ) are i n exc u sable ; “ Cardamindu in ”

(p .

“ S o ldinc l la

( p . 7 4 ) l lo rabundus Il ippoph d’

(p . 35 ) G r e v i l l ia

( p . 43 ) a r e but . a few of t h ose w h ic h m ig h t be c ited . “'

e ca n n otag r ee t h at i t i s now beco m i n g u sual to d rop the di p h t h o n gs (e and

£8 , a n d to w r i te Spirea ,Cra teyus and t h e suggest i o n t h a t l l o l ly

h oc k “ de r i ved i ts n a m e f r o m t h e Hol y l sland , L i n d i s fa r n e . o r f ro mt h e sa i n ts of t h a t i sl e

,afte r 11 110 111 i t was ca l l ed St . C u t h be r t

'

s Ka le

THE JOURNAL O F BOTANY

( p . 47 ) p r ese n ts a doub le d ifficul ty , fo r t h e Ho l ly h oc k does not g r owo n t h e i s la n d . I f a n y o n e e ve r s uggested t h at Co l tsfoot 1s p r obablyco ldswood

”(sic ) w e ag r ee w i t h t h e A r c h deaco n t h at

“ t h i s i s un

l i ke l y pe1haps t h e n a m e i n te n ded i s co ld’ ss f ood— an expla n at io n

gi ve n i n Brew e1 ’

5 D ict ionary of P hrase and Fabl e w i t h a G e r m a nequ i va le n t

, ca l t’

s ( s i c ) f a t ter ,

“ i. e . food f0 1 cold s a n d coug h s” '

P lan t .Names , h ow e ve r , i s qu ite a us efu l l itt l e book , a n d t h e m i stakes w e h a ve poi n ted out ca n ea s i ly be co r r ec ted i n a seco n d edit io n .

3 . T h e t i tle of P r of . Ha r vey -G i bso n ’ s l i ttl e book i s so m ew h atm i sl ead i n g, fo r i t is n o t B r i t ish P lan t N ames t h at a r e co n s ide r edin i t, but t h e n a m es of B r i t i s h p la n ts . Save fo r a s h o r t a n d n ota lways qu ite acc u r ate int r oduc t io n — it i s ce r ta i n ly n o t a lw ays t h ecase t h at w h e n a ge n us i s s u n k “ u n de r a n ot h e r a n d m o r e co m p r ehen sive ge n u s , t h e n a m e of t h e latte r i s t h e n e 1ted as t h e ge n e r i c o n ea n d t h e o lde r ge n e r i c n a m e beco m es t h e spec i fic o n e

,t h e o r igi n al

spec ific n a m e be i n g d ropped ,”

— t h e l i ttl e book i s a d ic t io n a ry , a r r a n gedin o n e a lp h abet ; t h e de r ivat io n s , t h oug h s h o r t , co n vey m uc h inform atio n ; t h us afte r co m m e m o rati ve n a m es , w h i c h w h e n spec ific h a vea s m a l l i n it ial , a r e gi ve n t h e cou n t ry a n d dates of t h e pe r so n co mmen1o1at ed— n ot alwavs ac cu1 ately n o r completel v— e . c.

“ T . Ki r k ,I r i s h bota n is t, flor . 1869

”w ould sta n d m o r e cori ect ly New Zeala n d

botan i s t (1828 T h e i c 1s a usefu l explanatmy l i s t of abb1 e viat io n s

,a n d t h e n a m es a r e acc e n ted— w e n o te t h a t G ladzo l as s ta n ds a s

G l adiol us ,” al t h oug h , as h as bee n sa id , t h e r e ca n be n o doubt

w h a teve r abou t t h e t r ue p r o n u n c iat io n [ G l ad io l us] , t h os e w ho adopti t a r e st i l l i n a s m al l m i n o r i ty .

T h e expla n at io n s of Lat i n n a m es so far as w e h ave tested t h e m ,

see m o n the w h o l e ac cu r ate , t h oug h w e r eg r et t h e i n c l u s i o n of suc he n t r i e s as t h at appe n ded to A rchange l ica by some regarded as

n a m ed afte r t h e A r c h a n ge l M ic h ae l , o r because it is said to be i nflow e r o n S t . Mic h ae l ’ s Day!

”( i ta l i cs o u r s ) ; t h e r e a r e , h ow eve r ,

c u r i ou s s l i ps — e . g . ba lmsiens is , n a t i ve to (sic) Ba h u s , a d i st r ic t i nB r azi l Ba h u s w as a n o ld p r ov i n ce of Sw ede n t h e aut h o r was p r obably t h i n k i n g of Ba h i a . I n v i ew of the fac t t h at t h e book i s l i kelyto be acc epted as a co n ve n i e n t aut h o r i ty , t h e specu lat io n s as to E n gl i shn a m es are u n fo r tu n ate a n d

,w e v e n tu r e to t h i n k

, out of plac e : e y. w e

r ead (s . .v C’a .mpanul a )

“ Hai ebe l l A n glo - Saxo n liara ; o r i gi n a l lyh oa ry

,t h e n c e t 1ansfe1 1 ed to hai1y, f r o m t h e del i cate h a i r - l i ke pe

dunc les ; but hai1y a n d h a i r l i ke a r e n ot sy n o n y m ou s , a n d 0 . rot 'zmdi

f o l ia 1s ne ithe1 hoaiyr n o r h a i ry . I t w ou ld see m t h at t h e P1 0 fessor

acc epts t h e pui el v m odem expl i nat ion of t h e n a m e (s . v . Hai ebel l ) ,a s to w h ic h t he Oxfon l D ie tionzny t c 1se ly says Hai1 - be ll

,n o n

e xi s te n t ,”add i n g t h at L i n d l ey t r i ed to establ i s h [t h e n a m e] i n t h i s

se n s e,leav i n g hare - be l l to i ts o r i gi n a l s e n s e — i. e . ,

as i s s h ow n byn u m e r ou s quotati o n s , S c il la mi tans . P i iv et aga i n (s . .v L igus trum)i s “ pe rhaps a fo 1 m of p1 ivate , f1o m i ts use i n fo r m i n g h edges o rsei eens the ( ) xfo id D i c t i o n ary m e n ti o n s t h i s suggestio n , addi n g“ but of t h i s t h e r e i s n o e vide n c e .

”The te m ptatio n to s ugges t

de i ivat ions ofte n pi o ves i r r es i st ibl e to a d i c t io n ary - m ake r ; t h e1 efe1 ence to Co l tsfoot i n t h e p r ecedi n g n ot ic e s h ow s w h a t i t may


182 TH E JOURNAL o r BOTANY

o w n colou r to be c o m b i n ed b y t h e eye i n to a co m plete col ou r sc h e m e .T h e w eak n ess of t h e p r oc ess l ay in t h i s

,t h a t i t al m ost de m a n ded

a pape r coated w i t h ba r y ta o r c h i n a - c lay w h ic h could n o t be gua r a nteed as pe r m a n e n t bes ide s t h e te m ptatio n to use . i n ks m ade f ro ma n i l i n e dyes w h i c h w e r e fugi ti ve . I n t h e co u r se of t h e i n te r e sti n gd i sc u ss io n w h ic h e n sued

,S i r D av id Prain r e m a r ked t h at M r . Ba n t l i n g

p r epa r ed t h e co lou r ed plates fo r h i s O r chids of S ikk im by t ra i n i n gn at i ve boys to co lo u r h i s Spec ia l po r t i o n of eac h plate

,t h e last touc h e s

c o m p let i n g t h e co lou r i n g be i n g put i n by t h e las t boy .

AT t h e m eet i n g of t h e sa m e Soc iety o n Ap r i l 19, M r . Ja m esG r o ves p r es e n ted a pape r e n t i tl ed “ Notes 0 11 I n d ia n C h a r op h y ta .

”

He stated t h at i t was se ve n ty - fou r yea r s s i n c e a sepa r ate accou n t oft h e I n d ia n charophyt es h ad appea r ed a n d t h at at t h at t i m e e le ve nspec ies o n ly w e r e k n ow n to occ u r . A few add itio n a l r eco r ds w e r ep ub l i s h ed i n 18 73 , a n d i n t h e F rag m e n te e i n e r Mo n og rap h ic de rCharaceen comp i led by Nordstedt f r o m B r au n ’ s MS . a n d publ i s h edin 188 2 , a n u m be r w e r e added . S i n c e t h e la st date m uc h co l l ec ti n g' h ad bee n do n e and t h e p r ese n t pape r w as t h e r es u l t of t h e exa m i n at i o n of spec i m e n s w h ic h had passed t h r oug h t h e h a n d s o f t h e l ate

-He n ry G r o ves a n d t h e aut h o r . In 1882 r ep r ese n ta t i ves of t h e ge n e r aChar a and l Vite l l a o n l y w e r e k n ow n f r o m I n d ia h e was now abl e tor eco rd a IV ite l l ops is , a Lychnothamnns a n d t h r ee spec ies of To lype l l a .

T h e pape r i n c l uded. desc r ipt io n s of tw o new spec ies , l Vite l l a Wa t t ii

and'

JV. nzirahil is (p r e v ious ly fou n d i n C h i n a, a n d n a m ed i n MS . byD r . Nordstedt ) . T h at m uc h w as st il l to be do n e i n t h i s g roup w ase v ide n t f r o m t h e fact t h at M r . G . 0 . A l l e n had w i t h i n t h e past t h r eeyea r s

,i n a co m pa rat i vely s m a l l a r ea

,added t h r ee w el l - m a r ked Spec i e s

to t h e I n d ia n flo r a bes ides r ed i sc o ve r i n g C. VVa l /ichii, of w h i c h o n lyt h e m a le pla n t col l ec ted in 1809 by D r . Wal l i c h was p r ev iou slyk n ow n , a n d estab l i s h i n g the occ u r r e n ce of N i/e l l ops is obtusa (inKas h m i r ) t h e o n l y p r e v iou s As iat ic r eco rd of w h i c h w as depe n de n t0 11 a poo r spec i m e n f r o m Bu r m a h , as to w h ic h , ow i n g to i ts s te r i l i ty,t h e r e h ad bee n a n ele m e n t of doubt.

FRO M t h e Jour na l of the B otan ica l Society of S outh Af r ica

( pa r t 9 ) we l ea r n t h at M r . F red E y l es , a n e n t h u s iast i c co l lec to r , so m e,o f w h ose p la n ts h ave bee n desc r i bed i n t h es e pages , has bee n appo i n tedC h ief G o ve r n m e n t Bota n i s t of Sou t h e r n R h odes ia ,

and t h at P r of ..T h oday

,w ho s i n ce I9 l 8 h as ti l l ed t h e Ha r vey B ol us C h ai r o f Bota n y

at Cape Tow n , i s l eav i n g t h at post fo r t h e. C h ai r o f Bota n y i n t h eU n i ve r s i ty Col l ege of No r t h Wal es . T h e n u m be r co n tai n s pape r s

(a l l o f t h e m i l l us t rated) 0 11“ T h e Nat i ve T r ees and T ree - S h r ubs of

K irstenbo sch ,

”bv li . H . Co m pto n , w i t h a keyto t h e spec ies ; Sout h

Af r i ca n Ir idacea’

,b y L . Bol us , w i t h n otes o n t h e i r c ul ti vat i o n bv

J . W . Matt h ew s , Cu rato r of t h e Nati o n al Bota n i ca l G a rde n s ; and

Ca r n i vo r o u s P la n ts of t h e Pe n i n s ula,

” by E d i t h Step h e n s . T h ee cc e n t r i c i ti es o f pagi n atio n s ti l l c o n ti n ue ; eac h pa r t i s paged separate ly,

a n d t h e n u m be r i s g i ve n in w o rds i n t h i c k black type att he foo t o f eac h page ; t h e page - h ead i n gs affo rd n o usefu l i n fo r m at io n , but t h i s i n e pti tude i s u n fo r tu n ately too co m m o n to cal l fo rr e m a r k .

BOOK-No'

rE s, NEWS, ET C. 183

THE t h i r d volum e of The Cacfacecc desc r i pt io n s a n d i l l u s trat io n s of t h e Cactus Fa m i ly —byN . L . B r i tto n a n d M r . J . N . Rosew as i s sued i n Oc tobe r las t by t h e Ca r n egi e I n st itut io n of Was h i n gt o n .L i k e ’ t h e p r ec ed i n g vo lum es , i t i s ad m i rably p r i n ted a n d abu n da n t lyi l l us t r ated— t h e r e a r e 241 plates , so m e of t h e m co lo u r ed , a n d . 250

figu r es in t h e text . We note t h at Cactus of L i n n aeus i s r etai n ed a sa ge n u s

,t h e type be i n g h i s 0 . M e l ocactus , u n de r [w h i c h ] na m e

h owe ve r w e1 e i n c luded se ve r a l spec i es . ” M a n y new ge n e r a , m ostlybased o n spec i es of E chmoco cfus a n d E chin ocer eus , a r e estab l i s h ed ,and t h e ge n us E chmojossul ocacz

‘us, to t h e publ i cat io n of w h i c h by

G e0 1ge LaW1 ence, u n t i l t h e n o ve r l ook ed w e cal l ed atte n t io n i n t h i sJou r n a l fo r 19 16 (p . i s take n up, w i t h tw e n ty - t wo spec i es .T h e accou n t of eac h spec i es i s v e ry co m p lete t h e bib l iog rap h y

,w i t h

n otes o n t h e m ate r ia l o n w h i c h t h e spec ies w e re o r i gi n a l ly based and

w h e n c e t h e figu r es w e r e take n , t h e i r geog rap h ical d i st r i but io n a n dot h e r i n fo r m at io n bea ri n g o n t h e i r h i sto ry , are giv e n w i t h a completen ess w h i c h we h ave s e ldo m see n equa l led . We n ote t h at D r . Stapf

(Bot . Mag . t . 895 1 , w h e r e by a p r i n te r’ s e r r o r t h e w o r k u n de r n ot i c e

i s a tt r ibuted to t h e E dito r of t h i s Jou r n a l ) r ef r ai n s f r o m tak i n g upE ch inofossu l ocactus fo r a pla n t w h i c h h e desc r i bes , r ega rd i n g it a sa n Ope n questi o n how fa r t h e spl i tt i n g up of t h e ge n e ra p r oposed by

B r i tto n a n d Rose i s j ust ified o n m ate r ia l a n d p ract ica l g r ou n ds . ”

7

T HE foui th volum e of Oudemans E nume? at io Sys/eman'

ca

Fwnqorum11as late ly appea1ed .

'

1 h e h ost pla n ts dea l t w i t h a1e t h e‘

A rchichlamydes t i o m Ma l va les onwa1ds a n d t h e Metac h la m ydeae . T h evo lum e is m uc h t h e sa m e s i ze as i ts p r edecesso r s

,h a v i n g 1232 (+ x )

pages , t h e la st fifty o r so of w h i c h a r e d evoted to Additamenta to thep re v io u s t h r ee vo l u m es , a n d t h e p r i c e is t h e sa m e— 41 gu i n eas . T h efift h vo lum e i s to co n ta i n t h e i n de x , a n d o n i ts appeara n c e i t w i l l beposs ibl e to h a za r d a n Opi n io n as to t h e pos i t io n the E numco'

an’

o i sl i ke ly to h o ld i n t h e l i te r atu r e of m ycology . M ea n w h i l e the impo r ta n c e of t h e w o rk to t h e s tude n t ca n n ot be o ve r - est i m ated — J . B .

THE B r i t i s h Mycological Soc i ety h e ld i ts sp r i n g fo ray at B r i s to lo n Ap r i l 20— 23 1’d . T h e fi r s t exc u r s io n w as to As h to n Cou r t Pa r k ,e n d i n g a t the Lo n g A s h to n Ho r t i cu ltu ra l Resea r c h S tat io n . On

‘

t h e 22nd , u n de r g r ou n d m us h roo m beds i n d i sused Bathstone qua r r i esw e1e vis i ted at CO 1 s h a m Wi l ts ; the last excu r s io n w as to \V1 ington'1 he cou n t1y ev e1ywhe1 e was amazingl v d i v a n d fun g i we r e scai ce .

'

1 he e ve n i n gs w e1 e devoted to infon nal di scus s i o n s ;'

M is s B . l\I.

B l eeze gave a n ac co u n t of h e r w o1k o n pol le n ste1 il ity i n t h e pot 1to ,

M 1 . F . E . S m i t h desc r i bed h i s 1111 c st 10 1t 1o ns o n t h e Mycogoned i sease of Mus h r oo m s ; and Miss E . M . “f

ake tie ld r eco rded h e re ffo r ts to p r o ve t h e r elat io n s h i p betw ee n Rhizoc t‘on ia rioiaceu a n d

— J . It .

A N E W ed i t io n ( the s i x t h ) of M r . J . M . Low so n ' s Ta rt - hoo l '

ofB otany h as latel y bee n iss ued ( p r i c e 93 . by t h e U n i v e r s it yTuto r ia l P r es s . T h e is sue of a new ed it io n i n d i cates t h a t the bookh as a vogue a m o n g a ce r ta i n c la ss of stud e n ts , but . as t h e r efe r e n c e smade i n t h i s J ou r n a l ( 19 12 ,

325 19 14 , 343 ) s h ow ,we ca n n ot rega r d i t

as sat isfac torv . To ourmind i t pr ese n ts the stud y of bo ta n y i n a m os t

l 8 at THE JOURNAL o r 110 1‘e

u n att rac t i ve a n d dep r es s i n g fo r m , a n d i t i s a m atte r fo r r eg r e t t h a ta book of t h i s type s h o uld appa r e n tl y be exte n s i vely u sed . A s a

glo ssa1y of te1 m s , il lust 1ated by a numbe1 Of c lea1 diag1ammat ic

s ketc h es,i t 11as a cer zt tin use , but t h at 15 t h e bes t t h at w e can say

of i t . ’

1 he c h ief a lte1at ion i n t h e p 1ose n t ed i t io n i s t h e add i t io n ofa c l 1apte1 o n E vo l utio n a n d G e n et ic s ’ i n t h e fo1 m of a s uppl em e n t — A . B . R .

THE If ew B u l l e t in ( n o . 3 ) co n ta i n s bes ides M r . Hutc h i n so n’ s

pape r 0 11 P r ionu l a co l c ip hilu, r e fe r r ed to o n p . 1 71 , t h e fi r s t pa r t o fan accou n t of t h e Flo ra of S i n al oa a S t -1te o n t h e Pac ifi c l itto r a lo f No r t h e r n Mex ico— byM r . L . A . M . R i l ey , co n ta i n i n g new spec ies ;and a co n ti n uat io n of D ecades Kew ensis ind a l is t of Add i t io n sto the Index Kewens is co n ta i n i n g t h e n a m es publ i s h ed by E . H . L .

K rause i n t h e seco n d ed i t io n of Stu r m ’ s F l ora c on D eutsch l an cl .

THE Jour na l of the L in nean S ocie ty (Bo ta n y , x l v i , n o . 308 ;Ap r i l 25 ) co n ta i n s A P r e l i m i n a ry Pape r 0 11 t h e Cut i cula r St r uc tu r eof ce r ta i n D i coty ledo n o us a n d Co n i fe r o u s Lea ves f r om t h e Middl eE oc e n e F lo ra of Bou r n e m out h , by He l e n a Bandul ska (2 p lates )a n d “ A C r i t i ca l Re v i s i o n of t h e B r i ti s h Spec i es of P o ly/s iphon ia ,

by D r. L i ly Batte n (4: plates ) : a new spec i es (P . sp z’

ml is ) f r o mSwa n age i s desc r i bed a n d fi gu r ed .

THE B u l l et in of the Torrey C l ub fo r Ap r i l co n ta i n s t h e descript io n (w i t h plate ) by M r . H . A . G leaso n , of Wzn tlsor inu, a new ge n usof Ruputeuceaz f r o m B r i t i s h G uia n a “ s i n c e Schomburgk n a m ed a

O 0 0"

1 0 0 Q 0

ge n us, Saxo-F redemczu

,a n d a spee1es , R ep orted . l f r zcl er i C i -Augus tz,

in h o n ou r of a co n te m po r a ry G e r m a n r u le r , t h e n a m e Windso '

rina i s0 Q 0

Q

O O

give n 111 commemoratmn oi: t h e House of Wi n dso r of G i eat Br1ta1n .

UNDER t h e t itl e L es F il ic in e'

es du Quebe c , F r . Ma r ie -Victon'

n

publ i s h es i n t h e Con t r ibut ions du L uborutoir e de B otan ique ofMo n t r ea l ( 110 . 2 ; Mo n t r eal , 1923 ) w h at i s e v ide n t ly a ca r eful a n dCo m p r e h e n s i v e desc r ipt io n of t h e fe r n s of t h a t r eg io n .

Pa r t 3 Of t h e B otan ica l Jll riynzine ( i s sued May 3 ) i n c l udesdesc r i pt io n s of a new Isotrema (I. chrysop s Stapf) f r o m C h i n a a n da new Rhododendr on f r o m t h e sa m e co u n t ry , n a m ed R . can tahil e byt h e late I . B . Bal fo u r i n r efe r e n c e to i ts c h a r m i n g flow e r s w h ic h a r ew o r t h to be s u n g .

’

M R . ARTHUR E . WADE , D epa r t m e n t of Bota n y , Nat io n a l Museu mof Wales , Ca rd i ff, i s col l ec ti n g m ate r ia l fo r a F lo r a of Mo n m out hs h i r e

,a n d w i l l b e glad to r ece i v e h e lp .

MR . C . V . B . MARQUAND , t h e so n of t h e l ate E . D . Ma r qua n d

( 1848 has bee n appo i n ted to a n a ss i s ta n ts h i p i n t h e Kew

He r ba r i u m .

WE r eg r et to r eco rd t h e dea t h s of ou r valued co n t r ibuto r WILL IA MHENRY PEAR S ON , w h ic h occu r r ed o n Ap r i l 19 at h i s r e s ide n c e at\Vith ington ,

Ma n c h e ste r ; of FREDERI C NEWTON WILL IA M S , w ho

d ied at Isl ew o r t h o n May 6 ; and of WILL IA M BARCLAY , w ho d i eda t Pe r t h o n .May 10 : n ot ic e s o f t h e i r l i fe a n d w o r k w i l l appea r late r .


180 1 1113 JOURNAL OF BOTANY

B r i t i s h spec ie s , but p r obably a c u l ti vated pla n t , w it h re111arkablys m al l flow e r s o n r at h e r l o n g pedu n c l es , of C . n ep e toides Jord .

Li n n aeus ’ s seco n d spec ie s , Jll e l isso N ep e ta ,p r ese n ts l i ttle diflicu l ty,

and t h e f 1 es h ep i t h ets c 1eated by La m a r c k and Moe n c h m ust hepassed o ve r i n favou r of C. N eep oto Sav i , Fl . Pis . i i . (53w h e1 e t h e L i n n ea n t 1 ivial was fi1 st 1 est0 1ed . T h i s spec ies i s repre

se n ted i n t h e Li n n ea n He r ba r i u m by C . nepc toidcs Jo r d .

T h e t h i r d a n d co m m o n est B r i t i s h spec i es— t h e Thy/mus Ca la

min tha Of S m it h ’ s E nyl ish B otany,— h a s bee n t h e mos t

gene1al lv co .11fused A l t h oug h k n ow n to Mon ison i t w as n o t d i s ti n

guished by L i n n aeus , fo1 i t i s geneial lv ag1ced t h at i t i s n ot , 0 1 at

m ost o n ly 111 pa1 t , h i s M e l i ssa Cn lmnzn tha . I t w as appa1ent ly ti1 st

s epa rated i n post-L i n n ea n t i m es by Host (Fl . Austr . i i . 129 as

C . ofi cinul is , w h i ch i s i n va l idated by Moenc l 1’

s ea1ul ie1 n a m e . A n d

i f C. ofi cina l is Moe n c h a n d C. men thwf o l io a1o igno1 ed as sugges tedabove , i t l emains to adopt J 0 1da n s C . « scandens (Obs . P l . Ra1 . iv .

8,t . I . f . B ( 18 w h e r e t h e pla n t i s desc r i bed at l e n gt h a n d w e l l

fi gu r ed . The ide n ti ty of t h i s spec ies w i t h the co m m o n B r i ti s h pla n ti s r ead i ly see n f r o m Jo r da n ’ s accou n t

,a n d i s abu n da n tly co n fi rmed

b y a co m pa r i so n w i t h the a m pl e a u t h e n t i c m ate r ial a t Kew a n d Sout hKe n s i n gto n .T h e t h r ee r ecog n i sed B r i t i s h Calam i n t h as w i l l t h e r efo r e be t r eated

as C . s'

z/l va t ica B r o m fie ld , C . N ep eta Sav i , and C . ascenden s Jo rda n .I fir s t co l l ec ted t h e new Cala m i n t , to w h ic h atte n t io n is 110W

d raw n , i n Septe m be r 1900 , w h e n I saw i t g r ow i n g i n so m e abu n da n cein a pe r fec tly w i ld s i tuatio n n ea r Sw a n age , D o r set . I t gave m e thei m p r ess io n of a la r ge - fie we r ed C. N epeta

— a spec i es w i t h w h i c h I w asn o t t h e n v e r y fa m i l ia r

,— but I dete r m i n ed at the ti m e t h at i t w as

n ot ide n t ica l w i t h t h a t pla n t o r C . ascendens , and i t r e m a i n ed un

n a m ed . I n 1912 I m ade a seco n d exc u r s io n to its h ab itat a n d

gat h e r ed a se r i es of spec i m e n s fo r exa m i n at io n ; a n d i n 1918 I h adroots o f i t se n t h o m e fo r c u l t i vati o n . I t 11as now flow e r ed i n m y ga r de nw i t h t h e t h r ee k n ow n B r i ti s h spec ies fo r fou r s uc cess i ve su mme r s .In add i t io n to t h i s D o r set m ate r ia l I posses s a n i m pe r fec t spec i m e n ,( o l lected i n 1900 by m y O l d f1 i e n d M I. C . R . P . Andi cw s i n G ue r n se yas C . as cendens va r . B ; Lf/JS Zi, w h ic h appears to be co n spec ifi c .

Qu ite 1 ecen t ly I h a ve take n t h e pla n t i n h a n d fo i ide n t i fica ti o n ,and h ave fou n d

,so m ew h at u n expected ly

,t h at I had discov e1 ed a

Ca la m i n t w e l l k n ow n i n Spa i n and Po r tugal , desc r i bed by Bo iss ic rand Reute r (Pugil lus Pl . No v . 92 as C . hm‘ica . MyD orsetspec i m e n s ag ree w i t h t h e o r i gi n a l desc r i ptio n , and match t h e exsiccataa t How and He r b . Mus . B r i t . , w h i c h i n c l ud ‘

aut h e n ti c mate r ialr ece i ved f ro m B o issier

,exc ept t h at t h e i r l eaf - cu tt i n g i s a l i ttl e m o r e

p r o n ou n c ed , p r obab ly ow i n g to ou r mi lde r and mo i s te r c l imate . I t isposs ibl e t h at on t h i s g rou n d t h ey may be va r i etal ly sepa r ated , bu tt h i s i s c e r ta i n ly u n des i rable w i t h o u t a fu l l k n ow l edge of t h e l i v i n gSpa n i s h type .

C . hue/[ cu is 111ain tained as a d i s ti n c t spec ies by Wi l lko m m a n dLa n ge (Fl . IIisp. i i . 4 13 and appea r s to hav e , about as

good a c lai m to t h at ra n k as t h e o t h e r iritish and fo r e i g n fo r m ss i m i la r l y r ecog n i sed . In B r iq ue t

'

s L abié es des A lp es-flf aritzmes ,

A N E W BRI T ISH CA LA M INTH A 187

pt . i i i . 433 so. t h e w h o l e g r oup r ece i ves a rat h e r Benthamiant r eat m e n t , r e se m bl i n g t h at acco rded by B r ique t to S a l v ia Verbenaca .

Te n fo r m s p r e v iously desc r i bed as spec ie s , i n c l ud i n g a l l t h e B r i t i s hpla n ts

,a1e placed i n o n e aggl egate spec i es , Satmeiu C l amin tha ,

u n de1 w h i c h a r e t h i ec subspec ies (sil va t i ca ,as cendens , and A eep e ta )

d i v ided i n to n i n e va1 iet ies . T h e s ubspec i e s sil va t icu°

e m b1ac es t w ova r i eti es— u s il cat icu ( C . syl vatica Bromf . ) a n d B ca lamin thoides .

T h e latte r va r iety i s based o n Thymus ca lamin thoides Reichb . i nHo l le Pl . Lusit .

- m ade r . E xsicc . a n d of t h i s C . baetica Bo i ss .Rent . i s m ade a sy n o n y m . Hel l ’ s pl a n t

,w h i c h ca m e f r o m Made i ra,

was n o t desc r ibed by Re i c h e n bac h , a n d t h e va l id ity of i ts n ame ,w h ic h i s i n c l uded i n a l i st publ i s h ed i n Hooke r ’ s Journ a l of B otany,

i. 19 i s do ubtfu l . T h e Madei r a n fo r m w as subseq ue n t lydesc r i bed by R . T . Low e a s AIe l issu r otundif

’

o l ia i n t h e Transac tions of the Cambr idge P hil osophica l S ocie ty, v i . 536w h ic h appea r s n ot to h ave bee n see n by B r i quet

,a n d t h e desc r ipti o n

w as r ep r i n ted i n 185 1 i n Low e ’ s N oe it ice F l or ee JlIaderensis , p . 536 .

T h e n a m e M r otundif o l ia i s a tt r ibu ted by Low e to So l . MSS . ; ab r i ef d iag n os i s by Sola n de r ex i sts i n t h e Ba n ks ia n i n te r l eaved copy ofWi l ld . Sp . Pl . p . 3027, a n d t h e type - spec i m e n na m ed by h i m , f r o m t h eBa n ks ia n h e r ba r i u m , i s i n He r b . Mus . B r i t . T h e B r i ti s h Museu mc o l lectio n a l so co n ta i n s a fa i r se r i es of Low e ’ s spec i m e n s , w h i c h ,a l t h oug h va ry i n g

,ag r ee ge n e r a l ly w i t h h i s desc r i ptio n a n d t h o se of

So la n de r a n d B r i que t . Fo r t h e m ost pa r t t h ey bea r so m e r ese m bla n c eto B r iquet ’ s va r . s il catica , a n d t h u s expl a i n t h e pos i t io n o f his

Bcalamin thoides . B ut I do n ot t h i n k t h ey a r e ide n t i ca l w i t h t h eSpa n i s h C . haetica ,

w h i c h B r iquet u n i ted w i t h the m,because t h ey

usua lly lac k t h e c h a r ac te r i st ic t r ia n gu la r , t r u n cate - based l ea ves a n ds h ow m uc h lo n ge r -pedunculed a n d few e r - flow ered cymes . C. bce t ica

s h ou ld , I bel i e ve , be sepa rated a n d placed n ea r e r t h e A lge r ia n C . he tero

tr icha Bo i s s . Rent . a n d C . N ep e ta .

T h e desc r i pt io n 850 . of C. haet ica i s a s fo l l ow sCALA M INTHA BZE TICA Bo i ss . Reu t . I’ugil l . Pl . No v . 92 ( 18 52 )

Wil l ko m m La ' ge,Fl . Hisp. i i . 1113 C . oj ic ina l is 13 ril l osa

Bo i ss . V oy. Bot . E sp. 497 (1839— 45 ) ex spec . aut h . C . ofl i ciua l is

B vi l losissima Be n t h a m i n D C . Prodr . x i i . 228 ex pa rte ;C. men thaef ol ia var. bcet icu Bal l , Spic . Fl . Marocc . 111 Jou r n . L i n n .

Soc . x v i . 613 Sate/re in, Ca lamin tha subsp. s il ra t ica,B ca l a

7ni72thoides B r i quet , Lab i ées Alp.-Ma r i t . i i i . 41341 ex pa r te ;

Cout i n h o , Fl . Po r tuga l , 5 17E xsicc . Po r ta Ri go , I t . iv

’

. B i sp . 1895 , Yu n que ra, Ma lac i ta n a !Rev er ,chon Pl . d

’

Andalousie, 18 89 , n o . 25 1 , Ro n da ! R. P . 1Mu r ra y ,Opmto , 1887 , i n Hb. Kew ! \Vol ley D od, 11 1. t

‘a lpensis , n o . 8 , 1s

CNofi Cinal i s v . 11ce t ica ! Bomgeau ,P l . d l l spagne . l 8 53 , 1111 198 11,

A lgai ve, as C . Q Icma l is ! “ il lkdmm. It . l i isp. n o . 696 , S ien a

Ne vada ,°

as III. Ca l amintha v . zzl l osa

Rootstoc k much b1a111 hcd , 11 ith n u m e r ous s te m s 30—70 c m . long,

sube r ec t f1 o m a decum be n t a n d 1oo t ing base . ofte n fo 1 111iug 1 hu getuft . Ste m s v i l lous w i t h spr ae 1ding s h e l f in tei nodesand u sual ly m uc h bi anched . Lea ve s sn 1: .1l l men o n the m a i n s te m s ,r a rely exceed i n g 2 c m . i n . l e n gt h a n d o fte n c tpta l l v b r oad . o vate

H . C . P . dc ] .

Cn lmm’

n é lmMe t/1m. Bo iss . Rent .0

art of plant natural size , w ith detached calyces x 3 . (Froma D o rset spccmi en .)



227 C. mc n l hrefo l ia G r. do G odr . Fl . F r . i i . 664n o n Hos t ; Sa-fure ia Ca l amin tha 3 ascencl ens B r iq uet , Lab . A l p .

Ma r i t . i i i . 436Ste m s few ,

e r ec t n ea r l y f r o m t h e base , n ot m uc h b ra n c h ed ; l ea vesb road ly o vate , obtuse o r su bacute , obsc u r e l y se r rate , rat h e r la r ge o nt h e m ai n ste m s , s m al l e r and n a r r ow e r o n t h e b ra n c h es ; cy m es subs ess i l e (exc ept t h e low es t) , subumbe l hform, sp r ead i n g i n f1 ui t cal vx

be n t o n t h e ped ic e l w i t h r efl exed uppe r l i p and ve ry lo n g, c 111 ved ,

co n spi c uously c i l iate teet h to low e r l i p ; h ai r s of t h r oat i n c lud ed ;co ro l la Q of m ode rate s ize , w i t h rat h e r s h o r t tube , pa le l i la c - pi n ks l ig h tly va r iegated w i t h pu r pl e .

Pla n t ( i n B r i ta i n ) s h o r te r - l i ved , but seedi n g m o r e f r eely , t h a n t h eot h e r spec i es .f . B r iggsii ; C. men thcef o l ia va r . B r iggs ii Sy m e , E . B . ed . 3

,v i i .

35

P la n t tal l e r a n d m o r e r obust ; l ow e r cy m es w i t h ra t h e r lo n gpedu n c le s .

3 . C . NEPETA Sav i , Fl . Pis . i i . 63 Jord . Obs . Pl . Rar. iv .

t . 2 . f . A ( 1846 ) Be n t h a m i n DC . Prodr . x i i . 227 ( 18 48 ) 11Ie l issa

N ep eta L . Sp . Pl . 593 C. p ar vifl ora Lamk . Fl . F r . i i .396 C . t i ichoioma Moe n c h , Met h . 409 C. obl ique

Host , Fl . Austr. i i . 131 S ha imeia \ eepe ta Sc h eele i n Flo r a ,

xx v i . 5 77 S . Ca l amin tha HIVeepe te B r i quet , Lab . Alp.-Ma i i t .

i i i . 440Ste m s m a n y, asce n d i n g f r o m a dec u m be n t base , ge n era l ly m uc h

b ra n c h ed ; l eaves o vate o r del to id - o vate,obtuse

,s ube n t i r e o r obsc u r e ly

se r r ate,s m al l ; cy m es s h o r tly pedu n c led , a sce n d i n g i n f r u i t ; caly x

w i t h n ea r ly s t ra ig h t l ips , t h e teet h of t h e low e r n o t m uc h lo n ge r t h a nt h e u ppe r

,st r a ig h t a n d w eek ly c i l iate ; h a i r s of t h r oat p r ot ruded ;

c o rol la {5 r at h e r smal l , w i th r e lat i vely lo n g tube,pa le l i lac s l ig h tly

va r i egated w i t h v i o let .P la n t m o r e s h o r tly h airy (pubesc e n t) t h a n t h e ot h e r spec ies .4 . C . B E TICA Bo i ss . Rent . l . c .

Ste m s m a n y , asce n d i n g f r o m a dec u m be n t base , usual ly m uc hbra n c h ed l ea ves o vatc o r t r ia n gula r - delto id w i t h t r u n cate base , ve ryobtus e

,s ube n t i r e 0 1 obscu l el v sen ate , s m al l ,

c 1 m es shor .t ly pedunc led

a sce n d i n g i n f r u i t ; calyx w i t h n ea l l 1 st 1aight l i ps , t h e lou e1 w i t hl o n g,

s t ra i g h t , c i l iate teet h ; h ai r s of t h 1oat i n c l uded ; emo l la orat h e r la r ge , w i t h lo n g tube . p i le l i lac pi n k s l ig h tly va r i egated w i t hpu r pl e .

Pla n t n o r m al l y m o r e h i r s ute t h a n t h e p r ec ed i n g spec i es .B r i t i s h exam pl es of C . hwfi ca (Pugsl e y n o . 40 1 ) h a ve bee n

depos i ted i n t he He r ba r i a at Kew a n d Sou t h Ke n s i n gto n .

Po sr s c n [ M t — S i n c e t h e abo ve pape r l eft m y h a n ds I h ave r ec e i veda c op y of the f i’ e/mr / of {he B o/u izicn l E a

‘rhaar/e C l ub fo r 1922 , w h i c h

co n ta i n s ( p . 6 18 ; r e m a r ks b y D r . D r uc e r espect i n g C . boe t‘ica ( s ic )

t h at ca n n ot pass u n c h a l l e n ged . D r . D r uc e p r oposes to n a m e thepla n t “ S n / 10 74 " Co l umin fha Sc h eele 1 ar . 2

'

1 l l osa. co m b .

no v . and q uotes as a sy n o n y m t rm/n /ha of z'

c iua l is var . r i l l o sis

S zmo. “'

il lkomm 11: La n ge , P r od . Fl . l l isp. T h i s is a fal s e

.1 NE W 11 111'

1'

1s 11 19 1

c i tati o n t h e pla n t.does n o t s ta n d i n t h e F l ora [ l ispmu

'

r'

a as

ofi eina l is var . v il l osisxinm, but as a d i st i n c t spec i es,C. be e/{ca

B o i ss . 86 Rent . Touc h i n g D r D r uce s r e m a r k t h at 0 11 a Tm'

axa cumsta n da rd it m ay dese1 ve spec ific 1 a n k , i t may s uffi ce to obse r ve t h a tt h e aut h o r s of t h e standai d Flo r as o f t h e t w o cou n t r i es w l 1e1e t hepla n t h a s lo n g bee n k n ow n to oc cu r (Wi l l ko m m La n ge , a n dBat tandier 85 Trabut ) t r eat i t a s a spec i es ; B r i q uet a l so gi ves i t t h esa m e ra n k a s t h e ot h e r m e m be r s of t h e g ro up . Boissier

’

s va r . v il l as-a

w as publ i s h ed m e r e ly as a h a i r y va r i ety of C. qfi'

cz

’

na l is,a n d i n t h e

Pugil lus , w h e r e h e subseque n t ly desc r ibed C. bw l ica i n co n s ide r abledetai l

,i t i s n o t r efe r r ed to . T h e ide n t i ty of t h e t wo pla n t s i s based

o n exsiccata se n t o ut by Boissier u n de r t h e ea r l i e r n a m e .D r. D r uce m akes a fu r t h e r m i s - sta te m e n t of l ess i m po r ta n c e

in say i n g t h at I d isco ve r ed t h i s p la n t i n 1922 . I n P r oc . L i n n . Soc .

,

D ece m be r 1922 , f r o m w h i c h a lo n e h is i n fo r m at io n c o uld h ave bee no bta i n ed

,i t i s stated t h at I fou n d i t in 1900 , a n d aga i n i n 191"

11. W. P

ON THE TYPE - SPE CIE S OF BIGNON IA .

THE ex te n s i ve seg r egat io n to w h i c h t h e Linuzean ge n us B ig/ 110 11 111h as bee n s ubj ec ted h a s left t h e p r e se n t - day appl i cat i o n of t h e n a m e am atte r o f di spu te . Bu r eau (Monogr . B ig n o n . 44

, pl . 7w i t h out desi g n at i n g a type , figure1 B ig/110 11111, 11115 1118 L . ( i . e .

,B .

unyuz’

s - caii L . ) to r ep r ese n t t h e ge n us , a n d i s fol low ed by B u r eau S:

Sc hum a n n ( i n Ma r t . Fl . B r a s . v i i i . pt . 2 , 28 1 , w ho r est r i c tedt h e n ame B iynoma to B . zuzguzs

- ca t 1’

and i ts c lose al lv B . e i o lemV e l l

,

but w i t h ou t ad va n c i n g a n y r eea so n fo r t h i s cou1 se . 1n 19 13

Re h de r (Mitt . D eutsc h . D e n d i . ( 1 es . 1913 ,262 ) sel ected B . 1 ( 111

7

10 11118 L .

as the type of t h e ge n u s m a i n ly o n the g rou n d t h at t h e plate ofTou r n efo r t ( I n st . 1. 164 ,

pl . 72 , t h e o r i g i n a l aut h o r of t h en a m e B ign om

'

a ,r ep r ese n ted t h i s spec i es , at lea st so fa r as the flow e r

a n d floral pa r ts a r e co n c e r n ed . T h e sa m e spec i es w as a l so des ig n atedas type of t h e ge n us i n 1913 i n t h e seco n d ed i ti o n of B r itto nB r ow n ’ s Il lush '

a lml F l ora ( i i i .M r . Sp rague , on the ot h e r h a n d . i n a n i n te r esti n g pape r 11 11 T h e

Type spec i es of 13117110 11111”

( Tou r n . Bot . l x 236 ma i n ta i n st h a t the spec ies figui ed by l oui nefmt (except as to t h e f i n i t ) 11 asB . 0 0101 0 0 111111 L .

,and t h at t h i s spec ie s i s the1 e fo i e the t 1 pe . 111

a late r n ote cu‘. 363 r

" '

efei i i11g to 11 ehdc i s a i t ic le .

M r . Sp rague rea ltirms h i s co n v i c tio n t l 1.1t '

, l our11efo 1 t s i l l u st ra t io n oft h e flow e r a n d flo ral detai l s r ep r ese n ted B . cup reo la /a . M r . Spr agues tates t h a t ce r tai n m i n o r detai l s of co r ol la fo r m , cal y x shap

e. and

c h a rac te r of d i sk s h ow n i n Tournefort'

s plate ag ree w it h t h ese part s o fB . 0 1111 1 8 0 71111: and n o t o f co m pa r i n g

'

l‘ournc fo rt

'

s

pla te w i t h E n1 ca n s beaut il ul Iigin es . as sugges ted b y M i . Sp ragu e .a n d a l so 11 it l1 her a

'b i 1 ium spec i m e n s . l am n o t able to fol low h i m i nh i s bel i ef t h at the spec ies tigui ed i s de tin itel v B . 111 t h efii st place , i t m ust be i c in embe i cd t h at l onine l or

’

t s ligui es me so m e

192 T HE JOURNAL or BOTANY

w h at ge n e ra l i zed . He was m e r ely r ep r ese n t i n g in 17t h ce n tu ry styl et h e m o r e obv ious fl o ra l featu r e s of a new ge n u s , n o t , l i ke Bu r eau .

figu r i n g w i t h sc r upul o us ac cu racy t h e m i n uter d i st i n c ti ve deta i l s ofa l l i ed ge n e ra . T h e p repe r tube of t h e co ro l la , fo r i n sta n c e , atm atu r i ty i s n ot abso l ute ly i n c l uded i n t h e ca lyx , as Tournet

'

ort figu r esi t

,i n e it h e r spec ies . Figu r e 0 of Tou r n efo r t , 0 11 w h i c h M r . Sp ragu e

r el i es i n h i s r ema r ks about t h e d i s k,can be r efe r r ed to o n e spec i es as

w e l l a s to t h e ot h e r .One po i n t n ot me n ti o n ed at al l by M r . Sp rague see m s to i n d icate

defi n i t ely t h a t Tournefo rt ’

s i l l u st rat io n s r ep r ese n t B ignmzia w ul icmzs ,a n d t h a t t h i s s h o uld i n co n seque n c e be r ega rded as t h e type of t h ege n us B ig/10 1150 . T h e ca ly x , as i s c l ea r ly s h ow n i n figu r e AD

,a n d

so m ew h a t l ess c learl v i n figu r e D , i s 5 toot h ed w i t h d i st i n ct acuteteet h . T h i s 15 p r ec i se l y t h e calvx of B . 7 adzcan s . I n B . cap reo l az

‘a ,

0 11 t h e ot h e r h a n d , t h e ca lyx lias a n ea1 l y o r qu ite t r u n cate m a r gi n ,w i t h t h e teet h e i t h e r ve ry sl10 1 t, bl u n t , a n d obscu r e , o r repr

o

esented bym i n ute mucronulat ions . T h is , in m y Opi n io n , i s t h e o n ly featu1 e i nTournefort

’

s figu r es w h ic h i s defi n i tely ass ig n able to o n e of t h e tw os pe c ies co n ce r n ed a n d n o t to t h e o t h e r , a n d i t i s a featu r e so defi n i tea n d so u n l ike ly to be m is r ep r ese n ted t h at t h e figu res ca n be r el i edupo n fo r t h e dete r m i n at io n of t h e spec ies co n ce r n ed .

I t s h ou ld be n oted t h at,w h i l e t h e ge n u s B ignon ia i s take n i n

Dal la To r r e a n d Ha rms ’ s Index S iphonogamarum i n t h e se n s e gi ve ni t by Bu r eau a n d Sc h um a n n , t h e Rafinesquian sy n o n y m s t h e r e g i ve nbelo n g to ot h e r ge n e r a .

As s tated by Re h de r a n d by Sp r ague t h e p r ope r n a m e fo r thege n us typi fied by B . zmguz

’

s - ca t i i s D oxmztka Mie r s M iers’

s

ge n u s w as a so m ew h at h ete r oge n eo u s o n e , but he s tated defi n i te ly t h a tt h e type was B . n uz

'

s - ca tz'

. T h e defi n i tely k n ow n spec i es are t h efo l low i n gDOXANTHA D ASYONYX B lake — B ign on ia (hwy/onyx B l ake i n

Co n t r . G ra y He r b . 11 . s e r . l i i . 94DOXANTHA EKOLETA (V el l . ) Mie r s i n P r oc . Roy. Ho r t . Soc . i i i .

190 — B ignon ia exo l e ta Yel l . Fl . Fl u m . 248 I co n .v i . pl . 30

D OXANTHA UNG L‘

IS - CAT I (L . ) Re h de r i n M i tt . D eutsc h De n d r .G es . 19 13 ,

262 — B 12q710 71 1'

0. mama'

s - cad L . Sp . P l . i i . 623D amn/11a unguis Mie r s , l . c . B ig/710 11 1}: ca l f/orn ica

B randegee i n Zoe , v . 170 , 1903 .

S . F . BLAKE ,U .S . D ept . o f Ag r icul tu re , Washington .

INmysu ppl eme n ta ry n ote o n t h e type - Spec i e s of B ignom’

a (Jou r n .

Bot . 3 03 ) s i x c h a r ac te r s of the ca lyx , co r o l la , di sc , a n d o va r y“w e m e n ti o n ed i n suppo 1 t of t h e v i ew t h at B z

'

gn om’

a,Tou r n . I n st .

t . 1 fiu s A I ) 1epi esen t s B . capw ola fa,not B . ma

'zcans . D r . B lake

does n ot de n y t h at t h ese c h a ra cte r s a r e o bse r vabl e in Tou1 nefort ’

s plate,

but s umma r i l y di s m i sses t h e m as “ mi n o r de ta il s . H is s tate m e n tt h a t “ figu r e C ca n he r efe r r ed to o n e spec i es a s w el l a s to t h eot h e r is suiprising to put i t mildlv . I t m ay sulfice to m e n t io n i n


194 TH E 1 0 11 1111 11 1.'

O F BOTANY

WILLIAM HENRY PEARSON , M .sc .

, A .L.S .

(1849

“( ILLIAM HENRY PEARSON w as bo r n 0 11 July 22nd,1849 , a t

Pe n dl eto n , n ea r Ma n c h este r . O n l ea v i n g sc h oo l h e w as placed w i t h aMa n c h es te r firm of ya r n age n ts to l ea r n t h e bus i n ess , a n d e ve n tual lyset up i n t h e sa m e l i n e h imse lf . A l t h oug h h e ac t i vely pa r t ic ipa tedi n t h i s bus i n ess up to t h e t i m e of t h e s h o r t i l l n ess w h i c h cau sed h isdeat h

,h e fou n d t ime to acq u i r e suc h a n ex te n s i ve k n ow l edge of

Hiepat icce t h at fo r ma n y yea r s h e was t h e c h i ef a u t h o r i ty i n t h i sc o u n t ry 0 11 t h ese pla n ts . I t see m ed a pecul ia r t h i n g to e n te r a ya r nage n t s offi c e a n d find a n e n t h us iast ic h epati co logi st

,who g r eet-ed o n e

w i t h a pl easa n t smi l e a n d r eadi ly e n te r ed i n to a co n ve r satio n abouth i s be lo ved pla n ts . Ma n y a n i n te r est i n g i n te r l ude to bus i n es s 11asbee n Spe n t in t h i s w ay; n ot o n c e o n ly , but sco r es of ti m es h as asc i e n t ific d isc uss io n bee n i n te r r upted by th e w h i r r of t h e te lep h o n ebel l a n d t h e e n t h us iast i c bota n i st bec o m e t h e bus i n es s man quot i n gt h e p r ic es of va r io us ya r n s . A s a ge n e ra l r u l e , h ow e ve r , Pea r so n d idn ot m i x u p h i s bus i n ess w i t h h i s bota n y : 0 11

’

C h a n ge h e w as t h e kee nbus i n ess man sel l i n g h i s ya r n s , a n d m a n y of h i s c u sto m e r s k n ew n o tt h at h i s bota n i ca l r eputa tio n w as a n i n te r n atio nal o n e . Now a n daga i n

,bus i n ess ca r es w e r e put 0 11 o n e s ide , a n d he i n d u lged i n a

bo ta n i ca l r amble w i t h o n e of t h ose w ho h ad t h e p r i v i l ege ofD

'knou ingh im. A st ianger, m eeti n g h i m o n s uc h a n oc cas io n , n e ve i di eamtt h at t h e man w i t h s uc h a r e m a r kable k n ow l edge of t h e c h a ra cte r s andh ab i ta ts of t h e s m al l l i ve rw o r ts w as yes te rday m ak i n g a dea l w i t h ac otto n - double r

,as bus i n e ss ca r e s o r w o r r ies w e r e v e ry ra r ely m e n tio n ed

e ve n to h i s m ost i n ti m ate f r i e n ds .One of ou r jo i n t expedi t io n s sta n ds out ve ry p r o m i n e n tl y i n m y

m e m o ry . M r . B r oo m e of Fai l sw o r t h a n d I w e r e goi n g to Delame r eFo r est

,a n d Pea r so n w as to m eet us at t h e Ce n t ra l Stat io n , Ma n c h este r .

He was n o t o n t h e platfo r m , a n d , as w e co n c l uded t h a t bu si n es s hadp r e ve n ted h i m f rom co m i n g , w e w e n t o n to Dela m e r e w i t h o ut h im1nd exa m i n ed t h e m a r s h y places r ou n d Oakmere . Ou r bag was agood o n e a n d i n c luded so m e r a r e Cephalozize . O n o u r w ay backtow a rd s Delame r e statio n w e m et Pea r so n , w ho h ad see n the ta i l - endof ou r t ra i n a n d fo l low ed o n by t h e n ext . He was so pl eased w i t ho u r fi n ds t h at w e had to r et r ac e ou r s teps , so t h at h e cou ld del i g h th imsel f w i t h t h e s ig h t of suc h i n te r est i n g pla n ts i n t h e i r n atu rals i tuatio n s . Ou 1 seco n d v i s i t r epa id u s ; n ot on lv w as ou i wayl ende i ed

s h o r te r by Peai son s ge n i a l com1 adeship a n d pl ea sa n t discou1 se , hut

.t h e r pla n t s w h ic h w e

t :

h ad fa i l ed to obse1 ve w e r e discove1 ed by h im,

and w i t h h i s usual ge11e1osity poi n ted o ut a n d co mme n ted upo n .

1 cai son s fi r s t bota n i ca l i n t e r est was i n fe r n s a n d t h e i r c u l tu r e ;late r h e de ve loped a lo ve fo i al pi n e pla n ts , a n d a n a1 t ic le 0 11 B i it is lia l pi n e pla n ts in t h e Rucksac k C lu b Jomna l of 1907 I S 1 eminiscent o f

t h i s p h ase . In an a1 t ic le 0 11 D olgel le y (Lane C h es . Natni a l is t ,

D ec . 1922 a n d Ja n . quoted 1n the Ma rc h n umbe r o f t h i s Jo n i na l( p . h e explai n s how t h e desi r e to k n ow mo r e about t h e st i uc t n i esa n d l i fe st0 1 i es of pla n ts w as i n i tia ted by h i s fem col lec ti n g . Byt h i s

HENRY PE xnsoN 195

ti m e (1874 ) Pea r so n had m a r r ied a n d settl ed i n E ec les , w h e r eD r . Ca r r i n gto n h ad a m ed ica l p rac t ic e a n d al so co n ducted a bota n yc lass . Pea r so n atte n ded t h i s class a n d t h u s bega n a n i n t imate f r i e n ds h i p w i t h Ca r r i n gto n , w ho n o doubt w as the m ea n s of i n du c i n g h imto take up t h e H epaticce as h i s s pec ia l st udy . T h i s c h o i c e w as furt h e rs t imulated b y t h e e n co u ragi n g lette r s of Sp r uce , of w h om Pea r so na lways spoke i n te rms of g rat i tud e a n d ad m i r at io n . 111 1878 Car

r i n gto n a n d Pea r so n i ss ued t h e fi r s t pa r t of H epa t icae B r itan n ica?

E xs icca tae ; afte r Ca r r i n gto n’ s deat h t h e l a tte r co n ti n ued to i ssue

se ts,a n d m a n y h epat icologis ts h ave p r ofited by h i s w e l l - p r epa r e d

spec i m e n s . I n 1886 Ca r r i n gto n r ec e i ved a n umbe r of l i ve rw o r ts f r omN ew Sout h Wale s a n d Tasma n ia ; t h ese w e r e stud i ed toget h e r byh ima n d Pea r so n , a n d t h e r es u lts w e r e publ is h ed u n de r t h e i r j o i n t n a m esi n P r oc . L i n n . Soc . of N . S . Wales a n d P r oc . Roy. Soc . of Tasma n ia .

I n 1889 a j o i n t pape r o n “ A New Hepat i c was publ i s h ed i n t h i sJ ou r n a l . T h is va l uable col labo rati o n w as cu t s h o r t by Ca r r i n gto n

’

si l l h eal t h , but theii f1 ie n ds h i p co n t i n ued t i l l Can ington s deat h i n1893 , w h e n a n app r ec i at i ve ob itua r y n ot ic e of Ca r r i n gto n was co nt r i buted by Pea r so n to t h i s Jou r n a l ( p .

Pea r so n ’ s fir s t co n t r ibuti o n to t h i s Jou r n a l was a n a ccou n t of a newKil la r n ey l i ve rw o r t

,n amed B adu la Curr ingz

‘onii by Jack , T h i s w as

publ i s h ed i n May 1882 , a n d was fol low ed by m a n y ot h e r co n t r i butio n so n h epati c s a n d hepat icologist s z— ou Radwla germane t h eLejeuneae of L i n de n be r g

’ s He r ba r i u m S cap an ia asp en :

Cesia conf erm F rul lan ia microphy/l l a P lagioc leila

S tabl er i L eje zmea M ace icam'

t h e gen us H erbermi n w h ic h v o l u m e h e a l so publ i s h ed n otes 0 11 Rad n o r s h i r e

Hepat ics . His last co n t r i but io n to t h e Jou r n a l w i t h w h ose ed i to rhe was i n f r eq ue n t co m m u n i cat io n , w as i n August la st yea r 0 11 t heco l l ec t io n of West I n dia n Hepat ic s made by M iss A rmitage a goodexample of h i s c r i t i ca l w o r k . 111 t h e p r ec ed i n g Ju n e h i s accou n tof t h e H epa t icce of N ew Ca ledo n i a was publ i s h ed i n t h e Journa l of{he L innean S oc iefy; i n t h i s ma n y new spec i e s w e r e desc r ibed , a n dt h e pape r

,as w e r e ma n y ot h e r s , w as i l l u st rated bv d raw i n gs f r om

h i s pe n c i l .Ma n y ot h e r j ou r n a l s benefit ted bv Pea r so n ’ s k n ow l edge ; t he

accou n t of Hm'

pan flzus F l ofozz° °

0 71218 111 Scotla n d (T 1a n s Lot . Soc .

E dinb . x i i i . 443 1879 ) appea1 s to h ave bee n h i s fi r s t bota n i ca l .11 t ic le

t h e desc r i pt io n of a new I r i s h h epat ic ( Cepba/ozz'

a hibem ica ) w as

app r op r iately publ i s h ed m t h e Ii ish 1\ atu1al ist fo r 1894 ; n u n 1e1ouot h e 1 pape i s appea r ed i n the B 1yo l oq isz

‘. B e 1 ue B )

( 0 719216 3 11 0 10 Bul l e f i'n ,L ancashu e and () lzes lm e A nnu a l ix f , a n d

o ceedings of t h e Ma n c h este r L1terary a n d Pl 1ilo s0 phical Soc i ety .

He was a Co r r espo n d i n g Membe r of t h e L i n n ea n Soc i e t y of New Sout hWal es , of t h e Roya l Soc iety of

'

1‘as1nan ia, a n d of the C h r i s t ia n ia

V idenskabs Sel skabs , and so m e of h i s pa pe r s w e r e publ i s h ed i n t h e i r

jou 1 na ls . H is se r v i c es to sc i e n c e w e 1e r ecog n i sed bv h i s e lec tio n a sa n Assoc iate of t h e Li n n ea n Soc iet v i n 1907 . and bv t he :1 11 a1d of t h ehono1a1ydegi ee of M .So . by the U 1iive1 sit v of M inc hester . Peai son smo n ume n ta l w o r k , The H epat iew of the B) d ish Is l es . is t h e s ta n da rdw o r k of r efe r e n ce fo r B r i t is h h epat i co logi sts t h e h e r ba r i um0 11 w h ic h

196 TH E JOURNAL or BOTANY

t h i s was fou n ded was acqui r ed so m e yea r s s i n ce by t h e B r i t i s h Museum(Nat . H i st ) .

Pea r so n took a n acti ve pa r t in l oca l n atu ral i s t so c iet ies,f r eque n tly

ex h ib i ted spec i m e n s a n d m ou n ted p r epa ra ti o n s of h epatic s a t t h e i rm eeti n gs , a n d occas io n al ly lec tu r ed o n so m e aspect o f h i s spec ia l study .

A s a me m be r of t h e Ma n c h este r Museu m Commi ttee h e r e n de r edco n s ide r a ble se r v i c e i n m ak i n g t h e r efe r e n c e col l ec tio n o f H epa t ic

'ce

o n e of t h e bes t in t h e cou n t ry ; h i s Ca ta l ogue of H epa tz'

cae ( 1910 ) i so n e o f t h e MuseumHa n dbooks . Stude n ts o f t h e s t r uctu r e of h epa t ic sw e r e ass i sted by h i m i n t h e s upply of m ate r ia l fo r s tudy a n d i n ot h e rw ays , a n d t h e bo ta n i ca l l ite r a tu r e of t h e las t t h i r ty yea r s c o n ta i n sm a n y r efe r e n c es to h i s ge n e r ou s h e l p .

Pea r so n ’ s i n te r n a tio n a l r eputat io n i s i n d i cated by t h e n u m e rou sspec ies n a m ed i n h i s h o n ou r — a m o n g t h e m Jungermann ia (Spkenol obus ) P ea1

~son 1

°

a n d L epz'

dozia P earson i by Sp r uce , R iec ia a n d aB azzan ia by Step h a n i , a C h i n ese M ulotkeca by Massalongo, a n da M arsup e l l a by Sc h i ff n e r .Du r i n g r ec e n t yea r s o n e of Pea r so n ’ s g r eatest del i g h ts was to get

a c i r c l e of b ryo logists r ou n d h i m o n o n e of h i s h appy h u n ti n g- g r o u n dsa n d

, w h i l s t t h e f r ag ra n t w eed w as i n dul ged i n , d i scou r s e in h i s ge n ia lway0 11 h i s h obby . Ma n y b ryologi sts w i l l r eca l l t h e me m o ry of suc ha d iscou r se , du r i n g w h i c h Pea r so n , i n h i s c h a r m i n g a n d m odest way,del i g h ted h i s audie n c e w i t h a n accou n t of t h e d i sco ve ry o r c h a rac te rist ic o f so m e r a r e h epati c , o r w i t h a pl easa n t sto ry of so m e assoc iati o nw i t h a depa r ted n atu ra l i s t . He was espec ia l ly i n te r ested i n t h eva r iou s VVorking- m e n ’ s Soc i eties w h ic h took up n atu r a l h i sto ry , a n dw as a lw ays r eady to h el p t h e m by h i s sy m pat h y a n d adv i ce .

Pea r so n took a kee n i n te r es t i n t h e fo r m at io n of t h e B r i t i s hB ryo logica l Soc i ety , a n d a t i ts i n augu r a l m eeti n g at Dolgel l ey la st

yea r was e lec ted V i c e -P r es ide n t . I n t h e excu r s i o n s h e a lways jo i n ed,

but, w h e n t h e m o r e act i ve m e m be r s a sce n ded to t h e sum m i t of Cade r

Id r i s,h e h ad to co n te n t h i m se l f w i t h w o r k o n t h e l ow e r l pes ,

t h oug h o n e cou ld see t h e gl i n t of des i r e i n h i s eyes . Ea r l y i n t h ep r ese n t yea r h e h ad a se r iou s a ttac k of i n flue n za , but appea r ed to h av er ec ove r ed . At E aste r h e j o i n ed h is Ruck sack C lub f r i e n ds at Bedd

gelert . M r . D . A . Jo n es j o i n ed h i m t h e r e , a n d a n e n j oyable m osst r oopi n g exped i ti o n to a n a l ti tude of about 2000 ft. r esul ted i nfi n d i n g M arsupe l l a sphace lata a n d ot h e r r a r i t i es . O n h i s r etu r n ourm utua l f r i e n d , M r . B r oo m e of Fai l sw o r t h ( to w h o m I a m g reatlyi n debted fo r h el p i n t h e p r epa r at io n o f t h i s obi tua ry n oti c e ) , i n fo r m sme t h a t Pea r so n l ooked r ema r kably w el l , w as ful l of e n t h us ias m ove rh is B eddgele r t t r i p , a n d pla n n ed w i t h h i m a w eek - end i n De r bys h i r e .He al so a r ra n ged to ex h ib i t spec i m e n s of h epatic s at t h e Sp r i n gE x h ib i ti o n of t h e Ma n c h e ste r M ic r oscop ica l Soc . , of w h i c h h e was aV i c e -P r es ide n t, o n Ap r i l 28th . A b r ig h t day te m pted h i m to go tobus i n ess w i t h ou t a n o ve r coat ; a c h i l l w as t h e co n seque n c e a n dp n eu m o n i a devel oped ; Pea r so n foug h t agai n s t i t fo r se ve ra l days , butsuccumbed at h is r es ide n ce , Palati n e Road , Wit h i n gto n , o n Ap r i l 19 .

His deat h c a m e as a s h oc k to t h e m a n y co m rades w ho w e r e h o n ou r edw i t h h i s f r i e n ds h i p, c h ee r ed by h is ge n ial pe r so n al ity, a n d sti m ulated



Ab h or , Ma rc h 1883 , E . M . Hol m es . T h e spat h u late b ra n ch esta pe r i n g tow a rd s t h e base qu i te d i s ti n gu i s h i t f r o m t he spec ies .

Chg/10 11 11117111 Hook . va r . [1 11119 118 Ha r v .

p and a tzun G r e v . va r . occ il a l‘am J . Ag . a n d va r .

finzbr iah un Ha rm—IV . 1

'

a1110 3 11111 (= l 11cera ia 111 G r e v . ) f . e1°

l 1°

1f er11Batt . — N . l it te ra l umJ . Ag .

D e l ess er ia La m . va r . ova l if oh'

a J . Ag. A b r oadfo rm ; t h e o n ly o t h e r B r i ti s h loca l i ty i s t h e O r k n eys .

B oaa enza ison ia asparagoirles Ag . va r . feres Ha r v . T h e s tem oft h i s va r iety i s r o u n d w i th ve ry lo n g c i l ia , w h i l e t h e t y pica l fo rm has

a co m p r essed stem w i t h a lte r n a te ramu l i comi n g o ut o n e i t h e r s ide .T h e pla n t h as bee n a lso fo u n d i n Wick low a n d K i n gstow n Ha r bou r ,a n d i s ext r emely r a r e .

P teros iphoa ia parasitica Se h m .

D asg/ a oce l laz‘a Ha r v .

Ceramium ten aiss inzzun J . Ag . T h e spec i es does n ot appea r tobe l i sted by D r . V an Heurck , t h oug h h e r eco rds t h e va r i ety arach

110 1

°

1le 11m Ag.

-C’. 3 111 0 111111 Ha r v . var . zos l erw o la Le JO ] . 0 . dia

2171 1111 11 111 B ot h .

f lalaraclmz

'

on l iga la f am Kutz . va r . l at if o l iam Ha r v . T h i sb road fo rm i s r a r e , i t h as bee n gat h e r ed i n S . D e vo n

,Ki r kw al l

,a n d

t h e w est of I r e la n d .

A LDERNEY .

T h e m ost n otabl e co l l ec to r i n A lde r n ey w as t h e late M r . E . D .

Ma r qua n d , w h o se l i s ts a r e publ i s h ed i n T ra n s . Gruo r n . Soc . Nat . Sc i .190 1 , 1902 , 1904 , 1908 . D r . Van Heurck q uote s a l l t h e k n ow nseaw eed h ab itats fo r A l de r n e y i n h i s P r od r o m e . Batte r s , i n h i sCatalogue , publ i s h ed a s a Suppl e m e n t to t h i s Jou r n a l i n 1902 ,i n c l uded ma n y loca l it i es fo r t h e i sla n d .

T h e fo l low i n g h ave n o t bee n p r ev i ou s ly n otedfl l onosfroma G r ee il l ei VVit tr.

E n teromorp lza. c lafiw'

ata J . Ag. va r . 121111 1111111 Batt .— E . com

p ressa G r e v . va r . consz‘i'icta J . Ag.

—E . in tes t ina l is L i n k . va r .

jl 11yeHg°

f0 r 1111°

3 (LeUl oz‘lw 'ia'

spec iosa Kutz .C l miomm'

pka 1111 11 111 Kutz .Gl ade/9110 17 1 H ufc/zinsimHa r v . va r . dis/11as Kutz . ; va r . (Uvar i

ca fa Ha r v .

— C. 11171 0 1110 3 11 K iitz . va r . he te vireas ar cta

Kutz . va r . radians Batt . ; va r . vaucber iwf ow nis Ha rm— 0 . Zanosa

K iitz.

D esnw res l 1111 11713 Lamou r .P ane/111 1511 ienu iss inm G r e v .P hy/ l l i/is f ascia K iitz.

E c l ocaa'pas ce l a t iaus Kiitz.

- E . Ag. va r . re/rac l aBatt .

Spbace lam'

a 0 11 11710 3 11 Hauck va r . Hauck .

Cl1.1°

l i0 11e 111a 77311111113 Sauv .

M il o/“

111 0 11 1 whiz/ odes J . A

Ag.

ADD ITION S '

170 M ARINE FLORA or CHANNEL I S LAND S 199

.Mesoyloz'

a lanosa Crn .

Carp omz'

tra cos ta ta Batt .L aminar ia 67 0 113 10 711 E dmondst .

C han tran sia ccesp z'

tosa L .

G e l idizun cr ina l e J . Ag .

Ca l ly/men ia rear/01111113 J . Ag. va r . undul a ta J . Ag ; va r . cuneataJ . Ag. ; va r . F errar z

°

J . Ag .

C’a l l ibl ephar is lan ceol a ta Batt . va r . divar icata Hol m . 85 Batt .Ohyl oc l adia ka lgf ormis Hook . va r . squarr osa Ha r vN ié op lzyl lum l ifteratum J . AB hodome l a sub/113 0 11 Ag .

Spermotkamn ion Turner s°

Aresch . va r . monoica Se h m .

ion cr ispy/111 T h u r .P l atoma marginy

‘era J . Ag . T h i s pla n t i s v e ry ra r e . Whit sand

Baya n d Padstow a r e t h e o n ly ot h e r B r i t i s h local i ti es . T h e fo l low i n gdesc r ipt io n i s t ra n s lated f r om Bo r n et et Thuret ’

s .No l es A lyo l of/igues ,i . p . 49

,pl . x v i .

“ A la r ge a n d beau t ifu l s pec i es gat h e r ed at B ia r r i tz- G u et h a ry,

J u n e— Jul v, a deep -w ate r pla n t fo u n d a l so i n c r e v i c es of r oc ks a n d on

s to n es,i t a sc e n d s e ve n to t ide leve l if t h e r e i s n o co m plete des ic

cat io n . Tuft s of 10— 12 pla n ts r esembl i n g i n fo r m , s i ze a n d d i v i s i o ndeep w ate r spec i m e n s of Rhody/men ia p a lma l

‘a, co lo u r a soft w i n e - r ed ,

gelat i n ou s to t h e t ouc h l ik e H a lf/7728 71 111 . T h e base of the pla n t h a sa s h o r t r o u n d sta lk attached to t he r oc k by a n o r b ic u la r d i sc ( épateme n t ) r egula r ly a n d d ic h oto m ous ly d i v ided , typica l ly palmat ifid .

Tet ra spo r es a r e u n k n ow n . A n t h e r id ia co n s i st of w h i t i s h c el l s s i tuatedo n t h e ext r e m i ti es of the co r t i ca l fi lame n ts . Cystoca r ps a r e ve r ys m al l a n d h a rdly v i s i bl e to t h e n aked eye

,i m m e r sed i n t h e co r ti ca l

t i s s ue,t h e spo r e s escap i n g by a n a r r ow ca n a l betw ee n t h e pe r ip h e ra l

fi la m e n ts . ”

S chmitzie l la endop bhr a Bo r n . Batt .Litkophyl lumpustulatumFo sl .

G UERN SEY .

Lady (Cat h e r i n e Rabey) Ma n sel l ( 178 1 w i fe o f B ea rAdmi ra l S i r T h o m as Ma n sel l , It .N .

, w as t h e s i ste r of M r . F .

C . Lukis , the G ue r n sey archw o logist , w hese h ou se a t St . Pete r Po r tw i t h i ts la r ge a n d i n te r est i n g co l l ec t io n h a s bee n co n v e r ted i n to am useum. S h e a l so stud i ed co n c h o logy , a n d col l ec ted fo r t h e m ostpa r t at Le C r oc q a n d a l so alo n g l ’ e r el l e a n d Va zo n Bays . Her

col l ec tio n,al r eady m e n ti o n ed , i s i n beauti ful p r ese r va t io n a n d co n ta i n s

107 Spec i es a n d va r i etie s , o n e of w h ic h , 0 0 10 111111 111 71e11'

11a f11111, has n o t.

been p r ev iou sly r ec o rded fo r G u e r n se y . T h e r e i s al so a spec i m e n of0 11 0 11151 711. 1: 10 1

'

11l e3 0e113— a pla n t w h i c h I had c o l l ec ted i n 1914 a n dl is ted i n 1920 as new to the i s la n d .

A l i s t of the k n ow n Ma r i n e Algzr of G ue r n s e y w as publ i s h ed hvme i n 1920 as a Suppl eme n t to t h i s J ou r n a l ; o n a v i s it i n O c t —Dec .

192 1 , I aga i n d id so m e co l l ec t i n g . l was di sappoi n ted i n n ot lin di n gdicho/oma ,

o n e of the pla n ts r eco rded as n ew to B r i ta i n .0 110 11111 711. a eral escew ,

o r Chan /171113 10 Lorra in po s sib l v

200 THE JOURNAL o r BO'

I‘ANY

t h e la te n ess of t h e seaso n accou n ted fo r t h e i r abse n c e . P o ly/siphon ia

obscum w as l i s ted by M r . Ma r qua n d as new to B r i ta i n ; i n 1914 Ifou n d i t i n a d iff e r e n t loca l it y , a n d 192 1 i n st i l l a t h i r d h ab ita t .C l enos iphon ia [15111 110 1116 3 w as fou n d aga i n i n 1921 at Mou l i n Huet ,a n o t h e r local ity w i t h s imi l a r co n d it io n s to t h ose of t h e fo r m e rga t h e r i n g— in c h i n k s of rock h o ldi n g sa n d a n d pa r tic l es of s h e l l s sofo r m i n g a n id us fo r ot h e r spore l ings .

T h e fo l low i n g a r e new to G ue r n s eyC'e1

'

a 1111

'

11111 p ennaz‘umCrn . , fou n d by Lady Ma n sel l i n 1840— t h e

on l v r eco r d fo r t h e C h a n n e l I s la n ds .Ceramium graczl l inmm Ha r v . gat h e r ed at P l e i n m o n t . I t i s a n

ex ceedi n gly de l i cate a n d fragi le pla n t a n d m ost dilficul t to “ lay out ,”

a s t h e fi n e b r a n c h es become eas i ly e n ta n gl ed . I t i s of ra r e occ u r r e n c ea lo n g t h e sout h e r n coast of E n gla n d as as fa r n o r t h a s C r ome r , alsoa t K i l kee i n I r e la n d .

G racz’

l ar z'

a coafer voifles G r e v . va r . p rocerrinm Batt . gr ow s s ideby s ide w i t h t h e spec ies , f ro m w h i c h i t i s q u i te d i s ti n c t , be i n gc h ara c te r i zed by v e ry l o n g w a vy b ra n c h e s w i t h s h o r t subulate ra m ul i .T h i s va r iety i s new to t h e C h a n n e l I s la n ds .

0 . B oeryesenz’

i Pete r se n , i s a n ot h e r add it io n to t h e C h a n n e lI sl a n ds . I t w as l i s ted fo r t h e fir st t ime as a m embe r of t h e B r i t ishB

'

Iarine Flo r a by A . I) . Cotto n i n h i s C la r e I sla n d S u r vey ( i n P r oc .

R . I r i s h Acad . x xx i . pa r t 15,

w ho po i n ts o ut t h a t i t h adp r obab ly bee n o ve r l ooked o r co n fused w i t h C . c ir cz

’

natum ; t h e la tte rh a s desc e n d i n g co r t i ca l fi lame n ts o n ly , w h i l e i n C . B omyesem

’

i t h eya r e bot h asc e n d i n g a n d de sc e n d i n g . I t h as bee n so fa r r ec o rded f ro mt h e Fa roes

,I cela n d a n d C la r e I sla n d .

A n tithanmione l l a sarn ie 'ns is m i h i , fou n d i n s e ve ra l loca l i ti es .See Jo u r n . Bot . l x . 316—50 , fi gs . 1—6 ( 1922

SHORT NOTES .

GALBULIM IMA on HIMANTAND RA . As i n d i ca ted i n Jou r n . Be t .

1922 , 13 7 , H ivnanz‘andra i s a sy n o n y m of G a lbul imima ( l n ternat .

Jiules , A r t . He n c e t h e t wo new spec ies f r om N ew G u i n eadesc r i bed u n de r H iman z‘andra by Mess r s . E . G . Bake r a n d C . No rman (Jou r n . Bot , May 1923 , Suppl . p . 2 ) s h ou ld be k n ow n a s C ALE UL in n iA NI

’

H DA a n d G . PARvIFOLIA r espec t i ve ly . T h e fac t t h a t t h efami l y w as n amed H z

'

nmn taml racece by D ie l s i s i m m ate r ia l so fa r a st h e n ame o f t h e ge n u s i s c o n c e r n ed ; n a m es of fa m i l i es are fo r m edf r o m t h e n ames (o r sy n o n y m s) of t h e i r type -ge n e ra , n o t vice versa .

T . A . Sr nAuUE .

KO E TJ APE AND SENTOL (p .— I n ote M r . Me r r i l l ’ s defe n c e

o f h i s pos i t io n w i t h r espec t to t h ese two w o r ds . T h e r e i s obv ious lyso m e co n fus io n i n t h e m i n ds of m ode r n Ja va n ese o n t h e subject . In

t h e Ma lay pe n i n s u la Kec h ap i ( n o t Kuchapi, e . Koetjape of t h eD utc h ) i s o n ly appl i ed to t h e h a lf - w il d sou r - f r u i ted t r ee , b

’

ana’or icw n

”1 11111111 111 Ki n g , a n d Se n to l to t h e sw ee t- f r u ited c u l t i vated pla n t, S .

[ adieu/n a n d t h e Ma lays a n d B l u m e probabl v a r e co r r ec t i n sepa ra t i n g


'

202 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY

of t h e i r occu r r e n c e . I t i s of exceptio n a l va l u e owmg to the qual ificat io n s of t h e aut h o r a n d t h e fac t t h at ve ry few w o r k s h a ve a s yet bee nw r i tte n upo n t h e s ubjec t —it i s a r ef r e s h i n g expe r ie n ce to be able toquote w i t h app r o va l a n d e n do r se m e n t a pub l i s h e r ’ s puff. ”

T h e cul t i va t io n of tea w i t h i n t h e B r i ti s h E m pi r e bega n about t h eyea r 1836, a n d t h e r e a r e now m o r e t h a n a m i l l i o n ac r es i n I n d ia a n dC ey lo n de voted to i t . T h e tea - bus h i s a ve ry h a rdy pla n t , a n d h it h ertoh as n ot suffe r ed exc epti o n a lly f r o m a n y d isease i n t h e p r ese n t w o r kso m e s i xty d i seases a r e e n u m e rated . T h e fi r st tw e n ty - o n e pages a r ede voted to a n el e m e n ta ry accou n t of t h e clas s ificatio n of fu n gi . This,w h ic h is to be r ega r ded as a “ ru n n i n g glossa ry ” i s exc ept io n a l lyc l ea r ly w r i tte n a n d appea r s adequately to fulfi l i ts pu r pose . ( I n c ide n tal ly i t m ay be m e n t io n ed t h at t h e de r i va t io n of zE cidium, w h i c his que r i ed, is giv e n by Jo h n H i l l , t h e aut h o r i ty fo r t h e n a m e , asfo l low s We h a ve ca l led t h i s ge n u s , d i sti n gu i s h ed by i ts pec u l ia rc el l s

,E c icl ium, f r o m t h e G r eek 0 1kicl i0 11 , T h e r e m a i n i n g

c h apte r s dea l w i t h l eaf di seases leaf a n d ste m d isea ses ste m di sease sr oot d i seases ; w ou n d cove r s , sp rays , a n d sp raye r s ; m ycologica l n otesa n d fu n gi o n t h e tea - bus h . T h e c h apte r s o n t h e l eaf

,s te m ,

a n d r oo td i sea ses r especti vely begi n w i t h ac cou n ts of how t h e bus h i s aff ectedby i n te r fe r e n ce w i t h t h e p h ys io logica l ac t i v i t i e s of t h ese o r ga n s ;t h ese a r e obv iou sly wr i tt e n w i t h t h e obj ec t of i n te r est i n g p r ac t icalm e n . T h e c h apte r de voted to leaf d i seases co n tai n s m ost desc r i pt io n s

( t h ou g h t h at o n r oot d i sea ses occ up i es m o r e spac e ) :“ T h e tea

p la n te r i s pe r h aps m o r e al e r t to n ot ic e t h e oc cu r r e n c e of l eaf d i sea sest h a n i s t h e g r ow e r of ot h e r pla n ts , fo r t h e v e ry ob viou s r ea so n t h att h e tea - bus h i s c u l ti vated fo r t h e sake of i ts l eaf . T h e leaf i s t h ea p p. Hence a l eaf d i sease of tea n ot o n ly affec ts t h e c r op at so m efutu r e date by i ts i n d i r ec t e ffect o n t h e bus h

,but

, if i t attack s t h eyou n g l eaf, immediately a n d d i r ectly r educes t h e a m ou n t of leafw h ic h ca n be uti l i sed fo r t h e m a n ufactu r e of tea . C h lo r os i s , doubl elea ves , a n d dw a r f l eaves a r e m e n t io n ed u n de r l eaf d i sea s es , a n d abuo rmal it ies suc h a s fasc iat io n , ga l l s , bu r r s , a n d ab n o r m a l ca l lus out

g row t h s u n de r s te m d iseas es .I n desc r ibi n g t h e s eve ra l d i seases , t h e appea r a n c e of t h e affec ted

pa r t a n d the m ic r o scop ic deta i l s of t h e fu n gus a r e gi ve n . P r ac t i ca lm et h ods of dea l i n g wit h t h e d i sea ses a r e t r eated i n fu l l t h i s i s pe r h apsbest see n in t h e c h apte r o n r oot di seases , w h i c h i s fu l l of w i se saw sa n d m ode r n i n sta n c es . T h e c h apte r o n sp rays i s p rac t ica l : “ T h ep r epa r at io n of t h ese sp r ay flu ids i s n o doubt a t ro ubl eso m e p r ocess

,

but i t i s w i t h i n t h e capac i ty of t h e ave rage d i spe n se r . Atte m ptsh ave bee n m ade to a vo id al l t h e t r ouble by m a n ufactu r i n g a pa stew h i c h 11as m e r ely to be m i x ed w i t h w ate r befo r e u s i n g

,a n d t h ese

h a ve bee n successful , a s fa r as tempe ra te cou n t r i es a r e co n c e r n ed .

But t h ese pastes i n va r iably deco m pose u n de r t r opi ca l co n d i t io n s , a n dup to t h e p r ese n t n o m et h od of o ve rco m i n g t h a t appea r s to h a vebee n d i sc ove r ed .

” I t i s p r oba bly to t h e t wo fi n al chapte r s t h at t h em ycologi s t w i l l fi r s t tu r n t h a t e n ti tl ed Mycol ogi ca l Note s i s aco mme n ta r y o n m a tte r s of s y stemati c i n te r es t

,w h e r eas t h a t o n

Fu n gi o n t h e Tea -bu s h co n s i sts of c lass ified desc r i ptio n s of fu n gusparas i te s . T h r o ug h out t h e book are n um e rous po i n ts of m yco logica l

FUNGU S D I SEASE S 203

i n te r es t , pa r ticul a r ly i n t h e ca s e of Cepha leuros , T h r ead B l i g h ts , a n dt h e c h a rac te r i st ic s of d i seased r oots w h e n attac ked by d i ffe r e n t fu n gi .T h e i l lust r atio n s a r e ve ry good a n d t h e co lou r ed plates of l eaf

d i s eases , s tem a n d r oot d i seases , a n d r oot d iseases , r especti ve ly , a r eexce l l e n t i n e ve ry way, e xcept t h at so m e of t h e g r ee n s do n ot co m eo ut w el l . An exte n s i ve b ibl iog r ap h y a n d a fu l l i n dex co m pl ete aWo r k w h i c h w i l l be i n va luabl e n ot o n ly to pla n te r s bu t al so to t h osem y colog ists who a r e co n c e r n ed w i t h t r op ica l p h ytopat h ology .

(2 ) T h e“Repo r t o n t h e Oc c u r r e n c e of Fu n gus , bac te r ia l a n d al l i ed

D i seases on C r ops i n E n gla n d a n d Wales fo r t h e Yea r s 1920—21

is a sum m a ry of t h e o r i gi n a l pat h ologica l r etu r n s r ece i ved by t h eM i n i s t ry . Ow i n g to t h e so m ew h at p e r pl ex i n g mo ve of t h e P la n tD isease B 1a n c h of t h e M inist iy f r o m Kew to Haipenden , t h e Repo1 tf0 1 1920 was so delayed t h at i t was fou n d adv i sabl e to i s sue i tt oget h e r w i t h t h at of t h e fo l low i n g yea1 . F 0 1 tunately t h e r e was ave ry g r eat d i ss i m i la r i ty betw ee n t h e tw o seaso n s , t h e summ e r of1920 be i n g u n u sual ly co ld a n d w et , w l1e1 eas t h at of 1921 “ a s except ional ly l o n g a n d w a r m ; a n d t h i s d i ffe r e n c e is r eflec ted i n t h e i n c ide n ee of cei tain d i seases . Suc h a n n ual sui veys of t h e occu1 1ence ofpla n t d is ease h a ve bee n fo u n d usefu l i n m a n y cou n t1 ies , a n d h ave a naddit io n a l use in compaiat iv e intei nat ional p h ytopat h o logy . I n t h ep r ese n t w o1k t h e d i seases a r e l i sted u n de r t h e ge n e ra l h ead i n gsCe r ea l s , Potatoes , Roots , Pul se , Fo rage C r ops , V egetable s , F r u i t , a n dMiscel la n eous . A popula r n a m e is gi ve n fo r t h e d i s ease toget h e rw i t h its sc ie n t ific n a m e : t h e po i n ts of i ts spec ia l occ u r r e n c e i n t h elast t wo yea r s a r e n oted , w i t h r ec e n t r e le va n t r e s u l ts obta i n ed i n t h ei n vestigat io n of t h e d i sease e i t h e r i n t h i s co u n t ry o r i n ot h e r B r i t i s hspeak i n g cou n t r i es— r efe r e n c es to c o n ti n e n ta l w o r k are ve ry i n f r eque n t .A fu r t h e r u sefu l po i n t i s t h at i n fo rmatio n i s gi ve n w h e n i t i s k n ow nt h at a d i sea se i s u n de r i n vestigatio n i n t h i s c ou n t ry . T h e s u r vey wi l lbe e xt r e m e ly usefu l to phytOpathologists . Natu ral ly i t suff e r s

,a s

m ust a l l s uc h l i sts,i n t h a t t h e data a r e suppl i ed by people w i t h d i f

ferent i n te r ests,Opportu n i t ies , a n d effic ie n c i es i n co n n ec ti o n w i t h t h i s

n o aut h o r i ty i s g i ve n fo r t h e n a m i n g of t h e fu n g i co n ce r n ed . I n t h eca se of t h e m o r e i m po r ta n t d i seas es t h i s i s of l itt le impo r ta n c e , as w em ay assum e t h at t h e fu n g i a r e w el l k n ow n ; but fo r r a r e r spec i es i tw ou ld h ave bee n w el l to i n d icate t h e pe r so n s r espo n s i bl e fo r t h eide n t ificatio n s . I n a pocket i n t h e cove r a r e two w eat h e r c h a r tsw h i c h a r e u sefu l i n s tudy i n g t h e r e la t io n of w ea t h e r co n d it io n s to t h er epo r ted i n c ide n c e of d i sease s du r in g t h e tw o yea r s .A fo r ew o r d g i ves t h e i n fo r m ati o n t h at t h e r epo r t h a s bee n p r e

pa r ed by M r. A . D . Cotto n,lately M y cologi s t to t h e M i n i st r y ; a n d

adds I t i s a matte1 of r eg r et t h a t his co n n ex io n w i t h the Pat h ologi ca l laborat 0 1y h as now bee n seve r ed bv h i s a cc epta n c e of t h e pos to f Keepe1 of the He1barium a t t h e Royal Bota n i c (ml du is

,Kc“

J . 1 .

2M THE JOURNAL or B OTANY

D 1E V EGETAT ION DER ERDE .

The r egez‘a t ion of N ew Zea l and . By L . COCKAYNE ,etc . Wit h 2 m aps , 65 plates , a n d 13 figu r es in

t h e tex t . Pp. x x 11,301 .

(2 ) XV . D ie Pflmzzenwe l t der bo l ivz‘

scken Auden und fl zr es os fl ic lzen

T'

or landes . Von P r of . D r . TH . HERZOG . Mit 25 figuren iii1

text u n d 2 ka r te n . Pp. v i i i , 2 235 .

WE h a ve r ece i ved f ro m W. E n ge l m a n n of Le i pzi g t h e tw o m os tr ece n t i n s talme n ts of t h e i m po r ta n t se r i e s o f qua r to vol u m es

,

ad m i rabl y p roduced , w h ic h h e i s publ i s h i n g u n de r t h e ge n e ra l t i t l ei n d icate d abo ve .

( 1 ) I n h i s ac c ou n t o f Til e Vege tation of N ew Zealand, D r .Cockay n e sums up n o t o n ly h is ow n obse r vat io n s of t h i r ty yea r s

,

but,as h i s e xc e l l e n t a n d ex h aust i ve b ibl iog rap h y s h ow s , t h e n u m e r o us

c o n t r i bu t io n s of r ec e n t w o r ke r s,a m o n g w h o m T h omas K i r k

,Wil l iam

Col e n so , a n d T . F . C h ee sema n h ol d a p r o m i n e n t plac e . T h i s i s ’

prec eded by a n ad m i r ab le s umm a ry of t h e h i sto r y of t h e bo ta n i ca li n vestigatio n of New Zea la n d

,beg i n n i n g w i t h t h e la n d i n g of Ba n k s

and So la n de r i n 1769 a n d ex te n d i n g to t h e e n d of 1913 , at w h i c hpe r iod t h e ac tual w r i ti n g of t h e book was begu n .T h e w o r k i s d i v ided i n to four pa rt s , w h i c h deal r espec ti v ely w i t h

( i. ) t h e p h ys i ca l geograp h y a n d c l i m ate , ( i i . ) t h e vegetat io n of p r imit i ve New Zeala n d , ( i i i . ) t h e flo ra and i ts d i st r i but io n

,a n d ( i v . ) i ts

h i s to ry f r o m t h e J u r ass i c pe r i od to the p rese n t t i m e . T h ese a r ed i v ided a n d s ubd i v ided i n to sec t i o n s a n d c h apte r s t h u s u n de r i i . t h e r ea r e sec tio n s o n t h e v egetat io n of t h e sea coast, t h e l ow la n ds a n d low e rh i l l s

,t h e h i g h m o u n ta i n s a n d t h e outly i n g i s la n d s , w i t h o n e o n t h e

e ffec t of se ttl eme n t upo n t h e pl a n t - co ve r i n g of N ew Zeala n d to t h i sl ast

,M r . G . M . T h omso n ’ s volum e o n The N aiura l z

'

sa tz’

on of Am'

uml smul P l an ts , r e v iew ed at so m e l e n gt h i n t h i s Jou r n a l las t yea r (p . 301 )but publ i s h ed too late fo r r efe r e n c e i n D r . Cockay n e ’ s book

,w h ic h

w as publ i s h ed i n 192 1, fo r m s a n impo r ta n t s uppl e m e n t . The c h apte r su n de r Sec tio n s i. —iv . o n t h e l ead i n g p h ys i og n o m i c pla n ts a n d t h e i rg r ow t h - fo r m s a r e of espec ia l i n te r est ; ot h e r c h apte r s u n de r eachsec tio n t r eat of t h e h i s to ry o f t h e pla n ts a n d of pla n t -fo r m at io n s .T h e l imi ted space at ou r d i sposa l co m pe l s u s to co n te n t ou r sel ve s

w i t h t h i s i n d ica t io n of the a r r a n ge m e n t a n d scope of the w o r k ; w em ust n o t

,h ow e ve r , o m i t to m e n t io n t h e exc el l e n t i n de x— w e n o te w i t h

pl ea su r e t h at t h e r e i s o n ly o n e ! a n d t h e u seful m aps a n d plates byw h ic h t h e vol ume i s i l lus t r ated .

(2) D r . He rzog h as m ade two t r i ps of bota n i ca l explo ra t io n to theBol i v ia n A n de s , i n 190 7—8 and 1911—12 , du r i n g w h ic h h e madeex te n s i ve col lec ti o n s . T h e volume deal i n g w i th the pl a n t-geog ra p h yo f t h i s d i s t r ic t t h e r efo r e e m bod ies t h e r e sul ts of h i s ow n i n vestigati o n s

. The i n t roduc t io n co n ta i n s a s h o r t sk etc h of t h e h i sto r y o f

p r e v iou s bota n i cal explo rat io n a n d a deta i l ed ac cou n t of D r . He r zog ’ sr o u tes ; a l so a bibl i og rap h y a n d a l i s t of t h e la r ge n u m be r of spec ia l i stsw ho h a ve w o r ked out i ) r. He r zog

’ s seco n d co l l ec tio n , t h e r esul ts ofw h i c h h ave bee n publ i s h ed i n the M eded . va n ’ s Rijk s He r ba r i um,

Le ide n . A b r i ef desc r i pt io n of the p h ys ica l geog rap h y of Bo l i v ia


206 TH E JO URNAL o r BOTANY

dow n to a doze n pages of j e ju n e m atte r — ca n imbec i l i ty be cari ied

fu r t h e r ? ” Si r He n ry cont 1ast s t h i s n iggai dly t r eatme n t w i t h t hen“ g 1 eat ma n y t h o usa n ds spe n t upo n a new fas h io n ed Museum, n o tm ea n t to il lust 1atc t h e 0 1 ig i n a n d p1og1 ess of h u m a n a1 t . but fo r

pe1petuat ing t h e c r ue l 1ne1n o 1 ies of a sa vage wa1 a n d to p1" ~ese1 ve

spec ime n s of epheme1 al i n ve n t i o n s , t h u s co n s ti tut i n g “ a d1a i nu po n t he 1 esou1ces a lo n e a va i l able fo1 t h e m a i n te n a n c e o f t h e o lde rm use ums . ”

THE fo u r t h part of vo l . v i i i . of t h e Tran sa ct ions of the B ritish

fl lycol oyica l S oc iez‘

y ( i ss ued May 22 ) co n ta i n s pape r s o n“ Pa r as i tes

of Sca le - i n sect Fu n g i ” a n d “ T h e G e n us C l aderos t igma”( i n w h i c h i s

i n c l uded t h e de sc r i pti o n of a new ge n us , Tr ickesterigma ) b y M r . T .

Petc h ; Miss Wakefi e ld a n d M r . A . A . Pea r so n g i ve “ Add it i o n a lReco r ds of Su r r ey Resupi n ate Hy m e n o m ycetes ,

” i n c l ud i n g tw o new

Spec i es of Tn l asne l l a ; Si r H . C . Haw ley co n t r i butes “ Note s o nso m e B r i t i s h Py r e n o m ycetes D r . Jess ie Bay l is s E l l iott a n d M issO . P . Stan sfield gi ve “ Reco r ds of Fu n g i Impe r fect i , i n w h i c hn ume r o u s new spec i es a r e figu r ed a n d desc r i bed M iss I r e n e Mou n c ew r i tes o n “ F r u i t- bod ies of Cop r inus comatns i n Labo r ato ry Cul tu r es

”

Miss G . C . G i l c h r i st desc r ibes t h e “ Ba r k Ca n k e r D i sease of Appl eT r ees caused by Zlfyxosp or inm cor ticol ium”

(3 plates ) ; M r . R . C .

M cLean desc r i bes a new spec i es of S igmoirleonzg/ces (S . divar i

catns ; 1 plate ) ; a n d M iss Lorr a i n S m i t h r e v i ew s r ece n t w o r ks onL i c h e n s .

THE K ew Bu l l e tin ( n o . 4) co n tai n s a r ev i s i o n b y J . Bu r tt Da vya n d J . Hutc h i n so n of t h e equato r ia l Af r i ca n ge n u s B ra clzg/s tegia , ofw h ic h tifty fou 1 spec ies a1e enume1at ed , se ve n tee n of t h e m new ;

spec ia l atte n t io n i s pa id to t h e eco n o m ic value of t h e ge n u s as ar esu l t of MI. D a vy 5 v i s i ts to R h odes ia a n d t h e Be lgia n Co n go i n1919 . M 1 . L . A . M . R i l ey co n t i n ues his “ Co n t r ibut io n s to t h eF lo r a of S i n a loa

,i n w h i c h new spec i es o f B nrsera a n d Rhamnus a r e

desc r ibed ; a n d t h e r e i s a n i n te r est i n g n ote o n t h e o r ig i n a l d raw i n gsfo r t h e B otan ica l M agazine , w h i c h a r e to a la r ge exte n t p r ese r vedi n t h e Kew co l l ec t io n of d r aw i n gs , a n d h a ve late ly bee n inc 1eased bya n umbe i belo n gi n g to t h e pe r iod 1830—34 . No . 5 co n ta i n s a desc ript i o n a n d flgu1 e of S l i epto l op lcns , a new ge n us of g l asses f1om A n go laa l l i ed to Cenc lu as, by D . K . Hug h es , a n d a co n t i n uatio n of “ Diag n osesAf1 1canae.

’

AT the A n n i ve r sa ry Meeti n g of t h e L i n n ea n Soc ie ty onMay 24,

D r Re n d le w as el ec ted P r es ide n t a n d M r . Jo h n Ra m sbotto m Sec r eta1y.

T h e L i n n ea n G o ld Medal , w h i c h h ad bee n awal ded to M r . T .

F Cheeseman , Cu1at 0 1 of t h e Auck la n d Museu m , f0 1 h i s labou1 s i nNew Zeala n d bi ol og y e spec ia l ly in Bota n y , w ho beca m e a Fel low oft h e Soc iety i n 1873 ,

w as p1esented to S i 1 Ja m es Al l e n , H i g h Comm i ss io n e r fo 1 New Zeala n d , w ho s u itably ack n ow l edged t h e aw a r da n d u n dertook to t 1ansmit t h e Medal to M 1 . (

‘heesemzur

T HE Repo r t fo r 1922 of t h e Bota n i ca l Soc i e ty a n d Exc h a n geCl ub of t h e l rit ish Is les , ed ited bv t h e Sec r eta ry , D r . C . C . D r uc e

,

-BOOK NEW S , ETC . 20 7

does not r eac h us for, n ot i c e , but in t h e i n te r ests Of B r i ti s h bota n y i ts ee m s desir abl e to ca l l atte n t io n to t h e m o r e i n te r esti n g of i ts co n te n ts .T h es e i n c lude a pape r on Cen taurea S cabiosa L .

,va r i e ti es a n d a

h yb r id,

” by C . G . B ritto n ;“ So m e new E n gl i s h spec i es of Tar axa

cum by H . Da h l stedt ; a n accou n t of t h e h e r ba r i a of U l i s se A ldrova n d i (1522— 1605 ) a n d G h e r a r do C ibo (15 12— 1600 ) co m pi led by t h eed i to r ; “ Va r iat io n s i n V egetat io n ,

” by D o n a ld Patto n ; a n d a n otew h e r e i n P r ofesso r A l m qu i s t s ummo n s “ al l f r i e n ds of t h e flo r a toobse r ve t h e w i ld al logams i n Natu r e ,

”w h i c h co n c l udes w i t h a r efe r e n c e

to h i s pape r “ i n a n o t h e r place — t h e r efe r e n ce to t h i s Jou r n a l fo r1922 (292— 296) m ig h t h a ve bee n added . T h e r e a r e n u m e r ou s n ote so n pla n ts a n d publ i catio n s , a n d obi tua r ies of bota n i sts a n d ot h e r s ,m ostly by t h e ed ito r , w h i ch co n ta i n m uc h au tob i og rap h i ca l i n fo rmat io n — as , i n deed , does the r est of t h e Repo r t . T h e Repo r t of t h eE xcha n ge C l ub , i ss ued sepa rate ly , i s ed i ted by M r . Leste r - Garla n d .

PROF . K . FR . V . TUB E UF h as publ i sh ed i n a h a n dso m e vo l u m e aM onograp hie die M iste l (Mu n i c h

, O lde n bou r g) , i n w h i c h t h e histo r1of Viscum a l bum i s fu l ly t1 eated f r o m eve ry po i n t o f v i ew . The

fi1 st 350 pages a r e co n c e r n ed w i t h prehistmic fi n ds,w i t h t h e fo lk l o r e

a n d popul a r n a m es of t h e M i stletoe a n d w i t h its d i st r i but io n i nE u r ope ; t h ese a r e fo l low ed by a di scuss io n a t equa l l e n gt h of i tsm o r p h o logy , a n ato m y , p h ys iol ogy , b io logy , a n d pat h o logy, co n c l ud i n gw i t h c h apte r s o n t h e va r i et i es a n d rac es

,cul tu r e , a n d k i n d r ed s ubj ec ts .

T h e vo l u m e , w h i ch i s lav i s h ly i l lust r ated w i t h plates,m aps , a n d

figu r es in t h e text, i s beaut iful ly p r i n ted a n d in eve ry w ay attr aetive .

THE Journa l of the M inistry of Agr icu l ture fo r May co n ta i n sa n accou n t by M r . G . H . Garrad of t h e e n deavou r s

,to some exte n t

s uccessfu l , w h i c h h a ve bee n m ade to co n t r o l t h e s p r ead Of L ap i

el lum D raba ,w h i c h “ has do n e a n e n o r m ous a m ou n t of damage

in T h a n et a n d No r t h Ke n t du r i n g t h e la st few yea r s , a n d i s gradua l lysp r ead i n g f r o m East Ke n t a n d Eas t E ssex w estw a rds . ” T h e pla n t ,M r . Garrad te l l s us , “ i s k n ow n i n E ss ex a n d Ke n t u n de r t h e n a m esof Whit W Peppe rw o r t , Wh ite

'

VVeed,

'

C h a l k Weed , T h a n et Wccd,Dev i l ’ s Cabbage , Hoa ry Peppe rw o r t , o r Hoa ry C r ess .

”

PART 58 of M r . Maide n ’ s Cr itica l Rev ision of E uca lyp tus co ntai n s figur es a n d desc r ipt io n s of s i x h i t h e r to u n desc r ibed spec i es

,o n e

Of w h ic h bea r s t h e c u r i ous n a m e of E . 0 0 11117 6 - Va l l is— appar en t l v

i n te n ded as a t r a n s lati o n of t h e l oc ality (Co m et V ale) i n w h ic h thet r ee occu r s .

THE N ew P hytol oms t (xx i i . n o . 2 ; May 19) co n tai n s“ An

E xa m ple of Leaf e n ati o n i n A l b um urs inum, by S . L . G h o se ;T h e Toxonomya n d V a1 iat ion of 1U 1c 1 ocys 1

‘1s 111 Ce1'

”l o n , bv \V . l ) .

C r ow ( 1 T8 f7 0 0 1l 7 0 l 1l €13 sp c ishmqensw , gen . 1\' sp. n . 11 new

A lga f1o m Spitzbe1gen ,

” by B . M . G 1 itl iths ( 1 a n d a co n t i n u 1t io n of Walte1 Sti l es ’ 8 pape r 0 11 “ Pe r m eab i l i ty .

208 THE JOURNAL GR 1101

111 11 11

THE seco n d volum e Of M r . R idl ey ’ s F l ora of the M a layP en in’

sula ,w h i c h has r ec e n tly bee n i ss ued , co n ta i n s t h e Ga m opetal ae . Of

t h e spec i es i n c l uded , t h e aut h o r 11as see n t h e g r eate r n umb 1 11 i n a

l i v i n g sta te— a co n s ide r ab le p1op0 1 t ion h a ve bee n co l l ec ted bv himo n l y a fac t w h i c h i s u n us ua l i n co lo n ia l flo i as .

'

1 he n u mbe r ofe nde m ic s 15 ve ry la r ge , espec ia l ly m G esneracece

,w h e r e 52 out of 56

s pec i es of D idymocarpus a n d 15 out Of 16 of D idissan cl ra are

e n demi c .

UND ER t h e t itl e A l lgemeine Abs tammungs l ehre“zugl e ic h e i n e

geme1nve1 standl 1che K r it i k des Da rw inismus und des Lama1ckisn1us

(Be r l i n , Borntraeger) , D 1 . Bernha1d Da1ke n atte m pts to comp r essi n to 200 pages a n a cc ou n t, adapted f0 1 t h e ge n e ra l r eade r , of t h e

p1esen t pos i t io n of t h e E vol ut io n t h eo ry . About o n e h a lf of t h ebook co n s i sts i n a r e cap i tul ati o n of t h e fa m i l ia r a r gum e n ts fo r t h et h eo r y of D esce n t , t h e r e m a i n de r l s occ upi ed w i t h a n expos i t io n a n dc 1 i t ic i s m Of t h e La m a r c k i a n a n d Da rw i n ia n i n te r p r etat io n s . T h e co ne l us io n is t ha t, w h i l e t h e fac t o f E vo l u t io n i s c lea r

,n o adequate

expla n at io n o f it has yet bee n gi ve n ; Da rw i n i s m i s “ e i n g r osse rI r ”r tum and La m a r ck i s m l s l i ttl e bette r . T h 1oug h ou t t h e book m os tof t h e il lustrat i ve exa m ples a r e take n f r o m t h e a n i m a l k i n gdo m ,

a n dso m e aspects Of t h e subj e c t espec ia l ly i n te r e sti n g to bota n i sts a r eo n ly l ig h t ly touc h ed o n . To E n gl i s h r eade r s , at a n y r ate , ma n y oft h e c r i t i c i s m s of t h e Natu ra l Se lec tio n t h eo ry w i l l s ee m so m ew h a ta n tiquated

,but t h e i r r ev i val m ay be Of use i f it l eads r eade r s

to tu r n to t h e Or igin of Species to see how t h ey w e r e m et byDa rw i n .

AT t h e sal e of M r . G r a h a m’ s L ib ra ry at Sot h eby ’ s o n May 28

,o n e

o f t h e tw e l v e cop i es p r i n ted of Lo1d Bute ’ s B otan ical Tabl es ( 1785 )w as acqu i r ed by Mess r s . W h eldo n Wesl ey 150 11 5655 . An accou n t oft h e w o r k a n d of t h e c opy i n t h e Depa r t m e n t of Bota n y w i l l be fou n din t h i s Jou r n al for 1916, p . 84 .

MR . MART INU S NIJHOFF , of t h e Hague , h as i s sued a n inte1est ingCata logue (No . 487) Of books Of t h e 15 th a n d 16t h c e n tu r i es , w i t h asupple m e n t co n ta i n i n g book s o n t h e bibliogi aphya n d typographv oft h e sa m e pe riod .

THE ac cou n t of t h e Li c h e n s co l l ec ted du r i n g t h e B r i t i s h A n ta r c ti c

(‘Te r r a No va ’

) E xped it io n , 1910 , by P r of . O . V . D arbish irc , has

bee n i ssu ed (Ma rc h 24 ) by t h e T r ustee s Of t h e B r i ti s h Museu m (7I t co n ta i n s a co m plete l i st of t h e L i c h e n s b r oug h t back by t h e va r io usA n ta r ct i c exped i tio n s , a n d i n c l udes desc r i pt io n s a n d figu r es of e ig h ts pec ies new to sc ie n ce , al l save o n e belo n gi n g to B ue l l z

‘a,of w h i c h

Fe r n s a n ot h e r new spec ies w as figu r ed a n d desc r ibed i n t h i s Jou r n a lfo r Ap r i l (p .

IN B otan is lca JVotiser n o . 3, D r . J . Hendriksson publ is h es a

suppl eme n t to h is pape r o n Coryl us A c e l lana ( Bot . Not . 1915 ,i n w h ic h se ve r a l new va r i eti es a r e desc r i bed a n d figu r ed .


2 10 THE JO URNAL o r 130 1'

e

i m b r icate . Subi m b r icate a n d s ubco n vo l ute a r e a m biguous , as st r i c tlythey m ea n “ so m ew hat i m b r icate ” a n d “ so m ew hat co n vo l u ter espec t i ve ly . To avo id t h i s co n fus io n , new a n d d i s t i n c t i ve te r m s forthe seco n d a n d th i rd pha ses a r e he r e p r oposed . A s the e sse n t ia ld iffe r e n ce betw ee n th e m is i n th e r e la t i ve pos it io n s of the e xte r io rm e m be r s , th e te r m apotactous ( rim) a n d w ar ds— a r ra n ged apart) i ssu i tab l e for the seco n d phase , a n d paratac tous (wapé and raxr é s

a r r a n ged s ide by s ide) for the th i rd .

QUIN C UN CIAL . APOTACTOUS . PARATA CTOU S . CONVOLUTE.

I n th e qu incu n c ia l d iag r a m the m e m be r s have bee n num be r ed1 to 5 i n th e u sua l s eque n ce . Fo r pu r poses of co m pa r i son ,

corresponding n u m be r s have bee n used i n th e o ther d iag ra m s .

The d i r ect io n of o ve r l ap s how n i n th e fou r d iag ra m s i s c lockw i se

( I a n d IV ) o r p r eva i l i n gly so ( I I a n d I I I ) . By d r aw i n g th e m ir r o rimage of eac h d iag r a m the cor r e spo n d i n g cou n te r - c lockw i se se r ie sinav be obtai n ed .

R e n sl ow show ed tha t the qui n cu n c ial , “ hal f- i m b r icate (apotac tous ) ,

“ i m b r i cate (paratactous) , a n d co n vo l ute phase s formed ase r ie s in w h ich eac h phase c ou ld be de r i ved theo re t i ca l ly f r o m thep r eced i n g by a s i n gl e r e ve r sa l of o ve r lap (T r a n s . L i n n . Soc . se r . I I .Bot . i . U n doubted ly th i s i s so , but i n a n y such ser i es evolut ionm ight ha ve take n place i n e ith e r d i r ect io n . He offe r ed no sat i sfa cto rye v ide n ce i n suppo r t o f h i s v i ew that th e qu incu n c ia l .phase w as

p r i m it i v e relat i ve ly to the othe r s . Th i s v i ew see m s to have bee nbased o n h i s p r e v ious hypothes i s that :Ephy l lo taxy in D i coty l edo n s w aso r igi n al ly de r i ved f r o m a n oppos i te - decu ssate arrangement~( l . c .

E v ide n ce fo r o r aga i n st the e vol ut io n of o n e phase of ove r lapp i n gze s tivat ion f r o m a n oth e r m ay be sough t i n those spec i e s i n w h ichthe ze st ivat ion i s var iabl e . Henslow exa m i n ed th e aest i va tio n of th epetal s i n Ranmw ul us bul bosus , Viburnum Te

’

nus , P r imd l ’

a vu lgar z’

s ,

a n d R ibes cocc ineum, i n eac h of w h ic h the ze st ivat ion va r ie s. a n di n d icated the r el at i ve f r eque n cy of th e va r iou s phases . But h i spe r ce n tages a r e of l i tt l e va l ue

,as he h i m sel f ad m i tted ( l . c . a s

t hey a r e based o n exa m i n atio n of an i n suffic ie n t n um be r of flow e r s125 of V . Tinus , 120 of P . vu lgar is , a n d a n u n spec ified but p r obab lys m a l l e r n um be r of Ranun culus bu lbosus a n d Ribes coccineum. H isfigures fo r R . bu l bosus w e r e : 38 pe r c ent . qu i n cu n c ial , 14 pe r ce n t .“ hal f - i m b r i ca te ”

(apotac tous) , 32 per ce n t .

“ i m b r i cate p r ope r

(paratacto us ) , a n d 12 pe r ce n t . convol u te . They gi ve a m is lead i n gi m pression of the relative f r equency of the various phase s . The

E STIV AT ION O F RANUNC U LU S BULBO SUS AND R . AC E R

resul ts o f an exami n at ion o f the co ro l la -ze st ivat ion in th ree thousa n dflow e r s of R . bulbosus by M r . T . A . Sp r ague an d m yse l f, a n d i n o ne

thousa n d flow e r s of R . acer , a r e g i ve n be low . The n umbe r of flow e r sin each set exa m i n ed i s g i ve n in the seco n d co lum n . The figu re s i nthe last fou r co l u m n s a r e pe r ce n tages . The lette r s Q, A , P . 0

i n d ica te the qui n c u n c ia l , apotac tous , paratactous , and co n vo l u te phasesr e spec t i ve ly . F low e r s w e r e exa m i n ed in the fo l low i n g loca l i t ie s :Kew ( Sur r ey ) , Od iham a n d Weste r n Co rbett (Ha n ts ) , and Pe m bu ry( Ke n t) .

Coro l la of Ranunculus bulbo su s : p er cen tages of phases of (es fzfzro fz'

on .

NumberLo cality. of fl ow ers . P.

() d i h a mWesto n Co r bett

do . 35 ‘75

l’ emburydo .

do .

do .

do .

Tota l : Su r r eyTota l : Ha n ts . .

Tota l :

G ra n d Tota l 3000

Coro l la of Ra n u n c u lus ace r p er cen tages of p l ms es of ws l ivafi on

( )d i ha m 700 "69 334

Kew 300 37 0 29 0

Total

The mstivat ion of the cal y x i n Rw umeul us bul bosus a n d o ve r i sno r m al ly qui n cu‘n c ia l . Ou t of 250 flow e r s o f the fo r m e r , 249 hadthe calyx qu i n cu n c ia l a n d 1 apo tac to ns . No co n n ec t io n c ou ld bet r aced betwee n the d i r ect io n of o ve r lap of the sepa ls a n d t hat o f thepetal s

,ho m od r o m ous a n d a n tid r o m ous a r ra n ge m e n ts be i n g abou t

equa l ly f r eque n t .As r ega rds the co r ol la , the r e w e r e u sua l ly tw o o r th r ee. phases o f

ae s ti vatio n o n th e sa m e pla n t , l ess f r eque n tly al l fou r pha ses o r o n l y o n e .

Exa m i n at io n of the t able s show s th at t he pe r ce n tages of the

q u i n cu n c ia l , apotac tous, a n d paratac tous phase s are a pp rox i m a t e l yequal

,a n d tha t the co n vol u te phase. i s abou t o n e - fifth a s f reque n t .

I ha ve d i scus sed the r e su l ts w i th M r . Sprague . w ho po i n ts ou t tha tthe pe r ce n tages of the four phases are suc h as m ight be expected w e r eth e d i r ec tio n of o ve r lap of the peta l s pu r e ly fo r t u i tous . On th i s

2 12 TH E JOURNAL or Borxs r

hypoth es i s th e p r obab i l i t y of th e occur r e n ce of th e qui n cu n c i a l ,apotac tous , a n d paratac tous phase s w ould be $5 (312 5 pe r ce n t . ) each ,and that of th e co n vo l u te phase TL“ (62 5 pe r The approxi

m at io n to th ese pe r ce n tages obse r vab le i n each se pa rate se t of flow e r sexa m i n ed see m s to i n d icate tha t th e d i r ec ti o n of o ve r lap is m a i n ly

,i f

n ot e n t i r e ly , a m atte r of cha n ce . O n th e w h o l e,a s l igh t e xces s of

qu i n c u n c ia l co r o l la s i s obse r vab l e i n both spec i e s,a n d a co r r espo n d i n g

defic ie n cy of apotac tous co r o l las . Th i s i r r egula r i ty m igh t d i sappea ro n cou n t i n g la r ge r n u m be r s .

Concl us ions .

1 . The m eth od of ae st i vat io n of th e petal s i n Ranunculus bul boszl s

and R . ace r i s a ppa r e n tly fo r tu itou s .

2 . Th i s i n d ica te s th at th e petal s a r e a r ra n ged cycl ica l ly,n o t

in a 21’ spi r a l— othe r w i se the qu i n c u n c ia l a r ra n geme n t w ou ld be m uchm o r e f r eque n t . Acco rd i n g to Paye r (O r ga n ogen ic , 255 , t . 5 7 1857 )the p r i m o rd ia of th e petal s a r i se s i m u lta n eously .

3 . The s epal s a r e , o n the othe r h a n d , no rmal l v a r ra n ged i n aspira l (qu i n c u n c ia l ly ) . Paye r ( l . states that the i r p r i m o rd ia a r i sesuccessw ely.

4 . The difierence i n a r r a n ge m e n t of the sepa l s a n d peta l sr espec ti vely le n d s s uppo r t to th e v iew that th e sepal s a n d peta l s inm acul as m ay have had a d i ffe r e n t o r ig i n , the fo r m e r ha v i n gposs ib ly bee n de r i ved f r om b rac ts a n d th e latte r f r o m sta m e n s .

MYOSOTI S S ICULA G US SONE IN JERSEY.

B Y A . J . WILMOTT , B .A . , F .L .S .

WH I LE i n Je r sey las t yea r , M r . F r a n c i s D r uc e a n d I fou n d tw ou n usua l fo r m s of JlIyoso l is g r ow i n g togethe r at the eas t e n d o f

St . B relade’

s Bayon th e fixed du n e betw ee n th e st ra n d a n d th e po n d .

O n e p r oved to be the w h ite - flow ered fo r m of il l . oers z

’

co l or m e n tio n edi n the F l ora of Jersey as the va r . p a l l ir/a of B ré bisson ; th e oth e rp ro ved to be that v e ry loca l spec ies III. sicul a , exactly m atch i n gspec i m e n s f r o m the Lo i r e I n fé r ie u r e (Na n te s ) .

JJI. sicula has the app r essed ha i r s a n d ext re m ely sho r t sty l e ofM cwsp itosa ,

but d i ffe r s i n be i n g (I? a lway s ) a n n ual , w i th a b r i gh tg r ee n us ual ly a l m ost glab r ous sh oot w hose b ra n ches are pecu l ia r lyd i va r ica te a n d flexuous , lea ves oblo n g l i n ea r obtuse , ped ice l s abou tequal l i n g th e co n i co - cy l i n d r i c f r u i ti n g calyx , teeth rathe r obtuse subco n n i ve n t sl ightly app r essed -ha i r y , co r o l la m i n u te

,l i m b typical ly

co n ca ve,n u tle ts n a r r ow ly o vo id , s l igh tly m o r e tha n hal f the le n gth

and l e ss tha n hal f the b r ead th of those of flI. ccesp itosa . The Je r seyspec i m e n s a r e sho r t , o n ly 5 — 10 c m .

The d i s t r ibut io n of the spec i e s i s w ide , bu t th e k n ow n l ocal i t ie sfew . Those w h ich I have so fa r t raced a r e

F ran ce : Lo i r e i n f . (Na n tes ! A n ce n i s I) ; Ma i n e et Lo i r e (A n ge r s) ;Hau t es A l pes (Ma ra i s de Chateau roux l ) .

“ Por tuga l :“ Be i ra t ransm. e m e r id . (Cout i n ho F l . Po r t . 397


2 14 TH E JOURNA L o r B OTANY

i m m atu r e , a n d S ic i l ia n spec i m e n s m ay be equa l ly s m a l l . The Jersevspec i m e n s la c k the refl exed ped ic e l s m e n tio n ed i n th e o r ig i n a l descriptio n , but so do th e Toda r o topo types m e n t io n ed above . The S ic i l ia ns pec i m e n s see n a r e glab r e sce n t , w h i l e the G r ee k spec i m e n s have lo n ge ra n d so m et i m es st ro n ge r hai r s but Sa rd i n ia n spec i m e n s see m to ha vethe sa m e ha i r s , a n d the Je r sey fo r m

,w h i l e u s ua l l y subglab rous

,i s

so m e t i m es m o r e s t ro n gly ha i ry , va ry i n g f ro m a l m ost o n e ex t r e m e tot he ot he r . Th e n ut le t s of the Je r sey pla n t m at ch those of th eS ic i l ia n topotypes , i f a l lowa n ce be m ade fo r i m m atu r i ty : th ey a r eve r y u n l i ke those of M cw spitosa . I t h i n k w e m av the r efo r e igno i el toiiy’

s n a m e s , a l t hough I ha ve n ot yet bee n able to d i sco ve r w hethe r111 . 11111 l f 1fl ora Mera t i s a fo r m of 11[ . ccespitosa o r (pe1haps ofill . s icula . . The i n flo r esce n ce of th e J e r sey a n d w es te r n F r a n ces pec i m e n s i s n ot elo n gated , a s i s cha racte r i st i c i n M sicula , but that

pe r haps due to i m m atu r i ty o r to the m o r e r est r i cted g r ow th i n th eh igh e r lat it ude .

The r e i s n oth i n g i n the r eco rded occu r r e n ce s o f IE . sicula w h ic hsugges t th at i t i s l i kely to be i n t r oduced as a n a l ie n ; eve ryth i n g

ggest s tha t i t i s a dyi n g fo r m a n d that i ts occ u r r e n ce i n Je r sey a n dNV . F r a n ce i s a s r e l i c t f r o m the p r eglac ia l flo r a , so that o n e m u stas s u m e that i t has bee n o ve r looked at St . B relade

’

s Bay a n d that iti s a n atu ra l e le m e n t i n th e flo ra . I should be glad i f any co l lecto r sw ho have spec i m e n s of Jig/0 3 0 1119 co l lected th e r e so m e t i m e ago w ouldlet m e see them.

I had a t fi r s t thought that th e pla n t w ou ld p r ov e to be Ill . orar ia

l ) 11mort . , w i th th e desc r i p tio n of w h ich i n Rouy (op . cit . ) i t ag r ee sw e l l ex cept th at th e pla n t i s subglab r ous . Bu t i t i s ce rta i n ly n otill . orar ia Du m o r t ie r i n Bul l . Soc . Bo t . Belg . v i i . 350 ( 1868 ) asu n de r M . ccesp itosa . Th i s n a m e a ppl ie s to u n e fo r m e de Myoso t ist res - cu r ieu se w h ich co m es f r o m the val l é es marecageuses (l es du n e sd e F la n d r e .

” I t ha s the e n t i r e co r o l la - lobes of ccespitosa . but i sd esc r ibed as perennan t , cove r ed w ith app r essed st r igose ha i r s

,and

ha v i n g d i ve r ge n t b r a n c hes . D u m o r ti e r ask s w h eth e r i t m ay be api e pe r spec ie s o r o n ly a dw a r fed (basse ) a n d d i va r i cate va r iety o f111 i s n o spe c i m e n bea l i n g th i s n a m e i n He r b .

l )u m 0 1 t 1e1 but th e1 e a r e th 1 ee sheets of ca’ sp fi osa f r o m th e du n es ofF la n de r s . Tw o of th e m I co n s ide r m us t be 1 egarded as syntypes oft he n a m e ora r ia , fo r th e y a r e labe l l ed r espec t i ve ly flfyosotis I nval l ibus dunarum Flandrize hyemi inundat is ve r sus Coxyde , N i eu po r t ,Fu r n es . Co ro l lae lob i rotundati ! integerriin i ! co r ol l a pl icata . pl icisa l ternat iv is semiteret ibus a n d Myoso t is i n exsiccat is humidisdunarum F landriae ve r su s N i eu po r t . Coro l lze seg m e n ta ovata ap i c ero tundata ! nee 11l l o m odo praemorsa co r . 5 pl icata pl icis al ternat iv is

semit eret ibus !’ bo th have bee n dete r m i n ed by C r é p i n a s “ ve ra

fl ip/oso/is cw sp ifoso F . Sch u l tz .

” The y ce r ta i n ly see m to be me r elys m al l spec i m e n s ( 15—22 cm. h igh ) , i . e . the “ du n e m a r sh f0 1m ofo i dina1 v caespfl osa

, a n d ai e n ot at a l l l ike the d i s t i n c t Je r sey pla n t .

I t h i n k the1 e ca n be l i ttl e doubt that t hese a r e the types of 0 1 111 111

s in c e i n h i s pape r D u m o r t i e r gi ves defi n i te local i t ie s fo r h i s cce sp v'

wfo sn

a n d n o n e o f t he m a r e o n th e du n es ! A l though h e does not c it eN i eu port , o r Fu r n es , and i n h i s h e r ba r i u m doe s n ot n a m e o r

mvosorrs srcura IN JERSEY 2153

date h i s spec i m ens , the fact that h e does not h e r e na m e them at a l li n d icates that be r egarded the m as a pecul iar fo r m ,

a n d makes i t fa i r lyce r ta i n that these spec i m e n s r ep r ese n t the du n e for m w h ic h he n a m edorar ia . The th i rd sh ee t p r obably expla i n s w hy he n e ve r w r ot efu r the r ; i t co n ta i n s fa i r ly typ i ca l spec i m e n s of M ccesp itosa f r o m t he

fosses des D u n es de F la n d r e ve r s Nieuport , Coxide, Fumes ,”wh ich

w e r e o r igi n a l ly l abel led by Dum o r t ie r “ ll /[yosot is strigu l osa” a n d

later co r r ec ted by h i m to “caesp itosa.

” He doubtl es s r eal ised t ha tthe p la n t f r o m the d r ied -up m a r shy places o n the du n es w as the sa m eas that f r o m the d itch es , a n d aba n do n ed h i s n a m e . Co m pa r ed w i t ht he Je r sey fo r m these types of orar ia cou ld n ot be cal led basses .

No r a r e they espec ia l ly d iva r icate , ce r ta i n ly n oth i n g l i ke the Je r seyfo r m , i n w h ic h the b r a n ch es m ay st ic k out at r igh t a n gle s so tha tthose f r o m oppos ite s ides of the sa m e ste m m ay be i n th e sa m e st r a igh tl i n e . M orar ia D umort . i s ce r ta i n ly n ot M sicula Guss .

HEREFORD SH IRE SPHAGNA .

BY THE Rev . C . H . BINSTEAD , M .A ., AND E LEONORA ARM ITAGE .

IT see m s des i r ab le to b r i n g togeth e r al l th e ava i labl e data of th eocc u r r e n ce of Bog Mosses i n He refo r dsh i r e , a s they a r e la r ge ly a r e l ic tflo r a i n the cou n ty , a n d a r e s low ly bu t su r e ly va n i sh i n g . Wh e n t hePla n tage n et a n d late r k i n gs ca m e dow n h i th e r to gua rd the Ma r c hesf r o m borde r r a id s , the su r face of th e cou n t ry w as m ostly co ve r edwith oak fo r est i n te r sec ted by t r ackw ays a n d by i n f r eq ue n t butr a p id st r ea m s , w i th l i ttle swa m py g r ou n d . Th e la n d now has bee nlo n g d r a i n ed a n d cu l t i vated , the w ood la n d has r et r eated up the h i l ls ides , a n d th e r e i s n o Sphag n u m o n the low - ly i n g m oi s t g r ou n d .

Th e c h ief hold , w he r e m ost of th e fo r m s a r e fou n d , is o n th eB lack Mou n ta i n m oo r la n d i n the West , i n e levat io n 1800— 2000 ft

,

w i th a ne ighbou r i n g outl ie r , Cef n H il l ; b ut e ven the r e the o lde rh i l l s ide fa r m o1 s say

.

that the boggy a r ea s have m uch d r ied up i n th e i rm e m o ry

,a n d th e r e is sca r ce ly a bog-pool left . A n oth e r w e st e r n a r ea ,

k n ow n a s C r ow the r s Poo l a n d Peo

'

nt i e Gro ve , i s a d ry i n g swa m p 0 11 ah il l w i th ha rd ly a n y o pen w ate r 1 emaining. The on lv ot he1 loca l i t i es ,about te n i n n u mbe r , a r e j u st da m p spo ts i n 11 oodland, smi l l

depi essions u n de r bushes , a few y a rd s acmss ; a few m oi s t place s u n de 1fu r ze bushes , as 0 11 the s lope s of May Hi l l , i n the south east ; ona

s m a l l swa m p 0 11 a b i t of e le vated co m m o n in o n e 0 1 tw o dis t 1 ic t s .

The pla n ts h e r e have a p r eca r ious hold o n ex i ste n ce o n e loca l i t y hasbee n los t al r eady

,as the w ood w as fel led a n d th e la n d d ra in ed and

c ul t i vated ; a n d , w i th a success io n of d ry seaso n s , oth e r h e r bagespi eads a n d fi l l s up the d i tch o r dep r ess io n , a n d the bog m os sd i sappea rs

I t m ay be take n as e v ide n ce of a n a n c i e n tly fa r 11 1de1 dist 1 ibut ionof Sphag n a

.

1n Herefordshii e t hat so la r ge a n 1im be r of spec ie s ( 17) i sfo u n d

,va ry i n g i n to 1 e1y m a n y fe 1 m s Th e Snbsecunda terms ,

1 11 11 111laf 11 111 a n d a 11~"1 1c11l 11f 11 111, a r e 11 1tuml l 1 th e m ost w ide ly d i s pe r sed ;Ac ut ifo l ia . w ith pl umul osum in se ve ra l for m s co m es n ext C vmbifolia

216 rm: JOURNA L or BOTANY

a r e u n co mmo n Cuspidata o ccu r o n l y o n mou n ta i n m oo r land w h i l eSqua r rosa are fou n d o n ly i n o n e n o r th - we s te r ly sw a m p . O n e va r ie tya n d t w o fo r m s a r e fou n d o n ly i n v . c . 36 .

Sphag n a a r e o n l y fou n d in He r efo rd sh i r e o n the oute r f r i n ge oft he cou n t y f ro m S E . to i n the bo ta n ica l D i s t r icts 32 ( S ) , 1 14 , 13 , 12 1 1 , 10 No n e are k n ow nf ro m t he ce n t r a l o r n o r th - ea ste r n pa r ts . The few old r eco rd s i nl ’ urchas a n d Ley ’

s F /ora of H erefbr ds/u’

re ( 1899 ) w i l l be fou n du n de r t he i r m ode r n n a m es i n the l i st , w h ich ga th e r s up the r esu l t s ofa ca refu l survey of the cou n ty m ade by 115 bo t h s i n ce 1917 . \Ve

v is ited o ld local i t ies especia l l y , a n d r efou n d m os t of th e r eco rded fo r m s ,to w h ic h w e have added m a n y oth e r s .To a vo id at tach i n g ou r i n i t ia l s to ea ch e n t ry

,w e may state

that E . A . i s r e spo n s ib l e fo r D i s t r icts 1 a n d 2 ; a n d E .A . a n d C .H .B .

t ogethe r , fo r the m ost pa r t , fo r 3 , 1 1 , 12 , a n d 14 . O the r co l lecto r sa r e n a m ed . The n a m es a n d o rde r fo l l ow M r . J . A . VVhe ldon

’

s Syn op s is

of the E ur opean Spiny/11a ; to w ho m a n d a l so to M r . W . R . She r r inw e a r e m uch i n debted fo r n a m i n g the pla n ts .

SPHAGNUM E IMBRIATI’

M W i l s . va r . r oof/sh am B raithw . f . com

p acfum “T

hel d . 2 How le G r ee n Wood , E .A . 19 18 , new fo r m,see

M . E . C . Repo r t , 19 19 ; va r . 0 0 71111213 Ca rd . f . spec fnbfl e W . subf .

sguar rosul um H . M u l l . 2 H ow le G r ee n “food ; va r . 7

'

11ie1' 11zediumtuss . 2 How le G r ee n Wood , 11 n ea r K i n gto n , Rev . W . O . WVait ; var .

ten ue G r av . 2 How l e G r ee n “'

ood, 14 B lack H i l l ; va r . Zax zf o l ium2 How l e G r ee n “food .

S . RUBE LL L’

M W i l s . va1n re1'

s icol o1' W . 14 top of B la ck Mou n ta i n s ,2100 ft .

S . PLt MULO SUM Rol l . [F ] . Heref . a s acm‘s iium 14 B la e n

O lchon] var . r in k/e W . 14 C lchon Head a n d Bla ck H i l l , 12 C r ow th e r sPoo l ; f . l aa'

umW. 1 1 Mo sel ey Me r e ; f . sqzzm'

rosulmnW . 2 B i sh opsw ood ; f . Idafe vz

'

rmzs W . 14 P r i l l D i n gl e a n d B la ck H i l l ; var .

l ilacz'

num Sp r uce 2 B ishopsw ood ; va r . p urpureumW . 11 Lyo n sha l lPa r k

, A . Le y and C . H . B . 1895 ; va r . rersicoz’

or W . 2 Bishopswood ,

12 C r ow th e r s Poo l , 14 B lack Mou n ta i n s ; f . zra l z'

dum“f. 14 B lack

Mou n ta i n s ; f . ten s/ 7121 111 W . 11 L y o n sh a l l Pa r k , 12 Pe n t r e Grove , 14O lchon H ead ; f fl ac of usces cens W . 14 C rasw al l ; f . NV .

subf. 0 1

‘1710 0 7a 1711 111 VVheld . 14 C lchon Head , B lack H i l l , a n d P r i l lD i n gl e , B lack Mou n ta i n s , new form , E . A . 1919 (see M . E . C . Repo r t1920 a n d Jou r n . Bot . 192 1

,185 , J . A .

S . SQUAR‘

RO SUM I’ e r s . va r . subs qzmrr osumRus s . ap. W .,f . d eg/(ms

Ru ss . 1 1 i n B i r ch sw a m p , Hu n t i n gto n Pa r k ; f . gracil e Ru ss . 11

Hu n t i n gt o n Pa rk ,E . A . 1922, the o n ly occ u r r e n ce of th is spec ies i n

v . c . 36 .

S.

Russ . var. 11mc 1°01171y1111 111 14 top of Cef nH i l l , 1700 ft .

S. P . de Beauv . [F ] . Heref . 2 How l e G r ee n , A . Le y

,

3 Mav H il l . A . L . , 14 C r ib yr Garth , A . L . ] 14 O lchon Head ; va r .robus

‘

mm Bre idl . f . [a l g'

fo l imn \V . 14 abo ve P r i l l D i n gl e a n d boggysw a m p on Bla ck Mou n ta i n c i r . 2000 f t . ; va r . 111/{ins Angst r . p . p. ,

f. S il va /10 11 111 Russ . 3 Haugh Wood , 11 Lyo n sha l l Pa r k , 14 B lack H i l l '

and swa m p o n B lack Mou n ta i n s ; subf . defl exumW. 11 Lyo n sha ll


2 18 11 111: JOURNAL or BOTANY

S . c a 1 ssrcnanun \V . va r . W. 12 Pent r e G ovef . vers ico l or W. s ubf . impescens W . 14 ( ) lchon Head ; var . divers i

f’

o l iumW. 1 1 L y o n sha l l Pa r k , 14 B lac k M ou n ta i n s ; f . in termediumW . 14 P r i l l D i n g le ; subf . breviramoszun W. 14 Moo r l a n d abo veP1 111 D i n gl e .

S . RUrE SC E N S Nees et Ho1nsch . var. 11zaq1z(f o l zu111W . f . 2111 0 8 0 6 113

“7 . 3 May Hil l , H . H . K . a n d F . A . 1" C 1o 1vthe1 s Poo l , 14 Cef nH i l l .S . TURGID ULUM W. va r . fere t iuscu l cmn W . 2 Bishopsw ood.

S . PAPILLO S UM Lindb. [I n th i s g roup i n E l . Heref . th e r e i s n om e n t io n o f pap il l osum. The few r e co rd s u n de r cy11zb1f o l i11m a n dva r s . a r e deta i led be low . The local i t ie s , w he n r e v i s i ted , w e r e fou n dto co n ta i n fo r m s m ostly i n co r r ec tly n a m ed i n th e F l ora . A . L .

fal z’

um 3 May H il l , 1 1 V a l lets Wood , 14 B l ae n O lchon ,h ead of

Cusop V al l ey , va r . sgnarrosul um, 2 How l e G r ee n , Lodge G r o ve ,3 Haugh Wood , 1 1 Val lets Wood ; va r . compac tum, 11 V al lets\Vood .1 va r . 11 0 11 1111113 W. f . br acbg/c l adnmW . s ubf . pa l l escens Whe ld .

14 C lchon Head ; f . 1 0 19 41 111111 W . subf . 1°

11 1111da1‘11111Whe1d . 14 Blac kH i l l ; var . subl ce ve Limpr . f . yl auco virens Schl ieph . 14 B lack H i l l ;f . brevira111osu 1n W. 12 Pe n t r e G o ve ; f . compactumW. 14 top o f

B lack Mou n ta i n s . 2 100 ft . va r . l e oe W . 14 C lchon Head .

S . CYM BIFOLIUM E hrh . var . gl aucescen s W . 3 Haugh Wood ;f . sgzmr rosulum Pe r s . subf . pyonoc l adum W . 2 Bishopsw ood , 1 1

Lv onshal l ; va r . pa l lescen s W . 2 Bishopsw ood, 3 May Hi l l , H . H . K .

a n d E . A . ; va1nfl avescen s W. 2 Bishopswood, 11 Lyo n shal l .We have vouche r spec i m e n s of a l l these Sphag n a i n our h e rba r ia .

CALATHODE S .

BY T . A . SPRAGUE , B .Sc . , F .L .S .

THE n a m e 0 0 1111710 118 3 was gi ve n by Hook e r a n d Tho m so n to ar e m a r kab l e ge n u s of Rammculacece d i sco ve red by th e fo r m e r a t a na l t itude of ft . in the S i k k i m H i m a laya (F l . 1 n d . 40 ; PI. B r i t .

I n d . w h ich co m b i n ed the app r ox i m ate flo ra l st ructu r e ofC'o l flm w i th th e fo l iage of 1

'

1 0 l 11 11s . The ge n e r ic n a m e doubtless1 efe1 s to th e 1 elat ionsh ip w i th 0 0 117111 , and th i s co n n ect io n has led toit s be i n g m i sp r i n ted 0 1111110 116 3 (G racco -La t i n ) . The o r ig i n al a n dco r r ect s pel l i n g was Ca lafl 1odes —Hooke r acce pted the de r i vat io n ofthe Lat i n O1tZ1‘I1a ( co m m o n Ma r igo ld , 0 1113 11 111110 ofi cz

’

na l is L . ) f1o m11 1111 11611 ; (S tude n t

’ s F l . 9 ; a n d p1esumably e m p loyed th ead |ec t ive 110 1 11 6111817: i n th e se n se of Oa l tka l ike

,n o t “ c up l i ke

,

s i n ce th e pe1 ianth - lea ves of 0 . pa lmafa appea r to be sp1 ead1ngThe type spec ies , 0 . palmet to ,

w as subseque n tly disco 1 e1 ed i nH upeh b y He n ry a n d W i l so n a n d figu r ed i n Hook . 10 . Pl . t . 1935 .

But He n ry’ s n o . 6977 , w h i ch was the type of that pla te

, w as am ix tu re

,th e flow e r i n g s pec i m e n be i n g 0 . p a lma ta a n d the tw o

f r u i ti n g o n es r ep re se n t i n g a new spec ies w h i ch I desc r ibed as ' 0 . 0 131/

(Kew Bu l l . 19 19 ,As the desc r i ptio n and plate in the

Icon es co vered both spe c i es , i t see m s des i rab l e to gi ve th e i r sv nonvmv .

canar none s 2 19

I t should be m e n t io n ed that the Hupeh spec i m e n s o f 0 . p a l /1111111

have s m al le r flow e r s tha n th e type f r o m S i k k i m,but t h is i s the o n l y

d i ffe re n c e ob se r vabl e . The fol l i c le s of Hupeh p a lma ta-

0 11

2673) a r e b r oad a n d subt r u n cate abo ve ; th ose of the Sikkimpn lma /aa r e st i l l u n k n ow n : shou ld they p r o ve to be d iffe r e n t

, the Hupeh

pa111111 1‘11 w i l l ha ve to be separated , bu t pe n d i n g the i r d i sco ve ry t h e r e

i s n o adequate g rou n d fo r ac co rd i n g i t e ve n va r ietal s tatu s .

CALATHODE S PALMATA Hook . f . et Tho m s . F l . I n d . 40

F l . B r i t . I n d . i . 22 ; O l i v . i n Hook . Io . Pl . t . 1935 , quoad spec i m e nfloriterum.

Ha l) . S ik k i m H i m alaya , ft . , J . D . H ooker . Hupeh :

Hsi n gsha n , 9000 ft .

,He11 1

'

y 6977 w este rn Hupeh,Wi l s on

2048,2673 .

C . OXYCARPA Sp rague i n Kew Bu l l . 1919 , —0 . p a1111111a O l i v .

i n Hook . Ic . P] . t . 1935 , q uoad spec i m e n fruct iferum.

H ob. Hupeh : Hs i n gsha n , H enry 6977 M t. “’

a ,

9500 ft ., 14

7113 0 11 305 6 . Szech ua n : Tehen - keou - ti n ; Heou - p i n

.

7200 ft .,F o rges 924 (a depaupe r a te s tate ) .

Hooke r a n d Tho m so n de sc r ibed the flow e r s of 0 . 1911111111111 a sye l low ; those of 0 . oxycarpa, accord i n g to W i l so n , a r e w h ite , t i n gedw i t h bl ue .

A NE W VERONICA FROM BULGARIA .

BY PROF . N . STOJANOFF AND B . STE FANOFF ,

Sofia Un iversitv .

WH I LE r ev i s i n g the m ate r ia l co l l ected by us i n th e Stra n dja ra n ge .

in south - ea ste r n B ulga r ia , w e beca m e pa r t ic u la r ly i n te r e sted i n aspec ies of 1

7

11 1 0 1111311, w h ich was d iffe r e n t f r o m a n y k n ow n to u s i n th eflo ra of E u r ope and W'

este r n As ia . Ow i n g to the ab se n ce of a la rgege n e r a l he rba r i u m , w e se n t a spec i m e n to M r . W . B . Tu r r i l l fo r co m

pa r i so n w ith th e co l lect i o n s i n t he Kew He rba r i u m . M r .Tu r r i l l

r e pl ied that he had bee n u n abl e to match the pla n t,a n d co n fir m ed ou r

opi n io n that i t r e p r ese n ted a new a n d u n desc r ibed spec ies.

haveth e r efo r e d raw n up the fo l low i n g acco u n t of t he pla n t

,w h ich w e

have n a m ed aft e r M r . Tu r r i l lVeronica Turril l iana, spec . nov . Sec t . G riseb. Spie il .

F l . Rum. i i . 28 ; aflin is Te 11c 1' 1'

11 111 L . et V. p z'

os f 1 L.

Sufi’rut escens , caul ibus numerosis ascendent ibus cyl indrieis ad

2 5 dm. al t i s laev ibus bifariam‘

sparse et brev 1ter puberul is .Fo l ia

o vata vel oblo n go - el l ipt ica , bas i sensim rotundato -atte n ua ta e t b1 e v ite 1

c u n eato - petiolata , c i r c ite r 8—12 111111. lo n ga et 0— 8 111111 . la ta . su l .

co r iacea , persistentia, glab r a . Racema e x fo l iorum supremo rum axil lis

2—4 , 1nul t iflora, pedice l l is v ix puberulis ca lyce aequan t ihus vel lo n g io r ibu s ; bract eae pedice l lis asquilongze ve l sublongio res . Ca lyc islac i n iae 5

, lance'

olatae , valde inzuquales . glabrre . Co ro l la 1 1 c m .

d ia m et r o,l ilaeino - coe r u lea , i n fauc e l u r ida et obso le t e s t r iata . c alvve

t r ip lo vel quad r u plo l ongiora . Capsula co m p r es sa,apice ro tundata .

bas i ro tundata et s i n uata . 4 m m . lo n ga et lata. ca l y ce awluilo ng a ve l\

' ir< lo ngio ra . l fl lo re t h l ajo .

220 1 11 1: JOURNAL or BOTANY

l n . rupest ribus cretaceis ad Mal ko T i r n o vo i n m o n te St ra n dj a ,Bulga r ia a ust ro - o r i e n ta l i s .

Th i s new Veron ica i s eas i ly d i s t i n gu i shab le f r o m the othe r spe c i esof t he g rou p to w h ich i t be lo n gs , a s fo l low s :

V . Te nor /11 111 L.—1’ eren n ial but he rbaceou s . Ste m s e r ec t , ta l l .

Ste m s ha i r y al l ro u n d . Lea ves soft,m e m b r a n o u s a n d pi lo se

,o val o r

e l l i pt ic - co rda te,sess i le 12— 22 l i im. b r oad . Sepa l s glab r ou s o r c i l ia te

at th e m a rgi n . F r u it p i l o se .

V . 11 10 3 117 1111 L .

—Pe r e n n ia l but h e rbaceou s . Ste m s a sce n d i n g o rp r ost ra te . S t e m s ha i ry a l l r ou n d . Leaves r ugose

,m e m br an ous and

pubesce n t,e l l i pt ic - ob lo n g

,sho r tly pet io late

,4— 6 m m . b r oad . Sepa l s

glab rous . F r u i t glab rous .V . 1

'110 110pe11 D ege n .

— Pe r e n n ia l bu t h e rbaceous . Ste m sa sce n d i n g o r p r ost ra te . Ste m s ha i ry o n ly a lo n g two Oppos ite l i n e s .Lea ves r ugose , me 111branous a n d glab r o us , o n ly c i l iate at the m a r g i n s ,e l l ipt ic - ob lo n g , sho r t ly p et io late , 4— 0 m m . b r oad . Sepal s c i l ia te a tthe m a rg i n . F r u i t sl igh tly pube rulou s at the sum m it o n ly , oth e rw i seglab rou s .

V . sp. n o v .

— Suff r u tesce n t . S te m s asce n d i n g o rp ro strat e . Ste m s ha i ry o n ly a lo n g t wo oppos ite l i n es . Leaves co r i aceous , pe r s i s te n t , qu i te glab r o u s , ova l o r e l l i pt i c - oblo n g

,sh o r tly pet io

l a t e,6—8 111111 . b r oad . Sepa l s glab rous . F r u i t s l igh tly pube rulou s a t

the su m m i t o n ly , othe r w i se glab r ou s .i t i s n otewo r thy that V . 1 110 11011 0 11 a n d V . bo th

e n de m i c to th e Bu lga r ia n flo ra , a r e q u i te i so la ted pla n ts ; 110 i n te rm ed ia te s a r e k n ow n w h ich co n n ec t t h e m w it h o n e a n othe r o r w i thw hat a r e appa r e n tly th e i r c l osest al l ies V . 10 1

1

0 3 111 1111 L . a n d V . T0 11

L . at the sa m e t i m e i n te r m ed ia te fo r m s betw ee n V. 111 0 3 117 1111 ,V . 10 110 11 11111, V . 11113 111 110 11 , a n d othe r spec ie s of th i s g rou p , do occu ri n B ulga r ia . I t i s a l so w o r th r eco rd i n g that our pla n t a n d the spec ie sco m pa r ed w i th i t abo ve show ecolog ica l d i ffe r e n ce s in the hab i tatsr e spec t i ve ly fa vou r ed . V . 1

7

0 110 1 111111 a n d V . p ros tra ta a r e w idel yd i st r ibuted ove r a l l Bul ga r ia n te r r ito ry , as i n m a n y oth e r pa r ts ofEu r ope ; the fo r m e r i s co m m o n i n the d ry oak a n d m i xed fo re sts , a n dt he l atte r i s n o t r a r e i n th e d ry pas tu re s o f the pla i n s . O n th e othe rha n d

,V. 1110 11011 0 11. a n d V. Tar /

117 11111111 a r e appa r e n tly n a r r ow ly l i m itedin the i r d i s t r ibu tio n ; th e fo r m e r i s a West Rhodopean e n de m i c ,occu r r i n g i n m o i s t m o u n tai n pastu r es , w h i l e the latte r i s a xe rophyte ,r est r icted to t he s m al l po r t io n s of c r e taceous r ock s w h ich r e m a i noas is - l i ke a m o n g the la r ge fo r ests o f F ay/ 11.9 0 11 0 11111113 a n d othe r t r eeso f th e St r a n dja ra n ge . Th e i solated po s it io n of these r ock s i n th efo rests i s co n n ected w i th th e co m pl ete abse n c e of a spec ific x e r ophy t i cv egetatio n . W i th th e e xcept io n of V . a n d 131110 1 1113

1111111 0 11 M . B . ,al l the othe r fo r m s occu r r i n g i n th ese habi tats a r e

co m m o n B'

Iediterrancan the rophy tes , appa r e n t ly of r e lat i ve ly r ecen ti n t r oduct io n . I t i s t h u s poss ible tha t ou r new pla n t i s a desce n da n tf ro m V . pros/1 7 1111 a n d w as de r i ved f r o m th i s spec ie s , i n a n olde repoch

,th r ough th e age n cy of the hab i ta t co n d i t io n s

,a n d is n ot, the re

fo r e, a r ece n t ly fo r m ed eco logi ca l race .


22“1 111; J O URNA L OF 110

-

1 1 11 1

(p . f r o m Fax a n d K n ut h . W'

e h a ve,too ( pp . 12 a. co 1npre~

hensive sy n o n y m i c l i s t of t h e E u r opea n spec i es,exc el l e n t i n i tse lf

,bu t

n ot new ; fo r i t i s ext rac ted bod i ly f r o m M r . C h i tte n de n’ s l i st of t h e

m e m be r s of t h e ge n u s , publ i s h ed i n t h e Repo r t of t h e P r i m ula Confe r e n c e of 1913 . A s to t h e r est of t h e bo ta n i ca l i n fo r m at io n gi ve n

,

some of t h i s i s w o r se t h a n i n adequate,fo r i t i s la r ge ly e r r o n eo us .

T h e t r eat m e n t of t h e t h r ee co mmo n B r i t i s h spec i es (al l w h ic h exte n da l so o ve r t h e g r eate r pa r t o f E u r ope ) i s espec ial ly u n sati sfac to ry .

D r . Macwat t see m s u n acqua i n ted w i t h t h e w o r k do n e by bota n i stsdu r i n g t h e last fo r ty o r fifty yea r s to a sce r ta i n t h e d i st r i butio n s a n de l uc idate t h e r e l at io n s h ips of t h ese spec ies

,w h i c h a r e ad m ittedly ve ry

didicult to d is c r imi n ate , ow i n g to t h e r eadi n es s w i t h w h i c h t h eyh 1 b1 1d1ze, p1oducing pe r pl ex i n g i n te r m ed ia te fo rms ; vet t h e sec r it ica l ” fo r m s a n d t h e i r o r ig i n s a i e now pe r fe ctly wel l k n ow n tot h ose who h ave studi ed t h e m , a n d m a n y pape i s h a v e bee n 11 r1t ten

u po n t h e m . T h e r e i s , t h e r efore , n o exc us e fo r t h e ve ry ou t - of—datei n fo r m at io n giv e n in r ega r d to t h e m . T h e aut h o r ’ s accou n t of t h a te xc eedi n gly i n te r es t i n g pla n t F r i/11111111 e latior Jacq . i s pa r t i c u la r lymisleadin o' i t m ig h t h av e bee n w r i tte n i n t h e days of h i s g ra n d

D

fat h e r,w h e n t h e r e was co m pl ete 1gno1a nce a m o n g bota n i s ts a s to its

s ta tus and di st r ibut io n .S ti l l

,D r . Macwat t

’

s book i s fa r f r o m be i n g a ltoget h e r w i t h ou tm e r i t . Ma n y of t h e h a lf- to n e i l l ust r atio n s gi ve n a r e qu ite plea s i n g

,

t h oug h o n e h a s see n so m e of t h e m befo r e a n d t h e n a m i n g of a few i squest io n abl e

,t h e co lou r ed pl ates a r e , howeve1 , poo r and i n effec t i v e ,

be i n g i l l repi oduced . T h e volum e cmitains a lso m uc h infou nat ion a sto t h e best m ea n s of cul t i vat i n g t h e 1 a1 ious spec i es of P 7 £11zzrl a , a n dt h i s is n o doubt exce l l e n t , fo r D 1 . Macwat t 1s a n o ld a n d e n t h us ia st i cg r ow e r , w i t h a ge n ui n e l o ve fo r h i s pla n ts . His w o r k i s i n fac t r ea l lyo n e fo r t h e h ort i cul tu r i s t r at h e r t h a n fo r t h e bota n i st— a n d he w oul dh a ve bee n w i se had he co n fi n ed i t e n t i r ely to t hat s ide of t h e subject,w h i c h h e ev ide n tly u n de r sta n ds t h o r oug h ly . I n stead of t h is , D r . Mac

11'

at t h as c h ose n to bestow upo n h i s book a n appea ra n ce of suc he x te n s i v e bota n i ca l e r ud it io n a s to i n v i te sc ie n t ific c r i t i c i s m , a n d h eca n h a rd ly co m pla i n i f t h e bota n i st, fi n d i n g how l i ttl e of t h e sc ie n t i fi ci n fo r m at io n gi ve n i s new , c r it i c i ses t h e book w i t h so m e seve r i ty .

M . C .

A H andbook of the L awyer B r it ish F ungi. By JOHN RAM SB OTTO M

, O .B .E M .A . , F . L.S . Assi sta n t , Depai tment of Bota n y .

Based o n t h e Gmde S o u eabys M ode l s of B u l l s /1 F uwyi

b 1 G E OR 111~J S 1 11 1H. P1 iuted b 1' O r *de1 oft in T i ust ees of the B 1 it ish M useu m , 1923 . 8 vo , c lot h , pp . i v ,

14 1 ligu i es i n te xt . P r i c e 73 . Gd .

‘

A1.'

1 111) 1 1111 ba sed o n t h e G uide ia Smocr by’

s 1110 1150 13 , t h i s , as

D r . l iendle s h ow s i n h i s p r eface , i s p ra ct ical ly a new book t h e i n t r oduc t io n has bee n g r eatly ex te n ded , t h e desc r i pt io n s ge n e r a l ly h a vein en 1ev ised a n d en laiged ,

a n d add i tio n al m atte r of eco n o m ic a n db io logi cal in te1est h a s bee n i n c luded .

M r. Ra m sbotto m i s to be congmtulated i n h av i n g pimided a n1 .\ cc l len t in t i oduc tion to the s l ud1 of the " 11 1 B i it ish fu n gi . Fo i

ma n y yea r s pas t . myco logists ha1 e bee n u n able to 1 1 c 0 111111e n d to

A HAND BOOK OF THE LARGER Barrrsn 223

w ou ld -be stude n ts a good text -book , but t h i s defi c i e n cy i s now

ad m i rably suppl i ed . T h e vol u m e i n c ludes a desc r i pti o n of al l t h eB r it i s h ge n e r a of Basidiomycetae, acco m pa n ied by t h e late Wo rt h i n gto n Gr. S m it h ’ s fi n e i l lus t rati o n s .I n t h e i n t r oduct io n M r . Ra m sbotto m gi ves a luc id a n d co n c i se

sketc h of t h e l ead i n g c h a r ac te r s t h at d i st i n gu i s h fu n gi f r o m al l ot h e rm e m be r s of t h e v egetabl e k i n gdo m a n d of t h e m a i n g r oups i n tow h ic h t h ese a r e d i v ided . I n c ide n tal ly h e g i ve s a n ex h austi ve a n dup

- to - date accou n t of fa i ry r i n gs , myco r r h i za , a n d po i so n ous a n ded ible spec i es . T h es e i l lum i n at i n g sum m a r i es s h ow how deeply t h ea ut h o r i s ve r sed in t h e vast l i te ra tu r e deal i n g w i t h t h e s ubj ec t .

A m o n gst t h e fles h y Agari c s , Bo leti , C lavariae, a n d Puff- ba l l s , t h espec ie s e n um e r ated a r e co n fi n ed to t h os e h av i n g ed i bl e o r po i so n ousqual i t ie s ; t h e Handbook t h us fo r m s a co m plete gu ide to t h ese pla n ts ,a n d its co m pac t fo r m w i l l e n abl e t h e s tude n t to r efe r to it i n t h efie ld fo r t h e i r d ist i n gu i s h i n g c h a rac te r s . M r . Ramsbo tto m dea l s ve ryfu l ly w it h t h e po i so n ous Aman d a , desc r ib i n g t h e sy m pto m s cau sedby t h e i r i n ges t io n , t h e m ed i ca l t r eat m e n t of t h e sa m e , a n d t h e ca usat i ve po i so n . Wit h r e ga r d to t h i s la st h e s h ow s t h at i n cases ofpo i so n i n g b y t h e dest ruc t i ve Aman ita pha l l oz

’

des t h e b lood -di sso l v i n gh ae m olys i n p h a l l i n i s n ot t h e ca use of deat h , be i n g d isso l ved by t h eac t io n of cook i n g a n d b r oke n up by t h e diges t i ve ju i c es , but t h e h eatr es i s ta n t , n o n -digest ib le A m a n i ta - tox i n of Fo rd . U n de r A rmil la r ia

me l lea t h e . r h i zo m o r p h s a n d t h e i r dest r uc ti ve ac tio n as a pa ra s it e o na l m ost e ve ry k i n d of t r ee a r e s ucc i n c tly desc r i bed ; t h e va r io u s ratsof t i m be r - t r ees a r e b r iefl y r efe r r ed to u n de r t h e desc r ipt io n s of P o ly

p oras S chweinitzii, P . squamosas , P . sn ip hure ns , P . he fa l iuus ,

F onw s f omen tar ius , F . u lmar ias , &c . T h e s ubj ec t of D ry - ro t a n d i tsco n t r o l i s set ou t ve ry ably i n t h e n otes to M er zcl ias lacrynzans a n dComophompufeana .

Nve p r esu m e M r . Ra m sbotto m fel t obl i ged to adopt t h e m i s l ead i n gn a m es fo r t h e aut h o r s set out i n W . G . S m it h ’ s Synop s is of the

B r itish B as idiomg/ce tes ; but w e see n o r ea so n fo r h i s adopti n g t he

de r i vati o n of M ern l lus f r o m morn/a , a blac kbi r d ; F r ies ( S y s t .

M y co l.i. 327 ) de r i ves i t f r o m nzev

'

us , pu r e n o m i n e ad Mo r

c h el las (me iw s - tute c ibarias ) denotandas veteres us i s u n t, huc t ra n st ul i t Ha l le r .

”

A w o r d s h ou ld be added o n t h e exc el le n t w ay i n w h i c h the book i sp r oduc ed

,a n d t h e r easo n abl e p r i c e at w h ic h i t i s publ i s h ed .

CARLETON B 111 .

BOOK-NOTES , NEWS , ET C .

AT t h e m eeti n g of t h e L i n n ea n Soc i ety o n Ju n e 7 , P r of . C . R.

Moss spoke o n t h e spec i es a n d fo rms o f Sa l ico -rn ia i n So ut h A f r ica .

M r. Ra m sbotto m ex h ib ited spec i m e n s of t h e W h i te Trut’rle , Cho ir“

911goesf r o m C h elmsfo rd . M r . B u r tt -Davy read a

pape r on t h e geog rap h i ca l d i st r i b ut io n o f so m e Tmnsvaal Legii iii iiio sav .

A s fa r a s a va i labl e da ta e n abl e us to s h ow , the Legu m i n osae fo r m t he

l a r gest fami ly o f Tra n svaa l Spe rmatop h yta as r ega r ds n u m be r s o f

spec ie s,h a vi n g about 100 spec i e s m o r e than t h e Compositze . a n d com

p1'

1sing n ea r ly 10 per ce n t . of t h e r eco rded spec i es of t h e il om. T h esub-fa m i ly Papil ionacc zc i n c l ude s ni l y

-e ig h t ge n era a n d 128 spec i e s :

221 TH E JOURNAL o r BOTANY

exc l ud i n g the al i e n s , a n d t h e ge n u s Inwyofe ra w h i c h i s n o t yet ful lyw o r ked o ut , w e h a ve fifty ge n e ra and spec i es . S i n c e t h e fi r s tC h eck l i s t of T ra n s vaa l Flow e r i n g P la n ts was publ i s h ed i n 19 11 , t h en umbe r of r eco rded spec i es of Papil ionaceze h a s bee n n ea r ly doubl ed .

A la r ge n umbe r of the ge n e ra h a ve v e r y few s pec ies , a n d t h e r e a r efew ge n e ra w i t h ma n y spec i es , i. c . , fo r ty - five spec i es a r e d i st r i bu tedamo n g t h i r ty ge n e ra ,

w h i l e 18 8 oc c u r i n fou r ge n e ra . As a ge n e r a lr ul e

,t h e ge n e r a w i t h few spec ies h a ve n o e n de m i cs ; t h e g r eates t

n u m be r of e n de m i c s occ u r i n ge n e ra w i t h t h e g r ea te st n um be r ofspec ies ; but some of t h e la r ge ge n e ra h a ve a sma l l p r opo r tio n ofe n demi c s , e . g. , C

’rofa lm'ia w i t h t h i r ty - t h r ee spec ie s a n d Tep hroszfa

w i t h t h i r ty - o n e h a ve o n l y e ig h t and n i n e e n de m ic s r espect i ve ly .

T h e spec i es s h ow g r eat va r i at io n i n ra n ge , e ve n i n t h e sa m e ge n u s ;some ra n ge a l m ost t h e le n gt h of t h e Co n t i n e n t ; ot h e r s a r e r e st r i c tedto ve ry l i m ited a r eas e ve ry poss i bl e va r ia ti o n of ra n ge betw ee n t h eset w o ext r emes i s co ve r ed by t h e m ajo r ity of t h e spec ies .

AT t h e m eet i n g Of t h e L i n n ea n Soc iety o n J u n e 2 1 , l\Tr. T . A .

D y m es spoke on Seeds of t h e Ma r s h O r c h ids ,” h i s r e m a rk s be i n g

i l l ust r ated w i t h la n te r n - s l ides , c o lou r ed d raw i n gs by M rs . G odfery,a n d

l i v i n g spec i m e n s . He c o n s ide r ed t h at t h e se fel l i n to tw o g roupsflIaca l a fce a n d Lahjfol ia’

. To t h e fi r st bel o n g macula l a L .=F achsii

D r uc e, e r ice torumLi11t 0 11=p 7

'

ccco.vWebste r , a n d O’

JCe l Ig/i D r uc e ; tot h e s eco n d prac/ermissa D r uc e , in car na ta L . , andpn rpure l la Step h e nso n s . T h e seeds of t h ese g roups a r e sepa rabl e by t h e i r testal c el l s : i nBIacn la fw th ese a r e sc u lptu r ed ; i n L a l g

’

fo l zfao n ot . Fu r t h e r d is ti n ot io n s a r e : i n macula ta t h e apex a n d testa a r e c u r ved a n d po i n ted ,w i th loose co i l s ; t h e ke r n e l i n e rz

’

ceforum i s about o n e - t h i r d la r ge rt h a n i n t h e ot h e r tw o ; O

’

A'

e l lyz'

has a lo n g n a r r ow seed , w i t h c losec o i l s ; pre termissa h as a lo n g s t ra ig h t seed , n o t m uc h d i lated abovet h e ke r n e l ; i n inco r na ta t h e seed i s m uc h s h o r te r a n d b roade r , a n dt h e mes h a n d testa are s m al le r ; pnrpur e l l a h as t h e sma l lest seed ,w i t h tes ta i n de n ted abo ve t h e ke r n el , tape r i n g, w i t h s m a l l m es h .

Seed s e ve n f r o m the sa m e pl a n t mayv a ry g reat ly ; t h e r e i s a fo r m

( Orchis maja l is Re i c h . ) w i t h u n i fo r m seeds . Quest io n s co n n ec tedw i t h t h e fo r m s ca n o n ly be so l ved by systemati c cul t i vat i o n . Co lo n e lG odferyga ve a n ac cou n t of t h e occ u r r e n c e of c e r ta i n o f t h e fo r m sab road

,espec ia l ly i n t h e ca se of t h ose w h ic h d id n ot g r ow assoc iated

w i t h a l l i ed fo r m s .

D R .WALT HER RYTZ’

S pa m p h l e t, L e ifsafzef ur e in r icht igesZit ieren

in w issenscha f l l ichen A rbeh‘ea (Ber . Sc h w e i z . Bo t . G es . Heft xx x i i .B ei lage ; Zu r i c h , 1923 , 20 pp.

, 60 ce n times ) , co n ta i n s a n el abo rateset of r ul es

,w it h spec ia l r efe r e n ce to bota n i cal l i te ra tu r e a n d w i t h

c o pious examples , fo r t h e c i tat io n of sc i e n tific publ i cati o n s . T h ege n era l adopt io n of h is suggesti o n s w ould l ead to t h e sa v i n g of t imetoo ofte n unprofitablyspe n t i n ru n n i n g dow n i n c omplete r efe r e n c es , o ri n t rack i n g a n to its sou r c e . I t i s g r ati fy i n g to lea r n t h a t ,so fa r a s E n gla n d i s co n ce r n ed , establ i s h ed cu sto m r ende r s specia lr ul es of c i tati o n a l m ost supe rfluous . D r. Ryt z

’

s recommendat ion , tha tr efe r e n c es s h oul d e i t h e r be g r ouped at t h e e n d of eac h wo r k o r bei n se r ted as foot n otes , i s a cou n se l of pe r fectio n so lo n g as t h e cost o fp r i n t i n g r ema i n s a t t h e p r ese n t l e ve l . — T . A. S .


TH E JOURNAL or Bomxx

(Nov . 28 , 1790 ) Ll oyd w r i tes t h at G r i ffi t h h ad “ s pe n t so m e ti m et h i s a utumn a t Llanberris a n d h ad m ade a ve ry fi n e a n d ple n t ifu lcol lec t io n now i n h i s ga r de n . The B ulbocodi u m b lo s so m ed i nG r iffi t h ’ s ga rde n last m o n t h a n d t h at spec ime n was pe n ta n d r ia a n dpe n tape ta l o us , and i n stead of be i n g ‘

extus squal ide ruben te’

[a sIt ry h ad desc r ibed i t] t h ey are v iridente, a n d the g r ee n st r ipe dow nt h e m iddl e of t h e peta l of a de ep co lou r

,s o t h a t h e t h i n k s a l l t h e

s pec i m e n s w e h a v e see n h a ve bee n blo sso m s of t h e yea r p r eced i n g t h a tw h e n t h ey w e r e c ol l ected . He fou n d i t at Trigoylchon (T r ig -

yfylchan) a n d i n two ot h e r place s (Ba n k s Co r r . v i i .I t does n ot see m t h at G r iffit h e ve r e n te r ed i n to i n t i m a te r ela ti o n s

w i t h Ba n ks— t h e o n ly l ette r f r o m h i m i n t h e Ba n ks ia n Co r r espo n de n c e

(x i i i . 20 4) dated July 12t h [1802] i s c ouc h ed i n fo rma l te r m s a n dhas n o co n n ex io n w i t h bo ta n y— it i s c o n c er n ed w i t h h i s d i sco ve rybeyo n d a l l doubt t h a t t h e s h e l l -fish ca l l ed t h e Pe r iw i n k le i s o n lyt h e fi r st sta te of a s m al l spec i es of Lo bste r — a disco ve ry w i t h w h i c hI t h i n k I s h a l l a s to n i s h t h e w o r ld .

” I t m ay be w e l l to co r r ec tthe dates a ss ig n ed to G r i ffit h in t h e B iograp hica l Index— fo r

fl . 1783 b . 1763 , d . 1834 s h oul d be subst itu ted .

I f w e m ay assu m e , as se e m s pro bab le , t h at t h e G r iffit h who a cteda s gu ide to B r ew e r i n h i s u n s ucc es sfu l sea r c h fo r L l oydia i n 1827a n d t o R i c h a rd so n a n d S h e ra r d i n t h e i r ea r l i e r a n d suc ces sfu l exped i ti o n i n 1700 was t h e fat h e r of J . W . G r iffi t h , w e m ay r ega rdJ . “7. G r iffit h ’ s e n t h u s ias m i n bo ta n y h e r ed i ta r y . The pla n t h adbee n d i s co ve r ed by Edwa r d L loyd i n o n e of his ea r l ie r j ou r n eys i nWa le s a n d

,a s has bee n sa id , was fi r s t desc r ibed by Ray (f r o m h is

s pec ime n s ) i n 1696 ( Sy n . ed . 2 , 233 ) Lhwyd accompa n i ed R i cha rdso n in 1700 . Spe c i m e n s f ro m t h e latte r a r e i n Buddle

’ s h e r ba r i u m

(xxv . f . 30 ; He r b . Sl oa n e 124 ) a n d i n Pet iver’

s Hortus S ic c u sA n gl ic u s (He r b . Sloa n e ' 152 , f . t h e latte r i s acco m pa n i ed bythe fol l ow i n g n ote i n R i c h a rd so n

’ s h a n d : B u lbosa al pi n a junc ifol iape r i ca r p io u n i co e rec to i n summo ca u l i cu l i dodrantal is R . S . 233 . I nt h e yea r 1700 w h i c h w as t h e fi r s t t i m e t h at I e ve r saw t h e Wel shm ou n ta i n s

,be i n g i n M r . Lhwyd

’

s co m pa n y w e fou n d se ve r a l ] pla n tsof i t i n fl ow e r u po n t h e s ide of Trigvulcaugh be i n g t h e firs t t i m e w esaw i t i n fl ow e r w h i c h was i n t h e begi n n i n g of Ju n e , i t i s v e ry diffic u l t to fi n de un les i n fl ow e r a s I h a ve s i n ce se ve ra l t i m e s expe r i e n ced ,n o t be i n g abl e to finde o n e r oot o f i t t h oug h I a m certa i n e t h e r ew e r e severa l l w h e r e I w as t h e flow e r w h e n f r es h i s n o t u n l i ke t h atof T rif

'

o l ifi acetosii [Oxa l is A cetose l l a] i n s h ape textur e s i zet h oug h t h e o uts ide of i t be of a pu r pl i s h co lou r e

,t h i s i s t h e o n ly

pla n t 1 h a ve l eft a n d bel ie ve I s h a l l n e ve r see a n ot h e r of t h e mun les I fetc h i t m y sel fe i n t h e t i m e of flow ring. M r . Lhwydh av i n g by h i s n a m e [gi ve n abo ve] n o t r educ ed i t to a n y ge n us ofpla n ts , fo r m y ow n sa t i sfactio n h a ve g i ve n i t t h e fol low i n g n amew h i c h you may retaine o r va ry as you m ay th inke co n ve n i e n t : O r n ithoga l um alpin i

'

i junc ifo l ii'

i h u m i le fl ore u n i co erec to i n tu s alboextus ad purpurefi te n de n te R . R i c h ar dso n .

” T h i s n a m e was al so commun icated to Budd l e w i t h t h e spec ime n s e n t to him by R i c h a rd so n .

I’et iver (E ngl ish H erba l , t . 67 , f . 1 ) figu r es i t a s

“ Lewyd’

s (sic )

LLOYDIA senor ixx 227

S n owdo n Bul b . I n R . Sy n . ed . 3, 3741 D il lenius p r i n ts a

n ote f r o m R ic h a rdso n i n w h i c h h e r efe r s to h i s fi n d i n g t h e pla n t i nL loyd ’ s co m pa n y a n d m od ifies h i s n ame a s fol low s : “ B ul boco di u mA l pi n um, pumi l um, juncifo l ium, fio r e u n i c o i n tus a lbo extus squa l ider ube n te . ” He co n t i n ues " Flos ci hexapetalus, p r o pla n tulae m odul om ag n us , figura m ag n itud i n e ad flo r am Lujulze nonnihil acceden s .

”

A r at h e r c h a r m i n g figu r e ( t . x v i i . fig . 1 ) ac co m pa n i es t h e desc r i pt io n .So m e accou n t of t h e 1700 expedi t io n w i l l be fo u n d i n R i c h a r d

so n ’ s u n dated lette r to S h e r a r d (R i c h a r dso n Co r r . p . 237 ) ass ig n ed byh i s ed i to r , Daw so n Tu r n e r , o n i n te r n a l e v ide n c e , to Ap r i l 1 , 1726 .

I n t h i s he desc r ibes t h e L l oydz'

a pla n t a s “ sp r i n g i n g out of t h enaked r ock s ”

; I b r oug h t several l bu lbs f r o m t h e n c e ; bu t t h eyw ou ld n ot flow e r i n m y ga rde n , b ut i n a yea r o r t w o d ie1 .

” T h el ette r w as i n te n ded , as Tu r n e r s uggests , “ to gu ide D il lenius a n dB rew e r a n d [L i ttl eto n ] B r ow n i n t h e to u r t h ey u n de r took a mo n t h o rtw o afte rwa rd s . T h i s i s m ade e v ide n t by t h e l ette r of D i l l en ius toR i c h a r dso n , w h i c h appea r s i n t h e Cor resp onden ce of L innaeus , i i .131— 143 , i n t h e c ou r se of w h ic h t h e fo r m e r t h a n k s R i c h a rd so n fo ryou r dir ec t io n s , w h ic h h av e p r o ved ve ry usefu l to us .

” T h i s l ette rco n ta i n s a n accou n t of t h e tou r i n c o m pa n y w i t h B r ew e r (who h ada l so see n a n d fo l low ed R i c h a r dso n ’ s d i r ec t ion s) w h ic h w as of t wom o n t h s ’ du r atio n . T h ey d id n ot succ eed in fi n d i n g L l oya

’z

'

a, a n dB r ew e r , w ho m ade tw o exped it io n s i n sea r c h of i t i n Ju n e a n d Ju lyof t h e fo l low i n g yea r was equal ly u n su ccessful . T h i s w e l ea r n f r o mt h e d ia ry of B r ew e r ’ s Bo ta n i ca l Jou r n ey t h r ou g h Wales i n th e y ea r1726 [1727] of w h i c h a t r a n sc r ipt by S igi s m u n d Bac strom, w h ic hmay fo r m the subj ec t of a futu r e n ote , i s in t h e D epa r tme n t o fB ota n y: F r o m t h i s i t w ould see m t h at R i c h a r dso n had j o i n ed t h eexped i tio n t h e passage r e lati n g to i t r u n s t h u s

“ July 10 . We w e n t to Trigfylchan w i t h M r . G r iffit h [subseque n tly m e n t io n ed as W . G r i ffi t h , a n d p r obab ly , a s has bee n sugges ted , t h e fat h e r of J . W . G r iffit h ] w ho was g uid e to Co n sol a n dM r . S h e ra r d a n d D r . R i c h a rdso n , to t h e place i n sea r c h fo r B ul bosa

,

but w e d id n ot fi n d i t, t h o’ D r . R i c h a rdso n says w e w e r e upo n the

ve ry r ock,be i n g ve ry da r k a n d w et w eat h e r ; G r i ffit h sa i d t h a t

h e ca r r i ed us to e ve ry plac e w h e r e the sa id ge n tle m e n w e n t a fte rpla n t s t h at day a n d i n part ic ula r to t h e plac e w h e r e he sayst h ey sea r c h ed fo r B ul bosa

,but our sea r c h t h i s day w as a s f r u i tl ess as

t h e i r s .” I t w ou ld see m f ro m t h i s t h at tw o sepa ra te pa r t i e s v i s itedt h e l ocal i ty ; D il lenius ( i n 1776) m e n t io n s 110 ot h e r co m pa n i o n t h a nB r ew e r , a n d t h e latte r c l ea r ly d id n o t ac co m pa n y R i c h a rd so n a n dS h e ra r d . I n a l ette r to B r ew e r , dated Dec . 20 , 1726 — t h e fi r st ofse ve n tee n i n t h e Depa r t m e n t of Bota n y , t h e co n te n t s of w h ic h a r esu m m a r i sed i n D r uce a n d V i n es ’ accou n t of The D il l enian H er

bar z’

a ,pp . l v i i i— l x i x— D il lenius r epo r ts t h at R i c h a rd so n ]

“ te l l st h at i t i s a ve ry h a rd m atte r fo r a n ybod y to fi n d t t h at does no t k n owt h e pa r t i c ul a r plac e exactly t h i s su ggests t h at the v i s it of S h e ra r da n d R i c h a r dso n m e n t io n ed by B r ew e r m ay h a ve bee n ea r l y i n 1 72 7 : t h em atte r i s of s m a l l impo r ta n ce , but i s m e n t io n ed 1est fu t u r e w r it e r ss h o u ld t h i n k t h a t i t h a s n o t bee n ful ly i n vest i gated . It mav be

u

228 THE JOURNAL o r nor an r

n oted t h a t a t a late r pe r iod i n t h e ce n tu ry R . A . Sal i sbu ry v i s itedt he l oca l i ty a n d fou n d t h e pla n t : i n t h e f r agme n t o f h i s G ener a ofP l an ts , publ i s h ed by J . E . G r ay i n 1866 , h e w r i tes (p . 52 ) Fo r tyyea r s h a ve e lapsed s i n ce I gat h e r ed a l i v i n g fl ow e r o f A nfl ze r icamse i

'

of in zun o n Mou n t S n owdo n — Sal i sbu ry d ied in 1829 ; h e add sa desc r i ptio n , f rom a d r i ed spec i m e n , w h ic h w i l l be fou n d i n a nampl ified fo r m ( i x . 881 ) i n t h e vo l u m es of Sal i sbu ry

’ s d r aw i n gs a n dMSS . i n t h e Depa r t m e n t of Bota n y ; t h e se a r e too l i ttl e k n ow n , buts h ould be co n s u l ted i n co n n ex io n w i t h Sa l i s bu ry ’ s w o r k , to t h e ca r eful n ess of w h ic h t h ey bea r abu n da n t testimo n y .

I n t h e cou r se of w r i t i n g t h ese n otes m y atte n t io n w as att rac tedto a fac t w h i c h

,so fa r a s 1 a m aw a r e , has h it h e r to escaped n oti c e .

T h e ge n us L l oytl ia i s u n i ve r sa l ly c i ted a s of Sal i sbu ry , w i t h a r efe re n c e

,a s i n Index K ewens is

,to T r a n s . Ho r t . Soc . i . 328

Sa l i sbu ry h e r e i n d icates t h e ge n us , w h i c h he bases o n “ An them'

camsero tz

’

n am, S m i t h i n E n g ] . Bot . n . 793 , c u m w i t h r efe r e n c es toL . Sp . Pl . ed . 2 , a n d to R . Sy n . ed . 3 , 374 . Afte r t h e passager ela t i n g to Wi l l ia m A l e xa n de r quoted abo ve ( p . 225 ) Sal i sb u ry co nt inues :

“ A s i t co n st i tutes a d i st i n c t ge n u s,I h a ve n amed i t afte r

t h e c e leb rated Edw a r d L lhwyd (sic ) E sq .

” bu t h e g i ves n od iag n os i s . I n t h e f ragme n t of T/ze G enera of P l an ts al r eady re

fe r r ed to— a w o r k w h i ch i n c ide n tal l y co n ta i n s a good dea l of i n te r e sti n g i n fo r m at io n — Sal i sbu ry fo r m s fo r i t a spec ia l sect io n of h i s O r d e rVera trew , w h ic h h e c h a rac te r i se s (p. 5 1 ) a s :

“ Sect . 3 . Stylus 1 .

Flo r es 1 - r i i v el r a r i s s i m e 2 . Must go to Bulbocodeae h a v i n g a t r ueB ulb p r o m i n e n t o n o n e s ide l i ke Co l c7zica ia ”— in T ra n s . Ho r t . Soc .

h e h ad spoke n of “ e xa m i n i n g t h e r oot , w h i c h i s n o t bu l bous but

e ve n i f w e r e poss ib le to r ega r d t h i s as a d iag n os i s,i t was n o t pub

l ished u n ti l 1866,n o r does h i s MS . desc r i pt io n co n ta i n a n y ge n e r i c

c h a r acte r .T h e fi r s t publ i cati o n of L l oyclia as a ge n u s see m s to be t h at of

L . Re ic h e n bac h in F l ora E xcarsom’

a (p . w ho , h ow e ve r , c i tesSa l i sbu ry as i ts aut h o r , r ig h tly d i sca rd i n g Sal i sbu ry

’ s spec ific n a m ea lpz

'

n a i n fa vou r of ser ot ina ,w h i c h L i n n aeus gav e t h e pla n t u n de r

An ther iczun . T h e date of t h e fi r s t sect io n of t h e F l ora (pp .

i s defi n itely g i v e n by Re ic h e n bac h o n t h e h al f- t i tl e to the compl etew o r k as 1830 ; but i t appea r s f r om a lo n g r ev i ew (pp . 273— 285 ) inF l ora fo r May 14 , 1830 , t h at t h e sec t io n was i s su ed i n tw o pa r ts ,to t h e fi r s t of w h ic h (pp . 14 54 ) t h e r e v i ew w as de voted . T h e seco n dpa r t ( pp . 55 i n w h i c h i s co n ta i n ed , i s r e v iew ed i n t h eL iz‘era tzu 'ber ick te of F l ora fo r 1832 (pp . 65 t h e date of t h eFl ora E x cnrsor z

'

a s ta n d s a t t h e h ead of t h e n ot ic e a s 1836— 3 1 .

T h at t h i s s eco n d pa r t w as publ is h ed la te r t h a n t h e fi r s t is e vide n tf r o m t h e l a s t pa rag rap h of t h e r e v iew of pa r t 1 a n d t h e date 18303 1 , w i t h t h at o f t h e r e v iew s uggests 1 831 as t h e yea r of i tsac tua l appea ra n ce . T h e ma tte r i s of so m e i n te r est

,fo r

,i n t h e e ve n t

of E l oy/ (Zia dati n g f rom 183 1,i t w ou ld b y a n tedated by N ee/mm

bo/lu 'ia /n of Lede bou r ( I‘l

l . A l ta i ca,i i . 36 w h i c h i s e stabl i s h ed

o n t h e sa m e pl a n t ; but i n v i ew of t he u n c e r tai n t y as to Re ic h e nh ac h ' s date , i t w ou ld be u n des i r abl e to make any a l te ra t io n of theaccepted n a m e fo r the gem



a l l t h e pla n ts w e r e gat h e r ed w i t h i n a s h o r t w al k i n g d i sta n c e of t h eI n c h n ada m p h Hote l , a n d a s h o r t v i s i t to Loc h I n ve r , about 14 m i l e sd i sta n t

,was rat h e r d i sappo i n t i n g f ro m a bota n i ca l po i n t of V i ew .

I am i n debted to M r . K n ig h t fo r a good dea l of ass i sta n c e i n p r epa r i n g t h e fo l low i n g l i st

, in w h i c h t h e spec ies ma r ked w i t h an

a s te r i sk appea r to be new v i c e -c ou n ty r eco rds fo r West Sut h e r la n ds h i r e

Conocep lza l amconicam (L . ) Du m . G lum Dub h .*P reiss ia quadra ta (Sc op . ) Nees . On t h e l imesto n e , c . f r .A neura ma l tg

'

fida (L ) D um. Sp h ag n u m bogs . —A . latgfions

Lindb. Moist peat n ea r I n c h n ada m p h .M e tzger ia f arce l

‘a (L . ) Du m . T r ees a n d r ock s . I t w as ve r y

co m m o n 0 11 1atl1e 1 d1y r ocks n ea r Loc h In ve1 , ofte n 0 .f1 . p a

bescens (Sc h ra n k ) Radd i L imesto n e c l iff s , I n c h n adamp h .D amontzer i (Hueb Genth . ) Lindb. Sh0 1e of

Loc h Assynt , 0 .f1 .

Gymnomitr inm concinnatam (Light f . ) Co r da Ben Fhurain , al t .ca . 2250 ft .

— G . obtusum (Lindb . ) Pea r s . a n d* G . crenul a tam

G ot tsche . Al l t Po l l a n D roighinn . G . adas tumNees . Nea r I n c hnadamph .

— * G . a lp inum (G ot tsche ) Sehiifn . va r . befer op byl lmnB e r n e t , Ben Fhurain .

*Jl[ arsnpe l l a a s ta lm‘a Sp ruce . Al l t Po l l a n D roigh inn , c .per .

*JI[ . F anck ii (Web . Mo h r ) Du m . G le n Dub h .— M emarginafa

(E hrh . ) Du m . Nea r I n c h n adamp h — "t ill . P earson i Sch ifin . Al l t

Po l l a n D roighinn .

— M aquat ica (Lindenb . ) Sch iffn . St r ea m i nt h e w ood by Loc h Assyut .— fi ll . S ul l ivan tii (De Not . ) E va n s . Al l t

Po l l a n D roigh inn .

*E aca lyx paroicus (Schiifn . ) Mac v . Nea r I n c h n ada m p h , e . pe r .H ap l ozia sp haerocafp a (Hook ) D um. Al lt Po l l a n D roighinn ,

c .per . cordtf o l ia (Hook ) D um. G l e n D ub h .

— H . r ipar ia

(Tayl . ) D um. On t h e l i m esto n e by t h e Tral igil l , G l e n Dub h , o .pe r .J ameson ie l la C’

arr ington i (Bal f . ) Schiffn . V e ry fine o n t h el ow e r s lopes of Ben Fliurain n ot u n co mmo n , but s m al le r o n Meal lan

L iat h Mo r at a n a l t . of about 1200 feet w i t h o t h e r Atla n ti c spec ies ."Anas trophyl l zun D on zanam (Hook ) S tep h . H ig h e r s lopes of

B en Fhuia in , n o t infi equen t lyw i t h pe1 ianths also 0 11 Meal lan L ia thM O 1 at a m uc h l ow e1 e le vat io n 0 11 a r at h er d i y sk r .ee

’x‘A nas t f ophyl l am Jo'

igensen ii Sch iffn . A few ste m s of t h i si n te r es ti n g pla n t w e r e fou n d in tu fts of A . D on ianam f i o m Ben

F hu1ain . I se n t so m e to M 1 . Mac vica1 , w ho sub m i tted t h e m toM 1 . Jo r ge n se n , a n d t h e latte r i epl ied I t m ust l eal ly , I t h i n k , be 0 111A . J07Pge izse lu i but i t 1s a consideiably la1ge1 f0 1m (compa r e Sc h i ff .Hep. eu 1 . T h e fo l low i n g i s a t ra n s la tio n of D 1 . Sc l1iffner so r i g i n al desc r i pti o n i n Hedw igia, Bd. x l i x . pp . 396 seqq

A nas/rop/zyl l zun Sch iffn . Tufts e r ec t , 15— 16 c m .

h i g h . Stems ge n e r a l ly s i m pl e,sle n de r bu t r i g id , black , almost

w i t h ou t r h izo ids ; lea ve s app rox imate ( smal le r a n d m o r e d i s ta n ti n t h e m o r e s l e n de r ste m s) subsecund ,

t ra n s ve r sely i n se r ted , pate n t ,a m pl e x ica u l a t t h e bas e

,co n ca ve

,m a rg i n s and apex m o r e o r l ess

i n cur ved , ofte n w i t h two i r r egula r ly lo n g itudi n a l fu r r ow s 0 11 t h e back ,

Hzmr rc s FROM WE ST sur lmamxo smna 23 1

f r agi le , t h e low e r lea ves b r ow n o r b lack i s h -b row n , t h e uppe r m o r e o rl e ss r edd i sh to almost ca r m i n e , b r oad ly co r da te w h e n flatte n ed out

,

la r ge r l eaves 1 m m . a n d m o r e lo n g a n d eq ua l ly b r oad ( s m al l e r l ea ves oft h e m o r e s le n de r s te m s 0 7 m m . lo n g a n d eq ua l ly b road ) , subco rda te a tt h e bas e

,apex b r oad w i t h a s h al low s i n us

,l obe s u n equal , r o u n d i s h .

Apica l c el l s about 12 p , lum e n s te l la te , i n te r st i ces a lmost equa lto t h e

,lum e n ( r a r e ly less i n c rassate a n d n ot co n s picuous ly s te l late ) ,

c e l l s of t h e m idd le o f the l eaf s i m i la r , but la r ge r , 18 l o n g,

14—15 11 b road , basa l ce l ls a lmost r ec ta n gu la r , m uc h la r ge r up to43 ft l o n g a n d 17 ,

u. b r oad , n odulose , i n c r assate in t h e a n gle s .I n flo r esc e n c e d io icous

, 9 te r m i n a l , ofte n w i t h i n n o vat io n s u n de rn eat h invo l uc ra l l eaves s l ig h tly la r ge r t h a n t h ose of t h e s te m a n di n o t h e r r espects s i m i la r , but m o r e co rdate at t h e base a n d t h e l obesu n equa l

,t h e latte r so m et imes s m al le r a n d s ubacute

,b r ac te o le abs e n t.

Pe r ia n t h up to 22 mm. lo n g, 6 m m . b r oad (ofte n l es s ) , cy l i n d r i ca l ,s ubt r iquet r ous above, bleach ed a n d pl icate - co n s t r i c ted at t h e m out h ,t h e r es t r edd is h -b row n , in t h e uppe r pa r t fo rmed of elo n gated , s ub roota n gula r al m os t equa l ly i n c rassate ce l l s, m out h p r o v ided w i th s h o r ti n c u r ved c i l ia , ofte n o f two s upe r i m posed c e l l s . Capsu l e u n k n ow n .T h e Sut h e r la n ds h i r e pla n t ag r ee s w e l l w i t h t h e abo ve des c r i pt io n

and w i th t h e s pec i m e n i n Sch iifner ’

s Hep. E u r . E xs . No . 4 23 so faras t h e ve ry c h aracte r i s t i c s h a pe of the l ea ves i s co n c e r n ed , t h oug h aspo i n te d out by M r . Jorgensen i t i s co n s ide rab ly la r ge r . M r . Macv ica r ,w ho has a l so k i n dly exa m i n ed and co m pa r ed i t , po i n ts o ut t h at i t i sa good deal la rge r a n d da r ke r i n co lour t h a n Sch iffner ’

s pla n t abo ver efe r r ed to

,but h e says t h at t h e r e i s l i ttle difierence ot h e r w i s e

, and h eadds t h at t h e m o r e conc ave f ragi le l eav es , o n ly abo ut as lo n g as b r oad ,a n d t h e usual ly r etuse o r e m a r gi n ate apex w i t h munded o r obtusel obes

,se ldo m subacute , a r e qui te d i ffe r e n t f ro m t h os e of A . D an i

anum.

” I t i s u n fo r tu n a te t h at t h e r e a r e n o pe r i a n t h s o n t h e S ut h e rlandshire pla n t fo r co m pa r iso n . T h e pla n t was a lways fou n d on

Ben Fhurain as a few ste m s i n te rmi xed in tufts of A . D an ia /mm,

b ut in No r way i t h as bee n fou n d in co n s ide r ab le qua n t i ty a n dofte n i n pu r e tufts .

Gymnocol ea ivgflata (Huds . ) D um. No t u n co mmo n .L ophozia, turbinata (Radd i ) Step h . L i m es to n e c l ifis .

— *L . ba

( lensis (G ottsche ) Sch ifin . 0 11 t h e l i m esto n e — L . M ue l l e r i (Nees )D um. By t h e Tral igil l i n the l ow e r pa r t o f G l e n D ub h , n o t 1111

comm o n a n d va r iable — "L . l ongidens (Lindb . ) Macou n “'

ood byLoch Assynt .

— L . inc isa ( Sc h rad . ) D um. O n G le nDub h .— L . F l oerkei (Web . &

“Mo h r ) Schiffn . B en Fhurain .— L .

gzu’

nquc’dcntata (Huds . ) Cogn . Ben Fhurain in tufts o f A ims /ro

p kg/Hum.

Sp leeno l obus minuh t s (C r a n tz) Step h . “'

ood by Loc h A ss y u t.

c .per.

— S . ovatus (D i c ks ) Sch iifn . T rees i n t h e w ood by Loc h A ssvn t ,

c .per.— S . exsec l zf or nnfs Breidl . Step h . Wood by Loc h A s sy u t .

A nastrepmo‘

rcadens is (Hook ) Sch ifl'

n . Not u n c o m m o n in t h ed ist r i c t .

P l agiocbila asp l enoides (L ) D um. He r e a n d t h e r e . but n o tco m m o n . sp inul osa (Dicks ) D um. Slopes o f ( 11115 Ben .

"P . puncmmTav l . a n d friden t iculuta Tayl . T r ees in the w oodby Lo c h Assyut .


L ep foscg/p lzus Tayl or i Hook . Mitt . Not un0 0 1nmo'

11 .4 —L .

l

ana

i

mains (Hook ) Mitt . \Vet peaty gro u n d , appa r e n tly ra r e .

—*L . cun e i

fo l ius (Hook ) Mitt . I n some abu n da n ce,m ostly o n F ru l lan ia

g row i n g 0 11 r oc k , i n t h e w ood by Loc h Assynt .

’x‘L op lw co l ea cusp idata Limpr . Wood by Loc h Assynt , c .per.

polyan t lzus Co r da va r . f ragil is (Rot h )K . M . Ma r s h y g r ou n d , G l e n D ub h .

*H'

a )ymn thus F l o tow ianus Nees . Bya st r ea m i n t h e uppe r pa r tof G l e n D ub h .

Saccogzyna w’

iicul osa (Sm. ) Du m . By a w ate r fa l l o n a st r eamf r om G la s Ben .

Cepha l ozia bicusp idata (L . ) D um. Comm o n , o . pe r . L ammersz

’

ana (Hub ) Sp r uc e . Wet peaty g r ou n d , c .per .

— 0 . p l eat icep s

(Au st . ) Lindb . va r . macran tka (Kaal . N i c h o l s . ) K . Mul l .Ma r s h y g r ou n d , r a r e , c .per .

— ”t 0 . L oiz‘l esbev'ger i Sch iffn . Amo n gSp h ag n um,

r a r e . 0 . media Lindb . Wood bV Loc h Assyn t . U.

l e ucan flm Sp r uc e . Nea r I n c h n adamp h .

fiV owe l l z'

a cur vzf o l ia (D i c ks ) Mitt . On m o i st peat .’X‘P r iono l obus s tr iatul us (Je n s ) Sch iffn . Ra r e

,M eal lan L ia t h

Beag , c .per.

.Hygrobie l l a l ax if o l ia (Hook ) Sp ruc e . I n a n d by the st r ea m i nt h e u ppe r pa r t of G l e n D ub h , so m et imes c .per .

Odom‘os cbz

'

s nm sp /mgn i (D i c k s ) D um. He r e a n d t h e r e 0 11

m oi st moo r s n ea r Inchnadampl1 . denudaz‘um (Nees ) D um.

va r . e l onga l umLindb . Wet g rou n d , M eal lan L i at h 1\’Io r,spa r i n gly .

’"B azzanz

’

a [ ricrenam(VVahl . ) Pea r s . G e n e ra l ly co m m o n i n t h ed i st r ic t — B . tr iangu l ar is Pea r s . Ben Fhurain

,spa r i n gly .

~— *B .

P earson i (Step h . ) Pea r s . Sk r ee 0 11 M eal lan L ia t h Mo r i n c ompa n yw i t h S capan ia n imbosa , Anasz

‘r oplzg/ l l um .Don ianum, Jameson ie l la

C’m'

rmf/ton i a n d o t h e r A t la n t i c spec ies . A fi n e fo r m a n d ra t h e rm o r e r obust t h a n t h e pla n t f r o m I r e la n d ; al so a m o n g A nas tro

p hy/Humo n B en Fh ura in . I h ave a l so see n t h i s spec i es f r o m BenA tta , G l e n coe , w h e r e i t w as ga t h e r ed by t h e l ate M r . W . West , a n di t i s poss i bl e t h at i t exte n ds o ve r a c o n s ide rabl e a r ea of t h e “fe st ofSc otla n d . I h ave see n i t co mmo n ly t h i s yea r i n G l e n Nev i s .

L epz’

dozin t r icho c l ados K . Mull . Moi s t peaty g rou n d i n t h e w oodby Loc h A ssy u t w i t h a few immatu r e pe r ia n t h s . Amo n g t h e o lde rstems a r e a n umbe r of oblo n g bod i e s of va r iabl e s i ze

,w h i ch a r e r ea l ly

s h o r t,sw ol l e n b ra n ch es . ofte n p r o v ided w i t h ve r y r ud ime n ta r y l ea ves .

T h ey appea r to fu n c t io n a s gemm ae, w h i c h are ra r e i n t h i s ge n u s andv c rv ra re of t h i s fo rm amo n g a l l Hepati c s .

B /ep /um'

os tonm l r ic/zop /q/Uum ( L. ) D um. Co m m o n a n d n oti n freque n tl y e . pe r . i n t h e w ood by Loc h A ss y ut..

A MI/10 1mju luce fl ( L . ) D um. Commo n o n w et sto n y g r ou n d .

”"Hm-/mr l a D i c ks . ) G ra y . Ben Fhurain a t abou t2 0 00 feet , w e l l 111a rked . H ut ch /w ife (G o t t sche) E va n s . M o r ege n e ral l y d i s t r i buted in t h e d i st r i c t , but a t low e r e le va t io n s t h a n1 1 . ful l /um . T h ese t w o spec i es are careful l v di st i n gu i s h ed

,a n d val id

r ea so n s are gi v e n fo r co n s ide r i n g t h em d i s t i n c t by D r . A . W . E va n s,

of Ya l e Uni ve r s i t y , i n h i s“ No te s o n t h e G e n u s f f e r l/e r /a (Bul l .

To r r e y Ho t . C l ub , 10 1 7 , pp . 191 A 11 abst ra c t of t h i s pape r,so


231 TH E Jov ns u . or BOTANY

"Co l o lejennea cal carea (Lib ) Schiffn. L i m esto n e r ocks by t h eT ral igil l .

— *C . microscopica (Tay l . ) Schiffn . Mois t r ocks i n t h ew ood byLoc h Assynt .

L ejeunea ca vtf o l e’

a (E hrh .) Lindb. Nea r I n c h n adamp h a n d Loc hI n ve r , commo n , c .per.

— L . patens Lindb. Wood by Loch Assynt

a n d by a st r ea m n ea r Loc h I n ve r, c .per .

"D repano l ejeunea haumnf o l ia (Hook ) Sch iff n . Moi st r ock s i nt h e wood by Loch A ssyu t w i th Radul a — *F 1

'

ul l an ia ger

mane Tayl . B i r c h - t r ees i n t h e w ood by Loc h A ssyut, i n la r ge w e l lde ve loped tufts , c .per.

— F . Tamar isci (L . ) Dum. Co m m o n , e .pe r .E fl

'

ayil if o l ia Tayl . Moist r oc ks,G las Ben .

WILLIAM BARCLAY

( 1846

B RIT I SH Bota n i sts ge n e r al ly a n d Scott i s h Bota n i s ts i n pa r t i cula rw i l l de eply r eg r et t h e deat h of Wil l ia m Ba r c lay w h ic h oc c u r r edsudde n ly at h i s h ome i n Pe r t h o n t h e l oth of May .

Bo r n a t Tu l loch ,n ea r Pe r t h , 0 11 19th Ma r c h , 1846, he w as t h e

s eco n d o ldest of a fa m i ly of s i x,of w h o m tw o w e r e so n s a n d fou r w e r e

daug h te r s . He r ec e i ved h is ea r ly educatio n a t t h e Nat i o n a l Sc h oo lin t h e “ Fa i r C i ty ” t h at w as h i s n at i ve tow n , a n d i n w h i c h h e was

dest i n ed to spe n d t h e g r eate r pa r t o f a. l o n g l i fe . C h oo s i n g teac h i n ga s h i s p r ofess io n , h e sew ed , as 11 as the cus to m in t h ose days

,h i s

a pp r e n t i ce s h ip 111 one of t h e c i ty 5 sc h ool s , a n d w h e n e i g h te e n vea 1 s o fa ge h e pi oceeded to t h e C l1 1i1c h of Scotla n d Tra i n i n g College inE dinbmgh ,

h a v i n g ga i n ed fii st place i n t h e e xa m i n atio n qual i fyi n g fo r e n t ra n c e .

0

0 11 t h e co m plet io n of h i s t1 a i n i n g i n E dinbmghhe

n

was appo i n ted to G leminnes Sc h oo l 111 Banffshi1 e , 11 here h er e m a i n ed fo r fu l ly five yea r s . I n 1871 h e r e tu r n ed to Pe r t h asH eadmaste r of Wate r gate Sc h ool , r e l i n qui s h i n g t h at c h a r ge 0 11 h i sa ppo i n t m e n t in 1884 to t h e Head m as te r s h i p of t h e new Weste r nD is t r i c t Sc h oo l

,w h e r e h e r e m a i n ed u n t i l h i s r et i r e m e n t i n 19 11 , aft e r

h a vi n g bee n ac t i vely e n gaged i n t h e teac h i n g p r ofess io n fo r fo r ty - five

yea r s . Du r i n g t h at pe r iod , as m a n y ca n test ify , n o t h i n g but s uc ces sa tte n ded h i s sc h o last i c w o rk As a p r o m i n e n t educat io n a l is t h e w asw el l -k n ow n — a Fel low of t h e Educat io n a l I n s ti tute of Scotla n d a n dfo r a co n s ide r abl e t ime Sec r eta ry and T reas u r e r of t h e Pe r t h sh i r eB ra n c h . Deepl y i n te r es ted i n all t h a t c o n c e r n ed t h e w elfa r e of t h eco m m u n i ty of w h i c h h e w as a membe r , h e u n g r udgi n gl y de votedm uc h of h i s t i m e to h e lpful soc ia l wmk co n n ec ted w i t h h i s tow n .He acted fo r m a n y years a s a D i r e c to r o f Pei th R0 1 al Infiimarv ,

a n d se r 1 ed as Co n ve n e r o f t h e Books Co m m i tte e o f t h e Sa n de m a nPubl i c Libraiy f r o m t h e date of i ts ope n i n g . He was a n ac ti vem e m be r , al so , of the Pe r t h s h i r e Ho r t ic ul tu r a l Soc iety .

Res ide n c e i n Pe r t h b roug h t Ba r c lay u n de r t h e i n flue n ce ofD r . Buc h a n a n W h ite , w ho , d u r i n g t h e la s t t h irty o r fo rty y ea r so f t h e n i n e te e n t h c e n tu ry, w as t h e m a i n sp r i n g of a l l t h a t pe rta i n edto t h e stud y of t h e Natu r a l H i s to ry of Pe r t h s h i r e— t h e gu ide a n d

W ILL IA M macmr 235

i n spi r e r of t h at s m al l ba n d of w o rke r s who set t h e m se l ves t h e ta sk ofi n vest iga ti n g t h e flo r a a n d fau n a of t h e p r e m ie r cou n ty of Scotla n d .

Wit h t h i s a i m . in v i ew , t h e Pert h s h i r e Society of Natu r a l Sc i e n c ewas fou n ded i n 1867 , a n d few s m a l l soc i eti e s ca n boast so f ruitfu la r eco rd of w o r k of o ve r fi fty yea r s . T h e c h ief bo ta n ica l outco m e o ft h e Soc iety ’ s labou r s w as The F l ora of P er thshire , publ i s h ed i n1 898 . Bot h i n t h e c ol lec t io n of m ate r ia l a n d in t h e p repa rat io n oft h e w o r k fo r publ icatio n Ba r c lay was i n t i m ate ly assoc iated w i t h t h ea ut h o r a n d w i t h t h e late P r ofesso r J . W . H . T ra i l , i n to w h ose h a n dsfe l l t h e edi t i n g of t h e vo lum e . But t h e appeara n ce of t h e cou n tyF lo r a w as n ot a n e n d i n i tsel f . T h e w o r k of t h e Soc ie ty c o n ti n ued

,

a n d fo r twe l ve yea r s Ba r c lay was r es po n s i b le fo r t h e pub l icat i o n ofit s Transact ions and P roceedings , r et i r i n g f r o m t h a t duty o n ly tofi l l t h e m o r e a rduous o n e of t h e p r es ide n tia l c h air— an offic e h em a i n ta i n ed w i t h co n sp icuous ab i l i ty a n d success

’

fo r e le ve n yea 1s ,

r es i g n i n g as r ece n tly as 1918 . Du r i n g h i s lo n g assoc iat i o n w i th t h eSoc i ety be co n t r ibuted n u m e r ous pape r s to i ts p ubl icatio n s

,a n d i t w as

typ i ca l of t h e m a n a s a w o r ke r t h a t w h e n h e h ad p r epa r ed so m etec h n i ca l co m m u n icat io n — usua l ly exc l u s i ve ly bo ta n i ca l— a s h i s P r es id e n t ia l Add r es s h e w ould a sk it to be take n as r ead a n d w ou l d t h e ndel i ve r a n il l u m i n at i n g accou n t o f so m e m o r e ge n e ra l topic— n o ti n f r eque n tly dea l i n g w i th t h e h i sto ry of h i s n at i ve c ity

,a subj ec t

o n w h i c h h e w as r ec og n i sed a s n o m ea n aut h o r i ty .

I t w as n atu r a l t h at Ba r c lay ’ s bota n i ca l w o r k s h ould ce n t r e m a i n l yo n the flo r a of h is own cou n ty ; it s w ood a n d gle n , m ou n ta i n a n dm oo r , r i ve r a n d loc h p r o v ided a m ple a n d va r i ed g r ou n d fo r t h ee n t h us iasti c w o r ke r h e was, a n d n o m o r e del i g h tfu l a n d h el pfu lco m pa n io n i n t h e fie ld cou ld o n e des i r e to m eet . He k n ew Pe r t h s h i r ew el l , a n d m a n y a bota n i s t f r o m ac r os s t h e Bo r de r soug h t h i s gu ida n ceto t h e stat io n s fo r some of B r i ta i n ’ s r a r es t pla n ts .I n h i s co u n tle s s exc u r s io n s Ba r c lay m ade d isco ve r i es w h i c h added

g r eat ly to our k n ow l edge of t h e l oca l d i st r i but io n of pla n ts w i t h i nt h e cou n ty . An i m porta n t pape r was “ Add it io n s to t h e L i s t o fPe r t h s h i r e Pla n ts s i n c e t h e Publ i cat io n of D r . VVh ite ’

s‘Flo ra

,

’

publ is h ed i n P r oc . Pert h . Soc . Nat . Sc i . 1912 . So m e of h i s fi n ds w e r eof cou r s e of i n te r es t to bota n i sts beyo n d t h e bou n ds of Pe r t h s h i r e : h i sd i sco ve ry of P oa pa l as l r is i n 1889 i n t h e m a rs h es of t h e R i ve r Tuybe low Pe r t h co n st i tuted a n add itio n to t h e B r i ti s h Flora ; P o tamo

geton venus tus Baagoe, fou n d i n t h e R i v e r Ea r n i n 1915 , p ro ved tobe t h e fi r s t B r i t i s h r eco r d fo r t h i s ra re h yb r i d po n dw eed w h i l e i nt h e fo l low i n g yea r h e added a sec o n d Scott i s h s tat io n a t Loc h Moraigfo r P . yracz

’

l is Wo l fg.

I t w as n ot , h ow e ve r , t h e m e r e fi n d i n g a n d t h e c ol l ec t i n g of pla n t st h at i n te r ested Ba r c lay , al t h oug h t h e s e h e e n j oyed as t h e rewaid o fm a n y a lo n g t ramp o r to i l so m e c l imb , bu t i t w as t h e u n de r l y i n gp r oblems of d i st r i butio n t h at fasc i n ated h i m . T h e r e i s ev ide n c e oft h i s i n h i s ea r ly pape r s w h ic h dea l w i t h t h e tloras of se veral r e st r i c teda r eas i n h i s ow n i m m ed iate n e ig h bou r h ood . Catalogu i n g i n 188 7t h e flow e r i n g p la n ts of the “ Woody I sla n d, a s m a l l i sla n d in

t h e Tay abo ve Pe r t h , h e sa y s : Not h i n g has st r uc k me m o r efo r c ibly i n d raw i n g up t h e l i s t of the \Voody l sland F leia t h a n the

THE " JOURNAL o r noranr

impo r ta n c e of “

the pla n w h i c h was i n augu r ated las t yea r oft h o r oug h ly exami n i n g a n d r eco rd i n g t h e flo r a of a compa rati velyl imi ted loca l ity . 1 11 t h i s way n o t r a r i t ies o n ly a r e n oted , but , w h a t i smo r e l i ab le to be o ve r looked o r n eglec ted , t h e p r ese n ce o r abse n c e o ft he c ommo n e r pla n ts i s fo r c ed upo n t h e atte n tio n of t h e e n qu i r e r .Suc h r eco rds w i l l n o t o n ly se r ve as gu ides to loca l s tude n ts a n d asa ut h e n t i c tes timo n i es to w h i ch r efe r e n ce ca n be made i n t h e futu r e

,

but,as i t i s o n ly i n t h i s wayt h at t h e la r ge r d is t r i c ts ca n be t h o r oug h ly

a n d sys te m at ical ly w o r ked out, t h ey w i l l p r ov ide a body of factsw h ic h w i l l h e l p to t h r ow l i g h t upo n ma n y da r k q ues tio n s co n c e r n i n gt h e d i s t r ibutio n o f s pec i es , q ues t io n s w h ic h a r e at p r ese n t bu t l i ttl eu n de r s tood

,a n d to t h e so l utio n of w h ic h n atu ral i sts a r e as yet b ut

s low ly g r op i n g t h e i r w ay.

”D u r i n g h i s lo n g r es ide n c e i n Pe r t h the

ba n k s of t h e Tay as fa r a s Woody I s la n d ”w as o n e of h i s fa vo u r i te

w alks , a n d t h e r e ,' as e ls ew h e r e

,h i s eye was e ve r ope n fo r t h o se

c h a n ges i n p la n t - l i fe w h i c h are co n s ta n tly tak i n g place .

But u n doubtedly i t i s by h i s co n t r i but i o n s to our k n ow l edgeof B r i t is h r oses t h at Ba r c lay i s best k n ow n to a w ide c i r c l e ofbota n i ca l f r i e n ds a n d co r r espo n de n ts . U n t i l h e syste m ati cal ly too kup i ts s tudy , ve ry l i ttle w as k n ow n about t h is c r i t ica l ge n u s a n d i tsd i s t r i bu tio n in Scotla n d . T h e h y b r id fo rms i n te r ested h i m espec ial ly,

a n d in A n n . Soc . Nat . H i s t . a r e n ume r ous n otes on t h e o ccu rr e n ce of R osa z

'

n vo l nz‘a Sm. ,

R . h iber nz’

ca S111 . , a n d o ther p imp ing/11'

f o l ia h yb r ids i n d i ffe r e n t pa r ts of Sco tla n d . Roses a lso fo r m ed thes ubj ec t of m os t of t h e n otes t h at oc cas io n al ly appea r ed f r o m h i s pe ni n t h e pages of t h i s Jou r n a l . T h e r a r e h yb r id p imp ine l l ifol ia xwabz

'

f/z'nosa w h i c h h e fi r s t d isco ve r ed i n Scotla n d at Caput h 111 1897

w as fou n d i n g r eate r abu n da n ce o n th e Hadd i n gto n c oast a n d r eco rdedin Jou r n . Bot . 1910 , 260 . I n t h e same vo l u m e h e desc r i bed (p . 332 )f ro m t h e sa m e l ocal i ty a d ist i n c t va r i ety of R . hibern ica w i t h o u tappe n d i n g a va r i etal n ame .

I t i s o f i n te r es t to r ecal l t h at i t was t h r oug h t h e i n t r oductio n o ft h e late S i r I saac Bay ley Bal fo u r t h at Ba r c lay e n te r ed i n to co r r espo ndence i n 18944 w i t h P r ofesso r C r épi n , of B r ussel s , o n e of t h el ead i n g co n ti n e n tal rhodo logist s at t h at ti m e . T h e ex c h a n ge ofspec ime n s w h i c h fol low ed , toget h e r w i t h t h e obser '

at ions C r épi n w as

abl e to offe r f r o m a w ide r fie ld of expe r i e n c e , e n abl ed Ba r c lay to dea ls y stemat ical ly w i t h h i s Sco ttis h m ate r ia l , a n d h e publ i s h ed t h e fi rs to f h i s r es ul ts i n t h i s co n n ex i o n in A n n . Scot . Nat . H i s t . 1896 ,

u n de rt h e t i tl e “ Notes o n Scotti s h Roses .

”One fo r m of t h e R . cor /7

/'

o l [a agg r egate pe r plex ed h i m , as i t al so d id C r epi n , a n d o n ly afte rl o n g a n d pati e n t study did h e publ is h a n accou n t of i t u n de r t h e n ameo f R . s ubcor ié/ol ia . T h e des c r i ptio n i s gi ve n i n F u r t h e r Notes o nSc o tti s h l iosos (op . c it . T h i s

,so fa r a s the w r i te r i s awa r e

,

i s the o n ly n ame of w h ic h Ba r clay i s t h e au t h o r , and amo n g t h osew ho w e r e espec ia l ly i n te r es ted i n t h e ge n us t h e pl a n t p r ovoked ac e r ta i n a m ou n t of d isc us s io n i n w h ic h t h e a ut h o r h eld h i s g r ou n dw i t h c h a rac te r i s t ic te n ac i ty , 111aintain ing to t h e e n d t h at h i s spec i e sw as d is ti n c t f rom anyof t h e ea r l ie r desc r i bed fo r m s to w h ic h somesoug h t to r e fe r i t . Had i t bee n h i s i n c l i n at i o n to c r eate n ames

,h e

c ou ld h ave do n e so , as h e ofte n to ld m e , w i t h g r eat ease , fo r t h e


238 THE JOURNAL or normr

PE HRIA, NO M . nov .

B r T . A . SPRAGUE , B .Sc .,F .L .S .

D R . REND LE h a s s h ow n (p . 115 ) t h at G r is l ed L . ( 1753 ) i s t h eea r l i es t n a m e fo r t h e impo r ta n t t r op ica l ge n us Combrotzim Locfi.

Al l bota n i sts w ho accept t h e p r i n c ip l e of n omina con

ser oata w i l l doubtle ss ag r ee t h at Combre tum s h o u ld be added to t h el i s t, but t h e case fo r r e tai n i n g t h e n ame G i

'is l ea fo r t h e ge n us ofLyt li raceae w h i c h usual ly hears it does n ot se e m so co n v i n c i n g . I fLocfling h ad gi ve n the n a m e i n depe n de n tl y to t h e Lyt h ra c eous s h r ubw h ic h h e d i sco ve r ed i n V e n ezuela , G r is-l ea, Locfl . w o u ld a uto m atical lyb e adopted u n de r I n te r n a tio n a l Rul e s (Art . 50 ) as soo n as G r iel ea L .

w as t r eated as a nomen reject iim. But Locfl ing m us t h a ve k n ow n oft h e e x i stenc e of G r is l ed secunda L .

— he h ad t h e Spec ies P l an tamimw i t h h i m in V e n ezue la , a n d r efe r r ed to i t a s h i s o n ly vade - m ec u m sofa r a s s pec ie s w e r e co n c e r n ed ( I te r , a n d it i s i m p r obabl e t h ath e w ould h a ve k n ow i n gly appl ied a L i n n ea n n a m e to a d i ffe r e n t pla n t .He appa r e n tly ide n t ified t h e Lyt h r aceous s h r ub as G r is l ed f r o mL i n n é ’ s d iag n os i s in t h e Genera P l on tarzim, a n d t h oug h t i t des i rabl eto supply a new a n d m o re co m plete desc r ip t io n , i n c l ud i n g a n accou n tof t h e f ru i t a n d seeds .T h e o n ly m ea n s by w h ic h t h e n a m e G r is lea coul d be r eta i n ed fo r

t h e ge n u s of Lyibmceae, w i t h w h i c h Loefling e r r o n eous ly ide n tified i t ,w ou ld be to put Gr is l ed Locfi. o n t h e l i st of n omina conser vam.

B ut except io n s to r ul es a r e justifiabl e o n l y w h e n a st r o n g case ca n bem ade out fo r t h e m ; a n d to co n se r ve a n e r r o n eous n a m e fo r a m o n otypic ge n us w oul d , in m y op i n io n , te n d to p r ejud i c e t h e c h a n c es ofge n e r a l accepta n ce of t h e p r i n c ip l e of nomina con ser vata . A new

n a m e is t h e r efo r e r equi r ed fo r G r is l ea Loefl ., n on L i n n . as

G r is l eya Po st et Ku n tze i s m e r e ly a n o r t h og r ap h i c va r ia n t . T h ege n us m ay acco r d i n gly be k n ow n a s PE HRIA i n c o m m e m o rat io n o fPe h r Locfl ing,

who w as t h e fi r s t to d isco ve r a n d desc r ibe i t .PE K E IA ,

n o m . n o v . G r is l ea Loefl . I te r , 245 ( 1758 ) L i n n . Syst .

ed . 10 ,i i . 999 ; Gen . P] . ed . 6

,189 Koe h n e i n E n gl . Jahrb . i i i . 343

at i n E n gl . Pfianzenr . Lythrac . 244 ; 720 76 L i n n .

P . CO M PACTA (B usby ) c o m b . n o v .

— G r is l ed oomp acta B usby,B ese r . N . Sp . S . Am. PI. 68 G . secumla Locfl . l . c . ;

H . B . K . Nov . G en . v i . 185 ; Koe h n e , l l . cc . ; Rusby, l . c . ; non

L i n n .

H ub. V e n ezuela : n ea r Sa n Be r n a r d i n o (5 m il es f r o m Ba r c elo n a) ,L oefl iny; n ea r Ca racas o n t h e ba n ks of t h e r i ve r A n auco , 2760 f t . ,

H umbo ldt c t B onp l cmd ; Ca racas , L inden 10 ! B irscke l ! .Zlfwr ter !

Cockburn ! val l ey of Maca r ao , M oritz 1708 ! n ea r Co lo n i a Tova r ,Fendl er 5 19 ! V e n e zue la , F un ck c i S ch l im 307 ! La G uay ra , V icto r i a a n d V a le n c ia (fide Koe h n e ) . Co lo m bia : Sa n ta Ma r ta , 200 ft . ,

H . H . Smith 1874 ! 1000 f t . , H . H . Smith 1 875 ! Sa n ta n de r ; n ea rO cafia ,

o n m ou n ta i n r idge in ope n su n n y plac es , 6000 ft .,

'

a l br eyer

641 Cu n di n a m a r ca ; Caqueza , 6000 ft . , Ti'iana ! (Hb. Kew . )

Tr imm 6 156 ! (Mus . B r it ) .

V e r n ac ula r n ame l ndiec ito (Ve n e zuela ) .

PE HRIA 239

I ca n fi nd n o c h a rac te r s by w h i c h to d i st i n gu i s h G r is/ea compa ctaRusby (Smi t h w h ic h i s a n exce l le n t m atc h of L i n de n 10 f r o mCa r acas . S m i t h 1874 , w h i c h D r . Rusby h a s n a m ed G . seczi nda ,

appea r s to be m e r e ly a b r oad - l ea ved fo r m of t h e sa m e spec i e s . T h ege n u s G r is l ed i s att r ibu ted by Koe h n e ( l l . cc . ) to Loetl . i n Ho r t .C l i ff. 146 at w h i c h date Loetl ing w as o n ly e i g h t yea r s old .

Appa r e n tly Koe h n e d id n o t s tudy t h e desc r i pti o n i n Ho r t . C l i ff . the

se n te n ce Racemus r a m os t erminans,s i m pl ex

, extrorsum fl exus ,l o n gi tud i n e fo l iorum, cui a ba s i ad apicem i n s ide n t n u m e r o s i flo r es

pedicel l is l o n g itud i n e calyc is , su r s u m uno versu fl ex i o m n es i sir r eco n c i labl e w i t h t h e Lyt h ra ceou s pl a n t ; t h e la tte r h a s ax il larycompound inflorescences much shor ter t h a n t h e lea ves

,a n d t h e

flowe r s are n ot secu n d .

FonssxfiL’

s HERBARIUM .

IN h i s book N a turforskeren P ehr For sskfil of w h i c h as h o r t n oti ce appea r ed i n t h i s Jounal fo r t h at yea r ( p . D r . Ca r lC h r i ste n se n p r o m i sed to gi v e a n i n dex to t h e F l ora fizzqyp t iacoarabicce (1775 ) t h i s was delayed o n ac cou n t of t h e cost of p r i n t i n g ,but i s now publ i s h ed i n Da n sk Bot . A r c h i v . vo l . iv . 11 . 3 1922 .

I n o r de r to pe r fo r m h i s task t h o r ou g h ly , D r . C h r i s te n s e n hasexa m i n ed Forsskfil ’ s He r ba r ium at t h e U n i ve r s i ty of Cope n h age n .

T h i s i s now k ept sepa rately , a n d co n ta i n s about 1300 spec i m e n s ; oft h e tota l n umbe r of pla n ts desc r ibed o r m e n t io n ed i n t h e F l ora ,

about500 are r epr ese n ted in t h e He r ba r iu m , i n c l ud i n g about 400 of t h e700 new spec i es t h e r e desc r ibed , bes ides n um e r ou s types of spec i e sfou n ded by oth e r bota n i sts , c h i efly by V a h l ( i n h i s Symbo l ce B o

tmi icce ) a n d Rot tbol l , 0 11 pla n ts col l ec ted by Forsski‘

il . His spec i m e n sh ad m a n y v i c i ss i tudes ; so m e se n t by h i m to Cope n h age n n ev err ea c h ed t h e i r d est i n a tio n a pa r ce l f r o m Suez a n d o t h e r s f r o m Constant inople w e r e l ost ; t h e pla n ts f r o m Ye m e n w e r e b r oug h t byN i ebu h r to I n d ia , a n d se n t t h e n c e to Cope n h age n , w h e r e t h ey w e ren o t u n pack ed u n t i l 1767 : “ i n 1772 t h ey w e r e r e m oved to t h e U n iv e r s i ty , a n d plac ed u n de r t h e ca r e of P r ofesso r Rot tbol l , w ho at o n c ebega n to desc r i be some of t h em, espec ia l ly t h e p eracece , b ut thebul k of t h e pla n ts w as n o t determinec I n 1916 D r . C h r i ste n se nu n de r took t h e reai rangemen t of FO i ssk i

'

i l’

s He r ba r i u m,a n d d i scove r ed

t h at numei ous spec i es 1 edesc 1 ibed by V a h l , i n c l ud i n g a l l t h e Com

positao a n d P ap il ionaceae, w e r e m i ss i n g ; m ost of t h ese , h ow eve rw e r e fou n d i n t h e G e n e r a l Hc i l iai ium of t h e Un ive1 sit 1 . I t maybe n oted t h at t h e Depa r t m e n t of Botan v co n ta i n s a la 1ge n umbe i o fFo 1 ssk§ l pla n ts , w h i c h fmmed part of t h e Ba n k s ia n Herbai ium.

A m emo ra n du m by Robert B r ow n , dated Ma r c h 26th , 1808 ,ru n s

“ Fe i skael s pla n ts i n He1b . Ba n k s w e1e 1 cceived f i o m Fab1 ic ius,

t h e n a p r ofesso r at Cope n h age n , a n d 11 e1 e la id 111 bef0 1 e M 1 . D r1 a n de rca m e to E n gla n d Seve1al of t h e m h ave n a m es n ot to befou n d i n Fo rskael

’

s F lea , 11 h ie h M r . D iyandei supposes came 11 ith

t h e m as w e l l a s t h e s h o r t desc r i pt io n s w h ic h ac compa n y a few o f

2 10 TH E JOURNAL o r BOTANY

t h e m . A la r ge n u m be r , about 180 , m ostly ve r y s m al l spec ime n s ,and m a n y r ep r ese n ted o n ly by autog rap h labe l s , w e r e acqu i r ed w i t hNol te

°

s h e r ba r i um,w h i c h w as pu r c h a sed by t h e D epa r t m e n t i n 18 75 .

A n ot h e r n o te by B row n ( u n dated ) r u n s Forskae l’

s co lou r ed d r aw i n gsfo r 3 gui n ea s ; of t h i s M r . D ryander supposes t h e r e i s o n ly a n ot h e rcopy

,t h ey a r e pa i n t i n gs copi ed f r om the o r ig i n a l s of — t h e se n te n c e

n ot c omple ted,a n d t he d raw i n gs ca n n o t be t raced .

D r . C h r i s te n s e n ’ s r e v i s io n of t h e F l ora i s ve r y compl ete ; i tc o n veys i n l i ttle space i n d icat io n s o f t h e ex iste n ce o r n o n - ex i ste n c e. ofeac h s pec i e s i n t h e He r ba r i u m t h e a r r a n geme n t i s t h at of t h e F l orau n de r t h e n ames t h e r e g i ve n , fol low ed by s uc h sy n o n y m s as bea rupo n thenr and t h e mode r n n a m e of t h e s pec i e s ; t h e r e la ti o n of a l l

be i n g made c lea r ly a n exce l l e n t typog r ap h ica l a r ra n ge m e n t . I n t h eide n ti ficatio n w i t h mo r e r ece n t s pec ies

,A sc h e r so n , Sc h w e i n fu r t h , a n d

M usch ler h a ve , as a r ul e , bee n fol low ed .

“ My pu r pose ,” says t h e

a ut h o r,i s chiefly to po i n t o u t w h e t h e r Forsskal

’

s spec ies r ea l l y w e r eu n desc r ibed i n 1775 [t h e date of th e publ i cat i o n of t h e F l ora] , a n dt h e i r n ames i n co n seque n ce h ave c la im of p r io r i ty ; i n so m e cases Ih ave t h e r efo r e c r eated new co m b i n at io n s of n amesT h e c l ea r p r i n ti n g a n d a r r a n geme n t o f t h e r e v i s i o n r e n de r i t v e ry

co n ve n i e n t fo r co n s ul tati o n , a n d D r. C h r i s te n se n i s to be co n g r atu la tedon h i s u sefu l a n d i n te r esti n g w o r k .

SHORT NOTE S .

THE D ER IV AT ION or MERU LIUS . I n h i s r ev iew of t h e B r i t i s hM useum IIamlbook of the L arger B r it ish F ungi (p . 222 myf r i e n d M r . Ca r l eto n Rea co m m e n ts 0 11 t h e ado pt io n of t h e de r i vatio nof flIcru l ias f r o m mcru l a ,

a blackbir d,addi n g t h at F r i es ( Syst .

Myco l . i . p . 327 ) de r i ves i t f r om one/was , pu r e n omi n e ad Mo r

c h e l las (mez'

as— tute c ibarias ) deno tandas v eteres us i s u n t , hue t ra nsu l i t Hal le r . ” M r . Rea i n h is B rit ish B as idé omycetcc fol low s F r i es ,as do Bigeard a n d G uil lemin a n d o thers . On t h e o t h e r h a n d , Sac ca rdode r i ves t h e n ame f r o m M erula , p r ob . ob co lo r es fu n g i

,

” a n d i n t h i si s fol low ed by “7 . G . S m it h . T h e n ame M c rul z

'

as w as fi r s t usedw i t h m o r e o r l es s i ts p r es e n t s ig n ifica n c e by A . Hal le r , who i n h i sIl z

'

s tor ia S h'

1'

p izun indige no rumH e l vc f icc 1768 i n c l udes fou r spec i esin t h e ge n us— t wo of t h e m spec i es o f Oan tkar e l l as a n d t h e ot h e rt w o flf c ru lms freme l l osas— “ No m i n e m eo Jo h a n n es Bauhinus t

‘t

ioerhaav ius ad al i u m Fungum usi fueran t .

”Bau h i n a n d Boe r h aave

had bo th used t h e n ame fl l c r '

a l ias to s i g n i fy Mo r el s bot h,m o r eo ve r

,

i n c l ud i n g t h e same fou r spec ie s,t h e p r imum ge n us of t h e “ fu n g i

escul e n t i of C lusius . (Hal le r i n 1742 h ad used t he n a m e fo r o n e o ft h e se spec i e s of Mo r c h el la . ) T h e fi r s t use of t h e n a m e M er zzl ias i su sual ly a s si g n ed to J . Bau h i n , w ho i n h i s H is tor ia P l an tar zun 165 1( l ib. x l . Cap. 37 ) t r eats of

“ Fu n gus r ugosu s , vel cave r n osu s , sine

Me r ul i us n ige r do al bus .” T h e r e i s n e i t h e r h e r e n o r i n Hal l e r a n y

s uggest io n of t h e de r i vatio n of t h e n a m e , a n d 0 11 t h e face of i t t h e r eseems m o r e g r ou n d fo r Saccardo ’

s guess t h a n fo r t h a t of F r i es .A l t h oug h the m atte r s ee m ed o f l i ttle co n seque n ce

,i t appea r ed l ike ly


242 THE JOURNAL OF 130 1 1111?

159 ; 1902) but i t occ u r s a l so i n G r a n d Ca n a ry (Webb , Phytogr. i i i .169 ; P i ta r d et P r oust, Il es Canar ies , Flo r e , — T . A . SPRAGUE .

Os c a rs 11 1 110 11111 L . O n J u ly 21st w e had t h e good fo r tu n e tocome upo n a fine spec i m e n of t h e L i za r d O r c h i s 0 11 t h e o utsk i r ts o fa w ood n ea r Wye . T h e pla n t , tw o feet s i x i n c h es i n h e ig h t, w as i nf ul l b loom a n d co n ta i n ed o ve r 30 “ l i za rd s 0 11 t h e n i n e - i n c h sp i k e ;i t w as g row i n g i n a ta n gl e of p r i vet a n d b ra m ble . I u n de r sta n d t h att h i s i s t h e t h i r d spec i m e n of t h i s r a r e o r c h id t h at h a s bee n fou n d int h e As h fo rd a n d Wye di st r i c t t h i s sea so n — A . B . COBB E .

RE V IEWS .

P lan t and F l ower F orms S tudies of typica l Forms of P lan ts and

P lan t Organ s . ByESTHER J . Gr. K IRKWOOD . 8vo plates . 4 to .

S idgw i c k Jackso n Ltd . Lo n do n, 1923 . P r i c e 73 . 6d . n et .

M I S S K IRKWOOD has p r oduced a n o ve l a i d to the study of t h efo r m a n d l i fe - h i sto ry of a n u m be r of c omm o n flow e r i n g pla n ts . I n ase r i es of 80 plates s h e h as dep ic ted , fi r s t

,t h e i m po r ta n t featu r es of

t h i r ty - o n e pla n ts , r ep r ese n t i n g s i xtee n fami l i es ; t h e g r eate r pa r tof t h e plate i s occupi ed by a n a lyses of t h e flow e r a n d f r u i t , a n d t h eflo r al d iag r a m i s a l so i n c l uded . T h e n fo l low i n succ es s io n s e r i esil lust r at i n g types of pol l i n a t io n

,f rui t a n d seed -dispe r sal , ge r m i n atio n ,

a n d v egetati ve r ep roduc tio n . T h e r e a r e al so stud ie s of s i x fa m i l ia rt r ees , va r iou s types of sp i n es , a n d d iffe r e n t fo r m s of c l i m b i n g pla n ts .T h e studies s h ou ld p r o ve a boo n to t h e teac h e r of e leme n ta ry bota n yin sc h oo l s ; but t h e s tude n t s h ou ld n ot be al low ed to see t h e m — at a n yr ate

,u n t i l h e o r s h e h a s atte m pted to m ake a s i m i la r se r i es f rom t h e

ac tua l pl a n t . T h e r e i s a da n ge r t h at t h e d r aw i n gs m ay be a l l ow edto take t h e place of sketc h es m ade by t h e stude n t , th us se r io u slydi m i n i s h i n g t h e val ue of a n e l e m e n ta ry study of t h e l i v i n g pla n t .T h e text i s r es t r i c ted to expla n ato ry w o rd s a n d s h o r t pa rag r ap h s

i n se r ted w i t h t h e sketc h es . I n t h e t i tle s of the plates t h e aut h o r hasused m e r e ly t h e co m m o n n a m e ; t h e bota n i ca l n a m e m ig h t pe r h apsa l so h a ve bee n added . I n o n e case t h e co m m o n n ame i s bota n i cal lym i s lead i n g , n a m ely Smi l ax

,

”w h ic h i s t h e t r ade - n a m e fo r a spec i es

o f Asparagus .

T h e d raw i n gs a n d ex pla n ato ry tex t a r e v e ry cl ea r ly p r i n ted, a n dthe pape r i s sa id to h a ve bee n spec ial ly se lec ted to al low of t i n ti n g i nw ate r - colou r . T h e book , w h i c h i s i n e ve ry way at t ract l ve, h a s t h eadd it io n a l adva n tage of be i n g exc eed i n gly c h eap .

A . B . R .

P oisonous P lan ts of A l l Coun tr ies . By A . BERNHARD - SM ITH,l ate

House - Su rgeo n to Lo r d L i s te r , etc . Seco n d Ed iti o n, Cr . S vo ,

c lot h , pp . x i i,1 12 ; 185 figu r es i n tex t . P r i c e 63 . 11 . Lo n do n

Bail l iere, Ti n dal , Cox .

WE do n ot q u i te u n de r sta n d the obj ec t of th i s c u r i ou s l i ttl e book ,a n d t h e au t h o r does n ot e n l ig h te n u s . I t co n s i sts of s h o r t desc r i ptio n sof pla n ts , g rouped i n ac co rda n ce w i t h t h e i r e ffec ts , t h e ma i n d i v i s io n sbei n g i n to pla n ts ac ti n g o n t h e b ra i n , t h e spi n a l co rd , a n d t h e h ea r t ,fol low ed by i r r i ta n t poiso n s a n d spec ific i r r i ta n ts . T h e Lat i n n a m esa r e fol low ed by the E n gl i s h o n es ; t h e a ut h o r ac k n ow l edges his

PO I SONOU S PLANT S OF ALL COUNTRIE S

i n debted ness to M r . W . Mil le r “ fo r t h e m a n y c ul led f ro m h i sD ic t ionary of the E ngl ish N ames of P l an ts

”; as w e po i n ted out

w h e n n o t ic i n g t h at w o r k , M r . Mi l le r o m i tted to m ake a l ike ack n owl edge m e n t of his “ i n debted n e ss to t h e D ic t ionaryof E ngl ish P l an t

N ames, w h i c h h e la r ge ly app r op r iated . T h e r e i s a la r ge n umbe r ofsc ratc h y l ittl e figu r es “ r educed o n e -fifth : t h e M ic r o - Fu n g i a n dBac te r i a a r e m ag n i fied 500 d ia m ete r s . ”

To eac h pla n t a l i n e o r t wo of poet ry i s appe n ded . M r . Be r n h a r dS m i t h h a s e v ide n tly a w ide acquai n ta n c e w i t h t h e w o r ks o f t h e poets ,i n c l udi n g t h o se of A n on ,

” but i t i s d iffi c u lt to co n j ec tu r e o n w h a tp r i n c i pl e h i s ext rac ts a r e se lec ted . T h us to H e l l eborus f oet id iis i sappe n ded

Bel l e of the fo r est , eve ryw he re she dipsAn d dances p r ettilyand pout s her l ips .”

S h el ley ’s l i n e s

In the wa rm hedge g rew lush eglantine ,G r een cow -bind

,and the moon l ight coloured may

a r e pl aced u n de r Oicuta o ir osa, appa r e n tly becau se t h at p la n t i s cal l ed

cow -bane ;“ l o n g pu r ples co m es u n de r D igita l is

“ a n d to applyCow pa r sl ey sk i r ts t he haw tho rn hedge

to zE thnsa i s h a r d ly fa i r to Rossetti , t h e au t h o r of t h e l i n e . T h ebook m ig h t i n deed be e m ployed as a guess i n g ga m e w i t h m uc h succes swho could suppose t h at

Flow e r s that squand e rG o l d as go lden as the go l d of hives

c ou ld apply to E nphorbia p or t lan cl ica ? o r t h a t foul sta n de r g ra ssr el ated to S eder/n a l bmn ?

Misp r i n ts abo u n d , espec ial ly i n t h e appe n d i x of “ pla n ts r eputedpo i so n ous ” a n d i n t h e r e m a r kably ful l i n de x “ Ar ictas hyp og ;

fo r example,in w h ic h i t i s ditlicul t to r ec og n i se A rachis ,

“xE sca las

h ipp ocas tanezmn” a n d “ Adon is ammcn sis .

”As w e sa id at t h e

begi n n i n g,i t i s a cu r iou s l i ttle book , a n d w e do n ot see to w h om

it coul d be u sefu l .

BOOK -NOTES , NEWS , E '

rc .

ADV ANTAGE w as take n of t h e last day of t h e Oxfo r d Su mme rTe rm (Ju n e 23 ) fo r a pleas i n g U n i v e r s i ty fu n ct i o n i n r e m e m be r i n gto ce leb rate t h e '

l‘erc ent enary of t h e fou n d i n g of t h e O xfo rd P h y s i c

G a rde n (July 25 , S umme r r ef r es hme n ts w e r e p r ov ided byMagdale n Co l lege fo r a la r ge ga t h e r i n g Of d i st i n gu i s h ed guests

,a n d

speec h es app r op r iate to t h e occas io n w e r e del i ve r ed by t h e Ma r quessC u r zo n , Si r D a v id Prain , P r ofesso r Sewa rd , a n d t h e P r es ide n t o fMagdale n (S i r He rbe r t Wa r r e n ) . Lo rd Cu rzo n w ho p r es ided a sC h a n c e l lo r of t h e U n i ve r s i ty , expat iated 0 11 t h e del ig h ts of ga r de n i n gge n e ra l ly to t h e m a n of affa i r s , a n d S i r Dav id Prain co n t r i buteda d isse r tati o n o n . t h e impo r ta n c e o f t h e G a rde n i n the lusto ry ofbota n i cal sc i e n c e a n d it s mo r e cel eb ra ted be n e fac to r s a n d a l umn i ; t h i si s p r i n ted i n ful l i n the G ardnnc rs

’

Chr o n ic /c fo r J u ly .l~l . T h ep r ese n t Sherardian P rofesso r (S i r F r ede r ick lx

'

eeble ) a l somade a spec ia lappea l fo r new be n efact io n s . F romM r . R .

'

l‘. G u n t h e r

°

s ge n ia l l itt le

244! THE JOURNAL or B OTANY

v o l u m e o n Oxfoad G ai dens, o n e gat h e r s t h at t h i s Ga rde n i s not

U n i ve r s ity p1ope1 t) but 1s l eased f ro m Magdal e n Co l lege , w h ic h la r gelyr eta i n s co n t r o l

,a n d t h e P r es ide n t of Magdal e n emp h asi zed t h e foste r

i n g ca 1 e of p1evious h 0 1 ticul tu1al ly- i n c l i n ed Bu1 s .ars How e ve r , a sS i r Da v id Prain po i n ted ou t , t h e u n de r ly i n g m oti v e of t h e fo u n de r sw as t h e r e l ief of h uma n suff e r i n g a n d t h e poss i bl e se r v ice of h um a n i ty ,ra t h e r t h a n t h e c r eat io n of a pleasau n c e fo r aged U n i ve r s i ty do n s a n dn u r se m a ids a n d

,a s a n y fu r t h e r e n dowme n t w ould appea r but as a n

attempt to gi l d t h e Magdale n 1i ,i t i s qui te t i m e t h at t h e U n i ve r s i ty

c o n s ide r ed t h e adv i sabi l i ty of supply i n g i ts Sc h oo l of Bota n y w i t h ateac h i n g a n d expe r i m e n ta l ga rde n of its ow n

,m o r e i n touc h w i th

m ode r n ideas a n d r esea r c h .

TH E Thir ty-n in th A nnua l R ep or t of the Wa tson B otan ical

E xchan f/e C l ub ( 1922~23 ) co n ta i n s as u sua l nume1ous n o te s 0 11

e i it ical gene1a— n otably R nbus (by M r . Riddel sdel l ) , Smbns , E u

p h i asza , Sa l ix a n d Cc 7 ex— H iemcinni i s co n sp ic uous by its abse n c e ;bu t n ot h i n g t h at see m s to ca l l fo r quotatio n . M r . L i ttl e dese l ibesf r o m f r es h spec i m e n s a h yb r id E p il obium(E . pa l a str e Xpar viflornm)f r om He r tfo r ds h i r e . A n ote o n F icar ia w i l l s t r e n gt h e n t h e v i ewof t h ose w ho t h i n k t h at va r i et i e s ” a r e so m et i m es bas ed o n insufiic ie n t data

“ R . F icar ia va r . in cambcns Bab . Rat h e r poo r exa m ples ofa va r iat io n t h a t appea r s to be r a r e i n a n ext r eme fo r m Jas . W .

W h ite . I s h o u ld put t h i s u n de r type ; o n ly o n e l eaf o n m y spec ime nh as t h e lea ves sl i g h tly o ve r l appi n g . G . C . D [ r uc e] . I t m ay be sow h e n a l i ve , but t h e l eav es ( i n m y exa m ple ) i n t h e d i scomfo r t ofof be i n g p1essed h a ve sp r ead out t h e i r l obes a n d beco m e va r . diver

gens . C . E . S[almon l .

Tl1e1 e I S a plate of Cu czuni e ; iopho ; amsubsp. angl icani Pet raka pla n t w h i c h h as had t h e d i st i n c tio n of be i n g tw i c e figui ed but o fw h i c h n o desc r i pt io n h a s yet , w e bel i e v e , bee n publ i s h ed , to w h i c h w er efe r r ed o n p . 1 59 (w h e r e t h e spec i fi c n ame i s o m itted ) . We n otet h a t P aeon ia cor a l l ilaa is retained fo r t h e Steep He lm Peo ny ;Mi l l e r ’ s ea r l i e r n ame (P . niascn l a) i s adopted ,

'

w e t h i n k co r r ec tly ,in t h e Cambr idge B r itish F l ora— w hy, by t h e way, i s t h e E n gl i s hn ame a lw ays i n t h at w o r k spe l t Paeo n y We n ote t h at a c e rta i nn umbe r of E u ropea n pla n ts h a ve bee n d i st r i buted to t h e m e m be rs ,co n t r ibuted by va r i ou s bota n i sts . T h e Repo r t i s c h i efly ed i ted byM r . J . E . L i ttl e , w ho i s a l so r espo n s i bl e fo r t h e d i st r i but io n fo r t h eyea r ; t h e n umbe r of spec i m e n s se n t i n w as 2735 .

THE ea r l y publ i cat io n i s a n n o u n c ed of a n Ofi cia l Ca ta l ogue ofS tandau l ized P lan t N ames , w h i c h h a s bee n co m p i led a n d a11 anged

b y t h e Ame r ica n Jo i n t Co mmi ttee 0 11 Hmt icul tural No m e n c la tu r e ,w ho h a ve ent i usted t h e w e i k to a s ubco m m i tte e co n s i st i n g ofMess 1 s . E . L . O lmsted . F . V . Co v i l l e , a n d H . P . Kelsey ; P1 c f . L .

H . Ba i l ey 11a s a l so bee n c o n s ul ted . T h e Ca tal ogue , w e a r e told , “w i l l

be acc epted as t h e s ta n da rd aut h o r i ty fo r a l l dea l i n gs i n a n d c u r r e n tl ite ratu r e about pla n t s i n t h e U n i ted Sta tes . i t i s n ot offe r ed a sa new a n d d i ffe r e n t sc ie n tific svstem of no nw nc lature , but ra t h e r a s


2 16 THE JOURNAL or BOTANY

IN t h e Ir ish N a tura l ist fo r May,M r . H . N . Dixo n r ec o rds

t h e oc cu r r e n c e i n I r ela n d of P or ot r ichum angus t ifo l ium,h i t h e r to

k n ow n o n ly f rom a s i n gl e s tat io n i n De r bys h i r e . T h e I r i s h local i tygi ve n by t h e late Ca n o n Lett p r oves to be i n co r r ec t

,but a spec ime n

col l ec ted p robably i n A n t r i m i n t h e n e ig h bo u r h ood of G l e n a r i ff ”

t h e n ame of t h e local i ty o n t h e label i s u n fo r tu n ately il l egi b le— p r o vesto be t h e t r ue pla n t .

THE .New P lzytol ogis t (xx i i . 3 : July 31 ) co n ta i n s a n ote by t h eEd i to r o n “ T h e Teac h i n g of Bota n y

,

” i n t r oduc i n g a pape r by D r . F .

E . C le m e n ts 0 11 t h e same subj ec t f r om a n eco logica l s ta n dpo i n t ; a n d av e ry i n te r es t i n g pape r by M r . Cockay n e o n Hyb r id i s m i n t h e N ew

Zea la n d Flo r a M iss E . R . Sau n de r s wr i te s 0 11“ T h e Bractl ess

I n fl o r esce n c e of t h e Crucifer ce ( 1 a n d R . S n ow desc r ibes a napocarpic p la n t of Lychnis dioica ,

fou n d n ea r Exete r .

THE K ew B ul l e t in,n o . 6 1s al m ost e n t i r e ly occ upi ed by a n enume

r a t io n of t h e spec i es co n ta i n ed i n t h e tw o sets of Rehmann ’

s Sout hAf r i ca n m osses , is sued betw ee n 1875 a n d 187 7 a n d i n o r befo r e1 886 . No l i st of t h ese h as h i t h e r to bee n publ i s h ed ; t h e e n u m e r at io n i s a t ra n sc r ipti o n f r o m Rehmann ’

s label s , a n d t h e “ n . sp.

”

attac h ed to m a n y of t h e n a m es— w h i c h,u n l es s take n up a n d desc r ibed

e l sew h e r e , as i n d i cated i n ma n y i n sta n c es , are n omina n uda— repre

se n ts h i s v iew . I n No . 7 , M r . H utc h i n so n co n t i n ues h i s Contribu

t io n s tow a rd s a P h yloge n et i c C la ss ificati o n of Flow e r i n g P la n ts ,”

i n w h ic h t h e ge n e ra of A nonaceae (95 a r e r ec og n i s ed ) a r e dea l t w i t hw e h ope t h at a r r a n ge m e n ts h a ve bee n m ade fo r r e i ssu e of t h i s impo r ta n t se r ie s i n co l l ec ted fo r m . T h e n umbe r a l so co n ta i n s “ Notes0 11 Uppe r G u i n ea F lacour t iaceae, by Maj o r C h i pp , i n w h ic h tw o new

spec ie s— D asyl ep is br er ip edice l l a ta a n d S cot te l la Clzcnatier i— a r edesc r ibed . I n No . 8 , NV . A . Mi l la r d a n d S . Bu r r d i scuss “ T h eCausat i ve O r ga n i sm of Sk i n Spot of Potatoe s M i ss D . K . Hugh esw r i te s o n P aractoenumn o cw - ho l lan ( l ie — the spec i m e n to w h i c h she

r efe r s i s f r o m Robe r t B r ow n ’ s h e r ba r i u m ,w ho r ec e i ved i t f r o m Pa r i s

( i n H e r b . bl us . B r i t . ) — a n d o n Or thacn c a n d S trep tac line ; Majo rC h i pp r e v i ses t h e “l est Af r ica n spec i es of R inorea , a n d desc r i besse ve r a l new spec i es ; M r . Hutc h i n so n deal s w i t h t h e affinit v ofR hododendron micran thum.

THE B u l l e t in of the Torrey C l ub fo r J uly co n ta i n s a co n t i n uat io n of M . Lev i n e ’ s “ Stud i es o n P l a n t Ca n ce r s ,

” a n d O . Overhol t s

gi ves d iag n oses (w i t h plates ) of A m e r i ca n spec i es of P or ia .

IN .Nuovo G iorna l e B o tan ico l ta l iano (xxx . 1— 2 ; Jan—Ap r i l ) ,

A Ze n a r i p r ese n ts a seco n d co n t r i b utio n to t h e F lo r a of t h e ValCel l i n a ; G . C h io ve n da w r i tes o n t h e w o r k of G . B . B iadego o n t h eI tal ia n Flo ra ; C . Cappel l etti o n t h e h yme n i u m of Copr inus ; a n dT . P r o vas i 0 11 t h e Cec idii of t h e He r ba r i um C h i n e n se - japo n i c u m att h e I n sti tuto Bota n i co of Flo r e n ce .

T l l E B ul l e t in o de l l a S oc ieta bo tan ica Ita l iana (Ap r i l— Ju n e )co n ta i n s a n accou n t (w i t h figu r es ) of a r ema r kabl e a n omaly 111

A nemone sn lp lzurca by A . Barbiani a n d M . Mi n io ; E . Ba r sa h c o n

BOOK -NOTE S , NEWS , ETC . 21 7

t i n n e s h i s n o tes o n I ta l ia n Hepat i cae ; R . Pampa n i n i h as a longpaper

(w i th figu r es) o n A r temisin Ver l o fo rnm Lamotte ; a n d E . Mussaw r i te s o n t h e flo ra of t h e d i st r i c t k n ow n a s 11 Po Mo r to , w i thespec ia l r efe r e n ce to t h e occu r r e n c e t h e r e of H ippur is

NU M BERS 6— 8 (Ju n e—August ) of Os te r re ich ische B o/an ische

Zeitschr if t i n c l ude“ B lutenstande al s V ogelbumen ,

” by O . Purseh

(3“ H omogg/ne a n d A denos / l cs

”(1 A r is l o l och in

grandif l ora ,

” by H . Cammerleher (3 H . Ha n de l -Mazzett i h a sa supple m e n t to h i s mo n og r ap h of T amxacznn . Nos . 9— 10 fo r Sept .

Oc t . ( i t i s n ot ofte n t h at pe r i od ical s a r e a n tedated ! ) co n ta i n co nt inuat ions of pape r s o n t h e F lo r as of Ste ie r m a r k (K . Fritzch ) a n dObe r ste ie r m a r k (K . Re ic h i n ge r ) ; a pape r o n Rouma n ia n a n d Bulga r ia n F rax inus , by A . Lingel sheim ; and a u sefu l b ib l iog rap h y f r o mJa n ua ry .

THE B ul l e t in de la Soc . B ot . de F ran ce ( l x i i . n os . 3 , 4: 4 Ju n e )co n ta i n s t h e fol low i n g amo n g ot h e r pape r s : Su r l ’ insert ion fuso rialedes c h r omoso m es somat iques ,

”w i t h espec ia l re fe r e n c e to C

’

r ep is

v ir ens , by R . de Litardié re , w ho also r ev i se s t h e g r oup of c in cao vina subsp. a lp ine ; a co n ti n uat io n of P . G ue r i n ’ s pape r o n t h e c el lsof Ur ticacece ; t h e c o n c l us i o n of E Ma r n ac and A . Reyn ier

’

s Co n

t ributions a la fiore du Var”; Fo r m at io n des p igme n ts an tho

cyaniques ,” by R . Co m bes ; E uphorbiac é es n ouve l l e s (Ap orosa a n d

B accaur ea ) by F . G agnepain Su r l a zo n e h a lop h i l e e n P r o ve n ce . ”

by J . A ren es ; C ladoma n i e et cast r a t io n pa ras i ta i r e de R ese t/a

lutea ,by S . B uc h et ; a new fo r m ( va r . n ummn lar icef o l ia) of Fined

min or,by P . Fou r n i e r : t h e u sefu l R e vu e B i b l iog r ap h i que occup ies

80 pages .

THE Orchid Re view fo r August co n ta i n s a co n t i n uat i o n of a n

(u n s i g n ed) pape r on T h e Seg m e n ts of O r c h id F low e r s t w o of th e

spec ies n oti ced— B ul bophy/ l l um barbir/erum, a n d . l lfasdeml l ia muscosa— h a ve i n sp i r ed Mi ss J . H . A . H i c k s to bu r s t i n to so n gW h y

,

” i t i s ask ed of t h e latte r

W h y i s t h y l i p at r e m bl eDost [s ic] t h y h ea r t fea r t h e c r udeI n t r us io n o f my footfal lOn t h y mossed so l i tude

T h e p r ec ed i n g a r ti c l e suppl i es t h e a n sw e r to t h i s a n d s imi la r q ue r i esby t h e p r osa ic state m e n t t h a t t h e obj ec t o f t h e se n s i t i ve l i p is tokeep “ p r i so n e r fo r so m e tw e n t y m i n utes a n i n s e ct al ig h t i n g u po ni t ; so t h at n e i t h e r t h e o ve r flow i n g of j oy i n t h e h ea r t

’

s co r e n o r t hefea r of “ eage r eyes t h at sta r e " h a ve a n yt h i n g to do w i t h t he

m atte r .

WE l ea r n f r o m t h e Wes fern D ailyP ress of Jul y 2 t h a t M iss Il laRope r h a s r et i r ed f r o m t h e w o r k , ca r r i ed o n b y h e r fo r t h i r tee n r ea r s ,of ex h ib i t i n g i n t he B r i s to l Museum l i v i n g spec i m e n s o f w i ld tl

i

ow e rs

a n d f r u i ts in t h e i r r espect i ve sea so n s ; her pe r so n a l l y supeiw isedcase at t h e M useu m ,

” say s t he w r i t e r , w ho pays a h ig h t r i bute to

Miss Rope r’

s w o r k , “ r e vea led the loca l ll o ra f r o m A to Z.

”

21 8 rm: J e rma in . o r BOTANY

A nna l es Myco l ogic i ( vol . x xx i . n os . 3 , 4 ) i s m a i n l y oc c up i ed bya co n ti n ua t i o n of F . Pet rak

’

s“ Mykologische Not i ze n ,

” i n w h i c hm a n y new ge n era a n d spec i e s a r e desc r ibed . H . Sydow e n ume ra te st h e spec ies co n ta i n ed i n fasc i c l es x x xv i i—x l i of h i s “ Myco theca ge rm a n ica ”

( n os . 1801—2050 ) w i t h desc r i pt io n s of n ew ge n era. a n dspec ie s ; G . V V

erdermann w r i te s o n t h e ge n u s Tet ratonema ; a n dP . D iete l desc r i bes a new Co l eosp or ium (C

'

. B e iche i) f r omMexico .

A PAPER i n t h e Obse r ver of Jul y I h eaded A Ga rde n of B i r d sgi ves a c h a r m i n g acco u n t of a n Oxfo r d ga r de n ; but i t i s somew h a todd to r ead t h at i ts floo r was

“ deco rated ”w i t h “ patc h es ofye l l ow

me l l il ot ( s i c ) , w h i c h looked l i ke a patc h of s u n l i g h t .

THE si xt h vol u m e of t h e Conspecz‘us F l or-cc F enn icce

,by D r . Hj a l

Hj e l t— c o n ta i n i n g the S crophu l a ; iacece , Labiafce ,R ubiacece ,

Caapr zf o l iacece , a n d D ipsacacew ,— w h i c h h a s lately bee n i s sued , fo rms

t h e fi r s t pa rt of vo l . 5 1 of t h e A cta S ocietat is pro Fauna e t F l ora

F ennica . We h ope to n ot i c e i t late r .

Rhodora fo r July c o n ta i n s a b iog rap h y a n d po rt r a i t of Wi l l ia mCo n k l i n Cus ic k ( 1842 w ho i n vest igated t h e bota n y of Eas tO r ego n a n d i s co m m e m o rated in t h e umbel l i fe r ous ge n u s C'usic lcia ;M r . M . L . Fe r n a ld w r i tes o n the di st r i b ut io n of IVaias i n No r t hA m e rica a n d Mr. S . F . B lake o n t h e fo r m s of Osmorh iza l ongi

styl i s .

M a lpighia (xx i x , fasc . 7, al t h oug h da ted 1922 , o n ly r eac h edus i n Ju ly ; i t co n ta i n s a c o n t i n uat io n of t h e m o n ograp h of t h eA m e r i ca n spec ie s of Samauza , b y L . Buscal ioni and G M. u scate l lo ;a n d pape r s o n t h e l ea ves of E uca lyp tus a n d t h e c e l l s of t h eco r te x of Lan tana a l ba by t h e fo r m e r a u t h o r i n co n ju n c t io n w i t hG . Roccel la .

THE Fou r tee n t h Repo r t of t h e Devo n sh i r e Bota n y Co m m i ttee

(T r a n s . Devo n . Assoc . l i v . pp . 78— 86) co n ta i n s n ume r ou s add it i o n s tot h e k n ow l edge of t h e bo ta n y of t h e cou n t r y bot h i n p h a n e r ogamsa n d c r y pto gams . M r . H i e r u d esc r i bes a new va r i ety — er

.y1hro

henop odiump o lysper-muzn ; a n d t h e r e i s a n i n te r es ti n g

n ote o n t h e appeai ance i n g r eat qua n t ity of E p il obzum angus ti

f o l i .um

THE Gardeners’

Chronic l e of August co n ta i n s a l et te r of co ng ratu latio n a n d app r ec i at i o n add r essed to S i r NV . Thisel ton -Dye r bya l l t h e lead i n g bota n i s ts of G r ea t B r i ta i n a n d I r ela n d o n t h eoc cas io n of h i s e i g h t i et h b i r t h day (July a port ia it of Si rW il l ia m appea r s i n t h e i s sue fo r J u ly 28 . T h e n umbe r fo r July 21c o n ta i n s a n i n te r est i n g n ote o n “ T h e Te r c e n te n a ry of Gaspa r dBa u h i n ’ s P inax (1623 ) by M r . S . Savage .

WE u n de r s ta n d t h a t good p r og r ess i s be i n g m ade w i t h t h ea r ra n ge m e n ts fo r t h e I m pe r ia l Bota n i ca l Co n fe r e n c e w h i c h i s to beh e ld n ex t yea r . E n cou ragi n g l ette r s h a ve bee n r ece i ved f r o m an umbe r of o ve r sea s bota n i sts , a n d w e h ope s h o r tly to be able to gi vea n i n d i cati o n of t h e p r og ra m m e fo r t h e m eeti n gs . T h e Co n fe r e n c ew i l l ta ke plac e at Sout h Ke n s i n gto n ea r ly i n J uly .


JOURN . B OT .PLATE

x 2 4 0

Anastrophyl lumJorgensen ii.

X 2 0x 2 4 o

4

Lep idozia trichoclados .

x 2 4 0

x 2 4o

KZAO

Herber l a ten n is .

1 . Pa r t o f pl an t . 3 . Apex o f l eaf . 5 . Cel l s at basal ma rgin2 . Leaf . 4 . Cel l s o f uppe r pa rt . 6 . G emmze .

FREDERIC NEWTON WILLIAMS

( 1862

FREDER IC NEWTON W ILL IA M S w as bo r n i n B r e n tfo rd o n Ma rc h19 , 1862 , w h e r e h i s fat h e r was i n p rac t ic e as a docto r . F rede r i c waseducated at Edw a r d Ba n c r oft ’ s Hosp i ta l i n Lo n do n

,w h e r e h e d i s t i n

guished h i m se l f i n ge n e ral stud ies , beco m i n g h ead boy of t h e s c h oo la n d pass i n g Oxfo r d a n d Ca m b r idge exami n at io n s . Ha vi n g dec idedto fo l low t h e m ed ica l p r ofess io n ,

- he beca m e a pupi l of Hux ley a n dp roceeded to St T h o m as ’ s Hosp i ta l ; h e t h e n ca m e to B r e n tfo rd, w h e r eh e succeeded to h i s fat h e r ’ s p rac t ic e , h a v i n g p r e vi o us ly take n t h edeg r ees o f a n d L .S .A . W h i le at S t. T h o m as ’ s NVil l iamstook up B ota n y , w h ic h beca m e o n e of t h e c h i ef i n te r ests o f h i s l i fe .The p r ac tica l aspec t of m ed i c i n e n e ve r g r ea tly appea l ed to h i m

,

t h oug h at fi r s t h e so m ew h at spec ia l i sed i n d i seases of t h e t h r oa t ; a n da l t h oug h h e p ract i sed i n B r e n tfo rd a n d so m et i m es h e ld loca l appo i n tme n ts— at t h e date of h i s d eat h he was a Home O ff ce I n specto r o fFacto r i es— he took l i ttle pa i n s to de ve lop h i s p ract ice . He was ,

h ow e ve r , kee n ly i n te r es ted i n t h e p r og r ess of m ed ic ine a n d su r ge ry ,f r eque n tly a tte n d i n g co n g resse s ab r oad , a n d i n new r e m ed i e s a n dappl ia n c es ; a n d t h e w r i te r c a n speak g rateful ly of h i s sk i l l a n datte n t io n o n mo r e t h a n o n e oc cas i o n .

In 1884 Wil l ia m s bec a m e a Fe l low of t h e L i n n ea n So c ie ty , a m o n gw h ose publ icat io n s so m e of h i s m os t va l uabl e pape r s w e r e p r od uced .

He was a co n sta n t a tte n da n t a n d a f r eque n t speake r at t h e Soc ie ty ’ sm eet i n gs , a n d was o n te r m s of f r i e n ds h ip w i t h m a n y of t h e Fel low s ,usua l ly spe n d i n g t h e eve n i n g afte r t h e m eet i n gs i n the c o m pa n y ofo n e o r m o r e of t h e m . He was ve ry good co m pa n y a n d a n exc el le n tco n ve r satio n a l is t, ow i n g to t h e n um be r of subj ec ts i n w h i c h h e was

i n te r ested ; t h oug h h i s state m e n ts c oul d n o t a lways be take n an p iedde la l e ttre .

A l t h oug h as a n e i g h bou r for m a n y yea r s I h ad m o r e oppo r tu n i t i e st h a n m ost of s tudyi n g h i s c h a rac te r , I find i t ve ry difiicul t to co n veyany defi n i te est i m ate of h i s pe r so n a l i ty . H is i n te r ests , t h oug h , as

has bee n sa id , va r ious , w e r e i n c e r ta i n d i r ect io n s c u r io us ly l imi ted .

The aest h et i c s ide of h i s c h a rac te r w as la r ge ly u n devel oped ; a lt h oug hi n te r es ted i n t h e m us i c of t h e ea r ly co m pose r s a n d of Wag n e r a n d h iss c h oo l

,n e i t h e r d r a m atic n o r p ic to r ia l a r t appea l ed to him. He h ad

n o k n ow l edge e i t h e r of poet ry o r fict i o n , n e i t h e r of w h i c h w as r ep rose n ted i n h i s l ib r a ry ; h e was w o n t to say t h at h e h ad n e ve r r ead an o ve l

,and t h e boas t, as i t appea red to be , seemed to be w a r ra n ted .

A l t h oug h a scopt ic i n r e l igi ou s 111at ters -hc w as a m embe r of theRatio n a l i st P r ess Assoc ia tio n — “f il l iams w as i n te r ested i n r i tua l a n dec c les iasti ca l Obse r va n c es

,a n d i n t h e i r o r i gi n and de vel opme n t ; f ro m

ti m e to t ime h e atte n ded se r v ices a t \Vest 1n in ster Cat h ed ra l a n d at

t h e O r t h odox C h u r c h i n Bayswate r . I t was pe r h aps o n t h i s ac cou n tt h at i n one of h is ob i tua ry n o tic es Wi l l iams was se t dow n a s aCat h ol i c ; as a m atte r of fac t , h e was a 11

‘1'

eemason , a m embe r of theG r a n d O r i e n t o f F ra n c e . I n pol i t i c s h e w as n o t se r io usly i n te r ested ,a n d i n deed h e ld n e i t h e r defi n i te n o r settled op i n io n s .JOURNAL or BOTAN Y .

— V OL . (51 . [Oeronmn 1923 ]

250 T H E J OURNAL o r no'

rxNY

I t i s c h i eflyr as a bota n i s t t h at Wil l iams w i l l be k n ow n to poste r i ty ,a n d t h e fo l lowmg l i s t o f h i s pape r s , w h i l e n o t c la imi n g to be exhaust i ve

,w i l l g i ve some idea of t h e exte n t of h i s w o r k i n t h at d i r ec t io n .

H is k n ow l edge of pla n ts w as almost e n ti r e ly de r i ved f r o m h e r ba r i umSpec ime n s , espec ia l ly t h ose i n t h e B r i t i s h Muse um a n d a t Kew— he

k n ew l i ttle about t h e m i n t h e field , a n d p r ese r ved n o spec ime n s . I nB ota n y a s i n o t h e r m atte r s Wil l iams h ad n o r espec t fo r co n ve n t io n s ;h is v i ew s w e r e st r o n gly i n d i v idua l a n d e ve n a n a r c h i ca l , w h i c h m aypa r tly accou n t fo r t h e co m pa rat i ve n egl ec t of h i s P rodronms, w h e r eofm o r e w i l l be sa id late r .

VVil l iams’

s fi r s t pape r— an e n u m e r at io n of t h e spec ie s a n d va r ie t i e sof D ian flucs , i n c l ud i n g sec t io n a l c h a ra c te r s a n d desc r i pt io n s of se ve ra ln ew spec ies— was publ i s h ed i n t h is Jou r n a l fo r 1885 (pp . 310— 319 )w i t h a S upple m e n t i n 18 86 (p . 30 1 1. I t i s i n Lat i n — a la n guagew h ich Wil l iams w r ote w i t h fl uency

— a n d s h ow s t h at h e m ust by t h atpe r i od h a ve made considei able p r og r es s i n bota n y fo i so m e t i m e befo r eco m m itti n g t h e r es ul ts to p r i n t '

1 h i s was fo l low ed by a success io no f s tud i es in Cmy0p71_7/l laceae, w i t h w h i c h o 1de r h i s syste m at ic w o rkw as c h i efly co n ce1 n ed i t w as fo l low ed by r e v i s io n s of Gypsoplzila

Tumor: (Jou 1 n .L i n n . Soc . , Bo t . xx i x ; S il ene (c . xxx i i . 1896) ; Aw nmia

(xxxn i . V é l ezm Jll oenchia , a n d Te l ep lzium (Jou r n . Be t .

1 899 , 1901 , I n 1898 h e bega n in t h i s Jou r n a l t h e C r i t ica lNotes o n Oemst z

'

um,w h i c h , afte r m a n y yea r s

’ i n te r val, w e r e r esu m ed

in 192 1 b ut n e ve r co m pleted ; t h es e co n ta i n m uc h i n fo r m at io n de r i vedf r o m G ay ’ s impo r ta n t MSS . p r ese r ved i n t h e Kew He r ba r i u m , the

n eglec t of w h i c h was a f r eque n t s ubjec t of “f il l iams’

s a n imadve r s io n .O t h e r pape r s i n t h i s Jou r n a l dea l i n g w i t h t h e O r d e r a r e “ P i n k s oft he T ra n s vaa l ” “ T h e D 1sintegrat ion of Lyckm

'

s”

.

“ Subd i v i s io n s i n S i l ene “ A Re vi sedL i s t of B 1 it ish gene1a a n d spec i es , w i t h bibl iogi aphy a n d n otes

( 1896, a n d S te l l e n d D i l l eniana ( 1910 , w h i c h h e was

t h e fi1 st to d i sti n gu i s h as a B 1 it ish pla n t . I n t h e L i n n ea n Soc iety ’

5

Jou r n al h e e n ume r ated a n d desc r i bed t h e C’aryophyl lacece of Sze

chucn (xxx i v .4126) a n d of T ibet ( xxx v i i i . i n t h e Bul l e t in of

t h e Bo issicr He r ba r i um h e r e v i sed t h e sec tio n A clenonema of S te l lar ia( 190 7, 830 ) a n d desc r ibed t h e E u r opea n va r i et i es of S il ene infl am.

I n 1890 h e publ is h ed p r i vately a sma l l vol ume o n The P in/cs ofC’enh '

al E urop e , a n d i n the sa m e yea r a t t h e Ca r n at io n Co n g r esr ead a n i n te r es ti n g pape r o n “ T h e Ca r n at io n f rom a Bo ta n ica l Po i n tof V i ew ,

”w h i c h was p r i n ted i n Jou r n . R . H . S . x i i . £16 1 .

VVil l iams’

s m os t impo r ta n t co n t r i bu ti o n to B r i ti s h bo ta n y was h i sP rodromus F l ora? B r itan n ica , of w h i c h te n pa r ts w e r e i ss ued ati1 1egula1 i n te r val s betw ee n 190 1 a n d 19 12 . T h e ea r l i e r po1 t io n sw e1e 1 ev icw ed 111 t h i s Jou1 nal ( 190 1—3 4—9—10 ) by 1\I1 Hiern , who

summa1 ised an d c 1 it ic ised at so m e l e n gt h t h e aut l’

1or s met h ods a n dco n c l us io n s . T h e r e v i ew e r ’ s co n clud i n g 1 e111a1k t h at B 11t ish bota n i st sw i l l fi n d i n the P rml romns “ m uc h to i n te re st t h e m a n d n ot a l i ttl e tol ea r n ” may be e n do r sed ; a m o r e defi n i te es t i m ate w i l l be . fou n d inthe r e v i ew of pa r t 9 (op . cit . 1912 , w h e r e r efe r e n c e i s m ade to



i n te r esti n g r e v iew s of book s o n Me n del i s m ( 1902 , 329 ; 1905 , 277 ;1909 , 325 ) a n d k i n d r ed subj ects ( 1903 , 17 1 190 7

,His pape r

o n t h e bo ta n y of S ia m (Jou r n . Bot . 1903 , 306 ) w as fo l low ed by al i st of t h e s pec i es , w i t h desc r ipt io n s of n o vel t i e s i n Bu l l . He r b .

Boissier fo r 1905 ; i n t h e sa m e pe r i od ica l fo r 190 7 h e p ubl i s h ed a“

l

F lorula Gambica,” p r eceded by a l i s t of col lecto r s of G a m bia n

p a n ts .T h e Cape A rgus of May 19 , i n a b r i e f not i c e , s ta tes t h atM r . Wil l i a m s h ad co m pi led a book o n Sw i s s flo ra fo r t h e Sw i s s

G o ve r n m e n t by t h e t i m e h e h ad r ea c h ed t h e age of twe n ty - two ,

a n d i n r ecog n i t io n h e was m ade a Fe l low of t h e L i n n ea n Soc iety ”;

t h e Cap e Times of May 24 h a s a pa rag r ap h to t h e same effe c t . T h es tate m e n t i s m a n i fest ly w i t h out fou n dat io n , a s at t h e t ime spec ifiedWi l l ia m s h ad ba r e ly co m pleted h i s m ed i ca l s tud i e s ; h e w as ad m i ttedto t h e L i n n ea n Soc i ety i n t h e o r d i n a ry way, a n d I h ad t h e pleasu r eo f b ei n g o n e of t h e s i g n e r s of his c e r t ificate .Wil l ia m s h ad a good k n ow l edge of G e r m a n , F r e n c h , a n d I ta l ia n

i n t h e two l atte r la n guages h e publ i s h ed pape r s , co r r e spo n d i n g al sow i t h F r e n c h a n d I ta l ia n bota n i sts . A b iog rap h y of Teodo r o Ca r ue l

( 1830—1898 ) —an ex ce l l e n t exa m ple of Wil l iams’

s s ty l e w h e n w r i t i n gon ot h e r t h a n st r i c tly bota n i cal subj ec ts— w i l l be fou n d i n t h isJou r n a l for 1899 ( p . to h i s fl ue n cy i n Lat i n r efe r e n c e hasal r eady be e n m ade . He n u m be r ed most B r i t i s h bota n i sts

,ma n y of

w h o m h e k n ew pe r so n a l ly , a m o n g h i s co r r espo n d e n ts ; h e w as an

exce l le n t l ette r -w r i t e r , a n d h i s l ette r s co n ta i n ed m uc h bota n i ca li n for m ati o n .Wil l iams’

s e n d ca m e so m ew h a t sudde n ly . He w as w o n t to boas tt h at he h ad n e ve r h ad a day ’ s i l l n ess

,a n d h e alw ays appea r ed to be

in pe r fec t h ealt h , but towa rd s t h e e n d of la st yea r h e appea r ed to beso m ew h at fa i l i n g— a fac t , h ow e ve r , w h i c h I a tt r ibuted to fi n a n c ia lw o rr i es a n d ot h e r t r o ubl e s . But o n h is last v i s i t to m e i n Ap r i l i tw as pai n ful ly ev ide n t t h a t he was fa r f r o m w el l ; o n t h i s occa s i o n h ehad so m e d ifficu l ty i n r each i n g h o m e . S h o r tly afte rwa rd s h e wasmo ved to the West M iddl ese x Hospi ta l a t 1slew orth , w h e r e o nMay 6 h e su c cu m bed to h ea r t fai lu r e , w h ic h w as al so t h e cause o f h isfa t h e r ’ s dea t h

,a n d was bu r i ed o n t h e 10 th i n t h e New B r e n tfo r d

C e m ete ry a t Hesto n .JA M E S BR ITTEN .

THE PRESENT POSITION OF BOTANY .

AT t h e m eeti n g of t h e B r i t i s h Assoc iatio n at L i ve r pool o nSept . 12—19 , M r . A . G . Ta n sl ey , P r e s ide n t o f the Bota n i ca l Sectio n ,del i ve r ed a n add r es s o n “ So m e Aspects of t h e P r es e n t Pos i t i o n o fB ota n y ,

” of w h ic h t h e fol low i n g a r e t h e co n c ludi n g pa rag rap h s

T h e ce n t r a l a n d v i ta l pa r t of bota n y as a sc i e n c e i s , a n d m us t be ,t h e s tudy of p r oc ess w h i c h c r eates a n d m od ifi es st r uc tu r e a s w el l a sof p r oc ess w h ic h i s i n i ts tu r n dete r m i n ed by st r uc tu r e . I n r ea l i tyn o l ine can be d raw n betwee n p r oc esses of t h es e t wo ki n ds , fo r t h e

THE PRESENT PO S ITION or‘

Boraxr 253

de velop m e n t a n d m etabol i s m o f t h e pla n t fo r m a co n t i n uous co n n ectedh is to ry i n w h i c h p r oc es s a n d st r uctu r e co n t i n ual ly ac t a n d i n te r ac t .Ne ve r t h e less , t h e ‘p h ys iol ogica l fu n c t io n s ’ of adu l t st r uc tu r e s c e rtainly h ave a spec ia l pos i t io n i n t h at t h e p r oc esses o f w h ic h t h eyco n s i st a r e , l ike t h e adul t s t r uc tu r es t h e m se l ves , t h e cu r r e n t terms ofo n toge n et ic de velop m e n t, t h e cu r r e n t s tages of fu l l exp r ess io n of t h e'

g i ve n ge n otype u n de r t h e g i ve n co n d i t io n s o f l i fe .“ T h e sepa ratio n of m o r p h o logy a n d p h ys io logy n o doubt ul t i

m ate ly takes o r ig i n f r o m t h e two d is ti n c t types o f h u m a n i n te res t i nl i v i n g o rga n is m s , c h a rac te r i st ic of diffe r e n t types of m i n d , t h e o n eatt rac ted by t h e fo rms , fo r m a l r e lat i o n s h ips a n d c lass ifi ca tio n o fobjects , t h e ot h e r by t h e u n de r sta n di n g of p rocess, t h e k n ow l edge o fw o r k i n g . T h e o n e n atu ral ly obse r ves a n d c lass ifies , t h e o t h e r obs e r ve sand e xpe r i m e n ts . T h i s k i n d of sepa rat io n , c l ea r ly e n oug h see na m o n g t h e o lde r n atu r a l i sts , h as bee n g r eatly e n h a n c ed o n t h e o n eh a n d by the e n t h us ias t ic e ffo r t to t r ace p h y loge n y co n seque n t o n t h eaccepta n c e of t h e doc t r i n e of desc e n t

,o n t h e ot h e r by t h e co n ti n uous

co m pl icat io n o f t h e p h ys ica l a n d c h e m ica l k n ow ledge a n d tec h n iqu er equi r ed by t h e study of p h ys io logica l p r oce sse s . I t h a s h ad a

p r o fou n d effec t o n t h e teac h i n g of bota n y du r i n g t h e pas t fo r tyyea r s . Bota n i s ts w h o se pe r so n a l r esea r c h lay in t h e o n e fie ld ha vebee n less a n d les s abl e to take a n i n tel l ige n t i n te r es t i n t h e ot h e r

,

even i f t h ey co uld u n de r sta n d t h e te r m s i n w h i c h t h e r esu lts w e r eexp r essed . T h e stude n t h as pe r fo r c e come to r ega rd a n d to s tudy t h et wo fie lds as who l ly d is ti n c t, w i t h v e ry few po i n ts of co n tac t, a n d h i satte n t io n h as bee n d i r ec ted p r ima r i ly to m o rp h ology la r gely becaus eit i s so m uc h eas ie r fo r t h e beg i n n e r to e xa m i n e a n d cut sec t io n s o fp la n ts and d raw pic tu r es of t h em t h a n to study t h e p r oces ses w h ic hgo to t h e m ak i n g of t h e m . Too l ittl e se r ious effort h as bee n m ade too ve r come t h e ditiieult ies of teac h i n g stude n ts to s tudy p r ocess . T h ep h ys io log ists t h e m se l ves h ave bee n too muc h abso r bed i n t h e i r apparatus to co n s ide r t h e bea r i n g o f t h e i r s ubjec t o n ge n e ra l bota n y . I nr ece n t yea r s t h e r i s e of new b r a n c h es of s tudy

,s uc h as cyto logy

,

ge n etic s,a n d eco logy , h as added to t h e d i s tra c tio n of t h e s tude n t .

T h e r e su l t h as bee n to sepa rate bota n y i n to d isco n n ec ted pa r ts a n dfa i lu r e to g i ve t h e stude n t a n y u n ified n ot i o n of the s ubjec t . I t i su n n eces sa ry to say t h at t h e g row t h of k n ow l edge i n va r iably b r i n gs init s t r a i n e ve r - i n c r eas i n g spec ia l i sa t io n in resear ch , but t h a t fac t i n n owayabso l ves t h e teac h e r who i s r espo n s ibl e fo r t h e i n t r oduct io n ofs tude n ts to t h e subjec t f ro m the duty of d isplayi n g i t a s a w h ol e

,a n d

t h i s h e can o n ly do by mak ing'

its m os t v ita l pa r t , t h e s tudy ofp r ocess

,t h e k ey to h is expos i t io n , by r ep r ese n t i n g a l l s t ruc tu r e as t h e

r esul t of p r ocess , a n d , i n i ts tu r n , as l i m it i n g a n d d i r ec t i n g p r ocess ,r at h e r t h a n by co n c e n t r at i n g t h e stude n t

'

s i n te r e st on s t r uc tu r e a n dt h e co m pa r i so n of st r uc tu r e fo r i ts own sak e . I t see m s to m e m os tm is lead i n g to r ep r ese n t m o r p h o logy ( i n the se n s e i n w h ic h i t h asco m e to be used ) and p h ys iol ogy as i f t h e y w e r e equ i va l e n t b ra n c h esof t h e s ubj ec t betwee n w h i c h t h e a tte n t io n of stude n ts s h ou ld bed i v ided . I t i s o n ly t h e m ost supe r fi c ia l v iew t h a t ca n r ega rd t h em asequ i val e n t . St r uc tu r e s a r e t h e e n d r es ul t s o f p r oc esses . a n d to u n de rs ta n d t h e m w e m ust study p r oces s b y obse r vat io n and expe r i m e n t .

254 T HE JOURNAL or BOTANY

I t i s u n n eces sa r y to r e m a r k t h a t th or oug h and ac cu rate acqua i n ta n c ew i t h fac ts of st r uc tu r e i s i n c ide n tal ly es se n tial . But to c la i m t h ela r ge r po r ti o n of t h e s tude n t ’ s time and e n e r gy fo r the w o r k ofbeco m i n g ac qua i n ted w i t h t h e dota i l s of struc tu1e of a l l the v a r i o usg r oups Of pla n ts i n vo l ves , i n m y V i ew , a ve ry s e r ious m i sd i r ec ti o n ofcfiort .

“ T h e r e s h oul d be n o d i v i si o n of e l e m e n ta ry bota n y i n to m o r ph ol ogya n d p h ys iology . I n ad va n c ed w o r k t h e r e m ust , of cou r se , be difierent iat ion ,

as t h e r e m us t i n r e sea r c h , n o t i n to mo r p h ology a n d p h ys iology

,but i n to a g r ea t n u m be r o f g r oups Of c o n n ec ted p h e n ome n a ,

becau se of t h e vas t n u m be r a n d co m pl i cat i o n of t h e p h e n o m e n a Of

t h e pla n t w o r ld . So m e m i n ds fi n d t h e i r sa ti s fac tio n i n s tudyi n gs t r uc tu r e fo r it s ow n sake , so to speak , a n d i n c o m pa r i n g the s t r uetu r e s studi ed . T h e i r r e sea r c h w i l l n atu r a l ly l i e i n t h a t d i r ec ti o n , a n di t i s c e r ta in to i n c r eas e , as i t 11as i n t h e r ec e n t past a l r eady vastlyin c reased , our k n ow l edge Of t h e detai l ed fac ts Of st ruc tu r e of thepla n t k i n gdo m , to r e vea l u n suspected r e la t io n s h i ps , a n d to establ i shp robab i l i t i es a s to the l i n e s e vo l uti o n h a s fol low ed . But t h i s k n owl edge in iise if ,

co n s ide r ed i n r e latio n to t h e sc i e n c e as a w h ol e,i s

,a n d

m u st n ecessa r i ly r e m a i n , s upe r fic ia l . I ts co n c l us io n s e ve n i n r ega rdto the l ines w h i c h e vo lut i o n h as fol low ed c a n a t t h e best n ev e r a tta i n tom o r e t h a n a co n s ide r abl e deg r ee Of p r obabi l ity . And i ts m et h ods a n da ims ca n n e ve r expla i n s t ruc tu r e i n a n y r eal s e n se . Fo r t h at a studyof p r ocess is esse n tia l .

T h e g r ea t develop m e n t i n m o r p h olo gica l k n ow l edge , espec ial ly ofw h at I h a ve cal l ed t h e m idd l e g r ades Of t h e pla n t k i n gdo m ,

and O f

t h e g r eat g r oups of fos s i l pla n ts w h i c h belo n g to t h ese g rades,has, as

w e m ust a l l r ecog n i se , i m m e n sely i n c r eased our acquai n ta n c e w i t h t h es t r uc tu r e Of t h e pl a n t w o r ld . I t w as a n atu r a l de vel op m e n t Of

i n t e r es t i n t h e past h i s to ry Of pla n ts , s t i m u lated a n d d i r ec ted by t h eac cepta n ce Of t h e doct r i n e Of e vol ut io n . Look i n g bac k upo n t h eh i s to ry Of bota n y du r i n g t h e pa s t h al f - c e n tu ry w e m us t be g ratefu l to t h i s m o ve m e n t , a n d p r o ud of t h e l ead i n g a n d d i sti n gu i s h edpa r t o u r cou n t ry m e n h ave played i n i ts develop m e n t . But I ca n n ott h i n k t h at i t h a s h ad a w h ol ly good i n fl ue n ce o n t h e p r og r ess ofbota n y

,pa r ti c u la r ly o n bota n i ca l tea c h i n g a n d 1 esea1 ch i n t h i s

cou n t ry . T h 1s h a s r e m a i n ed too lo n g domi n ated by t h e ideal Of

t 1ac in <rph v logenv , h as gi ve n fa r too m uc h t i m e to t h e deta i l ed m o r

pho logyOf t h e d il fe1en t g1 oups w h i c h m ake up t h e pla n t k i n gdo m ,

a n d has co r r e spo n d i n gly n eglec ted t h e n ew e r k n ow l edge o f p r oc essw h i c h m u st be tho m a i n a ve n u e to a deepe r u n de r sta n d i n g Of pla n ts .

Fo r tu n ately t h e r e a r e now ma n y s i g n s of impe n d i n g c h a n ge . Mea nw h i l e the youngca w o r ke r s , d issa ti sfied , espec ia l ly du r i ng t h e las tt w o decades , w i t h the Olde r ou tlook , ha ve tu r n ed m o r e a n d mo1 e tospec ia l i sed p h ys io logi ca l 1 esea1ch , to my gco lo y o r to ge n et i c s

,11 i t h

t h ei r ou tlets O 11 p1'

ic t 1cal l i fe , but ofte n 11 1t h o 11t the g1ounding t h a to n ly a thomugh gi asp O f the esse n tia l s of t h e subjec t ca n c i v e . O n eo f the 1 esul ts h a s bee n t h at bota n y has to a la 1ge ex te n t beco m e d i si n teg rated , w o rke r s in pa r t i c ula r pa r ts o f t h e subj ec t h av i n g l i ttleu n de r sta n d i n g a n d l ess i n te r es t i n the r e sul ts of t h e i r fe l low - wo r k e r s


25

6 JOURNAL or nou n

P h i l i p M i ll e r was e v ide n tl y a n n oyed at t h e cha n ge of n ameD r. L i n n aeus h a s al te r ed t h e n a m e of t h i s pla n t to H e l iocm'

pos

a n d g1ve11 a n ot h e r ge n u s t h e t i tl e of M owi l'

a ; but fo r w h at r ea so n Ica n n o t say , u n l ess to c o n fou n d t h e k n ow l edg e of pla n ts ”

(G a rd .

D ie t . ed . 6 , s ub Jll on t ia ; l 752 ) . 1n Ga1d . Diet . ed . 7 a n d late red i ti o n s

, ho 11 e 1 1 1 h e accepted 11 6 110 0 0 7'p 0 8 .

L i n n é s gene1 ic d esc r i pt io n of H e l zocmpos i n Gen . Pl . ed . 1 11 a sbased , a s 11315 11 1 115 t h e flow e r 0 11 t h e Ha1 tecamp pla n t ; a n d , as r ega rd st he f r u it , 0 11 m ate r ia l se n t h i m by M i l le r . 111 Ho r t . C l i ff. h e gave ade t ai l ed ac cou n t o f t h e v egetat i1 e charac tei s of t h e Hartecamp pla n t,of w h i c h h e figu r ed a leafy b1 11nch a n d flow e r s . T h e f rui t , h ow e ve r ,w as figu r ed a n d desc r ibed f r o m t h e spec i m e n comm u n i cated byM il le r?

H e l iocarp us mner icmms L . , Sp . Pl . 448,w as defi n ed by c i tat io n

o f He i t . C l i ff . a n d accmdingly co n s i s ted of t ln ee e le m e n ts : ( 1 ) t h esy n o n ym, Zlf out ia Houst . ; (2 ) t h e spec i m e n se n t to L i n n é by Mi l le 1 ;( 3 ) t h e Hai tecamp pla n t . The type -spec i1nens of ( 1) a n d (2 ) a1 ep r ese r ved i n t h e B r i t i s h Muse u m (Nat . H i st ) , a n d a r e eonspec ific

w i th H . tomen tosus Tu r cz. , as h as al r eady bee n po i n ted out byM 1 . E . G . Bake r No t1 pe - spec ime n o f

(3 ) i s i n e x i ste n ce , a n d i ts n at i ve cou n t1y a n d f rui t a r e u n k n ow n .

A s so m e of t h e m ost impmtant spec i fic cha1ac ters i n H e l ioca rpus

111e de1 ived f1om t h e f1 u it , i t i s p1obable t h a t t h e ide n t i ty of t h eHartecamp pla n t w i l l a lways r emai n doubtfu l .M r . “’atso u has appa r e n tly o ve r l ooked t h e fac t t h a t t h e f ru i ti n g

spec ime n se n t to L i n n é by M i l l e r , w h i c h i s t h e type of Ho r t . C l iff.t . 16

,fig . (1

, i s p r ese r ved i n the C l i ffo r d h e r ba r i um, a n d t h at i tis II. tomen tosus (J ou r n . Be t . 1898 , He see m s to be u n d e rt h e imp r ess io n t h at t h e Apot h eca r ie s ’ G a r de n at C h el sea a n d C l i ffo r d ’ sG a rde n at Harteeamp w e r e i de n t i cal— h i s r e m a r k s “ I t i s n ot ex

pl ic it ly s tated t h at t h e tw o d raw i n gs [Ho r t C l i ff . fig. els a n d fig. d]w e r e m ade f ro m pa1t s of t h e sa m e pla n t . No r does i t appea r f r o mLinnzeus

’

w r i t i n gs j u st w h a t w as t h e sou r c e of t h e pla n t i n t h eC l iffo r d G a rde n a t C h e l sea ” see m suscept i ble o f n o ot h e r interpretat ie n .

M r . \Vat son co n s ide r s t h at If e l z'

ocm'

pos Ho r t . Cl iff . cou ld n o t beH . tomen tosus , o n t h e g r ou n d t h a t “ i t i s s imply i m poss ible t h a tL i n n aeus cou ld h a ve fa i l ed to n o ti ce t h e de n se tomen tmn of t h e l ow e rs u r fa ce of t h e l ea ves . ” P r ec i s ely becau se L i n n é d id n ot ic e t h i stome n tu m o n t h e s i n gl e leaf ac co m pa n y i n g t h e f r u i ts se n t h i m byM i l l e r , h e was ca r efu l to s ta te t h a t M on t ia Houst . (Hal idearpos )and t h e pla n t c ul t i vat ed i n C l iffo rd ’ s ga rd e n semned to be the same ,i n s t ead o f defi n i tely t r eat i n g t h em as sy n o n y m ou s . “ Ha n c v ide tu rHonsto nus Jll on t ice n o m i n e indigit-a sse i n 111anuscript is apud Cl . Mi ll e r um v isis .

A s t h e sy n o n y m ,11l o7111

'

a HousL , c i ted by L i n n é u n de r H e l io

i s 11 . tomen tosus a n d one of t he s pec ime n s see n a n dl i1 ru i ed i n h im 15 a l so If . famed/0 1 11.1

,11 h i l e t h e ot h e 1 has n o t bee n

pie se 1 v 1 d a n d—[mu M r. \\ 11t so n— 1 1nno t be ide n t ified f 1om t h e

111 sc 1 ipt io 11 and tir 111e , i t i s e v ide n t t h at , i f the n a m e Ii . amer icanus

HE LIOCABPUS A M ERICANUS 257

is to be reta i n ed , i t shou ld be appl i ed'

to II. tomen tosus , and t h a tII. amer z

’

cmzns E . E . Wats . r equ i r es a new n a m e . T h e sy n o n y m ya n d geog rap h i ca l d i st r i but io n of t h e two spec ie s i n que st io n are

gi ve n be low .

H. A M ERICANU S L . , Sp . Pl . 448 e m e n d . ( exc l . pl . cu l t . i nh o r t . C l i ff. )— II. tomen tosus Tu r c z . i n B ul l . Soc . Nat . Mose . 1 858 ,x xx i . 225 ; E . E . Wats . i n B u l l . To r r . Bo t . C l ub , 1923 , l . 123 .

.ZlIon /mHoust . MS ; Mi l l . Gaul . D iet . ed . 6 Il e l iocarpos L .

Ho r t . C l i ff . 2 11 , t . 10 , fig . ( l , quoad sy n . et f i uc t .

MEX ICO : V e r a 0 1 112 ; O ld V e r a C1 i1z,H ous fmm (He r b . C l iff ; He r b .

Ba n k s H e r b . Sloa n e c c xc i i . fo l . (52 ) fou n d el sewh e r e i n V e r a C ruz byva r io us co l lec to r s . Acco rd i n g to M r . Watso n

,i t oc c u r s al so i n t h e

states of Puebla a n d Oaxa ca , a n d i n Pa n a m a . T h e Pa n a m a r eco rd ,it co n fi r m ed , w i l l fu r n i s h a n i n te r es t i n g ca se of di sco n t i n uous geog rap h ical d i s t r ibut io n . One woul d l ike to k n ow w h e t h e r t h e spec im e n s a r e i n f r u i t .H .

'

SUB'

rmLOBUs , n o m . n o v .— H . mnerz

’

canus E . E . VVats. in

B ul l . To r r . Bot . C l ub , 1923 , 1. 123 ,n o n L .

V E NEZUELA , Fe n dl e r 1277 B (G rayI h ave n ot see n Fe n d l e r 1277 B , t h e type of H . amer icanus

E . E . Wats , but t h e spec ie s see m s to be sutlieient ly d is t i n c t f r o mH . popng/afl ensis , judgi n g f ro m t h e desc r i pt io n .

CARMICHAE LIA AUSTRALIS R . BR.

By JA M E S BRITTEN , F .L . S .

IN t h e 1 ecen t ly i ss ued pa r t of the B oz’amca l M agazme

,u n d e r

D r . Stzg

i pfG i v es a n accou n t of t h e h i sto ry of t h i s pla n t , to

w h i c h i n so m e det i ils i t see m s n eces sa ry to take exc ept i o n . Fo rt h at pu r pose i t i s des i ra bl e to r ep r i n t h i s text, so fa r a s t h i s r elatesto t h e po i n ts at i s sue ; t h i s r u n s a s fo l low s

C’. aus tra l is was d isco ve r ed by S i r Josep h Ba n k s a n d D r .

Sola n de r 0 11 t h e east coas t of t h e No r t h I s la n d in 1769 , but w as n o tdesc r ibed u n ti l 1825 , w h e n L i n d l ey figu r ed i t f r o m a pla n t i n Co lv il l

’

s

n u r se ry w i t h a (lescript ion a n d n otes by B . B r ow n . R . B r ow nide n t ified i t w i t h [G emge] Forste r s L otus ar

'bon us , but Fo r ste r sspec i m e n of t h at spec ie s in t h e Kew He r ba r i u m 1s ev idently ( 7. fl age l l :

f en /12

'

s,u n de r w h ic h 0 . 0 9 110 ) s i s a l so quoted by C h ee se m a n .

B 1ow n 5 desc r i pt io n cove r s pi obabl 1 bot h , t h e pa 1 t refen ing to t h et i uits be i n g (11 2111 11 up f l o m F 111 ste1 s spec i m e n 0 1 d1aw i11g 11 h i chs h ows f1ui t, t h e 1 e111ainde1 f1 o m Co l v il l 5 pla n t .

”

1 . T 11 13 BANK S AND SOLANDER TYPE .

1 a m n ot i n a pos i t ion to questi o n D r . Stapf s ide n t i ficat io n ofFo r "st0 1 s spec i m e n in the Kew 11e1ba1 iun 1 11 i t h C.

but t h e a m pl e 111ate1 i 1l 1n t h e B i it ish Museu m H1 1 l 1a1 iun1 l e n ds n osuppo r t to t h e vi ew t zh 1t B 1ow n s desc r i pt io n “

proha i1 l l 1' t o 1 e 1 s bot ht h at a n d C’

. aus tra l is ,” a n d i t :1ss111ed lv was n ot i n pa r t ‘dr 111 11 up

f r o m Co l vil l ’ s pla n t . ” A s to t h i s I can speak 11 ith so m e ce1 tain t 1,

258 THE JOURNAL or Boranx .

fo r w e h a ve am o n g B r ow n ’ s MSS . t h e o r i g i n al o f t h e d escri pt i o npubl i s h ed i n Bo t . Keg , p r epa r ed fo r p r es s by Li n d l ey and w i th an

add i tio n i n h i s h a n d ; f r o m t h i s MS . i t i s appa r e n t t h at t h e o n lym ate r ia l i n B r o w n ’ s pos sess i o n at t h at pe r iod was t h at c o l l ec ted byBa n ks and Sola n de r , supple m e n ted po ss i bly— t h o ug h o f t h i s t h e r e i s110 e v ide n c e— bv Sola n de r ’ s MS . desc r ipt io n to w h ic h L i n d ley 1 efers .

In t h is latte r t h e pod a n d seeds ai e ful ly desc 1 ibed,appa1 e1i t lv f r o m

obse r vatio n s m ade at the t i m e of co l l ec ti n g , as t h e spec i m e n s i n t h eHe 1ba1 ium h a ve 11 0 fi uit ; t h e dese1 ipt ion 111 w h at a r e k n ow n a s t h eSo la n de r MSS . (xx . p . w as d r aw n up by So la n de r f r o m t h en o tes aetua l l v m ade bv h i m dui ing t h e voyage , ai e a l so i n t h eD epai tmen t of Bota n y t h e y w i l l be fo u n d 111 178 , 18 5 ,u n de1 t h e n a m e G en zs ta compw ssa , by 11 h ic h So lande1 dese 1 ibed t h ep la n t . A n i n te r es ti n g n ote by Sola n de r as to t h e r ep r oduc tio n ofC . ausira l is t h at has n o t h i t h e r to bee n r ep r od uc ed , a n d w h i c h I don ot fi n d m e n t io n ed in a n y accou n t of t h e spec i es r u n s Obs . Ra m iin t erdum ad eorum exsert ionem rad ica n t absque con tac tu v el c u mte r ra v e l c u m al iis p la n ti s novasque exserun t pla n tas . ” A n o t h e r n o tesays : “ Pla n tar o m n es fo l iigera ju n io r es fuerun t , earumque r a m iva lde co m p r es i , subfo liaceae .

”

B es ide s t h e Ba n ks a n d So la n de r spec i m e n s , w e h a ve (N . Zea la n dP la n ts , i . t . 37 ) the o r i gi n a l sket c h of t he pla n t take n by Syd n eyPa r k i n so n d u r i n g t h e voyage , w i t h t h e fi n i s h ed d raw i n g m ade o n h i sr e tu r n a n d a n i m p r e ss io n of t h e ( u n publ i s h ed ) coppe r plate p r epa r edf r o m t h e latte r ; t h e d r aw i n g g i ves t h e f r u i t , as to w h ic h t h e r e i s an ote 0 11 t h e ske tc h — “ t h e caps ule d i r ty

“ b r ow n , t h e s eeds o ra n gec o lour

’

d —a n d b ra n c h es w i t h l eaves and fu l ly expa n ded flow e r s , t h u ss upple m e n t i n g t h e r a t h e r poo r h e r ba r i u m spec i m e n s w h i c h s h ow o n lyinn nature flow e r s

,n o f rui t , a n d s m al l l ea ves . 1 do n ot k n ow 0 11 w h a t

mate r ia l B row n based h is desc r i pt io n , but a m i n c l i n ed to t h i n k i tm ust h a ve bee n f r o m Ba n k s ia n spec i m e n s i n h i s own h e r ba r i u m ,

a l t h o ug h t h ese w e r e n ot fou n d w h e n h i s co l lectio n s w e r e i n co r po r atedi n t h e Museu m He r ba r i u m .

11 . Lou’

s ARBOREU S G . Fo r ste r .

A l t h o ug h , a s 11as a l r eady bee n s h ow n , B r ow n’ s desc r i ptio n o f

J. ansz‘ra l z

'

s i n c luded n o r efe r e n c e to Fo r s te r ’ s pla n t,a s h eet i n t h e

Mu seu m He r ba r i u m s h ow s t h at h e s ubseque n tly i n c l uded ] i t u n de rt h at spec ies . Tl1 1s f i o m B "

’

1o 11 n s l 1e1barium i s label l ed by h i m '

Carmichae l ia [ h e alw ays spel t the n a m e t h u s] n ob . Lotu s a r bo r eu sFo r st . prodr . ex h e r b . G . Fo r ste r apud l ) . Lam be r t .

” To t h e s h eet i sattac h ed a n ote , al so i n B r ow n

’ s h a n d :“ L o fus a rboreus Fo r st . i n

l l erb . La m be r t a Cr . Fo rstcro i pso c u m n o m i n e supradat o prodr .

Spec i m e n s,o n e w i t h e n la r ged o va r i u m t h e co r o l la fal l e n : i t has

l eaves w h i c h e sse n t ia l ly ag r ee w it h t h ose of Si r J . Banks’

s spec i m e n s .T h e u l ti m ate b ra n c h es are n ot pla n e - co m p r ess i [as B r ow n h ad desc r ibedt h e m ] but so m ew h at o r r a t h e r ve ry d eeply fu r r ow ed and m uc hn a r r ow e r t h a n t h ose of Si r .l . B .

’

s spec i m e n s . T h e r ace m i are si m i la r .T h e r e are t w o ra m ul i w i t h f r u i t, o n e w i t h 2

,t he ot h e r w i t h 3 ,

ofw h ic h the va l ve s h a ve n ot fa l l e n o ff but h a ve begu n to sepa rate a t



E . l usil an icum. U n de r n eat h t h i s ce n t r a l r osette t h e r e i s sue late r a ls te m s , a r ra n ged i n a c i r c l e , to t h e n u m be r of 20 to 50 acco rd i n gto t h e st r e n gt h of t h e i n d i v id ua l . E ac h of t h e se , w h e n detac h ed ,m ig h t 0 11 a cu r so ry i n spec t io n be m i stake n fo r E . vulgare , if i t w e r en o t fo r t h e i r cu r vatu r e . T h e co lou r of t h e co r o l la s i s typ ica l ly b r ill ia n t coba l t- blue w i t h pu r p l e - pi n k sta m e n s

,but va r i es to al m ost

“ E to n pal e bl ue a n d to glo r iou s v iol et - pu r pl e . T h e co r o l la isla rge r t h a n i n ita l icumo r i n l usz

’

l an icum,n o t qui te so b i g a s in t h e

la r ge - [l ow e r ed fo r m s o f vulgare, a n d le ss i r r egula r t h a n in t h e lat te r ;in so m e case s i t m ig h t be ca l l ed sub- r egula r ; a s i m i la r va r ia t io n int h e fo r m of t h e co ro l la i s w e l l k n ow n i n E . r osul atum, in w h i c h Ih a ve obse r ved i t i n m y own ga rde n . T h e exse r ted s ta m e n s a r e ve ryu n equal i n l e n gt h w i t h q u ite glab r ous fila m e n ts . I t i s n o t a s t r i gosepla n t ; t h e lea ves a r e ac ute , ful l g r een ,

n ot g r ey i s h , c o ve r ed w i t h au n i fo r m h o m o m o r p h ous pubesce n ce .

G ay ’ s MS . desc r i pt io n of a spec i m e n i n h i s h e r ba r i u m at Kew ,

w h ic h I h a v e quo ted i n m y pape r 0 11 E c/u'

zun sa lman t icumin Jou r n .L i n n . Soc . , x l i v . 378 i s e xce l le n t .I w as to ld by a w o m a n o n t h e spot t h at t h e p la n t

,w h i c h i s con

spicuous e n o ug h to a tt rac t atte n t io n w h e r e ve r i t g r ow s,i s ve r y

ple n t i fu l at h e r n at i ve place , t h e Ba n o s de Mo n te m ayo r , w h ic h l ie sj u st w i th i n t h e p r o v i n ce of Sala m a n ca . T h i s i s so m e s l ig h t confirmat io n of t h e op i n io n I h a ve p r e v i ous ly exp r essed , t h at E . p o lycau lon

Bo i ss . i s ide n t ica l w i t h t h e doubtfu l E . sa lman ticum Lag. D r. Bal

guerias , of t h e D epart m e n t of Bota n y at Mad r id , k i n d ly m ade as ea r c h fo r m e , but w as u n abl e to t race a n y o r i gi n a l spec i m e n of

Layasca ca .

T h e loca l n a m e of t h i s E chiumat La Bazagona i s P incuine la ; afa r m e r to ld m e t h at i t is a n exce l l e n t r e m edy fo r to ot h - ac h e— t h eflow e r s w i t h t h e calyce s a r e p i cked 0 11 a n d steeped i n a lco h o l fo rt h r ee o r fo u r days ; w h e n t h e sp i r i t h a s co m plete ly abso r bed t h ecol ou r

,t h e l i q uo r i s d r a i n ed otf a n d appl ied to t h e gum s . I suspec t

t h at the v i r tue i s in t h e a l co h o l m o r e t h a n in t h e P incuine la.

CAPTAIN COOK ’ S MSS .

ON March 21 , at Sot h eby’ s , a n u m be r o f MSS . a ssoc iated w i t h

Capta i n Ja m es Cook w e r e d i sposed of by auct io n . T h ey w e r e sold byo rde r of t h e t r u stees of M r . H . W . F . Bo l ckow

,of Ma n to n Ha l l

,

Ma n to n , n ea r C l e ve la n d , Yo r k s h i r e , i n w h i c h v i l lage Cook w as bo r ni n 1728 . T h e field i n w h i c h h i s fat h e r ’ s cottage s tood i s ca l ledCook ’ s G a r t h i n t h e c h u r c h i s a m o n u m e n t to t h e g r eat ex plo r e r ’ sm e m o ry , a n d i n t h e c h u r c h ya r d i s t h e to m bsto n e of Ma r y Wa lke r

,

w ho ta ug h t you n g Cook to r ead , h i s fat h e r bei n g a day - l abou r e r i nh e r se r v i ce . Bol ckow , a n ati ve of G e r m a n y, who ca m e to E n gla n da n d d i ed i n 1878 , ca m e to E n gla n d i n 1827 a n d r eal i zed a la r gefo r tu n e as a n i r o n ma n ufac tu r e r a t Middl esb r oug h . T h e h i sto ry oft h e MSS . i s to so m e extent in vo l ved i n m yste ry —n o r efe r e n ce i s m ad eto t h e d ia ry i n Ad m i ra l \V l1arton ’

s p r efac e to t h e t r a n sc r i pt ion of

CAPTA IN cook’

s M S S . 261

Captain Cook’

s Journa l publ i s h ed by h i m i n 1003 : al l t h a t i s k n ow no f t h e m i s t h at t h ey h ave bee n a t Ma n to n Hal l fo r m o r e t h a n h a l f ace n tu ry . T h ey w e r e t h u s desc r ibed i n t h e Times of D ec . 7 , 1022 :

“ Of t h e n i n e lo ts , c h ief p ro m i n e n c e i s g i ve n to t h e auto g ra phm a n usc r i pt of t h e d ia r y w h ich Capta i n Cook kept du r i n g h i s fi r s tvoyage to t h e Sout h Seas , a n d deta i l i n g t h e r e ma r kabl e occ u r r e n c e s0 11 boa r d H .M . ba r que E ndeavour , f r o m May 27 , 1768 , to Ju ly 1 1 ,177 1 , a n d ex te n d i n g to about 740 fo l ios : one l eaf i n t h e a ccou n t ofTa h i t i i s , m i ss i n g . T h i s m a n usc r ipt was fo r m a n y yea r s u n k n ow n t oh i sto r ia n s , but t h r ee co n te m po r a ry copi es w e r e a vai lable , o n e a tWi n dso r

,one i n t h e Reco r d Oth ee , a n d t h at belo n g i n g to M r . Jo h n

Co r n e r (now i n t h e Au st ra l ia n Museu m at Syd n ey ) , f r o m w h ichAd m i r a l W h a r ton p r i n ted h i s ve r s io n i n 1893 . T h e r e a r e man v ve r ba ld i ffere n c es betw ee n t h e p r i n ted v e1 s io n a n d t h i s autog1 1ph 111anusc 1 ipt .

T h e seco n d lot i s a pe n da n t to lo t 1 , a n d c onsistsD

of c ontempo1a 1ycopies of Captai n Cook ’ s eo 1 1 espondence w i t h the Ad m i ra l ty conce1 n ingh i s fir s t voyage , a n d i n c ludes t h e sec r et i n st r uc t io n s a n d add iti o n a li n st ruc tio n s to h i m ,

k n ow n o n ly f r o m t h i s m a n usc r i pt . T h e t h i r d l o ti s t h e log-book of H .M .S . E ndeavour , May 26, 1768 , to Oc tobe r 5 ,

1770 ; w h i l e t h e n ex t i s t h e l og - book of H .M .S . D o lp h in , August 21 ,1766, to Oc tobe r 1 6, 1767 , deal i n g w i t h t h e v oyage to t h e SouthSeas u n de r Capta i n Sa m ue l Wal l i s . I t w as du r i n g t h i s voyage t h atTa h i t i was di sco ve r ed , a n d Wal l i s r epo r ted st r o n gly i n favou r of t h isi s l a n d as t h e m ost co n ve n i e n t place at w h i c h t h e T ra n s i t of V e n u s ,due to oc cu r i n Ju n e , 1769, cou ld be obse r ved , a n d i t w as h i s recommendat ion w h ic h l ed t h e Roya l Soc iety to r equest t h e Ad m i ra l ty t h att h e E ndeavour be se n t t h e r e . T h e autog rap h ma n u sc r i pt of Capta i nCook ’ s desc r i pt io n of t h e coast of No va Scoti a , New fou n dla n d , CapeB r e to n , &c .

,fo r m s a n ot h e r l ot . I t ex te n ds to t h i r tee n pages la r ge

fo l i o,a n d h as two m aps beaut iful ly d raw n i n w ate r - co lou r s , and pe n

and i n k . T h e m a n u sc r ipt was w r i tte n w h i l e Captai n Cook w as

m aste r of H .M .S . N or thumber laml , the dates r a n gi n g f r o m 1758 t o

1762 . A n ot h e r l o t co n s i sts o f Capta i n Cook ’ s sa i l i n g di r ect i o n s andme m o ra n da , p r obably w r i tte n 1755—62 w h i l e a n ot h e r i s a n e i g h tee n t hcen tu1y E p ito m e of V oyages 1497

—1685 , a n d p r e s u m ably used byCapta in Cook .

”

T h e leg w as s ee m ed fo r £5 ,000 by M r . W . H . Ifould , p r i n c i pa ll ibr '

a1 ian of t h e publ i c l i b1a1y of New Sou t h “fal e s , 11 11o ca m e 0 1 e r

o n pu1pose to obta i n i t and w ho al so gav e £ 1 ,780 fo r the o t h e 1 MSS .

T h ey w i l l be plac ed i n t h e M i tc h el l L i b r 11ry, S 1 1l iie1 , a n d 11 i l l e 1'1 nt ual lybe h oused 111 t h e Commonu eal th Na t io n a l Libi1i 1y.

SHORT NOTE S .

B RYU M SAUT E RI B ry. E ur. . i s 11 Burrrsn PLANT . I n re v i s i n gt h e Ha n dbook of B 1 itish Mosses fo 1 a th i1d ed it io n I n ot i1 ed WM .

111111 qu ite escaped in v uot i1 e pr _’

ev ious l 1 t h at Ho l k i i k , i n “11 se1 o nd

ed i t io n of h i s “ Sy n ops i s o f t h e 16 1 , g i 1 1 s t h i sspec i ess a s 11 B i it ish one , add i n g as the l oca lit ie s

“1 1 11 51111111 ( Sp1u1 e ) ;

202 TH E JOURNAL or B O'

I‘ANY

Sc o tla n d (M i tte n ) . B . Sauter i i s near to B . is

ge n e r a l ly r ecog n i sed as a good spec ies , and i f a B r i ti s h pla n t shou ldc e r ta i n ly be i n c l uded i n ou r m oss - flo ra . I ha ve fo u n d n o n ot ice of i ti n a n y oth e r w o r k ; B r a i thwa i te m akes n o r efe r e n c e to i t , n o r can Ifind a n y r eco rd of i ts d i sco ve ry i n B r ita i n . I have e n dea vou r ed t ot r ace the o r ig i n of th e r eco rd , but w i tho ut su cce ss . 1 do n o t k n oww he r e Hobkirk

’

s h e r ba r ium now i s , n o r , of cou r se , i s i t a t al l ce r ta i nthat i t w ou ld co n ta i n the spec i m e n s o n w h ich the r eco rd is based . Iha ve fa i led at p r e se n t s i m i la r ly to t r ace Sp r uce ’ s co l lect io n of m osse s .I have bee n i n fo r m ed that Schimper pu r chased so m e , at l ea st , ofthese at Sp ruce ’ s death , but Sch imper

’

s m oss he r ba r i u m a t Kew ha sn o th i n g to sugges t th i s , a n d the r e a r e at a n y r a te n o spec i m e n s ofB . Saul er i f r om B r i ta i n the r e . T he r e r e m a i n s th e r eco r d c r ed itedto M i tte n . I w r ote to the N ew Yo r k B ota n ica l G a rde n , ask i n g fo ri n fo r m at io n on th i s ; M r s . B r i tto n i n fo r m s me that the r e a r e n oB r i t i sh spec i m e n s i n M i tte n ’ s h e r ba r i u m , o n ly Sw i s s spec i m e n s ,co l lec t ed in pa r t by B la ck . It is a l i tt l e s ugge s t i ve that the e r r o n eousr eco rd of B rae/zyt/zec iw n trachypodium f ro m Ben Law e r s was co nnec ted w i th a n othe r Sw i s s spec i m e n col lected by B lack

,a n d i t look s a

l i ttle as i f M i tte n had co n fused the loca l i t ie s of so m e of B lack ’ s Sw i s sm os ses . In any case the e v ide n ce fo r B ay/umSauter i be i n g a B r i t i shp la n t ca n n ot be co n s ide r ed of a n y val ue , t he m o r e so as B r a ithw a item akes n o r efe r e n ce to it i n h is w o rk — H . N . D IXON .

POLLI NAT ION or V I SCUM ALBUM . Fo l low i n g up th e expe r i m e n tsw h ich w e r e begu n seve r a l yea r s ago , a n d r epo r ted in th i s Jou r n a l( 1916 , 292 ; 1918 , 331) ea r ly i n th e sp r i n g of last yea r , a sp r ig ofm ale Viscuma l bumw i th u n o pe n ed flow e r - buds was t i ed fi r m ly to aco r r espo n d i n g s p r ig of the fe m ale flow e r . The tw o sexes g r ow i n te rm i xed

,i n the pla n ts expe r i m e n ted upo n , a n d i t was n ot d iffi c u l t to

take o n e of ea ch k i n d , and t ie the m i n such a w ay that th e flower

buds we r e d i s ta n t f r o m eac h othe r about one i n ch ; the heads th u st i ed w e r e the n e n c lo sed i n ve ry fine s i l k gau ze , w h ich i s po l l e n - p r oof.Late r i n th e sp r i n g I n ot ic ed that a m i n ute i n sec t had fou n d a w ayi n to o n e of the bags , a t the p lace w h e r e the t wo ste m s w e r e t ied ;I th e r efo r e co n s ide r ed al l the expe r i m e n ts of 1922 as fa i l u r es . Th i syea r I r e peated the expe r i m e n t , but befo r e b i n d i n g the two s te m stogethe r

,I w r apped cotto n -w ool r o u n d eac h of the m , a n d afte r wa rd s

r o u n d the two togeth e r . O n to th i s cotto n -w ool the gauze bags w e r et ied

,a n d I a m ce r ta i n that th ey w e r e th us r e n de r ed co m plete ly i n sec t

p r oof. The m i stle t oe sp r igs that w e r e t ied togethe r w e r e the n m adeas r ig id as poss ib l e to p r eve n t th e w i n d m ov i n g the m . Out of five

pa i r s of sp r igs t r eated a s abo ve de sc r ibed , the fe m a le pla n t i n fourcases i s fe r t i l i zed a n d has w e l l - fo r m ed be r r ies . I t i s ve ry d iffic u l t toacco u n t fo r th e m eth od of pol l i n a t io n u n de r th ese c i r c u m s ta n ces

,as

i t was ce r ta i n l y i m poss ib le fo r a n y i n sec t to do i t , a n d fo r the w i n dto b low the pol le n ou t of the m ale ilow er ac r o ss a n i n ch of space tothe fe m ale l low er see m s equa l ly dillieul t , as the w i n d could n ot moveth e m . I ha ve n e ve r s ucceeded i n s hak i n g pol len out of m a le m istle toeflowe r s w hen i n b loo m .

—E 1‘11E LBE 1LT HORNE .



After a p r e l i m i n a ry expla n ato ry ac cou n t o f w ha t i s mea n t by th el i fe - h is to ry Of a Fe r n , a use fu l su m m a ry of the ra n ge of b iol og ica lva r ia t io n s a n d m o r pho log ica l adaptat io n s i n the se r ies , a n d a ge n era lr e v iew of th e m et hods a n d ideas of c lassificat ion— the last fo l low i n gt he usua l i n verted o rde r of Olde r sy ste m aty ,— the s ig n ifica n t c r i te r i ao f c o m pa r i so n a r e e stabl i shed as i n vo l v i n g tw e l ve po i n ts ( p .

Each of th ese i s th e n exa m i n ed c r i t i ca lly , to th e exte n t Of a chapte ro r m o r e ; the i m po r ta n t co n c l u s io n s a r e c l ea r ly s tated , a n d th e w ho l ei s bou n d to gethe r by a co n c lud i n g sec t io n “h ieh s u m m a r i zes thes ta n dpo i n t of the autho r , a n d the p r ese n t pos i t io n of th e Clas s i n th ege n e ra l s to ry of P la n t E vo lut io n .

Thus,a n a n a ly s i s of the shoot- sy ste m w i th i ts bud s a n d b ra n ch i n g

gets a s fa r a s the co n c lus io n tha t “ b la n ch i n g m ay be r efe r r ed tod i c ho to m y

,w i th equa l o r u n equa l deve lop m e n t of th e r esu l t i n g sha n k s ,

o r to the format io n o f adve n t i t ious bud s .

” D i c hoto m y w i l l he n ce ber ega rded as the p r i m i ti ve m ethod fo r Fe rns though a n y deepe r r easo nfo r th i s i s s t i l l l eft Ope n . I t i s pe r h aps i n the accou n t of LeafA r ch i tectu r e tha t P r ofes so r Bow e r i s a t h i s best ; a n d i n deal i n g w i ththe co m p l ex i t ies of seg m e n ta t io n a n d ve n at io n h e ha s la id the foundat io n fo r a co m p r ehens i ve v iew of a l l leaf- const ruct io n i n h igher pla n ts .The cha rac te r i s t i c d i ch oto m ou s ve n at ion of th e g r eat m ajo r i ty ofFe r n - types i s co n v i n c i n gly sh ow n , by se r i e s of o n toge n et ic co m pa r i so n ,to be th e su r v i va l of w hat w as o n ce d i c hoto m ous ra m ifica t ion ; new

exte n ded to a b roade n ed l a m i n a by phe n o m e n a of w ebb i n g ,”in

w h ic h the o r ig i n a l ve i n s beco m e seco n da r i ly co n n ected , fi r s t by am a r g i n a l co m m is su r e , a n d s ubseq ue n tly by th e add i t io n of f ree e n d sand late r a l b ra n ch i n gs to a r et iculate co n st r uct i o n . I t w i l l b e n otedthat th i s b r i n gs the p r i m i t i v e fe r n - f r o n d i n to l i n e w i th th at ofA r chwoca lamites ; the d i choto m ous v e n atio n of G inkgo is e v ide n tlya s tage i n the sa m e ho m oplast i c p r og r es s io n w h i l e the fa m i l ia r r et ic u late ve n ati o n of m ode r n A n g iospe r m s i s p r obably but th e e n d - ter mof a s i m i la r m o r pho logica l se r ies . Much of th is beaut if u l w o r k i s fo rthe fi r s t t i m e i n t r oduced i n te xt- book fo r m .

Chapte r s o n v ascu la r o r ga n i zat io n fol low th e acade m ic l i n es ofS te la r Theory . Fo r teach i n g pu r poses , a t a n y ra te , i t st i l l seemsim po ss ibl e to escape f r o m th e m echa n i ca l sche m es of P r otostel e a n dMedul lat io n , Solenoste lya n d Pe r fo ra t io n , D ic tyostelya n d Polycycly .

The leaf sys te m of vascula r s t ra n ds i s c lea r ly t r aced f r o m thecy l i n dr i ca l m e r i stel e to the h o r se - sh oe sect io n - patte r n so cha racte r i st i co f fe r n s

,a n d phy l et ic p r i m i t i ve n es s , o r adva n ce , m ay be j udged

acco rd i n g to th e deg r ee of d i s i n teg ra t io n . O n the othe r ha n d , ther oo t - cha racte r s a r e fou n d to gi ve l ittl e h e l p i n co m pa r at i ve study .

Such s te la r co n cept io n s a r e ad m i tted ly based o n e v ide n ce of so - ca l ledo n toge n etic r ecap itu lat io n ; and i n Chapte r X . a usefu l passage i si n t r oduced o n th e s ig n ifica n ce of s i ze - r el at io n s be tw ee n the co n d uct i n gs t r a n d s a n d the bul k of th e t i ss ues th ey supply . TO th i s m igh t ha vebee n added the d i ff i c u l ty i n ut i l i s i n g the sa m e syste m fo r o r ga n i s m si n w h ic h

,though the vol u m e of the adul t m ay va ry e n o r m ous ly f ro m

that of th e you n ge r pla n t,the ge n e ra l s i ze of th e t i ssue - u n i ts the m

se l ves re m a ins pra ct ica l ly u n iform ; so that o n toge n y i s not necessa r i ly

Q

THE FERN S ( F ILICA LE S )

recap itula to ry . How e ve r , n o fin a l i ty i s c la i m ed , “ E vo l u t io n has

fol low ed l i n es of oppo r tu n is m n ot o f logic a n d w ou ld - he s t e l is t s

m ay fo l low up th e cop ious l i t e r atu r e q uot ed w i th t h is sec t io n 1 150

r efe r e n ces) .

D i scuss io n of the spo r -e-°

p1oduc ing o rga n s fo l low s the l i n e s of t heautho r ’ s p r e v iou s 11 o 1k ( La n d l l e i a , 190 8 ) , in 1 111v i11g t he S imph ,

G radate , a n d M i xed So1 us . The p r i m it i ve spo iangiun i i s tak e n as

te r m i n a l o r m a rg i n al , a n d the s upe r fic ia l pos i t io n as de l ' ivat cfol low i n g i n c r ease of la m i n a - su r fac e i n a phy l et i c s l ide . Th e s to rvof the spo ra n gi u m i s aga i n fa m i l ia r

,w i t h its s tages o f a n n u l u s

p r og r es s io n a n d r e st r ic t io n of spo r e - 0 1.1tpu t . L i t tl e e v ide n c e o f co mparat ive value i s glea n ed f r o m th e p rotha l l us 11 ith it s a rch ego n ia ,

a n the r id ia a n d e m b ryo logy but o lde r i n te r p r eta t io n s of the i m porta n c eof th e octa n t e m b ryo a r e d i sca rded . Spec ia l p r omi n e n ce i s n o“a ttach ed to th e s to r1 of the suspe n so r , w h ich i s 1 egarded as pi o hablyve 1y p r i m it i vee fo 1 the Fem ph1 lum ; th i s v iew r ega rd i n g aga i n t hep r otha l l u s a s o i iginal lya m a ss i ve st 1uc t ure , w h il e t he e m b r y o n u r s edw ith i n i t i s co n ce i ved as “ a s i m ple leafy sheet f ro m t he first .

’

A

sho r t c hapte r dea l s w i th ab11o1 1nal it ies , apO spo iy, apogamy , r eve r s io n a lt e1ato logy,

and the tota l l i s t of pape r s quo t ed so fai exte n d s to o ve r300 ; th ese be i n g v e ry c o n ve n i e n t ly n um be r ed i n seque n c e , a n d gi 1 e nat the e n d of th e r espec ti ve sect io n s .

I n a co n c l ud i n g chapte r P r ofes so r Bow e r d r aw s togethe r th e th r ead sof h i s a rgu m e n t

,i n gett i n g dow n to th e A r ch et y pe of t he Fe r n s

w h ic h i s to be the ba s i s of fu r th e r syn th et i c t r eat m e n t of the

g r oup . 111 th i s he i s less happy tha n i n dea l i n g w i th facts a n dfigu r es of th e ge n e1 al text , i f o n ly becau se 111 w r it i n g but a pa 1 t o f :

genei al se r i e s of vol u m es h e 11 i s l1es to a1 o 1d poach i n g o n t he p r°es 1~1 1 es

o f o the r m i te s ; a n d l ittle ca n be sa id of a n y o n e g1ou p of pla n t s o ni n te r n a l e v ide n ce a lo n e , a n y m o r e tha n i n age - lo n g d i sc uss io n s of theo r ig i n of m a n f r o m data co n fi n ed to the h u m a n race . H ow eve r

,bv

add i n g togethe r th e co n c l u s io n s of the p r eced i n g chapte r s,it 1s

sugges ted tha t o n e m ay co n te m plate the p r i m it i ve Fe r n Spo rophy t eas a s i m ple

,up r igh t , r ad ia l , r ootles s shoo t , e ith e r u n b ra n ched o r

show i n g d i choto m y (th ough i t i s n ot c lea r how such 11 pla n tm a n aged e i th e r to sta n d up 0 1

° to get i ts wa te r su ppl i e s ) . Th e p 1 i 1 n it i ve fe r n leaf i s figmed a s lo n g sta lked w i th a d i sta l dicho to 1111 ofn a r row , sepa1ate , s i n gle

- ve i n ed seg m e n ts , a r ra n ged e i th e r 1 1 }11l i 1l l 1 o rb i fac ia l ly

,

” aga i n “ r ela t i ve ly r obus t i n p r i m a ry o rga n i za t io n ofpants

,

”w i th s i m pl e stela 1 st ra n d s , a n d bea r i n g d i s ta l o 1 1111

°

11gin11 |

so r i , th e p1 imit ive spe l angium la rge a n d e 11spo 1a11gi111te . l 11 fac t . o n ebegi n s to s1 nse Rhyn za 111 the o ili n g rath e r t ha n t he s pi n d le sh .1p1 d

en 1b1yo gi v i n g o ff e n at io n s ” of 1 718 Land F l o ; 11 ( l a11s ) S tude n t sw ho ha ve lo n g fe l t the ditlicul t v of cook i n g a Fe1 n - t 1'pe f ro m t he

m ode l of Lycop odmm S e lago w i l l be p leased 11 ith th i s al t e rna t iw“ r easo n ably te n ab l e hypothes i s .

” I t i s , of cou r se , no t e ven sun'

gested that th e Ps i lo phytal e s i n c l ude the d i r ec t a 111 e s t i 1 o f t he

F i l i ca l es ” but homoplas 1 affo rd s a coo11 1 enien t ke1 to m uch 11111 ie u t.

la n d - vegetat io n . Such l i ttle th i n gs a s th e o 1 igin o f th e 1°

oo t . 1 1 the

phy l lota x i s - syste in w h ich d i ff e r e n t ia te s lea f- m e m be r s f ro m lnaiiehe sare l ightly got ove r .JOURNAL o r Dorm s — V oL . Gl .


Ha v i n g t h u s la n ded t h e r eade r i n a Pal zeozo ic Scotti s h bog , o n ebegi n s to app r ec iate t h e appl i cat io n of the i n i t ial ap h o r i s m in t h ePr ; ,ef 1ce t h at “ i t i s bette r to t ra ve l hopeful l v t h a n to a r r i ve as al sos uc h new spape1 captio n s a s You n ge1 Me n l eft Co ld by M o1pho logV

( c f . BIO ; 1tmyP os t , Sept . ILL, a n d o n e i s l eft to w i s h t h at

P r ofes so r Bow e r h ad fo l low ed R . L . S . a l i tt le fa r t h e r fo r i n sp i r at io n,

to w a r m a n d t r op ica l seas . Ho m oplas y has a soot h i n g sou n d ; butj us t a s i t 11as bee n sai d t h at e ve r y t h i n g i n pla n t organi7ation i s a n1daptat ion i f o n e on lv goes far e n oug h back , so al so ev erv su r v i v i n gs tructu ral featu1e m us t h a ve bee n e m i n e n tly h o m opla st i c to begi nw i t h and i t i s up to t h e apostl e of h o m oplasy w ho de m o n st rates t heide n ti ty of r e sul t-ant m o r p h ology to s h ow a l s o ide n t i ty of t h e m ou ldi ng p rocesses . M a n y m o r p h ological a n d a n ato m i cal sc h e m es

,a n d the

e labomt ion of r ea so n ably te n a bl e h ypot h eses , m ak e ted iou s r ead i n g ,

h ow e ve r sk i l ful,u n l ess i l l u m i n ed by so m e co n c ept io n of 1

71 0 10 t h e

m ac h i n e w as w o r ked , a n d w hy i t c h a n ged . G r a n ted t h at “ i t see m sp r obabl e t h at the A lga l p roge n i to r s of bot h ge n e rat io n s m ay h a vebee n s ti l l fi lam e n tou s w h e n t h ey es sayed t h e t ra n s it io n f r o m w ate r tol ife 0 11 la n d ,

” i t i s s uffic i e n tly ev ide n t t h at t h e p r ese n t a n a ly s i s of t h ec 1ite1 ia of compa1 ison co uld be sca r c ely take n fu1 the1 w i t h out co m i n gdow n to t h e f l ee c el l s of t h e pla n kto n p h ase , as equal ly i n d i cated bvt h e sto ry of t h ei 1 1 epi od1

'

1ct ion . He n c e o n e awa i ts w i t h spec ia li n te r est t h e p r o m i sed sy n t h eti c seco n d v o l u m e to expla i n t h e suc

c essive s tages i n t h e b io log ica l co n d i t io n s to w h ic h t h es e beaut i fu lp la n ts a r e t h e su r v i v i n g r espo n se .Typog rap h i cal p r ese n t m e n t , pape r , co ve r , a n d n et p r ic e fo l low

th e l ofty sta n da r d now r e cog n i zed as bel o n gi n g to t h e Ca m b r idgeP r es s . T h e n um e r ous figu r es a r e c l ea r and r ea l ly do i l l u st rate t h etext .

Conspec t‘us F l ora? F emzz

'

cce . V o l . ‘I . Pa r s v . Sc r op h u la r iac eae

D i psacaceae . By HJALMAR HJ ELT . 8 vo , c lot h , pp . 450 .

Hel s i n gfo r s , 1923 .

THE fi r st vol u m e of t h i s F lo r a (P fer idop bg/{e to q aclaccce) w aspubl is h ed i n 1888— 1895 ,

vo l . 2 i n 1902 , a n d so o n up to t h i s pa r t .T h e r e r e m a i n s o n ly the Composz

'

ife to co m plete the w o r k , a n d t h i sw i l l n ot be an easy task , as Norril in as lo n g ago as 1889 desc r ibed5 1 new spec i es of H ie i 'ncumz. T h i r ty -fiv e yea r s i s a l o n g ti m e , butt h e excel l e n t fo r m of t h e fi r s t vo lu m e has bee n mai n ta i n ed t h r oug h out .O ne of t h e m ost n otabl e featu r e s of the Flo ra i s t h e spl e n d id bibl io

gi aph v ,of w h ic h t h i s pa r t c o n ta i n s t h e se ve n t h i n stal m e n t .

Natui al ly, the l i teratu r e i s mo stly Sw ed i s h a n d Fi n n i s h , a n d i n t h i spa r t i s o n ly o ne r efe r e n c e to a B r i ti s h h ook : t h e ge n e ra l l i te ra tu r e i sgi ve n i n the fi r s t pa r t . I t i s r e m a r kable t h at fo r so s m al l a cou n t r yt h e l i te ratu r e s h ould be so exte n s i ve ; i n t h i s pa r t alo n e 160 r efe r e n c esare gi ve n . T h e d i st r i but io n is based o n t he d i v i s io n s gi ve n i n t h eIf e rbnr iumfiIuse im ici a m os t i n te r es ti n g l i ttle w o r k

,i n

w h ic h the ra n ge of the s pec i es i s g i ve n i n pa ral l elog rams .Co n t rast i n g the Flo ra as co n tai n ed i n t h i s pa r t w i t h ou r ow n

, the


2 138 TH E J OURNAL O F BOTANY

un de r stood . i t att e m pts to gi ve detai l ed w o r d -desc r i pti o n s— te r m ed

pen- po r t rai ts "

- o f t he uncro sc opical c h a rac te r s of t h e n u m e r o u spa r ts of pla n ts u sed i n m ed i c i n e and p h a r m acy , a n d i n c l udes descriptio n s o f s ta r c h es , ba r k s , l low ers , l ea ves , h e r bs , w oods , r oots , r h i zo m es ,s eed s , and o t h e r pla n t - st r uc tu r e s fou n d i n t h e va r iou s Pharmacopce iasand used i n t h e p h a r m acy .

T h e book i s w r i tte n i n E n gl i s h , t h e g r eate r pa r t of t h e actua lw o r k h av i n g bee n ca r r i ed ou t by D rs . M 0 11 a n d Janssonius ; t h el i te ra ry fo r m w as gi ve n to t h e va r ious m o n og rap h s by tw o lad y cow o r ke r s— M iss A . B . Lebeboer, w ho , ow i n g to i l l - h ealt h , w as unfor

t unat e ly obl iged to r el i n q u i s h t h e w o r k w h e n pa r tly fi n i s h ed , a n dM r s . C . v an E ek - dc W i l

‘ie s

,w ho co m pleted t h e task . I t fo r m s a

va l uab l e co n t r i but io n to t h e l i te ratu r e of P h a r m acog n osy a n d s h ow se v 1denc e of t h e g r eatest ca r e i n i ts p r oduc t io n ; o n e ca n n ot bu t feel ,h ow e ve r , t h at t h e aut h o r s w ould h a ve bee n w el l ad v i sed had t h eyso ug h t t h e co l labo r at io n of a n E n gl i s h p h a r m acog n os i st o r bota n i s tso as to h ave gi ve n t h e i r w o r k a m o r e fi n i s h ed l i te r a ry sty l e , si n c e thel a n guage occas io n al ly leaves o n e i n so m e doubt as to t h e exac t m ea ni n g w h i c h the aut h o r s i n te n d to co n vey .

T h e Pen -Po r t r a its a r e p r oduc ed by w h a t t h e aut h o r s te r m t h epo r t r ayi n g met h oc by w h ic h t h ey mea n the appl i cat io n to

111ic ro seopieal desc r ipt io n of a pla n s i m i la r to t h at u sed by L i n n aeusfo r th e syste m at i c c h a r acte r i sa tio n of pla n ts . A se r i es of “ gu id i n gsc h e m e s ” fo r t h e desc r ipt i o n of a n ato m i cal pla n t st r uc tu r es of al l

k i n d s,f r o m s i n gle c e l l s a n d t h e i r c o n te n ts to t issues and pla n t o r ga n s ,

i s p r o v ided a s an i n t r odu cti o n to t h e m a i n body of the w o r k ; t h e r et h e n fo l low s an al p h abet ica l b ibl iog r ap h y , w h i l e t h e r e m a i n de r of t h ebook i s oc c u pi ed w i t h t h e pe n - po r t ra i ts t h e m se l ves .

O ne of t h e p r i m a ry obj ec ts of t h e book i s to r eplac e d r awi n gsby ve 1

-l i d desc r i pt io n s ; t h e va r i o us m o n og rap h s , deal i n g w i t h the111ic ro scopyof o n e h u n d r ed d rugs , a r e i n te n ded to se r ve as exa m pl es oft h e k i n d of d esc r i pt io n t h at m ay e n ab l e t h e r eade r to bu i l d upa m e n ta l pic tu r e of t h e m i c r oscop i ca l s t ruc tu r e w i t h out t h e a id of aset of sec t io n a l d raw i n gs . I n e ve ry i n s ta n c e t h e desc r ipt io n fol l ow san o rde r ed seque n c e based upo n t h e guid i n g sc h e m es

,a n d va r i ous

s y m bol s and abb r e v iated fo r m s of exp r ess i o n a r e m ade use of so as tos h o r te n t h e desc r i pt io n s a n d m ake t h e m l es s ted io u s to r ead t h i s i st h e c h a rac te r i s t i c r efe r r ed to by t h e w r i te r s a s a k i n d o f tel eg r a ms tyl e .

” I n t h i s w ay“ co m plete n e ss of desc r i pt io n is assu r ed , a n d

a 111'

1xi111um of i n fo r m at io n co n veyed by a m i n i m u m of w o r ds . ”

T h e w o r k i s i l l u st ra ted by 1 11 d iag ra m s of sec tio n s,but n o

11gu res of i n d i v idual c el l s a r e i n c l uded . T h e obj ec t of t h e figu r es i st o co n vey to t h e r eade r t h ose el u s i ve featu r es of sec ti o n s w h i c h maybe r e fe r r ed to u n de r t h e te r m “ h ab i t ” a n d w h i c h i t i s at p r ese n ti m poss ib l e to exp r ess by w o rd s alo n e . By p r oduc i n g desc r i pt io n s ofsu llie ien t d eta i l a n d acc u racy , D rs . Mol l a n d Janssonius co n s ide r thate ve n tua l l y e ve n t h ese “ h abi t ” d iag rams w i l l beco m e u n n ec essa ry .

T h e i l l u s t ra t i o n s are ve ry w el l a n d ca r e ful ly p r oduced , a n d are so m eo f the be s t d iag ramm at i c figures t h at h a ve e ve r bee n publ i s h ed ; t h eyh a ve bee n m a de f ro m the p r epa rat i o n s by m ea n s of the ca m e ra l uc ida

BOTANICAL PEN - PORTRAITS 2159

and ve1y ca r eful ly w o 1ked up. E ac h d 1 aw ing i s ac compan i ed bv a

se 1 1le f1 om w h ic h its d imens io ns can be ro

eadily obta ined , but 110 ind ication o f t h e c ow esponding magn ificat ion expi e ssed in diamet e1 s i sg i ven . T h is 13 to be 1 eg1et ted , s inc e d1aw ings ca n be compa r ed mo r er ead i ly by not ing t h e m agn i fica t ion in d iamete r s t h an by t h e U se o f

l es,and t h e r eade r a l so qu ick ly obta ins an i dea of t he comb ina t io n

o f len se s n eeded to p roduce a r esu l t s imi la r t o t h a t figu r ed . A

fu r t h e r i m p ro ve m ent t o t h e legends w ould be made w e r e t h e lette r sand 11bb1e viat ions p r inted in a type d iffe r ing c l ea r ly f rom t h at u sedfo 1 t h e explanat ion s fo l low ing t h em.

Wi t h t h e genel al p1oposit ion of the aut h o r s t h a t i t i s imposs i bl eto m ake r ea l imp ro vements in t h e a r t of d raw ing for botan ical purposes . t h at “ t h e figu r e s in t he w o rk s o f D odoneans and Fuc h s a r evastly supe r io r t o any p roduc t of the p r esent age ,

”and t h at the

an c ient E gyptian a1 t is ts w ou ld h a ve e ven surpassed t h em,

one

canno t poss ibly agi ee . One feel s , h ow e ve r , t h at desc1 ipt ion ofm ic ro scopi ca l st ruc tu r e i n t h e past h a s not been a s compl ete o r

s1 st e1n 11t ic as i t m i g h t h a ve been ,and P cn P 0 7 t / azts 11 il l do good b1

cal l ing atte n t ion t o t h i s defec t and by suggest ing m et h ods of desc 1 ipt io n w h ic h a1 e appl i cable to t h i s type of w o r k . As po inted out in

t h e vo lume i t se lf , suc h systemat i c desc r ipt ion of a m o r e l imi tedc h a racte r 11as a l r eady been f r eely us ed by p r e v ious aut h o r s , suc h a sG amble ( 1902 ) and Ston e ( 1904 ) i n t h e i r books desc r ibing commerc ial t i m be r s and by Koc h i n h i s D ie mikroskop ische A na lyse ( le r

B rogenpu l ver and P karmako‘gnosz

‘ischer A t las . D r s . Mo l l and

Jansson ius cla i m to have m ade an advance upon t h ese by int roduc inga "

pe1 spcct ive (l esmipt ion ,

”w h i c h co m bi n es i n one s tate m ent t he

pa r ti cu la r s obta ined by the study of sec t ion s in t h ree d i1ec t ions at

1 igh t angl es to one a n o t h e r . I n t h e opin io n of the aut l1oi s , there 1s

t l ius put be fo 1 e the 1 eade r suffic i ent deta i l to enabl e him t o bui l d up11 menta l p ictu r e of t h e cel l s, t i s sues , and o r gan s 1is so l i d st 1uctu1 es .

In do ing t h i s ,“ t h e pl11 sical enemy of t h e studen t i s ”

undoubted lvtaxed 1at l1er h ea vi ly , and, al t h oug h t h e desc 1 iptions fo r m a 1

' °

c 1 v

useful m et h od of 1 eco1ding fac ts , one can ba l dly s h a r e t he 1 ie 11 o ft h e ant l 1o 1 s t h a t “ i t tends t o make pic tmes 1no 1e and mo r e supe rl luous . 0 11 t h e con t i ary, one feel s , af te r 1 cading t h ese el.1bo1ate

desc r i ptions , t h at tl1e1 n eed to be supplemen te d by good deta i ledd r aw ings befo r e one can fo rm an accu r ate i dea o f t h e st ruc t u re sde s c r i bed . The desc 1 ipt ions se r ve to d1 11w atten tion to a l l e s sen tia ldeta i l s and to e m p h as i s e d iagno sti c cha1ac t ers , but canno t be c on

s idered as be ing complete in ‘

tbemsel ves apa r t f r o m i l lustrat i v ed raw ings .

O ne feel s al so so m e doubt a s to the p r ec i s e a im of t h e dimens ion s gi ven fo i t h e va r ious c e l l s . I t r equi re ss a stud1 of a ve1y la rger ange of spec imen s bt fme one can lay dow n max ima and m i n ima fo rt he s ize s of al l t he ce l l . con ce rned ; and , a l t h oug h t h e numbe 1 s gi venmay accurate l 1 r eco r d t h e d imen s ion s o bse r ved in o ne or a few

p1eparat io ns . i t 11 ould be unu ise to acc ept t h em as e 1 ite 1 i11 fo r t he

e \\ e lus ion o f mate r ia l a s fo i e ign 0 1 as 5 0 pl1ist ic 11ted . l* o i exa m ple ,


u n de r Li g n u m Quassize , t h e vessel s ai e s tated to m ea su r e ta n ge nt ia l ly i n t ra n s ve r s e sec t io n up to 1 10 o r w h e r ea s o n e hasm eas u r ed t h e m up to and t h e d raw ing i n fig. 75 s h ow s v esse l sm eas u r i n g up to 180 11 ta n ge n t ia l ly a n d u p to 200 /a r ad ia l ly , t h em ax i m u m rad ial m eas u r e m e n t r ec o rded be i n g y. S i m i la r ly

,t h e

l ibrit'

o rm fi b r es a r e desc r ib ed a s h av i n g a l e n gt h of 7 50 to 900 11 ,w h e r eas t h e r e v i ew e r has m easu r ed t h e m f r o m 500 to 1100 P Aga i n

,

u n de r Fo l i a Lau r oce r as i ,” t h e h e i g h t of bot h t h e uppe r a n d low e r

ep id e r m a l c el l s i s gi ve n as 25,u , w h e r ea s t h o se of t h e l ow e r epide r m i s

are a lways s m al l e r t h a n t h ose of t h e Uppe r . I n t h e cas e of leav esl i ke t h ose of E uca lyp tus , w h e r e t h e r e i s a ve ry t h ic k c ut ic l e

,n o

i n d icat io n i s gi ve n as to t h e p r opo r tio n ex i s t i n g betw ee n t h e l u m e na n d t h e t h i c ke n ed oute r w a ll .T h e m o r e o n e stud ie s t h i s book

,t h e m o r e o n e fee l s t h e n eed of

detai l ed d raw i n gs to acco m pa n y t h e e labo rate desc r iptio n s w h i c h are

gi ve n of s i m ple st r uc tu r es suc h as s ta r c h es,a n d of m o r e co m pl e x

o r ga n s suc h as l eaves a n d f rui ts . A gla n ce at a good d r aw i n g w i l lr e vea l m uc h m o r e t h a n ca n be co n veyed i n w r i tte n w o rds a n d i sa lwa y s n eeded to ass i s t t h e m i n d i n t h e e ffo r t to v isual i se t h e obj ec tsdesc r ibed . I t se ems to us t h at bot h d raw i n gs a n d desc r ipt io n s are

n ec es sa ry , a n d t h e book s e r ves a ve ry usefu l pu r pos e i n d i r ec t i n gatte n t ion to t h e m eag r e n es s of m a n y a n ato m ica l desc r i ptio n s a n d i nfo r m u lati n g sc h e m es a n d p r o v id i n g exa m ples fo r t h e i r adequa tet r eat m e n t . I t s h ou ld be i n t h e possess i o n of al l se r io us s tude n ts ofm ic r oscop ica l p h a rmac og n osy , and w i l l do m uc h to st i m u late t h o ug h ta n d w o r k i n t h i s i m po r ta n t depa r t m e n t of E co n o m i c Bota n y .

T . E . VVALLi s .

BOOK -NOTE S , NE‘VS , ETC .

THE fi r s t A n n ua l R epo r t of t h e B r i t i s h B ryolog ica l Soc iety affo rdsg rat i fyi n g e v ide n c e of t h e e n e r gy a n d ac t i v ity of t h i s r ece n t add i t i o nto ou r sc i e n t ific bod ies— an a m a lgam atio n , w e gat h e r f r o m t h e lette rof t h e Sec r eta ry

,M r . D . A . Jo n es , M .Se .

, of t h e tw o sect io n s of t h eMoss E xc h a n ge C l ub . T h e mu m be1 of m e m be r s i n J u ly was 87 ;

W’Ir . H . N . D i xo n i s P1 esiden t ; \Iessrs . F . R i l sto n e a n d A l be r t\V i l so n a r e d i st r i buto r s fo r Mosses a n d Hepati c s r espec ti vely ; M r . J .

A . W h e ldo n i s T r ea su r e r , a n d t h e r e i s a r ep r ese n tat i ve l i st of r efe r ee s .A m o n g t h e m ost i n te r esti n g r eco r d s i s t h at of L op/coma Kunzemza

,

f r o m t h e I s l e of Man,h i t h e r to k n ow n o n ly f r o m t h e Sco tt i s h H i g h

la n ds . F ro m an ed ito r ia l sta n dpo i n t , t h e Repo r t i s ope n to c r it ic i s m .

I t co n ta i n s l i sts , w i t h l oca l i t i es a n d n otes,of Sp h ag n a

,Mosses

,a n d

H epati c s , but t h e tex t begi n s ab r uptly “ Sp h ag n a ”w i t h out any

p r e l i m i n a ry i n d i catio n 0 11 w h at p r i n c i pl e t h e l i sts a r e compi l ed,

beyo n d [t h e n ote u n de r Sp h ag n a t h at A n A s te r is k de n otes N ew

V i c e -Co m i ta l Reco rd s . T h e typog rap h i ca l a r ra n ge m e n ts,as t h e

se n te n c e j ust quo ted s h ow s,are s uscept i ble o f i m p r o ve m e n t ; a n d

t h e r e are n o h ead i n gs to t h e pages — a se r ious d raw bac k to the usefu l n e s s of t h e w o 1k .

'

l l ie 1e a 1e ob i tua ry n o t i ce s of H . Pea i so n,

\ 1c e ide n t of t h e Soc i ety , and of ( 18 54—1$l‘

w ho

ha d bee n fo i mam'

w a1 s S i c r eta1 r of the Mo s s E xc h a n g e C l ub . c


272 1 1112 JOURNAL or BOTANY

TH E E ssex N atura l is t (xx . pt . i ss ued i n Septe m be r , co n ta i n st h e P r e s ide n tia l Add r es s de l i v e r ed by M r . Paul so n at t h e A n n ua lhIeet ing i n Ma1 c l1 las t o n T h e Fu n gus r oo t T h epape r , w h i c h 13 il lust 1ated by t h 1 ee plates f i o m 1r i c 1o -

pl1otog1aph s,gi ves a su m m a ry of t h e t h l ee per tio l s— 1810”18

8 51885 1891 ;

1 891 —1901 — in t h e s tudy of t h e fu n gus me t as 1ecogn ised by G a l la n din 1901 , s i n c e w h i c h date t h e n u m be r o f w r i te r s o n t h e s ubj ec t hasr ap idly i n c r eas ed ; i t dea l s es pec ial ly w i t h t h e ec tot r opic fu n gus - r ootand pa r t i c ula r ly w i t h t h a t o f t h e b i r c h - t r ee , w h i c h has occ up ied t h ew 1 i te1 ’ s atte n t io n fo 1 the last t ln ee vea1 s .

'

1he pa 1 t al so co n ta i n st h e til s t po1 t io n of a b io g rap h y of l t icha1d \Va1ne 1 ( 1 1 1 1 1775 ) byt h e late G . S . Boul ge 1 , i n te n ded as a n i n t r oduct io n to a n ew ed i tio nof t h e P l an tw Wood/

'

oml ie nses w h i c h was i n c o n te m pl atio n a n d an

i n te r es t i n g sketc h by Mis s W'

i l l m ott of her s i ste r , M rs . Be r k el ey ofSpetc h ley , who bega n a t Wa r l ey Lea , i n E ssex , t h e expe r i m e n ts u po nt h e c r oss - fe r t i l i sati o n of p r i m r oses w h ic h sh e afte r wa rds ca r r i ed o utw i t h s uc h su cc ess i n h e r Wo r c este r s h i r e h o m e . A copy of Tu r n e rand D i l lwy n ’ s B otan is ts

’

G uide , fo r m e r ly t h e p r ope r t y of E dwa r dFo r ste r a n d a n n otated by h i m , h as bee n acqu i r ed by t h e St r atfo r dMuseu m L ib ra ry .

M R . ARTHUR A . D ALL M AN 11as i s sued a p r ospectus o f The F lamof F l in t and D enbigh , o n w h i c h h e h a s bee n e n gaged fo r abouttw e n ty yea r s . I n addit 1on to t h e u s ua l co n te n ts of a fl o ra . i t w i l lco n ta i n m atte r s n ot a lways i n cl uded t h e r e i n ; t h e aut h o r has pa i dm uc h atte n t io n to p r obl e m s co n n ec ted w i t h po l l i n a tio n and tloral

b iol ogy , a n d t h e r esu lts of h i s o bse r va tio n s w i l l fi n d plac e fol k - l o r ea n d pla n t - n am es , obta i n ed a t firs t - h a n d , W i l l fo r m a featu r e ; t h e b iog rap h ica l sec ti o n w i l l c o n ta i n m uc h new and u n r eco rded m atte r .A l t h oug h the w o r k i s i n a fai r ly ad va n c ed s tage , i t is n ot yet poss ibl eto i n d i cate a defi n i te date fo r i ts publ i cat io n i ts p r i c e to s ubsc r ibe r sw i l l be a gu i n ea— n a m es s h o uld be se n t to t h e a ut h o r , w h ose add r es sc u r io us ly o m i tted f ro m the p r ospec tus— i s 17 Mou n t Road , H ig h e rT ra n m e r e , B i r ke n h ead .

WE u n de r sta n d t h a t t h e d i sco n t i n uatio n of t h e Cambr idgeB r itish F l o r a 11as bee n defi n i tely dec ided upo n t h e r e i s t h u s m o reneed t h a n eve r fo r a new B r i t i s h F lo ra , al t h oug h i t ca n n ot be sa idt h at t h e expe n s i ve a n d cum b r ous Ca m b r idge publ icat io n cou ld e ve rs upply t h e w a n t t h at 11as so l o n g bee n fe l t . So m e y ea r s ago i t wasa n n o u n ced in t h es e pages t h at t h e Rev . E . F . L i n to n had suc h a

w o r k in co n te m pl atio n , a n d h ad i n deed pa r tly p r epa r ed i t ; but h eh as aba n do n ed t h e idea , a n d t h e fie ld i s s ti l l u n oc c up ied . Suc h aFlo r a as i s d e m a n ded w ou ld be n o l ig h t task , b ut i t o ug h t n ot to bebeyo n d acco m pl i s h m e n t , eve n i f, as i n t h e case o f t h e Ca m b r idgebook

, t he wo r k w e r e u n de r take n by va r ious h a n ds— a sc h e m e w h ic h,

w e t h i n k , has m uc h to r eco m m e n d i t .

hIR . 1\IARTINU S NIJ l l o FF , of t h e Hague , has i s sued a w e l l p1 intedCatal ogue (No . 1 SS ) of B ooh‘s of the 1 7 th and 18 th Cc zi t zin es— a

co n t i n uat ion of t h at r ec e n tly i ssued of 15 th a n d 16th Centuiy books .

O R C HIS IN C A R N A TA L.


THE BRITISH FORMS OF ORCH I S INCARNATA.

B r THE RE V . T . STEPHEN SON , AND A . STEPHEN SON, D . Sc .

’

(PLATE

A M ONG ST t h e Ma r s h O r c h id s O . in car nate L . s h o uld p r obably. be gi ve n t he p r e m i e r pos i t io n , and it i s uuro r t unate t h a t 1t s h o uld so

lo n g h ave bee n r ega rded as a m e r e fo r m of U . l a /zj'

o iia . LIIIIHL‘US

sepa rated 0 . sambacina a n d U . in cur /i o ta f ront h is U . l u l l/ elm in

ed . 2 of F l ora b’

iie ciw d is t i n gu is h i n g U . in cur /111111 f r o mU . l a t ijbl ia by t h e fo l low i n g (a111u11gs t o t h e r ) c h arac te r s Fo h is

pa l l id e viridibus immaculat is ; nee sa tu rate v 1rid ibus maculat isCoro l l is pa l l ide incarnat is ; n ec rubr1s . l ’

e tal i s 2 dorsa l ibus to ta l i t e rre ll exis ; nec ta n tu m patul is , nec mac ulat is .

”E xcept t h a t t he do r sa l

pe tal s may be spo t ted , t h i s ag r ees qu i te w e l l w i th t he fl es h - co louredfo r m w h ic h i s p r obably co m m o n es t i n B r i ta i n . The spe c i m e n i nL i n n aeus ’

s h e r ba r i u m is a s h o r t pla n t 1 7 c m . l o n g , wa n t i n g t he

l ow est leaf ; t h ose r e m a i n i n g are l o n g a n d ve ry n a r r ow , 1 dm. by8 t h e w id t h be i n g t he sa m e fo r tou r - fifths of t h e l e n gt h . The

b rac ts a r e l o n g a n d r a t h e r n a r r ow , w i t h an e l bow - c u r ve be low v e 1yc h a rac te r i s ti c of t h e spec i es . The fl ow e r s are s m al l , t he spu r 1s

rat h e r l o n g a n d n a r r ow , t h e s ide - lo bes , as w e l l as o ne can see , are

b r oades t towa rds t h e base . T h i s pla n t co uld h a rd ly be m is take n fo ra n y o t h e r spec ie s .

Neve r t h e less,m uc h co n fus io n abou n ds bot h i n t h e te xt a n d

figu r es of B r i t i sh tloras . Babi n gto n ( ruiinua i, ed . 2 , 310 ; 18 1 7 )fi r s t sepa rated i t f r o m 0 . l a ti/oiia as a va r iety ; t h i s he la te r ( ed . 1

,

318 ; 1 2551 ) r a i sed to spec ific ra n k , Wit h a va r ie ty 13 U. awyew l z/ almRe i ch , of w h ich h e places 0 .

’

j rauns tcmer i B ea-h . a s a sy11o 11y111.

I t was C . B . C la r ke ( 111 Jou r n . L i n n . S oc . x i x . 20 0 , t . 3 1 ; IS S‘

J) who

c lea r ly de m o n st ra ted w h ic h fo r m of ou r Ma r s h O r c h id s r eal ly come

Spe n ds to L i n n aeus’ s desc r ipt io n . He desc r ibed a n d figu r ed a Ha m p

sh 1re pla n t w i t h pa l e g r ee n , u n spotted leave s and l lo w ers of a pa l efl es h - co lo u r w i t h a ye l low ish ce n t r e and c h a rac te r i s t i c l i p- pat te r n .

A s i m i la r fo r m appea r s a s 0 . l a t zjol ia i n C u r ti s’

s Fl . Lo n d . fasc . v .

t . 05 , as al so i n E . Bot . t . 2308 f r o m w h ic h la tte r t he figu reof 0 . la t if o l ia i n VVebster

’

s B r i t i sh O rch ids i s take n .

defi n i te ly t h r ow s o ve r t h e fo r m s of 0 . la t /jo l t} : w i t h spotted lca Ve s ,r ega rd i ng t h e m a l l as h yb r ids ; t he pla n ts w i t h u n spo t ted leaves h edesc r i bes i n s uc h a w ay as to suggest t h at he had 0 . in ca rna te

m a i n ly i n V iew ,t h oug h h i s deep pu r ple o r po r t - wmo flo we r s may

w e l l h a v e bee n A t any ra te , he i s o n the r ig h t t r ac kas r ega rds h i s g roup i n g

,t h oug h he takes an u n wa r ra n table l ibe i ty

w i t h t h e n a m es .A fu r t h e r so u r c e of difl icul tya r ose i n co n n ex io n w i t h t h ose ve ry

n u m e r ous Ma r s h O r c h id s w i t h u n spo t ted leave s w h ic h h a ve no w bee nseg r egated as 0 . pric /e rmi ssa D r uce . Fo r i n sta n c e , Ha l l and l

'

lhna n ,

i n t h e Wi n c h es te r Col lege r epo r t s , r ep roduced in Ho t . E xc h . t’

luh

Rep. 1917 , r efe r to as U . im'

uruu l u . l'

o rm i i . No w

t h at 0 . 1) 1w l c rmis sa has bee n so w el l e stab l is h ed . a l l t he dil lieul t ic s

Jo uamu , o r Bo '

rm 1 . (51 . LNo w n us u, x


have bee n d i spo sed of ; t h e d i scus s io n s a s to t h e r el a t ion of 0 . Ian'

f o l z'

a to t h i s spec i es w ou ld n o t now aff ec t O . in carna ta, w h i c h , inspi te of a l l its va r iatio n s of s i ze , h abi t, a n d co lou r , can be d i st i n

guished as a rul e w i t h pe r fec t c e r ta i n ty .

T h e fo l low i n g i s a ge n e ra l desc r i pt io n of 0 . incarnata

An o r c h i s a lways w i t h h o l low ste m , tube r s n a r r ow e r and ofte nm uc h lo n ge r t h a n i n t h e ot h e r spec i es of t h e g r oup , pal m ate o r bif u r cate o r r a r e ly s i m pl e . Lea ves glossy, ofte n fl es hy,

ofte n yel low i s hg r ee n , usua l ly e r ec t, sw o r d- l i k e , ofte n a l m ost touc h i n g t h e ste m ,

nea r ly a lways b r oadest qu i te c lo s e to t h e base , u sua l ly w i t h a st r o n gkee l a n d h ooded apex , so m eti m es s h o r t , so m et i m es l o n g , m uche xceed i n g the spi ke , always u n spotted . B r acts u sua lly b road a n dla r ge below , m uc h exc eed i n g t h e low e r flow e r s of the spike , oftenpu r ple , oft e n tu r n i n g up w i t h a n e l bow jus t below t h e mi dd le .F low e r , as a r u le , s m al le r t h a n i n a n y ot h e r Mars h O r c h i s . Liproug h ly obo vate i n ge n e r a l o utl i n e , l e n gt h a n d b r eadt h abou t t h esa m e , f r o m about 7 m m . , so m et i m es l o n ge r t h a n w i de , l es s ofte nw id e r t h a n l o n g , ce n t r e - lobe u sua l ly b lu n t, a n d ve r y s m al l , exceed i n gt h e s ide - lobes— so m eti m es , h ow e ve r , po i n ted , a n d so m eti m es qui teobsc ur e . S ide - l ob es m o r e o r l ess obscu r ely c r e n u late , a n d i n m< st

flow e r s o n e ve ry spi ke st r o n gly reflexed , w i t h a v e ry w el l -definedoblo n g patte r n fa i r ly pa r a l le l to t h e m ed ia n l i n e of the l i p . Muc hm o r e r ar e ly dot s o r b r oke n l i n e s take t h e place of t h e l ined pa tte r n .Spu r s h o r t, about t w o - t h i r ds as lo n g as t he o va ry w h e n t h e flow e rfi r s t ope n s , v e ry stout , r at h e r ab ruptly s h orte n ing to a blu n t e n dw h ic h i s ofte n s l i g h tly cu r ved . I t i s fo r t h e m ost part s h o r te r a n dstoute r t h a n i n t h e ot h e r Ma r s h O r c h ids . Sepals b r oad a n d usual lyqu i te e r ec t, ofte n touc h i n g bac k to back , and often w i t h blo tc h es o nt h e m . T h e co lou r of t h e flow e r va r ie s g r eat ly , w h i te

,r ose - pi n k

,

pu rpl e , a n d m a roo n be i n g fou n d , but n ot t h e l i la c a n d w h i te co mbinat ions of t h e Spot ted O r c h ids . Ow i n g to t h e s m a l l s i z e of thefl ow e r s

,t h e s pike i s ofte n m a r kedly nar r ow - cyl i n d r i c . T h ese va r ia

t io n s w i l l b e n oted in deta i l fu r t h e r o n . Se eds ra t h e r s m al l,w i t h

te s ta s h o r te r a n d b r oade r t h a n in any fo r m of 0 . pre termissa a n dmacu la ta , w i t h out spi r a l co i l s i n t h e ce l l s , w h ic h a r e of s m a l l m es h .T h e testa of 0 . purpure l la alo n e i s s m al le r , and h a s a n i n de n tedtape r ed apex, w h i l s t i n 0 . incarna te t h e apex is b r oad a n d al m os tflat .T h i s spec i es g row s i n t h e w ette st s i tuat io n s , ofte n i n hogs and

sta n d i n g w ate r . I t i s a l so fou n d i n g r ea t n um be r s i n damp sa n dyplaces n ea r t h e sea . A spec i m e n o f t h e type w h i c h i s p r obablyco m m o n est , a n d w h i c h w e se lected fo r desc r ipt io n , i s (1111 . h i g h

,

spi ke 92 c m . , de n se - flow ered . Leaves fi ve i n n um be r , al l la r ge a n dal m ost flat , t h e la r gest 20 x 2 5 c m . , t h e t h r e e la r gest oblo n g - lanceo

l ate , t h e two l ow e r r eac h i n g about h al fw ay up t h e spik e . Low es tb rac t 40 x 6 mm. , u ppe r m os t m uc h s m al l e r . Flow e r s ve ry pa l e r o syp i n k

,l i p about 7 x 7 m m . , ce n t r e lobe d i s t i n c t , i r r egula r , s ide - l o bes

i r r egu la r ly c r e n u late , oblo n g l i p-patte r n of fi r m oute r l i n e s w i t hpa ral l e l s t r eak s w i t h i n . Tube r s s m al l . T h i s pla n t i s f r o m No r fo lk ;i ts ge n e ral a ppeara n c e i s s tout and leafv w i t h a n a r r ow spi ke .



d i sti n c t colou r - va r i ety . We fi n d t h at t h e l i p of t h ese pla n ts has a wel lma r k ed ce n t r e - l obe , a n d n ote t h at t h e c h i ef d iffe r e n c e f r o m t h e typeis i n t h e ve ry h eav i ly - m a r ked l i p - patte r n of deep c r imso n . D r . D r uc ese e m s to h a ve h es i ta ted to so m e ex te n t as to t h e r el at io n of t h i s fo r mto h i s 0 . prce termissa va r . p n l c lw l l a . I t i s t rue t h a t t h ey ag r ee i nt h e i r r i c h pu r pl e co lou r a n d h eavy l ip - m a r k i n gs ; but t h e h abi t bot hof pla n t a n d flow e r i s d iff e r e n t . T h e N ew Fo r est pla n t i s u n doubtedlya fo r m of 0 . z

'

ncao'

nam,w h i c h t h e ot h e r i s n o t . 0 11 0 . p rw termissa

var. p n l cke l la , see Jou r n . B et . 1923 , p . 66 .

O . INCARNATA va r . OCH ROLE UCA Wustnei i s r eco rded i n t h eL ondon Cata l ogue . I t i s poss i bl e t h at i t is B r i t i s h , but w e do n otfeel qui te c e r ta i n about i t . We h av e fou n d at Kidw e l ly i n Sout hWales a n d i n Eas t A n gl ia a stout , pa le -ye l l ow fo r m

,w h i c h flow e r s

a bout a fo r t n i g h t ea r l i e r t h a n t h e type . A r ep r ese n tati v e spec ime ni s dm. h i g h , w i t h a de n se sp i ke 86 cm. l o n g . At t h e bas e fou rl eaves st r o n gly k ee l ed a n d sp r ead i n g, above tw o , m uc h s m al le r e r ec t,equal l i n g t h e top of t h e sp i ke . Blowei s w i t h a l ip of about 6 m m .

eac h wav , ce n t r e lobe p ro m i n e n t a n d so m ew h at deeply out ; t h ey a r epa l e st r aw - c ol ou r ed f1o m t h e fi r st

,w i t h a fa i n t l i n e -patte r n of t h e

u s ual type o n the l i p . Not h av i n g see n t h e Co n t i n e n ta l va r i e ty , w eca n n ot say co n fide n tly w h et h e r our pla n t w ou ld co r r espo n d . T h efo r m e r i s desc r i bed a s stou t , w i t h st r aw -ye l low o r b r ig h t ye l lowflow e r s ; it m ay h ave pal e ye l low flow e r s w i t h b r i g h te r ye l low l ips .I t see m s to be a w e l l -ma r k ed a n d co n sp i c uou s fo r m .

As h as a l r eady bee n sa id 273 ) Babi n gto n i n h i s M anua l , ed . 4

( fol l ow ed in Wil m ott’ s ed i t io n

,gi ves angns tgffbl z

'

a Re ic h . w i t hTrauns tez

'

ner i Koch as sy n o n y m , as a ,3- fo r m of 0 . in carnate . I nr efe r e n c e to t h i s w e m ay sa y t h at n o o n e of t h e n u m e r ous fo r m s o f0 . Trannsfein erz

’

h as bee n ce r t ifi ed as occu r r i n g i n B r i tai n . As toits poss i ble c o n n ex io n w i t h 0 . in carnate , w e m ay fi n d t h e c lue i nS c h u l tze ’ s D ie Or chz

'

daceen D eutschl ands a n d Asc h e r so n a n d G raebn e r ’ s Syn ops is , u n de r 0 . incarna te var. serotz

’

n a Hausskn . I t i sm e n ti o n ed i n bot h w o r k s t h at t h i s va r i ety has bee n ofte n m i s take nfo r a fo r m of O . Tranns teineri, f r o m w h i c h it s h ou ld be defi n i te lyd i sco n n ec ted . I t i s desc r ibed as a d i st i n c t fo r m , s l e n de r , usual lyfew -flow ered, a n d flow e r i n g about a fo r t n ig h t late r t h a n t h e type .We o n ce fou n d i n Suffo l k t wo pla n ts w h i c h c e r ta i n ly m ig h t co m eu n de r t h is h ead . T h ey w e r e g r ow i n g i n a w et peaty bog w h i c h co ntained m a n y fi n e pla n ts of t y pemem'

n ata a n d p r ce l ernzz'

ssa,t h e fo r m e r

o f w h i c h w e r e n ea r ly o ve r , i t be i n g July 12 . T h ese two spec i m e n sw e r e i n pe r fec t co n d it io n , m uc h s h o r te r (23 c m . ) a n d muc h m o r es l e n de r t h a n a n y ot h e r s , w i t h pal e pu r pl e flow e r s a n d a l ip - patte r n ofv e ry fi n e , r egula r ly - b r oke n l i n es . T h e l eaves w e r e n a r r ow a n d r at h e rs h o r t

,n o n e as lo n g as 10 c m . T h ese pla n ts m ay be var. serol ina ;

but a g r eat dea l m o r e evul enee i s n eeded befo r e w e ca n gi ve t h en ame a plac e i n o u r B r i t i s h l i sts . Ce r ta i n ly 0 . Tranns teiner i

(unyns tqffo l ia ) h as n o r i g h t t h e r e .T h e n ame incm'

nufa suggests t h at t h e o r i gi n a l pla n t of L i n n aeusw as of t h e d u l l ro se - pi n k t i n t , a n d w i t h t h i s h i s desc r ipti o n ag r ees“coro l l is pal l id e incarnat is nee rubris . The la r gest p la n ts we h a ve

BR IT I SH FORM S OF ORCH I S INCARXATA 277

see n a r e of t h i s type : o n e f r o m C r a n h a m , G le s . , h ad ve ry la rge g re enb rac ts , t i pped w i t h da r k pu r ple , i n cu r ved , t h e h ig h es t toppi n g t he

spik e ; a n ot h e r f r o m Wotto n , No r fo lk , h ad ve ry la r ge , pal e - g r eenb rac ts a n d pale r flowe r s . T h e co lo u r - va r ia t io n s of 0 . in carna te are

m uc h g r eate r t h a n i n t h e ot h e r a l l i ed spec ies,a n d of co n s ide rabl e

i n te r est . Two , a l r eady r efe r r ed to , a r e qu i te pec u l ia r— n a m ely , t h epa le st r aw -ye l low a n d t h e r i c h m a r oo n o r ma h oga n y - r ed . T h ese m aysta n d at oppos ite po l es i n t h e e vo l ut io n o f t h e s pec ies

,t h e ye l low

be i n g a r et r og r ade m utatio n , a n d t h e m a r oo n t h e m ost ad va n c ed .

T h ese bo t h g r ow toget h e r a t K idwel ly , a lo n g w i t h a bea ut i fu l pi n kfo r m

,tal le r o n t h e a ve rage t h a n t h e m a roo n , a n d m o r e s l e n de r t h a n

t h e ye l low ; i t h as a t i n ge of ye l low i n i t, a n d t h e r e a re se vera ls h ades— to some exte n t t h e fo rms m ay c ross . I n r espec t of n umbe r s

,

t h e st r aw -ye l low is m uc h t h e low es t . T h e t i n t w e cal l “ m a r oo n i sv e ry di st i n c t a n d beautiful . We o n ly k n ow of i t f r o m Sout h Wal es ,t h e I s l e of A r r a n , a n d West I r e la n d . F r o m t h e sa n ds o f Ba r ry, inScotla n d

,t h e t i n ts r e po r ted a r e pu r ple , r ose , pi n k , a n d w h i te ; evi

den t lypu r e w h i te m ay occ u r i n some qua n t i ty , bot h o f t he ta l l e r a n ds h o r te r types ; pu r e dead -w h i te we h a ve fou n d in ve ry fine pla n ts i nEast A n gl ia a n d t h e New Fo r es t , a n d o n c e , i n a p la n t f rom Salop ,g r ow i n g i n s ta n d i n g w ate r , a semi - t ra n s pa r e n t w h i te . T h e co mmo no r c h i s - pu r p le i s n ot i n f r e que n t , va ry i n g i n s h ade f ro m pal e to a ve rydeep a l m os t blac k is h pu r p le i n a pla n t t h at came f rom Cou n t y C la r e .

I n West Wal es , i n Berth a n d T r ega ro n bogs , a l l t h e in carnam’

s a r epu rpl e , and t h e h ab i t of t h e pla n t i s so m ew h at d ist i n c t . T h e lea ves te n dto a yel low is h to n e , a n d a r e compa r at i ve ly s h o r t a n d ge n e ral ly e r ect .

C la r ke ’ s figu r e of incarnata vc re ,

” r efe r r ed to abo ve , h as flowe r spale p i n k abo ve , the l ip da r ke r , w i t h ye l low c e n t r e m a r ked b y r edSpots . T h us , apa r t f r om t h e w h i te fo r m s , w e h a ve fo u r eo lourg roups— yel l ow ,

pi n k , pu r pl e , a n d m a r oo n i t w ould be useful to k n owt h e d i s t r i butio n of t h e se g ro ups a n d t h e exte n t to w h ic h t h e y o ve r la p .

I t i s i n te r es ti n g to n ote t h at t h e b r ig h t yel low a n d ma r oo n o f t h ee xt r e m e colou r - types co r r espo n ds to t h e ve ry s imi la r co lou r - va r iat io n sof 0 . sambncina,

w h ic h i n ot h e r w ays i s ve r y n ea r to 0 . in cur /mmi n deed

,i n s pi te of t h e d i ffe r e n t h abi t of the tube r s , 0 . 3 ( 1mbuc ina

m ay be a r ace of 0 . incar naz‘a w h i c h h as adapted i tsel f to a d r i e r

h ab itat . We a r e i n c l i n ed to t h i n k t h at 0 . inca rnate i s t h e basa lspec i es of t h e w h o l e Ma r s h O r c h i s g r oup .

A n u m be r of h yb r ids a r e k n ow n (O rchid Review , 19 19 , p . 169 ;

Rep. Bot . E xc h . C l ub , pp . 15 7 ff ) , t h oug h i n o u r tie ld- w o r k w e h ave.n e ve r fou n d m o r e t h a n occasio nal

'

single spec i m e n s , i n g r ea t co n tr as tto t h e n u m be r s i n w h i c h h y b r id s of O . prw /e rmis .

~mand i ts var .

p n l ckc l ia ofte n occu r . We h a v e n oted h yb r ids of U . ineama ta w i t hO . p rw tc rmissa a n d i ts va r . p il l t

' ll P/l fl . a n d w i t h bo t h t y pes o f

O . mam/ l am i . e . ,0 . F uc lzsizfia n d O . e l odes l t i s no t

easv to deso r 1bo most of t h ese fo rms co n c i se l y . t h oug h w h e n compa r edw ith the pa r e n ts on t h e spot t h e r e latio n i s c l ea r e n oug h . In .l o urn .

Bo t . 1920 ,t

. 556 . a r c tigured two va r ia n t s of 0 . ineurnu/u X Ju l i/211m

( 0 .Fig . 20 i s f rom Sa l o p. w h e r e it g r ew

i n a boa” i n a w ood . and tig. f ro m the lx'

idw e l l v sa n ds . w h e r e it.


look ed a t t h e fi r s t gla n ce qu i te l ike t h e pi n k in car nata a m o n gst w h i c hi t g l e e u n t i l t he blotc h ed l ea ves a n d ve 1y d i ffe r e n t l i p becamee v ide n t . I n J u ly l 9 l 9 , Co l . ( r odfery fou n d i n Anglesea a r e m a r ka ble exampl e of 0 . in ca i nafa x imaca la ta ambiguaKe i n e r . T h e l ea ves w e r e of t h e m o st m ass i ve incar nafa type

, un

spotted , a n d o ve r toppi n g t h e s te m ; t h e flow e r s w e re pu1e w h i te,but

w i t h flat a n d deeply t ritid l i ps T h i s g i ves the l eaf of o n e pa r e n tand t h e flow e r of t h e o t h er .

Se ve r a l figu res o f s i n gl e flow e r s of 0 . in ca rna ta a r e gi ve n i nJou i n . Be t . 1920

, t . 55 6 , a n d 192 1 , t . 5 59 .

'

1 he p h oto g rap h now

l eproduced ( t . 5 69 ) i s f r o m tw o Wi n c h e ste r pla n ts of t h e standaidpale p i n k co lou r . T h oug h t h e deta i ls of t h e l i ps a r e. n ot c l ea r

,t h e

A . B . C . D .

ge n e r al h ab i t i s v e ry w e l l s h ow n . I n t h e tex t -figures , a r ou g h ideao f fou r t y pes i s g i ve n for compa r i so n . A i s t h e us ua l patte r n a n d Bthe h ea v i e r patte r n of va r . p ul c/ml l a ,

w i t h a l es s reflexed l i p . C gi vesa f r eque n t type of 0 . pr rc tcrmissa ,

w i t h spotted l i p a n d u n spottedSepal s , w h i l s t D gi v es t h e w el l - m a r ked doubl e l oops of 0 . l ab /bl itz.

It s h ou ld be sa id t h a t l i n e s a n d st r eaks e n te r i n to t h e l i p - patte r n of0 . pr cc fc rmissa i n m a n y cases , a n d t h at 0 . l a iifo l ia ofte n h a s someSpots and m o r e o r l es s b roke n l i n es o n t h e l i p . T h e l i p - patte r n ofU . pr rc fe i

'missa va r . pu l che l l a i s of h eavy b roke n l i n es somew h a ti n te rmed iate i n type betw ee n t h o se of 0 . in car na ta a n d Za /ifo l ia .

PLATE 569 . Or al/ is in car nata L .,f r o m spec i m e n s co l l ec ted at

S h aw fo rd , n ea r Wi n c h este r .

THE SALINE FLORA OF STAFFORDSHIRE .

BY TH E RE V . 11. P. READER,

THE ea r l i e st r eco rds of t h e occu r r e n c e of ma r i time pla n t s i n Staffo rds h i r e a r e to be fou n d i n S h aw

'

s of S ta/fordsbir e ( 180 0 )an d f l is ionz/ of Tina” (c i r e . A t t h a t t ime t h eex t rac tio n of sal t f r o m t h e b r i n e - sp r i n gs co n st i tuted a n ex te n s i vei n du s t r y— now a lmos t ex ti n c t— in a somew h a t r est r i cted a r ea to theSou t h - w est of t h e tow n of Staffo rd , betw ee n t he r i ve r s T r e n t and Se w .

Robe r t ( l ar n e r i n h i s 1Va fa r a l fIis /m'

y of th e 0 0 11 /

21n of S ta/f ow lme n t io n s h av i n g see n some of t h ese pla n ts in S im a n d t h i sseems t o be t he latest r eco rd . I h ave looked i n vai n t h r oug h t h e



NOTES ON SOME ORIENTAL ONOSMAS .

B r C. C . LACAITA ,M .A . , E .L .S .

THE fol low i n g n otes a r e ba sed o n t h e s pec i m e n s i n t h e Ba i l eyHe r ba r i um i n t h e M use u m of t h e Ma n c h este r U n i ve r s i ty

l . SIN'

l‘E NIS : I t . o r i e n t . 1890 , No . 25413 . Onosma sp. ( l eft un

de te rmi n ed ) f ro m E gi n i n A rme n i a tu r c i ca , Hodschadurthigh i nlapido sis 3 v i . T h i s i s DC . Prodr . x . p . 63 , fou n ded1_>11 A 11e11e1' - E lov ,

n o 2306 , f r o m Cappodoc 1a ad E uph i 1 te m Eg i nti go n

,the w est ba n k of the E up h ra tes at t h e g r ea t be n d , j u st w i thi n

t he l imi ts o f a n c i e n t Cappadoc ia . S inten is’b

s spec ime n i s m o r e ad

p1essedl y haii y t h i n Auc her E ’l oy s . o r t h a n a s imi la r o n e i n h e r b.

Kew c o l l ected by M o n tbret i n 1834 i n ea ste r n Ca ppadoc ia . T h el ea ve s of the latte r a r e spotted w i t h w h i te , ra t h e r d i sta n t tube r c l es ,a n d me o nl v sl ig h tly haii v in t h e i n te r val s . I n m a n y spec ies ofOn es-ma ,

a s i n E e l/n un . the haii iness seems to w ea r o ff a n d t h etube rc l es become mo r e p ro n o u n ce d as t h e pla n t adva n ce s 111 age . But

t he exceptio n a l ly ac ute s te m - l ea ves a n d t h e s h a r ply reflexed pedu n c l e sa fte r flow e r i n g co n fi rm th e i de n t ificat io n .

2 . Bo av u ii l msn. pl . exs . Anato l iae o r i e n t , a . 768 , f r o mA 111ma

“ i n co l l ims o 1amino s is planit ie i G e ldingh iai' , a .l t 400 111 .

v , dete r m i n ed 111? Haussknech t a s D C . h a s n oresembl 1nce to t h a t spec i es

,ca l y c e albo v il losissimo ,

” fou n ded 0 11

Aucher - E l oy , Nos . 23 14 a n d 2389 , Mesopotamia n pla n ts , of w h i c hn o . 23 1 1 m ay be see n i n he1b . Ke 1v . Bornmiil ler’

s pla n t , l i k e [w he[ ml /mm,

s h ow s a passage f r om Boissiei ss §A s te 7 o t 7 70710 to h i s H z l e

w ir zcba ,o n ly t h e vei v u ppe r m os t l ea ves and t h e b rac ts be i n g w i t h

o ut ste ll ate h a i r s at the base of t h e bi ist les , w h i l s t t h ese a r e pi cs en to n al l t h e r est of t h e pla n t . I t i s o n ly o n t h i s g rou n d a n d 0 11 accou n tof t h e l ess bl u n t l ea ves t h at i t ca n be d i st i n gu i s h ed f ro m t h e ot h e rl es s h i sp id fo r m s of 0 . pa l l idum Bo i ss . , suc h a s va r . o lymp ifcumBornm. (1899 ) NO . 5309 , as to w h i c h see below . I t i s p r obabl e t h atBoissier w oul d h ave r efe r r ed t h i s pla n t to h i s

0

0 . 8 1fe l l ulatum va r .

.qenuinum,w i t h sy n o n y m 0 . 71e l ve /1cumBo i s s . , f .F l Or. i v . 11 . 20 1 ,

w h i c h of cou r se i s n e i t h e r 0 . 3 1‘c l l ulm‘umW . K .

0

n o r the 0 . ke l em‘icumBo i s s . of Sw itzc1 land a n d 110 1 t h e i 11 I taly .

I h a ve n ot bee n abl e to d i scove r t h a t t h i s fo r m h a s bee n d i sc u ssede l sew h e r e , o r h ad a n y n a m e gi ve n to i t , a n d I t h e r efo r e p r opose to c al li t ONO SM A AM BIG E N S mi h i As teroh 'ic lm. et Il e ferot ric lm ambigen s ,fo r m i s mit ioribus 0 . pa l l idi Bo i ss . proximum, c t v i x distinguendumn i s i set is fo l iorum supremorum bas i n o n stel l igeris ; ab 0 . tom'ico et

a sequen te coro l lis m i n u te puberul is d i ffe r t ; ab 0 . Imbeb Jbo capit ul i s p i los i s

,sed mi n ima albo - vil losissimis aut a lbo -hispidissimis ,

”

h ab i tu et pat r ia longius distat .

BORNM ULLER , pl . exs . Anatol ize o r i e n t , a . 1889 , No 769 ,

al so3

f1o m Amasi a i n api ic is saxo s is a lt . 4 600 m . 27 v ,” a n d

no . 769 c “ i n apn e 1s al t . 4— 500 111 . 14 v , i cspec t ivelydete r m i n ed byHaussknech t as O . sin/111111111111 “7 . K . ( Bo i ss . E ] . O n ) fo r m as t ric t ior

" a n d “ fo r m a m i n o r . ” He r e , agai n , t h e spec i m e n s a r e n ot

NOTE S ON some OR IENTAL oxosn as 28 1

s ie l lulatum W'

. K . t h oug h t h ey appea r t o be l o n g to the g i eat

conge1 ies of d i s s i m i la r pla n ts 11 h i c h Bo issier, i n a spi r i t of dc spah ,

co l lec ted u n de r t h a t ge n e ral t i tl e 111 the F l ora 0 1 zen ta l zs .

'

1 h i s pla n td i ffe r s f rom No . 2 i n i ts lesse r s ta tu r e

,i n be i n g st ro n gly aste r o

t r i c h ons t h r oug h o ut, a n d espec ia l ly i n t h e glab r o us c o r ol las , i n w h ic hr espec t i t app r oac h es 0 . taur icumPa l l , but d iffe r s t h e r ef r om i n t he

.w h i t i s h i n stead of da r k g r e e n - g r ey appea ra n ce of t h e pla n t in s ic co ,

in t h e pate n t , n o t adp r es sed h a i r s of t h e ste m , i n t h e muc h s h o r te rbasa l l ea ves , in t h e u n c u r ved b r ac ts , w h i c h i n tam'icum a r e c h aracterist ical ly sc i m ita r - s h aped , a n d i n s h orte r co r o l las . But fo r t h efata l lack of pubesce n c e o n t h e co r o l las i t m i g h t pa ss as a l ess st r igo se

pa l l itlumof t h e Smy r n a type , to w h i c h i t come s n ea r es t i n ge n e 111h ab it . He r e , aga i n , so fa r a s I a m aw a r e , w e n eed a new n a m e , andI suggest O . AMA SIANUM : 0 . pa l l ido Bo i s s . pla n tae ex Smy r n a

proxi111um, differt h e r ba m ul to mi n us s t r i gosa , co ro l l is glabris , a b0 . tan ; ico c u i p ropte r coro l larum glabritatem accedit , diversum to t e

h ab itu, col oxe m s icco c i n e r eo albescent i, n ec at r o gi iseo , pi l i s caul in is

pat en t ibus nee adpressis vel subadpi essis , br act c is m i n u s incui v is n ec

co nspicue ac inac iformibus,ab 0 . No . 2 ,

“

set is fe r e omn i bus ba s icopiose stel lulata oriundis , et co r o l la glab ie .

I t . Anato l icum t-c1 t ium No . 5309 .

B . thynia,

“ i n dumo sis 1n fe1 1o 1 1s m o n t i s ( ) lympi (Kc sc hisch dag h ) .2 400 m. ,

18 v ,” a s O pa l /21111 111 Bo i ss . 1) O lymp i a /ma m. A ta l l

pla n t ; s t e m 30—4 0 c m . h ig h,c lose ly c lot h ed w i t h obla n ceolate V e r y

bl u n t l ea ves , a n d bear i n g o n ly o n e o r tw o sco r pio id c y m es ; i n d ume n tu m n ot ve ry h a r s h , t h e s tel la te tube r c l es sma l le r a n d les s co nspicuous t h a n i n No . 3

,but clo se ly co ve r i n g al l t he l ea ves~co r ol las

t h ic kly pubesce n t ; dries pa le g r ee n , n o t g r ey o r as h y . T h i s i s e v i

den t ly t h e pla n t f r o m O lympus , w h ic h D cCando l lc , l oc . c it , r efe r s toO .

f

r i'qidu /n Ledeb . , qu ot i n g A n eb e r -E l o y N O . 2308 ( see n at Kew )

w h i c h ag r ees w i t h th i s Bornmu l ler n u m be r . D eCando l le as soc ia t e st h e C r i m ea n r iguhun w i t h t h e B it h y n ia n pla n t , but t h e o n ly spec ime nI h av e see n “ ex h o r t . Petropol itano , a n d t h e r efo r e presuinah l v c u lt ivated,

i s n o t ide n ti ca l w i t h Auche i - E le v s o r Bo rnmul ler'

s spec ime n s . I t w ou ld best he ca l led 0 9 1qul um Ledeb . va r . o lympu um

Bo r 1 .1 m p ro 1 a r . 0 . p a l l uh D C . quo 1d pla n ta mex O l vmpo Bit l i 1' 11 ia3. Bo issier D i 1g n . x i p . 1 13

,po i n ts out t h at

t h e C i imean a n d B ith vn ian 7 17 1 1711 111 a1e n o t ide n t i cal] .o . E l

‘ l te i T 111 c ic 11111 No . 822 ,

f r omMt . At h o s a t l ’ anagia , 23 v i . dete rmi n ed by l l ahie sy as 0 . fun

7 173 11111. i s n ot h i n g of the ki n d ; but 0 pa l a11ka . l’

l No v .

'

l 111o bre v iariuni in O . c . .1ss .

- 1

w eak spec ie s pe r h a ps , t he d iscu ss io n o f 11 h i 1 l 1 must be h t t to t he

bota n i sts w ho am e n gaged upo n the ll o 1a of M 1c edo n ia but 10 10 1 11 10

ab h o r r i n g 0 . Pal l .6 . S IN I

‘

E NIS Bo umi i‘iuiacn . codeni a n n o . No . 26 7 , from t he

i s la n d of T h asos , a t Lin ienas 1 7 al so 111 11‘1' 111i11cd h 1 as

faur icmu,i s th e. same to im as No . 0o , a n d how too must be r

°

c fc ii cd ,

t h oug h n ot so pe r fe ctly ide n t ica l

282 "1 1111 1 11 111111 1 1. o r BOTANY

7 . SINT E NIs, Ite r Trojanum No . 1 17 , f r o m Renkol i, i n

monto sis, 8 v , n a m ed by Asc h e r so n 0 . s te l lu latumW . Br.

8 . ASSOC . PYRENE‘E NNE s i n e n ume ro , f r o m S my r n a , Burnabat ,i n glariosis,

” l eg . H . Pe t ry , 23 iv . 1906 , i s t h e ve ry s t r igose fo r m of0 . pa l l idum ofte n to be see n i n h e r ba r ia f ro m t h e n e i g h bou r h oodo f Smy r n a

,a n d ide n t ica l w i t h 0 . s caberrz

'

mum Boi ss . et He ld r . i nHeldre ich

’

s exsicc . of 1845 f r o m Islarta, t h e a n c ie n t Ba r i s , in I’ isidia.

T h es e two exa m ples , a n d o t h e r s l i ke t h em, a r e o f t h e g r eates t i n te r es t ,fo r t h ey a r e ide n t ica l w i t h t h e o n ly spec i m e n of 0 . mon tanum i nh e r b . Sibthorp, w h i c h u n fo r tu n a te ly i s s ine l oco, but as i t i s a fo rmw h ic h does n o t oc c u r in C r e ta et i n Pe lopo n e so ,

” as S m it h e r r oneously states in PI. Grr. Prodr. i . p . 121 , n o r pe r h aps e l sew h e r e i nEu r ope , t h oug h t h e r e a r e so m e app r ox i m at io n s i n G r eece ; a n d asSibthorp stayed so m e t ime at S my r n a , t h e r e ca n be n o doubt t h ath e obta i n ed i t i n t h a t v i c i n i ty . T h is , i n fac t , i s t h e t rue 0 . mon tanumS i bt h . , as I h ave m a i n ta i n ed i n m y

“ P1a n te I tal i a n e c r i t i c h e or a r e

,w h i c h S m i t h so h opel ess ly c o n fused w i t h I tal ia n echioides

”

(Co lu m n a’ s p la n t ) , a n d w i th lo ca l i t ies w h ic h be lo n g to 0 . erectum.

Halaesy see m s to h a ve bee n co n sc ious of t h e co n fus io n , as t h e n a m emon tannm i s n o t me n t io n ed i n t h e Conspectus F [ 0 c G re ece . T h e r ei s

,i n deed

,a n ot h e r spec i m e n of t h e g r eatest h i sto r ica l i n te r est t h at i s

ide n t ica l w i t h t h ese ; i t i s o n e o f t h o se w h i c h r ep r ese n t 0 . echz’

oides

i n t h e L i n n ea n He r ba r iu m , a lso sine l oco . T h e r e w i l l be m o r e tosay about t h i s spec i m e n o n a n ot h e r occas io n .I n w h at p r ecedes , Boissier

’

s n a m e Onosma pa l l idum h as bee nquoted . T h i s was desc r ibed i n 1849 i n h i s B i agu . Pl . O r i e n t . n o . x i ,p . 112 . I t i s pa r ti cula r ly c h a rac te r i sed by pale co r ol la s , ve ry st r igoseSp r ead i n g i n du m e n tu m , a n d lea ves s h o r te r and b roade r t h a n i n t h efo r m s w h i c h h e at t h at ti m e g r ouped u n de r 0 . ste l lu la tum

,by

w h ic h n a m e h e d id n o t m ea n t h e t rue s te l lu latum W . K . , ofC r oati a , but a co m ple x of m a n y fo r m s w h i c h w ou ld bette r h a ve bee nca l l ed 0 . echz

’

oz’

des L . , m ea n i n g t h e echioides a, exc lusa va r .

,8 ,of

L i n n aeus . But 0 . pa l l idum i tse lf i s a co m plex of ( 1) a pla n tf ro m S m y r n a a n d e l sew h e r e in w este r n A n a tol ia

,w h i c h i s 0 . mon

tanum S ibt h . h e r b . ,a n d to w h i c h a l o n e t h e abo ve c h a racte r s a n d t h e

fu l l desc r ipt io n a r e perfec tly appl icabl e ; (2) a Co n sta n t i n opl e pla n t,w ln ch i s a lmost ce r ta i n ly 0 . propon t icumAz n a vou r , a n d qu ite d i st i n c t ; a n d a G r eek pla n t, col lec ted by Sp ru n e r i n Boeot ia , t h e exac tpos i t io n of w h i c h ca n n o t now be discussed .

I n t h e F l ora Or ien ta l is , i n a fit of despe r at io n — fo r giga n ti cw o r k s of t h at k i n d m ust be co m pl eted w i t h o ut wai t i n g to c l ea r upt h e m o r e dithcul t a n d c r i t ica l g r oups of fo rms a p r oc edu r e of w h i c ht h e r e a r e m a n y exampl es , u n de r t h e s t r ess of s h ee r n ec ess i ty , i n t h eF l or a of B r it ish India— Boissier lum ps a n u m be r of ve ry d i f fe r e n tpla n ts u n de r t h e spec ifi c n a m e of s te l l a lah wn, i n c l ud i n g h i s pa l l idumas va r . 13, w i t h a n umbe r o f new l o cal i t i e s , a n d w i t h O . trap eznn

t inumHuet , r ea l ly a d is ti n c t fo rm, t h r ow n in . Halziesy, Consp. Fl .G r ace . i i . p . 334 , r e v i se s t h e spec ific co n c eptio n of Boissier ’

s pa l l idum,

but cal l s i t 0 . 0 07110 1c L . T h e n i n t h e S uppl e m e n t ( 1908 ) p . 76 ,h e c r i t i c i ses a c e r ta i n n ame , 0 . J 1w or 71'ce , t h at h ad bee n p reposed byS imonkai in 1900 , as

“supervacancum,

1iam s i 0 . 6 0 7110 1110 3 r e v e r a



A co m pa r i so n o f t h e m easu r e m e n ts of so m e of the pa r ts w i t h t h oseo f t h e t5pe w i l l pc 1 l 1 1ps bes t g i ve an idea o f the m a 1kod d1fferenceS .

T he l ea ves of a1e f r o m 1 5 to mm. i n l e n gt h , 111 t h eva 1 iety thev a1o 5 to (5 111 111 . The m ed ia n ce l l s i n t h e type ai e

11:11 row l5 l i n ea r , 3 111 w idt h , o r m e i e r a r e ly 5 a n d f1o m toG

'

) ,1 i n l e n gt h , 1 e . 1ough l v 10 to 15 t i m es as l o n g as w ide . I n t h eva r i ety t h e5 a r e w ide , a n d abo ut lo n g

, e . a ve rag i n gabout 0 o r 8 t i m es a s lo n g a s w ide .T h e g r eat u n i fo r m i ty i n t h e h ab i t

,d i m e n s io n s , a n d st ruc tu r e i n al l

t h e pla n ts I h a ve see n i s a ve ry m a r ked featu r e , a n d r e n de r s t heva r iety a c l ea r ly c h arac te r i sed o n e . T h e h ab i tat a n d t h e d is t r ibut io n ,too , a r e d i s ti n c t i ve . T h e ea r l i est spec ime n I h a v e i n m y h e r ba r i umw as gat h e r ed i n 1890 by the la te W . West, a n d dete r m i n ed by m ea s a fo r m of 0 . im‘

ricahmz, f ro m about 2000 ft . o n Pe n y -g h e n t .M r . \V l1eldon co l lec ted i t in t h e same yea r o n ca l ca r eous sub-al pi n er oc ks , Ingleboro . M r . C h eet h a m gat h e r ed i t i n so m e qua n t ity o nl imesto n e w a l ls a n d r ock s at 2000 ft . , o n Ingleboro , i n Dece m be r19 12 a n d Ja n ua ry 1913 . D u r i n g t h e p r ese n t yea r M r . Al be r tWil so n co l lec ted i t on Yoredale l i m esto n e r oc ks at 2100 ft . 0 11 t h en o r t h s ide of Inglebo ro , a n d h as s i n c e fo u n d t h at h e h ad gat h e r edt h e sa m e m oss in 19 19 o n Yoredale l imesto n e at 1900 ft . o n Ba r bo nH ig h Fel l , Westmo r la n d . T h ese gat h e r i n gs w e r e al l m ade independen t ly, a n d w i t h o ut t h e moss be i n g defimtel v dete1m1ned As regz

'

n ds

t h e h ab i tat , M r . Wil so n Wi ote to M r . Wh eldo n o n 16 Ju ly of t h e

p1 esent yea1 as fol low s 0 11 getti n g you r lette r I was j ust sta1 ti n gfo r C h apel - le -dale , so I dec ided to m ake a n ot h e r i n vesti gatio n of t h er ock s 0 11 Ingl eboro , w h e r e I fou n d t h e pla n t . I fe lt s u r e t h atM r . Dixo n was r i g h t i n r ega rd i n g i t a s a co n de n sed fo r m of 0 . 1111111

cn t 11 111. I asce n ded S imo n s Fel l , a n d exa m i n ed so m e Yoredale l imes to n e r oc ks

,o n w h i c h I fou n d t h e sa m e m oss as o n Inglebow ,

so Id id n ot n eed to go to t h e o1 iginal l ocal i ty . T h e m oss oc cu r s i n s h adedr oc k c r e v ic es , and 11 fo r m rat h e r 11ea1er to t h e t5 pe occ u r s i n m o r eope n spaces o n t h e sa m e rocks . I h ave s imi l a r pla n ts gathe1ed a fewyea r s ago o n Ba r bo n Hi g h Fe l l , West m o r la n d .

I h a ve n o t see n i t f r om a n y ot h e r fo r m atio n , a n d i t w ould see mt o be co n fi n ed to a ve r y n a r r ow r a n ge of a l ti tude , but t h i s m ay bego ve r n ed by t h e ou tc r op of t h e Yoredale l i m esto n e bei n g l i m ited int h e d i st r i c t to t h ese al ti tudes .T h e fol l ow i n g i s a d iag n os i s of t h e new va r i e ty( ) nrn o '

rne c rmr INTRICATU M (Hartm ) Bry. E ur . n o v . va r . ABnns v ra

'

run D i xo n .V a r i etas q uam nlan ta t y pi ca o m n ibu s part ilms m u lto m i n o r ,

abb r ev iata . Czespites perden si, humiles , n ig ro - v irides ve l ol i vace i .Can l is m ul to grue l l ior , fi l i fo rmi s . Fol ia 111i11i111a

,

'5 mm. l o n ga ,anw uste o vato la n ceo lata, mul to brev ius acu111i11ata. Areo lat io valdel aev i s , e ce l lul is medianis 4 lat is , c i r ca lo n gi s

,anical ibus

paul l o angust io ribus , bas ila1 ibus pa1 1u11 lat ioribus, per totum fo l i u msuba qual ibus , in st r zuet 1 .

111111 . Yo reda le l imesto n e r ocks , 1900—2100 ft . a1t ., Inglebo ro ,

“'

e st Yo rks h i r e ; C . A . C h eet h am, Dec . a n d ot h e r local i t i es111e 11tioned abo ve .

Norzs ON WE ST AU STRALIAN PLANT S 285

NOTE S ON WE ST AUSTRALIAN PLANTS .

BY 0 . H . SARGENT

Actinotus superbus, sp. nov . H erba an n ua ; cau l e e r ec to teret i

pinguiusculo subdense pi lo so interdum pa r c e ra m oso ; f o l iis radi

ca l ibus longe pet io lat is pet io l is l inearibus lamina bi s t r i pa r t i ta segm en t i s ul timis brev ibus el lipt ico

- oblongis'

subacut is ; f o l iis caul iuz’

s

subsessil ibus in seg m e n ta lanceo - l inearia 2 ve l 3 divisis ; umbe l l islonge pedunculat is in paniculam disposit is bmc fe is involucral ibus

l inearibus p raese r t i m i n marginibus paginaque sup. densissime a lbose1 iceis ; fl 0 1

°ibus penta l n eris he1°

111apln odit is 11ia1 ibusque con 11n ixt is ;

p edice l l is ut i o va r ia calycesque de n se pi lo s i s ; ca lycz'

bus h3'

al in is

campanulat is lobis brev iter triangula1 ibus 111 comi s occul t is, p e ta lw

flavidis anguste lanceolat is ; an the1°is tlav is el l ipt ico oblongis .

H e r ba ad 18 c m . a l ta ; petio l i 15—20 m m . lo n g . ; laminae 1825 111111 ,

pedu n cul i 2 6 c111 . (pleru111que 4 0 1m) , brac t eae 17—24 m m .,

qua m fiores c i r ca t 1 ipl o l ong io r es . He r b . Sa r gen t . 1398 .

T h e affin i ty of t h e new spec i e s i s undoubted ly 11 i t h A . l euco

cepha lus Ben t l1 . , f ro m w h i c h i t d itte l s conspi cuous ly in i ts stoute rstu r d ie r ste m s , fa r mo r e h a i ry b r ac t s and flow e r s , in t h e s h ape of t h ec alyx lobes a n d co lou r o f t h e an t h e r s . I h a ve r ec e i v ed i t f ro mBul kul ing and Doodenan n ing (20 m i les E . of Yo r k ) , Qua i r ad ing ( st i l lfu r t h e r ea st ) , a n d f ro m Datat ine ( roug h ly 140 m i l es sout h o f t heot h er stat io n s ) . T h i s v e ry beaut iful pla n t i s on ly fou n d afte r a ti r ehas sw ept i ts h abitat .

ACTINOTU S LE UCOCE PHALUS NAN E LLA , var. nov .

Il'

erba annua , pa r va ( c i r c . 9— 13 cm. al ta ) , compacta, bas i ramo sa ;brac feis invo l uc ral ibus externis man i feste herbaceis , internis subdense

p i lo s is ; umbe l /1'

s maribus— hermaphrodit is vel femineis i11 plant i sdisjunc t is ; floribus iis A l eucocep lmh

’

s i m i l ibus, antheris at ro -

pur

pu1eis . He1b . Sa r gent . 1399 .

T h i s 1° °

ema1kable gyn o po lyga m ous pla n t i s pe r h aps e n t i tled to

spec ific rank ; but i t i s c e r ta in ly c lo se t o A . l eucocep/m/us Be11t l1 . ,

a n d it see m s best fo r the p1 esen t t o 1° °

ega1d i t a s a va r iety of that

spec i es . 1 h av e r ec e i ved i t o n ly f1o111 D z1tz1t ine , “here pistil late plantssee m to be 111 a m ajo r i ty, f r o m M i s s Donto h and Miss G ood .

Hel ipterumcryptanthum, sp. 11ov . 11 0 1 1111 11 11111121 c i1u1 10— 30 0 111.

al ta ; cau l e e r ec to s1111pl ici vel pauciramoso f'

o l iis lut e o vat is integrisacut is subdecur °

;1 0 11t ibus 0 112115111113 so l ituriis v e l in punicu lzun ( l is

posit is cyl ind1 ico- ovoideis paue il lo 1 is ; 111 110 10 13 scariosis i11te 1 io 1 ibns

petaloideis unguibus ob lo n go -cuneat is 111111111 1.1 111e l lae paul lo lon n io i i

bus la111el l is erec t is anguste ovat is acut is integ1 is \ c l den t ibus api

cal ibus paueis setis plu1nosis ; co1°

0 1h s infund ibul ifon n ibus lobis suberec t is .

Brac tezc petaloideae, roseze , ungu i s 6—7 m m .

,la m el la 5—6 111111.

l o n ga,ambo ca . 2 111111 . 1:1tze . He1b Sa11°ge11t . 14O4 .

T h i s spec ies i s homeplastic w i t h rU auf/ l esu F . M ue l l . (w i t h

S pecimen s o f the p lan t s here refe r red to h ave been p re sen ted to the Depa r tmen t of Bo tany byM r . Sargen t .

286 THE Joemvar. or nou n

w h i c h h i t h e rt o i t appea r s to h a ve bee n confused) in fo l iage ,° but i sr eadi ly d i s tingui s h ed by t h e flow e r h eads , w h o se s h ape plac es i t inmo t h e r sec tio n (P h ar op oyon ) of t h e genus , a plac ing contin ued byt h e few nes s o f the flow e r s . I t a ppea r s to be mo re w ide ly d ist r i butedt h an II. M an

o

r/16 5 11, m o r e pa r t icular ly in t h e d r ie r r egion s . I tsl lo wermg season i s a l i ttl e la te r , t h oug h it o ve r laps and 1 h a ve seena few p resumpti ve h yb r ids . T h e fo l low ing desc r iption i s for pu r po seso f c ompa r i son

II. 1 15 111716 3 135 F . M . , capitul is l1e111isphze ric is , brac teis petalo ideis

paten t ibus unguibus d i stin c te cuneat is quam lame lhe m ul to brev io ribus , lame l l is la te ovatis apic ibus obtusis pauc identat is , coro l l is ca m

panulat is .

LYSIO S E PALUM F . M . Fragm. i . 142 correc t io descript ion is o r i g ina l i s : sepa la , petala , s ta m ina s ex . As t h e r e i s a n epi ca ly x of threea lmo s t equal ly - spaced b r acts and t h e gynae c iu m i s t r i m e r ous , t h ew h o l e fl o r al s t ruc tu r e i s p rac tical ly ac tinomo r p h i c .

The hexameryof pe r i go n e a n d sta m e n s seems to be u n i que in t h et r ibe L as iop e ta l ew , i f no t i n t h e o r de r . Attent io n was cal led to t h i sv e ry impo r tant c h a rac te r , h i t h e r to stra n ge ly o ve r looked

,t h roug h my

s pec i m en No . 782 sen t to t h e Depa r t m en t of Botany w i t h o t h er'

e xamples of d r i e r - a r ea plants . On lea rning t h at t h i s appea r ed to bean undesc r i bed 1 710 7110 3 511, I ca r e ful ly sea r c h ed t h e w h o l e of myLasiopetalous m ate r ia l a n d found ot h e r spec i m en s w h i c h appea r ed tobe conspeeific w i t h 782 and w i t h Lys iosepn lum B ar rymmmF . M . ;

S pec imens of L . 1 147 0 8 11 111 Be n t h . f r o m Yo r k r ak i n e , Bu r r acoppin ,a n d

Wonga n H i l l s a l so p r o ved to be h exa m e rous . I t h as s ince bee na sce r ta ined t h at a l l t h e Lys iosepalmn m ate r ia l in t h e h e r ba r iao f t h e Depa r tme n t of Ag r icul tu r e , W.A . , Depa r tmen t of Bo ta n y,B r i ti s h Museu m , and Nationa l Hc1

°b. , Melbou rne ( typespec i m en s ) isl i kew i se h exame rous . He r b . Sa r ge n t 782 diffe r s f ro m p r esumablyn o rma l L . B arryanumF . Muel l . in i ts smal ler l eave s and flow e r s , thec olou r (g r een i s h , in stead of rufous ) of t h e b racteol e s , and in t h ei ndumentu m of t h e pedu n c l es , con s i sting of a l m os t se ss i l e stel la te h ai rsi n te rmi xed w i t h longer pu r ple glandula r s i m pl e o n es ; t h e petal sare someti m es few e r t h a n s i x o r wan t ing . All t h ese d i ffe r e n ces see mt o me att r ibutabl e to c l i m ati c and edap h i c influenc es ; and at t h eutmo s t i n d icate on ly s pec ifi c sepa ration in vi ew of t h e c h a r ac te r i s t i cLysiosepalous epi calyx , flo r a l hexamery, and sca l e - c lo t h ed o va ry .

i\ly no rmal spec imen s come f romG nowange rup , and t h e i r podu nc ular i ndumentum con s i sts of long- s tal ked ste l late w i t h a few com

parat ive ly s h o r t pu r ple s imple h a i r s . In t h e f r es h sta te bo t h t h i s and78 2 h a ve a pecul ia r somew h a t a r o m atic odou r , re m in i scen t of n ew lyc ut cucumbe r .

[Sa r gen t 782 w as desc r i bed by m e (Jou rn . Bot . l i x . 245 ) a s7 710 111113 111. kexmulm. W h i l e ag r ee ing w i t h M r . Sa r gen t i n m os t of

w h a t h e says , I canno t ad m i t the con spec i fi c i ty of T . hexan flm and

Lys ios f’

pa l um B ar ry/111111 111, for, bes ides the m uc h smal le r flow e r s o f

t h e fo rme r , i ts b rac teo le s are smal le r and na r row e r , t h e sepal s diffe re nt ly s h aped , the peta l s , p rominent in L . B ar ry/11 11 11 111, a r e absen ta t l east f ro m al l lw aw ulrw flow e r s e xa m i n ed , w h i le the m uc h ' s h o r te r


288 rue JOURNAL O F BOTANY

n a tu r a l h i s to ry , c h e m i st ry , and bota n y , pu r e and appl i ed . The ex trac tsf ro m t h e l e tte r s gi ven by D r . K ron fe ld bea r O 11 bo tany and h o r t icul tu r e . T h at Jo seph w as w e l l equi pped by a ca reful t r a in ing i se v iden t f rom t h e nume rous notes 0 11 t he ident i ty of spec ies o f plan tsw h ic h h e exa m ined in t h e va r ious h e r ba r ia and ga rdens v i s i ted du r i n gh i s to u r ; t h ese no tes fo r m a la r ge p ropo r t io n of t h e lette r s .

Jose ph l eft V ien n a i n May 1 78 8 a n d v i s i ted P rague— w h e r eFe r d inand Baue r , t h e w el l - k n ow n pla n t - a r t ist, m ade d raw ings fo r himo f so m e pi tc h e r - l ea ves f ro m a l i m e ,— Ka r lsbad

, and D resden , w h e r ehe i s m uc h c h a r m ed w i t h t h e ga rde n s of the E lec to r (Kurfiirst ) .w ho i s “ a pass ionate bo tan i st t h e r e a r e a lso some w onde r fulo r i g i n a l d raw i n gs of plan ts in t h e l i b ra ry . At Le i pz i g Jo h n H edw ig,

t he m ic ro scop is t , s h ow s h i m t h e s exua l o r ga n s of m o s se s and va r iouspo ints in pla n t anato m y , w h ic h t h r ow doubt O11 so m e o f t h e obse r vat ion s of h i s co m pat r io t I n gen -Houss ; of t h i s , h owe ve r , h i s fat h e r i sw a rned to say n ot h ing . W r i t ing f rom Ha ll e h e m e n tion s t h atD r . J . R . Fo r s te r (w ho acco m pan i ed Capta in Cook on h i s secondv oyage of d i scove ry i n t h e Sout h Seas i n 17 72 ) h ad gi ve n h i m plan tsf rom Ta h it i a n d el sew h e r e , and was h oping to succeed Scopo l i a sU n i ve r s i ty P rofesso r . At Be r l in h e i s s t ruck by t h e g r eat w oods o f

P l ans and o t h e r Con i fe r s , of w h ic h h e secur es cones . H e a l so m ee ts

young Wil luenow ( 1765 - 18 12 ) at the Bota n i c Ga r de n — a v e ryl o vabl e you n g m a n , w ho conce r n s h i m se l f w i t h t h e despa tc h of an umbe r of ra r e l i v ing and d r ied plants w h ic h Josep h was send in g

.

T h e Botan i c G a rden at G o ttinge n i s t h e best he has see n on t h i sjou r n ey , but t h e B locksbe r g i s no t to be co m pa r ed w i t h t h e Aust r ia nA l ps . At Leyde n P rofes so r Bruymanns s h ow s h i m m a n y t h ings ofi n te r e st , inc ludi n g t h e h e r ba r i a of Rauw o lf , Breynius, a n d H e r m ann ,

1tu111pl 1ius'

s o r ig ina l m anusc r i pt and d raw ings , and a vo lum e of

d raw i n gs of fungi by C lusius (1526— 1609 ) beaut i ful ly pa inted ; al soH e rma n n Boe r h aa ve ’ s (1668—1738 ) ga rde n w i t h a fine tul i p - t r ee sow nby Bo e r h aave h imse lf, and dupl i cates f ro m G ronovius

’

s h e r ba r iu m .

J acqu i n r eac h ed London ea r ly in Dece m be r 1788 , and s pe n t m o ret h an a yea r in E n gla n d . T h e g r eate r pa r t of the brochu1e i s adesc r i pt i on of h i s botan i ca l expe r i enc es a n d w o r k in Londo n . He r eare his fi r s t i m p r es s io n s — “ Now h e r e i s m o r e to be seen and l ea rn tin bo tany t h an h e r e i n E ngla n d . The la r ge n um be r Of h e l pful m ean sof a l l k inds , w h i c h a r e Open fo r ev e ryone

’ s use , 0 11 the one h and , andt he indesc r i bable h onou r in w h i c h our sc i e n c e i s h e ld , 0 11 t h e ot h e r ,make Londo n in t h i s r espec t t h e fi r st pla ce i n t h e w o r ld . In t h eB r i t i s h Museum i s an ex t rao r d i n a ry n umbe r of h e rba r ia of famousbo tan i s ts of a l l nat ions , suc h a s Plukene t , Il ay , and o t h e r s in Oxfo r dare t h e h e r ba r ia o f Mo r i son , Dil l en ias , Bobart , and ot h e r s . Bankshas t h e g r eates t h e r ba r ium in t h e w o r ld , w h i c h inc ludes t h o se Of

Auble t , M i l le r , S wa r tz, and o t h e r s . D r . S m it h h a s t h e h e r ba r iumsof the e lde r and younge r L inn é , Kon i g , &c . Add to t h i s t h e g reatn umbe r of fa m ous ga rden s and a l so t h e app rec iat ion for botany , w h i chi s so gene ra l here . W h at an o ppo r tun i ty ! I w i l l g i ve you f romt ime to time a deta i led accoun t o f al l t h e se . F i r s t l e t me gi ve youan idea o f Banks

’

s h o u se w h ic h i s t he c ro w n o f a l l .

T h en fo ll ow s a de s c r i ption of Banks'

s l i b ra ry and h e r ba r ium in

LETTER S o r .T. r . v oN JA CQU I N (1788 - 90 ) 289

t h e very fine lar ge h ouse in So h o Squa r e . Jacquin w as m uc h imp r essed w i t h the m et h od of a r r ange m en t of t h e plants in t he m a h oganycabinets

,eac h p lant mounted on a separa te s h eet w i th na m e and

o r i g i n, and w i th t h e 50 vo lum es of So lande r ’ s M SS . co r r espondi ng

w i th t h e h e r ba r ium , a l eaf for e ve ry plan t, on w h i c h a r e noted a l l

late r sy n onyms,co r rect ions , and r ema r ks ; al so ,

w i t h t h e exc el lentfac i l i tie s for wo r k in t h e h e r ba r iu m w h i c h i s open for wo r ke r s f rom

to 4: o’ c lock , at 10 o

’ c lock t h e r e i s b r eakfast for e ve rybody a tw h ic h My Lady and M i s s Banks a r e p r esent . T h e h e r ba r ium “ i sr i c h beyond expectat ion t h e r e a r e for in stance 16 spec ies ofP inguicu la !

” Jacqui n m ade good use of h i s opportun i ti es for ac r i ti ca l co m pa r i so n of spec ies a s to w h i c h h e and h i s fat h e r w e r edoubtful w i t h t h e spec ime n s i n Banks

’

s h e r ba r ium ; in t h i s h e re

ceived h e lp f ro m Ba n ks h imself a n d D ryander . I n h i s pape r r ead at “

t h e Banks ce n te n a ry ce leb rat ion at t h e L innea n Soc i ety in 1920

(P r oc . Li n n . Soc . Suppl . ) M r . B r i tten e m p h as i sed t h e pos i t ion ofBa n ks as a Bota n i s t

.

Jacquin’

s notes supply a m ple con fi r m at ionof h i s (Banks

’

s) know ledge of plan ts a n d act i ve i n te r es t in t h eco l l ec t io n s . Josep h w r i te s t h a t Banks i s publ i s h ing t h e Reh

’

gm’

ce

m pf

’

em'

ance w h ic h w i l l contain many coppe r - p lates . 8 vo coppe rplates a r e a lready p r epa r ed for h i s g r eat w ork— ou t h e bo tany of

Cook ’ s fir s t voyage ( 1768“He h as an eng rave r in coppe r a lw ays

at h i s h ouse , and pays h i m t wo guineas a w eek ; h e i s p r epa r ing t h efew p lates w h ic h a r e st i l l r equ i r ed . O f t h e text a g r eat pa r t i s r eady

,

but t h e r e i s st i l l m uc h to be don e . T h i s w o r k i s a lways being in te rrupted . As soo n a s t h e H or tus K ewensis and t h e R e l igzu

’

w K cempf er iana? a r e fin i s h ed , t h ey w i l l w o r k at t h i s w i th ful l st r engt h . T h eplates a r e a l l in t h e fo r m w h i c h you know f rom t h e p roofs ; someh a ve co s t m o r e t h an 30 gu in eas to eng ra ve .

” T h i s g r eat w o r k,a

desc r ipt io n of t h e plants co l lec ted by Banks and So lande r du r ingCook ’ s fir st voyage of explo r ation ,

w h ic h w ould h a ve ful ly estab l i s h edBanks

’

s botan i ca l reputatio n and w ould h a ve been a c la s s i c on t h ebota n y of Aust r alas ia and t h e Pac ific Islands

,w as neve r compl eted

t h e beaut ifu l coppe r -plates a r e s ti l l s to r ed in t h e D epa r tment of

Bo tany of t h e B r i t i s h M useum w h e r e a r e a l so t h e vo lum es of manus c r i pt desc r i pt ion s by D r . So lande r . So fa r a s t h ese r e late t o

Aust r a l ian plants,t h ey w e r e publ i s h ed by t h e T rustees of t h e Museu m

in 1905 ; t h e i r h i s to ry i s g i ve n at l e n gt h by M r . B r it t-en i n h i s int r oduc tion to t h e volum e .

In t h e same lette r i s a r efe r en ce to Smi t h ’ s Icones S t irp iumthe figu r e s a r e ve ry good , on ly al l made f ro m d r ied plants . The

L innean H e r ba r ium,in t h e po ssess ion of D r. S m it h . “ a r i c h young

man ,

” i s al so desc r ibed .

“ T h e plants are al l stuck down o n v e ryd i rty smal l pape r but ‘

a r e v e ry w e l l p r ese r ved .

”D r. Smit h h a s

founded a Soc i ety for t h e fu r t h e r ing of syste m at i c natu ra l h i sto ry,

w h i c h begin s to be v e ry ce leb ra ted . Jacquin h opes to become an

Assoc iate and i t appea r s t h at h i s fat h e r i s to be h onor ary p res iden tfor the bota n i ca l s ide : One of t h e w o r ks of t h i s L i nnean Soc ie ty , as

t h ey ca l l t h emsel ves , w i l l be t o w o r k out. t h e Sp e c ies P lan /(7mm. and

t h at can ce r tain ly be don e now h e r e mo r e easi ly t h an h e r e . T h eyp ropo se to devo te to it t h r ee o r fo u r yea r s h a r d w o r k . La t e r w r i t i ngJ OURNAL or Borax r .

~ til . [No v isn nr a

290 T im JOURNAL or BOTANY

t o h i s b ro t h e r s , No ve m be r 3 , 1789 , Jac qu i n says I h ave just c o m ef rom a M eet ing o f t h e L innea n Soc iety . D ryander comm un i cated aMonog rap h of B egon ia , w h ic h conta in s o ve r 20 spec ies . Co m pl im ents f r o m Baue r . I t h ink i t h i g h t ime t h at I b roug h t him awayf ro m h e r e , o t h e rw i s e h e w i l l be anne xed . Ba n ks i s ve ry m uc h imp ressed by h im.

”

At Kew Jacquin i s s t ruc k by the Magnol ias , Kal m ias , R h odode n d r on s , and ot h e r s g row ing i n t h e Open a i r ; co m pa r ed w i t h t h eV i e n na w inte r t h at of Kew i n m id -D ec e m be r i s Ap r i l w eat h e r .A i ton does e ve r rt h ing in t h e w o r ld fo r m e . He i s just b r i n ging

out a H or ins If ewen s is i n two vo lumes i n 8 vo ,w i t h 11 finely eng ra ved

plates . My lady Banks h as h ad t wo of t h ese beauti ful ly co lou r edand m ade me a p r ese n t of t h em ; t h ey a r e S tre l izia r egina ( s i c ) a n dL imoci’m'

umTan /rerv il l iw .

O n Aug. 7, 1789 , h e n ot ifie s h i s fat h e r of t h e despatc h of twoc ases of plants and a copy of H arms K ewensis and Swa r tz’ s P ro

dromzas .

“ T h e fo r m e r i s the fi r s t c opy t h at w as r eady . I h aver ec e i ved i t a s a g r eat fa vou r , fo r i t i s t h e etiquette h e r e t h at anyboo k t h a t i s dedi cated to t h e K ing , i s not put o n sa le u n t i l 14 daysafte r i t h as r eac h ed h i m , and s ince t h e K ing w i l l p r obably not co m e toLo n don fo r a fo r tn ig h t, i t w i l l b e 4! w eeks befo r e anyone ca n p rocu r e i t .

”

Jacqui n i s m uc h inte r es ted in t h e in sec ti vo r ous D ioncea w h i c hCu r t i s i s i m po r ting f rom Ame r ica . I t i s d ifficul t to cul t i vate , butLee h as been suc ces sful and gi ves Jacqu in w r i tten di r ect ion s for i tscul tu r e

,w h ic h h e sends to h i s fat h e r w i t h a batc h of l i v ing spec imen s .

F requent r efe r ence i s made in the l ette r s to de spatc h e s of d r ied plants ,seeds , o r l i v ing plan ts w h ic h h e h as r ec e i ved f rom Banks , or t h roug hth e k i n dness of t h e ga rdene r s at Kew , C h e ls ea , Syon ,

t h e nu r se rymanLee , and ot h e r s a r r angements a r e suggested for exc h ange of plan ts ,and boo ks a r e obtain ed by gift or pu r c h as e for t h e l ib r a ry at V i enna .

The fo l low ing r efe r ence to Mar te r suggests t h at Jama i ca w as no t

r ega rded as a des i r able h ome i n 1789 Of Mar te r I know not h ingexcept t h at h e w an ts to beco m e p h ys i c ian i n Ja m a i ca and at t h esa m e t ime D i r ec to r of t h e new b read - f ru i t pl antation . T h is pos i tio nh ow e ve r cannot be ve ry att r ac t i ve , s ince no E ngl i s h m a n w ould takei t

,and no t e ven Swa r tz w ho i s a poo r Sw ede .Mention i s a lso m ade of S ibthorp, w ho t h anks Jacquin pé re for

t h e D isse r ta t ions and gi ves an opin io n a s to t h e iden ti ty of (Zi/mmc iuun mon spe l iacmn Ladv Hume

,in w h ose ga rden Jo sep h saw

S ie r czi l ia B a laviykas in flo w e r ; the Ma r c h iones s of Rock ing h a m ,in

w h o s e ga rden , tw e l v e mi l es f ro m London , Ar a l /a capita l a and P or t

l am/ia.

r/randi/l ora w e re flo w e r ing ; M r. ltashleigh ; and , o n se ve ra lo ccas ion s , Lodd iges , w ho h e lped in the despatch of plants to V ienna .

T h e r e are a few ext rac ts f ro m lette r s f ro m Pa r is dated Feb rua ryt o July 1790 ,

but beyond an indication t h at Josep h consul ted Juss ion ’ sHe r ba r ium t h e r e i s no t h ing o f lo ca l in te r es t ; Jacqui n i s m uchd i s t re s sed by the un time ly deat h of Van dc Sc h ot , t h e ga rdene r atSc h o nb r unn . to w h om m any me ssages had been sent , as to t h ecul ti vati o n o f t he plan t s de spatc h ed, in p r e v ious l ette r s . T h e b ro c h u r eco nc l udes w i t h t w o b r i ef ex t rac ts f ro m a. l e tte r to h i s fat h e r o n Oc t . 28

,

1700 ,f r om Be r n .


292 TH E JOURNAL o r BO'

I‘ANY

S taffo rd s h i r e .

“ P r etty \Vl1111 i s qui te approp r iate for G en is ta

( my/ion ,bu t i s , w e sus pec t , a mi sp r int , o f w h i c h t h e r e a r e too m any ,

fo r t h e usua l Pe tty VVh in .

” T h e n ume rous al i en s and doubtfulr eco r ds are no t d i ffe rentiated typog rap h ica l ly f ro m t h e natu r a l const it uen ts of t he F lo r a . The C lub , of w h ose T ran sac t ion s t h i s i s t h e5 7t h vo lume , i s to be c ong ratulated on i ts p ro lo n ged and ac ti veex i s tence .

T HE Un i ve r s i ty of C h ic ago h as added to i ts useful Sc ie n c e Se r i esan att rac ti ve l i ttl e vo lume , The S tory of t li e JIIa ize P lan t ( 1 do l la r8 5 ,po s t pa id ) . I t c la ims t o be “ t h e on ly c omplete m ode rn exposi

t ion of t h e m o r p h ology of t h e ma ize ,’ ’and so fa r a s w e can judge

f rom an i n spect ion of t h e book , t h e c la i m i s justifi ed . I n a se r ie s ofc h apte r s , t h e aut h o r , M r. Paul Weathei wax, A ss i stan t P rofesso r ofBotany at Ind ia n a Un i ve r s i ty, d iscusses the names a n d re lation s h i ps ,t h e h i s to r y and geog rap h ica l d i s t r i bution , and the botan i cal o r i gi nof t h e plant ; t h e st ruc tu r e , ge rminat ion , anatomy , and p h ys io logy oft h e seed ; t h e func tion s of t he l eaf , t h e s h oot , roo t, and inflorescence ;po l l inati on and fecundat io n ; h e r ed i ty, b reed ing , eco l ogy , a n d kin ;d red subj ec ts , w i t h suc h p r ac t ica l m atte r s as planti n g

,t i l lage

, and

h a r vest ing , p roduc ts a n d uses ; c h apte r s on m a ize in abo r ig ina lA m e r i ca and in Ame r i can l i fe b r ing t h e se r i es to a c lose , save fo r a nadmi r abl e b ibl iog rap h y a n d a n excel l en t index . A w o r d m ust besa id for t he text - i l lus t r ations— 174 in n u m be r , w i t h tw o co lou r edplate s . We h a ve sel dom co m e ac ro s s a vo lum e in e ve ry way so w e l lp r oduced .

THE tw enty se vent h annual m eet ing and autumn fo r ay of t h eB r i ti s h Myco logic :11 Soc i ety was h eld at Windso r f 1 om Septe m be r 28t o Oc tobe1 3 . V i1ginia Wate r , Windso 1 Pa i k , Bu1 nham Beec h es

,

B rock h u r s tWoods , Stoke Comm o n , and B lack Pa r k w e r e wo1ked and

m any ra r e fungi w e1 e gathe1 ed , inc lud ing Cop i inus p icaceus , Hydn um cora l l ozdes , H . er inacezun , P l em'

otus pan to l eucus , P . revo

l zt tus , P lu teus ex imzus , P . cerv zn ns va1 . B u l l zi, P o l_1/p 0 7 us sp ztmeus ,and Rozites caperata . Profess sor Darbishi1e took for h i s P1 esident 1alAdd r ess t h e gene r al subj ec t of L i c h en s . '

l h e o ld cont 1ast betw eensys temati s t and p h ys io logi st i s now al m o st gone t h e p r esen t n eed ofsys temat i c l i c h eno logy i s t h at l i c h en g roups , gene r a , or e ven spec i e ss h oul d be t r eated m onog rap h i cal ly . T h e r elati on betw ee n fungusand al ga w as con s ide r ed and t h e e vo lut ion t 1aced f1om t h e flatc r ustaceous but ai eo late t vpe to the h i O‘hest phvsio logical type i nC l arl on in . O t h e r pape r s w e1e by M r . F. T . B 1ooks 0 11 ep ide rmi cplan t -d iseases , e m p h as izing t h e de l i cate balan ce betw ee n h os t , pa ras i te

,and env i ro n m en t, and d r aw ing a pa ra l le l betw een ep ide m i c

d i seases in plants and man and by Sir H . C . Haw l ey on t h e flo ra ofa blackbi r d ’ s nest in Augus t , w h i c h inc luded fou r teen spec i es , t en oft h em Py r enomycetes ; M r . Ca r l eto n Rea ga ve a tal k o n t h e m o reinte r esting fungi of t h e fo r ay,

and M r. Ram sbotto m desc r ibed a nunpubl i s h ed m onog rap h of Discomycete s byM . C . Cooke . M r . Ra m sbo ttom w as e l e c ted P r es ident for 1921 , and Miss G . L i ste r V iceP r es ident .

B OOK -NOTES , NEWS , ETC . 293

THE B r i t i s h Mycologica l Soc i ety i s publ i s h ing its Transact ionsw i t h g r eat r ap id i ty . T h e pa r ts 1 and 2 ( i ssued toget h e r on Sept . 2915 s . of vo l . i x . conta in accou n ts of t h e No rw i c h and K esw i c kFo r ays (1922 ) w i t h l i sts of t h e s pec i e s obse r ved , and a r eport on

Kesw i c k L i c h e n s and Mycetozoa an add r es s by M r . F . T . B rook s onSo m e P r ese n t -day Aspec ts of Myco logy and a pape r by M r . Carle v

ton Rea,so m ew h at unatt rac ti vely p r inted , on E d ibl e Fungi ; M r . Petc h

co n tinues h i s “ Studies in E nto m ogenous Fungi (Torrubie l l a ,w i t h

an ex ce l l e n t co lou r ed plate ) a n d h as a n ote on h i s ge n us Tr ichos ter igma , w h ich p ro ves to be identi ca l w i t h H irszl te l l a Pat ; MissLi s te r w r i tes on L ampoderma co lumbinumand i ts va r i et i es M r . W.

D . Buck ley desc r i bes new B r i t i s h D isco m yce t es,w i t h a new genus ,

Ramsbot tomia ,fro m D unoon ; M r . P . J . A l exa n de r gi ve s t h e r esul t

of te n yea r s ’ study of t h e E co l ogy and P h eno logy of Sur r ey Mycetozoa

”; M r. Some r v i l l e Hast ings desc r ibes a n d figu r es an al p i n e

fo rm of A ne l lar ia separata ; M r . R . C . M cLean offe r s Rema rk s ont h e Natu r e a n d Defin i t ion of Spec ies M i s s W. L . Hake cata loguest h e B r i t i s h spec i m e n s of Laboa l ben iacea? in t h e T h axte r Col l ec t io na t t h e B r i t i s h M useu m ; M r . W. F . R idle r d i scuss es “ T h e Fungusp r esen t i n Lunu lar ia cra cia ta

”(1 I . A . Hoggan w r i tes on

D ematiw n pu l la lans De Ba ry ; a n d R . S t . Jo h n B r ooks and M abe lR h odes gi ve a L i s t of Fungi , &c . m a inta i n ed in t h e Nat ional Coll ect io n of Type Cul tu r es — altoget h er a va r ied a n d i n terest ingn u m be r .

THE Journa l of the Royal H or ticul tura l Society for Septe m be r( x l v i 1i . pa r ts 2 3) conta in s a n inte r est ing pape r on

“ So m e Ea r lyI ta l ia n Ga r den i n g Book s ” t h e f r ui ts of a h u r r i ed sea r c h i nI tal ia n book s h ops and st r eet ba r row s — by M r . E . A . Bu n ya r d

,

i l lust r ated by fou r r ep roduc tion s of plates , one of t h e m (f ro m A r ena’ s

Oo l tura cl i F ior i, 1768 ) co n ta in i n g figu r e s of 28 po l len g rain s ; anot h e r ,a beaut iful d r aw i n g of a l i ly , i s f rom t h e Varies ac IlIzzl t if ormesF l oramSpecies of N i co las Robe r t (1665 — a se r i es of coppe r platesr i g h tly desc r ibed by M r . Bunya r d a s m ag n ific ently executed ”

and u n doubted ly a sca r c e w o r k , as P r itze l on ly r efe r s to i t a s i nJussieu

’

s l i b r a ry . M r . Bunya r d w i l l find i t t h us ente r ed i n t h e fir s ted itio n of P r i tze l , w h ic h con ta in s many w o r k s on ga r den ing o m i ttedf ro m t h e second , inc luding , w e t h ink , ot h e r s of t h ose m entioned i nh i s l i st . T h e pape r conta i n s n ume rous notes of inte rest 0 11 m anyof t h e books m en tioned

,and a bibl iograp h y

,r anging f ro m 1471

to 1792 , i s appended ; t h e le tte r - p r es s p r esents a r at h e r cu r iousappea r ance , on ac count of the ve ry sma l l pa rag rap h s , often of on lyone sentence , in to w h ic h i t i s b roken up. T h e Jou rnal a l so inc lud esa m e m o i r w i t h po r t r a i t of the Rev . Wi l l iam VV ilks (1843Secreta ry of t h e Soc i ety f ro m 1888 to 1920 ; a pape r 0 11 Autumn

C rocuses , by M r . E . A . Bow l es,W it h 8 plates ; and an account by

M r . F . K ingdon Wa rd , of “ T h e Flo r a of t h e T ibeta n Ma r s h esa l t oget h e r an excel l e n t numbe r .

E inff

u lzrzmg in die l anzenpat lzo l ogie , by H . Mo rstat t (Bo rnt raege r , Be r l i n , 3s . ) Made i n G e r m any i s n otew o r t h y in so far as

294 r un JOURNAL o r BOTANY

it attempts to su m m a r i se va r ious m ode r n a spects of pla n t pat h ologyand co n ta ins muc h info r m a t ion w h i c h h a s no t p r ev io us ly appea r ed ast ext - bo ok mat te r . T h e aut h o r r ega r d s P lant Pat h o logy as a sepa r a test udv . but h o lds t h e v iew t h at a plan t pat h o logist mus t not on ly bea spec ia l i st but a gene ra l b io logi st as w e l l : i t begin s t o be a gene ra l lyexp r e ssed op in ion t h at h ea lt h and d isease in plants is a n ext r eme ly compl i cated affa i r— plants a r e v e ry h uman . T h e book i s d i v ided into fou rpo r t ion s— Recogn i t ion of P lan t D i sea ses , Know ledge of Plan t D i s ea ses ,O r i gin of Plan t D i seases , and P lant P ro tect ion fo r ty pages o r so of

t he t h i r d pa r t w h ic h dea l w i t h fungus and in se c t pa r as i te s see m out

o f plac e in a book of t h i s type . I t i s a co m m on fai l ing of e l e m enta rybooks to gi ve long l i s ts of w h a t a r e prac tical ly on ly ba r e na m es o ffungi t h e se are mo r e m i s lead ing t h an useful w h e n t h e r e i s not suffi

c ien t d eta i l nor i l lust ra tion . T h e boo k w oul d p r o ve an exc e l l ent onefo r p ract ic e in t ra n s lat io n f rom t h e G e r m an , as t h e subj ec t -matte r i sc lea r

,conc i s e , and up

- to -date .

— J . R .

THE Ch il dren'

s B ook of K now ledge , w h i c h Mess r s . Cassel l a r epubl is h ing in mont h ly parts , i s a tt r ac t i ve ly p roduced , but t h e bo tany ,judgi n g f rom t h e a r ti c le on t h e L i ly i n n o . 28 , w oul d be bette rfor r e v i s ion .

“ T h e l i ly ,”w e a r e to ld

,

“ i s t h e s i gn of t h e Resurrec

t ion , and as suc h i s t h e E aste r flow e r [I t] was l ong used ast h e Easte r l i ly , but s i n c e i ts flow e r s often fa i l ed to appea r i n t ime forEaste r

,i ts place h as been la r gely taken by t h e Be r m uda l i ly ”

; no

t r ad i tio n , h ow e ve r , con n ects L il iam candid-umw i t h E aste r , and t h esecond senten ce quoted s h ow s t h at i t coul d not be so assoc iated . One

c an h a r dly a l low t h at t h e L i l iaceae a r e one of t h e m o st impo rtanto r de r s of plants , s i n ce so m any of it s me m be r s inc luding aspa ragus ,on ion ,

l eek,ga r l i c

,c h i ves , etc . a r e a r t i c l es of food ”

; but t h e mo s tre m a r kabl e featu re of the a r t i c l e i s t h e int roduc tion of a beaut ifulfigu r e of Nymplzcea s te l l ata, w i t h t h e l egend T h e Sta r r ed “l aterl i ly

,a love ly exa m ple of t h i s inte r esting g roup ”

1

THE Or chid Review for Septembe r con tains an in te r es t i n g pape rby Co lo n e l G odfery on t h e plants w h i c h i n t h i s Jou rna l for 1921

( p . 10 6 ) h e named E p ipactis l lf ue l l er i, sepa ra t ing i t f ro m E . c ir i

dgfl ora Re ic h . w i t h w h i c h i t h ad been confused , and exp r ess ing adoubt based on h i s v e ry ful l in ve sti gat io n and desc r i pti on ( l . c . ) ast o w h et h e r i t d id no t con st i tute a d i st inct genus . T h i s v i ew h a s beenadopted by W . Zimm e r m an ,

w ho has publ i s h ed i t as P arapacfi s

ep ipacfo ides . T h e spec ific name obv iou s ly cannot stand i n v i ew of

t h e ident ity of t h e plan t w i t h E . Ill ue l l er i, but w e lea ve to a m a teu r sof new combinat ions .

”or, be tte r , to w o r ke r s a t O r c h ids , t h e mak ing

o f t he nece ssarv a lteration .

Hr'

runu'

ro the mat h emat ica l , p h ys ica l , and b io logica l pape r s submit t ed to t he Camb r idge P h i lo sop h ica l So c iety h a ve been publ i s h edin on e se r i e s o f P ro ceed ings . In o r de r to fac i l i tate t h e publ icatio no f the re sul ts o f bio logica l resea r c h ca r r i ed out in Camb r idge

,i t has

been dec ided to attempt t h e publ i catio n of a sepa rate se r i es of‘B i o


296 THE JOURNAL o r nor -xxx

IN t h e la tes t ins ta lment ( l xv i i i . ) of t h e Con t r ibutions f rom the

G ray Il e i bazium, D r . B . L . Rob in son cont inues h i s “ Reco rd s of

E upa tor iaceoe ; M r . I . M . Jo h n ston p r in ts “ Stud ies in t h e B oi aqi

n acece , in the cou r se of w h i c h he r es to r es Opiz’ s genus H ac li e l za and

m onograp h s P l ayiobo t l wys and An t ip lzytum. F r o m t h e same w r i te rw e h a ve desc r i pt ion s of new Spe rmatop h ytes

,mo s tly E up lzorbia cece ,

includ ing a new genus of P lzyl lan t lzeas , H a l l iop lzoz/Ium ; a synops i sof Hymenopapp us ; and a new ge n us of Comp osite? (E remonanus )a l l ied to D imeres ia .

BOTANY i s usua l ly so m ew h at spa r ingly r ep r e sen ted in S cien ce

P 1 0 71 6 8 8 , and t h e O c tobe r i ssue to1ms 110 exc eptio n to t h e rul eD 1 . Sal isbu1y, how

'

,eve1 gi ves a summa ry , so m ew h a t be lated , of

pape r s t h at l ia 1 e appea l ed in v a r ious pe r iodica l s be tw ee n No ve m be r,

1922 ,and Ap r i l of t h e p r ese n t yea r .

WE l ea r n f r o m t h e A n nual Repo r t for 1922 of t h e F i eld Museu m ofC h icago t h at t h e Depa r tmen t of Botany 11a s r ec e i ved t h e la r ge p r i va teh e r ba r iu m

,con s i st i n g of about s h eets m ost ly of E u ropean

pla n ts, of the late E doua r d Jeanpert , fo rme r ly an a ss i stant in Cos so n

’ sh e r ba r ium. T h e Repo r t a l so co n ta i n s an accoun t of t h e expedi t io nto B r i t i s h Gu ia n a , for t h e pu r pose of secu r ing botan ical ex h ib i tionm ate r ia l and stud ies fo r t h e plant r ep roduc t ion s in t h e D epa r t m en t .

D R . GEORG BITTER pub l i s h es in F edde ’ s Reper tor ium a con

t inuat ion o f t h e pape r s 0 11 S o l ana af'

r icana cont r i buted by him t o

E ngle r ’ s J ali rbuc lz. To t h e g r eat incon ven i enc e of a l l w ho use t h ew o r k , t h e h ead i n gs of t h e pages a r e left enti r e ly bla n k .

THE T ran sact i on s of t h e D evonshii e As soc iat ion ( l i v . 291—342 )co n ta in s a long a n d in te r est ing pape1 bv M es s r s M i l l e1 Ch i ist v and

R . Han sfo r d Wo r t h , w i t h nume1 ous il lust 1ations fi o m photog1aph s ,n T h e An c i en t Dwa r fed Oak Woods of Da r t m oo r . ”

THE Journa l of t lie K ew G uild fo r 1923 gi ves a b iog rap h y and

po r t ra i t of M r . E r nest He n ry Wi l s o n , w ho by h i s c ol l ec tion i n C h inah a s added so g r eatly to our bo ta n ica l k n ow l edge a n d to t h e t r ea su r e sof our ga r de n s .

THE f r i ends of t h e late Sir I . B . Bal fou r are a n x ious to pe r petuateh is memo ry by so m e tangibl e me m o r ial , and i t i s p roposed t h at t h i ss h ou l d take t h e fo r m of a 1 est h ouse fo i the use of v isito 1 s to t h e s itein G lenbrantei F 0 1 est , A1gv sl l h i r e , 11 l1ic h 11 a s set a s ide by t h e O fficeof Wo r k s and t h e Fo r est1y Commi s s ion 130 1 t h e cul ti vat io n of p lantsr ai sed in t h e Edinbu r g h Botan i c Ga r den s .

A RECEPT ION , at w h i c h the Sw ed i s h M in i s te r w as p r ese n t , w ash e ld on Oc tobe r 18 a t t h e r ooms o f t h e L innean Soc ietyas an info r m a lopen ing o f t h e Sess ion jus t begun . T h e no ti ce announc ing t h e e venti n timated t h at “

c 1 en ing d r ess ”was indi spen sabl e i n t h o se attend

ing ; t h i s w e ventu1 e to t h i n k 11 as a m i stake,and 111 t h i s opin ion w e

arenot alo n e .

THE V ITAL ITY AND DISTR IBUTION OF SEEDS .

BY J . C . SHENSTONE , E .L.S .

THE “ g r eat E s sex natu r a l i s t, Jo h n Ray , h a s placed on r eco r dt h at afte r t h e G r eat F i r e of Lo n don S isymbr iumIr io ca m e up ing r eat abunda n ce in 1 667—68 amongst t h e ruin s of t h e C i ty . In

Ray ’ s t ime m ost doc to r s and apot h eca r ie s w e r e bo tan i s ts , and w e r equi te fami l ia r w i t h our w i ld a n d cul t i vated plants ; a n d t h e r e can be110 doubt t h at t h i s sudde n p rofus ion of a r a re pla n t p r esented t o t h e ma m ost i n te r est ing p roblem. T h e on ly atte m pt at a so lut ion of t h ep roble m

, in Ray’ s t i m e

,appea r s to h ave been t h at of Robe r t Mo r i so n

,

P r ofesso r of Botany at Oxfo r d , w ho i n c luded a ve ry long d ialogueupo n t h e subj ec t i n h i s P rw l udia B o tan ica He suggestst h at t h e pla n ts w e r e p roduc ed by spo n taneous ge n e rat ion f ro m t h efixed and vo lati le sa lts , sul p h u r , e tc .

— a so lut io n w h i c h c e r ta in lyw oul d n ot appeal to a n y O xfo r d p rofesso r of the p r ese n t day (se eBaxte r , B r i t . Flow e r ing P lants , i i . pl . 146 ;T h e p h eno m ena l appea ran ce of a luxu r i ous c rop of pla n ts , ofte n

new to t h e d ist r i c t , w h i c h a lmos t in va r iably fo l low s t h e m ak ing ofr a i lway- cutt ings , t h e exca vat ing of w el l s , t h e d r edging of canal s

,or

t h e le ve l l i n g of bui lding- s i tes , was as l i ttl e u n de r sto od by m ode rnbotan i s ts as by t h os e of t h e t i m e of the G r eat F i r e , unt i l r ecen tresea r c h es t h r ew so m e l ig h t upo n i t .T h e so lut io n of t h e p roble m c lea r ly depends upo n two l i n es of

e n qui ry T h e lengt h of t i m e t h at s eeds m ay r e ta in t h e i r v i ta l ityw h en e m bedded i n t h e ea r t h at d i ffe r e n t dept h s u n de r natu r a l cond it ions ; a n d (2 ) a m o r e t h o roug h i n v estigat io n a s to t h e dist r ibutio nof seeds of w i ld pla n ts .T h e p1eservat ion of t h e latte r ob v ious ly depends la1gelyupon t h e

succ essful depos i t ion of t h e i r s eeds 111 such a m anne1 as to safegua1d

t h e r ea r i n g of futu1e geneiat ions of t h e spec ies . Had not t h e t w oh und r ed t h ousand know n spec ies of p h ane r oga m s succ eeded in t h i sdu r i n g t h e m any t h ousands of yea r s of t h e i r ex i s te n ce , t h e w o r l d floraw ould h a ve d i sappea r ed lo n g ago . T h e p roble m m ust , t h e r efo r e , ber ega r ded as o n e of except io n a l i n te r es t .

V ITALITY .

P r ac t ica l ag r icul tu r i sts and h o r t icul tu r i sts h a v e lea r n t by ex

perience t h at mo s t seeds , w h en p rese r ved for futu r e use , qui ck lydete r io rate unde r o r d ina ry cond itions . But u n ti l rece n tly v e ry l i ttlew as know n of t h e v i tal i ty of w i l d seeds in na tural co n d itio n s . Our

know l edge of seed - v i tal i ty 11as bee n extended by t h e resea r c h es of

Becque r el,Ew a r t

,a n d D uvel .

Bec que r e l (Ann . Sei. Nat . Bot . s e‘

r . 9, v . pp . 193—310 ; 190 7 )te sted t h e ge1 1n inat ion of a l l t h e o ldest seeds of know n age (f1om25 to 135 veea l s ) p1ese1 ved 111 t h e N 1tar'

1 l H i s ton Museum of Pa r i s .T h e seeds of 500 spec ie s , i n c luded i n 30 f 1 1n ilies . 11 e1e te sted buton ly 50 of t h ese p roduc ed seedl ings , and al l of t h ese belo n ged to fou rfami l i es , mos tly L 1 qzumnosce , 11 i t h a few Mitzizzbuu ew . , lf ah acece ,

JOURNAL o r Bo rxxr .—V 0 1. . GI. [ l h zc nn num10221 ] 7.

298 THE JOURNAL or BO'

I‘ANY

and L abia /(e (see N ew P byfol ogzs t , v i i i . p . A . E wa r t

(P roc . It . Soc . V icto 1 ia , xx i . 1 211 ; 1908 ) publ is h ed a l i s t of 4000

i n stances , 30 00 o f t h e m a1e f1 om his ow n obse1 vat ion . T h ese w e1e

m ade m os tly upo n a sto r e of seeds f ro m 600 spec ies , found i n acupboa rd a t M e l bou r n e

,w h i c h h ad been se n t out f ro m Kew in 1856

for a p roj ec ted botan i cal ga rden , but w e r e n e ver used (Area) P hyto

l o f/is t , l . E wa r t ’ s expe r i m e n ts co n fir m ed t h ose of Becque r el ,t h e L eyumz

’

nosw fu r n i s h ing m o r e t h a n h al f of t h e n umbe r of cases oflongev ity . I n m o s t cases t h ese w e r e w h at a r e know n a s “ h a r d ”

seeds ; t h ey do no t sw e l l in w ate r,m any Legu m inous seeds being

p ro v ided w i t h a h a r d waterp roof coating w h i c h m ust be b r oke n befo r ew ate r can be imbibed .

J .W . T . D uve l publ i s h ed tw o ve ry i m portan t pape r s o n t h e subj ec tin Bul l et in s 58 and 83 of t h e Bureau of Plan t Indust 1y of t h e U . S .

D epa1 tment of Agi icul ture . Bul l et i n No . 5 8 IS on cul ti vatedseeds , a n d the aut h e1 fin d s t h a t t h e av c1age l i fe of t h os e vari es g r eatlyw i t h d i ffe r en t fa m i l ie s

,gene ra , and spec i es , some lo se t h e i r v i tal ity

in a few m o n t h s,w h i l e ot h e r s r e ta in i t fo r yea r s . Wi t h p rope r t r ea t ?

men t v i tal i ty m ig h t be p r olo n ged fo r m any yea r s,but n e ve r fo r

centu r ies . C l imati c influen ce plays a m os t impo r tan t pa r t in p r ese r v ing v i tal i ty , h eat w i t h m o i s tu r e qui c k ly dest roy ing i t , w h i l e a d ryte m pe rate c l imate p ro longs i t .

D uvel’

s second pape1 (Bul l et i n N o . 83 , 1905 , on t h e v i tal i ty of

bu1 1ed seeds ) reeo1ds expei iments made 1 ep1 esen t ing 109 spec i es , 8 1gen era , and 34 fami l i es of cul t i vated and w i ld plants . H e mi xed eac hseed sa m ple w i t h d1y c lay so i l and packed t h e mixtmes in d ry w e l lbaked c lay fl ow e r - pots , co ve r ing t h emw i t h inve r ted clay sauce r s . The

seeds had been h a r vested in 1902,and w e r e bu r ied at va r ious dept h

in h ea vy c lay so i l i n D ece m be r of t h e sa m e yea r . As a,r esul t of

t h ese expe r i m ents i t i s stated t h at w i l d seeds r eta i n t h e i r v i ta l itylonge r t h an t h o s e of cul t i vated pla n ts

, and t h at t h e r e are w ideva r iation s in t h e v i tal i ty of seeds of d i ffe r en t spec ie s i n t h e samegenus

,e ven amongst the w i ld fo r m s . T h e pe r n i c ious c h a rac te r of a

w eed i s usual ly p ropo r tional to t h e l e n gt h of t i m e i ts seeds r e m a i nv iabl e w h e n bu r i ed ; t h e deepe r t h e seeds a r e bu r ied , t h e bette r i st h e i r v i tal ity p r es e r ved

,a n d h a r d s eeds r eta i n t h e ir v i ta l i ty l o n ge r

t h an soft o n e s .T h ese re sea r c h es are of g reat i n te r es t i n r el at io n to t h e p roble m

unde r cons ide ratio n . T h e conc lus i on s a r r i ved at appea r to fa vou r thet h eo ry t h a t deeply~buried seeds of w i ld plants unde r natu ra l condit ions may r eta in t h e i r v i tal ity , i n some cases e v en for a ve ry longpe r iod , not ge rminat ing unti l b roug h t to t h e su r fa ce . I t m ust beno ted t h a t in D uve l

’

s expe r iments 0 11 w i ld seeds , t h es e w e r e not sub

w i tted t o t h e natu r a l cond i tion s of sel f- plan ted seeds . Had t h i s bee ndone ,

the conc lus ions w oul d h a ve been m uc h m o r e con vinc ing .

T h e fo l low ing unpubl i s h ed obse r vatio n s s h ou ld t h r ow fu r t h e r l ig h tupo n t h e p robl em w e a r e con s ide r ing

In a ga rden n ea r B i rming h am t h e r e used to be bus h e s of [fl ex

n am/mus,w h i c h w e re pul led up about tw enty yea r s ago and dest royed ;

ye t , yea r a fte r yea r , seed l ings o f Ul ex h a ve co m e up in t h at ga rden .



k n ow l edge t h e abundanc e of w e l l - p re se r ved seeds w h i c h oc cu r in t h e seanc i ent depo s its , and p roved t h a t t h e p lan ts w h i ch now c lot h e ou r

i s land abounded in ve ry ea r ly t i m es . On t h e Dogge r Bank , i n t h em idd le of t h e G e r m a n Oc ean , a peaty depo s i t , know n as m oo r l og ,

”

becomes en tangled in t h e fishermen ’

s nets . In 1909 t h i s depo s i t wasca r efull y in vestigated by M r . and M rs . Re id ( E ssex N a tura l is t

,x v i .

p . 5 l ; w ho found t h at i t w as r i c h in w e l l - p r ese r ved seeds,

m os tly of r i ve r s ide and w ate r plants , suc h a s M enyan t/zes trg'

f o l l ata ,

al l r ep r esented i n our m ode rn flo r a .

D I STR IBUT ION .

T h e m ec h a n i sm by w h i c h ind i v idual seeds a r e d i s t r i buted 11as beenstud ied for a ve ry long pe r iod and r eco r d ed in our text -books but i tis on ly r ecen tly t h at t h e co lon i sat ion of new a r eas on a la rge scal ehas bee n r ece i v i n g atten t ion . T h e c las s ical i n stance i s t h a t of t h eI s land of K rakatoa , t h e v egetati on of w h i c h was co m pl etely dest royedi n 1883 by a vo lcan i c e ruption . T h e immig ra tion of i ts new flo r aw as stud ied by T r enh (Ann . Ja r d . Bot . Bui tenzo r g . vn . w ho

r e po r t ed t h at w i t h i n a b r ief pe r iod t h e i s land beca m e co ve r ed w i t hvegeta t i o n

,cons i s t i n g a t fir s t of al gae , and soon a lmo s t en ti r e ly of

fe rn s ; and w i t h i n t en yea r s a flo ra o f p h ane roga m s fo l low ed (Penzi gin op . cit . 1902 ; E rn st, N ew Flo r a of K r aka tau

, Ca m b r idge ,

A recen t ex pe r imen t s h ow s how w el l equ i pped seed - plan ts are fo rt ran sfe r r ing t h e m se l ves to new h ab itats ( see \Vhe ldon and W i lson ,

F l ora (f Wes t Lan cashire , 1907 , p . 339 ; C . E . Mo s s , Vege ta t ion ofthe P ea l : D is tric t , 19 l 3 , p . A pond was m ade n ea r Ga r stangi n No r t h Lancas h i r e , and w as ca r eful ly ra i led off again st cattl e ; i tw as w atc h ed to see w h at plants w oul d appea r in i t : w i t h in e i g h teenm on t h s , N ite l l a opaca ,

Oa l l itr icke sp.

, A l isma P l an tago, G lycer ia

f luitans , J an cas congl omera tus , and J . ar t icula tus h ad establ i s h edt h e m se l ves .

Some tw en ty - five yea r s ago m y atte n t ion was c al l ed by M r . T r et h ewy , Lo r d Cow pe r

’ s land agen t , to a sma l l oak - plan ta tion n ea rCo l c h este r , w h i c h h ad o r iginated as fo l low s :— A po r tion of a fieldh ad been r a i l ed in , t o p r e vent peopl e w a lk ing on t he enc lo sed spac eand to p rotec t i t f rom r abb its ; ve ry soon a spon taneous and plentifulc rop of young oak seed l ings appea r ed 111 t h e spac e . T h e r e a r e sandyt rac ts in t h at pa r t of E s se x w h i c h w h en fenced ofi soon de velop int os imi l a r oak plantat ion s . T h ese a r e bel ieved to a r i se f r o m aco r n sd ropped by t h e la r ge r b i rds , suc h as pigeons a n d r ooks , in fly ingf rom o ne plantation to anot h e r ; rooks , i n deed , h a ve bee n obse r ved tod rop aco rn s .

The in fluenc e of t h e so i l in the al te ra t ion of a flo r a i s to be seenn ea r t h e b r ine spr ings at D ro i tw ic h , Wo r ceste r s h i r e

, and at No r t hw i c h , C h es h i r e , w h e r e t h e g round h as become so m ew h at sal in e ; t h ec h a r ac te r o f th e flo r a 11as a l so c h anged and beco m e m a r i ti m e

,a s

s h ow n by t h e p resence of h a lop h y tes , suc h as A t r ip l ex gl abr iuscul ava r . B abing/om

’

i,(f l /ma; mar t l lma

,G lycer in» azzar it ima ,

J ancas com

p ressas va r . G erardi, a n d Sp eryal ar la sa l l aa (Lo r d dc Tabley ,

T IIE V I TAL ITY AYD DI STR IBUTION OF S EED S 30 1

F l or a of Cheshire , 1899 , p . 54 ; and A m p h l ett a n d Rea , B otanyof Worcestershire , 1909 , p . 59

, Nor m ust w e o ve r look t h efac t t h at m any of our s ea - coas t plants (Halop h ytes ) occu r a lso upo nm oun ta in h e i g h ts , fa r r emo ved f rom t h e sea - coast .I n 1885 M I

1

. J . W . W h i te publ i s h ed (P roc . Linn . Soc . 1884— 85,

p . 108 ) a m ost inte r esting pape r on t h e ge rmination of seed s a fte rp ro longed sub m e r s ion i n sa l t w ate r . T h e D ock Ha r bou r aut h o r i tys tart ed d r edging Ope r ation s in t h e A von

,n ea r B r i sto l and d redgings

w e r e depos i ted i n a d i sused ston e qua r r y in t h e Avon G o r ge . I m m ediately afte r t h e depos i t w as l e ve l led in 1882

,a luxu r iant 0 1

1

0 p ofva r ied vegetation appea r ed con s i sting of some 50 s pec ies , n ati ve tot he banks of t h e Avon above and be low B r i s to l but not p r e vious lyo bse r ved n ea r t h e o l d qua r ry ; w i t h t h e m w as a sp r ink l ing of ma r it ime pla nts . T h e on ly explanat ion poss ibl e w as t h at t h ese seeds h adbeen w a s h ed down f rom the h ig h e r reac h e s of t h e r i ve r

,and had la in

do rmant fo r a t i m e , imm e r sed in sa l t w ate r,s ti l l r eta in i n g t h e i r

v i ta l i ty .

Some t h i r ty yea r s ago t h e Co l c h es te r Co r po r a t i o n ca r r ied out

d r edg ing ope rat ion s in t h e Col ne e stua r y , and t h e d r edgings w e r esp r ead o ve r t h e adj o in ing m a r s h la n d s . A lmo s t imm ed iate ly a luxur i an t c r op of a somew h at r a r e and ve ry loca l plan t , L ep z

'

rl ium. l a t i

f'

o l ium, co ve r ed t h e se depos i ts ; p r ev ious ly i t h ad g row n in s m al lg roups about t h e r i ve r - s ide and adjo in ing dykes ; i t woul d a ppea rt h at f rom t h e se g roups t h e r i ve r - bed h ad beco m e stocked w i t h seed s .About t h e same t i m e an abundan t g row t h of t h e same spec i esappea r ed n ea r a s m al l landing- stage on a na r row br anc h of t he

B lackwate r es tua ry at Sal co t and V i r ly , in E ssex . U pon enqui ry Iwas in fo rmed t h at t h e r i ve r -bed h ad been d r edged and t h e d r edgingsdepo s i ted upon t h at spo t . T h e expl anat io n i s doubtles s t h e same asabo ve .

T h e appea rance of Spar t ina Townsendz'

, fir s t r eco r ded at Sout hampto n Wate r by H . J . G r o ves (Rep . Bot . E xc h ange C lub . 18 80

8 1,p . and i ts r ema rkable sp read a long th e sout h coast t o Poo le

Ha r bou r,i s w e l l desc r i bed by Ca ry and O l i ve r (Tida l L ane

’s,19 18 ,

p .

M r . J . Ada m s has cont r i buted to the Ir ish Ar

e tara l is t (xiv . 80 ;1905 ) some re sea r c h e s upon seeds he found unde r lying a pas tu re o ftw enty yea r s ’ stand ing . He r e m o ved the tu r f in va r ious pa r ts of thefie ld to a dept h of t h r ee inc h es , and c o l lec ted t h e subjac en t so i l to afu r t h e r dept h of t h r e e or fou r inc h es , al toget h e r obta in ing enoug hea r t h to fil l a ga rden -ba r row . T h e seeds co nta ined in t h i s so i l w e r eca r eful ly r emo ved by w as h ing t h r oug h s ieves of va r ious m es h es

, et c . ,

and w e r e examined and iden t ified ; 8 29 w e r e found,r ep r esent ing t he

seeds found unde r an a r ea. of approxin1at el ‘1'

one squa r e ya r d : no

doubt m any seeds escaped , and t he numbe r w oul d h a ve been con

side11ab lymul t i pl i ed i f h e had penet rated the g r ound to a dept h o ffrom 9 to 12 inc h es for , as w e know , the act ion of 11

1

0 11

1115 and r ainfa l l ca r r i es seeds dow n to a con s ide rable dept h . T h e seeds ident ifiedr ep r esented 22 spec i es . “ suc h as \V l1eat , lx

‘yegrass. P o lygonum ( 70 n

ro l val as , a n d P . aviculare , R a ine r cr ispas , Roman -a l as arm

'

s ,


\Vhite C love r , Foo l’ s Parsl cv , and Ye l l ow Rattl e

,

‘ so m e of w h i c hst i l l o ccu r r ed i n t h e pastu r e . Ve ry few of t h e spec i es r eta i n ed t h e irv ita l i ty

,and t h ese inc luded Ranzmca l us acr is a n d P o ly/gonum Con

v o l va l zis , w h i c h m ig h t w e l l h a v e depos i ted t h e i r seed qu i te r ec e n tly .

T h e r esea r c h i s inte r est-i n g as s h ow ing t h at p robab ly m o st of t h esu r face - so i l o f our c ou n t ry co n ta in s an abundance of do r m an t seeds ofso m e k ind or ot h e r . B i r c h seeds w e r e n u m e r ous

, and , a s t h e n ea r estb i r c h t r ees w e r e a qua r te r of a m i le aw ay , t h e i r p r ese n c e gi ves r i s e tot h e question “ how d id t h ey get t h e r e ? ” Had t h e b i r c h t r ee sSp r in kl ed t h e w h o l e su r round ing a r ea to a d i s tance of o ve r a qua r terof a m i le w i th t h e i r w i n d -c a r r ied seeds or w e r e t h e seeds co n veyedt o t h i s pa r ticu la r field by t h e agency of fa r m a n i m al s

,w h ic h h ad

p r ev ious ly bee n pastu r ed n ea r bi r ch t r eesD 1

1

. W in i f r ed E . B r enc h l ey (Rothamsted E xpe r i m e n tal Stat io n )has publ i s h ed (Jou rn . Ag r ic . Sc i e n ce , i x . pa r t 1 , 1918 ) a ful l a n dca r eful r esea r c h 0 11 Bu r i ed Weed S eeds ,

” deal ing w i t h t h e ge r m in at ing capac ity of seeds c o n ta i n ed in so i l u n de r n atu r a l condit ion s andat d iffe r en t dept h s . Sa m ples w e r e take n , w it h ev e r y poss i bl e p r ecautio n aga i n s t e r ro r , f r o m o ld pastu r e

,pas tu r e o r i g inal ly arable , a n d

a r abl e lands . Conc lus i ve p roof was obta ined t h at seeds of Veron icahederaef o l ia h ad r eta i n ed t h e i r v i tal i ty afte r ly ing bu r i ed for te nyea r s ; and t h e r e was ev ide n c e t h at ot h e r se eds h ad su r v i ved bu r i a lfo r at l east 58 yea r s . T h e n um be r of v iable seeds obta ined f r om one

fie ld , cal culated f r o m an a ve r age of t h e sa m ples take n,a m oun t-cd to

17 m i l l ion s pe r ac r e . Fu r t h e r in fo r m at ion upo n bu r i e d w eed seedsw i l l be found in D r. B renchley

’s book Weeds of Fa r m Land

,

”and

in t h e fo r t h coming w o r k M anu r ing of G r a ss l and , w h i c h,she tel l s

us, gi ves a n analys i s of t h e h e r bage of g rassland after m a n u r ing foro ve r s i xty yea r s , and w h i c h co n ta in s r efe r enc es to t h e ea r l i e r w o r kon t h e sa m e a r eas at Rothamsted of Law es , G i l be r t, a n d Maste r s .

Ewa r t h as al so m ade obse r vat ion s upon seeds bu r i ed below ex i sting fo r es t v egetat ion in Aust r a l i a , and h a s found some at 18 inc h esbe low t h e su r fac e w h i c h h ad r eta in ed t h e i r v i tal i ty (New P h y t . l .I t i s w el l know n t h a t w h en h eavy c lay fie lds a r e fe r ti l ized by

sp r ead ing c h al k o ve r t h e m , a c h al k flo r a appea r s ; but i f qu i c k - l imeb e used in stead , i t f r eque n tly h appen s t h at a 0 1

1

0 1) of w h i te c l o v e rm akes i ts appea r an ce (P r att, F l ow er ing P l an ts of G rea t B ritain ,

i .p

. 127 ; 18 7 and p r act ica l fa rme r s h a ve to l d m e t h at a c rop of

t refo i l s fo l l ow s t h e t r eat m e n t of fields w i t h bas i c sl ag . Ne i t h e r bu r n tl ime nor bas i c s lag can conta in s eeds , h enc e t h e infe r e n ce i s t h at t h es eeds o r iginated f ro m p r ev ious c r ops of w h i te c love r and t r e fo i l s .I t 11 118 been put on r eco r d t h at la n d r ec la i m ed at Ho lde rness at

the mout h of t h e Hu m be r y ie lded spontan eously a good g row t h ofg ras s w i t h a n abundan c e of w h i te c lo ve r w i t h in 3 yea r s afte r en

c lo su r e ( l’roe . l n s t . C i v i l E ngin ee r s , xx i . p .

M uc h sugges t i ve info rmat ion conce r n ing t h e d i st r i bution of seedsand t h e peopl ing of new so i l ” w i l l be found i n Wa rmi n g ’ s af co l of/yof P lan ts , 1909 , pp . 349 ,

352 , 363 ; but space does n ot adinit offurt h e r d i scuss io n of t h i s i m porta n t tepi c .



w h enever t h e ea r t h was deeply ploug h ed ; and late r , du r i n g t h e War,

Peppies abou n ded upon t h e t r enc h e s in F lande r s a n d in G a l l ipo l i .T h e Poppy capsul e co n ta i n s v e ry n um e r ous s m a ll se eds ; u n de r t h eplate c row n ing t h e capsules , a r ing of ape r tu r es w i l l be fou n d , and

t h ese se r ve to scatte r t h e seed ve ry effec t i vely f r o m t h e r i pe capsule s ,w h en sw ayed by t h e w i n d . T h us a ve ry few pla n ts sca r ce ly n o tic eable

,w ould sutfice to p r o v ide seed for a ve ry fine di splay on n ew ly

dug up ea r t h , fa vou r abl e to t h e g r ow t h of t h e spec ie s .About 1910 t h e gay appea r a n c e of t h e Aldwych bu i l d i n g - s i te i n

London attracted m uc h atte n t io n . Un fo r tu n ately so m e m i sc h i e vouspe1 so n s added to t h e d i splay by throwmg gal den seeds o v e r thepal ings enc los ing t h e s i te , t h us l endering t h e l i s ts publ i s h ed in t h en ew spape r s va lue les s fo i sc i en tific pu1poses . But t h e r e w e1e so m efive o r m o r e ot h e r bu i ld i n g- s i tes i n t h e C i ty and West E n d , tow h ic h publ i c attent io n h ad not bee n ca l led , t h at w e r e al so gay w i t ha n a l ie n flo r a . T h ese w e r e qu i te f r ee f r o m a n y susp ic ion of h av i n gbeen ta m pe r ed w i t h . Refe r e n c e to t h e a r t ic l e quoted above (Jou rn .

Be t . 1912 , 117 ) w i l l s h ow that t h e p lants g r ow ing upo n t h ese s i te scould be sepa r ated i n to fou r g roups— Fo rage pl ants , S m al l - seededplants , W ind -d is t r ibuted plants , a n d E scape s f r om cu l t i vat io n ; a n dt h at suc h plan ts w oul d h a ve h ad 110 difficul ty in r eac h ing t h es e s i tesby o r d i n a ry m eans of d i st r ibution . T h e v i ew s t h e r e e xp r essedr ec e i ved confir m ation f r o m M r . Upton , of t h e B edfo r d O ffice , w ho

had actual ly se e n r oug h h e r bage be ing mow n dow n n ea r t h e Norfo l kb roads , and was info r m ed t h at i t was dest ined for use i n town s forn ose - bags , to keep t h e h o r s es qui e t , w h i lst tu m b r i l s w e r e be in gloaded ; h e la te r obse r ved a row of h o r ses , h a r n es sed to tumb r i l s ,actual ly scatte r i n g fo r age about upon t h e B loo m sbu r y s i te . Fo rageplants w e r e , as a fa ct , t h e m o st nu m e rous on t h e se s i tes .M r . A . B . Jackso n states t h a t w h e n t r e es a r e g rubbed up at

Daw ick , Peebles , for r eplan t i n g, t h e Foxglo ve sp r ings up. I t i s w el lknow n t h at a s ingle pla n t of Foxglo ve p roduc es m any t h ousands of

se eds . G roups of t h e s e pla n ts , w h i c h h av e p robably at so m e t i m eex i sted i n t h e pa r k , cou ld eas i ly h ave i m p r egnated t h e soi l w i t h a nabu n da n t supply of t h e i r seeds , a n d subseque n t g r oups h av e , no doubt ,r enew ed t h e supply of seeds f r om ti m e to t i m e ; but one ca n sca r c elyr e si st t h e co n c lus io n t h at t h e seeds m us t h ave 1 etained t h e i r v i ta l i tyfo1 se ve r a l yea r s— as al so in t h e i n s ta n c e na r r ated by An n e P r att

(F l ow er ing P lan ts , l V . p . 121 ;T h e w oodlands in E s se x and ot h e1 easte rn count i es a r e c h i efly

w h at a r e k n own as Oak Assoc ia tions , t h e t i m be r t r ees be ing m o stlyoak s . Beneat h t h e m i s a den se unde r g row t h of Oorylus A vel lana ,

C’arpinus B e ta l as , and so m etimes ash . So den se i s t h i s unde rg row t ht h at g round - vegetation r e m ain s in a mo 1 ibund cond i tion un ti l a spacei s c lea1ed, and l i g h t and a i 1 admit te l . E ac h 1 ea r a sec tio n of t h e se11 oods 1s t h us c lea1 ed , t h e unde1gr

'

o 11 th be ing cut dow n and so l d and

some of t h e t imbeI t r ees fe l l ed .

'

l h ese sec t ion s a r e so a r ra n ged t h a tt h e w h o l e w ood i s c lea r ed du r ing a pe1 iod of t en 0 1

1 fou1 teen yea1 s , sot h a t each yea r one of t h e te n o r

t )

fourteen sec tio n s 1s exposed to l ig h t

THE V ITAL I TY AND D I STRIBUT ION or SEED S 305

a n d ai r . Al m o s t i mmed iately afte r t h e c l ea r a n c e , t h e g rou n d becomesca r peted w i t h a g rand s h ow of P r imula c a lf/ar t

'

s (o r, in one d i st r ic t ,P . e l a tior ) , Scz

'

l la n n tan s , A nemone n emorosa , Lychn is diurna ,and

o t h e r spec ies of w ood la n d plants . As t h e unde rw ood aga in g row s up,t h ese plants g radual ly become depaupe rated . P r i m rose plants w i t hetio lated leaves , scarce lv r ecog n izab le , m ay ofte n be found in t h et h i c k unde r g row t h .T h ese w oods s h ould affo rd a n ad m i r ab le oppo r tu n i ty for experi

m ental r esea r c h . It i s suggested t h at i f a se r i es of sa m ples of t h eso i l w e r e tak en f rom d iffe r en t dept h s , and al so f ro m eac h of thesec tion s of t h e wood

, and t h e v i tal ity of t h e seeds ca r eful ly tested ,so m e valuabl e r esu l ts m ig h t be obta i n ed . Po ss i bly t h e p report io n of

seeds r etain ing t h e i r v i ta l ity , fou n d in eac h sec t ion , mig h t be s h ow nt o be d i r ec tly p ropo r t iona l t o t h e l engt h of t i m e w h ic h h ad pa ssedsinc e t h e sec t ion had been last c lea r ed . T h e t h i c k co ve r i n g of t h eg round by t h e unde r g row t h of w ood w ou l d ce r ta i n ly h ave affo r dedgood p r otec tion f ro m t h e acc es s of seeds of a mo r e r ec e n t date .I t w oul d appea r t h at w e ca n sca r c ely c la i m t h at t h i s anc i e n t

p roble m h as been defin i tely so l ved ; yet a co n s ide rat ion of r ec entr esea r c h e s leads t o t h e conc lus ion t h at w e h a ve a r r i ved at a p robabl eso lution of t h e r iddl e , a n d t h at some ca r eful ly de v i sed se r ie s of experim ents m ig h t ca r ry us to t h e des i r ed goal . In some of t h e cases , thea r eas upo n w h ic h t h e a l i en pla n ts appea r ed h ad ev idently bee n w e l lsuppl ied w i t h seeds f r o m t h e n ea r ne i g h bou r h ood , w i t h in m easu r abl epe r iod of t h e t i m e w h en t h e c r op of p lants sudden ly sp r ang up. WVeh a ve a l so m uc h ev ide n c e t h at t h e seeds of w i l d plan ts frequen t l vr eta i n t h e i r v i tal ity fo r a suffic i en t lengt h of t ime to e n abl e t h e m t o

tak e advan tage of a n y fa vou r ab l e oppo r tun i ty for ge rminat ion .

O bse r vat io n s suc h as t h ose suggested in connec t ion w i t h U l exand Tr opwo lnm majus s h ould add m uc h to our know l edge ; and

expe r imen ts as to t h e d i st r i butio n of seeds i n suflicien t qua n t i ti e s toexpla i n t h e i r abu n da n c e i n excavated so i l , i n r i v e r - d redgings , and ingeo logical s t r ata m ig h t l ead us to m o r e defin i te conc lus ion s .T h e fol low ing expe r i m e n ts a r e suggested a s l ikely t o g i ve f rui tful

r esul ts —A floc k of s h e ep 0 11 h e r d of cattl e , afte r pa stu r ing i n a fie ldope n to t h e f r ee seed ing of t r ees 0 1

1 h e r bac eous plants,m ig h t be

r e m oved to a n a r ea p ro ved to be qu1te f r ee f r o m t h e se pa r ti cul a rseeds . Afte r a l i m i ted pe r iod , t h e so i l f rom t h e la tte r a r ea could beca r eful ly w as h ed and s i fted and t h e nu m be r of seeds found t o bet r an spo r ted esti m ated . Open air expe r iments unde r nat u1al con

dit ions, suc h as t h e exposu r e of ad h es i v e pla tes t o catc h d r i ft ingseeds

,s h oul d affo r d us va luable info r m at ion a s to t h e d i sta n c e t o

w h i c h seed s a r e ca r r ied f 1om any gi ven sou r .ce Ot h er expe 1 imen t s tot rap the seeds ca r r i ed by flow ing st r ea m s or tides

, or by an i m alt r an spo r t (e . g. , by bi rd s o r the smal le r ma mmal s) , coul d be eas i lydev i sed and s h ould affo r d m uc h t h a t i s of inte1est r ega rd i n g t h esubj ec t of spo r ad ic floras .

I w i s h t o r eco r d m y indebtednes s to M r . A . G epp for suggestio n sa n d e n courage m ent i n t h e p r epa r ation of t h i s pape r and for supply i n gm e w i t h m a n y references to t h e l i te ra tu r e of the subj ec t .

116 T H E 1 0 111151

11 1. o r 1101

11

11 1111

ORCH IS FUCHS I I DRUCE .

B r CO LONEL M . J . G onr s nr,F .L . S .

IN t h e Repo r t B . E . C . 1914 (p . 99 ) D 11

. D ruc e soug h t to p ro vet h a t 0 . macu l a m L . cons i s ted so l e ly of 0 . e r ice ior nmL inton

, t o t h ee xc lus ion of t h e common Spotted O r c h i s , w h i c h h e re- named O rch isF uchs ii D ruce . As h e h as r ebuked m e (B . E . C . Rep . 1921 , 314 ) fo rno t adopting h i s new n ame , t h e fo l low ing i s an attempt to r eply toh i s c r iti c i sm. I t h av i n g been s h ow n (Jou rn . Bo t . 192 1 , 305 ) t h a t0 . er icetorumL inton i s ident ica l w i t h 0 . e lm/es G risebach , t h e la tte rname , w h i c h dates f rom 1846 , i s used t h r oug h out t h i s pape r fo re r ice torum. I t w ou l d be m e r e i n sula r i ty to attempt to m ai nta i ner ice tornm i n t h e face of a long .p r io r and ge n e ra l ly acc epted n ame .

L in n aeus ’ s desc r ipt io n of 0 . macula m runs (Sp. P l . 942 )

macul ata . 12 . ORCH IS bul bis palmat is patent ibus , nec tarn co r nu

germinibus breviore : lab io plano petal is dorsal ibus e r ect-i s . A c t .

Ups . 1740 , p . 14 . F l . snec . 729 . If. ee l . 48 . pa r i s .274 .

O . pal m ata p raten s i s m aculata . B ank . p in . 85 .

O . pa1mata m ontana m aculata . B ank . p in . 86 . Va il ] .

par is . t . f . 9 , 10 .

Saty r ium basil icam faemina. D ocl . p emp i . 240 .

H abitat in Eu ropa? p 71

a tis succul en iis .

Pe tala 3 er te r iom erecta ; 2 in ie r iom conn iren /in . N ec

ta r i i l obiuzn trififl um, p lannm: l obis l a l era l ibns 7111g°

0 71

7

°

bus cr e

n a t is in termedio angus l iss imo , in tege71

71 imo .

”

D 11

. D ruc e ’ s cas e res ts o n t h e la st t h r ee w o r ds— m id - lobe ext r e m elyn a r row ,

qu i te ent i r e . In e l odes , h e a r gues , t h e m id - lobe i s ve ryna r r ow ,

t h e r efo r e 0 . ma cu laz‘a L . i s e l odes in F uc lzs ii i t i s not ve ryna 1 r ow , th er

1

ef0 1 e F uchs ii i s exc luded . H e a l so s tates t h a t t h es pec ime n of O . maculata m t h e Linnean her 1ba1 1um

°

is e l odes .

E xt i cme n a r r ownes s of t h e m id lobe 18 not a con s tan t c h a rac te r 1ne l odes , a s M r . T . A . Step h en son ’

5 beaut iful draw i n gs c lea r ly s h ow

(Jou rn . Bot . 1920 ,t . 5 56 1921 , t . I s t h e r e one of t h e figu r es

of e lm/es in w h i c h t h e m id - lobe could be t rut h ful ly desc r ibed as na r rowin t h e supe r lat i v e d eg r ee ? In fig. 18 , pl . 5 5 0 , i t i s ac tua l ly b roade rt h an long ! The b 1eadth al so va r i es c

°

ons idera°

bl 1 in diffe r en t Spec im en s . Fou r d r aw ings of s i n gl e flow e r s found at Winc h este r i n 1917w e r e label led by D r. D ruce “All u n de r F uc lzs ii

, and°

m t h r ee of t h e set he m id lobe i s a ctua l ly na r row e r t h an in figs . 17 and 18 , t . 5 56 , and

fig . 3 t . 5 39 . T h e na r row ness of t h e m id lobe i s no t al 11 avs suffic i en tt o sepa rate e l odes f rom F uc lzs ii, for it

°

1s sometimes n a 11 1 0 11 e11 in t h elat te r t h an In e l ocl es . T h e w idt h of t h e m id lobe i s an un impo r tan tand va r ia ble c h ar acte r , of 110 va lue a s a g round of spec ific d i ff e re nt iat ion .

In h i s 19 14 pape r D r. D ruc e w r i tes Had t h e desmipt ions int h e cont inenta l ”o ias been con sul ted , i t coul d h a ve scarcel 1 e scapeda t ten t ion t h a t t h e desc 1 1ption of 0 . niacul a l a

°

111 t h e maj o r i ty of t h e m


308 T im 1 0 11

1111 11 1. or 110 11

111111

(4 ) I t i m pl i es t h at L innaeus a l toget h er omi tted to de sc r i be0 . F ae/13 1 i, for i f h i s 0 .

1maca l a ta does no t i nc lude i t h e c e r ta in lyne ve r m ent ioned i t a t al l . As i t g row s t h roug h out a lmo s t al l E u rope ,e xtend ing No r t h t o I ce la n d , suc h an emission i s inc r ed ib le , a n d h ad i tr ea l ly o ccu r r ed w oul d p ro m ptly h a ve been po in ted out by h i s c r iti c s .

( 5 ) T h e sy n o n yms quoted s h ow t h at L innae us inte n ded to inc lude0 . F ae/isii. 0 . p a l znata p ra tens is macula m Bau h in ,

pinax,85

,can

on ly be t h e latte r— w e ca n h a rd ly bel i e ve t h at Bau h in a l so o m i ttedt h e comm ones t of E u ropea n o r c h id s . Rudb . e lys . i i . p . 211

,fig. 3 ,

rep r ese n ts Bau h . p i n . 85 (v ide L in n aeus’ s Flo r a suec . i . and

ce r ta i n ly i s not e l ozl es for t h e l i p i s n a r row , w h i l st in e l odes i t i snea r ly o r b icula r . V a i l l . pa r is . t . 3 1, fig. 10 , i s good e l orles , but fig. 9

i s a co mmo n fo r m o f F a clzsii,w i t h e r ec t sepa ls

,angula r s ide lobes ,

and m ode rate ly b r oad mid lobe . In D od . pempt . 240 t h e lea ves a r eb road , t h e sepa l s e r ec t , t h e flow e r s m a l l

,t h e m id lobe h a lf as w ide as

t he s ide lobes . I t Is not e l od’es .

(6 ) L innaeus seems t o h a ve t h oug h t 0 . macul ata suc h a comm o nand w el l - know n o r c h i d as to ca l l for l i ttle attent io n , for h i s h e r ba r iumc ontai n s o n ly one spec imen

,and t h a t an impe r fec t o n e , w i t h out low e r

leaves 0 11 root . No date 0 11 loca l i ty i s gi ven

,

1 t h e spec ime n s i m plybea r s in L innaeus ’ s h andw r i ting 12 m acula ta .

” I n i ts c rowdeds pi ke i t i s i m poss i bl e to see t h e exa ct s h ape of t h e l ip , and t h e l owermo s t l ea ves (w h ic h d i ffe r in F uclzs ii a n d e l orles ) a r e absen t .P robably t h e r e w e r e o r i ginal ly ot h e r spec i m en s s inc e lost 0 11 dest royed .

In any case i t i s not soug h t to p ro ve t h at 0 . niacn lata L . do es no t

inc lude e l odes , and t h e ad m i ss ion t h at t h i s spec ime n i s e l orles w oul dnot affec t t h e a r gumen t .(7 I t in vo l v es (by subst i tut io n of anot h e r type ) a v i r tual t ran sfe r

o f t h e n a m e 0 . macu l ata f r o m one spec ies (F uc lzsii) to ano t h e r

(e l ocl es) . T h e a m bigui ty t h us c r eated 11as compel led D 11

. D ruceh ims el f to r eso r t to suc h p h r a ses a s O . macula m ve7

1

a to m ake hismean ing c lea r . As to h i s state m ent t h at t h e n ame e l ocles i s s t i l lbo r n , i t i s a duly - publ i s h ed na m e (suppo r ted by a n unusual ly c l ea rde sc r i pti on) w h ich h as been i n cu r r ent use fo r s eve n ty - s ev en yea r s .() ne r eg r ets ,

” h e says , to se e suc h an untenable na m e suggested,

w h ic h can on ly c r eate co n fus io n ,”and adds t h at h e h ad con s ide r ed

e lmles as a n equi va l en t for e71 ice f0 71u7n , but r ej ec ted i t . But su r ely

110 aut h o r w oul d e ve r d r ea m of gi v ing t h e na m e e l oa’es to e 71 ice l o71n7nun les s t h e plants h ad been p r o ved t o be identical , w h i c h a t t h at t imewas not t h e case . I leave o t h e r s to judge w h i c h i s m ost l i kely tolead to confus ion— t o ad h e r e to ex i sting un i v e r sa l ly r ecog n i sed names

,

o r t o ass ign to 0 . macula m L . in E ngland a mean ing d i ffe r entf rom t h at w h ic h obta ins e ve ryw h e r e e l se , and to gi ve a qu i te un

nec essarv new name to w h at i s un i ve r sa l ly r ega rded as typica lf .) ma czila/a L .

l h a ve bo tan i s ed in F ran c e at many po i nts f r o m Toulon to N ice,

inc l ud ing the 1110 11111'

11inous reg ion s o f Vc nc c , T h o r en c , a n d S t . Ma r tin\

'

é sub ie , at Mantes near Pa r i s , in Savo i e , and t h roug h out t h eC h amon i x V al l ey

,but , t h oug h I h a v e seen t h o usand s of F ae/1 .9 1 1 , .l

h a ve ne ve r see n a n yt h ing w h ic h could be taken fo r e l ocl es exc ept a few

ORCIIIS F UCIISII

pl an ts at Fala ise 1n No r m a n dy, w h i c h I so m ew h at doubtful ly a ss i gned

to t h at spec ie s . I h a ve al so h unted fo r o r c h ids in seve r a l p lac es inSw i tze r land and in I ta ly f r om V ent i m i gl i a to A las s io , n ea r G er oa ,

on t h e Portofino p romonto ry , bot h s ides of Lago Maggiore , a n d i n t h e

count1y betw ee n P i sa and Li vo rno,but h ave n e ve r seen a t r ac e o f

e l odes . I t appea r s to be a No r t h e rnpla n t V idetu r fo r m a septe nt rional is Rc h b . i con . x i i i . I often found F uchsii w i th t h em id - l obe smal le r t h a n t h e s ide - lobes . In 174 1 L innaeus w e n t t o t h ei s la n d of Oeland , a n d on June 2nd botan i sed in a ma r s h n ea r Rel l a .

In h i s j ou r n a l of t h i s voyage (I te r . Oel . p . 48 ) h e te l l s us h e foundt h r ee o r c h id s t h e r e - 0 rckis sambucina , 0 . lat if o l ia ,

a n d one“com

mon lyca l l ed”Or chis p a lma l a macu lata . I n h i s ‘F lo r a Svec iea ,

’ ed . 1

immed iate ly afte r h i s d iagnos i s of 0 . macu lata , h e quote sA c t . up s . 1740 , p . 1 4 ( h i s ea r l i e r desc r ipti o n of t h e spec i es , in w h ic ht h e l ip i s desc r ibed as barba tr il obo crena ta in ter iore minore in te

gcrr imo) , a n d It . cal . 48 , t h us defin i tely co n veyi n g to us t h at t h eB el la plan t was a type of h i s No . 729 .

On Jun e 19th , 1922 , M 11

. W. N . Edwards of t h e B r i ti s h Museum

(Nat . H i s t . ) v i s i ted t h e m a r sh at B el la, w h e r e L i n naeus botan i sed in1741 . H e d id n ot find 0 . sambucina— pe r h aps h e was too late fo rt h at ,— but h e found t h e ot h e r two o r c h ids , a n d b r oug h t h o m e a se r i esof O . macu l ata , w h ic h 11as been passed by D r . D ruc e h imsel f a s0 . F uchsii D ruce . As L innaeus tel l s us , by t h e c i tat ion of I t . oel .

48 , t h at t h e B el la plan t w as h i s 0 . macu la m , and t h i s now tu rn s outto be 0 . F uc lzsii

” a n d no t e l ocles , pe r h aps D r . D ruc e m ay now

w i s h to r e con s ide r h i s t h eo ry t h at 0 . macu l a m L . con s isted so l e ly of

0 . e l odes G riseb. ( 0 . erz’

ce torzun L int . ) in t h e l i g h t of t h i s fu1t here v ide n c e .

T h e m o s t r ea sonabl e vi ew appea r s to be t h at O . maculaz‘a L . w as

an agg r egate spec i e s , emb r ac i n g a l l fo r m s and va r iet ie s . F ro m t h i sg l ories was sepa r ated as a d i s t i n c t s pec i es i n 1845 , and h a s been ma intained a s a r ace , subspec i e s , or va r i ety e ve r s ince . W h a t i s l eft afte rt h e sepa rat ion of e l odes is the va r iable plant w h ic h D r. D 1

1

uc e re

named 0 . Fuchszi D ruc e . T h i s i s un i ve r sa l ly 11 1

ega1ded as t h e typeof 0 . macul a ta. L . T h e ci tatio n of t h e Re l l a

D

plan t by Linnze us

m akes i t suffic ie n tly c l ea r t h at he h e ld a s imi la r v i ew . T h e co n t in euta l va r i eti e s sude t ica ,

M eyerz'

,etc . , a r e fo r m s of 0 . macula m and

not of e l odes.

T h e idea t h at Fwd /8 55 a n d ericc tor zun m ig h t st i l l be r etained a s

co n ven i en t te rms of r e fe r ence i s m uc h to be dep r ecated . \V h en We

find t h at w e h a ve unneces sa r i ly gi ve n a new name to a plant w h i c h i se ve ryw h e r e known by t h e name gi ven to i t by L i n n aeus i n 1753 , t h el eas t w e ca n do i s to re f ra i n f ro m pe r petuati n g i t .

310 1

11

111: 1 0 111111

1 1. o r nor e

A KE Y TO THE BRITISH SPHAGNA.

B xW. R . SHERR IN , A .L .S .

THE fo l l ow ing key to t h e s pec i e s of Sp hagnum i s co m ple m enta ryto VVheldon

’

s Synop s is of the E ur opean Sphagna i n w h ic ht h e va r i eti e s and fo rms a r e ful ly dea lt w i t h . Fo r a co m pl ete desc ript ion of t h e spec ie s t h e s tuden t i s r efe r r ed toWarnstorf

’

s Sphagno l oo

f/ia

Un irersah'

s T h e beginn e r w i l l find Di xon ’ s H andbook ofB r it ish M asses of g r eat h e l p i n tak i n g up t h e fa m i ly ; t h e l i m i tedn umbe r of spec ies desc r ibed by h im co r r espo n d m o r e 0 1

1 l es s accuratel y w i t h t h e lead ing 0 1

1 t i tula r spec i e s of t he g roups i n t h e fo l lowing l i s t

G ENERAL KE Y 11

0 THE GR OUP S .

A . B r anc h l ea ves at t h e ape x t ru n cate a n dtoot h ed .

I . C h lo rop h y l lose ce l l s exposed o n t h e uppe r

( in n e r ) o r l ow e r (oute r ) su r faces o r 0 11bot h .

a . C h lo r . ce l l s of br . l s . i n s ec t io n t r ia ngula r 0 11 t rapezo id .

C h lo r . c el l s w i t h t h e base of t h et r iangle on t h e uppe r G roup ACUT I FOLIA .

C h lo r . c el l s w it-h t h e base of the

t r iangle on t h e l ow e r su r face .

Ste m co r tex r zeddish br. l s . squarr ose , sp r ead ing G roup 8 11171 11110 5 1 .

Ste m co r tex pale v e l lon 1511 b1 .

l s . m ostly undulate G r oup CUSPIDATA .

b. C h l o r . c el l s of br . l s . ba r r el - s h aped tor ec ta n gula r , exposed on bot h sur

fac es G roup SUBSE C L’

ND L’

M .

I I . C h l o r . ce ll s co m pletely en c losed G roup RIG I DA .

B . B11 . l s . at apex eucul late ( h ooded ) G r oup CYM BIF ULIA .

G roup ACUTI FOL IA .

A . Most of t h e co r t i c al c el l s of t h e ste m w i t hla r ge non - bo r de r ed po r es .I . Ste m l s . spatulate , fimbriate on the

rounded ape x and o n t h e l ate ra l m a r gin sabove S . fimbr ia tumWi l s .

11 . S t . l s . l i ngula te , fimbriate at t h e apex on ly .

a . Wood cyl inde r of t h e st . neve r red ;st . c ortex w i t h la r ge po r es S . G

’irgcnsolcn ii Rus s .

11 . “food cyl inde r red ; st . co r te x w i t hsmal le r S . Rnssowii VVarnst .

B . Co r t ical cel l s of t h e s t . r a r e ly w i t h s m al lscatte r ed pores .

1 . S t . l s . w i th n a r r ow ba se ; br . l s . S . 7110 116 8 1111.


3 12 1 1111 JOURNAL or 1101

11

11 1111

B r . l s . up to (5 m m . long , (3—9row s of ce l l s 1n t h e boi1 .der S . T0 11 110ya1211111 8ul l .

Br. l s . up to 2 m m . long,

411—5

row s o f c el l s in t h e bo r de r . S .pu l ck11

u1nWarnst .

b. C h lo r . ce l l s of t h e br . l s . r eac h i ng t h euppe r su r fac e o f t h e l eaf .St . l s . obtuse S . a11167yp byl lumRuss .St . l s . acu m i n ate .St . co r tex i n 1— 2 w el l -defined

lay e r s ; sp r ead ing b ran c h es3 c m . l ong . S . 1

1 ipa11

zozdesWa1 nst .

St . co r tex 1n 2—4 ind i stinctlayerso r appa r ently abse n t ” S . 1

1

(1 0 1111

1111111 P . de Beauv .

B . B r anc h l ea ves w idely o vate S . 1no l luscu1n B ruc h .

G r oup SUB S E CUNDUM .

A . S t . co r tex d i s t inc tly 2 0 11 m o r e laye r ed .

S t . l s . s m al l , O'

7—1 mm. long x 01

5—O1 S

w ide ; t r iangula r - l ingulate , fibril lose

o n ly n ea r t h e apex S . contor tumSc h ul tz .

St . 1s . la r ge r , 1 2 — 1 111m.

w ide ; l i n gul ate , ge n e ra l ly fibril lose tobase S . platyp71yl l umWarnst .

B . St . co r tex d i stinctly1 layeied except i nS . f 1

1

a1w o 1ziw ,w h i c h 18 1—2 l aye r ed

1 . B r . l s . o n bot h s ides w ith few scatte r edpo r e s o r m i xed w i t h pseudopores .

a . St . c o r tex d i sti n c tly l - laye r ed .

B 11 . Ls . w i t h pseud0pores m i xed w i t ht rue po r es .Uppe r surface of st . 1. w i t h few

po r es S . camusiiWa r n st .Uppe r su r fac e of st . 1. w i t h m a n y

po r e s S . a11

1n0 11 icu1nWa1

1

nst .’H ‘ Br. l s . w i t h out pseudopores .

S t . l s . o vate or obl o n g - o vate , 1 1 72 1 7 m m . lo n g , mul tifibrose S . obesumWar n s t .

S t . l s . t r ia n gula r - l i n gulate ,1 1 14 m m . l ong, efibrose , 0 1

1

fibrose i n upper part on ly S . H o l tzi Wa r n s t .I) . S t . co r tex 1—2 - laye r ed S . f 1

1

a1w o1zz'

ce Wa r n st .II. B r . l s . w i t h n um e rous t rue po r e s a r r a n ged

i n row s on o n e 0 11 o n bot h su r faces .a . B11 . l s . w i t h n um e rous true po r es on o n e

surfac e o n ly .

B 11

. l s . multiporose on t h e low e rsurface .

11 S t . 18 . m inute

, 015—1 m m . long .

B 11 . l s . w i t h pseudopores on uppe rS . [ M 0 0 1150 11111War n st .

B r . l s . w i t h out pseudOpores S . subseczuu/umNees .

A KE Y TO THE 1311111

1 5 151 SPHAGNA. 313

H1 St . l s . larger, 1—2 m m . l o n g.

a'

. Cort ica l c el l s i n s ect io n el l ipt i cal a n d st r o n gly inc ras sate . S . ker cynz

'

cumWar n st .b'

. Co r t ica l c e l l s subc i r cul ar w i t ht h i n w al l s .. .St IS . w i t h la r ge aur i c l es . S . aurzculatumSchimp.

I) . St . l s . w i t h out 0 11 w i t h m i n uteauri c l e s .

St . 1s . 1—1 13 l o n g, fibril lose

abo ve t h e m idd le S . z'

mmrlatnmRuss .St . l s . 1 141- 2 m m . long

,fibril

l ose be low t h e m iddl e S . aquatil eWa r n st .”H‘ B r . l s . mul t iporose o n t h e uppe r

surfac e S . masszc laclumWa1 n st6. B r . l s . w i t h n um erous tiue po r es 0 11

bot h su r .facesBr . Is . o n oute r surfac e w i t h po r esa r r a n ged i n a cont i n uousse r i es S . 1

1

uf esce1zs N ees & Hornsch .

B r . Is . on oute r surface w i t h po r e sa r ra n ged i n a n inte rrupted

S . turgz'

dulumWa r n st .

I n order to exa m in e t h e po r e - s t ruc tu r e of t h e ste m cortex and

of t h e b r a n c h l eav es i t i s n ec essa ry to use a sta i n ; m et h y l - blue gi ve st h e best r e sul t for t h i s pu r pose . I n a sce r ta in i n g w h et h e r t h e po r e sa r e on t h e uppe r 0 11 l ow e r su1 face of t h e l eaf, a h ig h pow e r m us t beused

,ca r e in focuss ing i s necessa1y, as t h e po1 es o n the oppos i te

su1 face m ay s h ow t h r oug h .

G r oup CxM BIFomA .

A . C h lo r . ce l l s o f the br. l s . free o n t h e uppero r on bot h su r faces .

1 . C h lor. c e l ls equ i late ra l to s h o r tly i sosce l est r ia n gula r

,n o t reac h i n g t h e low e r sur

fac e S . z'

mbr icatumRuss .I I . C h lo r . c e l l s s p ind le s h aped , i so scel es - t r i

a n gular to trapezo id , reac h ing bot hsu r faces .

(1. C h lo r . cel l s m uc h t h ic ke n ed o n uppe rw al l .C h l o r . ce l l s na r r ow up to 10 11 w ide . S . subbico l or Ham pe .

C h lor. c el l s w ide r up to 18 w ide . S . p ap il l oswmLindb.

l) . C h lo r . c e l l s n ot t h i c ken ed o n t h e upperwal l .C h lor. cel l s papi l lo se S .

C h lor. cel l s not papi l l o se S . cy111b{fb1¢°

11111 E hrh .

B . C h l o r . cel l s compl etely enc lo sed by t h eh ya l i n e c el l s 0 11 bot h su r fa ces of the S . mediumLimpr .

J OURNAL or — V o 1. . 151 . [Dr crmnnm 2 x

311 THE JOURNAL or 110 1 1 31

11

SHORT NOTE S .

ARU M 11

1 1 1 1 0 11111 IN S US SEX . W h en s tay i n g a t Wo r t h ing in t h eSp1 ing o f 1921 , I atte m pted to d isco ve r t h i s p lan t in t h e loca l i t i es tot h e n 111 th o f t h at town nea r B roadw ate r and O tfington , m en tioned inA r no l d s Sussex 1710 1 11, but succeeded on ly in find ing t h e yel lowspadixed va r ie ty of A . 11111c 11la t 11111 ( va r . 1 19 11 6 11 1 Corb”) T h e r e i s ,howeve1 , a specimen in M r . T . A . Dymes

’

s h e r ba r iu m f1 om B roadw ate r , co l lec ted in 188 1 by M r s . B . M . Oakeshot t , w h ic h I s p robablythe t rue plant ; t h e exa m pl e i s faste n ed down to the s h eet and not

eas i ly examin ed . In e xplo r ing t h e coun t ry w e st of Wo r t h ing in t h esa m e quest , I came ac ro ss a fine c lump of l ea ves n ea r Go r ing w h i c hsee m ed undoubtedly t h o se of A . 13111210 11 111 ; unfo r tunate ly I w as to o

ca l ly for t h e flow e r s . T h i s yea r ( 1923 ) m y f r i end M r. H . S . Sal thas sen t m e fine flow e r s fi o m t h e sa m e spot gathei ed i n May . A .

i fa l zcmn flow e l s con s ide r ab ly la te r t h an A . M rs . Oak es h ott’ s B roadwate r exa m ple i s label led July .

” M 11

. Sal t h a s a l sodi sco ve r ed a f r es h s tat ion fo r t h e plan t n ea r A ru n del , f ro m w h i c hn e ig h bou r h ood i ts occu r r enc e w as r epo r ted in t h i s Jou rna l for 1920 ,

p . 271 — 0 . E . SAL M ON .

CALL ITR ICH E TRUNCATA Guss . T h i s spec i es,so mm i n B r itain

w as added to t h e flo r a of S . Some r s et,v .c . 5 , i n 1907 (Jou1 n . B e t

1908 , w h en Mai sha l l got i t in good quant ity , but w i t h out f rui ta t C h a r d Rese r vo i r . I t w as subsequen tly found fine and ple n t ifulin the B r idgw ate r and Taunton Canal . On Augus t 9th t h i s yea r I

got it in v . c . 6 , N . So1ne 1 sc t , v iz . in an o ld peat -di gging 0 11 asmal l enclosu r e o f peat n ear G lastonbuiyand St r eet . T h ank s c h i eflyt o M 1 . A . G . Tan s l ey ’ s gene1osityand encoui agement , t h is field , nowcal led t h e “ S h a r p h a m M oo r P lo t,

”is be i n g boug h t o n behal f o f

some 33 subsc r i be r s i n o r de r t o keep i t for expe r i m en ta l pu r poses a n dt o save t h e 11a1e 0 1111 8 51: eco lumfi om dcst 1 notion I t 11 i l l be m anagedbv a B r i sto l and Somci set Commi ttee

,a n d p r obably v ested in the

So c i ety for the P ro m o t ion of Na1tu1e Rese r ves ; donation s towai ds

i ts upk eep w i l l be g rateful ly 1 eeeiv ed and acknow l edged by t h ew r i te r . W h en M r .

'l‘ansleyand I v i s i ted the plot on June 24 w e

l i s ted about a h und r ed vascula1 plants 0 11 t h e va1 ied su r .fac e My

pea-t moo ) spec imen s of the On l lzh l clze h a ve 110 f1u i t , but M r . J . W .

“ bite co nfirms t h e dete iminat ion . C’. w h i c h i s no t

1 eco ided f i o m So m e r se t, l s appai ent ly the nea r es t al ly .— H . STUART

'

1‘110 111r s0 N .

RE VIEWS .

P 1 ach m] P l nm‘ E co l ogy ; a G uzde fm' 130 7 1 11 110 1

1

3 1 11 t l S h ah,of P l an t 0 0 1111111111zitw s . By 11 . l t .S . ,

Pp. 228 . P r i c e 7 3 . (id. net . Lo n don : G eoigc Unw i n and

U nw in Ltd .

'

l ”E study of ecology as a spec ia l b ra n c h of bo tany m ay sti l l besa id to be 111 i ts infan cy— so m uc h so t h at t h e l egi ti m ate a ims of thesubj ec t a s suc h a r e even now m uc h m i su n de r s tood . I t i s d iffi cu l t t ode l i n e ec o l 1‘

1gy w i t h out s e eming to enc roac h beyond the set l imi ts o fo t h e r b ranc h e s o f bo tany ,

but in t h i s it d i ffers on ly in deg r ee f r o m


3 16 THE JOURNAL o r BOTANY

co n s ide r ably— a r e th ey n ot sa id to c l i m b t r ees in Aust r a l ia in th e i reffo r ts to i n flue n ce p la n t - l i fe — a n d afte r Da r w i n ’ s c lass ica l i n sta n ceof cats a n d the fe r t i l i sat i o n of c lo ve r

,i t i s n o t su r p r i s i n g that r abb i ts

w he r e p r e se n t sh ould add to th e co m p l ex i ty of th e p r obl e m s encoun

to r ed . The autho r po i n ts o ut the p rac t i ca l d ifficul t ie s of defi n i n gb iot i c facto r s ; but w h e r e fl ow e r i n g pla n ts a r e u n de r c o n s ide ra tio n

,

the pa r ts played by bacte r i a a n d m oulds i n b r i n g i n g about decay a n di n othe r w ays a ffec t i n g t he so i l m igh t w e l l h ave r ece i ved m o r e tha npass i n g m e n tio n . E ve n w he n K r akatau w as fi r s t v i s ited

,i t was n ot

co n s ide r ed nece ssa ry to take n ot ice of a n y sap r ophyt ic o r ga n i s m sw h ic h m igh t be p r ese n t ; a n d in the p r ese n t w o r k o n ly the ob vious“ te r r e s t r ia l a lgae , l ich e n s a n d m osse s ” a r e m e n t io n ed as the fi r s tco l o n i s ts of d ry a r eas . A l so in s uc h i n te n s ive s tudy as i s th e m a i nthes i s of the book , the p r e se n ce of m yco r r h iza should at leas t ha vebee n h i n ted at .The last po r t io n of th e book is a n a tte m pt to i n d i cate th e type -

of

w o r k w h ic h m ight p r ofitably be acco m pl i sh ed in school s . I t r ead satt r act i ve ly, a n d s hould p r o ve va luable to those fo r w ho m it has bee nw r itte n . The re m a r k s o n “ Th e w r o n g way to teach (p . 176 ) a r eto the po i n t w i th r ega rd to the abs u rd idea, s t i l l too p r e val e n t , that ac ha rac te r m ust be useful o r m us t be a n adapta t io n — a n th r opoc e n t r ic bota n y has had its day . The appe n d i xes

,w h i c h a r e m o r e

adva n ced in m atte r , a good l i s t of r e fe r e n ces , a n d a ful l i n de x , add tothe u seful n ess of th is w e l l - p r i n ted co n ve n ie n t - s ized book , w h ic h take ni n co n ju n c t io n w i th the Types of B rit ish Vegeta t ion w i l l l ead to am o r e sc ie n t ific k n ow ledge of p la n ts a s l i v i n g o r ga n i s m s i n th e irnatu r a l ho m e s .

D warf and S l ow-

growing Con ifers . By MURRAY HORNIBROOK .

Pp . x— 195 , c r ow n 8 vo . (Cou n t ry L i fe L ib ra ry , P r ic e10 3 . 6d . n e t .

THE c u l t i vat i o n of p ig m y co n i fe r s , a ho r t icul tu r a l a r t w e ha vech iefl y l ea r n ed f r o m th e Japa n ese ga rde n e r , i s g r ow i n g i n popu la r i ty ,110 doubt la r gely ow i n g to th e p rese n t c raze for r oc k -ga rde n i n g i nth is co u n t ry . D warf co n ife r s a r e n eeded to co m ple te eve ry w el lpl a n n ed r ock -ga r de n , a n d i t i s th e refo r e to th e r ock - ga rde n e r r atherth a n to th e bota n i st tha t th i s l ittle book w i l l appeal . The r e i s

,how

e ve r,m uch i n i t that w i l l i n te r e s t the stude n t of pla n t - va r iat io n

,fo r

co n i fe r s,l ik e m a n y oth e r pla n ts , va ry e n o r m ou sly i n the seed - bed .

Th e au tho r m akes i t c l ea r at the ou tse t tha t th e r e a r e t wo k i n d so f p ig m y co n i fe r s ; v i z .

, th e a r tific ia l ly dwa r fed t r ees o n e m eets w i th i nth e fiorists

’ sh ops , a n d th e n atu r a l dwa r f spo r ts o r seed l i n gs , m os t ofw h ich ha ve a r i se n i n cul t i va tio n ; the book befo r e us i s co n ce r n edo n ly w i th the latte r c la ss . A n i n t rod uc to ry chapte r ske tches th eh i s to ry of dwa r f co n i fe r s i n th i s cou n t r y , a n d i s fol low ed by n otes onth e i r p r opagat io n a n d c u l tu r e th e n fo l l ow desc r i pt io n s of 460 va r i et ie s a n d fo r m s , w i th n otes 0 11 the i r h i sto ry a n d sy n o n y m s . O n l yabout a doze n dw a r f co n i fe r s w e re k n ow n to London in 1838 , a n d i tis q u i te e v ide n t th at a g r eat n u m be r of the n a m es now fou n d innurserymen

’

s catalogues rep re sent on ly a co m pa rat i ve ly s m a l l n u m be r

DWARF AND SLOW - GROWI NG coxrr xns 317

o f d i s t i n c t o r d i s t i ngu i shab l e fo r m s . No le ss tha n 50 pages of thebook a r e taken up w i th the ge n us P icea , the r e be i n g o ve r 60 dw a r ffo r m s of the co m m o n Sp ruce a lo n e . I n th i s co n n ect io n i t i s signifi

ca n t to n ote that the fo r es t- ga rde n a t Adl isberg, Sw i tze r la n d , in19 13 co n ta i n ed a g r oup of Sp ruce t r ees 13 yea r s o ld , al l of w h ic h hada r ise n from the seed of o n e t r ee of P icea ex ce l sa abo u t 53 pe r ce n t .

of these w e r e dwa r f cush io n - l ik e p la n ts va ry i n g f r o m a few i n che s toa few feet , the othe r s be i n g m o r e o r l es s n o r m a l i n h ab i t .

M r . Hornibrook has spe n t a good dea l of t i m e t ry i n g to disenta n gl e the n o m e n c latu r e , w h ic h i s in g r ea t co n fus io n la r ge ly ow i n gto the fac t t hat the r e a r e i n so m e cases a t lea st hal f a do ze n n a m esfo r th e sa m e va r ie ty . Aga i n , ow i n g to the i n c r eased de m a n d fo rp la n ts , m a n y fo r m s a r e m asque r ad i n g u n de r w r o n g n a m es

,the t rue

p la n ts ha v i n g i n m a n y i n sta n ces bee n l os t to cu l t i vat i o n . Judgi n gf r o m ou r own expe r ie n ce of co n i fe r s , w h ic h i s co n s ide r ab le

,i t i s

i m poss ib le to m ake out m a n y of these dwa r f ga rde n fo r m s f r o mdesc r ipt io n s

,ofte n i n adequate , of the shoots , bud s a n d fo l iage i n deed

,

the m ajo r i ty ca n o n ly be d i st i n gu ished by hab it ; he n ce i t i s i nth i s d i r ect io n that the exce l le n t photog raph s w h ich i l l u strate th eboo k w i l l p r o ve of va l ue . The i n d i sc r i m i n ate use of cap it al s fo rspec ifi c n a m es so m ew hat offe n ds the eye , b u t th i s i s a m i n o r defec ti n th is w e l l - w r itte n a n d valuabl e co n t r ibut io n to ho r t ic u l tu r a l l i te r atu r e . A . B . J .

BOOK -NOTE S , NEWS , ET C .

IN i ssui n g the seco n d pa r t of h i s D anmarks M osser (Kobe n ha v nGyldendal ske Boghandel , 1923 pp . x ix , 569 29 pl s . figs . ) He r r C .

Je n se n co m pletes h i s t r eat is e o n the B ryophyta of De n m a r k a n d th eFae r oe s . I n the fi r s t pa r t ( 1915 ) h e desc r ibed the Hepat icw a n d Sphagnaceae ; i n th e seco n d h e t r eats o f the A n d r eaea le s a n d B ryal es . I na tte m pti n g a n atu r a l c l ass ificat io n th e au tho r ha s depa r ted so m ew hatf r o m th e syste m s to w h ich w e a r e a cc usto m ed i n th i s co u n t r y : fori n sta n c e , he has placed the Pl eu r oca r p i befo r e theAc r oca r p i . I n d i v id i n gup th e Bryineaa he has placed the th i r t y - s i x fa m i l ie s i n s i x sect io n s_ _Hypnoideae , G rimmio ideae , D ieranoideze , Tortulo ideze , Funari

‘

o idere ,

B ryoideze— esse n t ial l y i n accorda n c e w i th the i r ga m etophy te cha

r acte r s,the haplol epideous fa m i l ie s occu p y i n g a m ed ia n pos i tio n th e

heterolepideous ge n u s E uca lypm i s tacked o n to the Tortul o idcze .

In n o m e n c latu r e , h e te l l s us , he ha s fo l low ed the p r i n c ipl e of p r io r i ty ,but i n doubtful cases has chose n a m o r e r ece n t n a m e . The fo l low i n gu n fa m i l ia r n a m es w i l l be fou n d— S iroemia Hage n . P araieucobryumLoeske fo r sect i o n s of G r i l l e/140 71 11111 a n d D icranum r espect i ve l y ;To r te l l a. Limpr . i s u sed ge n e r ical l y i n place of 11l o l l ia A l ohm K indb .

fo r a g r ou p deta ched f ro m Tor t i l l a A zt l acomih 'izun M i tt . i n place o fG ];yp lzonzit r ium. The tex t i s e n t i r e l y in D a n i sh

,a n d th e r efo r e d i th

c ul t fo r th e E n gl i s h s tude n t . The desc r i pt io n s o f the spec ies,

ge n e ra,etc . , appea r to be qu ite adequate , a n d a r e i l l u st ra ted w i t h‘

ple n ty of figu re s the ide n t i fi cat io n of s pec i m e n s i s m uc h fa c i l i ta te dby the a m ple p r o v i s io n of key s . Se ve ra l n o r th e r n spe c ies a n d ge n e r aa n d o n e fa m ily w h ich have n o t ye t bee n obse r ved i n D e n m a r k a r ein c luded i n t he w o r k , in a d i st i n ct ive s m a l l er type — A . G .

3 18 r ue .ro unm r. o r norxx r

Pao r . W . A . S E ’

I‘CIIE LL has m ade t wo add i ti o n s to h is a l go

log ica l output— P a ras it ic F l or idece , If . a n d A Re vis ion of the

U'

es t 1Vo 1 t/1 A 111e 1 ico 1z Spe cies of Ca l l op liJ l l is ( Un ive i sity of'(Ll l fO I /l l l l P ubl ica t ions 211 B otanJ ,

x . Nos . 6 7 , pp . 393 10 1 ,The fo 1 1 n e 1 co n ta i n s prel imina1y d iag n oses o f se ve n new

s pec ies a n d th ree new ge n e r a— F anc lzeoco la r , R li orlJmen ioco laa'

,a n d

l ’ l ocamioco l ax : th e seco n d co m p r i ses p re l i m i n a r y de sc r i ptio n s offou r tee n new spec ies of Ca l l op liyl l is f r o m the Pac ific Coa st a n d a keyfo r the i r r ead ie r d i sc r imi n a t io n .

—A . G .

T wo po sth u m ou s pape i s , l Vo tes on a Co l lect ion of N ew Zea l and

[ Te/w h oa? a n d Bl ow N ew Zea land H epat icae ( Unw msz/y of Ca l e

f’

o rn io P ubl ica t i ons in B o tany, x . Nos . 41 5 ,pp . 30 7— 392 , pls . 83

10 9, by the late M r . W. H . Pea r so n of Ma n cheste r,ha ve

r ece n tly bee n i s s ued , and p r obably r e p r ese n t the la st r esea r ch tha th e was able to ca r ry to co m ple tio n . The y g i ve a n accou n t o f th eco l lec t io n s m ade by P r of . W . A . Setchel l in the No r the r n I s la n dof New Zeala n d i n 190 1. Out of so m e 5 5 spec ies s t ud i ed

,fi ftee n

a n d a va r iety p r o ve to be new to sc ie n ce ; and se ve ra l othe r spec ie sa r e 1

"

ede30 1 ibed a n d fig'

cui d .

-A . G .

AT the m eet i n g of th e L i n n ea n Soc iet y o n Nov . 1,a pape r was

1 ead b y M r . S y d n ey G a r s ide o n the fo r m s of H ypna‘is s te l l a l a L . f .

( Tan t lie s te l l a ta ) V il l iams ; see Jou i n . Bot . 190 1 , Fou r vai iet ie s w e r e d i s t i n gu i shed

,o n e of the m a s yet undesmibed ; these ha ve

co n s ta n t vegetat ive chai'ac ters , but the fio 11 e1 s show a co n s ide 1 1ble l a n geof colou r va1 iat ion of a “ co n t i n uo us k i n d . I m po r ta n t c y tolog ica lcha1ac te1 s of t he uppe r epide1 1nis of th e pe1 ianth lobes w e i e desc 1 ibed ,w it h pa r t i c u la r r efe r e n c e to the r e m a r kable i1 idescen t a r eas 11 h iclio cc u r i n so m e va r i e ties . The cl iai actei s of the fou r va r iet ie s w e1 e

b i ie fly o utl i n ed , a n d th e v iew was expi essed that th ese a1e n ot d i s t i n c ts pec ies

,as so m e of the ea r l i e r bota n i sts s upposed . Suppo r t fo r th i s

v iew i s based upo n the st r uctu r e of t he o va ry ; b r eed i n g expe r i m e n tsh ave n ot yet bee n m ade . Hab itat m ay co n s ide r ably i n fl ue n ce thes i ze of the pla n t

,but the va r ietal cha r ac te r s r e m a i n co n s ta n t .

At . the sa m e m eet i n g M r . ) V . N . Edwa rds r ead a pape r O n th eCut ic ula r St r uc tu r e of the De vo n ia n pla n t P s il op lzyton .

” Spec i m e n sof P s il ojfl tz/ ton pr in ceps Daw so n , f ro m G aspe (New B r u n sw ic k ) inw h ich th e c u t ic le i s p r e se r ved , show that a s i n th e ea r ly la n d pla n tsof the l thyn ie Ch e r t t he ste m is p r o v ided w i th sto m a ta . Theser ese m bl e in s i ze a n d d i s t r ibut io n th e s to m ata of As terozrg/ l on but

ha ve c ut ic u la r th ic ke n i n gs w h ic h ha ve n o t so fa r bee n obse r ved i ne i th e r A s te roa

‘

yl on o r Rita/lain . No sto m ata w e r e see n 0 11 the h igh lyc utic u la r i zed spi n es , b ut these s p i n es do n ot r ese m bl e i n tu m esce n ce so f Rhyn ia ,

a n d P s il ophyton i s p r obab ly n ea r e r to As teroxyl on .

A S i n t i m ated 0 11 p . 270 , th e l iepmt of the B r i t i sh B i 1 ologicalSoc iet y co n t a i n ed a n ot ice of th e late ) VIILI 1M ING HAM , to w h ic h11 e a1e i n debted fo 1 so m e of th e fo l l ow i n g pa1 t iculai s —He was bo r ni t Nl ancheste 1 i n 185 1 a n d d ied a t Y '

,o 1k w he 1 e m os t of h i s l i fe had

bee n spe n t,o n May 25 of th i s 1

' °

ea1 . He w as a B HA of Lo n do nU n ive 1 s itv ; he 11 a s O 1ganising Inspecto r of Ch u r ch Sch ool s i n thed ioc ese of Yo 1k, a n d la te r 0 11 the s taff of t hc Y0 1k Educa t io n Office .


320 11 111: 1 0 1111a or 130 1 e

IN The F lower -L over’

s G uide to the G ardens of H amp ton Cour tP a l ace (B el l , M r . E r n es t Law , the h i sto r ia n of th e Pa lace , gi ve sa n o utl i n e of th e i r o r igi n a n d h i s to ry , a desc r i pt io n of the lay -out , a

ful l acco u n t of th e bedd i n g , a n d a l i st of al l th e p la n ts in th e m .

”

The l i st i s asto n is h i n g ly fu l l , the co n te n ts o f each bed a n d the n a m e sof eac h va r iety of r o se , azal ea , a n d the l ike be i n g g i ve n ; u n les s ,w h ic h appears u n l i kely , the per m a n e n c e o f each ar r a n ge m ent i s m a i ntained fo r succe ss i ve yea r s , th e p r act ica l ut il i ty of th i s see m sdoubtful . The l i ttl e book i s attract ive ly i l lustrated w i th v iew s a n duseful p la n s .

IN Torreya ( Sept . Oct . ) H . W. P r etz g i ves deta i l s o f the sp r eadi n the Ph i ladel ph ia reg io n of S on chus u l igin osus , w h ich fi r s t m adei ts appea ra n c e the r e i n 1917 a n d i s beco m i n g a se r ious h i n dra n ce toag r ic u l tu r e : A . A . Ha n se n w r i te s o n th e i n vas io n of fie ld 0 1

°

0 ps by aw ood la n d p l a n t

,P hace l ia P 111

°

shii, w h ic h i n I n d iana is de ve l op i n ginto a se r ious pe st in s m a l l g r ai n s a n d c l ove r .

IN the Anna l s of B otany(xxxvii . n o . 148 O c tobe r ) D r . Ruggle sG ates co n t i n ues h i s r e sea r che s i n E n othera ; H . S . Holde n a n dDo r othy B e n so n w r i te 0 11 The Seed l i n g St ructu r e of A ce1

° P seudo

p la tanus Lady I sabe l B r ow n e d i sc u sses “ A n o m a lous T r ace s i nth e Co n e of E gaise tnm 111aa

' i11111111 F . E . F r i tsc h a'

n d F . M . Hai n esco n t i n ue the i r i n vest igat io n s o n “ The Mo istu r e - r e la tio n s o f Te r r est r ia l A lgw .

”

AT the m eet i n g of the B rit i sh Mycolog ica l Soc iety at U n i ve r s i tyCollege o n No v . 17 , M r . A . A . Pea r so n gave a n accou n t of th efu n gu s fo r ay of the F r e n ch Mycolog ica l Soc iety at Pa r i s ; M r . W. J .

Dow so n desc r ibed a new d i sease of Sw eet Pea caused by a Ramn lar ial ik e m ould fo r m i n g w h ite blotche s on th e l eaves ; M r . J . Jack so nCla r ke d i sc ussed ch r o m idia , deal i n g p r i n c i pa l ly w ith Syn chytr iumand d r aw i n g co m pa r iso n s w i th obse r vat io n s h e had m ade i n M o l luscumcon tagiam, ca n ce r a n d othe r obscu r e d i seases ; M r . Paul so n r eco rdedh i s field obse r vat io n s on the Myco r r h iza of t r ees , part i cula r ly of th eB i r c h ; P r ofesso r E . C . Stakman gave a ta l k o n the w o r k be i n g do n ei n the U n i ted States o n th e B lack Rust of w heat , w h ic h ca usest r e m e n dous h a voc ; D r . A . S . Ho r n e desc r ibed a new spec ie s ofE idamia a n d co n t r asted it s phys io log ica l characte r s w i th thoseof E . acremon ioiclos ; a n d M i s s R . B r ac he r ga ve an accou n t of he rw o r k o n th e m o r pho logy of Rhytis1na.

— J . R .

CORRECT ION S . Th e autho r ’ s p r oof of M r . Lacaita’

s pape r 0 11

Onosmas (pp . 280—83 ) u n fo r tu n ately d id n ot r each u s u n t i l th en umbe r had go n e to p ress : the fo l low i n g co r r ec t io n s a r e the r efo r en ecessa ry : p . 280

,l . 17 f r o m top

,fo r t i gou r ead “ l i es o n l . 1 1

f r o m botto m,afte r m ih i add “ i n te r ” ; p . 28 1 , l . 9 f r o m top , fo r

r ecu r ved r ead “ less cu r ved l . 19, for°

“No . 2 read ambigensp . 282 , l . 11 f r o m top

,fo r “ the r e ca n be n o doubt r ead “ i t i s

p robable l . 2 f r o m top , for B r . ” r ead f r o m botto m , fo rr e v ises r ead “

re v i ves ”: p . 283 , l . 3 f r o m top , for the r e ” r ead

th ree .

”

DR. H. O. FORBES’

S NEWGUINEAPLANTS .

INTRODUCTORY NOTE .

B Y A . B , R E ND LE , D .so ., F .R .S .

D R . FORBE S ’ S c o l l ec t i o n w as m ade in 1885—1880 , a n d i n thelatte r y ea r M r . R idley i n t h i s Jou r n a l ( xx i v . 321 ; 1886) gave an

ac cou n t o f t h e Mo n ocoty l edo n s . I n t h e sa m e volum e (p . 289 )Ba ro n F . von Mue l le r desc r ibed so m e new V accz

’

n z

’

acece f r o m t h ec o l l ec tio n , a n d M r . R id ley sta ted i n t h e i n t r oduc t i o n to h i s pape rt h at “ t h e g r eate r po rt io n of t h e flow e r i n g p la n ts a r e be i n g desc r i bedby Ba r on vo n Mue l le r . ” T h i s

,h ow eve r , w as n o t do n e ; a n d , t h oug h

new spec ies h a ve'

bee n desc r i bed f r o m D r. Fo r bes ’ s pla n ts f r o m t i m eto t ime i n pape r s dea l ing w i t h t h e F lo r a of N ew Gui n ea , t h e bu l k oft h e co l lec t io n h as n ot bee n w o r k ed out .

In cases w h e r e new spec i es h a ve b een p r e v iously desc r i bed f r o mD r. Fo r bes ’ s spec i m e n s , r efe r e n c e i s m ade to t h e place of publ ica ti o n ,a n d a b i bl iog r ap h y w i l l be gi ve n at t h e e n d of t h i s c o m m u n i catio n .

D r. Fo r bes al so m ade ( 1878—83 ) e xte n s i ve co l l ec ti o n s i n t h eMalaya n I sla n ds

,t h e fi r s t set of w h i c h was acqu i r ed bv t h e B r i t i s h

M useu m . I t i s m uc h to be r eg r etted t h at the col l ec t io n s co u ld n o tbe w o rk ed out at t h e ti m e , a n d t h at D r . Fo r be s s h ou ld n ot h a ver ec e i ved ea r l ie r t h e c r ed i t due fo r h i s p io n ee r w o r k of bota n ica lexplo r atio n i n t h e Malaya n A r c h ipelago .

Du r i n g t h e past few yea r s t h e s taff of t h e D epa r t m e n t of Botanvh as de vo ted co n s ide rable t i m e to t h e dete r m i n a t io n of t h e va r io u sco l l ec tio n s ; t h e p r ese n t accou n t o f t h e N ew G u i n ea p la n ts w i l l befo l low ed by o n e dea l i n g w i t h t h ose f r o m t h e Malayan I sla n ds .

T h e i n fo r m ation as to h ab i t , col ou r of flow e r s , &c . i s taken f r o m

t h e co ll ec to r ’ s notes .

JOURNAL or Bou vr , JUNE, [S UPPLE M E N'

L ] b

[0 DR. 11 . o . FORBE S ' S N EW G U INEA PLANT S

DICOTYLEDONS .

POLYPE TALIE

By E . G . BAKER , E .L. S

RAN L’

NCULAC E E .

CL E M AT I S V i '

rALBA L . Sogere , 080 , 738 a .

D ILLEN IACEAE .

T E TRACE RA V OLUB I LI S Me r r . Mt . Ko iko lco , 3000 ft .

, (573 . La r gecl i m be r ; w idely sp r ead i n t h e P h i l i ppi n e I s la n ds .

SAURAUJA r ar r axa K . Sc h um. Sogere, 473— 8 . UN IFLORA

l iidley. Sogere, 321 .

M AGNOL IACE /E .

Michel ia Forbesu Bak . fil .,sp. 11 . A rbor al ta ramul is teret ibus

no vel l is pubescent ibus f o l l'

z

'

s chartaceis e l l ipt ic is api c e subi to acu m inat i s bas i ro tundat is ve l late cuneat is no ve l l is pubescent ibus demum

pe t io lis exceptis fe r e glabris , la m i n a 15 19 c 111. lo 11ga ,c m . la ta

,

ne r v 1s late1a l ibus ut i i nque 12 14 , pet io lo h i1suto 25 28 m m . l o n go ;jlor ibus ignot is carp e l l is i n te r m i n o r e s ge n e r i s i n cap i tu l u m l i n ea r i~oblo n gu m coal it is numerosis l ignosis 7

— 8 11 1m. l o n gi s et la t i s 1—2

spermis bival vat im deh iscen t ibus ; send nibus glabris + 6 c m . l o n g i s .Sogere , 442 01. A tal l t r ee . F r u i t g r ee n i s h o r a n ge

, 5—10 c m .

l o n g, co m posed of n u m e r o us s ess i l e 1— 2 - seeded c a rpe l s , w h ic h a r es m al l e r t h a n t h os e of M . Char /p aw L.

HIMANTANDRACE I .

Himantandra nitida Bak . til . No r m a n , sp. 11 . Arbor al tara m i s n igrescen t ibus l epido t is f o l z

’

is pet io lat is c oriaceis su p ra ins ign i te r 11 it |dis subtus squamul is c u p r eo - 11itent ibus omnino obtec t is o va li bus bas i ro tundat is a pic e obtusis vel subacut is , la m i n a 7 o c mlo n ga , 4 0—5 5 c m . lata

, pet io lo 18 20 mm. l o n go , ne i v is l at e ral i bus a costa ut rinque numerosis arcu int ramarginal i conjunc t is mar

gin ibus sicc itate inflex1s ; fi0w’

bws axil laribus so l itariis peduncu lat is ;cu lyp /r is duabus 18

— 20 mm. l o n gi s extus squamul is cupi eo- 11iten t i

bus obt ect is api ce subobtusis ; S iam/ 71 711 113 numero sis ext imis ste 1 il i

bus a n gu ste e10 11gat o - 11crul 1t0 1mibus 24—25 mm. l o n gi s deinde stamin ibus fe l t il ibus aequilongis s taminodiis l ineal ihus gc nufiexis hinc i n d e

glandulos is ; ozwmu s co 11 fe1 t is

,styl 1s b l cvibus , st igmat ibus camosis .

Soge l e . 2000 ft . , 828 a .

D i ffe r s f r o m H . B al er /1 1 4mm D i e l s bv t h e s h i n i n g b r oade rc o r iac eous leaVes and m uc h lo n ge r sta m e n s .Himantandra. parvifo lia Bait . til . No rma n , sp. 11 . A rbor

al ta rami s g r i se i s lepido t is glabris ; f o l iis a n gus te obl ongis apic esubacuminat is b i s i cuneat is papr iace is subtus squamul is cupl eis

obt ec tis , la m i n a 5 5 c m . l onga , 17 111111. l ata , pe t io lo 10 12 111 111 .

lo n go , nel vis late ial ibus inconspicuis a costa ut i inque nume l osis ai cu

int ralnarginali conjunc tis ; jl'

or ibus parv iuscul is so l itariis peduncu

l at is ; calyp l r is duabus + 10 m m . l o n gi s extus squamulis cupreis


41 DR . 11 . o . roane s’

s NEW GI'

INE A PLANT S

MEN I SP E R M ACEE .

PARABE N’

A ) IYRIANTHA K . Sc h um . Sogere, 684 .

CHLJZNANDRA 0 111 1311 M iq . Sogere, 184 .

V IOLACE JE .

SCIIL’

I’

RM ANSIA M ICROCARPA L . Cap. Sogere, 677 .—S . HE N

NING SII K . Sc h u m . Sogere, 613 .

ALSOD E IA AsraomnE s Laut . K . Sc h u m . Sogere, 2000 ft . ,121 ; 2500 ft .

,134 . S m a l l t r ee : f rui t da r k g r ee n , i m matu r e .

B IXAGE E .

Coc h l ospermum Gill ivraei B e n t h . va r . nov . papuanum Bak . fil .

Rami l ignosi ; f o l z'

z

'

s 3— 5 ra r i s s i m e 7 , palmat ilobis p r o ge n e r e parv iuscu l i s l o n ge pet iolat is, la m i n a 4 - 6 c m . l o n ga , ut rinque glab ra, lobisapiee subacuminat is 35— 50 m m . lo n gi s m a r gi n e integris vel h inc i n d eserrat is , pet iol is 111m. l o n gi s ; fiorz

’

bus hermaphrodit is adapic es ra m o r u m paniculat is ; sepa l is 5 , c ra ss i s inaequal ibus , imbricat is

,int erioribus qua m exterioribus majon

'

bus p eta l is 5 , ovat is ve lob lo n go - obovat is 35— 40 m m . lo n gi s ; s favmim

'

bus numerosis , tilament isfil iformibus , antheris 3— 4: m m . l o n g i s , basifixis api ce po r o dehiscent ibus ; orar z

'

z

'

placen t is parietal ibus ; cap sul e i g n ota .Port Mo r esby , s i n e n o .

D iffe r s f r o m typ ica l C . GILLIV RFE I Be n t h . b y t h e l eaves b ei n gs m a l l e r a n d t h e sepa l s u n equal i n l e n gt h , t h e o ute r be i n g s h o r te r t h a nt h e i n n e r .

TE RN STRCE MIACE JE .

TRE MANTHE RA D C FAURII F . Muel l . i n V i e t . Nat . 1886 , 168 .

S )ge r e , 1 750 - 2000 ft . 2 60 , 681 , 783 b. Mt . M eroka, 2000 ft . , 365 .

A 11 e r ec t s h r ub o r t r ee up to 40 ft . flow e r s p i n k o r p i n k -pu r pl e .Ternst roemia sogerensis Bak . sp. n . Ramul i cicatricibus

fol iorum delapsorum n otat i ; f o l iis ad e xt r e m i tates ramulorum di s

posit is coriaceis oblanceo lat is vel oblanceo lato - spathulat is glabris

apic e obtusis vel subacut is bas i i n petio lum at tenuatis cu m pet iol is

5 c m . lo n gi s , 15— 20 m m . lat i s ; p eduncul is brev ibus 1 -floris ;

sepa l is 5 va lde imbricat is rotundat is ve l suborbicularibus rugosis

glabris ; p e ta l is 5 bas i connat is ; s tmnin ibus numerosis ; an t/w r it:

glabris basifixis v i x 2 mm. l o n g i s f rucz’

u ig n oto .Sogere , 660 .

No t i c eabl e fo r the ob la n ceo late co r ia ceous leaves and solita ry ve rys h o r tly pedu n c ulate flow e r s .

D iffe r s i n s h ape of l eaf f r o m T. papumm Lauterb. T. B r it

t cn iana F . Muel l .Adinaiidra Forbesu Bait . fil . , sp. 11 . A rbor al ta

, ramul isc i n e r eo - co rt icat is glabrescen t ibus f ol z

'

z

'

s c rassiuscul is , la m i n a o vatooblo n ga fe r e glab r a apic e subobt usa bas i late cu n eata 5—8 5 c m .

l o n ga , 3 c m . lata , petio lo 5—8 m m . l o n go fl oribus majuscul isso l itariis axil laribus pcdunculat is , pedunculis 4

—5.

c m . lo n gi s apicemve r sus brac t e is 2 munit is ; sepa l is semio rbicularibus va lde imbricat-i s ;f e ta l is c rassiuscu l is imb ricat is + 2 c m . l o n gi s ; s tamin ibus numerosis

pen tade l ph is ; o rar io glab r o 5- loculari apice i n stylum sensimabeunte,

o val i s i n locul is numerosis ; f ractw i g n oto .

POLYP E TALZ-E 5

Mt . G awada , 5000 ft .

,545 . A g r ea t t r ee ; flow e r s i n b ud pi n k

pu r ple l ea ves glab r ous r at h e r t h ick ; flow e r s s h owy w i t h s ta m e n s in5 p h ala n ges . A . ho l oser icea D i e l s has m uc h s m a l le r flow e r s , s h o r t e rpedu n c l es

,a n d a den se ly s i l ky o va ry .

D IPTEROCARPACE E .

AN I SOPTERA FORB E S I I B r a n d i s i n Jou r n . L in n . Soc . xxx i . (1895)45 . Sogere , 373 .

8 11a .1 FORBE S I I B r a n d i s , op . cit . p . 92. Sogere, 86 1 .

MALVAC E E .

URENA S INUATA L . Sogo r e , 837 a .

STERCUL IACEE .

STERCUL IA E DE NFE LTII F . Mue l l . Ow e n Sta n l ey Ra n ge , 9 , 1 16,752 , 824 .

S . os cmocanm F . Muel l . Fo r be s in V i c t . Nat . i i i . 49 . Ow e nS ta n ley Ra n ge , 680 .

Stercul ia ampla Bak . fil . , sp. 11 . A rbor al ta ad S . 11za cr 0pby7[amV e n t . accedens ; ramzs c rass i s ; s t ip uh s conspicuis pe1 sisten t ibus

acuminat is ; f o l izs simpl ic ibus pe t io lat is, la m i n a ovata bas i c 0 1dataap ic e acum i n ata 25—30 c m . lo n ga , 16— 18 c m . lata , pet iol is h irtis

l ongitudinalite r canal iculat is fior ibus unisexual ibus paniculat is , pa n iCul i s a m pl i s 20—35 c m . lo n gi s , peduncul is pedicel lisque fe r r ugi n eoh irt is ; ca lyce parviusculo flavo u r c eolato extus p i l i s ste l lat is 1 est it o

+ 5 m m . l o n go 5 - m e1 o , leh i s brevibus recurvat is ; fl . f e 1111 1 ,1€ 18 o va1 i oextus b i i to , stylo b1 e v i e1ec to ap ice stigmatoso ; fl . 111ascul zs , co lumna

sta m i n ea ap ic e a n t h e1as annulat im congestas fe r e n te ; f o l /10 111184 l ignoso

- co1 1ace1s extus fe r r ugi n eo tomen t osis + 6 c m . loi1gis .

Soge1 e, Mt . W'

0 1 i wo1 i, 4000 ft . , 2 13 , 8 19 . La r ge t r ee ; flow e r syel low .

A la r ge t r ee al l i ed to S . 111acr 0pb3/Zl a V ent . w i t h pers i ste n t st i pul es ,co rdate - o va te lea ves

,a n d a n a m ple pa n i c l e of s m al l yel l ow flow e r s

w i t h an u r c eola te calyx and s m a l l r ec u r ved lobes .Baacm‘

cmr ox CARRL’

TI—IE RSII F . Muel l . i n V i c t . Na t . i i i . 46 .

Soge1e , 904 ,476 .

PT E Roo i MBIUM B E CCARII K . Sc h um , Sogere , 530 .

PTERYGOTA Fomnasu F . Muel l . I. 0 . Ow e n Sta n l e y Ra n ge , 44 1 .

A BRO M A ANo usrx L . Sogere , 2500 ft ., 245 . E r e c t s h r ub ;

flow e r s pu rp l e f r u i t g r een to black w h e n r ipe .

TILIACE E .

S I. .O \NE A

I

N YM ANNI K . Sc h u m . Sogere , Mt . Gaw ada . 2000 ft .

4500 ft 5 71 , 743 , 195 . La r ge t r ee ; flow e r s g r ee n i s h - c rea m w i t hl i g h t o 1ange ce n t r es ; f r u i t yel l ow i s h g r ee n f r o m h a i r s o n the c u t i c l e .

S . SCIiUMANS‘

I VVarh . Sogere , M t . G awada , 5000 f t .

,524 . La rge.

t r ee w i t h r ic h o ra n ge a n t h e r s .S . FORBE S I I F . Muel l . i n V i et . Nat . v i i i . 164 . Suge r e 3000 f t . ,

273 . G r eat t r ee ; flowe r s w h i te w i t h pa l e g r een t i n ge .

'

6 D B . H . o . Fonnns’

s NE W 0 171x131 PLANT S

S loanea sogerensis Bak . fil .,sp. n . A rbor a l ti s s i m a

, ramul isnovel l is toment os is ; s l ip ul is conspic uis ; f o l i1

'

s coriace is oblo n goo vat is ve l o va libus bas i co rdat is ve l subcordat is demum supe r n e fe r e

glabris, 15—20 cm. lo n g i s , 9 5—1 1

,cm. lat i s , pet io lo to m e nt o so 5—7 c m .

l o n go ; 17 10 8 11118 simpl ic ibus c m . l o n g i s, pedice l l is t omentos is

’0 - 25 m m . saepissime nutant ibus ; sepa l is ovat is

tomentosis ; p e tah s. o va t is tomentosis h a ud

'

inc isis ;in ul t iserial ibus apiculat is ; to m e n toso ; cap sula l ignosa 4 - l ocul a r i extus ec h i n ata, spin is 5—7 111 111 . l o n gi s .

Sogere, 31 1 , 919 .

A g r eat t r ee w i t h g r ee n i s h - w h ite flowe r s and o ra n ge s ta m e n s .60 7 , a m ode rate ly la r ge t r ee .

D iffe r s f r o m S . F o rbes ii in t h e s m al l e r flow e r s a n d e n t i r e petal sf rom S . Myman n i K . Sc h u m . by t h e la r ge r flow e r s a n d l eaves a n dc o n spic uous st i pul e s .

E lmocarpus sogerensis B 1k . fi1. , sp. n . A rbor magma, ramul is

glabris ; f o l i1’

s ob lo n go - lanceo lat is v e l e l l ipt ico- lanceo lat is ap1ce acu

minat is - bas i rotundat is ve l late cuneat is ut rinque glabris m a r g i n eserrat is vel obso lete serrat is , la m i n a 5— 7 c m . l o n ga , c m . la ta,pet io lo 20

— 28 mm. l o n go ; 11 1 0 1111118 la x i s smpissime 4—5 c m . l o n gi s ,’

r h ac h i glab ra ; pedice l l is 5 — 6 m m . lo n g i s ; a l abas tr is 7— 9 m m .

l o n gi s ; sepa l is l i n ea r i - lanceo lat is + 9 m m . l o n gi s ; pe ta l is ap ic e'lae iniat is lac in iis augusti s ; b i loc u la r i gla b r o f ruemi g n o to .

Mt . VVori-w o r i , 5000 ft . , 7 17 . G r eat t r ee ; flo w e r s w h i te .

Has m uc h t h e a spect of E . M un roi “f ig h t , but t h e o va ry i sglab r o us . T h e peta l s a r e lac i n i a te ,

abo ut 10 m m . l o n g . A l l i ed toE . Gje l l erup i Pul l e , f r o m w h ic h i t d iffe r s i n i ts s m a l l e r lea ves w i t hs h o r te r pet io l e s .

E . M L’

E LLE BIANU S Sc h lec h te r F . Muel l . n o nSogere , 676 .

AC E Ru i UM M UE LI.E RIAN UM Sc h l ec h te r (E . edul z’

s Teijsm.&Binn .

Me reka Ra n ges , 2500 ft . , 896 . Co n s ide r ab l e t r ee f r u i t da r k g r ee n .Mt . G awada ,

5000 ft . , 5 80 . La r ge t r ee ; flow e r s i n bud da r k pu r pl e .Mt . VVori- w o r i , about 5000 ft . , 70 5 . G r eat t re e ; flow e r s r i c h lakes ca r l e t . Sogere , 295 . S m a l l t r ee ; flow e r s pa le yel low .

LINACE EE .

E RYTIIBOXYLON E camxa r r u B u r c k . Sogere, 878 .

M ALPHIGHIACE E .

Rrssorr E Rr s mc aosrmu A . Juss . Sogere , 943 .

R cmc sm.

Forb esi i Bak . sp. n . Arbor al ta adE . ie tmgon omK . Sc h u m . et E . 3116 0 10 3 0 111 Zol l . accedens ; f 0 11 1

'

s t r ifo l io lat is pet io lat is glabris , fo l io l is termina l ibus obo vat is ba s i cuneat isapic e ro tundat is + 19 c m . lo n gi s e t 1 1 c m . lati s

,n e r v i s late ra l ibus

numerosis c i r c 15 paral le l is , pet io lo co m m u n i 5—6 c m . l o n go ; pang.11

11113 e l ig n o vete r e o r t is 5 c m . lo n gi s pedun cul is pedice l lisque

glabn s ; sepa l is 1 ro tundat is glabris ; p e ta l zs 4 o vat is + 5 m m .

l o n gis ova/1 0 1 - loculari‘ h i r to ;

'

s fyl o cen t ra l i e r ec to ;


8 D B . 11 . o . Fonnes’

s N E W ov u m PLANT S

Sogere , 59 (Hi) .— D . S

'

l‘

E LLATO -PUB E RULL’

M C . DC . I. c .

167 . Sogere , 525 .

— D . KL’

NTHIAN L’

M M iq . Sogere , 6941.

Dysoxylon (E UDYSUXYLON ) lact iflorum Bak . fil .,sp. n . A rbor

al ta ; f oh'

1

'

s 3 -jugis, fol io l is e l l ipt ic is ve l o vat is ve l oblongis ap ic eacut is ve l subacuminat is bas i cuneat is chartaceis glabriuscul is , n e r v i slat eral ibus subtus prominul is ut rinque 13

—16 e r ec to -patul is , parall el is ; f o l 1

'

o l z'

s distal ibus , 12 c m . l o n gi s 5 c m . l ati s,p r o x i m a~

l i bus minoribus 8 - 9 c m . longis ; p ef1’

olul is 5 111m. lo n g i s ; panicul isc u m fo l iis oriundis mul t ifloris ; ca lyce 6 5 m m . lo n go

,lobis la t i s ;

p e ta l is 5 extus sericeis 10 m m . l o n gi s ; disco tubul oso ; tubo 8 10 1115110 0

extus glab r o ; an ther is 10,i n t r a m a r gi n e m tub i ; ovar io pi l oso ; s tyl o

e r ec to ; s t ignmte c ap itato .

Mt . Wo r i -wo r i , 5000 ft . , 731 . G r eat t r ee ; flow e r s c r ea m -w h i te .

T h e n ot i c eable fea tu r e s a r e t h e l ea ves w i t h about 3 pai r s of l eafl ets

,t h e m a n y -flowered pa n i c l e of c r ea m - w h i te flow e r s , t h e 5 peta l s

ex t e r n a l ly se r ic eous , glab r o us sta m i n a l tube , and p ro m i n e n t d i sc .Chisochet on sogerensis Bak . fil .

,sp. 11 . A rbor m ed ioc r i s ; folns

mul t ijugis (10 fol io l is l i n ea r i -oblongis , 3 - 8 c m . lo n gi s , 1c m . lat i s , sess il ibus vel subsessil ibus , fo l iolorum r h ac h i h i r s u ta ;

111fl oresce1zt 1'

a 2—7 c m . l o n ga , grac il lima, peduncul is pilosis ; fl 0 r ibus

pedicel la tis, calyc e de n tato , ex te r n e h i r to i n to to 3—4 m m . lo n go ;

p e ta l is 4 , r a r i ss i m e 3 , 8—9 m m . lo n gi s exte r n e hirt is ; o r ther is 8 ,

+ 1 m m . l o n gi s , staminorum t ubo exte r n e glab r o 8— 9 m m . l o n go ;fructu exte r n e h irsute , 10 - 12 m m . l o n go , 8—10 mm. lato .

Mt . G aw ada , 6000 ft . , 518 ( i n flow e r ) . Sogere , 8 52 ( i n f rui t ) .Mode r ate t r ee , flow e r s p u r e w h i te . A r at h e r a n o m alous spec i es w i thl i n ear-oblo n g l eaflets , i n 10—16 pa i r s ; flow e r s s le n de r , peta l s ge n eral ly 4 ,r a r e ly 3 o va ry su r r ou n ded by a tubu la r d i s c .C . FORBE S I I C . DC . i n Bu l l . He r b . Bo is s . 1903, 168 . Sogere,

7 1 1 (Hb .

—C . NOV OGUINE E NSE C . DC . l . of 169 . Sogere,s i n e 110 . (Hb . D eCand . )

Dasycol eum Forbesii Bak . fil . No r m a n , sp. n . A rbor al ta ;f o l z

'

is magnis in specimine n o st r o 4 -jugis a n pl u r ibus , fol iolis magnis,25 — 35 c m . lo n gi s 41— 8 c m . la t i s api ce brev iter acuminat is papyraceisutrinque glabris, n e r v i s lateral ibus utrinque 1

41 — 18 subtus cum costa

prominent ibus , pet io lul is 5—8 m m . l o n gi s ; pan icu l is elongatis m u l t i

flo r is u sque ad 410—415 c m . l o n gi s r a m i s inferioribus 10 c m . l o n gissuperioribus brevioribus ; fl 0 r 1

’

bus a lbi s + 1 cm. l 0 ngis ; ca lyce cupuli

fo r m i den t ibus subnul l is + 3 111m. l o n go ; p eta l is augusti s subco

hzc rent ibus 10 m m . l o n gi s ; tubo s tamineo extus c u m petal is al iqu idcohae rent ibus 7 m m . l o n gi s , antheris longiuscul is + 3 m m . lo n gi s ;

h i r to~1~loculari supe r n e i n stylum h i r tum at tenuate ,st ig m ate

c irculari f ructu i g n oto .

Sogere , 2000 ft . , 8341 ; Mt . Wo r i -w o r i , 1135000 ft . , 714 . G r eatt r ee w i t h w h i te flow e r s .

An ooaa ROHITUKA W. A . Sogere , 2000 ft . , 3841. La r ge t r ee ;f r u i t ve ry b r ig h t sca r l e t ;

'

seeds capsu la r , l i g h t r ed .

Amoora sogerensis Bak . iii. , sp. n . A rbor ; f o l iz’

s petiolat is

imparipinnat is i 3-jugis c u m i m pa r i , pe t io lo co m m u n i subteret i fo l iol ismembranaceis glabris oblo ngis ve l el l ipt ic is apice acuminat is v e l

obtusis bas i cuneat is la m ina fol iorum distalium - 15 c m . l o n ga

POLYPETA 9

4 - 5 c m . lata , proximal ium 8—9 c m . lo n ga — 4 c m . la ta, pe t io l is

+ 5 m m . lo n g is , n e r v i s lateral ibus fo l io lorum m ajo r a m ut rinque 10

13 , subtus prominulis 210 1110 1110 111113 0 1110 laxa 20—25 c m . l o n ga,

rac emos floriferos ge r e n te floribus pedice l lat is 5— 7 m m . lo n gi s ; ca lyce

5 - m e r o i n to to 3 m m . lo n go , sepal is ro t undat is ; pe l a l 1’

s 3 pri111ump i l i s extus vest it is, an theris 6 m m . l o n g i s fl or ibus f oenzinez

'

s igno t is .

Sogere, 4 18 .

T h e n ot iceabl e featu r es a r e t h e i m pa r i pi n n a te t rij ugate l eavesw i t h p r o m i n e n t l ate ra l n e r ves , t h e la x pa n i c l e of m a le flow ers— t h eped ic el s 5—7 m m . l o n g .

APHANAMIXIS M ACROCAL YX Ha r m s ex desc r ipt . Sogere , 3000 ft .,

766 . Requ i r es co m pa r i so n w i t h type . E r ec t s h r ub a bou t 10 it ;

f r ui t b r ig h t sca r l et .AGLA IA FORBE SIANA C . D C . i n B ul l . He r b . Bo i ss . 1903

,1 71 .

Sogere, s i n e n o .

— A . S UBM INUTIFLORA C . D C . 1. c . 175 . Sogere , 5 1 .

Probab ly al so Mt . Wo r i - w o r i , 5000 ft .,

—A . PARVIFLORA C . DC .

1. c . 176 . Sogere, 55 .

— A . LE UCOCLADA C . D C . 1. c . 172 . Sogere ,

5 2 , 6 1 .— A . M YRI STICA C . D C . 1. c . 176 . Sogere , s i n e 11o .

— A . No n )

G UINE E N SIS C . D C . desc r ipt . Sogere , 2000 ft . , 6 , 277 . T r ee s m a l l ;flow e r s i n co n sp ic uous , pa l e o r a n ge .

Aglaia cinnamomea. Bak . fil . , sp. n . A rbor grandiuscula ; f o l /1'

s

imparipinnat is , + 50 c m . lo n gi s , caul ibus l ignosis , c innamomeo - pubescent ibus, pet io lis cra ss i s , c m . l o n gis , fo l io lis proxinml ibus+ 10 c m . lo n gis , c m . l at i s , fo lio l is dista l ibus + 19 c m . lo n g i s

,

+ 3 c m . l ati s , o m n ibus oppo sit is , coriaceis , glabris, 5-jugis , a n gu ste

oblo n go - lanceolat is , bas i cuneat is , ap ic e lo n ge acuminat is,fo l io lo

te r m i n a l e + 20 c m . l o n go , i i C 111 . lato , pet io lul is fo l io lorum la t eral ium + 1 c m . l o n g i s , t ermina l ium + 2 c m . lo n gi s , c rass i s e t e o n

to r t i s ; 111fl 0 resce 11t111 pa n ic u lata , c innamomeo - pubesce n te , pan ieu lis9— 12 c m . l o n g i s axil laribus ; fl or zbus den siss iin is

, pa r v i s , alabas t ris

v iridibus, pube c innamomeo t ect is ; ca lyce + 1 m m . lo n go , pubesc e n te ,dent ibus rotundat is , 3 10 1111111w 5

, petal is evo lutis + 1 111111 . l o n gi s ,

tundat is ; f rucz‘u ig n oto .

Sogere, 197 .

A l l i ed to A . K 111g1a 1m 1tidl . , d i ffe r i n g by i ts lo n ge r l eafle t s ,s h o r te r a n d pubesc e n t pa n i c l es , a n d s m a l le r flow e r s .FL INDER SIA PAPUANA F . v . Muel l . Sogere , 1 21 .

I’rrro sronnr .

PITT O SPORL’

M SINUAT l’

M Bl . Suge r e , 2000—2500 2ft . , 31 , 21 1,

472 . La r ge s h rub ; f r u i t o ra n ge w it h sca r l e t seeds .

Ur r r rrnnax

CALOPIIYLLUM L . Sogere , 928 , 930 — 0 , 8 11 111

11

1

B ILE W'

i l ld . Suge r e , 1 12 .

G anemm P ie r r e . Sogo r e,6 -19 , is probabl v a fo r m

of t h i s — G . Nl axuo sa‘axa L . M t . G awada , 5 250 fr ,

OCHROCARPU S‘

o YAL l FO L l l'

s A n de r s . Mt . G awada , 50 00 16 ,5 10 ,

PO LYPORANDA HANS E MANNI E n gle r . Sogere . 2000 ft 205 ,

S m al l t r ee ; flow e r s i n bud , pal e o ra n ge g r ee n .

Jor nmu . or Bon n , J 1923 . [S r r r urn ias'

r

10 D R. II. 0 . FORBE S ’ S NE W G U INE A PLANT S

RIIYTIDICARUM M OLLE K . Sc h u m . Sogere, 471 . F low e r s a r erequ i r ed to co n fi r m t h i s .I odes sogerensis Bak . fil . , sp. n . F rm‘

ex al te sca n de n s ramul isteret ibus ; fo l iis opposit is in tegerrimis o va l ibus v e l ovat i -obo vat isrigidis api c e acuminat is bas i la te cuneatis, n e r v i s lateral ibus ut rinquec i rc . 6 subtus conspic uis arcuat is , n e r v i s secundariis sub a n gu lo r ecto

primariis conjungent ibus , la m i n a 7— 10 c m . l o nga ,c m . la ta ,

pet io lo 10—14 m m . ignot is ; pedun cu l is supra axil lari

bus ; fi'

ncmo v ifo r m i , 17— 20 m m . l o n go , 12—14 m m . la to - pubesce n te .Sogere , 2000 f t . , 376 .

La r gi s h c l i m be r ; f r u i t l e m o n - colou r ed . Leave s r i g id w i t h w e l lma r ked ne r ve s below . Flow e r s n ot see n .

ILICINE E .

Il ex Forbesn Bak . fil . , sp. n . A rbor al ta ; r a m i s c o r t i c e c i n e r eoobtect is , rainu l is applanat is p i l i s sparsissime obtec tiS ‘

fo l iis sub

coriaceis, el l ipt icis ve l o vato -el iiptic is, supe r n e glabris , subti s p i l i ssparsissime obtect is, api c e acut is bas i cuneat is, n e r v i s lat eral ibusutrinque 5

—6 arcuat is, a n te m a r gi n e m i n te r s e conjungentibus , n e r v i ssecondariis inconspicuis, la m i n a 10—12 c m . lo n ga , 4 c m . la ta ;pet io lo 10

—12 m m . l o n go , inflorescen t ia 3— 13 - flora, peduncul is 13

1 5 m m . l o n gi s , glabris , pedicel l is 5—6 m m . lo n gi s ; ovarz’

o 6 - loculari,

l ocul is 1 - spermis f ructu i n vivo pal l ide v i r i d i , i n sicco n i g r o , 5—8 m m .

l o n go , 4—6 m m . lato .Sogere, 2000 ft . ,

383 . La r ge t r ee , f r u i t pal e g r ee n , c lo sely al l i edto I. M aiflgayi Hoo k . fil . , difi

'

ering by t h e few e r la tera l n e r ves oft h e l eaves .

CE LASTRINE E .

SALACICRATE A PAPUA 'NA , Loes . Mt . Koikoko , 3000 ft . , 667 .

Hippocratea sogerensis Bak . fil ., sp. n . F v

'

u fex sca n de n s adH . macranflmm Kort li . accedens ; ram s c o r t i c e plu m beo obtec t is ;

fo l iis coriaceis el l ipt icis v e l el lipt ico-obovat is , glabris ap i ce saepius

acut is rarius obtusis, supe r n e nit idis, l a m i n a 5 c m . l o n ga - 3

5 c m . lata , pet io lo 8— 10 mm. l o n go ; in fl orescen t ia laxa axil lari ;

brac te is ba s i pedicel lorum pa r v i s acut is ; ca lyce pa r vo ; p e ta l i s 5 ,lanceolat is + 4 m m . l o n g i s , crassiuscul is ; s tamz

’

m’

bus 3 , filament is

api c e recurv is ; d i sco cupulari o va r iu m circumdante ; ouaa'da 3 - locu

la r i ; s lyl o e r ecto fi'

uctu i g n oto .

Sogere, 440 . C l i m be r w i t h o r a n ge flow e r s . D i ffe r s f r o m H . macran tba Kort h . i n the s h ape of t h e leav es a n d co lou r of t h e flow e r s .

RHAMNACE E .

ALPHITONIA EXCEL SA Re i ss . Sogere , 332 ( n o f ru i t) .G ouaxm M I CR OCARPA B l . Sogere, 268 . T ree about 40 ft ;

flow e r s i n bud , pal e o ra n ge .Zizyphus Forbesii Bak . fil . , sp. n . A rbor r a m i s t eretibus l e n t i

cel losis ; f o l iis oblongis vel oblo n go - lanceo lat is , api c e acuminatis bas icuneatis subco riaceis longitudina l iter 3 - n e r v i s glabris, la m i n a 10

14 c m . l o n ga 3—4 c m . la ta , pet io lo 5—7 mm. lo n go fl m

'

z

’

bus ignot is

f ructu globoso ap i cula te ped ic e l lato , sicco 7—8 mm. diam . , l - loculari,

l - spe r m o .


12 D R . 11 . o . Fo nnr s‘s NEW GU INEA ru n s

i is t rifo l io lat is , fo l io l is t erminal ibus obo vat is ve l suborbiculariobo vat is api c e bre v iter acuminat is subtus fe r rug i n eo - tomen tosis,

ne r v i s lat eral ibus 4— 6 subtus prominul is 9— 11 c m . l o n gi s 6— 10 c m .

la ti s,fo l io l is lateral ibus inmquilateral ibus 9— 1 1 c m . l o n g i s , 6—9 c m .

lat i s , pet io l ul is fo l io lorum terminal ium 3—4 c m . l o n gi s , late r -al i u m7— 9 111 111 . l o n gi s , petiole comm u n i r u fo - to m e n to so 7— 12 c m . l o n go ;jl or ibus ignot is ; l oge /nine 6— 8 c m . l o n go fac ie pl ic is uren t ibus

ves ti to .

Sogere, 1750 ft .

, 148 . F r ui t c o ve r ed w i t h de n se b r ow n h a i r s .C lo sely al l i ed to III. monosp orma DC . d iffe r s i n t h e m o r e obl o n g

pod , and s te m , pet io les , a n d n e r ves 0 11 u n de r - s ides of lea ves rufesce n tto m e n tose .

No . 252 f r o m Sogere i s c lo sely al l i ed to t h i s .Caesalpinia (G u i la n d i n a) sogerensis Bak . fil . , sp. n . F rutex

d iffusus ramul is nov el l is set is densissime obtect is f o l iis bipinnat is

pinn is l 4— l 8 - fol iolatis

,fol io l is o vato - lanceolat is vel oblo n go - lanceo

lati s interst it iis i n te r fo l io lorum 10— 13 m m . l o n g is,bas i rotundatis

api c e subacuminatis , subsessil ibus ve l pet iolul is brevissi1n is , - subtusi nfo - tomentosis , la m i n a c m . l o n ga , 15— 18 m m . lata , pinnarumr h ac h i ac ul eata

,aculeis brev ibus uncinat is ; fl or ibus ignot is ; l ega l it i

m’

bus + 6 c m . lo n gi s et 4 + c m . l at i s setis spinescen t ibus densissimeobtect is , set is 8 -10 m m . l o n gi s ; p edun cul is 10— 16 c m . lo n gi s , ped ice l l is c '

assiuscul is brevibus .

Sogere, 3000 ft .

,1 12 . Sp r ead i n g s h rub ; f r u i t w i t h lo n g t h i c k

h a i r s .Leaflets o vate - la n c eolate o r oblo n g - la n c eo late , de n s ely rufo - to m e n

tos e below pod s de n sely cove r ed w i t h sp i n esce n t setae .Archidendron Forbesii Bak . fil .

,sp. n . A rbuscula ; f o l iis

bipinnat is, fol iol is glabris al t ernis majuscul is oblongis v el o vatooblongis apic e acuminat is bas i cuneat is ve l rotundat is pet iolulat is,la m i n a 10— 15 c m . l o n ga 4 4 7

,c m . lata ; iafl orescenfi is axil laribus

pl u r i ve l m u l ti - floris e r a m i s v et-ust ioribus o r ti s 8— 12 c m . l o n gi sramosis ca lyce tubul oso cupulari truncato 12

— 14 m1n . longo ; coro l l a?

l obis c rassiuscul is lanceo lat is ; sz‘amim

’

bus numerosissimis filamento rum tubo i n c l uso ; carpe l l is c i r c i te r 5 subsessil ibus pubescen tibus

a n gus te l i n ea r i - lanceolat is in stylum longissimum at tenuat is .

Sogo r e , 395 .

A ve ry s t r ik i n g pla n t w i t h la r ge glab r ous a l te r n ate l eaflets a n dabout 5 o va r i es . C alyx 12— 14 m m . l o n g , t r u n cate ; co r o l la r at h e rt h i ck , about 3 c m . l o n g .

Archidendron sogerense Bak . fil . , sp. n . Arbor ad A . be l l umHa r m s accedens , d i ffe r t p r i m o i n tu i tu petal is al ti u s connat is, ovariissaz

pissime 5 fo l l is bipin nat is , r h ac h i c i r c . 28—30 c m . l o n ga , fo l io l issubc oriac eis glabris oblongis v c l el l ipt ico

- oblongis 8- 11 c m . l o n gi s

3 om. l at i s bas i cun eat is v ete r e apiee acut is pet io l ul is brev ibus ;

fl o w /ms zi l l 11s pedunculat is e. l ig n o vc t c rc o r t i s , pedun cul is plui il lo ris

l lL‘l ' ll l S 3 —5 111111 . l o n gi s : i a lyeo extcrne glab r o 10 111111 . l o n go ,bre viter 4 - 5 de n tato ; p e ta l is ca ly c e longio ribus apiee c uc c ula t is ;s tmzufim

’

bns numerosis ; carp e l l is 5,s tyl i s elongatis fil iformibus ;

fruc/u i g n oto .

Sogere, 615 . T r ee ; flow e r s w h i te .

I’OLYPE TAI.JE 13

Hanseinannia gaw adensis Bak . fil ., sp. n . A i

'buscu l a ; f o l iz’

s

paripinnat is, fo l io l is majuscul is , ap ic e acuminat is , bas i cuneat is ,

n e r v i s lateral ibus ut rinque 7— 8 subt us conspicuis , la m i n a 18— 22 c m .

l o n ga 8 c m . lata , pet io lulis 4— 7 m m . l o n gi s ; fl or ibus e l i g n ove te r e o r t i s

, panicul is brev ibus ; ca lyce ex te r n e glab r o + 5 m m .

l o n go ; p e ta l is 14—15 m m . l o n gi s connat is ; s taminibus numerosisa l te connatis, peta la excedent ibus ; carp e l l is pl u r ibus .Mt . G aw ada , 2500 ft .

, 908 . S m al l t r e e . Flow e r s w h i te , o n s te ma n d t h ic k b r a n c h es .

Rosacma.

Angel esia papuana Bak . fil . , sp. n . Ramul i te n u es ; s t ip ul is

lanceolat is ; f o l iz’

s al ternis , membranaceis , el lipt ic is vel oblo n goel lipticis , bas i cuneat is, ap ic e acuminatis

,n e r v i s la teral ibus ut rinque

10— 12 , a n te m a rg i n e m arcuat is , et i n te r s e conjungent ibus , la m i n a12— 15 c m . l o n ga , 4 5 —5 5 c m . la ta

, pet io lo 2— 3 m m . l ongo ; jl o7

' ibus

i n pan icul is disposit is , pal l ide v iridibus , panicul is fo l i o brev ioribus ;s tamin ibus 10 ; oeam

’

o h i r to , s ty lo late ral i .Sogere , 2500 ft .

,257 . Flow e r s pal e g r ee n . A l l i ed to A . sp l endmzs

Ko r t h . (Ic . Bogo r . t. xc i v) . D i ffe r i n g i n t h e la r ge r l ea ves w i t hl o n ge r acu m i n ate po i n ts .

PYGE U M FORBE S I I Koe h n e i n E n gl . Jahrb. l i . 210 . Sogere, 5 29 .

P . ALBIVE NIUM Koe h n e . Sogere , 655 .

B onus RO SE -FOL IU S S m . Sogere, 2000 ft . , 122 . C l i m b i n g s h r ub ;f r u i t sca r l e t.

PARINARIU M NONDA F . v . Muel l . Sogere, 638 . P r obably a fo r mof t h is Spec i es

,but flow e r s a r e r equ i r ed to c o n fi r m t h e ide n t ifi catio n .

SAXIFRAGACE E .

ARGYROCALYMNA ARB OREU M Laut . K . Sc h u m . Mt . VVoriw a r i , 5000 ft . , 735 . La r ge r t r ee ; flowe r s i n bud da r k g r ee n calyc esda r k g r ee n .

POLYO SMA FORBE S I I Valeton i n No va G u in ea , v i i i . pt . 2 , 821 .

Sogere, 700 . La r ge s h r ub flow ers in bud g reen i s h w h i te.P . INTEGR I FOLIA Bl . fo r m a . By r i ve r , Sogere, 1750 ft .

, 692 .

Sle n de r t r ee flow e r s w h i te .

Polyosma gigantea Bak , fl l . , sp. 11 . A rbor a l ta,ra m is teret ibus

,

ramul is pau l lo applanat is ; f o l iis subcoriaceis , e ll ipt ic is , h inc i n deserrat is , api c e acut is, bas i cuneat is , n e r v i s lateral ibus ut rinque 10

— 12 ,

subtus prominul is, la m i n a 6—9 c m . l o n ga , 2— 3 cm. lata , pe t i o le10—14 m m . lo n go ; pedunculis mul t iflo ris , pedice l l is brev iss imis ;ca lyce 3

—4 m m . l o n go , den t ibus tr iangularibus ac ut is ; p ew /1'

s extus

pubescent ibus , august i s , 12—13 m m . l o n gi s , 111111 . lat i s ; Myl otenuissimo h i r to f r uemi g n oto .

Mt . Wo r i - w o r i , 5000 ft . , 7 16 .

h e at t r ee ; flow e r s pal e w h i t i s h yel l ow . tube t i n ted w it h r ose .V e r y c lose l y al l i ed to P . Me r r . f r o m A m bo i n a

, but

ped ic e l s s h o r te r , flow e r s and pedu n c l es lo n ge r .

Con nnurae ran .

Con nnr rmi G ornmnru F . v . Mue l l . Po r t Mo r esby,s i n e n o

.

14 DR . II . 0 . Fonnns’

s NEW GU INEA PLANT S

Te rminal ia sogerensis Bak . fil . , sp. n . A rbor ad T. rubiginosamK . Sel1um. aecedens ; r amis t eretibus ve l subtere t ibus co r ti c e griseoobtec t is ; f o l i£s ad ap ic es r a m o r u m confertis ob longis ve l ob lo n gooblanceo lat is s upe r n e glabris subtus rubiginoso

-

pubescen t ibus, n e r v i slateral ibus ut rinque 8— 10 i n te r s e 7— 10 mm. distan t ibus , la m i n a7—9 c m . l o n ga 3—4 cm. l ata , bas i cu n eata api c e s ubac uta vel obtusa ,pet io l is pubescen t ibus 12

— 15 m m . longis ; f rwct£bus i n spi cas laxasd isposit is , spic is 9—1 1 cm. l o n g is pubescen t ibus o vo ideis l ignosis

c ompressis et + 22 m m . la t i s pubescent ibus sess il ibus 1 - spermis .

Sogere, 636 .

A l l ied to T. r ubif/inosa K . Sc h u m . ,but d iffe r s i n m o r e po i n ted

l eaves be i n g w i th l o n ge r pet io l es , m o r e r ub igi n ous -pubesce n t below ;t h e la te ra l n e r ve s a r e r at h e r m o r e d i s ta n t .

M YRTACE EE (E UG E NIA by S . G r e ve s ) .

D E C .\ SPE RMUM PAN ICULATU M Ku r z . Sogere, Mt . G aw ada , 4500 ft . ,

5 82 , 662 , 820 . La r ge t r ee ; flowe r s w h i te w i t h pu r pl i sh sta m e n s ;flow e r s i n b ud pu r pl i s h - g r ey .

DecaspermumFo rbesii Bak . fil . , sp. n . F rutex e latus ad D . mi~cropbyl l umMe r r . accedens , ramul is teret ibus co r tic e c i n e r eo obtec t is ;f

’

o l iis parviuscul is ovat is punc tat is ac ut is basicuneat is s up ra nit idis,l a m i n a 15— 20 m m . lo n ga , 7— 10 m m . la ta , pet io lo b r e v i s s i m o fl or ibus

pauc i s pedicel lat is pedicel l is pi l i s al bidis obtec t is ; ca l‘z/c is tubo in~

fundibul iformi pi l i s obtecto lobis o vato - triangularibus acut is p e ta l is

r o seo - al b i s orbiculari- ovat is m a r g i n e c iliat is va lde iinbricat is s tami1zz

'

bus numerosis an theris 3 m m . lo n gi s ; s tyl o cu r vato glab r o ; omr io

+ 7- loculari ; f ructu i n sicco nigrescent e + 6 mm. la to + m m . l o n gosepal is co r o n ato .

Mt . G aw ada , 521 , al t . 5000 ft . E r ec t s h r ub ; flow e r s p i n k i s hw h ite , pi sti l s p i n k .

A l l i ed to D . micropbyl lum Me r r . , f r o m M i n dan ao , but difiers i ns hape of leaflets .

E ugen ia, Sect io n Jambosa.

E ugenia al tipeta G r e ves , sp. 11 . F ru ticosa e r ec ta ramis et

r amu l is teret ibus rugosis co r t ice brunneo obtec t is glabriuscul is

f‘

o/iis o vato - el l ipt ic is bas i cuneat is coriaceis 15—22 c m . lo n g is 6— 9

c m . lat i s i n sicco s up r a brunneo - v iridibus costa et v enis impressis ,subtus pal l idioribus c osta et v enis m ax i m e conspicuis , venis 20 - 30

5 — 7 m m . i n te r so distan t ibus ad 5— 7 m m . i n f r a m a r gi n e m dichotomisi ta venam 111arginalem formant ibus ; pet io lo

' 5— 1 c m . lo n go, 2—3 m m .

c ra sso ; fl or ibus ignot is ; bacon 5 c m . l o n ga (flde c l . detec toris) v i r id i .Sogere , 2000 ft . , 1 1 1 . E r ec t s h r ub , f rui t g r ee n .Appa r e n tly al l i ed to E . ma l ac oe fl sis , but has m uc h t h ic k e r l ea ves

w i t h m o r e r obust m id r ib . T h e s pec i m e n h ad n o flow e r s , but bo r e aso l i ta ry f r u i t o n a ped u n c l e 3 5 cm. l o n g .

E . ARFAKE NS IS G i bbs . Sogere , Mt . G aw ada , 5000 ft . , 5 20 .

S h r ub ; flow e r s c r eam -w h i te .

E UGEN IA C INNA ‘M O M EA V id . , va r . n o v . novoguineensis G r e ves . A

typo discrepat ob fol ia longiora i n terdumusque 16—18 c m . l o n ga et petiolos

paul l o longiores e t c rassio res , r eti c ul o pagi n a i n fe r i o r e va lde e m i n e n te .Sogere , Mt . Wo r i -w o r i , + 5000 ft .

, 739. Co n s ide rable t r ee ,fl owe r s w h i te .


16 DR . 11 . 0 . FORBE S‘S NEW GU INEA PLANT S .

5 c 111 . longis 5 c m . la t i s extus rugosis ; 116 111213 2—3 cm. 10 ngis

extus punc tulatis m a r gi n e sca r ioso undulato ; s tammzbus 2 2 5 c m .

l o n gi s ; 0 111111 1) t u1binat0 8 111 111 . lo n go locul is polyspermis ; s ty/l o

s ta m i n a s upe ra n te .Sogere, 404 .

A l l ied to E . K . Sel1um. , bu t d iffe r s i n t h e two d is t i n c tm a rg i n al ve i n s a n d i n t h e pec u l ia r u n d ulate peta l s .

E ugenia. Forb esii G r e ves , sp. A 1 (10 1° r amis gracil ibus teret ib us co1 tic e pa l l ide brunneo obtec tis glab1 iuscul is ;

t )

f o l u s el l ipt ic is

a pi c e acuminat is bas i acut is 12 15 c m . l o n gi s 4—5 c m . lat i s in sicco

s up ra brunneo - v iridibus costa i m p r essa subtus pal l idioribus v iridibus

costa co n sp ic ua ut rinque glabris venis 5— 6 c i r ca - 3 0 111. i n te r s edistan t ibus , pet io lo 5—8 m m . l o n go st riat0 ; fio1

°

1 l1us pauc i s su bsessil ibus ; p edun cul is pergrac il ibus 2 111m. loi1gis bas i brac teis 2minut is st ipat is ; ca lf/0 1

'

s { 1160 1 5 16 111111 . l o n go infnndibul iformiextus glab ro le h i s 4 ro tundat is 111m. l o n gi s ; 0 111111 11 locul is polyspermis ; 3 1

./ l o 5 cn1 . long0 puber .ulo

Soge1e, 2500 ft 31 ; peta l s and s ta m e n s wa n t i n g .

A l l i ed to E . j0 1°

111os11 Wal l , but h as s m al le r n o n s h i n i n g leaves ,s ess i l e o r subsess i l e flow e r s , a n d a so m ew h at d i ffe r e n t ca lyx .

E . GON IOCALYX Laut . Sogere, 2000 f t . , 382 . La r ge t r ee , f ru i tl i g h t g r ee n .

E . JA M B O S L . Sogere , 4 55

E . M ALACC E N SIS , L . Sogere, 2500 ft .

, 71 . Co n s ide r abl e t r ee ,flow e r s w h i te w i t h p i n k flus h 0 11 sepa l s .

E ugenia. merok ensis G r ev es , sp. 11 . A rbuscu la 17 111118 grac il ibus

t eret ibus co r t i c e griseo obtec t is ramul is complanat is bisulcat is co r ti c ebrunneo obt ec t is ; jo l zzs el l ipt icis ap ice acuminat is bas i acut is

10— 15 cm. l o n gi s 4 5 — b""5 c m . lat i s 111 sicco sup ra 1uhr -a nigrescent ibns

n it idis costa i m p r essa subtus pal l idioribus costa et v enis va ldec onspicuis ut rinque glabris v enis 14— 16 c i r ca 5— 13 111111 . i n te r sedis tan t ibus ad 3— 4 111111 . a m a r gi n e dichotomis i ta v enam 111a rgina le111formantibus , pet iolo 5 m m . longo ; fl o1

°ibz1s w ag n i s pauc i s e l ig n ov ete r e o r ti s peduncul is 15 c m . lo n gi s pedicel l is 7—8 111111. l o n gi s ; ca lyc is

2 c m . l o n go ca m pa n u lato lobis rotundatis 15 c m . l o n gi s14 c m . la ti s ; 0 111111 0 cyl indrico 3

— 4 111111 . l o n go ; s lyl o c i r ca 2 5 c m .

l o n go ; bacon (ti de c l . detectoris) fusc o - pu r pu r ea .

Sogere , Meroka, 35 8 . S m a l l t r ee ; f r u it da r k lake .A l l i ed to E . 1leco1°1

°

fl o1°

11 D i e l s , but di ffe r s i n h av i n g la r ge r l eav esd isti n ctly v e i n ed w i t h a w e l l -defined m a rgi n a l v e i n , a n d a m uc hs h o r te r pedu n c l e .

E ugenia Miquel iana, 110 111 . n o v . ( 1711111110 3 11 0 0 11110 118 0 10

S ogere , Mt . Wo r i - wo r i , + 5000 ft . , 720 . G r eat t r ee ; flow e r s 0 11

s temand t h ic k b ra n c h es , g r ee n i s h - w h i te 0 11 di r ty r usset ped ic el s .E ugen ia pergamacea G rev es, ss .p 11 . A 1

°Z10 1° m ag n a ra m is g rac i l ibus t eret ibus co1 ti c e cas ta n eo obtect is ; jo l 113 papyrac eis apic eacuminat is bas i cuneat is 13—18 c m . l o n g i s 6—7 0 111. lati s i n sicco

s up ra brunne is costa e t v en is impressis subtus pal l idioribus costa etv e n is c o nspic uis ut rinque glabris v enis 8— 12 c i r ca 12 c m . i n te r s ed is tan t ibns in terjec t is pa r v i s paulo m i n o r i s valo ris ad venam m a rgin a lum indist inc tam conjunc t is , petio lo 1 c m . lo n ge fie /111 113 111 cym as

110 1 5 1 131 1 11 3 17

l axas bis tricho tomas dispositis ; pedun cu l is 5 — 6 c m . l o n gi s rami scomplanat is 2—41 c m . lo n g is, ped ic e l l is flo r u m i n fe r io r u m + l

'5 CI11 .

l o n gi s florum supe r i o r um fe r e obso le t is ; ca ly/ce'

s l ube i11f1111dil1111if0 1' 111i

5 111111 . l o n g0 lobis late o vat is + 3 111111 . l 11 11gis et lat i s extus 1111110 1 11lat is ; pe t 11l zs 4: a lb i s o vat is + 1 0 11 1 . l o n gi s

,4 1121111 . lati s extus

punc tulat is m a rgi n e undulato ; s taminibus 25 c m . lo n g i s ; 0 0 111 60

tu r bi n ato ; sat/ l o 2 2 lo n ge .

Sogere , M t . Koikoko , 2800 ft .,805 . La rge t r ee ; flow e r s w h i te .

A v e ry d isti n c t spec ies .

E ugenia porphyrocarpa. G r e ves , sp. 11 . A d'bl l S CZ/ l fl 11 1111119 te r e

t ibus no vel lis quadrangularibus co r ti c e brunneo obt ec t is glabriusc u lis ;

f o l iis l i n ea r i - lanceo lat is l o n o' e acu111i11at is bas i ro tundat is ve1 l e v i te i

cordat is 12 27 c m . lo ngi s — 6 c m lat i s ir1 sicco s 1ipi 111 fus co v i1 idi

bus glabris costa et venis impi ess is subtus pal l 1d10 1 1b11s cos ta et

venis conspicuis et pi lo s i s venis + 20, 5

- 20 111 111 . i n te r s e d i sta nt ibus c m . a m a rgi n e dichotomis ita ve 11a111 111a1gi11ale111 fo rma11t ib11s

, pet io lo 4—5 111111 . lo n go pi l oso ; fl m111 118 i111111atu1 is pur

pu r eo - 1oseis (fide c l . detect0 1 is ) v e1 isi111il ite 1 2 3 t elminal ibus peda ncu lat is b

'

1ac t e is 5 1 0 111 . 10 11gisr

2 111 111 111 t 1s l1 110 5 1s , pedunc ul o

1 c m . lo n go ; ca lyczs tuba 1 5 cm. lo n ge i11f 11 11dib111if111 111 i

extus velati n o lobis 4L se m i - el l ipt ic is 5— 7 m m . l o n gi s 1 c m .

lat i s extus velut inis ; s tyl o 5 c m . lo n ge ; 11110 0 11 (fide c l . detectoris)sple n d ide pu r pu r ea .

Sogere , M t . Wo r i -wo r i , + 5000 ft . , 298 . Pe ta l s and sta m e n sw a n t i n g .

Al l i ed to E . ain a l osp erma Laut . K . Schum ., but has a m uc h

la r ge r flow e r and pu r p le f r u i t .E ugenia pt erocalyx G reves , sp. 11 . A rbus cula e r ecta 1 1111111713

ul t imis g1ac il ibus teret ibus co 1 t ice l11 111111eo obtec t is O lahi is ; fo1mse longato lanceo lat is api c e l o n ge acuminatis bas i ac uminat is 20— 25 0 111 .

lo n gis 3—3 5 0 111 . lat i s in sicco sup1a v i1 id ib11s co sta i 111111essa subtus

pa l l idimibus c osta co n s pi c ua ut 1 inque glal nis v en is + 30 et 5—8 111111 .

i n te r se distant ibus 0 11111 ve n a 11111 1ginal i + 2 111111. a ma r gi n e 0 0 11

ju11c t is , pet iolo 1 5—2 c 111 . longo ; fio1 1/1 113 conspicuis so l i1a1 iis ten n i11al ib1is pedunculo + 5 111111 . l o n go ; 1 110 0 18 111110 + 2 5 c m . l o n gotu r b i n ato a lato l obis 7 m m . lo n gi s 5 111111. la t i s ; pew /1

’

s conspic uis

+ 3 0 111 . 10 11gis 12 c m . la t i s ; S im/111155113 + 3 0 111. l o n gi s ; 0 11 11 10

t u1 l1111at0 8 111111 . l (111g0 .

Soge1e , + 2000 ft , 773 . Flmxers lak e - pu r pl e . E r ec t shruh .

A l l i ed to E . nutans K . Sc l111111. , but ( l ifl'

ers in the c h a ra cte r s ofthe calyx .

E ugenia pyrocarpa G r e ves , sp. 11 . A rbor r a m i s te ret ibus co r t icebrun

’

neo te n ue obtec t is glabriuscul is ramul is complanat is h isu lcat is ;'

o l é is el l ipt ic is obtuse acuminat is ba s i cuneat is n it idis c o riaceis

29—33 c m . lo n gi s 1 1— 14 c m . la tis i n sicco s upra hr1111110 scen t il1us

glabris costa i111pressa subtus castaneis costa et venis ul t ra 40 1 1111

spicuis 5 m m . i n te r se distant ibus ad 111111 . a 111111'1gi11e u nijumt isvenis seconda1 iis inconspicuis , pet io lo 1 2 va l ide

flm111 118 subsessil ibus in cym as co m pactas e l ip n o v ete i e d isposit isbrac teis 2 111111 . 10 11gis 2 111m. la ti s ; ( ah/1 13 1 l 2

0 111 lu n go

JOURNAL OF BOTANY , AUG U ST 1923 . [SUPPLEMENT

18 D R . H . O . FORBE S ’ S N E W G UINEA PLANT S

subcyl indrico extus rugoso ; s fyl o c rasso ; bacca (fide c l . detec toris )pal l ide r ub ra .

S ogere , 2000 ft . , 99 . F r u it verv pa l e l i g h t r ed i n bu n c h es o n t h este m .

A l l i ed to E . xyl anflza G r e ves , but d i ffe r s i n t h e co lour and ve n at io nof the l ea ves a n d d i st i n c tly w i n ged pet iol es .

E UGEN IA SCHUMANNIANA co m b . n o v . (Jambosa S ckumannianaN iede n zu

,E . neurocaiyx K . Sc h u m , n o n A . G r ay ) .

hi t . \Vo r i - wo l 'i, + 5000 ft . , 722 .

E ugenia sogerensis G r e ves , sp. 11 . A rbor ramul is grac il ibust eret ibus co r t ic e pal l ide brunneo obtec t is f o l z

'

z

'

s el l ipt icis apiee ac u m in at i s bas i acut is 11—13 c m . l o n gi s 40 5— 6 c m . latis i n sicco s up r a r ub r onigrescent ibus costa i m p r essa subtus pa l l idioribus costa valde co n sp icuautrinque glabris v enis conspicuis 14— 18 c i r ca 4—6 m m . i n te r s edistan t ibus ad 3—1 m m . a m a r gi n e dichotomis i ta venam m a r gi n a le mfo1man tibus , pet iolo 41— 5 111 111 . l o n go ; fl or ibus l — 3 e l i g n o r a m u10 1 11111 ; p eduncul o 1 5

— 2 c m . x 1 2D

111111 . c 1asso 1 11goso ; ca lycis { 1160

1 de m a m 2 c m . lo n go infundibul ifmmi lobis 1 otundat is 1 C111 .

lo n g is 8—15 111 111 . lat i s p eta l is 4 ; ovar io cyl indrico 0 111111 . l o n go .

Sogere, 2000 ft .,372 , 408 . Mt . Wo r i -w o r i , + 5000 ft . ,

A1a1ge o r m ode r ate t r ee ; flow e1s i n bud , r ose - co lou r ed tips to pe tal s ;f1u i t pu1ple .

Ail ied to E . deco) zfl om D i e l s , but diffei s i n h a v i n g m uc h da r ke rl ea ves d i sti n c tly v e i n ed w i t h a p1ominen t 111a1gi11al vei n .

E . BUBALATA R i d ley . Sogere , M t . M erolia, 353 , 399 . S m a l lt r ee . Flow e r s a n d s ta m e n s pu r pl i s h - sca r l et .

E ugenia. xylantha. G r eves , sp. n . A r bor a l ta g rac i l i s ramis et

7 nmu l z'

s valde quadrangularibus et bisulcat is co r t i c e brunneo obtec t is

glab1 iuscul is ; fo l izs 0 1 ato lanceo lat is obtuse acuminatis bas i cuneat isn it idis cmiaceis 26 30 c m . l o n gi s 12 13 c m . lati s in sicco b1 11n 11eis

glabris cos ta sup r a i m p r essa subtus m ax i m e co n spicua v enis ul t r a 201 c m . i n te r s e distan t ibus pagi n a supe r i o r e pa r u m pagi n a inferime

m agi s pe1 sp1cu1s interject is pl 111 ib11s pa11llo mi11o1 is valo1 i s ad 3 5 m m .

a ma r g i n e c u m ve n a int 1ama1gina l i conjunc t is , pet iol o 1 c m . l o n gol e v i te1 alato ; fl mzbus subsessil ibus 111 c vmas l axas e l ig n o ve te1 e o r ti s ;pm

’uncu l zs validis 1 ugosis + 8 c m . longi s 1a1 n i s late1al ibus 2—3 c m .

l o n gi s bum/ms 4 m m . lo n gi s 45—5 111111 . lat is ; ca11/czs iubo 8—10 m m .

l o n go,ca111panulato extus 1 ugoso ; 3 1

./ l o 1 5 c111 . lo11go ; bacca (fidec l . detec toris ) pal l ide r ub ra .

Sogere , 325 . Petal s a n d sta m e n s w a n t i n g .

A l l i ed to E . p ac lzyc l ndw Lan t . , but d ifiei s f1o m i t i n t h e s h o1 te 1'

petio l e, nan ow er l eaf w i t h d i sti n c t 1na1ginal ve i n , 111 0 1 e co m pac t i11

l lorescence, a n d 1ed f1 u it .

Sectio n Syzygium.

E ugenia bibracteata G r e ves , sp. n . A rbor magma ramis te ret ibus

glab1 is ; mmuh s u lt imis tet 1agon is ad n odos ahquanto tnmidis c0 1 t ice

g1 iseo obtect is ; f o l zzs oppo sit i s ovat is api c e 1 otundatis bas i acut is1 1 12 c m . lo n gi s 4 5 c m . lati s 1n sic co su p1a br -unneo v i1 idibus costai m p r essa snh tn s v iridibns c osta c o n spi cua et r obu sta utrinque glabris

v enis inconspicuis c u m vena m a rg i n a l i 1 m m . a m a r gi n e conjuncti


20 DR . H . o . ronnr s’

s NEW GU INEA PLAN T S

l o n go ; fl oribus i n cy m as laxa s bi s t richotomas paniculam fol 11sl ongiorem c o n sti tue n tes disposit is ; p edun cu l is + 2 c m . l o n gi s ;ca lyc is tubo 2- 3 m m . l o n go i n fu n d i bul ifo r m i ; bacca (flde c l . detecto r i s ) v i r id e .

Sogere , Mt . Koikoko , 2500 ft .

, 792 . La r ge t r ee , f r u i t i mmatu r e ;gree n . T h i s spec i m e n h ad o n ly i m pe r fec t fl ow e r s and you n g f rui t s .

Al l i ed to E . syl vana R id ley , but d iff e r s i n t h e s i ze a n d v e n ation of

t h e l eaf .

Sec ti o n E u-E ugenia .

E ugenia. koikokoensis G r ev es , sp. 11 . Arbor sa rme n tosa ramiset ramu l zs grac il ibus t eret ibus co r t i ce griseo obt ect is glabriuscul is ;

f al iz'

s lanceolatis api c e acuminat is bas i cuneat is 7 95 c m . l o n gis—5 c m . lat i s i n sicco sup ra griseo - v iridibus costa im p r essa subtus

v iridibus co sta et v enis conspicuis utrinque glabris v enis 7—8 c i r ca8— 10 mm. i n te r s e distant ibus ad 3—5 m m . a m a rg i n e dichotomis itav enam ma r g i n a le m formant ibus , v ena infima a bas i emissa v enamint ramarginalem tenuem c o n st i tuente , v enis rel iquis inconspicuis

r et i c ulum formant ibus, pet iolo 3— 5 m m . l o n go fl or ibus 3 terminal ibusv el late ral ibus ; p edun cu l is 2 c m . l ongi s ; mfg/02

'

s tubo 1 c m .

l o n go i n fu n d ibu l i fo r m i extus punctulato lobis 4 se n d -el lipt icis 2 m m .

l o n gi s 3 m m . lati s punc tulat is m a rgi n e sca r ioso ; pe ta l is 4 al b i s lateovat is 5 m m . l o n gi s 4 m m . lat i s punc tulat is ma r gi n e sca r io so et

undulato ; s tamim’

bus 1 5 c m . l o n g i s ; ovar io tu r b i n ato ; s t'

z/l o

s ta m i n a supe ra n te .Sogere, Mt . Koikoko, 2500 ft .

, 619 . St raggl i n g t r ee , flow e r sw h i te .

A l l i ed to E .fl avos cen s R idl ey , but h a s longe r a n d n a r r ow e r l eave sw i t h two m a r g i n a l v e i n s , sl e n de r r ou n d pedu n c l es, peta l s n ot ca lypt rate ,a n d r ed s ta m e n s .

E ugenia racemoides G r ev es , sp. n . Ar buscu la ramis et ramu l is

grac il ibus t eret ibus co r ti c e brunneo obt ec t is glabriuscul is ; f o l iz’

s

lanceo lat is obtu se acuminatis bas i cuneat is 8 c m . l o n gi s —4

c m . lati s i n sicc o sup r a v iridibus cos ta i m p r es sa subtus pal lidioribus

cos ta co n sp icua utrinque glabris v enis paul o con spicuis cum v e n ama r gi n a l i 1 m m . a ma r gi n e conjunct is, pet io lo 1 cm. l o n go ;fior ibus i n paniculas elongatas pauc ifloras pseudolat erales dispo sit is ;

peduncu l is 6—8 c m . l o n gi s , pedicel l is florum i n fe r i o r u m —2 c m .

l o n gi s flo r u m supe r io rum fe r e obsolet is ; w ig/0 1'

s iubo 3 mm. l o n gotu r bi n a to lobis 4 se m i - ell ipt icis ; petal is 4 , 3 mm. l o n gi s 34 m m .

l at i s .Sogere , 707 .

A l l i ed to E . dap l moides G r e ves , but d iffe r s in t h e textu r e a n dv e n at io n of the lea ves .

LE CYTHIDACE JE .

Barringtonia. Forbesii Bak . fil . , sp. n . B utom’

ca ) . Arbor al t-a,

f o l iis a l te rn is obl o n go - obo vat is, glabris m a r gi n e integris n e r v i slateral ibus ut rin que 9—12 , la m i n a 10—J~l c m . l o n ga

, 4 c m . lata,petio lo 2 3 c m . lo n go ; fl or ibus l i iediocribus al bi s i n racemos cir c .

POLYPE TALZE 21

30—35 c m . lo n go s disposit is ; pedice l l is c m . l o n gi s ; a labastr z’

s

globosis ; ca lyce c upu l i fo r m i , ca lyc is tubo tu rb i n ato ; pe ta l is 30~35 m m . l o n gis imbricat is c alyce 2—3 - plo longioribus ; s famim

'

bus

numerosissimis mul t iseriatis, antheris pa r v is ; s tyl o longiusculo te n u i ;ovar io 4 - loculari.

Koikoko Ra n ge , 2800 ft . , 803 .

La r ge t r ee ; flow e r s w h i te ; l ea ves oblo n g -o vate , pet io late race m es30—35 c m . lo n g , la x ly flow e r ed ; ped ic e l s + 1 c m . l o n g .

B . f l o ra Laut. difiers in i ts sess i l e flow e r s , a n d B . tetrap tera

Laut. i n i ts two - ce l led o va ry .

M E LASTOMACE ZE .

MELASTO M A MALABATHRICUM L . Sogere, 217 , 825 .

Dissochwta novoguineensis Bak . fi1. , sp. n . D ip l os temones) .F rutex sca n de n s rami s junioribus teret ibus fusco - furfuraceis f o lu

’

s

e l l ipt ic is vel oblo n go - el l ipt ic is subcoriaceis breviter pet iolat is 5 - p l in e r v i i s s up ra 11 ite11t ibus ap ice obtusis bas i ro tundat is

,c osta subtus

p r imu m fus co -fu r fu r acea , la m i n a 5 c m . lo n ga , c m . la ta ,

pet io lo fus co - fu r fu raceo 10— 12 111m. lo n go ; f l or ibus i n paniculamte rmi n a le m amplam disposit is ; bractez

’

s mediocribus 3—4 m m . l o n gi sca lyce in toto 4 m m . l o n go tubo p r i m u m furfu raceo l i m bo t runcatolobis subnudis ; p e ta l is 4 in alabastris + 4 m m . lo n gi s p r i m u m v i r id ia lbis ( sec . c l . detec to r . ) ovat is ap ic e acut is ; s tamin ibus 8 i n s pec im i n ibus nostris v i x evo lut is ; bo cc is subglobosis 5 m m . lo n gi s

,l i m bo

calycis coronat is .

Sogere , Mt. Wo r i -w o r i at about 5000 ft . , 708 , 809 .

MEDIN ILLA TRIPLINE RV IA Cogn . Sogere , 932 , 654 .

M . M ACROCARPA B l . Sogere , Mero ka, 4 79 . Koikoko Ra n ge,

25 00 ft . , 786 . La r ge s h r ub ; f r u i t sca r let- pu r ple . Sogere, 940, 423 ,

303 . T ra i l i n g s h r ub flow e r s r ic h r o se - pi n k .

M.FO RBE S I I Bak . fil . i n T r a n s . Li n n . Soc . , Bot . se r . 2 , i x . 5 5 .

M eroka Ra n ge , 2500 f t . , 895 . C l i m be r ; flow e r s p i n k - sca r l et . Mt .Wo r i -wo r i , 5 000 ft . , 75 7 . S m a l l t r ee o r t ra i l i n g s h r ub ; flow e rs r osep i n k sta m e n s pal e yel low .

M. SO GE RE N SIS Bah . fil . op . cs . 56 . Sogere, 3000 ft . , 305 . La r ge

s t raggl i n g s h rub ; flow e r s r ose - pi n k o r r edd i s h pu r pl e ; cal y c es pe rs i ste n t ; f r u i t n e r vatu r e co ve r ed w i t h w h i te s i lv e ry h a i r s . Mt . Koikoko ,

3000 ft .

, 596 .

Astronia'

arborea Bak . fil . , sp. n . A rbor al ta ( sec . c l . detecto r . )ad A . f orrwgz

’

neam E l m e r va lde accedens ; ramis teret ibus c o r t i c e

griseo tect is fol ié s majuscul is'

13—16 c m . lo n g . c m , la t .e l l ipt icis vel obl o n go

- oh lan cco lat 1s 3 - 11erv iis m a n ifes te disco lorihus

s up r a nitent ibus subtus insign iter r ub r o - brunnco -

pnbescent ihus api c esubacut is bas i c uneat is pet io lo m ed ioc r i 1—3 c m . lo n g . prze dit is ;

fl or ibus i n pan ieulas med ioc r es disposit is ; bra r/e is parviusc ul is v e lmediocribus de n se fe r r ugi n eo -pubescen t ibus ; ca lf/0 1

'

s tubo + 5 m m .

l o n g.ca m pa n u lato extus de n se fe r r ugi n eo - pubesce n te dent ibus + 1 111111 .

l o n g. ; p e ta l is 5 suborbiculari-obo vat is in speci111i11ibus nos tris v i x

evolut is ; f r ucz‘uf subgloboso .

Koikoko Ra n ge , 806 . A tal l t r ee loa ves s h i n i n g above,co ve r ed

be low w i t h a r edd i s h - b r ow n pubcsc cnee ; flow e r s ( i n o u r specunen

22 11 11 . H . o . r omms ’


o n ly i n bud ) w h i te i n pa n i c le s , r h ac h i s a n d ped ic el s co ve r ed w i t hb r ow n i s h red- pubesce n ce .Man iac i w x CONOCARPA Laut . K . Sc h u m . ex desc r ipt . Sogere,

407 .

Su rrnacmz.

Casearia sogerensis Bak . fl l . , sp. 11 . A rbor ; ramul is pubesc eut ibus f ol iis oblo n go - lanceo lat is apice acuminat is apic e i pso obtusis

bas i tr uncatis ve l late cuneat is subtus pubescent ibus n e r v i s lateral ibus

pronn nent ibus arcuat is ut rinque 8—10 , la m i n a 18— 20 c m . l o n ga ,6 c m . lata , pet io l is 3—4 m m . lo n gi s ; fl or ibus axil laribus viridibus

pedicel lat is ; ca lyce pe n ta m e r o i n to to + 5 m m . l o n go , lobis o vatolanceo lat is s taminzbus 10 filamen tis pubescent ibus ; an ther is pa r v i s

f ; aciu pa l l ide v i1 idi pu1pu1 eo m ac u lato + 2 5 m m . lo n go angulato .

Soger ,e 2000 ft 37 T 1 ee ; flow e1 s g1eenish w h i te ; frui t pal eg1 ee n ; pu1pl ish m a r k i n gs o n flow ei s a n d f1 u it . A l l i ed to C . cinerea

Tu1 e z . a n d 0 . con temmmM iq .

BEGON IACEE .

BE GON IA SO G E R E N SIS R id l ey i n Jou r n . Bot . l i i . 289Sogere, 157 , 261 , 444 . Mt . M eroka,

890 . Flow e r s w h ite o r g r ee n i s h

ARAL IACEE .

SCHEFFLERA FORBE SI I R id ley , op . cit . 290 . Sogere, Mt . Wo r iw o r i , 5000 ft .

, 297 . Mode r ate t r ee ; flow e r s pu r pl e - pi n k .

S . B RACTE SCE N S R i dl ey , l . o. Sogere , 2500 ft . , 4 7 . S m a l l t r ee .

Sogere, 300 ft . , 1 15 .

Polyscias Forbesii Bak . fil . , sp. 11 . Sp ecies ad P . n odosamSee m .

accedens . A r bor f o l z'

is elongat is glabris 40—50 c m . lo n gi smul t ijugis , f o l io l is numerosis lanceo lat is ve l oblo n go - lanceolat is m a rgi n e c r e n ato - serrat is apicem ve r su s at te nuat is apic e i pso obtusis bas ilate cuneat is pet io lulat is, la m i n a 8 c m . l o n ga , 16—20 m m . la ta ,pet io lul is 3

—4 m m . l o n gi s ; infl orescem‘ia 16—20 c m . l o n ga fol iis sub

duplo breviore , umbel lul is racemosis numerosis r a m i s lateral ibus 1719 m m . lo n gi s ; fio7

°ibus ignot is ; 71777be l lu l arum pedice l l is 7— 12

st rict is puberul is 4—5 m m . l o n g i s ; f rucm3 - loculari i n sicco nigres

ce n te subgloboso 3—4 m m . dia m .

, s fg/Zz'

s 3 dist inct is demum r ecu r vo

pat entibus .

Sogere , 45 2 .

E SCHWE ILE RIA SE S S I LI FLORA , co m b . nov . (B oer lagz’

odendro n

se sszlr’

fl orum Mt . G aw ada , 4500 ft . ,58 1 . Tall t r ee ; f ru i t

f r o m g r ee n to lake - pu r p le .E . NOV OGUINE E N SIS Boerlage . Sogere, 915 . MerokaM t . ,

2500 ft

Leaves pa l m ate , appa r e n t l y 7 - lobed f r u i t b r oad ly ovo id , glab r ous ,9—10 - cel led , r i bbed , pedi ce l s 10—14 m m . lo n g . D iff e r s f r o m E . Lau

z‘e rbo cbii Ha r m s i n t h e u m bel n ot be i n g subracemose .

E schw eil eria gaw adensis Bak . fil . , sp. n . Ar b0 7 ve l fi utex ? ;

ramis co r ti c e lut escente obtec t is ; s fip ul zs acut is ; f o l iis papyraceis heteromorphis , l a m i n a 20—27 c m . lo n ga et la ta saepius palmat i m p r ofu n de 3—5 - l obata , lobis apiee acuminat is m a rgi n e serrat is ,pet iolo s u pe r n e canal iculato 15—17 c m . l o n go ; umbe l l is co m po


24 DR . 11 . O . FORBE S ’ S N E W GU INEA PLANT S

Xaxrnorn r'

rum PAPUANUM We ra h . op . cit . 70 . Mt . Wo r i -w o r i ,5000 ft .

,769 .

OLDENLANDIA HE YS E I G . D O11 . Sogere , 3000 ft . , 2 7 .

Mussmxna 111.1c11 11 1v '

r11A Va l et . Sogere, 1960- 2500 ft . , 30

2 07 .

T h e spec i m e n s, w h ic h are w i t h out flow e r s , w e r e see n by Valeton , w ho

ide n t ifi ed t h e m a s above , t h o ug h i n t h e abse n c e of flow e r s n atu ra l lyw i t h so m e doubt .M . SCRAT CHL EYI Wernh . op . cit . 70 . Sogere, 5 .

— M . PEBRUann ex K . Sc h u m . Bos i bosi, s i 11e n o .

Mussaenda Forbesii Weinh . MS . i n He r b . Mus . B r i t . , sp. n .

F ruz‘cx ; ramu l is ul t imis al iquan tulum complanat is pube h irsutula

indut is deinde glabrescen t ibus ; f o l iis a m pl i s ( usque 20 x 8 5 c m . )

pe t io lat is (pet . 1—4 c m . l o n g . ) oblo n go - ovat is acuminat is apic eobtusis bas i late rotundat is (saepe i n pet iolum sub ito angustat is)111e111b1n1naceis pag . sup . lae te v iridibus spa r s i m puberul is pag. i n f .deco loribus i n c os t i s costul isque a l bo -pubescen t ibus costi s lateral ibusutrinque 8

— 10 ape r te arcuat is r e ti cu lo sublaxo ; s t ipu l is t riangularibusacut is do rso hirsutul is 5 —6 m m . l o n g . cymis foliis brevioribus (u sque8 c m . l o n g . ) bi s - trichotomis pauc ifloris floribus sessil ibus brev iterve

pedice l lat is ; ovario hirsut ulo 8 — 10 m m . l o n g . fe re 2 m m . lat ; ca lycis

segmen t is l i n ea r i - subulat is h irsutul is + 5 m m . l o n g . seg m e n to fo l iaceosubo rbic ulari 7 - 11e r v i 4 c m . lat . v erisimil iter d i l u te flavo ungui c i r ca2 c m . l o n g . insiden te ; cor o l l a? tubo supe r n e pau l lo d i l ata to extus

appresse hirsutulo i n al abast r o c i r ca 3 c m . l o n g . lobis lanceo lat is

ac uminat is i n alabas t r o so l u m v isis et tune c i r ca 7 111 111 . l o n g . ; S ipl o

glab r o verisi111i| it er c i r c i te r 4 c m . l o n g .

B os i - bos i , s i n e no .

A ve ry d is t i n c t spec i es . T h e spe c i m e n , t h oug h not a good o n e,

s ee m s sufl ic ien t ly good to wa r ra n t desc r iptio n .

LL'

C INJE A Fo nlzlasu “’ernh . op . c it . 7 1 . Mt . Wo r i -w o r i

, + 5000 ft . ,

UROPHYLLUM BRIT ANNH‘UM “’

ernh . 0p . cit . 72 . Mts . Koikoko

a n d Meroka , 248 , 330 , 346 , 366 , 60 1 , 627 , 787, 930 .

G O ULD IA PAPUANA Wernh . op . cit . 129 . Sogere 442 .

TA R E NNA Wernh . op . Mt . Wo r i - w o r i,

+ 5000 ft . , 728 . Ko ikoko Ra n ges , 2800 ft . , 807 .

l t AN DJA ANISO PU YLLO ID E S Wernh . op . cit . 74 . Sogere , 626 .

R . 11 0 11 7126m Wernh . op . cit . 74 . Sogere, 2800 ft 89 , 180 .

G A RD E N l A G J E LLE RUPII Valet . Sogo r e , 467 . Refe r r ed h e r e byValeto n w i t h so m e doubt .

— G .

'

rnorw ocanra Wernh . op . c it . 75

Mt . W' o r i - w o r i,

ft . 738 ,l26 .

T IMU NIU S ico iuo k mms V Ve 1 11h . op . cit . 130 . Mt . Koikoko

,

3000 5 93 .

— T . We1 1111 . op . cit . 13 1. Sogere ,200 0 ft . , 386 SI S We 1 11h . op . c i t . Sogere , 175 0 ft .

,

Mt . M r: S E RIC E US K. Sc h u m . va r . TOM ENTO SAVa l et . Soge 1 e , 200 0 ft . , 12 . Wernh . Sogere , 770Spec i m e n i n co m plete ; p r obab ly a var . of t h i s D utc h N ew G u i n easpec ies .

CAN '

I‘

IIH'

M S . Moo r e , co m b . no v . (B l oc/roomco ndo /a

V al et . ) Ko iko ko Ra n ge . 250 0 f t .

, 798 . M t . Mero lca,250 0 ft .

, 8 89 .

S m a l l t r ee w i t h g r ee n f r u i t .

GAMOPE TALZE 25

CanthiumVal etonianumS . Moore , sp. n . Arbuscu la ramu l is subt eret ibus be n e fo l iosis co r t i ce c i n e r eo c ircumdat is ; f o l iis

'

la n c eolatooblongis ve l oblo n go -oblanceolat is breviter acuminat is ap i c e obtusis

(acumine c i r ca 7 x 25 m m . ) bas i i n pet iolum 2—3 mm. lo n g . cuneat imcoarc tat is membranaceis glabris i n sicco griseolo - v iridibus 8—10 x 3—4

cm. cost i s lateral ibus tenuibus utrinque 5 pag . i n f . prominent ibussaepe i n axilh s do m atia m i n uta fovent ibus r e t i c u lo h aud v i s i bi l i ;s t ipu l is fugaceis a bas i l ata l inearibus glabris usque 7 m m . l o n g ;

fl or ibus i n fasciculos sess i les perpauc ifloros dispositis ; p edice l l is

qua m pet io los paul lulum longioribus (3—4 m m . l o n g . ) bas i bracteol isminut is stipat is ; o var io subgloboso glab r o 1 2 5 mm. lo n g ; ca lycis

l i m bo ‘4 m m . l o n g ., m i n ute 5 -de11tato ; coro l la? tubo extus glab r o

i n tus albo - pubesc e n te o r e v i l loso 5 mm. l o n g . le h i s o vato -oblongis

obtusis vel obtusiuscul is i m a bas i ex e m pta glabris 3 m m . l o n g ;

an ther is sessil ibus o r i ipso insert is o vat is obtusis aegre 1 m m . l o n g ;

s t‘i/l o glab r o 6 m m . lo n g ; st igmate pe l tato breviter exserto

‘

1'

5 m m .

dia m .

Sogere , 2500 ft .,61 . Flow e r s g r ee n i s h yel l ow .

Valeton (Nov . G u i n . v i i i . 477 ) m e n ti o n s t h i s Fo r bes spec i m e n a sp r obably r efe rab le to P l ectron ia bar ba ta K . Sc h u m . (Can tbizunbarba tmn a Poly n es ia n spec i es w i t h l ea ves w h i c h d ry bla ck

,

pedu n c led inflorescences, a n d co r o l las w i t h a co n s ide rably lo n ge r t ub ea m o n g i ts c h i ef pec u l ia r i ti es . He w as appa r e n tly l ed to t h i s byn ot i n g t h at Sc h u m a n n (Fl . D eutsc h . Schutzgeb. 569 ) gi ve s t h i s pla n tfo r N .E . N ew G u i n ea ; but t h i s , as r ep r ese n ted i n t h e B r it is hMuseu m (L au tcrbach 873 , acco r d i n g to Sc h u m a n n do es n o ttu r n b lac k i n d ry i n g , and has s m al l flow e r s i n sess i l e fas c i c l es

,t h u s

being'

eviden t ly conspeciflc w it h O. Va lc ton iammn,a l t h oug h i t s

so m ew h at b r oade r lea ves ofte n r eac h 5 c m . i n w idt h . F r o m the fac tof E aste r n Aust ral i a be i n g i n c l uded by Sc h u m a n n w i t h i n t h e dist ribut ion a r ea of P . barbaric , he w ou ld appea r to h a ve r ega rded t heAust ral ia n 0 . copr osmoidcs F . Muel l . a s u n w o r t h y of spec i fic ra n k ;but , as B e n t h a m (Fl . Aust ral . i i i . 422 ) has s h ow n , w i t h out goodr easo n . T h e Aust r a l ia n pla n t , i t m ay be added , d r i es blac k , and

al t h oug h i ts fasc i c les a r e se ss i l e , t h e co r ol la s a r e m uc h la r ge r t h a nt h ose of C. Va l c ion ian zmn . Valeton (Ic . Bogo r . i i . tab . cx l i v ) fi gu r e sa n d de sc r i be s a va r . keg/cmis of P . bar ba to f r o m Ke i i s la n d whi c h

,

h ow e ve r , i s d i ffe r e n t i n se ve ra l po i n ts f r o m 0 . Vo l c ton [ 717777 777.

PAVETTA TARE NNIXORA Wernh . (op . cit . Sogere , 454 .

MOR INDA LE PTOCALAMAWe ra h . op . cit . 77 . Mt . Gawada, 4000 ft .

Morinda triandra S . Moo r e , sp. n . E r o t ic : sca n de n s, glabe l

.

r ain /

7710 u n i co sc r utato be n e fo l ioso st riatulo c o r t ic e c i n e r eo eircu111dato

f otiis brevipet io lat is (pet . + 5 111111 . l o n g . ) oblongoJanceoh t is ac u m in ati s ap i c e acutis ba s i obtusis tenuiter coriac eis 7—12 x —4 c m . n it idis

i n sicco pag . sup. fasc i s pag . i n f . g r ise is costi s lateral ibus utrinque 5—6

asce n de n ti -arcuat is utrobique sa t perspicuis jtor ibus (a n n e s e111pe r ? )unisexual ibus ad apicem ram ul i i n umbel lam 6 - erura111 digest is

c ruribus qua m fol ia m ul to brev ioribus ( fo r e 2 cm. l o n g . ) quoque l lorost re s capitulatim confluen tes fulc icnte ; ca lf/cc cupu lari t runcato c i rca1 111111 . a l t . ; caro l /( c rotatzc tubo b r ev i i n t us v i l loso S ilpcrne l e v iss i m a

v

.

H

!

26 DR . 11 . o . F ORE E s’

s N E W GU INEA PLANT S

a m pl ia to v ix 2 111 111 . l o n g . lobis o vato -Oblongis obtusis i n tus v il losis4 mm. l o n g . ; s ta 777i7i ibeis 3 fauc ibus insertis filamentis brevibus

an theris obtusis 25 111111 . lo n g . ; s tyl o 0 .

Sogere , 4 8 7 .

T h i s pla n t i s pecul ia r in its u n i s ex ual t r i m e r ous flowe r s ; t h e l atte rpecul ia r i ty i t s h a r es w i th t h e Sa n dw i c h I s la n ds M . tr imcm Hil lebr.

T h e flow e r s of M orincla a r e occasiona l ly u n is ex ua l , a n d t h at mayw el l be t h e case h e r e , al t h o ug h fou r flowe r s w e r e e xa m i n ed w i t h ou ty i e ld i n g s ig n of o vu les o r of a s tyl e . In se ve ra l r espects III. tr ianclra

i s n ot u n l i ke l lI. p olyneura M iq .

Psvcuornm BE CCARIO ID E S Wernh . op . c it . 132 . Sogere, 3000 ft . ,

3 16 .

— P . B E CCARII K . Sc h u m . Sogere , 2500 ft . , 176, 199 .

— P . GA

WADAC E PIIAE LIS Wernh . op . cit . 133 . Mt . Gawada , 4500 ft . , 5 13 .

P . R E SURRE CI‘A Wernh . op . cit . 133 . Mt . Wo r i - wo r i , 5000 ft . , 71 1 ,

740 . Mt . G aw ada , 3000 ft . , 8 69 .

Psychotria exsculpt a S . Moo r e , sp. 11 . F rutex omnimodo glabe r ;ramul is compressis striat is pal l idis ad n odos al iquan to tumidis f o l iis8 — 1 1 x —3 c m . oblo n go - lanceolat is acuminat is (acumine c i r ca 7 m m .

l o n g . ) api ce obtusis bas i in pet iolum 6— 10 111m. l o n g . cuneat im a i1

gustat is coriaceis in sicco flavo -v iridibus subtus pal lidioribus costi slateral ibus u trinque 12 pag . s up . impressis pag . i n f . Opti m e exsculpt isr e t iculo pag . sup. a r c to pag . inf . zegre aspectabili ; s t ipul is lanceo latis

acuminat is usque 10 m m . l o n g . ; fl or ibus subsessil ibus vel b r e v i

pedicel lat is in paniculas cymosas pedu n culatas (ped .—4 c m . ) laxas

mul t ifloras fol iis c i r ca aequilongas (8 x 10 c m . ) digest is ; bractc issubulat is pl erisque

— 4 m m . l o n g. ; ocar io tu r bi n ato 1 5 m m . l o n g .

v el paul lulum breviori ; ca lyce 1 m m . l o n g . dent ibus 5 brevibus

de l toideis acut is ; corol la lactea v ix pa n sa 4 m m . lo n g . lobis oblongis

acut is ap ic e inflexis tubo aequilongis tubo j uxta m ed i u m pul v inis

5 i n duto ; an theris oblongis 1 5 m m . lo n g . ; bacca pa r va globosac alyce pe r s i s te n te co r o n ata v i va satu r ate v i r id i s i cca b ru n n ea a l te

pauc isulcata 4 x 4 m m . seminibzis do r so subobscu r e obtuse 3 -costatis

ve n t r e fe r e planis a l bu m i n e fusco ca r n o so aequabili praedit is .

Mt . Meroka, 365 a .

T h is m ust be n ea r P . amp l it liyrsa V al et , of w h ich n o spec i m e n11as been see n . T h e c h i ef d i ffe r e n c es l i e i n t h e s h o r te r f r ee ( n o tco n n ate ) St i pul e s Of t h e new pla n t, i ts m uc h s h o r te r a n d s h o r te rpedu n c l ed inflorescences, t h e co ro l las w i t h tube n o lo n ge r t h a n t h elobes

,a n d t h e la r ge r globose f r u i t .

P . Gr zunil ca.) CORN IFE R We ra h . op . c it . 134 . Sogere , 2500 ft .,

136 .

— P . ( G . ) SCRATCHLE YI Wernh . op . cit . 134 . Sogere, w i t h outn umbe r . — P. ( G . ) SOGE RE N SIS Wernh . op . cit . 135 . Sogere, 465 .

P . ( G . ) D IRE PTA Wernh . op . cit . 135 . Sogere, 2500 ft . , 49 .

P . M ONTANA B l . var . G BACTLLIMA Wernh . op . c it . 135 . Sogere,

2500 ft . , 37 , 38 . Wernham suggests t h at t h i s m ay be a new spec ie s .I t i s c e r ta i n ly n ot a var. of P . 7770 77 17 77777 BL, j udgi n g f r o m t h e seeds ,w h i c h a r e 4 - 1

' ibbed at back , w h i l e t h ose of 7770 77 17 77777 h av e but o n edo r sa l r i b . I n t h e abse n ce of flowe r s i t i s i m poss ibl e to p r oceedfu r t h e r w i t h t h e mate r ial at h a n d .

G E OP l l l LA H ERBACEA K . Sc h u m . Sogere, 1750—2000 ft . , 280,

- 0


28 D R. 11 . O . FO it BE s’

s NEW G U INEA PLANTS

oblo n g - obo vate ; a l so apparent l v NO . 523 w i t h v e ry you n g inflorescene e .

AD E NO ST EMM A v rscosun Fo r st . Sogere, 858 , 866 .

S IEG E SB ECK IA OR IENTAL I S L. Sogere , 2000 ft ., 14 1 .

G OOD E NIACE E .

SCE VOLA LAUTE RBACHIANA K . Krause . Sogere , 2000 ft . , 361 .

T h is i s p r obab ly t h e “ S cae vol a opposit if o l ia Roxb . of Muel le r ’ sD esc r ipt . Notes o n Papua n Pl . i x . 63 .

— S . FORBESI I K . K rause inPflanzenreich , Monog. G ood . 133 . Sogere , 1800 ft 952 .

VACCINIACE E .

CATANTHE RA LYSIPE TALA F . Muel l . i n Jou r n . Bot . xx i v . 289Sogere , Mt . Gawada + 5000 ft . , 4 19 , 45 1 .

D IMORPHANTHE RA FORBE SH F . Muel l . D escr . No tes Papua nPl . i x . 63 Mt . Wo r i -wo r i , + 5000 ft . , 296, 768 .

D . M OOBHOUSIANA F . Mue l l . Sogere, 3000 ft . , 764 . KOikOkO

Ra n ge , 2500 ft . , 784 .

MYRSINACE E .

Maesa sogerensis S . Moo r e , sp. n . A r buscula glab r a ; ramu l issat grac il ibus fo l iosis lent icelh s permul t is prominent ibus signat is ;

f o l iis Oblo n go - Obovat is acuminat is api ce i pso obtusis ba s i i n pet iolumc i r ca 5 m m . l o n g . at tenuat is m a rgi n e in t egris undulat isve m e m b ramac ei s pag . ut raque Opac is l ineis nerv il l iformibus c r eb r o percursis

pleraque 7— 11 x c m . racemis axil laribus simpl ic ibus ve l i m a

bas i so lum ramosis fo l iis m u lto brev ioribus ( i—l c m . lo n g ) ; bracteisbracteol isque subulat is c i r ca ' 5 m m . lo n g ; pedice l l is robust is 1 m m .

l o n g . ca lycis segment is ovat is obtusissimis m a r gi n e m i n ute crenulat isde n se r ub ro - l ineat is

' 6 m m . l o n g . ; coro l la m ed iu m u sque div isae1 5 m m . l o n g . lobis suborbicularibus d i lute aurant iac is l ineis rubris

radiant ibus e lega n te r percursis s tamin ibas sat a l te insert is antheris

o vat is obtusissun is'

5 m m . l o n g . filament is c i r ca aequilongis ; ovar io

a n guste o vo ideo stylo abb r e v iato i n cu r vo l e v i co r o n ato .

Sogere , 2850 f t . , 1 74 .

C l ose to M . s tr ia ta Mez ; d iffe r e n t in ter a l ia i n t h e inflorescences s i m pl e exc ept at t h e v e ry bas e , t h e s m a l le r o r a n ge - co lou r edflowe r s o n s h o r t stou t pedi c el s a n d t h e n a r r ow e r s m oot h o va ry w i ths m oot h sty le .M . RUBEN S S . Moo r e i n Jou r n . Bot . l i i . 291 Sogere , 90 .

Ardisia (§Akosmos) t ristanioides S . Moo r e , sp. n . F rutex

e r ec tu s,glabe r ; r amu l is subteret ibus co r t i c e fusco -brunneo Obduct is ;

f o l l is breviter val ideque pet io lat is ( pet . c i r ca 5 m m . l o n g . ) lanceolat is g radati m acuminat is ap ice obtusns bas i obtusis t enuit er coriaceis

ut robique n igropunctat is minut issimeque lepidot is 10— 15 x 3- 4 c m .

c ostis late ral ibus plurimis m a r gi n e m ve r su s arcuat is v elut r et i cul u mmedioc rit er eminent ibus ; infl oresccn t iis axil laribus (nonnunquamex t ra -axil laribus ) sat lo n ge pedunculat is (ped . 3—7 c m . l o n g . ) qua mfol ia se e

pius brevioribus laxe pauc ifloris floribus longipedicel lat is

( pedice l l is 1 c m . l o n g . ) secu s ra m os racemosim ordinat is ; ca lycis

u l t ra m ed i u m d i v i s i segment is la te oblongis obtusissimis m a rgi n e

GAMOPE'

I‘ALE 29

cil iolat is nigropunctat is 1 m m . l o n g ; coro l la? fe r e usqu e bas i n lobataelobis o vatis obtusis c r eb r o punc tat is fe r e 4 m m . l o n g ; an ther is fila

m e n ti s 1 m m . l o n g . insident ibus sagit tulat is apiculat is 2 5 m m . lo n g ;

ovar io 1 m m . styl o 2 m m . l o n g . ; drupa globosa cocc i n ea n ig r opu n c tata 5—6 m m . d ia m .

Sogere, 2000 ft . , 38 1 .

Appa r e n t ly n ea r t h e Java n A . l cc viqata Bl . , d i ffe r i n g i n t h efol iage

,s m a l l flow e r s , &c . Nos . 255 a n d 690

,bot h flower-less , m os t

p robably belo n g h e r e .A . SQUARRO SA Mez i n Pflanzenreich , Monog. Myrs . 110 . Meroka,

363 . Mt . G aw ada , 5000 ft . , 548 .

A . FORBE SI I S . Moo r e , op . c it . 291 . Sogere , 120 , 335 , 35 1 , 483 ,

656 . Nos . 670 f r o m Mt . KO ikOkO , 3000 f t .

,and 695 f r o m E i r a

R i ve r , Sogere , 1750 ft . , a r e p r obably t h i s i n f r u i t .A . VENU STA S . Moo r e , op . cit . 292 . Sogere, 54 , 118 , 364 , 490 ,

665 , 791 .

Conandrium Forbesu S . Moo r e , sp. n . A rbuscu la vel f rutexamplus , glabe r ; ramu l is subteret ibus sat c r eb r o fol iosis co r t i ce griseoObduc t is ; f o l iis oblanceolatis ve l la n c eo lato - Oblongis ac uminat is api c eobtusis ba s i i n pet iolum crassiusculum + 6 mm. l o n g . at tenuat is

papyraceis pag . utraque punctis magnis m a x i m e perspicuis omn imodosignat is pal l ide nit idis c m . costa m ed ia sup r a inseulptasubtus e m i n e n te co sti s lateralibus plurimis ut i r et i c ul u m sat densumutrinque prominent ibus infl orescen t iis terminal ibus laxissimis u sque10 x 10 c m . ; pedicel l is + 1 c m . l o n g . c i to recurvis s ub fiatc tu e lo ngat i s ; ca lyc is segment is dex t r o r s u m Obtegent ibus suborbicularibus

m a r gi n e c il io latO -crenulatis m a r g i n e exempt o n i g r o -punetat is 1 m m .

l o n g ; coro l l a? satu rate purpureae lobis bas i connat is ovat is obtusis

pe r spi cue punctat is 2 5 m m . l o n g . (adhuc h aud pansis ) ; an ther is

connat is ap ic e l iberis i n fe r n e do r so tubercul is n ig r i s confluen t ibus

o n u sto supe r n e glab r o 1 5 m m . l o n g .

Mt . Koikoko ,3000 ft . 597 .

T h i s see m s d i ffe r e n t f r o m , al t h oug h c e r ta i n ly c losel y a l l i ed to ,a p o lyan t lzum Mez , w h i c h , accord i n g to t he figu r e and desc r i pti o n ,has la r ge r l eav es tube r cu la r - pu n c tu la t e upo n t h e u n d e r s ide , l o n ge r lel a x inflorescences , la r ge r flow e r s a n d a n t h ers w i t h scatte r ed ( n o t co nfl ue n t) tube r c l e s ou t h e back .

A Sogere (2000 ft . ) spec i m e n , N O . 554 , w i t h s h o r te r a n d few e rflow e r ed inflorescences i s c o n spec i fi c ; as al s o i s p r obabl y NO . 205 ,

w i t h out flow e r s,but bea r i n g bl ue - blac k f r u i ts 10 mm. i n d ia m ete r

bo r n e o n pu r pl e - red ped icel s someti m es r eac h i n g 15 m m . i n l e n gt h .

Discocalyx confe r ta S . Moo r e , sp. n . V ir/ex e r ec tu s verisimil i te r polyga m us vel d i o i c us ramul is robust is tere t ibus longit rorsumstriat is fusco -brunneis 4—5 m m . d ia m . f bl iis brev ipet io lat is o vat is

brev iter acuminat is apic e obtusis bas i obtusis tenuiter c oriace is glabriscost i s lateral ibus utrinque c i r ca 12 supra impressis subtus eminen t ibnspag . ut ia v is medioc riter v isibil ibus l 4—17 x 6 '5 c m . ; fl or ibus

4 - m e r is breviter pedicel lat is i n racemos valde abbreviatos pseu dote r m i n al es v ix omnino glab r os 1 c m . ve l paul lulum u l tra l o n g .

digestis ; brac tcis l inearibus c i to dec iduis c i r ca 15 c m . l o ng ; p edi.

cc l l is crassiuscul is glabris 2 m m . l o n g ; ca lycis a n guste campginu.

30 D R. 1l . 0 . FORBE S 'S N EW GU INEA PLANT S

l at i 2 m m . l o n g . segment is pe r an thes in apert is del toideis.

obtusiusc ul i s m a r g i n e n ud i s pe r s pi c u e gla n d u lo so -

punc tat is v i x 1 m m . l o n g ;

coro l l a; pau l lo u lt r a m ed i u m d ivisae 4 m m . l o n g . lobis aest ivat ione

l e v i te r d ext r o r su m Obt egen t ibus oblongis obtusis apic e pauc ipnnctatis ; s tamin ibas inc lusis j ux ta bas i n lobis insert is subquadrat is‘6 mm. lo n g . filament is aequilongis ; ovar io s 1

‘l c rassiusculo

1 5 m m . lo n g .

Sogere , 1750 ft . , 614 .

T h e ve ry s h o r t r ac e m es of co n gested flow e r s a n d t h e n o n - s es s i l ea n t h e r s , a l t h oug h c u r ious featu r es , a r e n ot Of suflic ient i m po r ta n c e tow a r ra n t a s pec ia l ge n us fo r t h i s pla n t .Mos t p r obably to be r efe r r ed h e r e i s NO . 135 (Sogere, 2500 ft . )

w i th o vate - la n c eo late , ac ute , 13— l 6 x 4°5 lea ves a n d globula r

r i bbed f r u its 4 mm. i n d ia m ete r .Nos . 202 a n d 256, a l so f r o m Sogere , a r e p r obably co n ge n e r i c .

T h ese h a ve la r ge , pape ry , la n c eo la te , ac u m i n ate , up to c m .

l ea ves and st r o n gly r i bbed pu r ple - r ed f rui ts m easu r i n g 8 m m . ac r oss .A lmos t a l l t h e spec ie s of D iscoca lyx a r e n at i ves of t h e P h i l i ppi n eI s la n ds ; t h e o n e des c r ibed abo ve w oul d see m to be t h e fi r s t f r o mNew G ui n ea .

SAPOTACE ZE .

Sideroxylon Forbesii S . Moo r e,sp. n . A -

rbusczi la , ramis subtet ra

gon is mox puberul is ; f o l iis sat longipet iolat is (pet . sup r a late ca n al iculat is 35 c m . l o n g . ) o vate - oblongis obtusissimis n i s i retusis b r e v iterve cuspidatis bas i obtusis tenuiter coriaceis pag . utrav is glabris

pal lideque nit idis 12—19 x —9 c m . costi s lateral ibus ut rinque 20 in

terval lis i n te r s e se saepissime 7— 9 m m . u ti r e t i cul u m be n e v isibilibus

f’

ascica l is exaxil laribus plurifloris floribus 6— 7- m e r i s ; p edice l l i st enuibus ; lz6 m m . l o n g . ut i ca lyx subt il issime fu l v i s ; a labas to' is

c rudis so l u m cognit is dep r esse globosis 2 5 m m . d ia m . ; cu lpeis segm e n t i s suborbicularibus obtusis ; cor ol l cc lobis o vat is obtusis sta m in ibus subsessil ibus sagit tulat is ap ic e breviter appendieulat is ; s tamin otl iis tiliformibus quam an therae brevioribus ; o var io dep r es so v i l losulo ; s tyl o glab r o .

Mt . Wo r i -w o r i , + 5000 ft . , 756 .

F r o m S . n ovo-

ga iiieense K . Sc h um . t h i s i s k n ow n by t h e la r ge rl ea ves w i t h m o r e n ume r ous a n d c lo se r - placed late r a l n e r ves ; a lsoin ter a l ia by t h e lo n ge r ped ic e l s to t h e flow e r s . S . If ae rnbaclzianzimE ng] . i s i n so m e r espec ts m o r e l i ke i t i n fo l iage , but t h e leaves are

desc r i bed as bei n g cu n eately n a r r ow ed f r o m t h e m iddle , a n d t h eysta n d o n a m uc h s h o r te r sta l k .

E BE NACE ZE .

D IO SPYRO S PAPUANA Valet . Sogere , 3000 ft . , 276 . A g r eatt r ee f r ui t w h i te w i t h a t i n ge Of g r ee n . (Dete r m i n ed by M r . Hiern . )

S rM P1.OCAOE 1E .

SY M PLOCO S S OG E RE NSIS B r a n d in Pflanzenreich , Monog. Sy m pl‘.

49 . Sogere, 1650 f t . , 652 .


32 1111. O . FonnE s’


fol ia m ul to brev ior s'ibu ; p cdzmcul is + 1 c m . l o n g , sub fruc tu c i r ca

u sque 2 c m . elongat is ; bracte is subulat is 1 1 5 111 111. l o n g . pedi ce l l is

2 111m. lo n g . ca lycis 2 m m . l o n g . segmentis t 1 iangula1 ibus obtusis

do rso c arinulat is ; cor o l la? tubo calycem t r ip lo exc ede n te juxtam ed i u m d i la tato supe r n e i n tus v i l lo so lobis ova to -Oblo ngis obtusis

c i 1ca 2 m m . l o n g . s tamin ibas pau l l o i n f r a med ium tubu m atflx1s

a nthei is acuminat is 1 3 m m . l o n g . ovario subgloboso 4 m m . d iam . ;

s tyle b1ev issimo ; stigma te capi tato -Oblo n go ap ic e b1eviter bifldo' 5 m m . l o n g ; bacca n u n c simplic i n u n c m o n i l i fo r m i segment issubglobosis ap ic e sub i to acut is v i vi s d i lute flavescent i vii idibus

8 —12 x 5—8 m m .

M t . Koikoko , 3000 ft . 591 .

T h e Oppos i te c o m pa rati vely l e n gt h i ly acum i n ate ve ry c lose ly -ne r vedl eaves a ffo r d a n easy m ea n s of d i s t i n gu i s h i n g t h e spec i es .

No . 668 , also f r o m Mt . Koikoko , i n f r u i t and ve ry earl v inflores

c e n c e , appea r s to belo n g to an u n desc r i bed spec i es Of t h i s ge n u s .GERBERA ODOLLAM Gae r tn . Sogere , 2000 ft . 822 .

Al st onia ficifol ia S . Moo r e , sp. n . A rbor glab r a c i r c i te r 8 - m et r al is ; ramu l is subteret ibus ve l angulat is p r i m o vernicosis ; f ol iis ternat imv ert icil lat is pet iolat is (pet .

—2 c m . l o n g ) obovato -Oblongis api c eobtus1ss1mis n i s i breviter c u sp idato -acuminat is ipsoque obtusis ba s i in

pet iolum angustat is plerisque 9—12 — 6 c m . papyraceis c osti slate1al ibus ut 1 inque 8 12 ape1 te arcuat is pag i n f . (ut i costa media )O pti m e v isis addit is plui ibus inte1 venient ibus m i n u s pei spicuis usque+ 10 m m . a costa m ed ia progredient ibus tune i n 1et icn lum laxumt ranseunt ibus ; cymis plu1 iflo1 is qua m fol ia m u lto b1 ev 1O1 1bus ( usque3 c m . l o n g . ) pseudo terminal ibus v ert icil lat is peduncul is

- 2 c m .

l o n g . insident ibus ; bracteis pusil lis o vat is c i r ca 1 m m . l o n g ; pedice l l is

val idis 3— 4 m m . l o n g ; ca lyce 3 m m . l o n g . lobis ovatis obtusissimis2 m m . l o n g ; coro l l a? tube 13 m m . l o n g fauc ibus le v i te1 dilatat isi n tus i n f r a staminum insert ionem pi loso cete1 u m glab r o lobis

d ext r0 1 sum Obtegent ibus oblongis obtusis 8 mm. l ong ; s tammibuspau l lo i n f r a fauces inse1 t is antheris acut is 1 4 m m . l o n g ; ovar io

g lab r o e ca1pel l is 2 sejunc t is co n s ti tuto c i 1 ca 1 mm. d i a m . S h/ l O

fi l i fo r m i 8 m m . lo n g ; s tigma te Oblo n go ap ic e brev ite1 bifido 65 m m .

l o n g .

D

Sogei e , 2800 ft . 74 .

On a curs0 1yi n spec tio n t h i s m i g h t be m i stake n fo r A . macrop ln/l l aWal l . , but a c lose1 v i ew s h ow s t h e l ea ve s to be b1oader and p1ovided

w i t h few e r s ide - n e r ves eac h pa i r s epa r ated by usual ly t wo o r t h r een e r ves

,l es s co n spi cuous , w h i c h run outw a rd s fo r a l i ttl e d i sta n c e

befo r e be i n g lost i n t h e r et i c u lum . T h e flow e r s Of t h e two a r e qui ted iffei ent .

Appai ent ly al l i ed to th i s i s a flow ei less spec imen (No .

.

125 f1o mS ogere , 2000 ft . ) w i t h fol l ic l es 1eaching n ea r ly tw o fee t in l engt h .'1 h i s m ay pei haps be A . l ongissima F . Mue l l . , Of w h ic h I h a ve seen110 spec i m e n .

V OACAN GA PAPUANA K . Sc h u m . Sogere , 480 ,599 a .

E rvatamiamontensis , sp. n . A rbuscul a glabi a ; ramul is gracil ibussubt eret ibus co r t i c e c i n e r eo Obduc t is f o l ior ampa r i bus saepe al iquantodisparibus la m i n a oblo n go

- la n c eo lata ve l Ob longo -Oblanceo lata acum i

(1A M OPETA 33

n ata (acumine + 10 m m . l o n g . ) api c e obtusa bas i i n pet io l um 5—10 111111 .

l o n g . a n gustata pag . i n f . punc t is h ebet ibus inspersa me m b ra n ac ea

plerumque 6—9 c m . lo n g . ( ram 10 c m . paul l o excede n te nonnunquam

u sque 3 c m . reduc ta) 2 c m . lat . cos t i s latera l ibus ut rinque 10— 12

pag . utrav is Obviis ; cz/mis pseudo tei 111ina l ibus s impl ic ibus ve l 1 a111osis

plu1 1flo1 1s qua m fol ia b1ev 10 1 1bus ( c i r ca 3 5 x 2- 3 c m . peduncul is

+ 1°5 c m . lo n g . ful t is ; brac /c zs p edice l l is t enuibus 3 6 111111 .

l o n g . ca lyce pa r vo 2 m m . l o n g v i x usque m ed i u m i n lobos ro tundatosdi v i so ; coro l la? pa r va t ubo a n guste ad fauces l e v i te r d i latato 9 111 111 .

l o n g . liumectato l "5 m m . d ia m . ( fauc ibus isg ro 2 lobis oblo n gospathulat is 5 m m . l o n g ; s tamil i ibas sup ra m edi u m tubu m inse t t is

an theris apiculat is m m . l o n g ; s t z/ l o glab r o 7 111m. l o n g ;

s t iama tc apicu lo bipa1 t ito te r m i n an te ; jo l lw a l zs v i v i s aurant iac is

pa r v i s a n guste o vo ideis 1 ecurv is r os t r o compi esso 1 cc to v e l cui vato

2— 3 111 111 . lo n g . onust is do r so a n guste sulcat is lateribus 2 subalat is

10— 17 m m . lo n g .

Sogere , 2000 ft . 478 (flow e r ) , 833 a ( f r u i t) .T h e dotted l eaves w i t h t h e s m al l co r ol las sca r c ely sw ol l e n a t t h e

t h r oat a n d t h e s m al l al m ost t wo -w i n ged fo l l i c l e s a r e n otable featu r esof t h e spec ies .

PARSON S IA CURv ISE PALA K . Sc h u m . Sogere, 2000— 3000 ft .85 1 , 865 .

MICRE CHITE S Nov o - GUINE E N SIS K . Sc h um . (e x Meroka.

348 . A la r ge t r ee . F l ow e r s l i g h t r ed .

Ichnocarpus sogerensis Wernh . MSS . in He r b . Mus . B r i t .F rutex s ca n de n s ramul is grac ilibus ul t imis tenuibus subt il issimeferrugineis mox glabrescen t ibus ; f o l i1s e ll ipt ic is papv iaeeis acut is

vel breviter acuminat is bas i obtusis ve l subrotundat is ple i isque

6 X 3—4 c m . pet iolo g rac i l i (ut i costa ce n t r a l i s pag. i n f . ) pubesc e n te ad 13 111111 . l o n g . insiden t ibus costi s lateral ibus ut rinque 6 8

r et ic ul o a r c to subtuso

m a n i festo ; fl or zlms i n en nulas pauc itlo1as

paniculam sat elongatam fo l iis in termixtam co n stitue n tes disposit is ;

p eduncu l is ul t imis 11rev ibus ; p e 1l icc l l 1s grac il ibus ad 3 111111 . ve llongioribus ; ca lyce extus pubesce n te

0

i n f ra m edi u m in lac i n ias l ineai ilanceo latas acutas d iv i so 111 toto v i x lo n g . co )

°

o l l es tubo 4 111111 .

l o n g . i n fe r n e grac il iter tubulal i s upe r n e i n flate lobis l i n ea r i - oblongis35 x 1 m m .

Mt . Gawada . 944 .

T h e c lose r etic u latio n O f the l ea ves a n d t h e co m pa rat i vel y lo n g a n dna r r ow calyx - seg m e n ts me t w o c h :1r °

ac t e l ist ic featui e s of t his spec ies .NO . 689 ,

f r o m l l i v e r s ide , Sogo r e , 1750 ft . i s apparen t l v a fo 1 m oft h i s w i t h la1ge r l eaves up to 12 x 6 5 c m .

Ichnocarpus bert ieroides Wernh . MSS . i n l l erb . Mus . B r i t .F r

'

11tca fe r e glabe r , al te sca n de n s ; ramul is grac il ibus p r i m o fe rrugi n e i s mox glabi escen t ibus ; jbl u s e l l ipt ic is \ c l e l l ipt icooblongis b r e viter acuminat is apiee obtus is bas i ac ut is \ c l obtus is ve le ti :1111 sub1 o tund t t is ( 1— 1 1 x 3 ~—~l c .m pet io l : it i s (pe t . ad . 1 5 t 111 . lo n g .

costi s late1al 1bus ut rinque 8— 10 subtus p1o 1uinul is ; j/111

°

1bus s atu ratesanguineis i n cymulas pedu n c u la tas pauc illm.i s pu n i t ul :nu te iminaleme l ongatam angustam fast igiatatu r e fe r e n tes u s i l n e ad 20 1 111 . l o n g .

digestis ; c z/ma rum111 ( la /zea l“ ad ( 1 111111 . lo ngs pawl / Ml l zs fix a t i1m.

JOURNAL 0 1 BO l AN 1 , S E l ‘l E M B L‘

R 19211 .

34 DR. 11 . o . Fonnns’


at tingentibus ; ca lyce in l obos subrotundos fe r e ad bas i n a1v i so vix

3 m m . l o n g ; coro l l a; tubo late subcyl indrico supe r n e v i x d i latato n ec1nflato c i r ca 4 m m . l o n g . l i m bo + 5 m m . d ia m .

Sogo r e , 3000 ft . 859 . Meroka. 941 .

The l o n g fastigiate i n flo r esc e n c e c h a rac te r i se s t h e spec ies .

ASCLEPIADACEE .

G Y M NE M A G E MINATUM R . Br . Mt . Gawada , 5000 ft . , 534 ,T h is i s t h e Aust ral ia n spec ie s w h ic h

,as N . E . B r ow n (Fl . T1

°op . Afr .

iv . i . 4 14 ) says , a n d as exa m i n at io n of t h e type co n fi r m s , i s d1fferentf r o m t h e I n d ia n G . syl vesh

'

e R . B r . ,a l t h oug h B e n t h a m (Fl . Aust ra l .

iv . 343 ) co n s ide r ed t h e tw o conspeciflc . G . gemina tum has s i n c ebee n re-desc r ib ed by Sc h lec h te r u n de r t h e n a m e of G . frzcko l epis .

TYLOPHORA PE RLAXA Sc h l ec h te r (e x Sogere, 1750 ft . ,

149, 193 .

Flow e r s pal e g r ee n , t h ose of No . 193 i n bud o n ly . T h e spec i m e n sag r ee fa i r ly w el l w i t h t h e desc r i pti o n .

Marsdenia l orea. S . Moo r e , sp. n . Sca n dens , caul e vol ub i l i distant erfol ioso h ispidulo

- pi loso deinde glab ro co r t ic e brunneo obduc to ; f o l iismajuscul is pet iolat is (pet . h ispidulo - p i lo so 3— 7 c m . l o n g . ) oblo n goovat is breviter acuminat is (acumine c i r ca 7 m m . l o n g . ) bas i a lteape r te cordat is fl 1 1ne membranaceis i n sicco g1 iseo

- vi1 idibus pag .

ut raque scabriuscul is 13 18 x 7—9 cm. 1 eticulo m ax i m e laxo 111flo1 os

cen tiis i n una ax i l la subsessil ibus plurifloris ; floribus majuscul isp r i m o i n cymam umbel l 1f0 1 m e m sessilem digest is mox sec u s rhach inrobustam simpl icem nodulosam usque 15 m m . l o n g . approximat is

pedicel lis c i r c a 3 m m . l o n g . insidentibus ; ca lycis i n tus glandul ispauc i s o n u st i fe r e bas i n usque pa r ti t i segmentis lanceo lat is ve l o vatolanceolat is obtusiuscul is do r so carinat is pilosisque 7 m m . l o n g ;

cor o l lw tubo b r ev i ca m pa n ulato 8 x 9 mm. lobis e bas i sat lata l o n geloriformibus supe r n e g r adat i m at tenuat is ( m ed ic c i r ca 1 mm. la t . ) insinubus p r o m i n e n te r incrassat is utrinque glabris c i r ca 4 c m . l o n g ;

corona p h yl l i s carnosis oblongis bas i c ordat is supe r n e i n appendicembrevem erectam oblongam obtusam antheras paul lulum superant emexeunt ibus i n toto 6 m m . lo n g . fe r e 25 mm. lat . ; an therarumappendicibus parvul is ovat is v i x 1 m m . lo n g ; stigmate a n gus teconoideo bifldo gy n ostegi u m l ev i te r supe ra n te ; p o l l in iis pyriformibus°75 m m . l o n g . ope caudiculae °2 m m . l o n g . gla n dulae subcaudataa5 mm.

l o n g . conjunct is .

Sogo r e , 2000 ft . , 635 . A l a r ge c l i m be r w i t h v e r y da r k m age n tapu r pl e flow

T h i s 15 a 1 e111arkable pl a n t al l i ed to Ill . a1w c7mou lea Sc h l ec h te r ,excel l e n tly figu r ed i n Bot . Jahrl) . l . 15 1 .

'1 he l a r ge l ea1 es , t h e

t h i c k flow e r i n g rhac h i s , w i t h t h e s h o r t a n d b r oad ca lyx - seg m e n ts andm uc h l o n ge r t h o n g- l i k e l obes of t h e co r ol la a r e t h e p r o m i n e n t featu r e s .I n fol iage a n d i n flo r esc e n c e i t i s a l m ost a cou n te r pa r t of Tizozot iar acemosa F . Muell . f r o m N . Quee n sla n d , eac h h a v i n g t h e flow e r sa r ra n ged o n a t h i c k 1 l1 11ch is

,t h e i n flo r esc e n ce t h u s , at leas t i n i ts late r

s tages , be i n g tec h n i cal ly 1acemose . But t h e Ho“ 131 5 of the two a r equ i te (l itterent ; i n deed , the Quee n sl a n d pla n t m o r e r ese m bl es Ill .

u re a/1110 1180 11 i n t h i s r espect . '

l he 0 1111 r ea so n fo r k t eping T/zoze l za


36 DR . 11 . o . FonnE s’


G ilg and Be n ed i c t n otic ed abo ve i s dated Oc t . 1916 ; i t co n ta i n sdesiript io ns of n o l ess t h a n el ev e n new spec ie s of Fayraea f r o m New

G u i n ea, but of cou r se does n ot i n c l ude VVernham s t h r ee T h e poo rmate r ia l o f t h ese la st is a m atte r fo r l og1 et .

Fagrzea affinis S Moo r e , sp. n . A rbor m ag n a,glab r a ; ramu l is

te t 1agonis co r t ic e O '

1 1seo Obduc t is ; f o/u s opacis oo

bo vato oblongis api c ei otundat is n i s i s ubi to cuspidulat is apiceque i pso acut is bas i obtusisc rasse cmiaceis so l emn iter 12 15 x 6 7 c m . costa cen t 1al i c rassa cost i slateral ibus 11equaquam perspicuis ut rinque c i r c a 12 pet io l is incrassat iss up r a baud ve l obsc u r e cana liculat is c m . l o n g . la m i n a st i pu l ifo r m i r ig ida o vata obtusissima 8 111m. l o n g . przedit is ; cymas paucitl orasess i l i absque coro l l is c i r ca 5 x 4 5 c m . pedicel l is val idis al iquan t o

compi essis 1 5—1 c m . l o n g . sup r a m ed i u m 2 b1ac teat is ovat is obtusis

s i m i s c i 1 ca 7 m m . l o n g . ca lyce tu1binato i n toto 13 m m . l o n g . lobis

rotundat is 1ma1gi n e scai iosis 5 111m. l o n g ; coro l la? co1 iaceaeD

lacteae

t ubo a n guste su r s u m l e v i te r a m pl ia to c i r ca 3 5 c m . l o n g . i n fe r n e ( i nsicco ) 2 m m . sub faucibus 5 m m . la t . le h i s i n a labast r o sol u m visis ut

V idetu r t ubo duplo brev ioribus ; an ther is fe r e 1 c m . l o n g ; s 1‘l

supe r n e a tte n uato 4 5 c m . l o n g ; s tigmate pla n e bi lobo .

Mt . Gaw ada , 5000 f t . ,5 50 . No . 302 , a f r u i t i n g spec i m e n f r o m

Sogere , 3000 ft . , appea r s to be conspecific w i t h t h i s . T h e s h i n i n gb r ig h t g r ee n be r r i e s are globose , s udde n ly s h a r pe n ed at t h e e n d w i t ht h e apex i tsel f t r u n cate , i n fac t ve r y l i k e t h ose of F . amp l a exceptfo r t h e i r g r eate r s i ze (3 c m . i n dia m ete r ) . T h e affin i ty i s w i t hF . amp l e .

Fagraaa amabil is S . Moo r e , sp. n . A rbor ? ramu l is subt eretibusc o r t i c e c i n e r eo c irc umdat is ad n odos l ev i te r tumidis '

fo l z’

l s ob lo n goovat is v el obovato -oblongis obtusis bas i breviter cuneat is chartaceis i nsicco brunneo - ve l griseo - v iridibus pag . sup. pal l id e nitidis costa ce nt ra l i s up ra i m p r essa subtus e m i n e n te c osti s lateral ibus pag. utraque

mediocriter v isibil ibus ut rinque 6—7 r eti cul o obso leto pet io lis sa tv al idis a n guste canal iculat is 1— 3 c m . l o n g la m i n a st ipul iformi2 5 m m . l o n g ; c

'

z/ nufs plurifloris fo l iis brev ioribus subsessil ibus

pedunculo 2—3 111 111 . l o n g ; pedice l l is + 10 m m . long. ul t r a m edi um

bibrac teat is brac teis i n fe r n e connat is rot undat is ma r gi n e scariosis

u sq ue 5 5 111 111 . l o n g ; ca lf/co a n guste ca m pa n ulato i n to to 7 m m .

l o n g . le h i s ro tundat is ma r gi n e scariosis 4 x 5 n1m. ; coro l la? tenuiter

co riaccze v eris imil iter al bae tube 2 5 c m . l o n g . dimidio sup. a m pl iatodeo r su m cyl indrico 4 m m . lat . sub fauc ihus 9 111m. lobis oblo n goobo vat is obtusissimis l 5 x 12 111111 . p si/1711171171 113 sub inc lusis antheris

4 5 111 111 . l o n g ; omu o oblo n e o 4 111 111 . sty 210 l o n g . s tigma tecapit c l lato

- t runeato .

Sege ro, 420 .

B es i des t he fol iage t h i s can be tol d eas i l y f r o m F . ampl e a n dF . (g/fi

'

mfis b y t h e s m al l calyc es and w h i te flow e r s .S r uva o s Fo ru ms” A . W . H i l l i n Kew B ul l . 1909, 360 .

Sogere ,

‘2000 ft . 23

E h r e t ia papuana S . Moo r e , sp. 11 . Frwfe r ? glabe r ; ramul isfistulo sis s upe r n e, al iquan tu lum c ompress is : f o il /9 pe t io l is grac il ibus3—6 c m . lo n g . ful t is late o vato - ro tundat is bas i cuneat is v e l late

GABIOPE TALE 37

t runcat is m a rgi n e integris n i s i h a c a tque i l la c repandis papyraeeis

opac is i n sicco viridibus plerisque 6— 8 x 5—7 c m . costa m ed ia subtus

e m i n e n te c osti s lateral ibus ut rinque 4—5 (quo r u m 2 ve l 3 basi approximati s ) pag. ut rav is be n e obv iis r et i c u lo sati s a r cto pag. i n f . e m i n e n te ;fl or ibus i n c y m as ax i l la r es ( i n axil l is summis) b r e ves pauc ifio ia s qua mfol ia m u lto bre v iores (c i r ca 2 '

5 x 2 c m . ) digest is ; brac tez’

s fo l iac e is

lanceolat is infei imibus ad 1 c m . l o n g ul t imis m odo 2 3 m m . ;v

p edz

ce l l zs + 2 5 m m . l o n g ; ca lyczs v i x usque m ed i u m divisae 5 5 11 1111 .

l o n g . lobis o vat is obt siuscul is ; oc 1 0 7lae tubo calyc e brev i0 1e ( 2 3 mm.

l o n g . ) le h i s ob lo n go spathulat is 3 m m . l o n g . s in /

111111111 113 o r i inse r t isbreviter exsert is antheris oblongis obtusis 1 2 5 m m . l o n g ; orar z

’

o

dep r esse globoso 2 - loculari loculis 2 - ovul 1 t is 1 m m . d ia m . s tyl o

25 m m . l o n g . ra m i s abbreviat is divaricat is “25 111m. l o n g .

Nea r Ke r epu n u , s i n e n o .

T h is i s be l i e ved to be the fi r st r eco rded occu r r e n c e of t h e ge n u s i nN ew G u i n ea . T h e b r oad rotu n date leaves toget h e r w i t h t h e s h ortax i l la r V few ll ow e1 ed i n fl o r esc e n c es se r ve to d i st i n

gu i s h the spec i es .

TOURNE FORH A. sann Emo sa Lam. Soge1 e, 2500 ft ., 156 .

COXV OLV ULACE ZE .

E RYCIB E HE LWIGII F ra i n . Sogere, 439 . F r u i t r ic h o r a n ge - r ed .

Mt . Koikoko , 3000 ft . , 669 .

SOLANACEE .

SOLANU M B IFLORU M Lou r . M eroka Mts .,2500 ft . , 882 .

S . YE RBA SCIFOLIUM L . Sogere, 2000 ft . , 10 .

Sol anum turraaaafol ium S . Moo r e , sp. n . Frutex i n e r m i s ;r amis grac il ibus be n e fo liosis a r ete brev it erque stel lato - tomen t osis ;f o l l is szepe geminat is ge m i n i s i n te r se inzequal ibus brev ipetio lat is (pe t .

t omentosis 5— 8 111m. lo n g . ) oblo n go - oblanceo latis brev iter aeuminah sacumine obtu so m a rg i n e lobulat is vel lobulato - undulat is bas i cuneat ispag . sup . glabris i n sicco viridibus brunneisve subtus to m e n to stel latob1 ev i a r cto fu l vo ve l fu l vo g1 iseo obsit is ple1 isque 7

—10 x — 3 5 c m .

1 a r i u s 3 6 x 2—2 3 c m . cost i s lat e1al ibus pag. i n f . eminen tibus ut rinque5 6 pi ope marginem dichotomis costaquc in t 1a1na1ginal i hac atquei l l ac i n c o m pleta valde a n f ractuosa efton nan t ibus ; {70 1 111 113 in ra cemo s

l ate r ales (se . pla n e ext ra ax i l la 1es ) pauc itlo ro s ful votomentosos 21—4 c m .

l o n g . div est is p edice l /1'

s tenuihus usq u e 15 mm. l o n g . sed sze pe

brev i0 1 ibus ; co b/ms ca m pa n u lat i to m e n tos i 1 111111 . l o n g . segmen t is5 la te t riangulzn ibus acutis maigin ibus 111cmb1 in :1ce 1s 1 5—2 111111 . l o ngc ow l /( 1 al te pa1 t i ta (tu h o c i r ca 2 111111 . l o n g . ) lobis oblongis ob tusis

6'

5 x 1'

5—2 n n n . ; supe r n e at tenuat is 6 111 111. l o n g ; o va r io

o vo ideo 1 111111 . l o n g ; 1 5 111111 . lo n g .

N ear K e r epu n u , s i n e n o .

One of the spec i m e n s has ev ide n tl y bo r n e-a f r u i t , as m a rks o n thes h eet i n d icat e . T h i s f r u i t appea r s t o h ave 111casurcd about 15 111111 . i nd ia m et e r ; the s uppo r ti n g ped ice l i s 2 c m . l o n g and sw o l l e n i n i t sd i sta l h al f .

A ve r y d i s ti n c t Spec ies , i n s h ape of l eaf r ecal l i n g Turn ed [111/c roS m . T h e l ’apua n Sola n u m s have bee n m o n og rap h ed r ec e n t ly

by B i tte r ( l io t . Jah rl 1. l r . 5 51 m ost of the 23 s pec i es e n u m e rated

38 1111 . H . o . FORBE S ’ S NE W GU I NEA PLANT S

be i n g new . Of cou r se , B i tte r does n o t i n c l ude VVeriiham’

s 3 spp . (T ra n s .L i n n . Soc . i x . bot h m e m o i r s h a v i n g bee n publ i s h ed du r i n g thew ar, o u r s i n 1916 a n d t h e o t h e r 15 m o n t h s afte rwa r ds . Toget h e rw i th t h e sp. h e r e desc r ibed

,t h e affi n i ty of w h ic h appea r s to b e w i th

S . torr ice l l ense B i tt . , 27 Sola n u m s a r e now k n ow n f r o m N ew G ui n ea .

SCROPHULARIACE E .

LIN OE RNM CRU STACEA F . Muel l . Sogere , 918 .

S rme s LUTEA Lou r . Sogere , 921 .— S . PARV I FLORA. B e n t h . 848 .

CYRTAND 11 11 0 13113.

ZE SCHYNANTHU S NU M M ULAR IA K . Sc h u m . ( Tr ickosporum 11 11 111

mu lm' ium Burk il l S . Moo r e i n Jou r n . Bo t . xxx v i i . 178 ;Sogere , 2000

—2500 ft . , 114 , 18 1 , 30 1 , 5 11 . Flow e r s sca r let o r pu r pl er ed .

— ZE . FORBE SI I K . Sc h um. (Tr ichosp orum F orbesii S . Moo r e ,op . cit . Sogere , 43 , 218 11, 880 .

D ICHOTRICHUM CHALM E RSII F . Muel l . Sogere, 776 .

Ben LAWE SII H . O . Fo r bes i n Jou r n . Bot . xxv . 347As t r o labe Ra n ge , 3500 ft . , o n steep esca r p m e n t , 850 .

0 1 111 1 1113111 SCHRAD E RI K . Sc h u m . Sogere, 796 .

B I GNON IACE E .

N E OSE PICJE A V ITICOID E S D i el s . Sogere, 437. A c l imber. Flow e r spa l e o r a n ge spotted w i th c r i m so n .

Tecomanth e gl oriosa S . Moo r e , sp. n . S candens ; caul e subteret i

co r t ic e so r d ido Obducto 7— 8 m m . di a m . ; f o l iis paripinnat is pet iolosa lte m 7 c m . l o n g . una cum r h ac h i fol iol ifera teret i necnon pubesce n te2 m m . dia m . fol iol is 10 inferioribus qua m supe r io r a pau l lo minoribus

( i l l i s 9— 10 x 3—4 c m . h i s 1 1— 12 x 4'2 c m . ) o m n i bu s oblo n go

o vat is acuminatis (acumine + 1 c m . l o n g . ) api c e acut is bas i obtusisintegris papyraceis i n c osta c e n t r a l i pag . sup . itaque in cost i s pag . i n f.strigil loso

-

pubescen tibus al ibi spa r s i m strigil losis cost i s lateral ibusut rinque cir c a 9 pag . i n f. pal l idiori ut i r et i culum Opti m e v isibil ibus

pet iolul is 5 m m . lo n g . pubescen t ibus racemis e caul e defol iato orti s

plur ifloris bas i squamis parvul is subulat is perpaucis auct is c i r ca 2 c m .

l o n g . bracteis setaceis + 4 m m . lo n g . pedice l l is sub calyce al iquan totumidis microscopice pubescent ibus 5—12 m m . l o n g . ca lyce ca mpa n a lato i n to to 23 x 11 m m . lobis t riangularibus acuminat is 12 mm.

l o n g ; corol l a? tubulosze o r e necnon tub i pa r te sup. lac teae pa r te i n f .equidem r o seo -

purpureae tubo 7 c m . lo n g . fe r e a bas i d i lata to j uxtabasi n i n cu r vo et 5—8 m m . l at . supe r n e adusque 35 c m . a m pl i a todeo r s u m puberulo l obis late t riangularibus 12—15 m m . lo n g . posti copla n e brev iore ; 0 11113 11111 hand v i sa .

Mt . Koikoko , 3000 ft . , 495 , 622 .

A ve r y di sti n c t spec ie s w i t h t h e fi ve pa i r s of pi n n ae to it s l eaves a n dflow e r s d i ffe r e n t i n s eve ra l r espects f r o m i ts few desc r ibed co n ge n e r s .

Tecoman the v enusta S . Moo r e , sp. 11 . S candens ; cau l e 3—5 m m .

diam . c r eb r o tube r c ul oso - len t icel l ifero ; f o l iis paripinnatis fo l io l is 4

oblo n go - ovat is acuminat is (acumine 5—10 m m . l o n g . ) bas i obtusisintegris papyraceis utrobique glabris 7

—8 x —4 c m . costi s lateral ibus


40 DR . H . o . FORB E s’s NEW GU INEA PLANT S

MONOCHLAMYDE E .

B r SPENCER MOORE, F .L . S .

N YCTAGINACE E .

PISOXIA .M UE LLE RIANA VVarb . Sogere. 1800 2500 ft .

, 167, 398 .

AM ABANTACE JE.

D E E RIX GIA IX D ICA Zol l . Sogere , 1750 ft .

, 77 .

ALTE RNAN'

IHE RA D E NT IC R . B r. Sogere , 2000 ft ., 843 .

N E PE NTHAC E E .

1\ EPE \ rn E s su mma Reinw . Mt . “To r i - w o r i , 4000 ft ., 643 .

ABIST OLOCHIACE E .

AR I STOLOCH IA PITHE CURU S Ridl . in Jou r n . Bot . l i i . 296 . Mt .Koikoko , 2500 ft . ,

621 . Sogere , 2200 ft . , 762 .

PIPERACEE .

Piper E up iper ) SOgerense S . Moo r e,sp. n o v . Romul is sat

robust is (4 m m . c ras s . ) ad n odos geniculat is striat is glabris ; f o l iisbrev ipet io lat is (pet . val idis plerumque c i r c a 15 m m . l o n g . ) ovat is ve l

o vato - oblongis acuminat is acumine obtuso bas i ro tundat is saepe

lev issime cordulat is membranaceis glabris mul t ipl inerv ibus n e r voc e n t r a l i ad c m . u lt r a ba s i n ut rinque nervum apicem att i n

gentem e m itte n te n e r v i s rel iquis ut rinque 2 a bas i so lut is r et i cul ola xo subt us e m i n e n te 17—22 x 10 13 c m . fo l iis summis u sque ad

7 x 2 3 c m . reduct is ; sp zcis fe m . opposit ifo l iis elongat is peduncul is

c i r ca 3 c m . l o n g . t ul t is 18—2 1 c m . x 6 10 111 111 . brac fea peltata ap ic esol u m l i be r a 5 1nm. diam. ; o var iis oblo n go - o voide is a r ete congest is

pu lposisque in st v lum tirmum ap ic e capitulatum c i r ca 1 m m . lo n g .

at tenuat is .

Sogo r e , 2500 ft .

, 76 .

Appa r e n tly n ea r P . R necker i K . Sc h u m . w h i c h h as so m ew h a td iffe r e n t fo l iage a n d s h o r te r a n d t h i n n e r spi kes .

No . 147 , r ep r ese n ted by t wo s m al l spec i m e n s eac h co n s ist i n g of ar educed l eaf a n d a s h o r te r sp ike about 10 x 5 c m .

, see m s to be co nspec ific .

Piper E up z’

p ez) ob esispicum S . Moo r e , sp. n o v . Romul isval idis (6—7 m m . c rass . ) i n fe r n e tet i agonis t e l subte i et ibus supe r n ec ompress is eximie st riat is glabris f, o l u s pet io lat is (pet . 2 c m . lo n g .

i m a bas i vaginant ibus ) late oblo n go o vat is acuminat is a pic e obtusis

bas i la te ro tundat is pag . i n f . p r aese r t i m i n n e r v i s m i n u te brunneo

pubescen t ibus mul t iplinerv ibus n e r v i s 2 ut rinque fe r e a bas i so lut isrel iquis utrinque 4— 5 pai i proximal i a bas i l 5 c m . di sta n te pa r id i s ta l i ad apicem ( c e te r i s fe r e ad apicem) dueto usque 23 x 10 c m .

spzc is fe m . opposit ifo l iis pedunculo patu lo sat va l ido m i n u te pubesce n te13 m m . l o n g . insident ibus maturis 4 c m . x 8—12 m m . rbac lzi glabra ;bractea l i bera l i m bo suborbicul ari fe r e 1 m m . d ia m . pedic e l l o 2 m m .

MONOCHLAMYD E E

l ong . ; ovario l ibe r o ob longo 2 m m . lo n g ; s tigmatibus 2 minutis ;bacca ses s i l i obovoidea 15 m m . dia m .

Sogere, 2500 ft . , 35 .

P. RODA '

I’

ZII Laut . K . Sc h um . ex de sc r i pt . Mt . Meroka,1750 ft . , 933 .

No . 55 f r o m Sogere, 2500 ft .

,i s a peppe r w i t h o vate

,papy raceous ,

gl ab rous l eaves , 7' 5— 10 x c m . ( t h e uppe r m ost r educed to

c m . ) o n pet io l e s of n ea r ly 1 c m . Matu r e 6 sp ikes 3 c m . x2 m m .

,o n s ta lks 6 m m . l o n g . Sta m e n s 2 , late ra l . Ped i c e l of b r ac t

p i los e,

'

4 mm. lo n g , the s h i e ld o r bicula r a n d ' 5 m m . i n d ia m ete r . In

the absence of 9 sp ikes i t i s dee m ed p rude n t n ot to g i ve t h i s a na m e .

MYBISTICACE ZE .

GYMNACRANTHE BA ZIPPE LIANA Wa r b . Sogere, 2000—2500 ft . ,

236, 329, 375 . Mt . Meroka,4000 ft . , 350 . Mt . Wo r i -w o r i , 7000 ft .

,

709 . A co n s ide rable o r g r eat t r ee . F rui t b lui s h o r y el low i s h g r ee n ,ora n ge at base .MYR I ST ICA GLOBO SA W

'

a r b . Sogere , 2500 ft . , 212 . A la r ge t r ee .F ru i t faded o r a n ge — M . LEPIDOTA B1. Sogere, 2000

—2500 ft .

, 242,

396 . Mt . Koikoko , 3000 ft . , 592 . Mt . VVori w 0 1 i, 4000 ft .

,64 7 .

F rui t ye l low i s h g r een o r faded c i n n a m on c o lou 1 .

—M . SUBALULATA

M iq . Sogere, 3000 ft . , 404 . Mt . Me1oka, 2500 ft ., 916.

M ONIMIAe E 1s .

LE e Em BE CCARIANA Pe r k . i n Pflanzenreich Monogr . Mo n i m .

21 . Mt . Wo r i -w o r i,5000 ft . , 732 .

— L . FORBE S I I Pe r k . op . c it .

Nachtr . 7 . Mt . Wo r i -w o r i , 5000 ft ., 713 .

—L . N ITEN S Pe r k . op . 0 17 .

21 . R i v e r s ide , Sogere , 1750—1800 ft .

, 702 , 8 14 . T r ee about 9 i n . i nc i r cu m fe r e n c e at 2 ft. f r o m g r ou n d . Fmit a n d r ece ptac le b r i g h tg r ee n .

STE GANTHE RA THYR SIFLORA Pe r k . m Bot . Jahrb . x x v . 565 . Mt .Wo r i -Wo r i , 4000 ft . , 726. A la r ge t r ee — S . OBLONG IFOL IA Pe r k .

op . cit . 566 . Koikoko Ra n ge , 2800 ft . , 8 10 . A la r ge t r e e . Flow e r s

ye l low i s h g r ee n .— S . FORBE SI I Pe r k . Naeh tr . 23 . Mt . Koikoko ,

1850 ft . , 608 .

ANTHOBE M BIX OLIGANTIIA Pe r k . i n Bot . Jah rb . xx v . 568 . Sogere ,

3000 ft . , 312 . Mt . Meroka, 362 . Mt . Wom-w o r i . 5000 ft .

, 72 1 . As m al l o r la r ge t r ee . Flow e r s b r ig h t o r c r ea m yel low . F r u i t blac ko n o r a n ge pedu n c l es — A . HO SP l TAN S Pe r k . 0p . cit . 567 . Sogere ,

1 750—2500 f t . ,52

, 701 . A tal l i s h v e ry s le n de r t r ee . F rui t b lac kon o r a n ge receptacie.

No . 107, a n e r ec t s h rub w i t h b l -ue b lack f r u i ts f r o m Soge1 e H i l l sa t 2000 ft . i s p r obab ly a n undesc 1 ibed spec i es oioblo n g

,ve r y sh0 1 t ly petio led , up to 20 x 2 5 c m . D 1 11pes s h o r tly

stalked , m m . Nos . 117 a n d 469 , fro m Sogere , a1e f1uit ingspec i m e n s of unce r ta i n pos i t io n i n t h e O rde r .

LAURACE AS.

CRYPTOCARYA FAGIFOLIA G a m bl e i n Kew Bu l l . 1910 , 145 .

Sogere , 2500 ft .,218 . No . 650 f r o m Mt . \Vo 1' i-w o r i ( i n f r u i t ) see m s

JOURNAL or BOTANY , OCTOBE R 1923 . [SUPPLE M E NL ] f

42 D R . 1L 0 . FORB E s’


to be conspec ific . A s m al l t r ee ; flow e r s faded g r ee n co l ou r .C . FO RB E SII G a m bl e , op . c it . 146 . Mt . Wo r i - w o r i

, 4000 ft . , 640 .

C . APAM /E FO LIA G a m bl e , l . c . 146 . Soge r s, 3000 ft . ,

40 1 .

C ryptocarya rarinervia S . Moo r e , sp. n . F razier c r eb r o r a m osus ;ramul is t enuibus ( 1— 2 m m . di a m . ) subteretibus mox glabris co r t i c erubido obduc t is ; f ol z

°

is sat lo n ge pet iolat is ( pet . 1 c m . l o n g . )o vat is caudato - acuminat is acumine obtuso n i s i obtusissimo ba s i brevitercuneatis t enuiter coriaceis i n sicco castaneis sup r a nitidul is pag . utrav is

glabris 6—7 x c m . cost is s up r a l e v i te r impressis subtus p r o m i n

ent ibus lateral ibus ut rinque 2—3 adscendent i- arcuat is juxta ma rgi n e m

anfrac tuosis al iis m i n o r i s valoris interposit is costul is pauc i s fe r e rec t ispag . sup. ut i r et i c u l u m sublaxum evanidis ; infl orescen tiis axil laribus

t erminal ibusve fol iis brevioribus ( c i r ca 4 x 25 c m . ) pauciramosisr a m i s patent ibus uti ped i c el l i floresque m i n ute fu l vo - tomentosis ;p edice l l is sum m u m 2 m m . lo n g ; brac teo l z

’

s' 75 m m . l o n g . p cr imzt lzii

tubo cyl indrico 1 m m . l o n g . segmentis ext . a n guste ovato - oblongisi n tu s pubescent ibus 1 m m . l o n g . i n t . obtusissimis qua m ext . lat ioribuss tmnim

’

bus se r r . I et 1 1 '5 m m . l o n g . an theris suborbicularibus '3 m m .

d iam . se r . I I I . '6 m m . l o n g . filamentis pubescen t ibus ; stmninodiisbrev iter acuminat is bas i pubescent ibus do r so p i los i s

'4 m m . l o n g ;

ovar io a n guste ob lo n go - o vo ideo glab r o “75 m m . l o n g ; styl o 1 m m .

l o n g . s tigwmtc truncato .

Mt . Koikoko , 3000 ft . , 590 .

Nea r C'. f ag/f ol io G a m bl e . T h e m o r e p r o m i n ent po i n ts of d i ffe r e n ce a r e fo u n d i n t h e s h ape a n d n e r vati o n of t h e leaves a n d in t h el o n ge r pedi c el s to t h e flow e r s of 0 . rar inerv ia .

Cryptocarya myrcioides S . Moo r e,sp. n . A rbor ? ; ramul is

subteret ibus longitrorsum st riat is sul cat isve mox glabris corticeque

c i n e r eo Obduct is ; f o l it'

s sparsis v e1 subOppositis (petiol is pubescent ibusv e l fe r e glabris 7— 10 m m . l o n g . ) o blo n go - lanceolat is r a r o oblo n goobovat is saepius breviter acuminat is ap ic e bas ique obtusis 7—12 x 35

c m . coriaceis i n sicco castaneis sup r a glabris nit idisque subtus

p raese r t i m i n n e r v i s s pa r s i m ful vo -

pubescentibus cost i s lateral ibusut rinque 10—12 pag. i n f . ut i costulae eminent ibus ; infl orescen tiis

axil laribus ve l lateral ibus fol iis brev ioribus (7 x 4 c m . ) pluriramosism i n ute ful vo -

pubescent ibus pedunculo 1— 2 c m . l o n g . ra m i s saepius

Opposit is vel subOpposit is patent ibus m i n ute bracteat is ; p edice l l ism m . l o n g ; p er ian t/Lii extus fu l vo -pubescent is tubo b r e v i

tu r b i n ato 12 5 m m . lo n g . segment is i n tus bas i pubescent ibus ext .ovat is obtusissimis i n t . o vato -Oblongis obtusiuscul is o m n ibu s 2 m m .

l o n g ; s taminibus se r r . I et I I 15 m m . l o n g . connect ivo obtusissimofl lamen to p i loso se r . I I I 2 m m . l o n g ; s l amin odiis cordat is acut is

post ice pubescent ibus ant ice glabris ; ovar io oblo n go glab r o 15 m m .

l o n g ; s fyl o 1 m m . lo n g .

Sogere , 4 10 .

E as i ly d i sti n gu i s h ed f r o m C. F orbcsz'

i Ga m bl e by t h e s m al l e rl eaves n a r r ow ed at t h e base a n d t h e s m al l flow e r s w i t h s h o r t pe r ia n t htube .

E ND IAND RA FOR BES I I Gam bl e , op . c it . 153 . ( E . papzcéwm Laut.in Nov . Guin . Bot . v i i i . 819 Mt . Gaw ada , 5000 ft .

, 543 .


44 1311 . 11 . o . roanE s’

s NEW GUINEA PLANTS

The relati vely s m al l obl o n g l eav es and s m al l flow e r s are the chief

po i n ts about t h i s spec i es .

LORANTHACE JE .

E LYTRANTHE LONGI FOL IA K . Krause (e x Sogere, 499.

E lytranthe Mo croso l en ) sogerensis S . Moo r e , sp. n . E rutex

pa ras i ti cus ; r amul is Oppositis v el saepius verticil lat is t eretibus sat

c r eb r o fol iosis i n nodis tumidis glabris f o l l is pet iol is 5 m m . l ong .

ful t is Opposit is ovat is ve l o vato -oblongis obtusis i m a basi att enuat iscoriaceis pag . utraque opacis m i n ute pustulat is pag . inf . saepe rubi

ginosis 8— l 0 x 3

‘5—5 c m . costi s lat . utrinque 3—4 pag . inf . paul loelevat is ; f l or ibus rubris mediocribus i n axil lis pauc is fasciculatis

pedicell is 3 c m . l o n g . insident ibus ; brac tea bracteo lz’

s 2 imabas i connat is suborbicularibus dentatis vel dent iculat is fe r e 2 m m .

l o n g . ca lycis tubo ovo ideo 2 5 m m . l o n g . l i m bo de n ticul ate 1 5 m m .

l o n g . coro l la i n toto 2 7 c m . lo n g . tubo m ed io inflato 5 m m . lat . paul losup r a bas i n 2 5 m m . su r su m 3 m m . lat . lobis 6 la n ceolato - lorat isobtusis reflexis 1 5 c m . l o n g . s tamin ibus 6 antheris angus te l i n earibus 6 m m . lo n g . styl o fil iformi 2 6 c m . lo n g . st ig m ate simpl ici.Mt . Wo r i -w o r i , i 5000 ft .

, 715 . Flow e r s b r i g h t r ed . No . 682 ,s id e of R i ve r

,Sogere, 1700 ft .

, w i t h pu r pl e-pi n k flow e r s i s to ber efe r r ed h e r e , as al so i s p r obab ly NO . 642 w i t h appa r e n tly s m al l ert h oug h n ot yet ful ly -g row n co r o l las 1 5 c m . l o n g . U n t i l last yea rt h e o n ly k n ow n Papua n spec ies of t h i s sect io n w as E . suber osa Laut. ,a spec ie s w i t h in ter a l l a m uc h s m al l e r l eaves a n d flow e r s . K . K raus e

(Bo t . Jahrb . l v i i . 464 - 495 ) h as now added 6 m o r e : f r o m al l t h eseE . sogerensis ca n be to ld o n s ig h t by it s la r ge r flow e rs .

NOTOTHRIXO S LE IOPHYLLU S K . Sc h u m . (N . subaureus F . Muel l .D escr . Notes Papua n Pl . i x . 61 n o n Sogere , 1750 ft . , 779 .

Sc h u m a n n ’ s de sc r ipt io n (Fl . deutsc h . Schutzgeb . Nachtr. 260 ) isf rag m e n ta ry , a n d t h e h iatus i s n o t fi l l ed up by K . K rause in hisme m o i r c i ted above . T h e r e be i n g n o aut h e n t i c m ate r i a l in t h iscou n t ry , t h e dete r m i n atio n m u st be r ega r ded as so m ew h at doubtful .T h e Fo r bes pla n t c e r ta i n ly i s n ot , as F . Muel le r t h oug h t it w as,

conspeciflc w i t h t h e Au st r al ia n .N. subaur cus , w h i c h has m uc hs m al le r l eaves a n d flow e r s . T h e l eaves of ou r pla n t a r e m ostly6—l 0 x 3—5 c m . ; t h e fe m al e flow e r s 2 x 15 m m . , and f rui ts 5 mm.

l o n g .

E UPHORBIACE E .

CLE TSTANTHU S MYRIANTHUS Ku r z . Mt . Gaw ada,5000 ft . , 549 .

Mt . Koikoko,3000 ft . , 639 .

BRE YNTA CE RNUA M til l . Arg . Sogere , 2500 ft ., 29, 954 .

— B . ACU

M INA'

I‘A M il l i. Arg. Sogere , 1750 ft . , 150 , 477 .

Gl och idion eucl eoides S . Moo r e,sp. n . F r zl tex d i ffusus novel l is

subt il iter griseo-

pubescent ibus ; ramu l is teret ibus c reb r o fol iosis

fu l vo -pubescen t ilms ta n de m glabresc ent ibus ; f o l l is oblongis n i sia n guste obl o n go - o vat is brev ipet iolat is (pet . vela ti n o 4 mm. l o n g . )sacpius brev iter cuspidato -acuminatis api c e obtusis bas i al iquanto

ob l iquis obt usis vel subrotundat is i n sicco brunnescent ibus firme

MONOCHLAMYD E ZE 45

membranaceis sup r a mox ( costa cent ra l i exempts. ) glabris subtus incost i s costulisque spa r s i m pubescentibus plerisque 5 - 8 x 2 c m .

costi s lateral ibus utrinque 8—9 pag . sup. plan is pag . i n f . eminent ibus

costul is m o r e fe r e B r ide l iarum cos tas annec t ent ibus ; fl or ibus i nfasciculos pul v inatos ax i l la r e s vel ext ra -ax i l l a r es plurifloros maseulos n i s i b i sexuales digest is ; bracteis minutis pubescent ibus ; p edico l l is d filiformibus pubescent ibus 5 m m . l o n g ; sepa l is d i n te r ses i m i l i bu s oblongis obtusis reflexis 1 5 m m . lo n g ; co lumna s tamz

’

nea

perbrevi m odo’ 3 m m . l o n g . antheris 3 minut is appe n d i c e carentibus ;

p edice l l is 9 in glo m e r u l u m b i n i s ve l sol itariis sat val idis supe rned ilatat is pubescent ibus sub fl ore c i r ca 1 5 c m . sub fructu —3 c m .

l o n g . sepa l is 52 do r so pubescentibus ext . ovat is obtusis 3 m m . l o n g .

i n t . o vato - oblongis 2 m m . l o n g ; ovar io dep r es se globoso pubesce n tec i r ca 2 5 m m . dia m . ; shyl o c ra sso 1

°5 x 1'

5 m m . obsc u r e 6 - fi d0 °

capsul e dep r e sse globosa pube rula 8 m m . dia m . semin ibus coccineis

planoconv exis aegre 3 m m . lo n g .

Sogere, 3000 ft . ,862 . No . 405 al so bel ongs h e r e . T h e flow e r s

w e r e n oted as yel low a n d t h e capsule s g r ee n .P h y l lan t h us (Nymam

’

a) effusus S . Moo r e , sp. n . Arbuscula,

ramu l is c r eb r o fo l iosis m i n ute fu l vo -puberul is de i n glabris ; f o lu sovat is vel o vato - oblongis acuminat is (acumine obtuso + 12 m m . l o n g . )bas i i n pet iolum 2—4 m m . l o n g . angustat is tenuiter coriaceis ut robique

glabris necnon n it idis in sicco subcastaneis pl erisque 7— l ox 4—6 c m .

costi s lat . utrinque c i r ca 8 uti ut r iculus valde laxus pag . i n f . m agi sv isibil ibus ; s tz

'

pulz'

s la n ceo lato -oblongis obtusis c i r ca 5 m m . l o n g ;

fl or ibus in paniculam usque 20 c m . l o n g . efiusam te r m i n a le m (pa rt i mitaque axil larem) digestis ; fl or ibus f em. so lum cognit is pedicel lis

fl l if ormibus su r su m incrassat is plerumque 1—2 c m . l o n g . insident ibus ;sepa l is o vato -oblongis obtusis sub fructu reflexis 1 5 m m . l o n g ;

dis co l obato ; ooamo al te 6 - sulcato 3 - loculari 3 mm. dia m . ; s fylo

b r ev i ' 5 mm. l o n g ; s tigmatibus 3 perbrev ibus ; cap su l e dep r esseglobosa 3 - su l cata 6 - spe r m a 65 m m . dia m . somz

’

mbus brunneis do r sorotundat is v e n t r e acut is foramineque pe r sp i cuo do n at i s 3 x

Sogere , 2000 ft . , 226 .

To t h i s i s r efe r r ed No . 251 (al so f r o m Sogo r e ) w i t h l eaves so m e .w h a t b r oade r a n d r otu n date at base , w hic h m ay so m et i m es r eac h to16 x 7 5 mm. I n t h i s cas e al so t h e r e a r e n o m al e flow e r s . T h eaffin i ty i s w i t h P . Gje l l erwp ii J . .T. Sm. ,

w h i c h , in ter a l ia, h a s r ela

t ively br oade r l eaves , s h o r te r ax i l la ry pa n i c l es , a n d s m al le r capsul esa n d seed s . The di sk i s p r obably c upula r at fi r st , l i k e t h at of

P . Gje l l erupii ; i n t h e ea r l ies t state see n i t h ad a l r eady beend i v ided up by t h e sw el l i n g o va ry .

P hyl l ant h us (Nymo nz'

a ) oreadumS . Moo r e . sp. n . E ru tca' pa r vusglabe r ; rmnul is subteretibus striat is co r ti c e brunneo Obduc t is f o l iz

’

s

ovat is vel late o vate - oblongis acuminat is apiee obtusis bas i ro tundati s pet iol is val idis 4 m m . lo n g . fn l t is pergamaceis pag . sup. punc t is

fuscis cOpiose in spers is l tl— l -t X 4—6 cm. cos t i s lat . utrinque 7

- 8 i n te r

ject is pl u r i bu s minoribus ditiic ile v is is r e ti c ulo perlaxo pag . i n f . so lumaspectabil i ; s tipul is oblongis obtusis 5 111111 . l o n g j/orz

'

lms 9 ( m asc .

ignot is) i n pan iculas laxa s ax i l la r es ve l te r m ina l es qua m fol ia b rev i e r es

46 DR . 0 . FoRRE s’

s NEW GU INEA PLANTS

gsepa l is inte r s e fe r e

az

qual ibus obo vato - oblongis obtusissimis 5 m m . l o n g . disco cupulari

o r e dent iculato 1 111m. a1t . ; ovar io late o vo ideo glab r o 3 - loculari

75 m m . l o n g . s ttyl o c rasso o va r io v ix aequilongo brev it er 3

-fido .

Sogere, 2000 ft . , 838 .

D iifering f r o m P . efiicsus i n fo l iage a n d i n flo r esce n c e . Flow e r sy el l ow o n pu r ple ped ic el s .

BACCAURE A PLURILOCULARIS J . J . S m . e x ic . et desc r ipt . Bos ibos i , s i n e n o .

ANTID E SM A POLYANTRUAI K . Sc h u m . Laut . Sogere , 617 , 696,

conflat is ; pedice l l is capil laceis + 7 111m.

Ant idesma megal ocarpum S . Moo r e , sp. n . F rutex vel arbus

cul a ramul is subteret ibus st riat is app r esso puberul is deinde glabris ;fol l is oblo n go - obovat is c uspidato -acuminat is (acumine obtuso 1

1 5 c m . l o n g . ) basi obtusis chartaceis pag . a t raque glabris 166— 7 c m . cost i s lat eral ibus ut rinque 7

— 9 ape r te arcuat is ut i costulaeret iculumque sat laxum in

'

pag . ambabus be n e v isis pet io l is val idis— 10 m m . lo n g . sz

‘ip ul is fl or l bus in sp icas s i m pl i ces v e l pa n icul iformes appresse ful vo pubesc e n tes fol iis aequilongas digest is ;florum 9 so l u m cognitorum ; st ig m ate b r ev i te r m i n a l i ; (ZN /p a ses s i l io vo idea al iquant um co m p r es sa appresse pube r ula i n sicco griseo

b r u n n ea ret iculatoque r ugosa 18 x 13 c m . ; a l bumine ca r n o so d i lutebrunneo .

Sogo r e,497 . No . 417, also f r o m Sogere , i s c l ea r ly conspecific , a s

i s NO . 225 i n hb . Kew .

T h e la r ge d r upes at o n c e se r ve to d i sti n gui s h t h i s a m o n g Papuanspec ies . I n t h e abse n ce of flow e r s it s pos i tion i n t h e ge n us m us tr e m ai n doubtful .Ant idesma preegrandifol ium S . Moo r e , sp. 11 . 177 1718 70 caul i

florus spicis except is glabe r ; caul e c o r ti c e e i n e r -eo brunneo obducto

c i r ca 1 c m . d ia m . ramul is al iquantulum anfrac tuosis bi unneo

cort icat is pol i t i s jblizs magnis (usque 32 x 15 c m . ) ovat is cuspidatoacuminat is obtusis bas i lat issime rotundat is inte1dum l e v i te r cordatis

pergamaceis n it idis m a rgi n e in tegi is revol ut is costa m ed ia pag . i n f.m ax i m e p r o m i n e n te cost is la t . ut 1 inque c i r ca 12 quo r u m 2 infimisbasal ibus o m n ibu s ut i 1 et iculum arctum ut robique be n e v isis petio l is

5—6 c m . l o n g . bas i apiceque dilatat is ; s t ipul z’

s ovat is in '

aequilatera

l i bus diutule persistent ibus 2 c m . l o n g ; sp ie l s ( d so lum v isis) ecau le fasciculat im o riundis sat densifloris fu l vo -

pubescent ibus u sque7 c m . l o n g . p eduncul o 1 c m . l o n g ; In ac fezs flo i um suborbicu

laribus fuse l s c i r ca 1 m m . l o n g . sepa l is 4 ovat is vel o vato oblongisobtusis (quai to equidem la n c eolato ) ful vo pubescent ibus aeg1 e 1 m m .

l o n g ; s tamin ibus plerumque 3 di sco m i n ut iss i m o insertis filament is25 m m . l o n g . antheris “75 m m . l o n g .

Sogere , 250 .

Wit h out t h e 9 flow e r s t h e affi n i ty of t h i s i s u n c e r ta in ; i t m aype r h aps be n ea r es t A . gmncl z

’

s tipu l zun Me r r . T h e la r ge l ea ves w i t hve ry b road base a n d t h e caul iflorous sp i kes are t h e m ost sa l i e n tfeatu r es .


48 DB . H . o . FORBE S°

S NEW GUIN E A PLANTS

s h rub 4 feet w i t h s ingle s te m . B r ac ts g r een at base, redd i s h

above .Macaranga M ecostyl is ) dal echampioides S . Moo r e

, sp. n .F rutex ? ramul is teret ibus de n s e velut ino -

pubescent ibus f o l iis lo n gi

petio lat is (pet . velut ino -

pubescen t ibus c m . l o n g . ) rhombeoo vat is su r su m acuminat is (acumine obtuso plerumque 2— 3 c m . l o n g . )bas i truncato - rotundat is obscurissime c ordulat is eglandulosis 5 - n e r v ib us ( n e r v i s e xt . abbreviat is i n t . ad t ert iam pa r te m fo l ii duct is ) firmemembranaceis pag . utrav is p raese r t i m ve r o i n f . ubi c r eb ro glandulosism ol l i te r velut inis 6— l 0 x 5—6 c m . cos ti s lateral ibus (pa r i basal iexc luso ) 41—5 asce n de n t i -arcuat is ut i costulae pag . i n f . eminentibusstipu l is l i n ea r i - lanceolat is pubescentibus 3— 5 m m . l o n g ; infl or es

cen tia 9 pedunculo g rac i l i p ubesc e n te 5 c m . lo n g . ful ta ; brac teis

pauc i s a r ete confert is ovat is brev iter acuminat is p r o m i n e n te r glandul oso -dentat is ut rinque m i n ute v elutinis 14: x 10 m m . bracteisfl oruml inearibus + 2 m m . l o ng ; ca lyce urcel lato subtruncato ve l breviter3—4 - l obo m i n ute pu besce n te ; ovar io l - loculari globo so m i n ute pubesc e n te s upe r n e glandul is subsparsim insperso necnon processubus m o ll ibus pubescent ibus 3 - serial ibus praedit is ; s tyl o i n cur vo breviter plumoso 2— 3 mm.l ong . fl or ibus d ignot is .

S ogere, 397 .

Nea r es t M densifl om Wa rb ., a pla n t w i t h l eaves glab r ous except

for t h e n e r ves a n d w i t h two p r o m i n e n t gla n ds at t h e i r base,s m a l le r

l e ss deeply toot h ed b r ac ts of t h e i n flo r e s ce n c e a n d r h o m bi c flo ra lb r ac ts .Macaranga fimbriata S . Moo r e , sp. n . Arbor al ta ; ramul is

subteret ibus p r i m a juventute fe r r ugi n eo - toment osis c i to glabris deinc o r t i c e c i n e r eo rimoso cicat ricibus fol iorum delapsorum signato oh

ductis f ol iis o vato - oblongis n i s i ovat is c u sp idato -acuminat is (acumineacuto c i r ca 7 m m . l o n g . ) bas i h aud lo n ge t rinerv i cuneatis prommente r que biglandul osis t enuiter coriaceis utrobique cit issime glabris pag.

sup. in sicco g r i se i s nitidis pag. i n f . v i1idi-brunneis pustul isque crebrismmutis inspersis 9—12 x —7 c m . costi s lat . (pa r i proximal i exempto)utrinque 5—6 aperte arcuat is ut i costulae f r eque n tes pa rum cur

v atae pag . utraque eminent ibus pet io l is t eretibus c it issime glabris

solemniter 5—6 c m . l o n g ; s l ipul is caducis oblongis obtusis ferru

gi n eo -tomentosis fe r e 1 c m . l o n g ; fl oribus d i n paniculas ax i l la r e sl axe ramosas racemiformes m i n ute fu l vo - tomentosas qua m fo l iabrev iores (usque 6—7 c m . lo n g . ) digestis ; brac teis infl or escen tiw

subulat is integris ve l subintegris c i r ca 3 m m . l ong ; bracteisfl orum

glomerulos mult ifloros a r e te st ipantibus smpe 5 p r o glo m e rul o ambituo vat is ve l suborbicularibus m a r gi n e Opti m e fimbriat is (fimbriis c i r cal 2 ‘

plerumque m m . l o n g . ) bas i gla n dula pe r spicua e le vatoma r g i n a ta prmdit is ut i inflorescent iee r a m i m i n u te ful vo - tomentel lisfimbrus inc lusis usque 9 x 6 m m . ; sepal is 3

—41 2 ve1 3 sepae coal it is

i n de 2—3 - fidis extus m i n ute ful vo - tomentel lis s taminibus 5—8 antheris

é - locularibus fl or ibus 52 h aud v isis .

Sogere, 247 . A g r eat t r e e w i t h pale c r ea m - co lou r ed flow e r s .I n appea r a n ce v ery l ik e M mon tana Pax K . Hoff m . (M ja .

canica var. montana M 1111. Arg. ) w h i ch h as flowe r s i n seve r a l respec ts

sroxoeHmM rnEm 49

diffe r e n t . I t doe s n o t see m to co m e u n de r a n y of t h e sec tio n s p r oposed by Fax K . Ho ff in . i n t h e i r Pflanzenreich Monogiaph , a n du n t i l 9 flowe1 s co m e to ha n d i ts pos i t io n i n t h e ge n us m us t r ema indoubtful .MALLOTU S COCH INCH INENS I S Lou r . Sogo r e

,1750 ft . , 196 .

HOMALANTHUS BRACHYSTACHYS Pax K . Hoflm. e x desc r i pt .Sogere , 2000 ft .

, 871 . S m al l t r e e . T h e r e a r e n o 6 flow e r s ; h e n c et h e dete rmi n at ion i s somew h a t doubtful .

Umu enm.

Tamra ORIENTALI S Bl . Sogere, 2000 ft 324 .

MORACE ZE .

Free s P a l ceomorpke .

Freus sununam Bl . Sogere, 1750—2500 ft .

, 60 , 62 , 179 , 223 ,2647, 283 , 833 . Sti pul es s h o r t (about 2 cm. l o n g ) l i ke t h ose ofF . D ecaisneana M iq . , but m os t of t h e subulata spe c i m e n s in t h eLo n do n h e r ba r ia h a ve s h o r t sti pu les .

Ficus pt eleaphyl l a S . Moo r e , sp. 1i . A 7 bo7° r 777n7777s p r i m oferrugineis hispidul is ta n de m glabreseent ibus co r t ic e c i n e r eo Obduc t is

f o l 771s°

o

al ternis brevipetio lat is ( pet . fu l vo h ispidul is 6 10 m m . lo n g . )o vato oblongis bre viter acuminat is api c e acut is bas i val d e obl iquis

d is ti n c te ets i b r ev i to r co rdat is 5 (obsc u r e 7 ne1 vibus m a r g i n e de ntat is pergamaceis utrobique asperrimis pl erisque c i 1 ca IUX G em.

c os t i s lateral ibus utrin 1118 (basal ibus exempt is) 6 7 j u xta m a r gi n e marcuat is a n gul o sat lato insertis ut i costal 1e ret ic ulumque arc tumpag.

i n f. ‘

opt imeo

eminent ibuS °

3 7717 77773 subulat is ac uminat is ext us h ispi

dul i s 411—5 m m . lo n g . ; 77°

ecept 770 77l 7s axil laribus ple rumque so l itarus

globosis osteo lo pa r vo fe r e pla n o extus scabridis i n t us v il lo su l is

pedunculo scabrido juxta m ed i u m b1ac teis 2 parvul is o n 1is to 5— 7 111111 .

l o n g . insident ibus ; fl 0 7°71777s 9 so l u m v isis ; cab/7: 73 a l te pa1 t i t i s eg

m e n t i s ac h ae n i u m exceden t ibus spathul ato-oblo ngis obtus is di l u te

pu n‘i c eo -punc tatis 2 m m . long ; 77737776 77773 obovoideis st ramineis

glabris X 1 m m . ; 8 73710 late ra l i 1 m m . l o n g .

Sogere, 3000 ft . , 106 . A t r ee 35 feet h ig h . Figs b1°i1 rl1t o r a n ge .

D i ffe r s f r o m F . p 7s7fe 7°

77 Wal l . i n t h e s m al le r vcrv scab rous lea 1 e sn o t g radual ly n a r r ow ed 111 t h e lon e r h a l f, a n d 11 it h c lose r and 111111 13

p ro m i n e n t r eti c ulatio n upo n t h e low e r face , and t h e b i igh t o iange l ig s .t h e 9 flow e r s w i t h a m a r k ed ly l 11te1al n ot a l m os t te rmi n al st 1 lo . I ti s becaus e of t h i s p1 es11111ed afln i ity t h at t h e pla ,n t i n t h e a bse n c e o fd and ga l l flower

°

s , 1s placed p1o visional ly 111 t h i s sec t io n .

Uros l igma .

F . H E e mDH Fomn s lu ng i n Jou r n . As . Soc . Be n ga l . i i . 40 1 .

Mt . Wo r i -w o r i ,‘

5000 ft . , 737 . A la r ge t r ee figs 11 r i c h or an geflus h ed w i t h lake p11rple .

— F . E D E LF E LT II l \ 1ng. op . 402 .

Sogere , 2500 5 9 ,

1 109 . A larg1° t r ee 1 tigs g r ee n .

Jo 1111N 11 1. o r Alma 1923 . y

50 D I1. 11 . o . Fo nmzs’


Fi cus f r ondosa. S . Moo r e , sp. n . A rbor ? vel a r bus cula ? glab ra77 7777177715° subteret ibus co r t ic e brunneo - c i n e r eo Obduc t is ; f 0 777s al ternis

am pl i s pet io lat is (pet . 8— 10 m m . l o n g . ) ob lo n go - ovat is brev iter cus

pidato-acuminat is obtusis bas i 1eq 11 ilat eral iter obtusis 5—7 - ncrv ibus

(basalibus v e r o t enuibus ) pergamaceis pag . i n f . l e v i te r scabriusculaexc lusa glabris pal l id e n it idis sup r a i n sicco g r i se i s subtus griseo

v iridibus sed junioribus i b id e m laete brunneis 16—24 x 8- 12 c m . cos ti slat eral ibus ut rinque 9

—10 p r ope ma rg i n e m arcuat is pag . ut rav is co nspicuis costul is ret iculoque sat a r ct o pag. i n f . so l u m fac i l e v isis ;3 7777 77 773 lanceo lat is acuminat is glabris 2 8 c m . l o n g ; 77 7377177770 77773

so l itariis axil lar ibus dep r e sse globosis rugosis glabris c i i ca 12 x 20 111111 .

pedunculo co m p r esso gl ab r o api c e m i n ute bract eato 13 m m . l o n g .

f 11l t is ; fl 0 7°77) 77s 75 u t i flo r es gal l i n i ped i c el lo co m p r esso b1 11n 11eo c i r ca

2 111m. l o n g . insident ibus ; inequal iter 3—1 - pa 1 tito segmen t is

o vat is c i r ca 1 m m . 777777773 77 7 s ub r otu n da 111m. d ia m . filamen toc rass iusculo 4 111m. l o n g . 770 77 177 773 77777777773 cal v ce 4 l obo lobis ob longisvel oblo n go obmat is r ub ro b1 unn eis c i r ca 2 1ilm. l o n g . 0 7 777 70 globoso

glab r o ; s fz/ 777 late ral i b ifido S 1epe u sque 2 9sess il ibus 1 e1 pedi c e l lo interdum u sq ue 3 vel e t ia m 4 m m . l o n g .

ful t is ; il l . gal l . ; 0 77777 70 obo voideo 1 °8 x 1°2 m m . glab r o ;

l a te ra l i (nonnunquam fe r e basa l i ) bifido . fl l . sessil ium saepe

u sq ue 111m. lo n g . 111. pedicel latorumbreviore se . szepe us que 4 m m .

a bb re v iato .

Sogere ,~174 .

Afiin itv 11 i t h F . E 776 7f73 7777 Ki n g, bu t w i t h s h o r te r - s tal ked glab r ousl ea ves

,m uc h lo n ge r s ti pu l es , a n d la r ge r difierent ly- s h aped figs .

F . L1 11'

E SII Ki n g, op . C77. 403 . Sogere , 3000 ft .,85 . Lea ves of

the Museu m spec i m e n s m al l e r t h a n desc r ibed by Ki n g,o n ly 6— l o x

—5 c m . a n d s t ipu les lo n ge rF . CA S E ARIOID E S Ki n g , op . c it . 403 . Mt . Gaw ada , 5000 ft .

,508 .

A m ode ra te - s i zed t r ee . Figs da r k g r ee n .

F . SCRATCHTE YANA Ki n g , op . c it . Meroka Ra n ge,2500 ft .

,

900 . A la r ge c l i m be r . F r u it pa l e g r ee n .

Sycidz’

um.

F . ARMITI King , Op . 0 77. 404 . Sogere , 1750 ft . , 609 . Cl i m be r,F igs pal e p i n k w i t h s l i g h t g r ee n g r o u n d - c o lo u r .Ficus cinnabarina S . Moo r e

,sp. 11 . 14 7777730 7777 fe r e glab ra ;

77 777777778 st riat is co r t ic e r ubesce n te circumdat is ; f o777s al ternis pet inlat i s (pct . c i r c a 1 c m . l o n g . ramcnt is parvul is brunneis pra

edit is )submquilateral it er oblo n go - cordat is acuminat is api c e obtusis m a r gi n el e v i te r undulat i5 7 - 11ervibus ( j ugo proximal i ve r o v i x ej usde m valo ris )

0 °amaceis sup r a i n sicco pall ide v i1 idi g r i se i s subtus brunneis

l 2 17 x 5°5 — 7 c m . costi s lat . ut rinque (5 cos tul is u ti costae pag . i n f .

prominen t ibus r eti c ul o n i s i s ub l e n te pa r u m aspec tabili ; 3 7777 77773

subula t is de n se pubescent ibus 3 11 1111. l o n g . 7 77 7 7777770 77773 verisimil iteraxil laribus so l itariisque dep r es se globosis 1

°

11goso p i loso


5 2 1111 . 11 . o . FonnE s’

s N E W GU INEA PLANT S

rct iculumque laxum sat prominent ibus ; s tipul is lanceolat is acum i Jnat i s do r so appresse a lbo -hispidul is 1 c m . long . mmu l isfl oren tibus

breviter ramosis nodosis spec . u n i c i v i s i sum m u m 6 c m . l o n g . et

4—5 m m . c r ass . receptacu l is fasciculatis globosis ped ic el l o verisimil i t e r nudo usque 7 m m . long . insident ibus a lbo - tomentosis c i r ca23 mm. dia m . ost eolo l e v i te r prominulo ; fl oribus o

’

pedicel lat is (ped .

c i r ca 2 m m . l ong ) ; ca lyce 3 - pa r ti to segment is oblongo -ovat is o h tusissimis cir c a 1 mm. lo n g . ; an themsubsessil i oblongo

-ovo ideo 1 111111 .long . fl or ibus ga l l inis n ud i s ( r a r i ss i m e ca lyc e m inuti s s i m o praeditis)n u n c sessil ibus n un c pedicel l is nonnunquam usque 2 5 m m . lo n g .

sustentis ; ovar io ovo i deo glab r o 1 5 m m . l o n g . ; s tyl o b r evi te r m i n a lim odo ‘2 m m . lo n g .

Nea r Ke r epu n u, s i n e n o .

V e ry c lo se to F . hisp ida B l . diffe r i n g in t h e rel at i vely broaderl ea ve s r ou n ded at t h e top, t h e short fig-beari n g b1a nches, if i n deedt h e w h o le l ength is s h ow n by t h e s pe c i m e n , t h e f ru i t i n g ped i c e l sappa r e n tly de vo i d of ap ica l b rac ts a n d t h e ped ic e l la te d a n d gal lfiow ers, t h e latter w i t h a late ra l (not a ter m inal ) style . Fe m al eflow e r s n ot see n .

F . BE RNAYSII K ing , op . cit . 406. Koikoko H i l l s , 2500 ft . , 625 .

A t r e e about 40 ft . h i g h . S l e n de r faded -pu r p le figs grow i n g o n ste m .

E asy/cc .

F . PANTONIANA Ki n g, op . cit . 407 . Sogere, 2500 ft . ,185 .

La r ge tree about 40 ft. F ru i t ri c h -verh1 il ion r ipen i n g pu r p l eb lac k .

F . BAUE RLE NI Ki n g, op . cit . 408, Sogere, 2000 ft . , 378 .

La r ge t r ee . Figs pal e g r ee n below w i t h w h i te dots , o n top pu r pl i s hw i t h w h i t i s h do t s .F . D URIU SCULA Ki n g . Sogere, 2000

—3000 ft ., 132 , 435 , 562 , 765 .

F. OD OABDI King . 2000 ft .

,830 . A la rge c l i m be r : Figs pale

c a r m i n e .F

. RHIZOPHORJE PHYLLA Ki n g , op . c it . 410 . M t . G awada ,4500 ft . ,

578 . Mt . Ko ikoko , 2500 929 . Figs b r i g h t ora n ge .F .OPPO S ITA M i11. , n ea r Ke r epu n u, s ine 110 . F . Mue l l e r n o ted

t h i s Aust r a l ia n spemes as p robably Papua n (Descr . Notes PapuanP l

. iv . but , in the absen c e of figs , c e r ta inty w as n o t poss ibl e .W h i te (P roc . R . Soc . Queen sland , x xx i v . 23) r eco r ds a Fo r bes

Papua n spec i m en of F . fisiu l osa Reinw . as be i n g at Melbou r n e .Pe r h aps F . subu lata B l . i s m eant, a spec ies ex te r n a l ly ve ry

.

l i k eF .fis tu losa .

Cunnxnm SPINO SA Koo rd . Mt . Gawada , 41000 ft . , 574 .

Parartocarpus papua n a S . Moo r e , sp. n . V erisimiliter arbor

glabe r ; ramu l is subt eret ibus co r t i c e griseo cop iose l ent icel liferoobduct is ; f o l iis al ternis pet io lat is ( pet . 1 cm. l ong . ) oblongis

v e l anguste oblongo - o vat is ac uminat is (acumine obtuso 1—2 c m . lo n g . )bas i al iquantulum obl iqua ro tundat is m a r gi n e le v i te r undulat is subtus

crcberrime t csse lat is pergamac eis i n sicco castaneis ve l subcastaneisco sti s lat . utrinque 10— 16 pag . ut rav is eminent ibus r et iculo laxo benev i so max i m e a r c to ; cap iiul is 9 so l itariis paul lulum cxaxil laribus

1110 110 0 11“ MYD E E 53

globosis florescent ibus c i r ca 1 5 c m . diam. peduncul is sat val idis m inut i s s i m e ferrugineis 3—7 c m . l ong . ful t is ; bracte is ext . nul l is int .

plu r i bus l loribus arcte appressis l inearibus pi lo s i s 3 m m . long . apic epe l tato 3 m m . d ia m . ; p er ian thio obo voideo brac tcas mox supera ntebrev iter 4 -dentato tempo r e florendi 5 mm. long . dent ibus appro xi

111at is_fora111en parvulum rel inquent ibus ; ovar io o vo ideo glab ro fe r e

2 mm. long. ; s tyl o m ic ro scop ico puberulo v i x 1 mm. long . st i g m at i bas 2 inc lusis al iquanto compressis obtusis crassiusculis m m .

long . ; ovu l o ab api c e pe n dulo ; achwn iis p r o cap itulo pl erumque

pl uribns (nonnunquam ve ro m odo 1 vel 2 ) l iberis subglobosis i n siccofusc is usque 1 cm. d ia m . ; semin ibus testa tenuiter m e m branaceacin

'

ct is subglobosis 8 m m . l o n g . cotyl edonibus i n ter se aequa l ibus

ca r 110 5 1s .S ogere , 331 , 411 , 503 .

I n t h e absence of t h e m al e pla n t i t i s so m ew h at doubtful to sayw i t h c erta inty to w h a t ge n us t h i s be longs , but Parar tocmyms see m st h e m o s t l ike ly pos i t io n for i t .

Aarocaa s IN C I SA L . f . Sogere , 1750 ft . , 158 .

URT ICACEE .

LAPORTEA MAMM OMISE TO SA H . Wink ] . Sogere, 403 .

E LATO ST E MMA BE SQUIFOLIUM Hassk . Sogere , 2500 ft .

, 36 .

POIKILO SPE RM UM AM BOIN E N S E Zipp . R i ve r s ide , Sege ro, 175 0 ft .,

685 . La r ge c lim be r . F ru i t pu r ple .PIPTU RU S ARGE NTE US Wedd . Sogo r e , 2000—2500 ft . , 80 , 126 ,

457 . W i n k le r (Bot . Jahrb . l v i i . 5 88 ) quotes No . 50 fo r t h i s,

appa r e n tly a m i stak e fo r 80 .

V ILLE BRUN E A TR INERV I S Wedd . Sogere , 2500 ft . , 131 .

LE UCO SYK E CAPIT E LLATA Wedd . Suge r e , 200 0 f t ., 426 , 458 .

JUGLAND ACE E .

E N GE LHABD TIA LEP IDOTA Sc h l ec h te r . Sogo r e , 3200 ft ., 29 1 .

Koikoko h i l l s , 3000 ft .,595 . A s m a l l o r co n s ide rable t r ee . F rui t ing

b r ac ts pa le g r ee n .

CABUARINAC E JS.

Casuarina papuana S . Moo r e , Sp. n . Ramul is erec t is gmcil liinis111m. c ra ss . ) tet raquct ris glabris in ternodiis 2— 1 111m. lo ng . de n t i

bus pro nodo 4 abbrev iat is ( 6 111111 . lo ng . ) t riangularibus ac ut is

glabris ; sir obil is globosis glabris 1 5 c m . d iam. ; bra c l c is o vat is

4 mm. long . apic e t runcato - 1110111ssat is t riangularibus rugo s is tpte c i r ca4 x 2 m m . ; bracieol is oblongo - o vat is obt us is do r so s t ria t is glabris

usque ad 4 m m . e brac teis eminen t ibus ; semi/t ibus o vo ide is 4 x 2 °

C} 111111.

testa b runn ea st rio lata t ec t is a laque il ' tJU llU l lgl l orato -oblo nga apiee

muc ronulata praadit is .

Sout h Cape . 9 13 a .

Affin i ty w i t h O. 710 111770 77 1 Fo r s t . and C'

. F unzp lziuua M l tl . ; eas i lyd i s t ingui s h ed f r o m bot h by the b racts .

5 11 DR . 11 . o . FonnE s‘s NE W GU INEA ru n s

FAGACEE .

Qrmc r s JUNouUnNn M iq . Sogere, 1850 ft .

,600 . A m ode rate

t r ee , 50 feet mo r e o r les s . F low e r s in ye l low i s h -g r een ca tk in s .Pasa n ia E upasan ia ) sogerensm S . M oo r e , sp. n . A 7 bor

m agna ; ” mm/i s subtei et ibus m inute griseo pubescent ibus mox glab t escent ibus cort iceque griseo

- fusco obduc t is ; jo l izs brev ipet io latis( pet . c i r ca 5 mm. l ong . ) oblongo ovat is obtusis ve l b1eviter cusp idati s bas i i otundat is n i s i obtusis in teg1is c i to glabris supi a g1 iseob l unneis pall idissimeque nit idis subtus subglauc is pl ei isque 9 x

—5 c m . co sti s la t . t enuibus ut rinque 6— 8 pag . sup. pa ru m v i s i

bil ibus pag . inf. eminent ibus r e t iculo fac ie ut ravis m ax i m e a r ctofei e m odo E n

‘

diandr '

an un ets i obscuriore ; sp icis simpl icibus (annes e m pe r glabris verisimiliter c i 1ca usque 10 c m . long . fl ora /n

9 so lum cognitorum in vo luc ro campanulato mox c ii caD

(5 x 4 mm.

e squamis mul t ise1 iat is lanceolat is acuminat is su r sum inte r s e l ibe1 issist ente ; p er ian ihio urc eo la to m inute griseo

- lep idote 5 mm. d ia m .

hujus liinbo 1 5 itim. lo n g . b r e v i ss i m e lobato ; s ty l i s 3 subst 1 ic t is

indui at is fe r e 1 mm. long . ; cupu l a pedi c e l lo ciasso squamoso c i r c a5 mm. lo n g . insidente glab r a 13 mm. a l t . 25 111m. dia m . hujus squamisi11fe1 io1 ibus obscu r e zonat is o m n i bus la te t i iangularibus apicibus

l ibet is indurat is fusc is c i 1 ca 1 m m . lo n g . ; gl ande 27 x 25 mm. quadran te 1nfe1 10 1 1 cupul a imm e r sa o vo idea api ce umbo n e parvulo 1 mml ong . dona ta 1n sicco laete b run n ea n i t ida longit ro rsum st 1 1o lata

Sogere, 3200 ft . , 300 . A g r eat t r ee . Aco r n s b r ig h t g r een in greycups .

Nos . 354 f r o m Mt . Meroka, a v e ry la r ge t r ee w i t h ( ve ry ea r ly)d i r ty g1 ee n infiore scences ( d a n d 527 f ro m M t . G aw ada

,5 000 ft .

,3.

l a r ge t r ee , you n g i n vo luc r e s pa l e gree n , are i n dete r m i n abl e l’asanias .

MONOCOTYLEDONS.

BY D R . A. B . REND LE , F .R.S .

Fo r b es ’ s M o n ocoty l edo n ous pla n ts w e r e e n ume r ated and desc r i bedin 18 86 by Mr . H . N . l t idl ey i n t h i s Jou rna l ( xx i v . p . 32 1,

but so m e r ev i s io n h a s bee n fou n d n e ces sa ry i n the l ig h t of u o r crece n t wo r k .

BURMANNIACE E .

B UR M ANN IA LONG IFOL IA Becc . Sogo r e , Sout h Cape , n o n um be r .

O RCH ID ACEE .

0 1312110 111 11 Hamannr as Ridl . i n Jou rn . Bot . 1886, 322 .

Sogere , Sout h Cape , no n um be r . Flow e r w h i te , co lum n a n d l i po range .

LIPARI S LONG IPE S Lind ] . Sogere , 1800 ft . , 394 .

l ) E ND l tO B l UM Ridl . l . c . Soge1 e, 755 .

Flow ers ga m boge - g r ee n .


56 DR . 11 . o . romms ’

s N EW GU INEA PLANT S

ZIN G IBE RACE ZE .

CURCU M A sp. Sogere, 1050 ft . , 244 . Erec t h e r b . Flow e r s b r ig h tora n ge i n pu r pl e spat h e s .Th i s spec i m en was fo r m e r ly a ss i g n ed (Ridl . l . c . 356) to C

'. ar o

mafi ca L.,but M r . R id l ey ag r ees w i t h m e t h at it does n o t r ep r esen t

t h at spec ies . I t i s about 5 dm. h i g h , a n d bea r s a pa i r of lo n gs tal ked lea ves w i th base tape r ing i n to t he pe t io l e , t h e blade 22—25 c m .

by 9—13 c m . , betw ee n w h ich springs a rat h e r de n s e flow er- sp i k e ,1 1 c m . lo n g, exc lud i n g t h e s tal k , by 35 c m . , g r eates t w i dt h . T h espike i s la n c eo late in outl ine , w i t h a v e ry blunt apex . T h e upperb r ac ts st i l l s h ow t h e pu r pl e co lour i n t h e ir upper h a l ves . T h e flow e r sh a ve d ropped .

RIE DE LIA DE CURVA Val e t . i n E n g]. Bot . Jahrb . 111. 77

A lpim’

a decurva Ridl . l . c . 357 . Sogere, 2000—2800 ft . , 4 1 , 53 , 57 ,

229 , 231, 253 .

R . AFF INI S K . Sc h um . i n Pflanzenreich , iv . 46, 373

A . qfin is B id] . 1. c . Sogere , 2500 ft . , 2 , 58 .

Co s'

rU s S PE CIOSUS Sm. var. H IRSUTA B l . Sogere, Korkoko

Range,2500 ft . , 797 .

TAPE INOCHILUS P UBESCE NS Rid] . l . c . 356 . Sogere, 3000 ft . ,

143 b, 144 a .

T.PUNGEN S Mique l . Sogere, 3000 ft . , 142, 143 a, 144 , 145 .

MARANTACE ZE .

D ONAX CANNE FORMIS K . Sc h u m . C l inogj/ne grandis Be n t h ,

(Ridl . Z. c . Sogere , r i ve r - s ide , 1750 ft . , 683 .

P l -IRYNIUM aft . PE DUNCULATO Warb . Sogere, 326 . Flow ers too

you n g fo r dete r m i n at io n .

D IO SCORE ACE ZE .

D rosconm PENTAPHYLLA Lam. Sogere, M eroka Mts . , 2500 ft . ,

L I LIACEE .

SM I LAX . T h r ee spec i es a r e rep r esen ted i n t h e co l l ec tio n . One

(Sogere , 2500 ft . ,189 ) w as dete rmined byM r. R i dl ey ( l . c . 358 )

as S . l eucop/zg/l la BL, but i s p robably no t t h a t Spec ies t h e spec imen

i s in ve ry young f ru i t . A second , bea r ing f rui t (Sogere , 2500 ft . , 63 ,

334 ,i s pe r h aps S . pap uana Lautei‘b. ( i n E ng] . Jah rb. l .

w h ic h i s desc r ibed f rom a m a le spec imen on ly . A t h i r d (Sogere,1700— 2500 ft . ,

70 , 214 , 263 ) i s a l so r ep r es ented by f ru i t on ly .

D RACJE NA ANG US'

I‘IFO LIA Roxb . Sogere , 2000 ft . , 274 , 754 .

CORDYLINE TER M INAL I S Ku n t h . Sogere, 2000 ft ., 18 . Frui ti n g

spec imen .

C .AN GU STI S S I M A K . Schum. 1n Nach t r . Fl . deutsc h . Schutzgeb .

Sudsee (53 A spec i m en w i t h out flowe r s f r o m Sogere , 3000 ft . ,

no . 177 , pe r h aps be longs to t h i s spec i es . I t i s a n e r ec t s h rub w i ths ca r let f ru i t and long na r row l ea v es rat h e r w ide r t h an in .t h e type ,to 12 m m . b road .

M ONOCOTYLEDONS 57

C. Forbesu Re n dl e , sp. n . F 1 11tex e1 ecta, eaudice sub apice8 m m . c 1 ass . ; f ol zz

'

s anguste oblanceo lat is api ce acut is bas i 111 pet iol um l ongu m attenuat is , 50—65 c m . long . (cum petio le ) , 2 2 3 c m . lat . ,sup1 a n i t ida st r iato -nervosa ; pe t 1ol o 12 15 em. longe m a rg i ne a la tobas i amplex i caul e ; inflmescent ia t eiminal is pauei Jamesa ,

12 cm.

longa , r a m i s 2 brev ibus ( v i x 3 c m . l ong . ) fl ow /ms 11 110 0 11 sub

globosa 6—8 m m . dia m . rubescente brev it er ped ice l lata , ped ic el l o v i x2 m m . long , 3 - loculare , seminibus 3—4 in quoque locu lo , n i t ide at r i s ,angulat is, 3 m m . l o n gi s . .Draccena sp. R id ] l . c . 35 8 .

Soge1e , 1800 ft .,258 . E i ec t s h rub , f1ui t f1 om g1 een to l i g h t 1 ed .

Oc toberWe l l d i st i n gu i s h ed f ro m t h e ot h e r Papuan spec i es by t h e lo n g

n a rrow ly lanc eolate lea ves and t h e s h o r t sca r c e ly b ranc h ed in l lorescenee .

D IANELLA sp. Sogere , 2000 ft .,327 . F lowe r s da r k pu r pl e - blue .

T h is . spec i m en was ass i gned by R id ley , l . c . 358,t o ens

-{fo l ioRed , but ag r ees m o r e c lo se ly w i t h t he des c r iption and figu r e of

D . car inata Hal l i e r , in N ew G uinea , v i i i . 999 , t . 186 ,t h oug h t h e

pa n i c l e i'

s muc h longe r , exceed i n g t h e l eaves . T h e r e are no pe r fec tflow e r s 0 11 t h e spec i m en .

COMM EL INACE E .

CYANOTIS CAPI TATA C . B . C la r k e . Sout h Cape , 919 .

FLAGE LLARIACE E .

FLAGELLARIA IND ICA L . Sogere , r i ve r - s ide , 17 50 f t . , 688 ,

flow e r s w h i te a n d g r een i s h w h i te ; and at 2000 f t .

, 1 9 ,ye l low i s h

w h ite f rui t .PALM ACE JZ.

PTYCH O SPER M A CARYOT OID E S R i d ] . l . c . 35 8 . Sogere , 2500

3000 ft . , 93 , 1 66 , 307 .

P . RIDLEY I. Becc . in Nuov . G iorn . I ta l . xx . 179 (sub P . [ 111'

y1osa25 00 ft .

, 72 .

LINO SPAD IX F LAB E LLA'

l U S Becc . Sogere , 25 00 ft . , 235 .

L . FORBE SH R id ] . l . c . Sogere , 2500 f t ., 163 , 2 1 1 . Flow e is

g1ee n , f1u i t 0 1ange 1 ed .

CALA M U S W -AR I WARIE NSIS Bee c . in Ann . Roy. Ro t , G um] ,

outta , x i . App. 7 1 , t . 38 . Soge1e , M t . \'Vo r i - w o r i , 5 00 0 ft . , 74 1 . A

c l imbe1 w i t h w h i ti s h yel low ilOWOl s

T h e co l l ec t ion conta in s tw o o t lu r s pec ies , o ne w ith 1 0 1111 1: ma leflow ei s on ly , refei red by M r . R id le r to A enya ( Segu e

,2110 1111

and o n e i n f1u i t (Sogei c , w i t h out

I’ANDANACE jj.

FREYC INETIA AN GU STIS s l MA Kid] . 1. 19 0 1e 21101) ft . , 3 ,

F . FORB E S I1 Rid] . I. c . Soge i e , M t . lxo ikoko , 25 00 ft 628 11

Mt. Meroka,

352 . F r ui t b r ig h t sca r let .

JOURNAL or BOTANY , DECEM BER 1923 . I1

5 8 DR . 11 . o . FORB E S°

S N E w G U INEA PLANTS

Freycin et ia sogerensis Rendle , sp. 11 . F ru tex s ca n den s v e1

asc ende n s , 77 1 7110 6 111m. c r a s s . in sicco n i tente,internodiis 7—1 1 m m .

long ; f o l iis aseendent ibus , subfiexuosis , submembia naceis, angustel inea r i - lanceo lat is —3 dm. long . 9—13 l i 1m. l at . supe rn e sensimat tenuat is in fe rne ad ba s in amplec t ent em pau l lo angustat is ; au 1 icul is

3 cm. long . c i to in fibi as so l 11t is ; l 11m1

°

11ce 111a1gin ibus in parteint

°

e1 i0 1 e e t sub a pic e spai sius denticulato spinulosis , costa m ed iasup i a impi essa in fra pi ominen te et spai se spinulosa ; spadicibus

fwmmezs te 1 n i s in apic e ramulorum b1 ev ium,

o

pedicel l is ad 1 5 c m .

long . subangulat is plus minus spinuloso 1 11gosis ; synca7p 1°

1s i m m at in i s el l ipt ico oblongis l 1 4 c m . l ong . 8 10 m m . c

°

1ass . , pist il l is 3 mm.

longi s ap ice subconicale annulo pal l idiore co r o n a to , st igmat is seepius

2—4, interdum 5 .

Sogere, 2500 ft ., 75 . C l imb ing o r a scend ing s h rub , f rui t g r ee n .

F r om t h e desc r ipt ion appa r en tly c lo sely al l i ed to a New Pomeran ia n spec i es , F reyc ine tia n o va -

p omemm'

ca Ma r te l l i,w h i c h d i ffe r s

among ot h e r po ints in h a v i n g s m oot h pedi c e l s to t h e sy n ca r ps .

ARACE JE .

E P1PE E 1 1NU 11 MAGNIFICUM E ngler . Sogere, 2000 ft . , 128 , 828 .

F rui t g r ee n t o o r ange a n d sca r l e t .Raphidoph ora Forbesii Rendl e , sp. n . H e r ba sca n den s

, cau

( l ice (3 dm. ah - apic e ) 13 mm. c rass . e n ed i s rad ican te i n sicc o

r ugoso jbl iommn pe t io l o la m inam paul lo exc eden te , specimine 23— 27

c m . l ong , vagina memb ranac ea mox l ace rata infe rne lat iuseula sur

sum angustata baud ad gen ieul i bas in attingente in structo ; laminal ate obo vato s e l l ipt ica api c e brev iter acuta ba s i late cu n eata inaequilate r al e 22—23 c m . long . 11 cm. lat . , a l te r o late r e c i r ca 1

:

l at iore, n e r v i s late1a l ibus primariis qua m n e r v i secundarii n um e r osiv ix crassioribus a n gulo c i1 c a 60

°— 70° a costa subtus pi ominent e

abeun t ibus m a r gine m v e r sus arcuat is ; pedun cu l o 3 c m . l o ng. c r asse ;spadz

'

ce h aud st ipitato cyl indrico su r sum paul l o attenuato apic e rotundate , 6 cm. l ong . bas i 1 5 c m . crass . ; p 1s tzl l 1

'

s prismati c is v e1t i c ep luri angulat is 5 m m . lo n g . st igmate 0 1biculai i in sty lo 1 mm. l ongoelevato ; 0 1 u l z

°

s e plac e n ta memb1anacea 0 1 iundis funiculo l o n goe levat is .

°

Sogere , 2500 ft .,323 . F rui t ( ve ry you n g) g r ey i s h w h i te .

D oubt ful ly 1w

efe1 1 ed by R id l ey , l . c . 309 , to R . P eep la Sc h o tt , buta b r oade r l ea ved spec ies , and c liai ac tel ised by t h e sti g m a being co nspicuously e le vated on a styla1 pi ocess of t h e t op of t h e p i sti l .

APONO G E TONACE ZE .

APONOGETON LORI E M a r te l l i , fo r m a . Sogere, i n a n afflue n t oft h e Laragi, s ine no .

T h i s was det en n ined by R id l ey , 359 , as A . cr ispus T h u n b .,a

s pec ie s f r o m Sout h e r n Ind ia and Cey lon . 1 h a ve seen n o aut h e n t icspec i m e n o f A . L o ; 1113 , w h i c h

°

i s r eco r ded by Ma rt el l i f ro m Sout h eastG ui n ea and Ne i t h ea st Queen s land , but , judging fro m Ma r tel l i

’

s

de sc r ipt ion ,I t h ink Pmbes s plan t may be a s m al l fo r m of the

spe c ies . T h e nai row l inea r lahceo late l ea ves am about 10 cm. lo n g


60 D 11 . 11 . o . r onB E s’

s NE W GU INEA PLAN T S

ianceolatae Fobtusze segment is 10 - 12 inst ructae ; seg m e n ta al te r n ata ,bas i + adnata ac ro scopice pa rum au r i cul ata , oblonga obtusa ut rinqueobtuse 2— 3 lobata . Textu r a c h a r tac ea ; co l o r pal l ide brunneus ;pagina supe r io r glab ra , rachibus cost isque + pubescent ibus ; rac h esco stae venueque post ice pi l i s art iculat is praeditae ; venat io dichotomopinnata. So r i so l i ta r i i vel

,

b in i te r m inales i n m a r gi n i s loborumacroscopic i s inu disposit i. Indus iu m m i n utum m e m b r anac eum .

O tomionumu H i l l , 2000 ft ., 5 55 .

L i ttl e mo r e t h an one p inna of a la r ge f r ond , t h e s ize and s h ape ofw h ic h a1e , l i k e t h e r h izome and s t i pe s , unknow n . Appa r e n t ly d ist i n c t f ro m H . 191131 110 11 11 Ba i l ey .

D 0 3 1 OPT E BIS C ONCOLOR Ku h n . Narinumu v i l lage , 2500 ft . , o nr ocks

,

°

l n da m p Ci ev ices, 849 .

PT E BIDICM AQU ILINU M Ku h n va r . LANUGINO SUM Hook . Sogere,

3200 ft . , te r r est r ial , 3041 .Aspl en ium stipitiforme G epp , sp. n . R h i zoma brev iter r epe n s

pale is fusco -brunncis lanceolat is acuminat is obtectum ; f r ondes ap

proximatae s i m pl ic es fe r e sess i l es 22— 30 c m . longze, e la m ina3—4 c m .

lata el l iptico- l anceo lata acumi n ate - cuspidata infe r n e in costam an

guste alatam st ipit iformem 8— 13 cm. longam 2 m m . lata m sensimattenuata co m pos i tae , 1ma1gi n e supe rne irregulai iter c r e n a to - se r r a to .Textu r a c h a r tac ea ; paginze glahrze glauco

o

v irides ; vena s i m pl ic esra r e fu1 cat1e pate n te s ad m a rginem at t ingentes . So r i copio s i subcont igui laminze dorsuin (except is acuminemarginibusque ) obtegen te s,et i n pa r te st ipit iformi fe r e u sque ad bas i m sparsius dispo sit i.

Sogere , epidend r i c and te r r est r ia l , 443 .

T h e f rond i s r ema r kabl e for i ts na r row ed s tip it ifo r m low e r h a l f,upo n t h e alae of w h ic h t h e so r i a r e co n t inued al m o st to t h e bas e . T h eplan t i s pe r h aps m o st n ea r ly a l l ied to A . 39 1111 11111111111 111, but i s s m a l l e r ,has a s m al ler de vel op m en t of la m ina i n i ts f ro n d , h as a p r o n ou n c edcuspida te apex

,and so r i w h ich run f ro m t h e costa a l m os t to t h e

m a r gin .

A . SAL IGNU M B lume . Sogere , ep idend r i c , 1750 ft . , 611 . T h i sappeai s to be not h i ng but a

D

la r ge fo rm “ ith sti pes 37 c m . l o n g2 5 mm. t h ic k ; f1ond 40—42 cm. l ong , co m posed of 6 7 alte r n a tesho i t l v stal ked or subsess i l e pinnze 17—20 cm. l o n g , cuspidate atapex .

A . TEKERUH Fo r st . ft 449, 604 .

Al so va r . ACU M INATU M v . Ald . v . Ros . Soge1 e , 584 .

A . PE LLUC I DU M Lam. Sogere , e pidend r i c , 1750 ft .

, 606.

A . MACRO P IIYLLL'

M SW . Sogere , epidend r i c , 5 85 .

A. Lam. M t . Ko ikoko , te r r est r ia l , 3000 ft . ,

Asp l eniu m t enuisectifol ia G epp , sp. 11 . S ti p i tes approximati7— 10 cm. longi 1 cm. c r ass i fusc i spa r se et minute paleacei ; f rondes15 — 22 cm. longae 7—10 c m . la t ze lanceo latze t ripinnat isec tze pinnis

u t rinque c . 20 inst ruc tae ; pinnae c . 5 c m . longae 1—2 c m . latzec o nt iguae subsessilcs lanceo latze caudato -acuminatze patentes pinnul isu t rinque c . 12 ins truc tze ; pin nulae i nfe r io res 1 cm. longze in

seg m enta 4— 7 cu n eato - oblo n ga bincrvata ap ice bide n tata p r ofu n de

F ILICE S 6 1

dissectae , pinnul is superioribus dccrescent ibus et simpl ifieat is . Textu r a papy r ac ea ; r ac h i s firma fuseescens ant ice eanal iculata spa r sepaleo lacea. So r i in segmen t is so l i ta r i i usque ad 2 mm. longi s ;i n dus iu m m e m b r anac eum.

Boge r e , 560 .

T h e affin i ty of t h i s fe r n appea r s to be w i t h d i ssected fo r m s of t h eSout h -A m e r i ca n A . cicutar ium Sw . and t h e Ind ia n A . tenuéfo l iumDo n .

D IPLAZIUM SORZOGON E N SE P r es l . Sogere, te r r es t r ia l , 1750 ft .

,

603 . M t . G awada , 2500 ft .

,883 . 111 t h i s spec i es t he lengt h of t h e

so r i i s e v i de n tly va r iable in t h e p r esent spec imens t h ey r eac h a bouth a lfway f ro m m a r gi n to costa ; i n some l

’Ialayan example s f r omcosta to m a rgi n a n d i n H imalaya n examples h a l fway f ro m co sta tom a r gin.

D . (Anisogonium) PROL I FERU M T h oua r s . Sogere, 1700 ft . ,

te r r es t r ia l, 448 .

D nr orr nnrs (N ep7111

0d111111) CUCI’

LLATA C h r i s t . Sogere, 2000 ft .

,

te r r est r ia l,480 .

Dryopteris (N epbrodizmn) sogerensis G epp , sp. n . R h izome.breviter r epen s ; s tip ite s robust i c . 60 c m . longi st raminei glab r iauricul is pa r v i s pauc i s remot is praediti ; f ro n des c . 75 c m . lo ngzec . 30 c m . latae la n c eo lato - ob longue ; pinnae ses s i l es 15— 19 c m . l onga}

c m . latae l inea r i - lanceolatae acuminatae bas i subt runcatze

m a r gine ad 5} a lae et u l t ra inc i so - l obatae, lobis subtruncat is in tegris

patentibus m m . latis . Textuia papy r acea ; pagime glabrae ;r ac h i s et co stas an t ice pa rum v il losae ; venue ut rinque 8

— 10, basal ibus

1—2 anastomosant ibus . So r i inframediales utrinque 7— 8 .

Sogere , te r r est r ial , 1700 ft .,446 .

C lo se ly r e lated to D . 117 1110 11111 0 . Kuntze , but di ffe r s in i tsn a r row e r p innae m o r e deeply inc i sed and w i t h qu i t e gl ab ro us unde rsu r face . And w i t h i t m ust be ranged tw o spec imens o f sma l le rd imen s io n s w h i c h d i ffe r in h a v i n g on ly 6 pa i r s of ve in s in t h e lobes ;t h ey a r e label l ed —O tomionumu H i l l , 2000 ft . ,

5 56 , and Sogere ,

O tomionumu H i l l , 2500 ft . , 559 .

ASPID IU M ( 18 1190 11111) DECURR EN S P r es l . Mt . Koikoko , te r r est r ial ,3000 ft . ,

594 .

OLEANDRA C U SPIDATA Bake r . Sogo r e , te r r est r ia l , 3200 ft . , 294 .

POLYPOD IUM ( G on ioph l ebizun ) YE RRL'

CO S UM Wa l l ic h . M t . Ro i.

koko , te r r e st r ial , 3000 ft . , 664 .

P. (P l ea/1 8 1113 ) ANNAB ELLE Fo r be s in Jou rn . Bo t . xx v i .

pl. 280 Above t h e M usg ra ve R i ve r at 20 00 ft . , epipl iyt ie o n

t r ee - ste m s .P . (P l eop e l l is ) G LO S SIP E S Bake r . Ko ikoko ,

3000 ft .

P. (P . ) NIG RE S L

‘E N S Bluine . Suge r e , t e r r e st r ia l , 1 50 . O tomio

n u m u H i l l , 20 00 f t . ,5 58 .

Po l ypodiu m (S p l iff/110 11) a l bar ium (1epp, sp. 11 . l il iizmna longer epens a lb i can s , pale is e bas i pe l tata sca r io - n iarginata longe subula t is

(ad 8 irim. ) paten t ibus tuse is a lbesc en t ibus st i pi tes — 6 em. lo ngi

( fer-ti les ad 9 cm. ) glab r i n it en tes pa l l ide brunnei ; f rondes subdi

morplne em. l o n ga) —3 em. la tze ( fe r t i le s e . 12 em. le ngie

62 D 11. 11 . o . Fonnns’

s NE W G U INEA PLANT S

e . 14 c m . latze ) lanceolatee longe acuminatae, bas i subi to a n gustata et

brevit er decurrentes, m a r gine anguste cal losae . Textu r a co r iac ea ;paginae glab ra; nitentes ; venae et areo lat io ex utraque pagina m an ifestue , venis rec t is v e l sinuolat is m a r ginem h aud at t ingen t ibus . So r isupertic iales l inea r es ( r a r e i nte r r upti ) inte r venas singulariter d ispos i t i e cos ta ad 111a1

'

g1ne1n percurrentes .

Sogere , 3200 ft ., 0 11 r ock s , 290 .

V e ry nea r P . Fee i M ett . , but difiering in t h e W h i te - coatedr h izome w i t h subu late scales , t h e a r eo l at io n d i s tin ctly v i s ibl e on bot hsu r fac es of t h e t rend, and t h e so r i r eac h i n g both c osta and m a r gin .

D IPT E R l S CONJUG ATA Reinw . Sogere , te r r es t r ia l , 293 .

DRYNAR IA sp aasrsona Moo r e . Sogere , 1750 ft .,ep idend r ic

, 780 .

MONOG RA M MA PARADOXA Beddo m e . Sogere , epidend r ic , 586 .

ANTRO PHYUM ALATU M B r ac k . Sogere. 2000 ft . , epip h yti c , 123 .

S ogere, O tomionumu H i l l , 2500 f t . , on ro cks , 564 .

V ITTAR IA SCOLOPE NDRINA T h wa i tes . Sogere, 1750 ft . , epiden

d r i c,605 .

— V . E LONGATA Sw . Sogere , 2000 ft .

,ep idend r i c

,262 .

ST E NO CHLZE NA PALU STRI S Bedd . Sogere , 2000 ft ., c l i m b ing , 271 .

LE PTOCHILUS (Ohrysocl hun ) AX ILLARI S Kaul f . 0 11 t h e r a n ges i nf ro n t of t h e Owe n S tan ley Range , w este rn s ide (no nu m be r ) .

PLA '

I‘YCE RIUM GRANDE J . Sm. Sogere , 2000 ft . , ep ip h yt ic , 152 .

Lycopodium ingens G epp , sp. n . P la n ta epipliyt ica giga n tea .Cau l i s robus tus 135 c m . l ongus , basi 6 m m . v e r sus apicem 1 m m .

c r a ssus , cum fo l iis —4 c m . c r assus , te r quaterve furcatus . Fo l ialongi ss i m a (25—31 m m . ) confe r ta e r ec to - patent ia co r i ac ea o vatol anceo lata longe subula te -acum inata ve r sus bas in 0 . 6 m m . l a ta , m a r

ginibus integris valde involut is , postice st r a m i n ea su l cata , antice

i glauea n e r vo p r o m in e n te . Spicae 15 —25 c m . longze , c m .

l at -Je spo r angia in axil l is fol iorum elongatorum, quae caul inis omnino

s ubsimil ia sed confertiora breviom v iridia sunt, disposita.

Sogere, 1800 ft .

,epi p h yti c o n t r ees , 142 .

T h is spec ime n app roac h es L . D n l l10 113 1°

1111 11111 Sp r ing , but i s at

o nce d i st ingu i s h ed by 1t s g reat s ize and robus t h ab i t a n d by t h e l ongs ubul ate l ea ves a n d spo rop h y l l s . T h e t r an s it io n f r o m ste m to sp ikesi s ve ry gradual .

L . FILI FOR M E Roxb . Sogere, 2000 ft . , epidend r ic , 633 — 11 .

P IIM CGM ARIA L . Sogere , a ste r i l e s c rap , w i t h out numbe r . —L . CE RN UUM L. Sogere , 1750 ft . , 275 .

MUSCI .

B r H . N . D ixox, M .A.

, F .L .S .

Macromitrium (E unmcrom1111 11 111 ) brachystel e Dixon , sp. n .flf . L emt ii B ro t h . Par. fo r san affine . Sat robus tum . 13111111

e rec t i, s t r i cti ss imi , c i r ca 3 cm. al ti , s i m pl i c es ve l , praecipue fruc t iferi,a pi c e b rev i ss ime fasc iculato - ramulosi. 170 1111 confcrt issima, m ad idapatenti a , subfalcata , opti m e spiral iter in se r ta ; s i c c a a r e te i n cu r voc o n to r ta c t spiral iter ad i n star fu n i cul i torta , do r so ob margi n es


64 DR . 11 . o . FonB E s’

s NEW G U INEA PLANT S

AE BOBRYOPSIS L ONG I SS I M A (D oz. Molk . ) f . PSEUDO - LANO SA

(B rot h . G eh . ) F l e i sc h . (A er obryumpseudo - l anosumB r o t h .() n b ranc h of s h r ub , Sogere H i l l s , 2000 ft .

, 1 11 .

FLORIBUXDAR IA FLOR IB UNDA (Doz. Mo l k . ) Flei sc h . Mt . O tomionnmu , 3000 ft . , 428 .

N E CKE ROPSIS NANO -DI ST ICHA (G eh . ) B r ot h . Sogere. on l eafsta lk s of t r ee , 945 .

— N . LE PINE ANA (Mo n t ) Fle i s c h . M t . O tomiol numu ,

3000 ft .,432 .

CAM PTOCHIE TE POROTRICHOID E S (Besc h . ) B r o t h . Sogere , 2500 ft . ,

f r ag m e n ts o n ly on bra n c h es of s h rub , 31 .

Cumr omrmum CYGN E UM C . M . Sogere, 2000 ft . ,o n bra n c h

of flow e r ing plan t , 22 , w i t h 705 .

T h e N ew G ui n ea pla n t i s u n doubtedly o n e of t h e fo r m s o r de r i vat iv es of 0 . l ep topoma F l e i sc h e r (Musc i de r Flo r a vo nBui tenzo r g , iii. 1048 ) con side r s C. l ep top oma ,

O.murz’

caz‘umBry. jav . ,

and C. or tkom'kyn ckum (D oz. Mol k . ) as s eg r egates— iw ith d ithcul ty defined— of a single agg r egate spec ies , a n d the p r esen t plan tst r ongly suppo r ts t h a t v i ew . I t i s pe r h aps n ea r es t to 0 . l ep top oma ,

but i t i s i n so m e w ays i n te r m ediate betw ee n t h at a n d C. mum'

ca tumand I h ave rece i ved a n exac tly s i m ilar pla n t f r o m t h e Malaype n i n sula .

C . ELE GANS Geh . Sogere, 3500 ft . , o n b r a n c h es of t r ees , 26 .

D IM ORPHOCLAD ON B ORNE NS E Dixo n in Jou r n . Bot . l x . 109

Sogere, 2500 ft . , on b r an c h es of 32 .

A v e ry i n te r est ing d isco ve r y , t h e pla n t ( t h e so le spec i es of t h ege n us ) be i n g o n ly known f ro m i ts o r ig inal stat io n in Bo r n eo . T h ep r esen t spec i m e n , t h oug h f rag m e n ta ry , a n d w i t h o n ly a s i n gl e seta

,

ag r ees exact ly w i t h t h e o r i gina l plant ; t h e n a r row l eaves w i t hb ige m i n a te de n t i cula t io n above , a n d t h e spo rop h yte c h a r acte r s , beingi de n t i cal

,w h i l e t h e long , h ya l i n e , j o i n ted, fila m e n tous ge m m ae, tufted

a m o n g t h e uppe r l eav es , a r e v e ry con sp i cuous .M E IOTHE CIUM HA M ATU M (C . M .) B r ot h . Sogere, 2000 ft . ,

ep idend r ic,5 15 c .

New to New Gui n ea . D istr . Java ; Sum at r a ; Cey lo n .

LICHENES .

Br ROB ERT PAUL SON , F .L .S .

STICTINA QUE RCIZAN S Nyl . Sogere, 169 a .

S TICTA D E MUTABILIS Krempelh . Sogere, 3000 ft . , 430 .

B ICASOLIA. INTER M EDIA Nyl . Sogere, no n u m be r .PAR M ELIA PERLATA Ach . Sogere, 588 CORNICULANS Nyl .

Sogere , w i t h 660 .

USNEA F LORIDA va r . sr iuoosx Ach . Sogere, n o n u m be r .GERAN IA YE RMIC ULARIS S . F . G ray . Sogere , n o n um be r .PYB E NULA SANLE N SIS Mul l . Arg. Sogere , o n b r anc h of No . 30 .

IN D E X .

For C'

lasmfied Articles , see— Jomn a/s ; Obifnarg/ Reviews . New genera ,species,

var ieties , and new names are distinguished byan asterisk .

The enumeration of D r . H. 0 . For/)es'

s New Guinea Col l ect ion is paged separatelythe names of the new speczes [herezn are (l astingm

'

shed bya prefixed S .

Acalyp h a protracta S 47 sogcrensis

S 47 .

Aean thospermum h i sp idum,126.

Act inotus leucocephal us var . nanel la

285 ; s ilperbus 285 .

Adinandra Fo rbesii S 4 .

E st ivat ion of Ranuncu lus , 209.

Afr ican P lants , 56, 86, 133, 16 1.

Aglamcinnamomea S 9.

Ajuga reptan s Var . alpma,2°

A lde rneyAlgae, 198 .

Aldrovandi’

s He rba r ium,207 .

Alexande r , W i l l iam, 223 .

A lexande r ’ s (R . G .) A P lain P lan ta in92.

A lgae, C h anne l Is lands , 198 P lankton,

f rom Ceylon , 1 10 , 1 19 , 138 , 164 .

Alnus incana , 146.

Al stonia fic ifo lia S 32 .

Alyxia segerensm“,S 31 .

Amaracarpus acunrinatus*, S 26 .

Ame ri can T rees , 28 .

Ames’ s Schedn laz Orch idianm,

’

155 .

Amoora sogerensis S 8 .

Anastrophyl lum Jo n-

gensenii, 230 .

Andes , Bo l iv ian ,204 .

Anemone Pu lsat i l la, 150 .

Angc lesia papuana", S 13 .

Anomaean th us drupaceus 161.

An ta rct i c Regions , Exped it io n to ,

C ryptogams , 105 .

An tidesma megal o earpnm S 46 p r iegrand i fo l i um S 46.

Aphanocapsa, 138 .

Aphano thcce , 139.

Ap ium leptop hyl lum,129.

Aponogeton Lo rne , S 58 .

Arch idendrou Fo r bes i i S l " Soge rens is S 12 .

A rd i s ia tristanio ides 28 .

A rmi tage , E ,Bar ren La rc h es , 176 :

Heret'

o rdsh ire Sp h agna ,2 15 .

Ar no ld A rbo retum, G

2

Arthrodesmus con vergens fo rum t r iangula r i s 170 .

A rum i ta l i cum, 314 .

Asp len i um st ip it ifo rme S 00 ; tenur

sect ifo lia S 60 .

As t ragalus l rigidus . 151 .

Ast ron ia a rborea" , S 21 .

Atropis festucmto rmis , 91 .

Auden ’ s S ta rc h (rev ) , 154 .

Aust ral ia, Flo ra of S "7 .

Ba i ley, L . H . , o n Cul t ivated Bras s icas ,104 ; Gentes l l erbarium,

’

25 .

Baker, E . G . ,He l iocarpus ame r i canus

177 New Gu inea Po lypetahe , SBa l fou r , Sir I . B .

‘l‘

,23 ,

296 .

Bandul ska on Eocene Flo ra , 93 .

Banks, 22? h is Herba r ium,

259 , 233 .

Barclay ,\'V l l l iu ln f , 234 .

Ba r r i ngton ia Fo rbesn S 20,

But ton o n l’o lysiphonin ,

ti l .

Bel l i s perenn i s , C‘aulescenco o f, 99 ;

hyb r ida,10 0 .

Ben net t , A t‘o uspec tus Flo ra: Fenui

t‘a

: (re v ), 206 .

Be rke ley, M rs”T"

Be rnhard~Smil h '

s Po i sonous l ’ luuts'

( rev ) , 2-12 .

B ibl iograp h ical No tes . 174 .

B ignon ia.

'l‘

) pe- species o f. 19 1.

B instead , C . l l e re l'

o rdsh ire Sp h agna .

" 15

Il irdw ood . Sir G 10 1 .

B lack 's Flo ra o f S . Aust ra l ia '

( rev ) .

27 .

IND E X

Bl ake , S . F . ,Type

» 5pecies o f B ignon ia,

191 .

B latte r ’ s Fe rn s of Bombay,’

63.

Bombay,Fe rn s o f , 63.

Bo nn ie r , G . l“ , 157 .

Bo tanica l Exc h ange Club, 206.

Bo tany, P resen t Po s i t ion o f, 252 .

Bow er , F . O . ,I saac Bayley Bal fou r

23 ; h i s ‘Botany o f L iving P lant s153 ;

‘The Fe rn s ’

(rev ) , 263 .

B rass i ca,The T h ames - side

,104 ; Napo

b rass i ca,125 .

B r iquet , J . e lected F . L . S . , 127 .

B r i t i s h B ryo logi cal Soc ., 2 72 ; Myco

l o gi cal Soc ,183, 292 , 320 ; T rans ,

266 , 293 Sp h agna, Key to , 310 .

Br it ten J . ,

‘Flo ra o f S . Aust ral ia ’

2 7 ;‘Man ua l N . Ame r ican

Tree s ’

( rev ) , 28 ;‘Supp lemen t to

Flora o f Co rnwal l ’ 90 ;‘A

P la in P lan tain 92 ; Apo th e

car i es ’ Ga rden at C h e l sea (rev ), 123 ;Te rms fo r Types , 137 ; E h r h a r t‘Supplementum Plan tarum,

’

148 ;l ’ulmonaria azu rea

,152 ; P r imula

s inen s i s . 17 1 ; ‘P lan t-Names ’

(rev ),177 ; Lloydia se ro t ina ,

225 ; F . N .

“’ il l iani s , 249 ; Carmichae l ia aust rel i s

, 257 ; Eup h orbia Lat hyr i s , 263 .

B r i t ton Ro se ’ s Cac taeeze ,

’

183 .

B ryumSaut eri, 261 .

Bue l l ia permgra 106.

Bul le r ’s Resea rc h es on Fungi ’59 .

Bute ’ s Bo tan i ca l Tables, ’208 .

Cactaceaz, The ,’183 .

Cze sa lpinia sogerensis S 12.

Calamin t h a baet ica, 185 .

Ca lathodes , 2 18 .

Cal l i t r i c h e truncata , 314 .

Camb r idge B r i t i s h Flo ra , 272 .

Cana r iumgaw adaense S 7

Can th ium Vale ton ianum S 25 .

Carex microgl och in , 295 .

Carmichae l ia austral i s , 257 .

Ca rna rvon s h i re P lan ts , 19.

Ca ro t ino id s 124 .

Ca r r ingt on ,B . , 94 .

Casea r ia sogerensis S 22.

Casuar ina papuana S 53 .

Centau rea Scabio sa, 207 .

Da l lman , A. A . ,The Wel s h Sal n sburys ,

1 16 ; Nec tar Secre t ion in Hyacin t h ,221 ; P r o posed Flo ra of Denbig h ,

Darbish irc , O . V . , An ta rct ic C ryptogams , 105 .

Cepl ialo sporiumAs teris, 96.

Ce ras t i um tet rand r um var. eglandul osum 90.

Ce rcospo ra '

can tuariensis 134 E u

mul i , 135 .

Ceylon P lan k ton Algw , 110 , 138 , 164.

Chaeto ceros , 93.

Chaetomit rium cygneum, S 5 .

C h anne l Is lands , Ma r ine Flo ra of,297.

C h arop hyta,Ind ian , 182.

Cli ipp’

s Fo res t Ofiicers’ Manual ,

’

64.

Chisoclieton sogeren sis S 8 .

C h r i sty, M. , The Tease l ca rn ivorous ,33 ; P r imu las o f E urope

’

C h roococcus,1 14 .

C h u rc h , A . H The Fe rns 263

h i s P lan t - l i fe o f Oxfo r dC ibo

’

s He r ba r ium, 207 .

Ci rs i um e r iop h o r um subsp. anglicum,

159 , 244 .

Clausen on V io la tr i co lo r , 96.

Cl eyera , 17 , 52 , 83 .

Cl i ffo rd ’ s He rba r ium,114

,177 ,

255 .

C l itandr0 psis papuana S 3 1.

Cobbe, A . B . ,O rc h i s h ircina

,242 .

Coc h learia,species -c ro sse s in , 3 19 .

Coch l osp ernum G i ll ivrzei var . papuanum S 4 .

Cockayne’ s V egetat ion of N . Zealand

(rev . ) 2 04 .

ConandriumForbesn S 29.

Cook ' s (Capt . ) MSS ., 260 .

Co rdyl ine Fo r bes i i S 57.

Co rn i s h,W i l l iam

, 156.

Corn i s h Eup h ras ias , 5 4.

Co rylus Ave l lana , 208 .

Cosmarium, 169.

C r ow ,W. B .

,F res h wate r P lank to n

A lgae, from Ceylon ,110 , 138 , 164 .

C ryptoca rya myrcioides S 42 ra r inerv ia S 42 .

C ruc igenia, 167 .

Cutospora , 127.

Cyath o cal vx n ov ognineensis S 3 ; ob

tusifo l ius var . angust ipe tal us 3 .


G raci la r ia Boergesenu 200 .

G reen land , Summe r in (rev ) , 58 .

G rego ry,E . S . , V i o la odo rata var.

imniaculata 82.

G rego ry, R . P . ,P r imula s inen s i s , 319.

G reves,S . ,New Gu inea Eugenias , S 14 .

G r i ffit h , J . W . , 225 .

G ris l ea, 115 , 238 .

G roves , J Comma in Nomenclatu r e ,26 ; on Ind ian C h a rop hyta, 182 .

Gue rnsey Algae , 199.

Hampton Cou r t Ga r den s, 320 .

Hansemann ia gaw adensis S 13.

Ha r vey-G ibson ’ s P lant Names (rev180.

Hel iocarpus ame r i canus , 77 , 255 sub

t r i lobus 257 .

He l ipte rum cryptanthum 285 .

Hepatic s,W . Sut h e r lan d , (t .

He rbal s,O ld Engl i s h (rev ) , 119.

He rbe r ta teams 933.

He refo rd s h i re Sp h agna, 215 .

He rzog’ s Pflanzenw el t der bo l ivisch en

Anden ,

’

204 .

Hierac ia , Carna r vons h i r e , 20 ; H ie raci amAdlerzii, 2 1 Leyi , 20 .

H iniaii tandra * ,200 ; n i t ida S 2

pa r v i fo l ia S 2 .

Il ippoc ratea sogerensis S 10 .

IIjel t’

s‘Con spectus Flo rae Fenn icze

’

(rev ) . 266 .

Hol in ess (E . M . ) He rba r ium,160 .

Ho lmes ’s (J . S . ) T rees o f N . Ca ro l ina,

’

160 .

Ho rne, E .,Po l lmation o f V iscuni , 263 .

Hornibrook , M . , Con i fe r s ’

(rev ), 315 .

Hortus C l iffortianus , 114 , 177 , 255 .

Il ow arth on Fes tuca r ubra , 61 .

Hyacin t h , Nectar Se c ret ion in ,221 .

v o lepis Fo rbe s i i S 59 .

Iv oxis s te l lata , 318 .

Ichno carpus bertiero ides S 33 ; soge rc nsis S 33 .

I l lust rat io n,Botan ic 18 1.

Index Kew ensxs , ’ 159.

Ingh am,318 .

I s l i p,Adam

, 126.

Jackson , A. B . , Con i fe r s’

(rev) , 315 .

Jack son ,B . D .

,The Name Forstera

10 2 ; Agardh’s

‘Aphorismi,’

125 ;Roberg

’

s‘Compara t io ,

’

159 ; L inn.

Sp. P lan t , 174 ; Bo tan i c I l lust rat ion ,

Jacquin , J . F . von ,Let te r s of, 287.

Jamaica P lants , 52.

Jan sson ius’

s Bo tan i cal Pen -Po r t rai ts(rev ) 267 .

Jen sen ’ s Dan i s h Mos ses, 317 .

Je r sey Algae, 197 .

JOURNALS , ARTICLE S mAnnal s o f Botany, 31, 95 , 295 , 320 .

Ann . Conserv . G é n é ve , 159 .

Ann . Jard . Bu itenzo rg, 128 .

Ann . M i ss. Bo t . Ga r d .,160 .

Ann . Mycologici, 127 , 248 .

Arkiv tiit Bo tanik , 128 .

Botan i cal Gazette, 160 .

Bot . Magazine , 126, 184 , 245.

Bot . Notiser , 208 .

B ot . Tidsskrift , 96.

Bul l . Soc . Bo t . F rance , 126, 247 , 295 .

Bul l . Soc . Bot . I tal , 246 .

Bul l . To r reyClub, 127 , 128 , 160 , 184,

Con t r ib . G ray He rb ,296.

Es sex Natu ralist, 156, 272 .

Ga rd . Ch ron icle , 96, 126, 159, 246.

I r i s h Natu ral i st,246 .

Japane se Jou rn . Bo t .

, 64 .

Jou rn . Agric. S . A fr . , 125 .

Jou rn .

‘

A rno ld A rbo retum,159.

Jou rn . Bot . Soc . S . Afr ., 125 .

Jou rn . Eco logy, 31 .

Jou rn . o f Genet i cs, 319 .

Journ . Ind ian Bo t ., 95 , 319 .

Jou rn . Kew Gu i ld , 296.

Journ . L inn . Soc . , 184 .

Jou rn . M i n i st r y Agr i cul ture , 207 .

Jo urn . R . 11.

0 rt . Soc . , 96 , 293.

Ke ir Bul let in, 64 , 127 , 158 , 184 , 206,

’4t 295 .

Lancas h i re C h es h i re Nat ., 94.

London Na tu ra l i st , 245 .

Ma lp ig h ia, 248 .

Natu ral i st, 32 , 160 .

New Pl iyto logist 128 , 207 , 24 6 .

Nao r . G io rn . Bo t . Ital . , 246.

Oesterr . Bot . Zei tsc h r ift,247.

INDEX

O rc h i d Rev iew,128

,247 ,

294 .

P roc . L inn . Soc ., 32 .

R h odora , 128 , 160 , 248 .

To rreya ,128 , 320 .

T ran s . B r i t . Myco l . Soc .,63

,159

,206 ,

T ran s . N . Staff . Field Club,291.

T ran s . Pe r t h . Soc . Nat. Science , 128 .

K i rkw ood ’ s ‘P lant Flow e r Fo rms(rev ) , 242.

Knosso s, Flow e r Pa in tings at , 291 .

Koetjape, 172 , 200 .

Lacaita , C . C . , Caulesccnce o f Bel l i spe renn i s , 99 ; Bolauw po lycaulon ,

259 ; O r iental Onosmas , 280 .

Lapl acea, . l 9, 54 .

Larc h es,Ba r r en , 176.

Leguminosae, T ransvaal , 223.

Lep i d iumD raba,207 .

L ic h en s , Sp i tzbergen , 77 , 125 ; An t

a rct i c, 208 ; New Guin ea, S 64 .

L inar ia vi sc ida,263.

Lind leys , 19 , 54 .

L indsay’s ‘P lan t- nanies ’

(rev ) , 179.

L innaeus ’ s ‘Suppl emen tum P lan taruni

148 ; Species Plan tarum,

’

174 .

L innean He rba r ium,32 ; Types , 7 , 26 ;

Society, 61, 93, 125 , 18 1 , 206 , 223 ,318 .

L i tsea co l l ina S 43 .

L i tt le, J . E .

, Alnu s incana, 146 ; Huntingdon E lm,

201.

L loyd , Jo h n ,225 .

L loydia s’

e r o t ina, 225 .

London ,Jane , 96.

Low son ’ s ‘Ind ian Botany’

(rev) , 60 ;‘Text -book ,

’

183 .

Lycopod ium ingous ",S 62 .

Lyle , L .,C h anne l I slan d A lgze , 197 .

Lysiosepal um, 286 h exand rum287 .

s -isMaca ranga dal echampio ideslini br iuta S 48

Mc Lean,

C . ,Tree .I‘Ipiphytigne . L

’l l .

Macmi l lan ’ s Popula r Names ' (re v ) ,177 .

Mac romit rium h rachy< te lc S 62

papuanum S 63 .

McVVat t’

s‘P r imulas o f Europe ( re v ) ,

1\Iucuna Fo rbes i i S 11 inneropoda

S 1 1 .

Mussaenda Fo rbes i i S 24

Myo sot i s sieula in Jersey, 212 .

S ut h e rland

Mensa sogerensis S 28 .

Maize , H i s to ry o f, 292 .

Man se l l , Lady, 199 .

Ma r sden ia l o rea S 34 .

Matt h ew s , J . B .,

“' i l l iam Barclay,

234 ; on D i st r i but io n , 205 .

Maxon , W . R . , Type - Species o i' P ter i7 .

Mel in i s , 64.

Me r r i l l , E . D . , Sandoricu in Koetjnpeand Dend rob ium can inuni , hm‘Enume rat ion o f P h i l ipp ine P lants155 .

Me rul ius , De r ivat ion of, 240 .

Mesembryautheinum,26.

Mic h e l ia Fo rbesn S 1.

M i l le r ’s (P ) Il e rhariuin , 136 .

Mimulus in oschatus scen t les s , 176 .

M itc liam Ga rden s , 156 .

Mo i l ’s ‘Botan ica l Pen -Po rt ra i ts '

( rev ) ,

267 .

Mo nmout h s h i re Flo ra , 184 .

Mon t ia,Hoas t . , 256 .

Moo r e,S . l e 1\I. , D ryodaphne

’. 10 9 ;

New G u inea Gainopetahr , 23, Mo no

ch lamydeze , 40 .

Mo r inda t r iand ra S 25 .

Mosses ,S t irto n’

s species r ev i sed . 10 ,46 ,

Necta r Secret ion in Hyacint h "4 .

New G u inea P lant s , Fo r l e s'

s ( S upp lemen t ).

New Zea land V egetat io n ( re v 1 "0 1 ;l l epa l iea

'

,3 17 .

New spape r Bo tany, 3 1.

N ic h o l son , C ., Linar ia v i sc ida. 263

N ic h o l so n , l“l l epa l ies ( t .

No l l ie i ii‘hi i ure , “

'

o t' l l l -Cude o f. 10 9

15 1.

No rman , C . D iplo lo phium A l‘hy o

t rieh iu , 56 ; Nen A l ricun l'

iiibe i l i

fi‘l il‘, 10 1 1,

INDEX

O nir UAnr :

Bal four,I . B . , 23.

Ba rc lay, W'

il l iam, 234.

Bon n i e r , G . , 157 .

D uni ni er , R . A ., 158 .

E lwes , H . I. , 30 .

Fo rsyt li -Major, C . I. , 158 .

Ing h am, W . , 3 18 .

Pearson ,W . H .

,194.

W i l l iams,F . N . , 240 .

O no sma, O r ien tal , 280 ; amasian ii in

28 1 a inbigens 280 .

O n slow ’ s (M . W .) P lan t B ioc h emi s t ry(rev ) , 91.

O ocys t i s c rassa, 165.

O pun t ia, 32.

O r c h i d s , Ma r s h , 224.

O rc h is Fuc h si i , 306 ; incarnata, 273

(t . praaterin issa, 65 ( t .O rtho thecium in t r icatum var . abbrevi

atum 284 .

O soil latoria ,141 .

O udemans Enum. Fungorum,

’

183.

Oxfo r d Bo tany, 152 ; Ga r den , 243.

Palme r ’ s (L . S .)‘Ca rot ino id s ’

(rev ) ,

Paracl eisth us , 295.

Parapac tis , 294 .

Parar tocarpus papuana ", S 52 .

Pasan ia sogeren sis S 54.

Paul son , B . , Sp i tzbergen L i c h ens , 77 ,125 ; on Myco r r h iza , 272 ; New

Guinea L i c h en s , S 64.

Pea r sal l , W . H . , Po tamogeton in E ngl i s h Lakes

, 1 .

Pea r son , W . H .

’

r, 94 , 194 ; on NewZealand Hepaticm, 317.

Pediastrium, 164.

Peh ria * compacta 238 .

Pe lt ige ra, 95 .

Pc tch’

s Di seases of Tea-Bus h (rev) ,

201 .

Pha leria sogc rens is*, S 43 .

P h i l ipp i ne P lan ts, 15 5 .

Pl iyl lan thusefi‘usus

", S 45 ; oreadum

Physot rich ia , 56.

P imp ine l la favifol ia ", 133 ;

calfra 134 .

P ipe r obes ispicum 40 ; sogerensc*,

40 .

p seudo

RE VI EWS :Fl o ra of S . Aus t ral ia

,J. M . B lack ,

27 .

T rees o f N . Ame r i ca,C . S . Sa rgen t ,

28 .

P lan t B io logy, A. G . Tansley, 29.

P lank ton Algae from Ceyl on ,110, 138 ,

164 .

P lan t - Names , Engl i s h (rev) , 177 ;S tanda r d ized , 244.

P latoma margin ifera, 199 .

Po lypod ium albar i um S 61 .

Po lyscias Fo rbesi i S 22 .

Po lys ip h on ia, 61 .

Po lysonia gigan tea*, S 13.

Potamogeton in Engl i s h Lakes , 1

alp inus , 5 ; angust i fo l ius , 5 ; c r i spus ,7 ; gramin eus , 5 ; lucen s , 5 ; natan s ,6 ; n i ten s

,6 ; po lygon ifo l ius, 6 ; pra

c

longus , 4 .

P r eto r ia, Botany of, 63.

P r imula e lat io r, 31 si nens i s , 17 1, 319 ;

P r imulas of Europe (rev ) , 221.

P s i lop hyton , 318.

Psyc h ot r ia exsculpta S 26.

Pte r i s , Type- species of, 7 .

Pugsley, H .W. , Ca rna r vons h i re P lan ts,19 ; Ca lamin t h a baet ica , 185 .

Pulmona r ia (azu rea) angus t i fo l ia, 152.

Ramsbo ttom, J . , De r ivat ion of Me ruh a s , 240 ; Fungus D i seases (re v) .

201 ; his La rge r B r i t i s h Fungi (rev )222.

Ranunculu s bulbosus ace r , E st imvat ion o f, 209 .

Raphidophora Fo rbesn*, S 58 .

Rauw enho ffia Forbesu S 3 .

Rea, Ca r leton ,

‘Researc h es o n Fungi ’(rev ) , 59 ;

‘La rge r B r i t i s h Fungi’

(rev ) , 222 .

Reade r , H . P . , Saline Flo ra of S taffords h i r e

,278 .

Re ic h enbac h ’ s (H; G .) He rba r ium, 155 .

Rend le , A. B . ,

‘P lan t B io logy’

(rev) ,29 ; Jama ican Ternstroemiacete , 528 5 ; Low son

’ s ‘Textbook o f Bo tany(rev) , 60 ; Cl ifl

'

ord’

s Herba r ium,

1 14 ; Botanyof L iv ingP lan t’

(rev ) ,153 ;

‘S ta rc h ’

(rev) , 154 ;‘P lant

Flow e r Fo rms (rev ), 242 ; Le tte r s ofJacqu in ,

286 ; N . Guinea, hIonoco tyl edons, S 54.


IND EX

Rinorea and R iana, 27 ; “

'

orl d- w i decod e o f Nomenclatu re , 109 ; Ap i umlepto p hyl lum, 65 , 129 ; ast raga lusfr igi dus . 15 1 ; Type- species o f B ignon ia ,

192 ; G a lbul imima , 200 ;Ca lath odes , 218 ; Peh ria, 238 M i slead ing Geog rap h i cal Names , 24 1 ;He l iocarpus ame r icanus, 255 .

S tafiordsh ire ,Sa l ine Flo ra o f, 278 .

S tat i ce vest i ta ( t . 97.

S taurast rum,170.

S tefa

gofl

"

,B . Ve r onica Turril l iana

Ll

Step h en son , T . 8: T . A . ; O rc h i s p reete rmissa ( t . 65 .

Ste rcu l ia amp la S 5 .

S t irton’

s B r i t i s h Mo sses rev i sed , 20, 46,69.

Stojnnoff , J Ve ron i ca Turril l iana *

St repto lophus , 206.

Sudre’

s Rub i E nropze , ’ 75 .

Sut h e r land Hepat i cs (t . 229.

Tan sley,A . G . ,

P resen t Po s i t ion of

Bo tany, 252 ; h i s ‘P lan t B io logy(rev ) , 29 h i s Eco logy, ’

3 14 .

Ta raxacum,207 .

Tea Bus h , Di seases of (rev ) , 201 .

Teasel , a Ca rn ivo r ous P lan t , 33.

T ecoman tha glo r iosa S 38 ; venustaS 38 .

Te rn st roemiaceae ,Jamai can , 5

° 83.

Tet raedroides , 20 4 .

T h eaceae, No tes on ,17 , 52 , 83.

Thomasia hexandra,286 .

T h omp son , H . S . . Cal l i t r i c h e t runcata,3 14 .

T h u r ston ’ s Supp lemen t to Flo r a of

Co rnwal l 90 .

T hymus lanuginosus,Trachysphrera , 95 .

Trichosterigma. 206 .

Tubeuf on V iscum, 207 .

Types , L innean , 7 , 26 ; Te rms for , 137 .

Uldin ia , 96.

Unca r ia Hav ilandiana S 23.

U rophyl l um biloc11lare *, 87 ; caul i

fiorum*,87 .

Zizyp h us Fo rbesu S 11.

Zygnema, 168 .

Pr in ted byTAYLUR and Puma s , Red L ion Court , Fleet St reet .

V e ron i ca Turril l iana * 2 19.

V igurs, C . C .

‘Supp lemen t to Flo raof Co rnwa l l 90 .

V i o la odo rata var . immaculata 82 ;t ri co lo r , 96 .

V i scum a lbum, po l l inat ion of,262 ;

monograp h o f, 207 .

V i tal i ty of Seed s , 297.

Wa l l i s , T . E .

‘Bo tan i cal Pen-Por

t ra i ts 267 .

\Vardomyces , 159.

Wa rne r , B ., 272 .

“’atson , W.

,W . H . Pea r son 194 .

Watson Exc h ange C lub, 244 .

Weath erwax'

s‘H i s to ry of the Maize

P lan t,

’

292

W hite, G i lbe r t , as Bo tan i st , 271 .

W i l k s,W i l l iamT, 293.

W i l l iams, F . N .

’

r, 249 .

Wi lmot t, A. J. , T hymus lanuginosus ,136 Myosot i s s icula, 212 .

Wmdsorina, 181 .

“'

oodhead on Yo rk s h i re Bo tany, 160 .

Wo r l d- Code of Nomenclature , 109, 151 .


Documents

Journal of Botany - Forgotten Books