Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
malawexzsm ; mfiwmmw .
G R E A T B R I T A I N
A P P L I E D To I L L U S TRATF. TH E H I S TORY o p
FAM I L I E S,“MAN N E R S, H AB I T S, AN D ART S,
A T T H E D I F F E R E N T P E R I O D S
FROM TH E NORMAN C ONQU E ST TO TH E S EV E NTE E N TH C ENTURY.
W I T H
I N T R O D U C T O R Y
-
O B S E R V A T I O N S.
P'
A R T I.
C O N TA I N I NG TH E F O U R F I R S T C E N TU R I E S.
La Sculptu re pe nt a uffifoumir lcs Monumcns e n qua n tité : Ia plupa rt/ur It : Tomnmwx .
MONTFAUCON.
L O N D 0 N.
PR I N T E D B Y J. N I C H O L S, F O R T H E A U T H O R;AND SOLD B Y T. PAY N E A N D S O N.
MDCCLXXXVI.
P R E F A C E.
H EN Pe t e MON T FAU CO N firil: u nde rtook hi s inimitable Work,Les Monume ns de l a Mon archi e Fra ncoife ,
” he profefi'
e d to give the
Monume n ts of th e re fpe étive reign s det ach ed a nd unconnected . But app rehend
ing t here wou l d be too man y v acan t in terval s to p ars over, and more book s to
be oonfu lte d by his readers to fil l them up , h e was in duced to t ake on himfe l f
the troubl e of fupp lying th is void. His i ntimate acquainta nce w ith the hifiory
o f h is countr y en abl ed him to do th i s p rop erl y . The innumerabl emonumen ts
either a a u a l ly e x ifii ng or pre fe rve d in drawings in the ca binets o f the cu r ious
dema nded fuch cohn e étion .
His work contains, in five volumes fol io, th e H iftory of France, with a ll th e
monumen ts relat i ve to her fove re igns, p rinces of the blood, nobili t y, the k ing’s
hou ihol d, and the great ofice rs of the crown . He intended to add fou r more
volumes : two o f e ccl efia f’tica l monuments, and two o f . p ri vate l ife, coinage,
mil i t a ry matt ers, and fune ra l s, on the fame p l an ; w ith a fuppl eme nt at the end,o f a l l th at had e fca pe d his obfe rva tion, or been difcove re d fince .
Such wa s the exten t of thi s learned Anti quary’s vi ews. Whether hi s l ife or
his encouragement p roved unequal to the comp l ete execution o f them does not
appear. His de fign has been i n p ar t re fume d by Monf. l e Gra nd Au fi’
y ; who has
fo ful l y illuflr a te d the hifiory of the p riv ate l ife of th e French, from the e a rl iefi
p eriod to the p re fe nt t ime. The three volumes al ready p ubl ifh e d in cc
tavo comp ri z e a ver y {mal l p ort i on of h i s e x te nfive p lan , on l y what concern s the
ta ble , and its v arious app endages and pl e a fure s ; i n wh ich hu fba ndry, garden
ing, hun t ing, Scc. are in cl uded ; bu t he promife s, from h is valuabl e col l ect ion
of drawings, cop i ed from tombs, p ain ted windows and front s of churches, and
other an t ient monuments, a comp lete hiftory of drefi’
e s and fa fhions in a l l
p art s , and among a l l orders and ranks in Fra nks . And i t i s onl y from there
fources th at we can deduce fuch parts of t he hiflory of pait t imes, and our a cquaintance w ith thofe who l ived before u s .
The p l an of th e fe two writers i ncl udes the whole of wh at among u s h as
been divi ded into diffe rent parts, and attemp ted by differen t pe rfons .
A
1 2 ]
Howmuch mufi we regret the fa i lure of that wel l-concerted p l an , wh ich
wou ld,under the dire étion of i ts firfi promoter, h ave fu rn ifh e d a body of monu
ments of Engl iih Monarchy. Mr.Walpole cannot be difp l e a fe d at the c irculation
o f his own molt l audable intent ion, a s I find it in a letter addre ffe d by him to the
late Mr. Cole of Milton, i n 1 769 .
W i th regard to an H i ll a ry o fGoth ic Arch i te éture , i n wh ich Mr. Efl'
e x de
fire s my advice, the p l an 1 think ihou ld be in a very fimp le comp a fs . W a s I
to execute it,i t fhou ld be thus I would gi ve a feries o f p l ates, even from th e
conclufion o f Saxon architecture, beginn ing with the round Roma n a rtb, and
going on to ibew howthey p l a ifie r'
e d and z igz a ge d i t, and then howbetter or
n a me nts crept in, t i l l the beautifu l Gothic was arrived at it s p erfection ; then
how it decl ined in Henry Vl Il’
s reign ; a rchbifhop Wa rba m’: tomb at Canter
bury being,I bel ieve, the l a fi examp le of _
unba fta rdiz e d Gothic. A very few
p l ates more Would demonflra te i ts change. Hans Holbein embroidered i t with
fome morfe l s o f t rue a rchite étu re ; in queen Eli z abeth’s reign there was fca rce
an y a rchite éture at al l I mean no p il l ars, or fe ldom bui ldings then becoming
quite p l ain . Under james a barbarous compofition fucce e d e d. A fingl e p l at e
o f fome thing o f lnigo j ones in hi s he a vie fi and worft fiyl e fhou ld terminate
the work ; for he foon {te pp e d into the true and p erfect Greci an .
The next p art Mr. Efl'
e x can do better than any body, and is perhaps th e
only ma n that can do it. This ihou ld confift‘
o f obfe rva tions on the a rt, pro
port ion , a nd me thnd o f building, and the re a fons obfe rve d by the Goth ic Ar
chite éts for what they d id . This would fli ew what great me n they were,
and how the y ra ife d (uch aerial and itup e nd o u s n infi'
c s , though un a fli fie d by
half the l ights nowenjoyed by their fucce fl'
ors.
The p rices and the wages of workmen, and the comp arat i ve value o f
money at the fe ve ra l periods, fhou ld be flared, as fa r a s it i s pofli bl e to get
materials .
The l aft p art (I don't know whether it fhou ld not be the firfip art) nobody
can do (o we l l as you rfe lf. This mu ll : be to a fce rta in the chronologic p art of
each bui lding ; and not only of each bui lding, but of each tomb that {ba l l be
exhibited ; for you know the great delicacy and richne fs o f Goth ic ornamen ts
wa s exh ibited on fin al] chapels, oratories , and tombs . For my own p art, I
{ ho u ld have wi ll i ed to have added detached fa mp l e s o f the various p atterns ofornaments, which would not be a great man y, as, excep ting p inn acles, there i s
feares one wh ich does not branch f rom the trefoil, quatrefoil, and cia o il,
being but various modi fi cat ions o f i t . I bel ieve a lmoit al l the ram ifications
of windows are fo , and o f them there fla ou ld he fome fa mpl e s too .This
work yo u fe e cou ld not be executed by one hand. Mr. Tyfon could gi ve great
a ll ifla nce . l with the p l an was drawn out and better dige fie d. Thi s is a veryrude ik e tch, and 6rd thought . I (hou ld be very gl ad to contribute what littl eI knew, and to the e x p e nce too, which would be confide ra bl e ; but I am
fure
3
fure we could get a fii ii a nce , and it had better not be undertaken than executed
fupe rfici a l ly.
Mr. Tyfon’s H ifiory of fa fhion s and dre fi
’
e s Would make a v a l uabl e p art of
th e work , a s in elder t imes e fpe cia l ly much mu ll: be depended on Tombs for
dre fi'
e s . Pray t alk t h is over wi th Mr.Tyfon and Mr . Efi'
e x . I t i s an idea wort h
purfuing.
Mr . STRUTT firft among u s at temp ted an y th ing like re fuming Pere Mont
faucon’s p l an, and, with l i tt l e a ffifta nce but hi s own app l icat ion , gave u s, from
our ant ien t MSS . a curi ous {election o f port rait s,habits, manners, and h iftoricf a éts . I-ie has fucce e de d heft i n h i s R egal and Eccl e fia flica l Antiquit i es but
h as not,i n his “ 13 01a Angel-cynna n ,
” fu ffici e ntly difcrimina te d th e fubje él s of
the different p eriods, nor the correct and ori ginal one of each .
ML GRANGER has difcrimina te d {ti l l Iers, and h as tra nfgre fi'
e d the very argument
h e al ledges for a col l e éfion of port rai t s th at is p rincip al l y u fe fu l , as the more
import ant dire étion and fe ttl eme nt of the i deas upon the true form and fe a
tu res o f an y worth y and famous perron For he h as thrown
together every piéture of every p e rfon th at de fe rve d or p retended to an y conn e étion with Great Bri tain , and has omi tted th e be ft col l ect ion of fil ch p ic
tures, the original portrait s th emfe lve s, which he migh t h ave traced in thei r
gal leries, f rom whence man y of them are now for ever d isjoined . W e fmile
when he refers u s for the improvemen t in th e knowledge o f p e rform! hifiory
to th e coin s engraved i n Speed’s Chron ic le, or in moft books of coins. To
fuch p e rfonifica tion , even i f i t could“
be dep ended on, fewcol l ectors or e ngra v.
ers h ave attended.
I t woul d not be al together impoflibl e to d raw u p a l ift o f p itfi u re s, i ncluding
thofe enumerated by Mr.W alpole, i n his Anecdotes of Paint ing, rel at ing to
the Hi iiory a nd Antiquit ies of England, i n the manner o f Montfaucon , from
th e Conqu e it to the pre fe nt t ime, be ginn ing with the Ta p e itry at B ayeux, o f
wh ich it i s a rep roach to us, as a nat ion , th at we h ave not p rocured molt accu
rate drawings and il lufira tions, but h av e left the l atter to Monf. Lancelot, and
a re content w ith the former on th e fma l l fca l e in which h e has gi ven them, for
the.
l arger in Mon tfaucon . take i n a very fma l l p art ; nor i s i t c lear to me , th at
th e whol e h as been cop ied. The late Smart Le thie u ll ie r drew u p a long accoun t
of th i s t a p e il ry d ifferent from Lancelot’s,which W a s in the hands o f Mr. Tindal
of Doctors Commons, and p ri nted at the end o f Dr . Duca re l ’s Norman Ant i
qu iti e s .
” The diffi cul t y o f comp let ing fuch a l ift h a s been confide ra bl y incre a fe d
by the difp e ri ion of fo man y p ri vate col l e éi ions, and by the inattent ion of our
Ant iquaries i n tra c ing what remai ns : fo that in a few years more we {h al l
Mr. Gra nge r, I. to. give s a whole le ngth of Philipp a by Fa be r, which he fa y: wa s e ngn Ve d from a p a fming a t
Que e n’s Co l le ge h Ox ford, a nd the fa ce of a n amie nt il one he a d o f he r ove r the ba ck ga te o f tha t Colle ge . My copy of
the print fa ys it is «u mpb. inmu d] . Mflm u . I t is curious to he a r He a rne obfe rve , tha t the fla tua rie s ma de Edwa rdthe Third's quee n, Pbib‘ppa , a nd the me lt be a utiful la dy mode ls fo r the V irgin Ma ry. G lofl
'
. to P. La ngtoft,p. 549, 5 50. Wa rton, H ill . of Eng. Poe tr. l . p. 3 5 5 . He mould ha ve (a id, He nry l l l
’
s que en Ele a nor , of whom fe e
La ngtoft, l . 3 13 .
[ 4 ]
have no foundation left for fuch a work .
'
The two l’ta tu e s of Henry I . a nd h is
queen,on the Weft door o f Roche fte r cathedral; are crumbl ing away without
h aving been drawn . The p icture fuppofe d o f the C ru fa de s i n Canterbury
cathedral has been wh ited over, and the a rras in the antechamber of th e
Hoofe o f Lords has never been examined with fu fficie nt care to determin e whether
its fubje ét be the fame
But withou t app earing to l e fi'
e n the meri t o f p receding attemp t s to fi l l u p the
great Plan o f National H ifiory, let me exp lai n the de fign o f the pre fe n t work,
which concerns that p art of i t relat ive to Sepulchral Monuments, from which
Montfaucon derived (0 much a ffifia nce .
Shal l I then borrow the l ivel y p e n o f the author beforement ion ed, who is
engaged in the fame undertaking a t th is t ime in France, and fa y : I t i s not an H IS
TORY o f ENGLAND that i s here pre fe nte d to the publ ic. After the n umber of
hiflorie s already in p rint, what p rofp e ét o f finding readers o f a n ewone ? I have
neither the obje ét, the p l an, nor the method of an Hifiori a n . Our materi al s
are different, and my p lan adop t s onl y what h is excludes . Great events, great
p e rfon a ge s, great characters, good or bad, are al l that he brings upon hi s
Rage.
I talk o f graves, o f worms, o f ep i taphs,And that fma l l p ort ion of the barren earth
That ferves as p a fie a nd cover to our bones
Here i s a fia y
That fh a k e s the rotten ca rca fe o f old death
Out o f his rags .
Mine are ftibje éts rej ected by the h iftori a n to the end of each reign, amongthe p rodigies th a t d itt ingu ifh it . Yet is th is detai l not un inte re iting. I t is a
p icture of p ri vate mixed w ith p ublic l ife ; a fubje ét in wh ich my countrymenh ave been ant icipated b y their neighbours ; and if i t i s here treated wi thout
the p atronage of rel igious or l iterary focie tie s, i t wanted not the encouragemen t
o f friends who have left the fce ne before the comp let ion of a work which they
fome y ears ago pointed out and would have a fli fl e d. _I avai l myfe l f o f thei r
frie ndfhip and their. h ints, a s wel l . as of what has been already p ubl ifhe d
abroad on a fimil a r fubje él .
A (crie s o f excoriions to grat ify an innate cu riofi ty after our n at ional Anti
qu itie s fu rn ifh e d the variety of obfe rv a tions and materi a ls,which y i elded t e
newed fa tisfa é‘
tion in reducing them to order, and thus t rave l l ing the ground
twice over, when memory was rel ieved and‘
re fre l'
he d by the obfe rv a tions of
others, and my l ibrary fu pp l ie d what a fo l ita ry traveller had wanted on the fpot.
He nry l l l . ord e re d thin l-l i li o ry to be pa in te d in the ga rde n-cha mbe r or fumme r-houfe a t his pala ce a t We il min
fie r, n e a r wha t in the writ is c a lle d the K ing's j ewry, pe rha p s his t re a fury for re ce iving the fumesle vie d on the j ews,
a nd which mo rn he o rde re d to be the nce forwa rd ca lle d tbeAnrr'otb Cba mbrr, origina lly, proba bly,wha t is nowflyle d the
J e ru l’
a lt-m Cha mbe r. W a lp . I . t i .
I 5 1
As Opportimity offered I ha ve t ra vel led th e ground omit a dtu a l ly a thi rd time i
a nd wh at wonder i f I h ave feen w i th d ifferen t eyes ! At an interv a l of that
l e ifure which i s my inheri tance, 1 formed the bold de fign of a new edit ion o f
CAMDEN’s BRITANN I A ; i n the progre fs o f wh ich u ne x Pe a e d a flifia nce s ha ve
a rife n . Coa eval with thi s pre fe nte d itfe l f the i dea o f i l lufira ting the SEPUL
CHRA L MONUMENTS of th i s kingdom from the occa fion a l mi nutes of my
e x curfions. I foon found th e fe out l in es were to be fi l led u p from books;
a nd the obfe rva tio'ns of others. What a bufine fs i s th at of a comp i l er ! H is
indu it’
ry is e ftima te d a t l i tt le ; but h e de fe rv e s be t ter fat e th an he often meets
with . I took courage, and in t ime brough t my material s i nto fome regular
arrangemen t. Under th is diftribution newmatter wa s e a fily i n troduced i n the
addit ion s,improvements, and n ew difpofitions
, which every day fugge fie d.
The dryne fs of the fubje ét and th e fca ntine fs o f th e mate ri al s required
d ecoration a nd anecdote to fe t them off. A trai t of hiii ory, a p ert in en t digre f
fion, due comp a rifon of one age w ith another, and o f a nt ien t w ith modern
t imes, are al l required to compofe one general and p l e a fing p icture. The fe are
th e d iffi cul t ies to be furmou nte d. I n endeavouring to fu rmount them I h ave the
fa tisfa étion of reflecti ng th at I h ave de fcribe d l i t t l e be fide what my own eyes, or
thofe of judicious friends have exami ned, or what has been brought home to
a l l b y faithful re pre fe nta tions. Perh ap s after tra ve rfing more ground, p ry ingi nto more churches, and engrav ing more monuments, cu riofity once awakened
would h ave been inqu ifi tive for more. Unbounded as the p l an is, I c l aim th e
mer i t of having executed i t within cert a i n l imi ts.
Should th e fca ntine fs of materials be obje éte d, I mufi app l y to myfe l f, with
du e a l t erat ion , th e a nfwe r o f Pere Montfau con , i n th e p reface to h is th i rd vo
l ume : The monuments of England are (0 few i n th e e leven th and twelft h
centuries, a nd even i n the th irt eenth, that after the molt d i ligen t fe a rch there
a re periods wh ich do not furnifh an y . The reign s of Henry I I I . and the two
firit Edwards afford no fma l l number, but it wa s under Edward Il l . an d
R ich ard 11. th at they mu lt ip l ied fo fa ft th at new ones are cont inual l y pre fe n t
ing themfe lve s, and th e number incre a fe s a s we come n earer our own
t imes .”
Notwithfta nding the difl'
ol ution o f the rel ig ious hou fe s when fo man y feri es
of fami l y monumen‘
t s were in vol ved in the de firué‘
tion o f th e mona flic church
which the ir fami l y had founded ; notwithfia nding the d e v a f’ta tion of faife z e a l
a nd f a n a ticifm ’ i n th e two l afi: centu ries ; the dep reda t ion s of t ime, cap rice,ignorance, inte re it, and faife ta fte , and a v ariet y o f acciden ts for above a cen
tury fince we have a fu fficie ncy o f monument s left to il lufira te ou r hifiory on
the p l an here propofe d. I t i s p erhap s too weak 3
1
hOpe th at th i s de fign ma y
induce more atten tion in future to pre fe rve what remains from immedi ate ruin,
the defacemen t of thewhitewa fhe r’s br a ih , the rude h ands of fchool-boy s and th e
vulgar, a nd v ar ious other unfavourable circumita nce s ; or that th i s work fhou ld be
Whoeve r re quire : a fpe e lme n of the fe ra n ge r le t themre a d the a te hie veme ntt of Bowli ng, in the county of Suffolk,innpnblifh ed.
t aken
t 6
taken “
up and improved by ’ a bl e r hands . I t ma y be enough if it furvive s
nation al ta ftc for fuch purfu its . Then indeed might one fa y with the poet
Ex e gi monume ntum a e re pe re nniu s,
Rega l iqu e fitu p yramidum al ti us ;
Quod non imber e da x , non Aquilo impotent;
Poffit diru e re , aut innume ra bili s
Aunorum feries, e t fuga temporum.
Since the tombs a ffigne d by every fe x ton, a nd, on no better credit, by fomé
a ntiquaries and de fcribe rs of count ies, to Luciw, Elbe/wa rd, Of f ic, Ina , Gu tbrum,
A/a’be lm, Aldred, Alf red king of Nortbumbe r/a nd, Redowa ld , Anna and h is fon
Firminm, a da ugbte r of Cd fl l/té‘, H a mid, a nd more that might be n amed, if“reall y belonging to them, are cert ainl y not of their age, and the n umber of fuch
Whofc ge nu ine fs we ma y dep end upon is fo fma l l i n the p receding centuri es ; one
ma y date the ze t a of authent ic fe pu lchra l monuments i n Great Bri tain at the
NORMAN CONQUEST, and from thence to the SEVENTEENTH C ENTURY deducea feries from whence ma y be derived to the knowledge o f the Antiqui t ies of
thi s k ingdom no me an a cce ffi on to the labor o f Ge n e a logifts a n d Ep itaph
Col lectors, no l itt le degree of l ight on our manners, habits, art s, nation al ta tte ,a nd fiyle of Architecture, no contemp ti ble cata logue o f Britifh worthies .
I t i s not forgotten howmany fp e cime ns of monuments have been drawn b y’
d iff erent pe rfons on the fe ve ra l v ifi ta tion-books in th e Heralds’ Col lege,a nd
others engraved by our country h ifiori a ns, many o f them by the ma fte rly‘
hand of HOL LAR . Of the former I cannot pra ife man y for fidel it y, and i t wi ll
be no trep roach to Hol lar that the drawings wh ich h e engraved are extremel y
incorrefi . He worked as modern engravers for publiih e rs, and wa s obl iged to
t ake u p with fuch draughts as were pu t i nto his han ds : Suffice i t to comp are
thofe i n Sandford with fome in thi s work . Neither l ik e n e fs, p roportion, nor
an y kind of t ruth, has been obfe rve d in man y of them. Hol l e r was more ex
cu fa ble than Scbynfvoe t, who has erred unp ardonabl y i n the monuments of
Canterbury, which he drew to be engraved by Cole , who has not been more
faithful in .thofe at W e itminfte r . Thore at El y are not on a fca l e favourable to
e x a a n e fs . If we look at the foreign monuments that h ave been engraved,
n ot one o f them which h a s come under my obfe rv a tion has (0 good a t it le to
x a étne fs . Thofe i n Mont faucon, where {0 much wa s to be e x p e éte d, are very
inferior. Thofe in the Theatre fa cre de Brabant” are worfe . Re yhe r‘
s Mo.
n ume n ta La ndgra v iorum Thuringi a : e t Ma rchionumMifnize ;” the Nobil ita s
Dani ze ex monume ntis curante T . de Kl e ve n fe ld,” as wel l as thofe o f the Vi
tru ve‘
Su cde ," are not more faithful . Thofe in Lobine a u
's Hiflo ire de Bra
t agne," and a few other top i cal works publ ifhe d i n France, mutt be excep ted.
And i t i s to be remembered, tha t I a m fpe a k ing of the monuments p rop erl ycal l ed Goth ic, which rea ch nearl y to the reign o f Eliz abeth . I fhou ld p a y a
very ind ifferent comp l iment to Mr. B a sra }: if I gave fuch foi ls to his engrav ings,which ma y ferve a s models for the fe works
,and as inci tements to p atron age,
while
7'
1
whi le the times are favourable ; before the cap rice,’
or the a va i ie e ,‘
orthe indif-l
ference, or faife ta fte ‘ of Dean s and Chap ters, fufie rs and a uthoriz es a havock,’
l e fs rap i d i t ma y be, but not l e fs ruinous, th an that wh ich wi th the axes and
h ammers of Reformation bra ke down th e carved work of ant ient a tt ‘,an d
before a variet y of other circumfi a nce s con fp ire to l efie n the number of the fe
Va lu a bl e re cords of an tient fl ory .
dint a s forti'
c may think indiff eren t re pre fe nta tions, even thofe i n the H iftoryo f Northumberl and a nd th e Ant iquarian Rep ertory, better th an none at a l l
(though I mufi ever beg l eave to hold a differen t op i n ion), and they ma ynot be
d ifpl e a fe d with verbal de fcrip tion s, i t ma y be worth wh i le to fupp l y the great
deficienc y of fnch de fcriptions , and to fugge fi ce rtai n rules and examp les for
th is method o f p re fe rv ing monuments Not t o guard a ga inft the romant ic
a n a chronifrn of hone ft Lydgate, who re pre fe nts H efior burie d in a Gotbz‘
c cd
Ibedra l i n a chap el and tomb of the 1 2th century ; or the i n exp er ience o f one
modern author ’, whomiftook two angel s at a lady
’s feet for two che rub like ba be r;or the ba rba ri fm '
of another, who chrifie ne d a p i lgrim jupite r Ton i/m a m or
Sile nu: a nd a l ion at a kn ight’s feet a wa te r curle d dog or the mifta k e n fanc y
o f a th i rd who {p eaks of two fi tters kn eel ing ba nd in ba nd before a crofs or
that o f'
a fourth "
, who talk s of monk ifh p le ure urr, as th e p a rifh c lerk o f St.
Mary’s church at Warw ick does o f we epe i'r, at the fi des of tombs ; or o f Dr.
S a lmo‘
h, who did not difti'
ngu ifh ce rt/eh in the hands of ange l s fromfi/bing ne t:
o r a l eop ard and hedgehog from a ca t and a ra t or the tr adit ion o f the good
pe op l e of K irkby Stephen mifta king the Whart on cr a ft for a v a nquybe d de vil
errors l e fs p ardon able than th at of Dr. Plot'5, who , i n the laft age, miftOOk a cai rn
o f ftone for a n at ural p roduction or th e German " , who made the fame bl under
about urn s ; or the Scot i n the W e fte rn l fl e s, who thought fand hi l l s cou ld be
fixed by a r'
t . Such in acc uracy alfo l eaves th e ba bir of tbe time r and a knigbt
of tbe 17o voya ge without further l ight. But to poin t out the general cha
4 Witne fs the choirs ofWe flminfi e r a nd Sa lifbury, a nd le t the pu c‘l ice of a utiqu ity be ple a de d if it ca n.
The a& of 3 a nd 4 Edw. VI. c . l o. wa s proba bly the ru in o f ma ny of out fe pu lchta l a s we ll a s o th'
e r e tcl e fi a fl ica l
monume nts , though the forme r we re e x pre fsly e xce pte d, whe re the p a rtie s ha d not be e n All ima ge s a ndp a intings ta ke n out of or {l a nding in churche s a nd cha pe ls , a s we l l a t Popifl i fe rvice books (whichma ny pe rfons doubt
l’
e i'
s would e xte nd to the MS re cord s of re ligious houfe s ) a n: fi riél ly e njoine d to be de ll roye d . unde r pe na l iy df IOI. fof‘
the firfl ; 4 . for the fe cond a nd for the third offe nce imprifonme nt a t the king’s will. He nce the infe ription unde r
a Bible pla ce d by hilltop Be a ucha mp in a niche in St. Ge orge ’s Cha pe l a t Windfor fo r p ublic re a ding wa s e a ge rly
de fa ced , with the fame e a ge rne f, a s the p a inting of the l a fljudgeme nt on the oppo fi te pilla r a nd e ra /( pro a nima ha tcht
out o f bra il'
e s a l the name of a Pop: o r B a h t wa s e ra fe d ou t ofMifl a ls a nd Prime rs .50 ina tte ntive a re the uj d a t de fcribe rt ofour monume nts tha t a rchde a con Ba tte ley mifl oo lt fo r a rchbifh op l fl ip
's in
the n a ve a t C a nte rbury a n a lta r tomb or fl a b, robbe d of its bra il e s , which re pre fe nte d a ma n a nd wif e . C o liling‘
p . 255.Ma itla nd fa ys , the duke of Ex cte r
's monume nt a t St. Ka the rine 's , ne a r the Towe r, is One of the a ntie nte fl in Lohde n,
e xce pt thofe in the Temple -church forge ttin g tha t tha t of Ka be re in St. Ba rtholomew’s church by Smithfi e ld is much
olde r : unle fs he difpu te s the da te o f its e re ction.
Antiquitie s of Northumbe rl a ud , I I. 3 3 5. V iewof Northumbe rla nd, I. 97.s o Ma rga te Ske tche s . Tourin W a le s, I. 3 96. He rtfordfh ire , p . 47.
Bu rn’s We flmorla nd, I . 540.
Montfa ucon (D ia r. l t. c. a t. ) me ntions, in the cha pe l of St. Era fmu s a t Ga ie ta a figure unde rwhole he a d is a n
e a gle , a t the fe e t a de g, a nd a t the fa me pla ce a (ca ke rolle d up , a t the y commonly rcpre fe nt E fcul a pius . l ha ve mydoubts if this be not 3 Cubic monume nt, pe rhl p s like tha t a t Pe lham in H e rtfordfh ire , me ntione d p . lxxxviii , a nd a smuch miiunde rflood by Cha nne y a nd Sa lmon . Ma hilla h himfe lf wa s mill e d, by not difiingu ifh ing the right or le fthand, or the (p iflle a nd gq/pe lfide of : church or a lta r. De fe r. de l a ha ute Norma ndie , 11. 259.
Sta fl'
ordfh ire , p. 403 . Munfl e r Cofmogr. III . c. 49. p .698.
r after
8
ra é’
te r of figures as to e it pre ll i on, att it ude, and habi t ; or of tombs, as tofiy l e
and ornament ; or of ep itaphs, as to turn and l anguage ; or of letters, as to
cut and form ; or of heraldry, a s to fhie lds or be arings ; whereby to form a
common fia nda rd, app roach ing fomewh a t nearer to accuracy and compre h e n
fion that fe ems to h ave been yet un attended to, and to fix certain cri teria th at
ma y prevent us from confounding the ceras and owners of our fe pu lchra l
monuments, and fall ing into the a bfu rditie s o f that marvel lous col l e étiou o f
famil y monuments made by Mr. Camden’s fri end John lord Lumley , from
Liu l phu s, the founder o f the fami l y, to John the th ird lord i n the reign of
Eliz abeth
I have e l fewh e re obfe rve d, that“ fe pu lchra l monuments have their fe ve ra l
te ras from the coffin-fa lh ione d tomb, with no figure at a l l , or onl y a crol i e r,
and fe ldom infcribe d, to the mo lt ornamented canopy or chapel, which endedat the Reformat ion, and funk in the nex t reign into the u niv e rfa l difgui fe of
archi tecture '7 Mr. Tate wrote, or intended to wri te, of the Ant iqui t y of tombs
in England W hat he left u nfin i lh e d was done by Maurice Johnfon the
founder of the Sp alding Societ y, whofe memoir i s here infe rte d at large, and
more {l ight l y by Smar t Le thi e ul l ie r, whofe notes are alfo borrowed from the
Archae ologia .
The learned Montfaucon, though he has given th e monuments, a l ligne d
them their dates, and detai led the hili ory .o f thei r p rop rietors, h a s not made
fo material u l'
e of them for i l lu ltra ting national manners or modes , a s might
have been expected, or as he p robably would have done, had he comp lete d h i s
de fign : nor h a s he entered in to any comp a rifon of one monument or figure
with another, or thofe of one age w ith thofe of another nor l a id down an y
rules for judging by. Not that the fa lhion of one age does not i n th is,as
wel l a s in other points, ex tend itfe l f into the fucce e ding, fo as frequent l y to
create a d ifficulty i n the inqui ry ; or the ltyl e of the 8 th or 9th centuri es ma y
be borrowed by the I 3 th or 1 4 th, to give an a ir of antiquit y for a p articular
p u rpo l’
e . But li il l the chance is that the copy betra ys i ts original i t y, and
difcovcrs fome internal marks of p remeditation and fraud . Such are our mo
nume nts o f Saxon t imes , and the Lumley feries beforementioned, and among
ou r neighbours the fucce fli on of regal monuments before St. Loui s.
The age o f Henry VI I I . and El i z abeth was the a z ra of the re ltora tion of the
pol ite art s in Europe . I taly began to be decorated with a fpe cie s of funeral mon ume nts unknown to Heathen or Chrillzia n Rome before the hou fe o f Medici
gave a candidate for St . Peter’s chair. From th at t ime one ma y date th e influx offe pu lchra l vanit y which contr ived monuments wi thout appropri ating ma ufole a ,
and crou de d our churches without regard to p roport ion or p rop ri et y, l a vi lh ingth e wealth of commerce on po lihumou s p ride, thrufiing out fil e nt meri t a nd
Pre fa ce to Britilh Topogra phy, p . xxxv.
Hi s Hill a ry of He a ds a nd Co lle ftions we re in Mr. Anlls'
s'ba nds. Se e He ame
’s Pre fa ce to Curio us Difcourfe s,
p . H 4 .
t 9
fimpl e ta li e for opulen t elegance and fa lfe p anegyric : memorial s rather of
fu rviving p ride than of departed meri t . A fingl e monumen t wa s now equal to
a fami l y chapel a l aboured cenotaph o f more value than a grave. Hence th e
co ll ly funeral chapel s o f hil lt op s W e ll and Alcock at Ely, and o f thei r fove
reign . at W e ltmi‘n li e r, compared to which th e Ma u fo le um of Augu li u s, the
Moles Adri an i , the Pyramid o f C e fiiu s, the tower-l ike tomb o f Metel la, and
many more i n ant ient Rome were ma ll i ve p i les bui l t for immort al i t y, wh il e t he
more modern monuments can h ardl y find an at t i l i: cap able o f rep ai ring th e
fma l le ft fra éi ti re , or by rep l acing a key fione , fay i ng the whole from in lta nt
ru in . Hence we find the Ceci l monumen ts executed by Florent i nes,as thofe
o f our fove re igns had been ages before, and we ma y t race the van it y or lk il l
o f foreign s trift s fa r back in fume of the more a ccomp l ilh e d performances o f
thei r k ind.
A fter the imp eachment here brough t a ga in lt mo lt of the dr a ugbtr of mon u
ments now e x ill ing, which m a y be extended to molt Cop ies of infcrip tion s,
whether by fa c fimil e or othe rwife , the p ubl ic w il l not be difp l e a fe d to h ave a
{e r o f p rints, ep itaphs, and d e fcription s, intire ly n ew l ai d before them. Where
it i s a hfo lu te ly n e ce lfa ry to touch on others, the fubje tfl s al ready publ i lh e d and
engraved are referred t o. But th e greater p art of the monumen ts and ep i taphs
are fuch as it is bel ie ved h av e not been general l y, if at a l l, not iced before ;and of which I have p rocured or been favoured wi th faithfu l cop ies . The lowe ll :
meri t foch a work can p retend to is, to be deemed a fupp l eme nt to Weever.
Far a m I from being infe nfibl e of the difficul t y of procuring accurate draw
ings o f monument s at a dilta noe from the cap it al . This I h ave exp erienced
too often when ] have been obl iged to borrow an in ferior p enci l, and have
frequentl y been left wi thout an y help at al l : where, had a Ve rtu e , a Grimm,
a Ca rte r, or a B ag/ire , a ll i li e d, the monuments of dill a nt cathedral s might hav e
been rendered a s fam ili ar as thofe of W e ftminli e r. Nor i s i t on l y the d ilta nce
o f dra ughtfme n from the fpo t, but th e l i tt l e p ract ice of the fubje ét. The
walk of fame for modern a rti lt s i s not fu fficie ntly en larged . Emulous of ex
cel l ing i n H ill ory, Port rai t, or L a ndfca p e , they overlook the u np rofitable,though not l e fs ta ll e fu l, wal k o f Antiqu it y, or, i n Greci an and Roman forget
Go th ic and more dome ltic monuments . The u nfi'
e qu e ncy of the purfu it e n
hances th e p rice . I mu ll excep t from th i s rep roach my friend B A S I R E, whofe
pra ife i t is t o be faithful i n hi s tra nfcrip ts and model l: i n h i s p rices, though
it i s a lmolt a p e rve rl ion of h is burin, which lh ine s fo much in l i ving por
t raits, to emp loy i t on Goth ic ones .
Nor mu ft I forget howman y fp e cime n s are contr ibuted to th is col l e étion by
M r . JonN CA RTER, whofe ri l i ng talen ts I h ad hai led w ith p red ict i ve a ppl a ufe ,
an d towhofe merit I a m always ready to do ju ll ice .
. It Would b e the highe llt i ngrat itude not to ack nowledge what obl igat ion s
th is work is under to the h and of frie ndlhip . To Mr. Ty s o n I a m in debted
C for
for fcvcra l drawings, a nd had he l i ved to enjoy h is long wilhe d for retreat,
I ll i ou ld have recei ved many more. To the exert ions of CRAVEN ORD,e fq.
are owing th e impre fli ons o'
f fome o f the fine ft bra lfe s, as wel l as man y
valuable de fcriptive hints . I a m happ y al fo in te ltifying my acknowl edgements
to Mr. KERKICH fo r fe ve ra l highl y— finilh e d drawings ; and for many n fe fu l p a r
ticu l a rs to the l ate Si r J OH N CULLUM (O/i fa l a a fp e ra runwa y !) who
l i ved not to fe e the fu cce fs o f his l abours and thofe of his excel lent coadj utor
i n my behalf. The hon . HORACE W ALPQLE, with that re a d ine fs o f communi
cat ion which marks hi s ch a ra ci cr, indulged me with the free u fe of a number
o f drawings by Mr. Vertue or Sir Charles Frederick, which he p u rch a fe d
among a v a ft fund o f others at Mr . Le thie u l l ie r’
s fale . And lhou ld th i s work
a ttra tfl the notice o f the curious enough to induce any p e rfon of ta fie and l ibe
t al i t y to communicate corre ét d rawings of fucli monuments in this period a s
have e fca p e d or been omit ted by me , I fh a l l be ready to engrave them for a
n ew edit ion or a fupp l eme n t.
Since I firlt conceived the pre fe nt de fign fome events have h appened wh ich
render the candour of the public o f very fe riou s concern to me . The Societ y
o f Ant iquaries have publ i fh e d engrav ings of five monuments i n W e ltmin li e r
abbey, with a n accurate de fcrip tion by the Montfaucon o f Engl and, the l ate Si r
JOSE PH AY LOFFE. When I re fle éi on his in t imate acquaintance with every p art of
that venerabl e firu fi u re , and the opport unit ies he had for pu rfu ing his enquiries
there, I am at a lofs whether to lament h i s re luéta nce to cont inue what he
had fo happ i l y begun , or my own pre fumption i n attemp t ing to fupp ly his know
l edge by vague conje é'
ture s . He'
clofe d a l ife devoted to the'
lindy of our n ational
antiquit ies before three fli e e ts o f th is work had p a lTe d the pre fs ; and i t can on l y
p a y a tribute to hi s abi l it ies . Had my ingenious friend Mr. Tyfon been l i ving,h is ta fte in drawing, and h is k nowledge o f the fe fu
'
bje cts, would have corrected
innumerable errors wh ich now obtrude themfe lve s . . It i s enough for me to
bewai l my lofs by his death , and to add to i t, and the infia nce s of mort al i ty
I a mh ere co ntemp l at ing, thofe of our common fri end Mr. J ames Effe x , and th eRe v . Sir john Cullum, bart . Dep ri ved of the fe aids,
Fe rimur p e r opa ca loca ra m,
Et me quem J a da /n non ull a injefia mov eba nt
Te l a , mque a dve r/o g/ome r a /i e x a gmine Gra ium,
s c 07mm te rre nt a une ;fonur e x cita t 0mm} ,Sumen/a m, e t pa r/Ye r comifiqu e one rique timentem.
L I S T
COF F INS, 8cc. in Lincoln min li e r, t o fron t p .
Chal ices,
Crofi'
e s p l . I . II.III. IV;
B ra fs p l ate i n Norton“
Difn e y chl i r'
cl‘lSwords
Antien t bi lhOps in El y minli e r
Plate1 Hea d Piece, GIJ NDREDAS ’ Monumen t,W ESTM INSTE R Abbot s
,
Head Piece three coffin - fa fhione d tombs,n Monumen t o f ROB E RT PITZHAIMON,I I of INGELRIC/i ,
‘
I I I* of Bi lh ops RAY NELM and Loe oA,‘
1 8I I I — of PETE RBOROUG H Abbots
, 1 9IV of B ilhop s o f SA L I SBURY; 2 0
v Monuments i n the TEMP LE CHoc , 2 4.v il fMonume nt of ROB ERT FITZHARDING at B riflol, 2 8V I FITZWALTERS a tDunmow, and ST. CLEREs at Davida /y, 3 0VI I M ATI LD A F ITZW A LTE R at Dunmow,
Tai l Piece, AUB R EY DE V E R E
, 3 2Head Piece, Bifhop AQUABLANC, 3 3
“
I x Monume nt o f Abbot AL AN at Tewke/bury, and VE R ES a tEa rl ’s C01”, 3 6x 8: x r - o f SIR HUGH BARDOLF
, 3 4.VI I I — o f ROB ERT DE VE RE, 3 9
x I I o f Prior PH I L I P and B ilhop POORE, 3 6§
X I I I of W I L L I AM LONGSPEE Earl o f SA L I SBURY, JOHNLord MONTACUTE, and Bilhop POOR E at Sa rum,
of NEVILLEs at Corge rba m, SIR HENRY DE B ATH E,
and a Monument at B e a u/fe z: Aébey,x rvh of BERK E LE YS in B ri/iol Cathedral , 4 4.x v o f B ilhop B INGH AM at Sci/Wa ry, 4 5x v i of B ilhop GEOSTETE, 4 7
x vu r of H ENRY the TH IRD’s CH I LD REN, 4 9
x xx Monuments i n the TEMP LE CHURCH,. 5 0X VI I Monumen t
-
o f B ilhop B R I D PORT, 5 3x x 8e x x r o f H ENRY the TH I R D
, 5 7x x u Portrait o f H ENR Y III.
5 7In fc
‘
rip tion on B i lhop GRAVESEND , 6 ox x rl*Monume n ts of Bilhop s St .MA RTIN;and INGLEr H-ORPE at Rocbeyi er, 60x x u r Monument o f Queen ELEANOR 63x x u fi Portrai t o f dit to
, 63Monumen t o f Prior B A S ING, 6 3ROB E RT DE VE R E
, 68
EDMUND C ROUCHB ACK , Earl of La ncafie r, 8 6
Should be 36.
XXVI I
Plat ex x v rt
Monument of W I L L I AM DE VA LENCE, Earl o f Peméroke ,HEAD P I EC E, Sir ROB E RT du Bors,
x x vm Monumen ts o f Bi lhOp s LANGTON and PATESH ULL at Licbfie ld,
xX X I AYME R DE VALENCE, Earl of Pembroke ,x x x
x uXXX I ’XX l Jo t-IN o r ELTHAM,x x x ru l
x x x IvB LANCH E DE LA TOUR and W I L L I AM OFW IND SOR,
x x x v B ilhop and Lord BURGHERSH,x x x v* B ifli op THOMAS CHARLTON,
In fcri ption on Abbot SUTTON,
x x x v1! Monuments o f ROB E RTEGGLESFIELD and ROBE RTATELATHE‘
,
Infcription on W'I LL I AM ROTHWELL,
x x x vu Monument o f Bilhop HEATH,x x x v ri r Lady MONTACUTE and RO B ERT HUN GER FORD,x x ru x Ladies of the COBH AM Fami l y,
XL Bifhop TRELEQUE, and S ir ROB ERT de GRE Y,XLI PH I L I P PELETOT,X L I I ROB ERT DE BUERS,
XLV ROB ERT BRAU NCH and W i ves,Si r M I L ES STA PY LTON,
XLVW Sir BR I AN STAPY L'
I‘
ON,
BERK ELEY S at B e rke ley,
X LVI S irW I L L I AM DE LA POLE,X LV I I B ilhop LEW I S CH A RLTON,X LV I I I Queen PH I L I P P A,X L IX Port rai t o f d itto,
L 36 LI Monumen t o f THOMA S BEAUCHAMP , Earl o fW A RW ICK,LI I - THOMAS VE RE , Earl o f OX FORD,LI I W IMB I S H o f NOCTON, and N IC HOLAS Lord
C ANTALUPE at Lincoln,L I I I EDWARD Lord DESPENCER,LIv Sir R ICHARD PEMB R I DG E,LV EDW ARD I I I .LV I Portrait o f EDW ARD III.LV I I Monument o f
'
S ir JOHN DE GREK E and Lady,Lv rI I S ir JOHN HARS ICK,
LI X Sir JOHN HAWKWOOD ,Lx ELEANOR DE BOHUN,
u “- R ICH ARD I I . and his Queen ANNE,
Portrai t o f R IC HARD I I .LX I I ILx Iv Port rait o f Queen ANNE,
Smal l Plates i n Let ter Ptefs .
Wareham urn, p . x lv . B ra fs o f Sir John Maltravers, p . I I 7
Grofs, l xv i i . Infe ription at C a mp fe y, 1 4 3R ing
, v i i i . Rufford, I 8 9.
Two p l ates o f the infcription on Hinton St . George, z o o
the Con fe fi'
or’
s monument, 3 St. Alban’s, 2 0 5Arms on a tomb at Tewlkbury, 4 6 Watton, 2 09
C O N
CONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTION.
ARROWS in ge n e ra l pu t ; in Gre e ce a nd
Afia 1—
4 ; in Britain 4 , wi th Ske le ton: a nd4 , 5 the ir form 5 ; double 5 mate rials 5 ;
o f Kings a nd Druids Co lli ns a nd Othe r a rticl e s found in them7—
9 ; Cairns 9; he a ps ot'
fl one s
l o ; ba rrows how long in u fe I o ; Ske le tons inunufua l po ll ure s 1 8 — 1 9 ; Kl
'
fi'v a m I I Gia nt’sgrave , I I , 19 ; circle s of flone r I I , 13 jl one coffim unde r tumuli I 3 , 19, 23 , 24 ;Tumuli in Orkne y 1 1— 14 .
Monume ntal Pillars 14 .
SK ELETONS I 4 , 1 5 ;with a coppe r ring I 5 ,68 ; with a {word 1 5 ; a fibu la ibid. ; Sculls 15 ;Roman Ske le ton; 1 5 , 16.
Burning the de ad 1 6; Urns in Fa irwe l l a ndY o x ha l l Churche s I 6 ; K iflva e n 1 6 ; Containingbone s 17 ; containingurns, ibid. ; Cairns 18 ; cov e ring 3 va ults 1 8.
0017 5 114 5 of Cla y 19 ; Roman 19, 2 1 , 2 2 , 23 ;Etru iCd n 20 ; of Nnma 20 ; a t Chrifl chu rch 2 1
o f Tyle r 2 5 ; of B r ide 26 : Chriftia n 26 ; a t Re pton 2 8 ; firll introduce d a t St. A lban’
s 2 8 ; ne a r
Afh ford 28 ; Che fie r 29 ; Wale s 29 ; the irproportions ibid. que ry abou t the ir ge ne ral u fe29, 3 5 ; infla nc e s of, 30, 3 1 , 37, 3 8 ; the ce lebra te d co ll e fl ion o f a t Civau x in Poif‘tou 3 1—
3 5o the rs in France 3 5 ; CROSSES on the lids 3 5 , 36whe nce de rive d 3 6 ; with Te mplars
’croffcs 36;
infl a nCe s of the la te u fe of jlone coffins 37 le a de r:
cofli ns 39, 40—4 4 , 63 ; coffins of gold 4 4 , 63 ;
glafi 4 4 , 4 5 , wow!4 5—4 8 .
Ma te ria ls in wbl cb bodie s we re jbrouded 4 8 ; [e athe r 4 8
— 5 3 ; the ir prope r habits 5 0 , 62 pontifia‘a li
'
a 50—5 5 , 66 ; rega lia 5 5 , 5 6 ; emba lming
5 6, 5 7 , 60, 6 1 , 8 1 ; of a n Egyptia n mummy 5 7,5 8 a tW ra tiflaw5 9 ; in honey a ndwa x 60 ; in do]60 ; crowns. 61 ; re ma ins o f Childe ric l . 61 , 62 ,63 , 65 ; of Childe ric l l . 65 .
Anima ls bu ri e d With the ir own e rs 64 ; borfe »
jboe r 64 ; borfe -furniture ibid. ; a rms 67 ; urn:
a nd e oinr ibid . ; Guine ve r's tomb e xamine d 66 ;
ring round limbs of ike l e tons 68 ; f e tte r: 69 ; abird cage ibid. ;pa te n a nd cha lice 69, 7 1 e a rl /J en
pa r; 7 1 , 7 2 .
HEARTS a nd Bow a 72 , 73, 74 .
HEAD S 7 5 ~
B one : of bird; or be aj h 75 .
Extraordinary PRESERVATION 76, 82 ;Ethe ldritha , Richa rd a nd Alice Hackne y, hp . Bra ybroke , W illiam Parr, ma rqu is o f No rtha mpton , Dr. C
_
a iu s, Thomas Lyche fe ld at B a th, 77 ;bodie s in $1. Margare t
's church, We fl minil e r,
a nd St. Martin’
s in the Fie lds , Stave rton 78 ;
in ma ll s a nd moors of England a nd Scotland,
mummie s a t Stroma 79 ; Te ne rifl'
e 80 ;Otahe ite}Riow 8 1 Pale rmo 8 2 .
H a ir, infla nce s o f long, 8 2 .
MAURICE Jo HNSON'
s memo ir on SEPULCHRAl}MONUMENTS with additional note s 83— 88.
I ll form, of tombs (lone coffins 83 .
2d form, p rifmntic a nd carve d a t tOp 83 .
3 d form, table s with e lfigie s or fcu lpture4 th form, tombs with te ll e rs or a rche s 85 .5 th form, chape l burying place s 86, 87.
6th form, inl a idwith brais 86.
7th form, mura l 87.
8 1h form,de tache d buildings 8 8.
SMARTLBTH IEULLrER on fune ral monume ntswith additiona l note s 88 .
Fo u nDERs'tombs , one a t Burnt Pe lham, 8 8 ; fe
pu lchra l monume nts be fore the conqu e ll doubtfu l!89
—92 King Sebe rt, Ai lwin, Brithnmh, 92 ;
bilh ops a t Ely , A rthur 93 .S e pu lchra l Monume nts afte r the Conqu e ll 2 4.'
C ROSSLEOGED figure s 94 —97.
TABLE tomb withfigure s cumbe nt on it 97.EFFIGIES on tOmbs, whe the r portraits 97 3
re cumbe nt figure s on Gre e k a nd Roman monume nts 98 ma te ria ls of monume nts 98 .
WOODEN figure s 93.B r a] : or coppe r a ndfilver figure s 99.
Figure : of fma /le r proportion than ordinary 99;100.
Fla t gra v eflone r inlaid with bra fs 1 00— 103 ,1 06.
Figure ; cut in {l one flab: in line s, plain orblacke d 103 .
lnfcrz'
p/iom in Fre nch 104 .
Gotbic a rcbil e flure of tombs 104 .Se pu lchral cha p e l 105 .
Ufe of arms , de vice s , rebu l'
e s, a re . ibid.
Antiquity of coats of a rms on monume nts 105 ;mode s of be aring a nd qu a rte ring, 105 , 106.
Crofie rs 107 ; croll e s 107— 109, with 4 p late s.Ske le ton I t o— 1 12 .
Sou ls conve ye d to he ave n by ange ls 1 12 .
Attitude s 1 12— 1 13 ; wife a t hu lb a nd’
s righthand 1 13 childre n 1 14 .
Fore ign a rtill s employe d on ancie nt monume nts1 14 .
Rule s for fe pu l chra l monume nts I I 5 , I 16.
Place for incumbe nts a nd founde rs o f churche sl 17 .
Burial in the church porch 1 18 in the chapterhoule 1 1 8 ; in a wall 1 19.
Polyandrium1 1 8 Fo li'a 1 19 ;woman burie dbefore the high altar 1 19 ; tombs re ve rfe d in il tuation 1 19 fate of bra ll e s 120 ; of (labs 12 2 ; of
D altar
a lta r (l one r ibid. ; of othe r monuments ; pre fcrvation a nd care o f monume nts 1 23 .
Anima ls, fire . a t fe e t of figure s 1 23 — 1 25 ; dogs1 2 4 .
Cumbe nt po ll u te 1 25 .
H AB ITS 1 26.
Illuminations a nd Pa intings 126 note .
B e a rds , whiske rs, a nd ha ir 1 28, 1 29, 1 30 ;
Pykyd {hoe s ibid.Crowns 130— 13 1 ; a bomktt 13 1, 166; {ce ptre s
13 1 , 13 2 .
Corone ts 1 3 3 Chaple ts 134 .
Roya l Habits 13 4 a nd fune ra l a ppare l 13 5 .ARMOUR ma il a nd p l a te d 1 40, 1 4 2 , 1 4 3 , 192.
Ha ubcré 140 C a m/”fla n 140-1 Ma il/bid 14 1 .
Ha uburge on ibid. ; you r“ ! ibid. ; H a gue/on,
fl'
a mbaficm, Gipon, 14 2 ; furcoa t 1 4 2 , 1 4 3 ; bla
20nry on it 14 2 , 14 3 ; Gonfa nnon or Pcnnon 143 .
Armour mi-partie 14 4 .
Cui'
rafi, Poo/d ram, B ra/a rt, An ambra s or Va mbra e e , 14 5 ; Ga untle ts ibid . ; Ga rd: dc: re in: or
Cult /It! ibid. ; Curve : ibid. ; Kne e p i e ce s 14 6;
Gre ave s ; S a ba tons ; foot a rmour 1 46.
Spurs 146.
S hie lds 1 46.
Swords 14 7, 148 ; da gge r, mife rie orde , bq/I'
la rd.
con/clot 149.
Rcll 149.
Ma ce 1 49.
Horle ca p a ril'
on 1 4 9.
H abit of the CLERGY 1 50, 15 1, 1 5 3 ; Cape ,Oa r/uble , Alb, 1 50 ; Ami ce 15 1 ;Pa ll 1 5 1 ; gown embl a z one d I 5 I . .
H a bit of MONRs 1 5 2 .
B t suovs 15 2 ; roche t ibid. ; glove s a nd jewe lsibid. ; right hand giving the be neditl ion 1 5 3 ;mitre s 1 5 3 crofie rs a nd p a ll ora l Ra ff 15 3 .
Ana or s'ha bit 1 5 4 , 1 5 5 .
Archbifh ops o f Roue n tnrn face s to B a li 15 5 ;Be aumont bifh op of Durha m ibid. ; large fla b;15 5 ; bilh ops fune re a l dre fs ibid.Ce nfing a nge ls 15 5 .
Soul conve ye d to heave n 15 5 .
Pa intings, a ncie nt, o f bifh ops at Ely 15 6Pricll s figure s in p a tilb churche s 15 7.
I N T R O
14 ]
H a bits of STUDENTS or GRADUATES 15 7; PARl sH C LERKS ibid. ; Lu me n , BURGESSES, a nd
MERCHANTS of the STAPLE 1 5 8 .
Ane la ce 1 5 9 ; gipcie re or purfe 159, 162 , 163 .
Habit o f the Kn IGHT’
s SON 15 9 ; PH Y s IC IAN
ibid. ; jc E 160 ; SERGEANT, ALDERMAN, ‘
S HE
R tr r, Mu wu,R e e ve , 161 FR IAR, Y BOMAN,
FORRESTER, 16 1 .
Gite , Ha lte ta u, 161 ; Ta ba rd, Cow-tap] , Cbe ve ‘
fiz il, 162.
Coa ts 163 ; fle e ve s 163 , 164 ; ha t 164 ; capsor bone ts 1 64 ; boot a nd lh oe 164 .
Currbafe a nd Court ma ntle the le appe l lationswhe nce 165 .
Dre fs of young p e rfons 165 e x p e nftvc a nd
fa nta flic dre fs 165 , 166, 167, 168 .
Le tte rs embroide re d 011 d e a ths, 166;74 th 166.Fa fh ions a nd dre fs mifre pre fe nted 167 .
Cufh ions unde r he ad 169 ma t or ma tra fs 169.Ga rte r worn by knights a nd ladie s 169.
Monlt ilh habit a lrumed by the 12 i of both fe x e s1 69.
Rings 169 ; pre la tical a nd abba tia l 169, 170
royal 1 71 worn by ladie s, mantle a nd ring howapp lie d, we dding ring 171.H a bits of Ladie s 1 72 ; Coe lTe ure 172 .
Ha ir how dre ll 173, 174 , 177; re ticu la tedhe a d dre fs 1 73 ; high 1 4 ; mitre d 17 5 1 with thev e il 175 ;mitred he a d re fs a nd its variations 1 77Wimple 175 , 176 Ve il Surt a t 177— 179 ; longa nd (11011 178 varie tie s of gowns a nd ll e e ve s 1 79;double fl a tne s 1 80 ; va rie ties of a l l the diff e re ntparts of dte fs 18 1— 183 ; be lts a nd girdle s 182 ;fl e e ve s, varie tie s of, 1 8 2, 183 ha bit of the time si ll defigne d 18 3 ; Kir i/e 1 84 ;Ke rn/e 1 84 ; Cordon
1 84 ; Pre ciou s {tone s 184 ; glove s 184 ; mitte nsa nd mitte n fle e ve s 184, 1 85 .
Habit ofAbbe/[ u a ndmm: 185 , 1 86.S ilk 186, 187 ;Auri/rafia m, Orfrays 187.Fringe s 187, 1 88 ; diape rwork 1 80; Sa ttin 189Furrs 1 89, 190, 19 1 ; M m
‘
wr 190.
Co ll ly fe male dre ls 191 ; long trains 191 coll],dre fs of me n 192 .
Ge ne ral varie ties in amour a nd dre l'
s in the 15 tha nd 16th ce nturie s 192, 193, 194 .
£0111s upon ta berna tlos , tplot noon lofts;19o 111 homes home for a bouttuflDt a rmto a ta ba ua tt, cl a n for the nonts ,
‘
ma nta opott ma tbtl in ma n? ma rtin i: myrt,‘finpghtts tn thtt: tontfa ntz fl a t: for the2111s i t ttmto reports Pfa tt th opon erthc211mtoboly motes ymzoughrWm hp her fpbtsma ny ga y ga tntmtns tha t mttttt golo betttt.
Pma s PLOWMAN’S C a m s .
H E fe pu lchra l memorial s e re éte d to eminen t me n i n every age andn at ion h ave made no incon lide ra bl e obje éts o f curiofity and inquiry.
Taite and Vanit y have been compet itors for p erpetu ating thei r votaries i n theTemp le o f Fame— from the Druid tumul us on the Wi l tfli ire down s to the l a te ltt enant o f W e ftmin l
‘
te r abbey or a v i l l age ch urch-yard . Dr. St ttke l e y’
s dif
cove ry o f a flt e le ton on the ta p o f Si/bu ry hi l l p roves that we have our
p yramids as wel l a s ou r Irith neighbou rs at NewOra nge ; and foch is everybarrow in the world— whether of PATROCLUS at o f HALY ATES i n Iom
'
d,o f the SCYTH I ANS on the B orystbe ne r
’
, or the TARTARS thei r fucce flors i nthei r great de fe rts 3, or the many unknown chiefs and bards i n Swede n, De nma rk,and B rita in 4
.
B a nnows are the moi’t antient fe pu lchra l monument s in the worl d : but theircontents are as Various a s the difie re nt p eop le th at occup i ed the globe, or thed ifferent circumfia nce s of thofe peop l e.Homer i s very p art icular in de fcribing that of Patroclus. I t wa s firlt marked
out wi th a ci rc le ; th e foundat ion s were then l aid round the very {pot wherethe p i l e was (t il l fmoa k ing, and ea rt h wa s thrown u p over them
Toevwzraty'
lo J‘
s mum, St igma: r e “13 50501710170Ape x m eow5 19013 35 x ui a v emyuan sx eua v.
Xe ua flec de 70 a ny-(X, wa m y. 171. Y . 2 5 5 — 2 5 7 .
The remains o f the body were col l e é’
te d i n a golden u rn, whi ch was not lodgedunder thi s barrow .
Among the (l iftingu iih e d barrows of Greece ma y be ranke d that of Epytus i nArcadia
,which Pa u fa n ia s d e fcribe s as not very large, and furro unde d by a
margin o f (tone : Fnc x opa 3 A198 1131171 131 e v 111.1w we el sx oy evoy’. which
Homer admi red, as not having feen a finer That of I carus was a fma l l one,on a headland where he was ca ft away 7
. That of Ach il les w as in a fimii a r
fitua tion
A117) em 11750a £715 1 e ma ils: EAMavroy'
ltp0; new1 11715 a sit wovloow a vde a wwemTote a t mm7 9701011" t a u a t a fla l
The brothers Amphion and Zethus lay under one common barrow, so my?
771; xwft a'r i 8 yew;
john Fowle r told him, tha t in digging the re he found a t top bu e kt'homs, 1 huma n jawa nd te e th, a l l ve ry rotte n;Roma n e o in1,_ a n iron knife with a n ha ndle . Stuke le y , MS. pe n.me .
He rodot. Me lpome ne , 7 1 . Se e Are hz o l . 11. Memoire t de Tott, P. H . p . 50.
Mr. Forfle r (Obfe rv a tions, p . me twith but one tumuluo in the South Se a s . This wa s inNewC a ledonia , on
the {e a -thof e , four fe e t high, furroundcd by a n ine lofure of fl icks, a nd on it othe r flicltt with turbinp t on them. Dr.Spa rrma n (I I. de fe ribe s in nume ra ble he a ps of (tone s of the fe pulcra l kind in the uncultiva te d pla ins to the Northof the Hotte n tots ’
country.Are nd. c. 16. II. B. 603 . yét l l. 0. 349. he ce le bra te . th e pa y s u p. of [111 1 ne a rTroy.
7 fiula n., Bz ot. e . u . Odyl . 0 Pa ufa n.Be e t. c. 17.
Memnon’s
Memnon‘
s“
tomb fe ems“to have been a great ba rnotv; for Pa u fa n ia s fays the
”bi rds Memnonidcs fwe pt and watered with their wings that part
of i t on wh ich
no bulli es or grafs grew ; (ma cawT8 (awhil e; de vcln sew71 a re a ; tl/tmI t wa s an ant ient c uitom at Athens from the now of Cecrop s to fow the
fpotwhere the body was buried with corn
The lovers o f H ippod a min, who loft their l i ves with their race, had a h igh
barrow (l w‘ 7 11: vii/117.01)near the ruins o f H a rp inia , and afterwards Pelop s
e re éte d a monumen t (p imped ) to them, on which he fol emn iz e d yearl y 3 .
The Me fl'
e nia n pentath lete Lycus had a tomb of earth ; xwp a 777;
4; foch al fo
was that of Lycurgus the father o f Opheltes 5 .
Dr. Chandler, p . 2 4 . mifre pre fe n ts the tomb of Eurip ides on the road from
theport o f Pha l e rum to Athens, as a ba r row of e a rtb ; for Pa u fa n ia s e x pre fs ly
c al ls it on ly (Mn/4 d Pa u fa nia s carefull y diftingu ifli e s between xop a a barrow,
Ta QCC a tomb, and ymhaa monument. That o f Euri p ides wa s of the latter
k ind,and it wa s without hi s aibes ; item 14mm,
3 cenotaph . Mr. Chandler,
by the fame mifa pp re he nfion , points out a large barrow by the tide o f th i s road,a s the cenotaph o f Eurip ides. E sra ;moo; in Eurip ides as cited by Mr.W i l l i ams ,
Phil . Tra nf. 4 5 8 . p . ma y be an altar tomb ; alfo 1 141630; Ee e oc. What the
Greeks called 7 14 150; Cicero7 exp l ains big/l a m.
The {lain in fome battl es were buried under calm s, 010601 7“n which h a d no
in fcrip tionsto diftingu ifh them The fe a re the Aa l yom r efoa ywpotm o f Eurip i
d e s , a s cited by Mr. W i l l iams9. The altars by barrows or tombs, not i n temp les,
were (0 many cromlechs .La i us and his fe rva nt were burie d
’
unde r ca ims, 711901 z a p/a ds; owwgsvop e yotThat of the fons of lph itus, at Anticyra , fe ems to h ave been o f the fame
k ind, wx odottnfwsvov a iflotc
'rotc enflvx a a tv”mit t:And fuch wa s Amphion
'
s, (aid to have had a cif rle of fione r round it, rough
hewn'
; ra z ed Aphioyo; gimme 71191” x a’
lwésvwoé’
sCAn'
lou ,wile e tfyowp e vot e rgoc'ro
a x e lge e a'
lov, faid to have been drawn thither by h is l yre Such alfo wa s
H e él or's
Anhat da g’
s e t ota ny t a tte'
l ov St a t ue 0115111 6 117157393
Dummy M ew: t a l eroesa a v yey a hom
Xeua v’
l ec (it 7 0 ( mmcrow»m y. 11. Q . 797 . 801 .
Homer makes Priam ca l l thi s rvpgog. lb. 666.
Under th i s were de pofite d the burn t bones in a golden cafe, x eva emAa gya E.Jacob fe t a p i l l ar on Rache l
’s graveThree great fione s marked the grave of TydeusPittacus forbad the p l acing on the tumulus any th ing but a l itt le p il l ar, th ree
cubits h igh, or a ra ble (men/a ) or a l i tt le ve ife l (cla be/Ium‘ 5
.
Solon forbad adorning graves ope re tefl orio, or le tt ing H enna : on them Dr.Potter " unde rfia nds th is p roperl y enough of the fl a tu e s o f Hermes ; but Mr.D
’
Anca rv il le {tra nge ly o f [re a ps of fl ame . As Solon fu tt he r decreed, thatn o tomb fhou ld be made o f more work than ten me n could do in three days ,h e had re fpe é
‘
t to fimpl icity, that monuments fhou ld not be fe t ofl"
with archedroofs
,l ike buildings or inclofure s, or with figures o f Mercury, l ike way-pol l s .
The roads to Athens were l ined with tombs of heroes and i l lu ltriou s p e rfonsintermixed with temp l es . Pa u fa n ia s
'9 enumerates a long l ift, incl uding th'
ofe o f
Thra fybu lus, Pericl es, Cha bria s, Phormio, and other cit i z ens who had fal len inbatt le for the ir country, eminent a rtifis, Se c. with infcrip tions on p i l lars, fett ingforth their name and t ribe. This wa s the We fl'minite r abbey o f Athens ; bu tv iolence a nd the p lough have level led a l l diitina ion .
Pa ufa n. Phoe . 3 1. C ie . dc Le gib. 11» 1 75 . Ed.D a vies . Pa ufa n. Elis e . l l. 2 1 . Corinth. 7.
Co rinth. 1 5. Cha ndle r'sTra ve ls in G re ece , p . 3 33. Attic. a . Ubi fup . p . 1 78 .
Pa ufa n.Are . I 3 . 9 Ubi fup . Phoc. 5. Pha e . 36o Ba o t . 17. G ew a h r . a o.
Pa ufa n. Bl o t. 18 . C ie . de Le g. 16. C ice ro, lb.
‘ 7 l l . u s .
Re che rche 1, l l . 1° Ath l . 3 9.
The monumen t of Ma rdonius was f hewn by the road fide near Pl atea , a nd
near the en trance o f that ci t y the tombs of thofe who fel l fight ing a ga in ft th e
Pe rfi a ns ; the re fl: o f the Greeks had a common monument, but the La ce demon ia ns and Athen ians diftiné
’
t ones, infcribe d with elegies by Simon idesl n gent i l i Domitiorummonumen to fol i um porphyre tici ma rmoris fupe rfta nte
Lu n e nfi a ra circumfe ptum e ft l ap ide Tha fio fays Sueton ius, {p eaking of thefe p u lchi e o f Nero I s th is an altar tomb F
Trajan‘s p i l lar wa s the on l y infla nce of a fe pu lchra l monument W i th in ti ewal ls o f the cit y before the enlargement of Rome by Aureli an . So lu fque intra
u rbem fe pu ltu s e ft
The work on ( a rcoph a gi i s féldom or ever good, be ca u fe th e u fe of th em wasdifcontinu e d at Syl l a, and not revi ved t i l l after the Antonines . During this inte rva l was th e rife and fal l of fine fcu lp tu re . Alexander Severus and Jul iaMa m
maz a are faid to have been among the firlt excep t ions to the cufiom o f burn ing;They were buried in a fa rcopha gu s, which remain s to thi s day in the cap itol 4 .Howcan th i s be, when the Bar berin i v a fe wa s fuppofed to contai n the Emperor
’ sa fhe s ? But D’Anca rvil lc cal ls i t the tomb of his father Va riu s .
The connexion between fe p u lchre s an d p l a ces o f worfhip is of the remote fl:ant iq uit y i n th ree quarters of the globe . The Afia ti cs fe em to h ave adop ted the
J ewilh mode of burying.
l nfia nce s of tombs near and in temp les a r e not un frequen t among th e Greeks.The tomb of the fons of Medeawa s not fa r from th e temp le of Minerva Cha
l inuns at Corinth 5.
That ofAre a s, near Juno’s al tar, at Mantinea, on a fpot cal led the al t ars of
th e fun
That of Trygon , the h a rfe of Efcu la piu s, was in h is temp l e7.
The two daughters of Antip a snu s were buried in D i an a’s templ e at Thebes,
be ca u fe they d ied for thei r countryThat of Cecrops was ne a r, and Ere é
‘
the u s was buri ed in, the temple of
Minerva Pol ias in the citadel at Athens 9.That o f Ep imen ideswa s before a temp le of Mi nerv a at ArgosThat of Hyp e rmne fir a and her husband Lynceus had an alt ar near it
Pa ufa n i a s ment ion s one before the gate of a temp l e ; another j uli on comingout of a temp le
".
That o f Epop e u s wa s before tbe a lta r in tbe templ e o f Minerva at CorinthThat of B acus unde r a n a lta r i n a fqu a re inclofure cal l ed Ea ce um at Egina ,
and the barrow of Phocu s near it I t was furrou nde d by a_
fence, an d had oni t a rough (tone . Dr. Chandler thinks he {aw i t on the coa it of Egin a
‘ 5
The bones o f_Pyrrhus k ing o f Ep irus, after h i s body was burn t, were buried
in the temp l e o f Ceres, at ArgosThat of Demofihe ne s in tbe court of the temp l e of Nep tune at C a l a ure aThat of Tynd a rus before the temp l e of jup i ter at Sp art a
‘ 3.
That o fAnchife s ne a r the t emp le o f Venus nearmount Anchife s i n Arcadi a".
Hyacinthus was buried in tbe pe defta l o f Apol lo’
s fia tu e at Amyc laeAgamemnon‘s monument wa s (aid to be in the temp l e o f Alexandri a or Ca f
faudra thereCert ain beaut iful p i l lars i n the temp l e of Ceres, l we etoatve te emAll/”17600
to wh ich they turned as they fung the pr a ife s of Aras, were fuppofe d to be hi sch ildren’s tomb
Pa ufa n . Be a t. 1 . Ne ro, c. 5 3.3 Entrop. in Tra i. Vi a ggia na , p . 63 .
Se e Nie upo rt de rit. Rom. 376. V ia ggia na 7 1
Uh tombe a u qu’on de e ouvri t da m He re u lmtum e toit de core e x t e rie ure me nt de pie de lh ux d’
un bon genre ; I'ime
tiru r cl o it un ca ve a u de brique l a ya nt u pie d: fur 9 de la rge , a ve c de s urne s fu nera ire s tout cl o it re fle fe n pla ne a u
pomt que l a brique meme pofe e fur cha que urne n'e toi t p a t de ra nge
'
e : l a ce ndre y a vo it ce pe nda nt pe ne tre 6c to utn mpli . Voya ge e n l ta l ie , | 76; 6. VII. l ob
S Pa nfa nia l , Cor. 4 . Arc a d. 9 . Cha ndle r's Gre e ce , p . 53 .
Pa ufa n. Cor. a t . l b.‘ 5 P. 1 5 . f
‘ Pa tti . l b. a t .{7 l b. 33. j
' La c. | 7. Cor. a s .
What
What a re the fe but (0 man y prototypes of the d ifpo fi tion of monuments i n
Chriflia n churches ? As Chriftia ns h a d fami l y chapels, fo the p a gans (nfa-a ,
p ynpfla ) heroic monuments had altars, where they p aid honours to the memory
o f the de ce a fe d So Pa u fa n i a s de fcribe s the be roic monume nt (newt) o f Aratus
o f Pe rfe u s 3, and even of women, as of Hyme tho Andromache 5 ; iph igenia,a: Megara ‘
. The tomb of Opheltes, at Nemea, fl ood in an inc lofu re of fton e ,
Seiyro; New,with fe ve ra l altars ’
.
Epaminondas was buri ed on the field o f the battl e of Mant inea, and a p il
l'
a r (a ny) with a f hie ld, bearing a dragon, denot ing h im to be o f the fami l y
of the Spart a , wa s immedi ately fe t over his grave. There were alfo remain ing
On i t in Pa u fa nia s’s t ime two p il l ars (017ml ) one antient with an infcription
i n the Bae oti a n dia l e ét, the other wit h an infcription fe t up by the emperor
Adri an '.The ra tpa c o f Thye fle s had on i t a marble ra m 9
.
One of white marble, with pa intings on it, by Minas, jufiwithoutTritiaThe monument o f the {l ain in the battle of Marathon was a M 4500 termi n ated
with p i l lars (mm) infe ribe d with their names and tribes ; another for the Plateans
,and a th ird for the fla ve s, who were inl ill e tl on thi s cri tical occa fion . Mil
ti a de s had amonument (yyuga ) alon e which Count Caylus had engraved froma mona fie ry at Athens, Vl . xlv i i i . 3 . A trophy o f white marble wa s e re fte d onthe (pot. The '
Pe rfia ns were a lfo carefull y buried, but Pa u fa n ia s could find no
7 a ¢0l fo r them ; no xa ybe, nor any other token (a nywa y) whence_he concludes
they were ca ll into the firfi: p it After th is minute de fcrip tion of a travel ler’
ou the fpot fifteen cen turies nearer the e ve nt, how i s one to account for Dr .Chandler tra nfla ting Pa u fa nia s
’
s moo; a ba rrow and adding, that “ it is l ikel yit fiil l towers above the level of the p l a i n , being o f l ight fine earth, and having
“"a
‘bufli p r two growing on it ? At a fma l l difla nce Northward is a fqu a re bafe o fwhite marble, perhap s p art of the trophy .
” The other ba rrow: mentioned byPa ufa ni a s a re p robabl y among thofe extant near Bra uron nowVronna , where areone large and three fma l le r, and another a l i tt l e out o f the l ine, opened for af urnace or l ime k iln a lofty ba rmw, nearer the fe a , was in view The barrowo f lphige n ia which Dr. Chandler furmife d herewa s an new at Megara '5 .
B EFOR E we enter upon the monumental appe ndages of our a nce ltors , i t ma ynot be a rn ifs to premife a fewwords on the modes o f fe pu l ture , which have preVailed among them.
“
Barrows were alfo tbe ir, olde it tombs. But their contents in th i s ifla nd differat different periods.Um burial was a druidical and ant ient Britilh fa fh ion ; but not un iver
ra ll y : for we“
find many fk e l e tons under barrows,without urns; and in man y
i nfia nce s both . In th is l a fi cafe the p arties were p robabl y (l ain in batt le ; orwere Danes or Sax ons . See Borl a fe ’
s Antiquit ies of Cornwall, 2d edit . p . 2 2 0. 2 3 4 ,2 3 5 . W right’s Louthia n a , b. l l l . p . 1 2 . though the Doctor inclin e s ’
to referthe
‘
flt e l e tons to the Saxons and Danes, p . 2 2 1 . as Camden doe s the barrowsround Dorch e lte r. See alfo Hutchins’s Dorfe t, l l . 4 99 . addit ions ; where thehuman bones are probabl y remains of fome battle. A fk e lcton and urn werefound together with a
"
(pear-head under a barrow,at Durn ford n ea r Salif
bury, 1 7 3 2 By the road fide near Breech-down,Kent
,l ay fe ve ra l fk e l e tons
,
one of which had round the neck a firing o f beads o f various forms and
Ge doyn’a Pa ufm ia s, Vo l . I. p . 53. n. Cor. 8. lb. 18 . lb. 18 . Attic u
Art . 4 3. Cor. I 5. Br e t. c. a .
0
9 C or. 19. Ach. u . Attic. 3 3 .And a nothe r Gre cia n u
'
ppu ( a t he ca ll: ig in nmore finith e d flyle , lb. Pl. l ix . r.
Att. I6 h— 3 56,u p .
to Do fW Minutes of the Socie ty of Antique d“.
0 t n
fiz e s , from a p i‘geon's egg to a p e a ; and by h is fide a (word, dagger, an d
fp e a r ; the re lt l ay i n goo d order, without an y th ing to d ili ingu i lh them in
a barrow opened at Muckleford was found a fk e l e ton that had been interred i nan e re6t po ltu re l n thofe a mi le from Bradford Peverel are found urns, a lb es,burn t bones and leather money 3
. Fi ve urns were found under a barrow i n
Xemacs, in the loft century Some human bones were found near Abury temp l ew ithout a barrow 5
. Seventeen urns, with bones and a fhe s, i n“one ba rrow,
on Farnh am down,Dorfer, were i n a cel l o f Hi nts , p erhap s t he p rincip al
Bodies often lay on the furfa ce , and not under the level o f barrows, at High
crofs , Le ice fte rih ire
Tli ofe Op e n e d'
a t Steven age have been found to contai n on l y bits ,of wood and
gravel,and therefore are concluded to be rather boundary marks . The
fcve n hil ls, as they are cal l ed, on the road from Bury to '
l‘
he tfo rd,about fix
mi les from the'
former, m a y be o f the fame k ind, though the number o f
barrows about Burybe fpe a k s them fe pu lchra l": monticu li i l l i ex egol l a terra con
globa ti,”a s Leland elegant ly de fcribe s the barrow on Sa l ifbu ry p l a i n
9 Hubbathe Dane wa s buried in De vonfh ire , u nder a cumulus, cal l ed H ubbe/oweI n a round barrow removed to erect fort George at Ard e fcroon
'
po int in Scotl and,1 7 5 0, wa s found a flt e le ton, and a bra fs fp e a r head 1 4 in ches by 3 . One neara camp in Dorfe t lh ire contain ed four human fk e l e tons A large one on Charborough down
,i n the fame county, had two fcu l ls, and other human bones, not
burntThe great number o f barrows on the Downs near Woodyates l ed Mr. Aubrey
to a fingu l a r conje ftu re , that W e ftwa rd o f the ramp art and ditch n ear Welt Wood
y ates had been a terrible figh t . There are but a li t t l e within the l ine n ineteenbarrows
,and fome o f them very large . Here are alfo two or th ree circular
trenches,with a tump or two , which , i n al l p robabil i ty, were p l aces pro com
bu/Zione ca da v e rum. There are m any barrows between th is and Pentridge, andi n the chace i s a copp i ce, cal l ed Barrow- copp i ce. One ma y p lain l y fe e here thechace o f the v ictory wa s W e ltwa rd . He obfe rv e d at l eali I OO barrows fp a rfimon the downs and in the e nclofu re s from Woodyates towards Blandford, andthence to Dorch e lte r fe ve ra l
Sti l l l e fs'
wil l the form of the barrowa fce rta in to which peop le it belongs . It
is e ither long and ridged, or fl at, campan i form, pyri form, or round ; withor without a cav ity at top : o f d ifferent height s ; fingle or f urrou nde d by ad itch or fe t round wi th (tones or difpofe d i n rows, in groupes, or fe ve ra l with i none common ditch " a Some have a fmai l c i rcl e o f (tones at the top, others roundthe bafe ’ 5
.
“ One o f the doubl e barrows fouth o f Stonehenge being opened 1 7 2 2 , wasfound to be compofe d o f good earth qu ite through , excep t a coat o f chalk .
o f about two feet th ick, covering i t qui te over under the t urf. At the topor centre, not above three feet below the fu rfa ce , wa s the fk e l e ton, p e rfe fl , of
a re a fona bl e fiz e , the head ly i ng toward Stonehenge, or Northward . Anotherdouble barrow North o f Stonehenge, confilte d of a l a ye r
‘
o f chalk, as before,under the turf, then fine garden mould, then a layer o f fi lms about a footth ick on a layer of fo ft mould another foot i n thick ne fs, i n wh ich was in
G e nt. Ma g. 1758 . p . 55 1 . Hu tchim't Dorf e t, l
'
. 4 4 5. l b. Lluyd, in Pembroke lh lre .
S tu lt e le y’s Abury 31 . Hutchins , ubi fup. l . 5 3 7.
7 Stuke le y, l t. Cur. I . 104 .
Blomfie ld, l . 3. Sa lmon'oNewSu rvey, p . 161 . De Script v. Me rlin Bromton , p 809. A . D . 873 .Hu tchins , I I. 499 lb. 1 8 5 . Aubre y’
s Mon. Brit . Hutchim,I I. a n
The y a re fuppo l’
e d to be the Sa xon monocla s , of which thre e a re n e ntione d m the cha rte r: of Wil to n mona ll e ryMon. Ang. l l . 86 1 . though the word i s not in the Dlfl iona ry . Se e Hutchins ’
I Dorfe lWil liams, Phil .Tn nf. N° 4 58 . Thre e ditcht ba rrows by the
.
ca mp on Wa rre n~hill, by Ickingham.
b clofe d
clofe d an urn full of bones, made o f unbaked cl ay, o f a dark re ddifh co lou t‘
crumbled to p ieces . It had been rudely wrought with fma l l mouldings round
the verge, and other ci rcul ar ch annels on the o u tfide , with fe ve r a l i ndenturesbetween made with a pointed tool . The bones had been burnt, and crowdedal l together i n a l itt le heap , not fo much a s a hat-crown would cont ain ; and,by the female ornaments, app eared to have belonged to a young girl o f fourt een years old
.There were beads o f al l forts, and in great n umbers , o f gl a fs o f
d ivers colours, mo lt yel low,
one bl ack . Many fingl e , many i n long p ieces ,
notched between , f o as to re fe mbl e a fi ring o f beads , and the fe were general l y
o f a blue colour . There were many o f amber, o f al l f ha pcs and fiz e s, fla t
fqu a re ,long fqu a re , round, oblong, great and l itt le . Man y o f earth , ma ny
l arge and fla ttifh l ike a button,others l ik e a p ul ley. But al l had holes to run
a fi ring th rough , either through their diameter or fide s . Many o f the button
fort (com to have been covered with metal, there being a rim worked in them
wherein to turn the edge of the covering. One o f the fe was covered with athin film o f pure gold . All had undergone the fire, (0 that what would e a fi l y
confume fel l to p ieces as foon as handled . Much o f the amber was burn t halfthrough . If th is p e rfon wa s a female th e wa s a heroine ; for there wa s abra fs fpe a r head, having at bottom two holes fo r the p ins that f a fte ne d i t tothe fl ail
“
. There wa s alfo a fh a rp bodk in , round at one end, fqu a re at theother
,where it went into a handle. The next barrow to this, with in the fame
ditch,contained
,at fourteen inches deep o f mould, mixed with chalk, the
entire fk e l e ton of a ma n , lying North and South , the fk u l l and al l the bonesexceedingly rotten and p e ri fh e d ; th is Dr. Stuk eley fuppof
'
e d the hu fba nd orfather o f the former, and the barrowof the l a te f‘t fort W e ftwa rd, among agroupe of barrows, whence Stonehenge bears E . N . E. was a la rge barrow,ditched about, but o f an antient make. On the fide next Stonehenge are te nl effer, fm a l l , and as i t were crowded together . B all o f the great one anotherl arger than thofe i n the groupe, but not equal ing th e firft. I t would fe em t hat am a n and his wife were buried in the two l arger, and that the refi were o f thei rchildren or dependents . I n one o f the fmai l ones a child‘s body appearedto have been burnt , and covered u p i n the centre, where wa s a l itt l e holecut. From th ree feet deep they found much wood a fhe s, foft and black, fomel itt le bits o f an urn, and black and red earth , very rotten, fome fma l l l umps of
earth , red as vermi l ion , and fome fl ints burnt through . Towards the bottoma great quant ity o f a fh cs and burnt bones . From this p lace could be coun ted1 4 8 barrows in fight . One o f tho fe , which Dr. Stukeley cal ls Druid
’s barrows,
being opened , he found in the centre a fqu a rifh hole cut i n the fo l id chalk, threefeet and a half by two feet, point ing dire tftl y to Stonehenge, covered with artifici alearth, not above a foot th ick from the fu rfa ce
,contain ing al l the burn t bones
o f a ma n, but no figns o f an urn . The bank o f the c ircular ditch wa s on theo u tfide . I n another barrow o f l ike dime nfions wa s found a hu nt body in a holei n the chalk . I n fome others large burnt bones of horfe s and dogs along withhuman ; alfo, as fe eme d, o f other anima ls, a s fowl, hares, boars, deer, goats, Se e .
I n a great anti very flat o ld fa fhione d barrowW eft from Stonehenge,among fuch
matters, bits o f red and blue marble, chipp ings o f the {tones of the temp le, fromwhich the Doctor concluded the de ce a fe d wa s one o f the bui lders . Homer tell s
,u s
Achil les fl ew horfe s and dogs at the funeral of h is friend Patrocl usDr. Stukeley 3 de fcribcs the barrows o f king; as of diff erent fh a p e s, and
fome fe t round with ftone s . The long barrows he refers to the d ra b-druid:
Stone he nge . pu tt. 45 . Ih 4s. 46 Abmy . s
a bout a p in t o f clear gre e’
n ifh water ; a fi lve r bracelet, about two inches inbreadth
,and an ornament o f fil igra in work , gold or fi lve r g i lt, w1th red gl a fs
beads, a nd rema ins of a wooden bo x , and cl a fps and hinges
In the Gent leman’ s Maga z ine, Sep tember, 1 7 5 2 , p . 4 08 . is an account o f a ha s
rel ief i n a l a ba fte r, o f the Virgin Mary , Trinity, and angels , found in a barrowon S a l ilbu ry p lain , and fixed over an a le hou fe -chimney at Shra wton ; wh i ch
i s more l ikely to have come from the rel igious houl'
e a t Ambre fbu ry.
One o f the tumul i on the tide o f the Ice ning-fire e t l eading over Hogma gog
h il l s being level led in the fumme r of 1 7 7 8 , there were found in it fe ve ra l
bodies laid from N . to S . a nd one perp endicular to them, l ike a T, with fix
tops There Mr. W eft of Fu rne fs conje él ure d to be Roman, differing from theothers as that o f the Me ga re nfia ns from the Athenians , by which Solon deter
mined the i ll a nd o f Salami s to have belonged to the latter a b a ngin a 3.
I n the p a rifh o f Llanarmon are abundance o f tumu l i. Mr . Pennantwa s pre fen tat opening one, which wa s compofe d o f loofe {tones and earth, covered with al ayer of foil about two feet th ick, and over that a coat o f turf. I n the m idd lewere fe ve ra l urns o f a fun-burnt clay
, of a re ddi lh colour on the ou tfide , blackwith in
,being fia in e d by the a fh e s they cont a i ned . Each wa s p l aced w ith the
mouth downwards, on a flat (tone, another ly ing on i t, to keep off the weigh tabove. Mixed with the loofe {tone s were numerous fragme n ts of bones o f theth igh and a rm,
and even a {cul lMr. Fre e ba irn, who d ifcove re d two Roman forts not h itherto noticed i n the
country from Duntocher W e ftwa rd, faw an u nu fu a l mode o f burying . Onopening a tumulus for the h igh road they found on the level o f the f urfa ce o f
the ground 1 2 urns, fi x and fix , p aral lel to each other, made o f unburnt clay,1 3 inches deep , and part o f a fru lt ra te d cone, fe ve n inches di ameter
,at the
mouth, four and a half at the bottom, full o f bu rnt bones a nd p ieces o f the'
native {tone o f the country, about two i nches long, one inch broad, half aninch th ick, with a notch thus,
a s if for tying a fi ring round the middle ; the notch was the on l y fembl a nceo f art in them. The urns were al l i nvert ed
,upon a flat {tone o f th e fame
k ind, being a gre yi lh fre e lton e , full o f talc , not h ard . Immediatel y underthe fe urns was a {tone cheft, o f the fame fort o f fla ggs , confl ru éte d for a pe rfon i n a fitt ing po ll u re , on opening which a human fk e l e ton app eared inthat pottore, who fe bones were exceeding large ; but he faw none en t ire, e xcep t the Os l fchium, which indeed fe eme d double the fiz e o f an y ik e l e ton heever faw, and none of the bones appeared to have fu ffe re d fi re .
I t wa s (aidthe workmen found a p iece o f gold ; but it could not be t raced 5
.
The downs about Aldfrifton , c. Su ffe x , are covered wi th barrows : the chiefp a rt are o f a bel l fa fhion,
’
fome ti ngl e , fome double, and others treble, and afew of the long k ind . One at Aldfrilt on i s fifty-fiv e yards long, with th reelinks, one at each end, and one in the middle, with a deep ditch on each fide .
with another added o f another nat ion , whofe fe pu lchra l pofition differe d a s muchOn opening one o f the ci rcular barrows, 1 763 , the Ik e l e ton of a ma n wasfound lying on its fide in a contracted form with the head to the well
,the
Arch. Il l . p. 1 74 . Ex inform. M. Tyfon . 3 Plutamb in Solone .Wa le s , I . 38 1. Se e more , lb. 383 . Le tte r toMr. G. Pa ton, da ted Fre e port , lo Il a , Ma y 18
,1 778 .
t ix 1
bones vé'
ry ha'
rd a ndfirm, owing'to th e nature of the ground on wh ich the }
l a y, which was a be d of chalk . During the courfe o f digging were found t enkn ives o f differen t make, i ron fp ik e s, charcoal , a th in p iece of yel low metal,bones o f be a fts, In th e middle , under a pyram id of fl in ts, a n u rn , of u n
baked clay,the verge rudel y adorned; holding about a gal lon , fu l l o f burn t
bones and a fh e s , careful l y p l aced in the chalk rock, with about four feet of
eart h over i t
Dr . Knight; i n a letter to the Society o f Antiqui ti es, de fcribed bal d-ours on zi
heath bordering Ea ft o f Ipfwich, three or four mi les off , i n Wa l toh,‘ a me m
ber of Clare-p ri ory ; one l arger i n the m iddle, th e rell i n a‘
circle round i t;
Here are ruin s of an abbey, and an old crofs, with a date, 6 1 2; eil t on it;bu t fu fpiciou s . Some difta nce B ail of the town a re ru in s of a round Wal l onthe ridge of a cl iff next the fe a , between La ndgua rd fort and Woodbridge ri ver
'
;
o r B a wdfe y -haven . I t i s 1 00 yards long, five fee'
t h igh abo‘
v e ground, twel vebroad at each end
,turned with an angle, and compofe d o f pebbles and red
bricks, i n three cou rfe s : fuppofe d to be one of the Roman fort ifi c at ion s buil ton the co a ft a ga inft the Saxon s i n the t ime of the lower emp i re . All rou ntlare footfie ps of buildings, and fe ve ra l l arge p ie ces o f wall ca n d
'
own on the
fira nd, by the fea’ s undermin ing the
“cl iff, al l wh ich h ave red brick at lowwate'
r
mark. Very much o f th e l ike is vifibl e at fome difta nce i n the feat. There
are two ent i re p i l lars with bal ls ; the cliff i s 1 00 feet h igh .
Mr. Pown a l mentioned a gl a fs urn found i n a barrow Ea ft o f Lincoln , onthe Roman road, which wa s i n the poffe fii on o f the late Dr. Primrofe , afterin his, and gi ven to Mr. Folkes. Another of curious make, of red earth, withletters, and a fl ag on it .Many tumul i are fca tte re d a l l over the ifle of Purbeck . The n ine barrows
n ear Corfe are p robabl y Britifh . Thofe round Poo l and Studl and-bay Da n ifh .
Some in other p arts of the ifl a nd ma y be Roman. They are general l y fomeround, fome l i ngle, fome in group s ; moftly on h i l l s
, rifing ground, or longridges on the heath ”
. On the downs to the N . E . o f B incomb are a great numbe r, of diff erent dime nfions, fome in group s, and fome fingl e ; fo that he refe ems to have been the fce ne of fome remarkabl e act ion 3
.
Barrows l ie by doz ens a nd fcore s a l l thewa y between Everl y and Ambre fbu ry.Above th i s l aft are fe ve n, and fet/en on Mendip h i l l, fe ve n in Burghclere p a rifh .
I n three in W in terburn-ftok e Mr. Holland found noth ing : the bigge ft thereabouts had eigh teen inches under the furfa ce a fingle body. They are compofe d
o f p ure earth, or chalk, wi thout {tones but fome have fion e s . Some are 1 00
feet di ameter. Loud W inch e l fe a on op en ing fome Roman bury ing p l aces foundfome time s an urn by the neck o f the body. In the very old barrow faid tobe Ambrofi u s’
s grave on the left h and, wa s found a large hra fs weapon of near2 0 potl nd weight, l ike a pole-a x ; I n another a bra fs (word ; and i n a thirda celt
I n molt p arts of W ales an d the H ighl ands,and fome time s i n Comwa l l
,
Northumberland, and Scot land , the barrows are heap s o f {tones o f a l l fiz e s
t hrown together i n a round form. The fe are cal led Ka rne u , Ka med/J e u , Ca irns .Though often app l i ed to cover th e bodies of malefactors as a mark o f contemptand notori ety, they are genera l l y the buri a l p l aces o f the country, of the remote f
’t
ant i qu it y : for Mr. L lwyd fays H e étor had a Cai rn for h i s tomb . He a dds
Ge nt.Ma g. vo l. XXXIII. p . 396. Hutchim, I. wa s lb. 316Stuke ley, Stonehe nge , p. 46.
'
0110
( me Or two infta nce s, in which the fe contained near their f ummit a rude (tonetofii n or cheft The great barrow at New Grange is made o f pebbles or
cogl e (tonesThe heap s of (tones were often fu rmounte d by cro lTe s , to wh ich they fe rve d
as a bafe,and confe que ntly were rather fa cre d than in famous . See Llwyd in
Gibfon’
s Camden, Gl amorga n fhire , Marga m one at Li lford, c. Northumbe rl a nd.
I reckon among Cairn s certain concentric ci rcles in the Orkneys de fcribe d by
Mr. Lowe 3, compofe d o f an outer ring o f loo fe (tones, and three with in i t ofearth
, fu rrou nding a nucleus, or mound ra ife d of earth, fome time s (w ounde d
by (tones ; and the whole di amet er from no 5 0 feet. Tradition indee d
a fl igns no ufe to th e fe monument s ; but i t is hard to form an y other con,
je ét ure than that they were fe p u lchra l .An enti re (k e le ton wa s found between flags o f p roportion able fiz e , near Lla
n a rmon p a rifh as was another i n. one of the Orknie s, and others i n the (h ireo f Murray ; and with one of the l a (t an urn, with aib es, and fe ve ra l p i ecesof charcoalA barrowop ened by Mr. W i ll i ams, on St . Au it le Downs, had a (mall c ircle
o f (tones on the top , four feet high and fifteen broad at bottom the body wascompofe d of adventit ious earth, and near the centre was a p it a foot deep andWide, dug out of the natural (oil, and having two fla t (tones on i t . In another( imi l a r one wa s a cyl indrical p it, two feet broad and one and a h alf deep , co.vered wi th three (tones fe t edgeways . In the centre o f a nother barrow wa s al ayer o f flat (tones co ve ring a large heap o f others, a s thofe did more l ai din a conical form, and covering a cyl indrica l p it two feet broad and two and ahal f deep, whofe (ides were l in ed wi th flat (tones, under whi ch was bl acku nétuous matter about an inch th ick . A fourth, fu rro unde d by two inches of(tones, had i n it s centre an oblong fqu a re p it one foot and a half deep , twobroad, and five long, whofe bottom had the fame black gre a fy matter. Theoute rmoft ci rcle, or heap of (tones, concealed a n urn (ta nding in a p it on aflat (tone, and covered by two other flat (tones, and wedged in by many fmai l(tones . This urn wa s th irteen inches high, di ameter eleven inches, of hardburnt earth , half an inch thick, very black with in, having fou r l i tt le earsor handles, and containing (even qu a rt s of burn t bones and a fli e s 5
. See an umi n a barrow in Angl e fe a
6. Dr. Stukeley 7 ha s indulged a (trange chimaera , from
Dr. Plot 3, about a tumulus o f earth converted into a heap of (tones, and of for
t ifi cations become (ol id cl ifi’
on St . Vincent’s rock nea r Bri(tol . This i s of a
p iece with hi s conjectures, that a quarry of (tone in Linco ln fhire a nd Norfolk,where many Britith (k e le tons were found
, wa s once mould .
B arrows continued in u fe to th e r z th century. The p l a i n about Fornh am inSuff olk i s covered with thofe thrown u p over the Fl emi ngs (l a in unde r Robertearl o f Le ice fte r, 1 9 Henry I I . Seven of them be ing larger tha n the ra ft, a nd
p robably covering the bodies o f officers, a re (ti l l known by the n ame o f theSev e n H l
'
l/r, on the road from Thet ford to Bury 9.I might add, that the offi cers and p rivate me n (l ain at t he battl e -of Cul loden
are laid under two fe p a ra te and (imil a r barrows, nea r the Fri th of Forth ri ver .
Y e t l doubt if the many that o ve rfpre a d the fiel d o f battl e fought a t Otteraburne in 1 4 8 8 , are o f that late date.
Arclt'
t ol. H. 050.
Pe nn a n t's Wa le s , I. 387, 383. Mr. Lowe , ubi (up .
Rowla nd, p. 49. i ll e dit. Phil. Trnnfc N“
360. p . 966.
Blome fie ld'e Norfolk, 1. p. 3.
in oti c layer o f the barrows near Kingfga te the (k e l e tons we 're foiiiiddoubled together i n graves cut i n the fol id ch alk , together with u rn s, a fhe s,
and bones . The fe two barrows a re (uppo fe d'
to contai n on l y the'
o ffice rs,‘
molt o f the common me n having been ca(t in to the (ea from the cl iff s, e itherin the battl e or when (l ain.Mr. Dav is of Angl e fe a de fcribe d to Mr. Barr‘ington a Kiftv a e n he (a w i n
Ll a nga e d p a rifh , di fcove re d by the p low . I t was i n the clea r two feet n ine
inches by one foot n in e, and three feet deep , compo fe d of four rude (l abs o fgrey marble or l ime (tone, and covered b y a fifth , th ree fe e t ii in e i nches b ythree feet five inches . I t l ay near North and South , the (cul l at the North end .
The body being (0 d ifproport ione d to the coffin, i t was que ftion e d howit coul dbe l aid (trait in it, u nl e fs i twa s pu t i n (ome t ime after death, at th e p eriod when
the l imbs recover their fl exibi l i t y agai n . He fen t him another accoun t of aVery ext raordinary cat acomb d ifcov e re d in th e neighbourhood o f Sir N . Bayley. .I n a v an it on Muck leford Down, Dorfer, wa s opened a barrow, containi ng a
(k e l e ton , that app eared to be interred e re étI n one o f th e tumul i opened clore by Stromn e fs wa s found th e en t i re body
of a ma n inclofe d i n a (tone coffin , about four feet and a half l ong. The bod yh ad been p l aced in a fitt ing po itu re , and when the cheft was found wa s fal l endown between the th igh bones : the other bones (upport e d eac h other, (0 as
to th ew the original po l i tion . In another coffin d ifcove re d i n the fame hil loe kthe body h ad been l aid on it s (i de , th e knees to the bre a ft , and the hands tothe cheeks . At a (mal l difla nce another hi l lock wa s opened, i n wh ich wa s firfl
d ifcove re d a (mal l (tone che(t about a foot fqu a re , contai ning a (mal l quant it y ofd ifcolou re d earth . Nearer the cen tre a l arge coffin in which wa s an urn wrapt
u p in leather wi th a (mal l (tone cover contain ing a (h e s a nd bits o f bones . Theurn wa s “
made of a very gritt y cl ay much difco lou re d, and fpl it from near th e topto the bottom. This, with al l i t s contents, i s now i n th e po fl
'
e fli on o fmy good
friend Mr. George Paton of Edinburgh .
I n the ifl a nd of She rne fs , or S ai l a, without the dykes o f Hamn a, i s th e Gia nt's
Gra v e , a monumen t of (tanding (tones, original l y th ree, one now much
(horte n e d o f its or igin al dime n fions, another broken (h ort off at th e ground . Tradi ti on is quit e fi l ent about it. The (tones h ave been brought from the neighbour
ing (ea rocks .
Mr. Lowe imagines th e range of (tones and di tch marked th e fa cre d ground,a nd the h il locks near ly corre fponding with the four points m ight be for the
a l t ars, as th e neighbouring (tones might h ave fu‘
pport e d a t abl e, though thi s i s
nowgone, for p reparing the ( a crifice ; a l l p ar t iculars n e ce ffa ry about a heathentemp le. Probably their (hape ma y be o f u fe in point ing out their inten tion , and
gi ve u s to u nde rfta nd that i n the circle w as performed the worfhip i n honourof the Sun con fefi
'
e dly an idol of the Germa n s3 while the (emicircle W a s de
dica te d to the moon . If th is is the cafe, and it i s very p robable, a s they areboth excel len tl y (i tu a te d in the Ope ne it and p l a in e (t (po t i n the main land, wherethe fu l l e it view o f the fe bodies could be h ad from thei r rifi ng to thei r fett ing,the fe cert a i n l y are the ci rcle s of Loda, and the mofi
'
y (tones of power menti onedby Offia n i n hi s C a rria hu ra ; but al as th e echoing woods bending along theco a flg
” are now no more. Nea r the c ircle is a (bries of t umul i of a much l e fs(i z e than the four abovementioned, being ent i rel y fe pulchra l ;man y of themhave been fe a rche d into, and pombly i t h as be en h ei e W al l ace
’s fibu l ae werefound .
Hutchins, I. a MS. Hill . of Orkney. 3 Ve rflcga n, p . 75, 76.
Ne a r'
Te rmiit on i s a va ft tumu lus , p robabl y (e pu lchra l b ut th is i s not afe ct‘a
t a in e d ; fo rthough Lord Morton ca u fe d (e ve ra l peop l e to dig in i t, they gave
Over too foon , before they came within a great way o f the centre or thebottom .
Among the a ra bl e l and o f Ireland in.
th is p a riih , we obfe rve a e rr
cu l a r (pace
,i
'
urrou nde d by- a deep ditch , but without (t ones ; the l ike i s to be
(een at W e ftbu ite r in Sandwich p a rifh . The fe perhap s ma y have been the
pl aces o f ju ftice in ant ient t imes ; and if they have ever been
fu rrounde d with
(tones, the fe mu it have been (mal l , and carried off for budd ing.
In the mc fs of Ke nne fs numbers o f corp fe s are dug up , fu ppofe d to be Cath
ne fi‘
me n, ki l led at the battle o f Summerdale, which wa s fought between the
earl of C a thne fs and lord Sinclai r on the one ( ide , and Edward S in clai r of
Strome, who commanded the Orkne yme n, on the other.
In the l inks of Skail the tumul i are compo fe d either of (tones furroundiug thecoffi ns, and covered with (and, or of ent ire (and ; fome o f them contain one,
(ome more cofli ns, even to (i x p l aced in rows, one above another. The bodiesare al l naked
,though in fome which Mr. Lowe had (een op ened, coa rfe bags
ful l o f bones were found p l aced at the feet o f the p rincipal (k e le ton . Beads of
(tone and a fp e cie s o f Lithanthrax were found in one, with fe ve ra l other l itt le
part iculars, but no arms ; which ma y hint to u s that there were th e graves of
“
thofe who died at home. In one was found the body o f a child o f about
(even years of age, as the fe cond crop o f teeth were beginn ing to mak etheir appearance. In another an old ma n with the t eeth worn down to thegums, the (tump s ful l o f t artar, with a woman
’s bones pu t up i n a bag at h is
feet . On the hard a nd dry brakes we fe e numbers o f t umul i p l aced for the moft
p art either clofe by the highways or common (t i les . In the con ftruétion o f the fe
the coffin was firft (ct upon the l i v e earth, a nd heaped round with (tones andearth to the l ulk they de figne d it and as forn e o f them are very l arge, Mr. Loweimagines the whol e communit y m ight join , a s we know in t ime o f war thewhole army did, to make u p the hil l s ra ife d over the (lain . If at an y t ime they
h a d occa fion to bury in the fame tumulus, they op ened th e (ide o f i t, and
pl aced a Ie ITe r co(l i n, i n which are laid bones or le(ter bod ies . They fe emnever to ha ve (tre tche d thei r corpfe s to their ful l l ength , a s we never fe e any ofthe co fi i ns above four feet and an half long, and many l e fs ; the body with theknees to the brea(t, and the l egs along the th ighs . W e fe e yet another fp e cie so f tumulus in th is parini , which is ent irel y wi thout a coffin or urn . Here however the body has been burnt, a nd that in a very fierce fire, and the whole a lmoPcV itrified, fome th ing l ik e the clamp s th rown out o f forges . I n on e which Mr. Loweopened, the whole cover o f the tumulus was compofe d o f (uch clamp s, with p ieceso f human bones unburnt, and (ticking in them,
the matter hard congealed aboutthem . Ir: one lump wa s half a j awbone, i n others bones o f k orfes and dogs
,
which had been confume d i n the funeral p i l e, together with their maiter. Thetumulus here, he imagines, has been ra ife d immediatel y over the funeral p i le, asmany o f the lump s that are hol low are much difco lou re d, as if they had beencorr e re d while yet (mo a k ing. In many o f the fe (tone cofii ns we obfe rve a p rett ylarge quant ity o f animal bumu r, e fpe cia l ly abo ut the bones of the th ighs. Thebags for e nclofing the bones before taken not ice of fe em to have been made ofru ihe s . One o f the fe was full of a (mai l beetle
,cal led De rme fie s, both the bag
and beetles intire iy black and rotten . Some of the fe tumul i on the moors arefu rruunde d with (tones ; others, and by fa r the greater p art p l ain .
Mr. Lowe, i n his wa y over the hil ls of South Ron a ldsh a , (aw fe ve ra l tumul i, which the old me n ca l l Em Couligr, but wh ich they could not exp lain .
So Ba lde rwa s burie d Sa xo Gram. 23 . A. Se e a lfo Northe rnAntiq uitict , p. 344 .
A few tumul i have been dug u p i n Forfar p a ri ih in Kirkwal l , and fome
pl ai n urns found in them, made of a very ('
andy kind of clay, rather dr ied than
burnt.Several circles without (tones, or with very low ones in the Orkney id es, ma y
h ave been ting: or courts o f antient t imes; Several tumul i are fca tte re d u p anddown B endal e, to which trad it ion has handed down names, which i s (e ldom thecafe . One is cal led Enema ) , another Dybe ro'w, both no doubt corrup ted fromthe original words .I n one of the tumul i opened clofe by Stromne fs, wa s found th e ent i re body
o f a ma n inclofe d in a (tone coffin .
In Birfa , at the Baft e nd of the hi l l cal l ed Re vé, near ('
ome large tumul i , arethree up righ t (tones at unequal d ifta ne e s, i n a (trait l i ne. Tumul i are fca tte re d a l l
over the moors , which p lain l y ( he tv th is (id e of the country to hav e been wel l
inhabited from the e a rl ie (t t ime. I n one of them,cal l ed Stone Ra ndy, are (tones
fe t upri ght on the top , which i s Uncommon , and (hews th at Ra ndy, or perhap s
Ra nda l], wa s a pe rfon of no mean note among hi s countrymen . This tumul ushad been dug u p long ago.
Sanda on every fandy poin t difcov e rs antient graves, a l l o f them (tone cofafins under tumul i . I n the fandy grounds o f Stron z a where they are blown ,
p arti cul arl y about Rou fholm l inks,graves have been difcove re d . The fe are al l
t umuli, a nd contai n (tone cofli ns, wherein are de pofite d the bodies ent ire .In Dunrofne fs p ari(h in the main land o f Shetland the blowing of th e (and
d ifcove rs tumuli , which are very rare in Shet land . Mr. Lowe opened one i nwhich he found no l e fs th an nine (cul ls, or thei r remains, but the corpfe s hadnot been laid i n an y order, but thrown together as chance dire cfte d, which fe emsto confirm the t radi t ion o f Foula, that they are the Lawry
’
me n'
x graves.The (h ifting o f the (ands i n W e ftra m ha s laid open antient bury ing p laces,
which in (ome p laces were above twenty feet under grou nd, and are either o f
(tones and rubbifh , or th e grave (imp l y (e t round with a t ire o f fmai l (tones onend . The l ait are general ly i n clutters
,and even with the (and . In examin ing
the l atter we find, be fi de s the bones o f me n, thofe o f cows, horfe s, dogs, and(heep, be fide s warl ike infirume nts o f al l k inds then in u fe , as bat t le- axes, twohanded (words, broa dfwords, helmets, (words made o f the j awbone o f a whale,daggers , Se c. kni ves, combs, beads, broches, and chain s, a round flat p i eceo f marb le about two inches and half di ameter, (e ve ra l (tones (h a p e d like whet(tones, but no marks o f fuch u fe , a very (mal l i ron ve (fe l l ike a head
p i ece, on ly fonr inches and a h a l f in the hol low, muchWounded, a s if by a (wordo r ax . In one was a metal fpoon, and a neat gl a fs cu p, (0 rutted that i t nowappearso f a pear l colour, and ma y contain about t wo gi l l s Scots, or half a p in tEngl ilh . I n another a great number o f (tones formed into (Li ch whi rls as i nScot land were formerl y u fe d to turn a fpindle . In another a gold ring e nc i rcl inga th igh bone . Q . How pu t on. Whence arife fu ch diff erences i n the tumul i ofthe fame nat ion , and in the fame ifla nd ? TheW e lth Highla nde rs, at a ce rta in aera ,u fe d the tumul us . but it fe ems to h ave been after th e Norwegians fettled amongthem ; fo r in Ofli a n
’
s poems we find four (tones rifing on the grave o f C a thba r .
We find them buried with thei r arms , dogs, and deers’ horns, as (ymb
‘
ol s of ahunter. The tumul i ma y be memorials of the many batt les between the Orkn e yme n a n d the Highlanders, and ma y be graves o f i nv a ders i n very early a e ra s
from the We itern ifle s . A (tra tum o f cl ay covers the bones, as the tra nfla tor of
Ofli a n obfe rve s , th at th e bottom of th e grave wa s l ined with fine c lay , whereonthey laid the de ce a fe d, if a warrior, with his (word and the heads of arrows byh is (ide ; if a hunter, a deer
’s horn ; covering th e whole wi th fine mould, an dfou r (tones on end
,to mark the extent o f the grave .” As to the number o f
Mr. Lowe ubi (up.
(1 (tone :
(tones they do not (e em to be fix ed, as we fe e the graves'
marked (ome time s
with one, fome time s with two, and o ftime s, no doubt, W i th more tha n four
grey (tones. I (hou ld be very f a r from p lacing the ze ra o f the fe graves-(o fa r
back as O fli a n‘
s t ime, though we learn that h is father made (ome Vifits to Imi
tore;but if we confide r the pe rtina ciou fne fs o f the We fte rn High landers to old
cu it oms, we need not wonder to fe e them adhering tothe fe .
“The dead were interred at (ome di(ta nce from the hou fe s cal led Piétifh i n
C a ithne fs (h ire . The cemite rie s were o f two kinds . I n (ome the de ce a fe d were
placed with in great circ les o f (tones o f 1 00 feet di ameter, a nd the corpfe s
covered with gravel.I n others they were in terred in c a i rn s o f a fugar loaf
form.Sometimes bones have been found in them,
fome time s urns with a fhe s .
Sometimes the corroded remains o f iron weapons, and in one a bra fs (pear n ine
inches longDr
.Stukeley, perhap s too h a (tily, concluded that a p iece o f ground ju(t
without the old cit y wal l at C ire nce lt e r, which goes by the n ame of the
Que rm or Ka irm, ful l of heap s o f (tones now by length of t ime covered w ithherbage
,among which large monumental (tones have certai nly bee n dug u p ,
wa s the comma n bury ing p lace o f the antient Cori/1mm. Mr. Rudder rather incl inesto think them heap s of rubbifh made by digging of (tone for the pu rpofe o f
bui ldingPil lars cfppt) were fome time s contempo rary with barrows . J acob fe t a
pil lar on Ra che l’s grave; and we have (em (ome infta nce s among the Greeks in
Pa ufa ni a s . The fe were either rude (tones, or infcribe d with fret work, figures
o f me n and be a tt s, or erod es. This laft circumfia nce be fp e a k s them Chri(tia n,
which their being in churchyards alone would imp l y. But they are not confined to churchyards . They (ewe d on fields o f battle, both as troph ies and
tombfione s ; as at Ferre t, and e l fewhe re in Scot land .
On a monument cal l ed Mikne int, i n Me rione th ih ire , Mr. Llwyd d e fcribe s
3 0 graves, about two yards long, and each d iftingu ifht by four fqu a re p il l ars,about two or three feet h igh , and n ine inches broad at the com ers, fuppofe d
to be erected after a ba ttl e 3. One Mr. Vaughan opened one of them, but found
no marks o f human interme ntAt Chedworth, c . Glouce fte r, on a h il l a l i tt l e above the ( i te o f a Roman
hypoca u ft, about a mi le on the North W eft of the Fofi'
wa y, i s a l arge tumul u s, which ha d a huge rough (t one fe t upright on its top , (uppofe d to havebeen ra ife d by the Briton s or Saxons . Not long fince (ome of the farmersremoved the (tone with a double team o f oxen, and (
'
o e x pofe d great quantit i es of human bones lying near the top of the barrowOn the top o f Silbu ry
- hil l Dr. St okely fou nd a (k e l e ton, with the-fragment'
so f a bridle.The pyramid o f earth at NewGrange con tained two human (k e l e tons, as
Molyneux, or, a s major Val lancy, one , l aid on a large (tone in the m idd le, andblack a lh e s i n th ree cel ls .At Chatteri s, in the ifle o f El y, 1 7 5 7, was f ound, two fee t and ha l f under
the tu rf, a (k e l e ton, with a (word at the righ t (ide , (pear at left, and umbo o f
(h iel d on brea(t ; at the head a large urn o f black earth unbaked, containing
p robabl y th e wi fe’s a fhe s , and a gl a fs v a fe of fingu l a r p ipe- l ike p roject io ns
On Barham downs was found, ( 7 5 9, a (k e l e ton with a fword and (pear,and round the neck a (tring o f gl a fs beads
7. Dr. Stukeley p ronounces al l the fe
B ritith .
Pinna n
’
t's a d tour, Apx . p . 19. Rudde r's Hi ll . o f Glouce il ctth ire , p. 349.
G ibfoo 3 Ca md e n, 791 . Wyndha m'sTour in W a le s. p 13 !Rudder , p . 334. Ge nt. Ma g. Ma rch, 3 766. lb
l itt le chains or l inks, phalerae, bu l l x , fibu l ze , helmets, and fp e a rhe a ds‘. The
a u thor'
of this account u nde rlt a nds Virgi l’s de fcrip tion o f Mife nu s ’
s tomb thatthe arms, oar, and t rumpet were pu t in to, and not upon it : and mentions a
(Word and other fi ngu la r weapons found in an ant ien t fe pu lcre at Fie fole .
There were found ik e l e ton s in the Pa vi l l ia vault at Cuma ’.
At Northbu rn e , Kent, wa s the p alace of Edba ld, Ethelbert’s fon, and a few
years fyns i n bra kng the wal l o f the h a l l were found two chi ldren
’s bones thathad been mured u p as yn bu ria l l yn tyme o f Pa ga n ite o f the Saxons . Amongone o f the chi ldren’s bones was found a (tiff pin of l atenAgl a ffe
with bones i n a fe pu lchre found by Dodington chu rche i n thehigh way
.Pottes exceeding fine n e l id and floryfhe d in the Romanes tyme
diggidout o f grou nde s in the fields o f Dodington . A ye rthe n pot with R0
mayne co in e s found in Dodington feldeThe cu fiom of burning the dead obtained among the Northern n at ions from
th e remote lt period6. The Danes diftingu ifbe d by th i s a p art icular p eriod,
called Roi/old or B r e nda which fe ems to have ce a fe d with Pa ga nifm. Of
cou rfe the Danes, being l a te ft Convert ed, retained i t longe lt . AmongLu s, when
the Britons laid it a fide the Saxons took it u p . The H e lga /d or H a il/e tiid was
the Da nifh aera o f barrows, under wh ich the corpfe wa s p l ace d entire, with al l
its ornaments , arms, horfe , and even wealth and p lunder7. The laft p eriod of
i nterment in Denmark was cal led C/t'
jl e fldom’
s old, when Chriftia nity introducedthe p i
‘
e fe nt mode.
Yet on rebuild ing, 1 7 4 7 , F a irwe l l church, in Sta fi'
ordfhire , fuppofe d to bethe
'
ch apel o f the nunnery founded there by Roger Cl inton, bi fhop of Litchfield, 1 1 4 2 , they found in the South wall, about fix feet from the ground
,
three ranges of coa rfe earthen v e ffe ls o f diff erent fiz e s, and unglaz ed, th el a rge ft capable o f containing two, the fma l l e r one quart : the l a rger were fourinches and a hal f over at the mouth, twenty-fou r round, and near a foot h ighthe fma l l ones three inches one- eighth at th e mouth
, fix te e n and a quarter round,
and fi x and a quarter h igh . They l a y on the fide s, i n one dire 6tion, thei rmouths p l a ce d towa rds the inner fide o f the church, and {topped with a th in coato f p l a ifte r
3.
At Yoxall , c . Sta ffordf hire , were found, near Mr. W right’s hou fe , near fort y
u rns o f co a rfe brown {oft earth, a lmoft full o f a ihe s, and fragments o f humanbones 9.
The Kifiv a e n, or coffi n compofe d of rough {tones fe t edgeways at the tide sand ends, and covered with one or more flat (tones
,was another recep tacle of
the dead a n tie n t l y u fe d in Britain, and ma y be cal led the earl y al tar monument . The fe are frequent in W ales ; but fe ldom found to contai n fk e l e tons ,or rema ins o f bodies in them. See Dr . Stuke l e y
’
s Abury, p . 1 3 , o f one on a
barrow at Rowldrich ; another, p 14 9, fimil a r in Monkton-fie l d, near Abu ty .
Two that were found in Purbeck, on making a turnp ike road to Corfe, hadfk e l e ton s in The fe one ma y venture to pronounce B ritifh . Thofe
Sa ggi d i Dill'
e rta tioni di Co rtona,tom. 1. diff . V. p . 56, t a v. I . u .
Ae n . VI . 2 33 .
3 Phil. Tra nf. XLlX. a rt. 66. Ge nt. Ma g. i 7 56 . 5 5g.Le la nd. l t. V l l . i z 7. Le la nd. l t . VI . 75.Ta c. de mo r. G e rm. c . 27. Me la III . 2.
Me la , l b. Wo rmins Mon . Da n. 40. Ba rtholin.Antiq . Da n.
Mr. Gre e n, Ge nt. Ma g. Fe b. i 77 | . p . 59, B . L “t he n inFL S. M
'
G e n t. Ma g. Aug. 1 774 , p , 3 53 ,P 7 ln l 747~
Mr. Hutchins ‘
s Le tte r to bl ll lOp Lytte lton, 1 768.
7
l
it'
drl e cel l s wh ich gave name to Ke njgy Druidbion, i n Dcnbigl i fhire , but a re nowremoved, were of the fame k ind . Some of the fe rude fe p u lchra l recep taclesMr . Pegge has feen i n De rbyfhire , and others ma y be found de fc
'
ribe d i nC amden
Of th i s earl i er kind a nd date were the rude (tone che(ts under barro‘ws in Orkney, wh ich cont a i ned ent i re bodies In one of the fe Mr . Lowe found with the
'
bod y a bag of fome cd a rfe vegetable (l uff l ai d at the feet and contain ing thebones of a younger
'
p e rfon , which fe eme d to h ave been a w'
o'
man This bag
might be the bulga , which Luci l iu s de fcribe s a s the 071 o f the pe rfon he fa tiriz e s 4;
Cum bulga coe n a t, dormi t, l avi t ; omn is i n un aSpes homin is bii lga .
”
and hence Macaulay s derives the name of Fi rbolg, the old l ri lh h a vlng (carcean y thing more de fira bl e th an their bag.
On th e field o f L-onca rty, where the Hays beat the Danes , are fe ve ra l t umul i,Wherein are found bones de pofite d i n loo fe (tones in form o f a coffin 6
.
On a farm cal led Hondre , i n Mil ine p ari (h , Pembrok e fli ire , (ome l abourers
hedgi ng came to a number of (tones o f d iff eren t fiz e s, (ome th rown together
promifcuoufly, bu t the upp’
e’
rmoft l y ing over on e another, l ike t i les on a roof.At about ni ne feet depth they came to a very l arge (tone, about (even feet long,four or five broad, and twent y inches th ick; At it s Ea(t and Weft end we re
p l aced two (tones on edge, and others under the (ides a nd i n the m iddle wa s acav i ty of about two, or two feet a nd a half h igh, and of the l ength o f the
(tone, cont aining onl y a li tt le black earth . Over the whole the (oi l had beenfomewh a t ra ife d in a ci rcul ar form as a barrow ; but the field h aving been
in con(ta n t til la ge h ad much re duo'
e d its height. In the fame or n eighbouring
p ari(h , on a h igh mountain, call ed, from i t s fugar- loaf form, Voe l dri ga m,one th ree cai rns o f loofe (tones, very n ear each other, and on the fame mountain ve fiige s of a camp double ditched, and the fite s of the tents hol lowed outVer y v ifibl eOn Eglwy s l l an common, two mi les from C a e rphyl i, fe ve ra l tumul i were
opened 1 7 5 3 , when burn t bones were foun d in urns, inclofe d i n a fqu a re cav it yo f fla t (tones167g y B e rn i n Trel ech p ari(h , c. C a e rn a rvon , is a Karma d o f (tones, covered
with tu rf, circular at bot tom about fix ty p aces, height about (i x y ards, rifingwith an e a fy a fce nt, and a holl ow at top . I n the cen tre o f th is cav ity was a v a ftflat oval (tone, three y ards long, five feet over where broa de (t, and about ten ortwelve inches th ick . Mr. W i l l i amLewis o f Lhwyn Dern having ca u fe d i t tobe ope ne d, found, after remov ing a l arge quant it y o f (tones, that i t covered ak iftva e n, or (tone che(t , about four feet and a h a lf l ong, and three broad, n arrowe lt at the B ait end, compofe d o f (even (tones, v i z . th e cover, two at eachfide and end, and one behind each of the end (tones to keep them u p, a l l
equal l y rude, and about the fame th ickne fs, excep t the two l a(t, which werev ery confide ra bly th icker. They found both w ith i n and without the che(t fomerude p ieces of brick or burn t (tone, and wrought p i eces o f (tone ; and (omep i eces o f bones, which they imagined had been brought th ither by foxes, butthey did not go to the bot tom of the che(t . Confide ring the labor and (tre ngthemp loyed about th i s rude monument Mr. Llu yd th inks it belonged to (ome
C amde n, col. 707. 780. 75 1. 75 7. 773.The Ta rta ria n ba rmws ha ve a bfolute (lone va ults unde r them. Arthz ol . I I . a n .
AfCha ‘Ol . I l l . 277. Sa t . VI. Voya ge to St. Kilda , p. gz .Mr. Pe nna nt, l it Tour, 79.
7 Re v. Mr. Howcl ’n le tte r to me , Se p t. 6, 1777. Mr. H a rris , Arch. p. to .
B ritifh
l
firitizl i prince before the Roman conqu e ft, deriving the n ame Dyrn from
-firm,
origin
al l y the fame with fira n/zur Dr. Stukeley ment ions (e ve ra l barrows as
Contai nin
g mmu‘ s formed o f fe v e r a l (t ones, and (ome arched, and Aubrey me n
t ions one o f three (tones eleven feet long . The monument cal led l e Pi e rre cou
fv e r/e . ne a r S-a umie r, in Bretagne,engraved by Count Caylus, VI . Pl . cx vii .
(cc-ms rather l ike the above than a C rom lech . l n Pl . cx x he gives tombs of
(i ngle or fe VCra l (t ones, cairns , and crom l e hs intermi xt at Locbma rfa l'e r, the
ant ient Da r/origum.
In B a mf lhire Mr . Pennant d e fcribe s a l arge cai rn o f (tones, which covereda co fi in o f flags , cont a i n ing a perfec
‘t human (k e le ton , and a deer'
s horn ; i n
two other foch COfl l l l S an urn and charcoal in a fourth coffi n were three urn s,1nd one o f them contained a fourth , be fide s fl int arrowheads ; and al l the fe
ne a r two ci rcles o f (tones 3 .Near a
'
farm hou fe at Weft Matfen , in Northumberland, was a tumulus o f
earth and c oa rfe ra g (tone, i n the centre o f which were found two (tone coffins,formed o f fl ags, (e t on edge with a (l on e bottom a nd cover Containing a fh e s l ike
white du (t Near i t,a (tone n ine feet high , three by one and half fqu a re .
At Otterburne was a large cai rn o f (tones under which wa s a large rough(tone l ike a grave (tone, with fma l le r (tones wedged in between it and theground
,and under i t i n the ground a cavit y in form of a grave, two yards long
and four feet broad . About one feet and h alf deep wa s (ome very fine mould,then (ome a fli e s laid i n fine white (and , above two feet th ick, the whole cavit y
o f the grave being near four feet . W ith the a fh e s were mixed what they.
took
for (mall pi eces o f burnt bones, very black, but none ent ire, and (ome _ p ieces
o f burnt wood l ike charcoal 5 .
How can Mr. Hu tchinfon t ake the numerous tumul i round th is p l ace for memo ria ls of the batt le fought there 1 3 8 8 .
In a tumulus at Over, in the p ari(h of Almond(bury, c. Glouce fie r, were dugu p, 1 6 5 0, two (k e l e tons . One o f them wa s o f uncommon (i z e , exceeding theu fu a l proportion by above three feet, inclofe d i n a (tone coffin , (o art ifici all ycemented together that the joints were not difce rna bl e . The (t one that coveredthe coffi n wa s very po nderous , o f a gre yi lh colour without, but re ddifh and(tndde d with a ( hiu ing (p arry (ubfta nce within . in the coffin were found twocoins, one o f which bore the impre fli on o f a falcon 6
, as the writer among Mr.W a ntn e r
'
s MS. papers e x pre ffe s himfe l f. And on the other wa s a head,which
he fnppo fe d that o f Claudius C a e fa r, but no infe ription i s men tioned . Theco rpfc wa s hu rie dfitting, o f which we have given an inft a nce before, p . x i. andwh ich Dre x cliu s fays wa s the cu ftoma ry manner o f bury ing k ings and p rinces,i s a n emblem o f e tcrn itv . This po ltu re i s not e a fily accounted for in th edepth commonl y gi ven to (tone co ffins . Trad it ion makes th i s tumul us theburying p l ace o f k ing Otf a, to whom i t a fcribe s the adjoining camp on the
brow o f a hil l over-hanging the Severn : but i t i s more genera l l y bel ieved,on the authorit y o f Matthew o f W e ltminfte r, and other mcnk ifl t writers, thathe wa s buried near Bed ford 7
.
About the fame t ime (e ve ra l (tone coffins contain ing human bones were dugo u t o f th e barrows near a ci rcular camp cal led Old Abbey, in Al ve fton
pari (h , i n the fame count y , overhanging the Severn 3.
At Lc y re rton , in Boc l l pari (h , i n the fame county, i n a large tumulus, cal ledW'
e fi barrow,were found three vaults, arched over l ike ovens
,and at the
entrance ot'
ca ch an earthen urn , wherein were many a fh e s and burnt bones, the(hul ls and thigh bones whole 9 .
4
-
Hutchinfon , l . 1:6.
Abuw, ‘S. Tour, ”69 ‘ P' 1 39, '40'
Hm Le t t e r to Roge r C a le . | 7 29 in H u tchin l'
on'i Northumbe rla nd , p 196.
Proba bly a n e a gle . 7 Rudde r’s Gle e . p . a : l b. 1 16. l b. 3 3 3 . 306.
About
About the'
year 1 772 fome'
pe rfons emp loyed to digmate rials for te p a iring theroads in Tith e ringto n pari (h , in the fame count y, found a large (tone l ike a l te pnot fa r below the furfa ce o f the ground, and then another fuch (tone; andfe a rching further difco ve re d two per fect (k e le ton s , inclo fe d i n (tone coffi ns ,lying North and South : whence fome pe rfons have concluded, that the fe co1p fe s
were p l aced here before the ge ne ra l e ita blifhme n t o i Chri(t i a n ity i n th i s count ry . One o f the (k e l e ton s wa s (i x fe e t and a half long, as a gent leman who
me a fure d i t a ffu re d Mr. Rudder, but they both fel l to p ieces on be i ng (l ightl ytouched
,and no com, armour, or any th ing that cou ld determ in e the t ime o f
i n terment, or the p eopl e to whom the bodies belonged were found :
An imi tat ion of the fe rude coffins in Chri(ti a n t imes m a y be found in th eGia nt
’
s grow,as cal led in Pe nr itb ch urch- yard, fou r (imil a l
‘ (tones, m ifta k e nfor boa rt , for. no other re a fon than that thei r ridges are round
,and no tcht
l ike briftl e s ,’
a n d be ca u fe t radit ion fays Si r Owe n Cdfa riu: flew a mo‘
nftrou s
boar . Others,with a s l ittl e p retence, have found on them fe u lpture s of horfe
m e n, l ike the Scotch monuments . I ca l l them Cli f f/ fla n, be ca u fe the cro fs hasbeen on the p il lars , and be ca u fe th ey are in a churchy ard, which 1 fu ppo fe tobe coae val with them . This i s concei ved by (ome to have been the tomb of
Erv a in king o f Cumberl and, defeated by Athe l fta n A . D . Mr. Pennant 3
dif’tingu ifh e s the ze ra‘
o f the tumul i round Maen Achwynfa n i n Fl intfh ire , fromthat o f the (t one, referring the one to p agan, the other to Chri(tia n t imes . Maywe not fuppo fe the cro fs had an a fter- reference to the t umul i, and it s n ame
from the field o f batt l eThe three (tone coffins found at Chri(t chu rch , i n Hampfh ire , 1 7 7 7 , which
are fomewha t more art ificial , appear to be a degree o f imp rovemen t on the
former ; and there i s a circumft a nce or two attending them, which make themh ighl y worth y o f notice . They are compofe d not o f one block, formed by excava tion, as the (tone coffins often , and very a ntie n tly, were, but of vari ous,not f ewer t han ten or eleven p i eces and there does not app ear to h ave been any(tone underneath for the body interred to l ie upon .
As to the firft p art icular, i t ma y be doubted whether th e part ies concerned could find an y (tones for thei r fe rvice i n the n eighbo urhood of Chrift ~
ch urch , fo they h ad re cou rfe to Normandy for them (for the (tones are app arentl y French from about Caen) , where th ey either could not obtai n a (ingle (tone ofa,competen t fil e , or were not then poffe ffe d o f the idea of making u fe of (uch
an one, a nd (0 tra nfporte d a number o f (mai ler ones . And thi s m a y be anargument o f the ant iquit y o f the fe coffin s , (ince, in l ater ages, the (tone coffi nsh ave always been found compofe d of one p iece, with a l id or cover. I know
not whether th is m ight not have been i n imi tat ion of the Roman s, for thoughthi s p eop le at l aft app l ied the (i ngle (tone, as we ( hal l fe e hereafter, yetMr. Tho re fby tel l s u s,
“There was digged u p in the Roman bury ing groundat York a fort o f coffin made o f cl ay ; I h ave by me , fays he
, p ar t o f thebottom
,which (for the conve n ie nce e f bak ing I p re fume ) wa s di vided in to
fe v e ra l foch’
parts ; th i s i s"
ent i re as firft mou lded by the Romans, i s r4 } incheslong, and a lmoft r I broad at the n arrower end
,and n igh I at the broader
,
Se c He adds, that there were in hi s Mufe um fragments al fo of ('
uch acoffin found at B u rgdu rum.
” Al l which fe e ms to (h ew, that at firft the
(tone coffins , both among the Briton s and Roman s, confilte d o f a n umber o f
p arts , and that the cutting them out o f a (i ngle block wa s a later improvementtho fe at Chri(te httrch are con fe qu e ntly o f the more ant ique k ind .
Rudde r ubi (up. 766. Hutchinl’
on’s Northumbcrl a nd, I. a ot. VVa icl IO.
Thorcfh v Mul'
. p . 56 1 .
l
The next and laft imp rovement of the (tone coffin , was by forming the ir;‘
of a
( ingle (l one with mal let and tool and th is Mr. Pe gge a fcribe s to the Romans ; for
he apprehends that during the general p revalency of the cu ftoms .o f cremat ion
a nd urn - burial among the Romans , they had not always re cou rfe to the funera l
pi le
,but that bodies were fome time s in terred whole, and in their n atural
(tare .He ha s the fu ff ra ge s o f Kirchman Ainfworth and Drake 3 ; and th i s
i s agreeable alfo to appearances here. Mr . Thomas Beckwith of York informed
him,that hearing o f two (tone coffins , difcove re d anno 1 776, in the n ew in
clo fu re s at Acomb near York , he had the cu riofity to go and view them, and
( aw them lying in the very p lace where they were found . He th inks they areRoman anti the obfe rva tion s on which he grounds hi s op i nion are fo juft a nd
forcible that l (hal l give the fubfta nce o f them he re .
The coffins were o f the co a rfe gri t, the fame as that at Plump ton , near
Kn a re fhorough, which the Romans appear to h ave been fond of, as many oftheir works in York are of that (tone . The coffins were 2; in ches thick on the
( ides, and the lids (which h a d a fil let, ra ife d about of an inch, running downthe middle) fome thing th icker.
They lay, one for a youth of 1 2 or I 4 years o f age, with the feet pointing nearl y South ; and the other, for a grown p e rfon , to the South-W eft ; direct ions and pofitions fo u n u fu a l in Chri lti a n burial , th at one mu ft conclude thecoffins belonged to Pagans, and were more ancient than the conve rfion o f theRomans and Britons in the fe p arts.
There is no accoun t of any church, or rel igious houfe , either at, or near,th is p l ace ; no foundat ion s o f any bui ldings found in p lowing. I t i s about am i le N .W . from Acomb, where it is (aid the body of the emp eror Seve rus wa sburnt : and when the l ids were on the coffins they could not be more th an onequarter o f a yard beneath the furfa ce o f the earth .
" The ma n who foun d th ecoffins told Mr. Beckwith, that on their being firft op ened there appearedfome thing l ike an human body ; but as foon as i t wa s touched it loft i ts form,
fal ling down and mixing with the water at the bottom o f the cofin s .
The fe re a fons taken together m a y fe em fufficie nt t o i nforce a bel i ef, thatthe fe bodies were interred during the Pagan government here . Quae cum i tafi nt,
” fays Mr. Ainfworth, “ non compe rtum videtur omnes i ll as a re a s , quaemultis locis e ffofi
'
a e apud nos fu e ru nt, efi'
e Anglo-Sa x onum, u t vu lgo p e rhibe n ~
tur. Sunt enim, quas e tfi popul i iftiu s efi'
e non a bn ega v e rim,Roman is ta me n
a bjudica re non a ufim .
” He concludes, Haec obiter dice nda judica vimus, n e
quis crema tionem u nicam e t p erpetuam fe pul tura e fu iffe'
oonfue tudin em ap udRomanos pu ta re t t
”
Of the (tone coffins of the Etru fca n s ('
e e Adami (Stori a de Volfe n a , I .who, fpeaking o f the u fe o f Greek ch a ra Cte rs by that peop le, has this p a fi
'
a ge
Molte ife riz ioni in qu e fto carattere p e r l a Tofca na tutt a fi ri trovano ; ma p a rt ico l a riffima , cred
’io , ch e ( i a quel l a che a ppre fl
'
o d i me vede in marmofcol pita , e guari non é che d iff e pol ta fu i n Volfe no rn ia p atri a, l a quale frappo ft a era tra due fe polcri i n p iana terra cop ert i co l ic tegol e de cret a cotta,ov e eran fe pp e l l iti due corp i, come fpe ffe fia te fi l egge in a lcune lap idi fepo lcra l i con que fta p arolo B ISOMATOS, che v ien e dal Greco, an z i e puroGre co, e vuol di r di due ca rpi, fe p ero dice A] e non Bl .”
Nurna d ire fite d his body, co ntrary to the general cu ftom o f h is t ime, to beliu rie d in a (tone coffin , and his books in another. Both were difcove re d aft era v iolent rain 4 00 years after but th e firft contained no remains of the corp fe 5He wa s l aid near the altar, which he h a d e re éte d to the nymph Egeri a ; for (o Iu nde rlta nd a dfimtit a m; o f Cicero de Le gib. l l . 2 2 .
P . l Monum. K emp . p . | 7o . Ebora c. p. 63 .h emp . p . 17 1 . Piut. in Numa .
[ x x i ]
In regard to the circumft a nce of the corp s i n th e Chri(t-church coffins lyingon the gro und w ithout any (tones under them, bod ies were de poftte d much inthe fame manner i n the k ift va e ns and from th is circumlta nce th e fe coffins a p
.p ear to be the produ ftion of a rude and very u npo l ifh e d age. They mu ft be
o f the 4 th century at l e a ft, and amoun t to a (trong addit ion al p roof that Twynh a m wa s a p l ace very a ntie ntl y fettl ed, of which Mr. Pe gge conceived the difcov ering o f the bi rds bones i n a grave under a l arge marble fl ab was no lucon
fide ra ble argument.
l n fumme r, 1 7 8 2 , in mak ing Mr. Brander’s hothoufe , at Chrift chunch, they
dug up two (tone coffins, compofe d of (e v e ra l (tones, with a n iche for theh ead
,i n which wa s found a (cul l, with fine l ight long hai r ', comp letel y a t
t i red,and h igh ly dre f
'
fe d . The boys coming at the infta nt out o f the free
fchoo l pul led i t p re fe ntly to p ieces, and the fen l i bone was rep l aced in the coffin ,and both buri ed again in the fame p l ace.
In cleari ng the foundat ion o f old St . Paul’s Si r Chriftophe r W ren found th atthe North fide h ad been a ntie n tly a great bury ing p l a c e for under the graves
o f the fe l atter ages he found i n a rowthe graves o f the Saxons , who ca fe d thei rdead in chalk (tones, though p e rfons of great eminence were buried in (tonecoffins below the fe were the graves o f the ant ient Britons, as was ma n ife ft fromthe great n umber o f i vory and wooden p i n s among the mouldered duft ; forit wa s thei r method onl y to p in the corpfe i n woollen (h rou d s , and l ay themi n the ground
,and th i s covering being con fume d the p i ns remained ent ire.
At a (ti l l greater dep th he found Roman potfh e rds and coin sThat the Romans made thei r coffins of fe ve ra l (tones appears from the fol
lowing circumfta nce . In 1 7 3 r, (ome l abourers digging for (tone in a quarry ata fi el d abou t h al f a mi le e a ft from the cathedral difcove re d ly ing north by weft:and fouth by e a ft an ant i ent (e pu lchre covered by two rough (tones about one
foo t and an half or two feet below the (u rfa ce , about fou r feet by five each, l aidon e at the end of the other. Four more fe t edgeways at t he fide s weren ine feet two i n ches long by three feet one ; the end (tones of the fame width ;al l fe t together wi thout mortar. in the north -end a very th ick (cul l (the teet hgone) and (ome p i eces of th igh bones, a nd many iron fpike s full (i x inches long,thick as the l ittl e finger, but confume d by ruft, broken at the ends . Probabl y thecorps wa s ca fe d i n a th ick cheft, of which were no remain s excep t what (tuck tothe nai l h eads . About the midd le towards the weft was a fine red clay u rnbroken among the n ails and mou ldy earth with a l itt le fcro l l round i t i t was fivei nches deep, and might h ave held a quart . Near a yard fouth from the feet ofthe tomb and at the fame depth a heap o f black ftrong fme l ling a fh e s . Next daythey found a ( imil a r (tone coffin , the cover o f one (tone, and the infide of thee a ft fi de (tone hewn (mooth not (0 long as the other, and in i t on ly a p i ece o f (cul land bones . Many bones have been dug u p in difie re nt parts o f the hi l l as ifth rown in from a fi eld of battl e and in th is quarry was found the bra fs armi l l amen t ioned by Dr. Stukeley 3 in the po f
'
fe fl i on of Mr. Pownal l ‘.I n 1 766 a coffi n hewn out of a rock was difcove re d i n digging near th e
Roman fta tion at Ru tche fte r, about 1 9. feet by four feet two inches deep ; 2.
hol e clofe to th e bottom at on e end : many decayed bones, teeth, and vertebraein i t, fuppofe d by their (h ape and fi z e to be the remains o f (ome an imal, facrifice d p erhaps to Hercules
5. l (hou ld doubt the bones belonging to be a fts.
Some of this ha ir, inmy po ll cflion , be fpe a ks it to be long to a young la dy.Pa re nt a lia . p . 86.
Mr. Powna ll's le tte r to Mr. Cole . G a le 's le tte rs, p. 165.Wa llis, Northumbe rla nd, 11. 169.
The Romans fe em to have u fe d (tone coffi ns for i ntermen t, as wel l as for
cenotaphs .Near Glanton p ike h ave bee n ( l ifcov e re d fe ve ra l (tone ch e fts, th ree feet long
a nd two broad , with urns o f ordinary pottery , contain ing albes, charcoal , andremains o f fco rche d human bones
,and not fa r d ilta n t wa s l atel y found a
celtIn a p lace cal led the De e rftre e t, by Glanton W e ftfie ld, a ma fon digg ing for
(tone 1 7 1 6 found a (ton e che(t upw'ards o f three feet long “and two broad ,
with a (tone cover, and empty ; but as h is (on , now l i v ing, was wo rkingd ownan uneven p iece of ground , he d ifco ve re d three more (uch che(ts, with covers ,containing fine earth
,and two urns in each , with fome ch a rcoal and burnt
bones,carrying the marks of fi re . Near them were two more urns, one large,
the other very fma l l . On being e x pofe d to the ai r they al l fel l to p ieces . They
were o f very ordinary patternsLeland de l
‘
cribe s fe pu lchre s e x fn‘io la p ide , found at C ire nce fte r ; in one a round
leaden Ve l le l, with a fhe s and bones 3 .Deux tombeaux, cc font des auges de p i
‘
erres, dont u n de 6 p ieds de longueur,e t 2 do l argeur a la tét e z il a 1 8 pouces de hauteur a la rC'te e t 1 5 aux p ieds,cc qu i forme u n p y ramidal tronqné, don t deux faces font p l us l arges que les deuxaut res . L’autre de 5 } p ieds e lt p lus foible dans fe s dime nfions . l ls fon t cre u fe s de
facon que le corps do tombeau n’a que deux pouces d
'
ép a iffe u r ; l e fond e ft p ercéfous la téte d'un t rou de deux ponces pour écouler la l iqueur p utride p rovenan t( l e l a diff olu tion d o cadavre . Ces tombeaux éto ie nt recouverts, l’un d’une
p ierre cre u fée de deux a t rois pouces en de fl'
ou s, l’autre d’une p ierre p late ayan t
pour toute infe ription M . Q . ma nibu l‘ diff . Le s lettres font grofftéreme n t gravées,meme le D e ft formé a contre fe ns . L’on doit obfe rve r que l a co upe du cdté de l a
téte de ces tombeaux e ft coupée fu r on a re , don t l e rayon e ft formé p a r l a longe urtotale do creux, e t la coté des p i eds e ft tai l lé fu r une l igne p erpendiculai re ; ce
qui fe ro it croire que l’on pre noit l a me fure ju ft e du mort p our qu’ i l n ‘
y ait
p oint d’
e fp a ce v uide entre les furfa ce s intérieures du tombeau e t l e s e x tremités
do cadavre . Dans l e p lus grand tombeau éto ie n t renfermés deux cadavres, l’un
d'
un homme pofe a u fond, e t l‘autre d'un adulte de 1 3 a 1 4 a ns, dont la te te éto it
fu r l a poitrine de celui de de fl'
o u s . l l y a l ie n de p re’
fu rn e r que ces deux cadav re s éto ie n t ceux do pere e t de (on 615 . l l s‘eft t rouvé dan s cc tombeau p lu fi e ursmédail les de Con fta n tin l e Grand, se u h couteau a deux main s tre s oou rt e t
fort arqué . Comme c‘
éto it l a coutume de s Romains de graver fu r l e s tombeaux l afigure des in ltrume nts de l a p rofe ffi o n do défunt, ou d
’
inhume r avec Iu i l esout i ls de (on mét ier, cc cou teau défigne ici l a (épu lture d
’un charr on e n térré
fous Con fta ntin t.
”
Two Roman tombs were found by the quarries h alf a mi le out of Lincoln ,on the Hornca ft le road ; four great (tones fe t together l ike a coffin , and oneon the top . There were in them the bones o f a ma n, with urns, l acrymatories,and coin s 5 .A bra fs (pear head wa s found in a (tone coffin at Chute : a horfe buried
about th ree yards from i t . Mens bones found in B loodfie ld there. H a rodon-hil l,
a beacon-hi l l , ju ft by. Roman coins found thereabout i n great p lenty
Hutchinfon's Northumbe rla nd, p . 1 34.W i lli] , ubi (up . l l . i t“. 3 It. V. 65.De fcn
'
p tion de l a ha u te No rma ndie .Stuke le y him. I. p . Bl . 2d cdi l .Stuke le y, ms . pe n . me .
l
by rude bu ft s, a (mal l club, p in, and h atchet, al l of bron z e , e ach about thre e
'
inches long,and a (mal l earthen patera . Th e fe fe ve ra l t rinket s are fuppofe d
by Count Caylus ' to belong to (ome child here buried . Near the fame tombwere found a quant it y o f bones, and in the middle o f them a l itt le gla fs ve tTe l
l ike a lacrymatory .
A (tone coffin five feet long, and not very wide, found'
in the pari(h of Vig ~
meux, on the bank s of the Seine, 1 74 6, cont a ined to appearance on ly an urn o f
earth,three inches high and four wide ; all the reft being t urned to dirt
In Bark ing p a rithwas found, about a great (tone coffin, with th e
body o f a ma n entire : at the feet a heap o f gl a fs, p robably a l a cryma to ry3.
Another cont a ining a fhe s, and a lacrym atory, dug u p i n the porch o f St . Mart in’s in the F ields
, 1 7 25 four feet under ground the urn wa s in Sir H . Sloane’s
co l le étion
In the year 1 7 68 , the workmen employed to enl arge the fort ifications at
Stra fbu rg, found near theWh ite Tower gate twenty (tone coffi ns, in which were
a number o f v e ff e ls of earth and gl a fs o f various (i z es ; the gl a fs contain ing al iquor l ike water, together with urns and p aterae of hard earth, l ike (tone the
ums contained a fhe s . One o f the coffins h a d by i t a (tone broken, infcribe d,
L . LlC lNlVS L . F . CLAVD. MAXIMVS. AEQVO. F . CV 5.
contained two urns fi l led with alb es, two buft s o f (tone, two p a te nce o f redearth
, two g l a fs v e ff e ls fi l led with clean water, having a (mal l quantity of oi lfloatingon its fu rfa ce , and two earthen lamp s . The various ve fi
’
e ls are fuppo fe dby M1
'
. Schc1e pflin to h a ve contained the wine and mi lk poured on the bo nesafter burning, or as off erings to the di i manes, i n a l lu fion to which l afte u ftom the Romans annual ly, in February, the l aftmonth of the year, celebratedthe Fe ra l ia or Parentalia.I n a corn field near Ongar was found i n l and-ditch ing, Augu ft ; 1 7 67,
th ree feet under ground, a l arge white free (tone cheft , (i x feet four tinche s long,twenty-two inches wide, three inches a nd a half th ick, thi rteen inches threequarters deep , in which was one human (k e l e ton of the common p ropo rtion ,the head and feet lying Baft and Weft. The lid of the che(t ftrongly cementedto it had a kind of ridge in the middle, where it wa s (i x inches th ick, i n other
parts four. After numbers o f p eop le had fa tisfie d thei r cu riofi ty, Mr. Kingthe ten a nt e a u fe d i t to be re -buried a foot deeper. I t wa s again uncoveredSept . 2 6, at the de l i re o f Dr. Gower, Mr . Bra mfton, and myfe lf, when thebones were found broken , and in great con fu fion, and much earth fal len i namong them. The l id rotten and broken . At the time o f the fi rft difcove ring,in digging a ditch at the lower end of the field
,they had opened another bury ing
p lace, which they fol lowed into the next field, i n an obl ique d irection , andfound five inti re (k e l e tons l y ing at the feet o f each other
,and covered with
foch k ind o f ti les as Thore fby de fcribe s to h ave been found at Booth a m bar, andwhich he had in hi s mu fe um. They have a ledge at the ( ides to recei ve thet i les which formed the (ides of the coffin
,and th is ledge ce a fe s abou t an in ch
from the end, to admi t the next ti le to l ie on the other, to whi ch it wa s probabl y fa fte ne d by a p in ; for one found here had a hole as for that pu rpo fe ,l ike our pre fe nt p lain tiles, and a no the r h a d hal f an 8 , l ike thofe at York 7
. Thefield wa s covered with fragments o f urns and bones : (ome of the urns had ornaments, (tria te d or indented : one p cice had
“near the top the fe l ines
Re cue 'il d'Ant . l . p. 197. lb. p. 198.
Mr. Le 1hie u Ilie r , in A . 3 . Min. ld. 1h.
i. e L Llc'
mius L F . Cla udia tribu , Ma ximus Ae quo oppido em u cmW ] a n mdum ( un i t/it.tOwn of D a lma ti a , a nd Ltcimm a common na me a t Stra fbu rg.
fi f Acquum w“ a
Alfa tia l l lutl ra t a , p. 508.7 Thore tby, p. 561.
c
[ x x v ]
of a bl a ck colou r, burn t i n moPt of th em were o f a ditt y fiinty ( a nd. Therewa sone l arge brick eleven inches wid e, the length imp e rfe éi , thickn e fs one inch anda h a lf. The field where the (l one cheft l ay is cal led Gre a t Stock/mg ; the nextto i t
, o f five or fix acres, Little Stock/ing, q. d . the Sta tion or Pl a ce me a d ; thatabove them h a s the n ame of Sbe épling wood. There fe ems l i tt le doubt that th i s
wa s the cemetery of the Roman il arion whofe eart hworks are (0 vil ibl e round
Ongar .Such cofiins have been found without the wal ls of York , 1 76 1 , contain ing
(k e l e tons firm and entire, and l a i d in l imeTh is t i le fe pu lchre was another mode of burial u fe d by the Roman s,
and i n troduced into their provi nces, o f which Dr. Burton de fcribe s an
infia nce difcove re d at York, 1 768 , on a p iece o f ground between that
ci t y and Se ve ru s's h il l s, about a 5 0 yards from th e wal ls, North of
the pre fe nt road to Bu rroughbridge and Aldborough; near Se v'
e ru s’
s h il l .This tomb wa s i n form of an oblong ro om, with a ridged roo f
,covered
wit h hol low Roman til es, l ik e our ridge t i l es . Each fide confided o f th ree
l arge ti les, i f th ey ma y be fo cal led, of a beautiful re d, e ach 1 foot,1 i nches long, 1 4 % inches broad, inch th ick . The p roject ion o f theedges o f each t i le 9. inches fiths , not quite fl at, but be nt a l it t l e forward.the curve being from about the middle toward the top, by wh ich the upper end
of the fe ti les were nearer to each other at the top than at the bot tom. Fromthe top o f the fe the roof wa s covered i n form o f a ridge w ith hol low ti les .Each end of the fe pu lchre was e ncl ofe d with a t i l e o f th e fame dimcnfions as
thofe of th e (i des, and on each of the end t i les was towards the top th is lnfcription, LEG. IX. HIS . very fa i r, made wi th a (l amp . The edges of the fe( ide and end t i l es were turned fqu a re , near two inches broad, and p roj ect ingforward, to ma ke them clore the nearer. Over the fe were a -lfo ridge t i l es
,t o
keep out the Water. Sideways they were n arrower than on the ridge. This
tombwa s about thre e feet and a h a lf long'
with in , and cont a in ed fe ve ra l urns,wherein were fome a fhe s and earth, a l l (l anding on a ti led p avemen t. Part o fthe Os humeri a nd the lowerjaw-bon e, with a ll its teeth p erfect , were l ik ewifefound . At a li ttl e difta nce from th i s tomb, on the fame p iece of ground, was
found a coin of Ve fp a fia n ; rev . PAX. AVG. S . C . and another of Dom it i an ,re v . FIDEI PVBLICAE. S . C . Dr. Burton fuppofe d th i s tomb belonged to fome
p e rfon of co nfe qu e noe , pe rhap s of the Legia nona HMOa nica , which was i nBrit ai n before Hadrian’s, and pe rhap s from jul ius C ze fa r
’s t ime Several fuch
tombs were found 1 703 , 1 7 2 1 and 1 763 , at Stra fbu rgh, formed of four and fix
t il es, each 1 foot 9;inches, by 1 6; in ches, and one inch th ick, with a r idgeat their two extremes, and each infcribe d LEG. VI I I . AVG. inclofing an urnw ith bones, fome gl a fs and earthen lacrymatori es a nd l amp s : one of the gl a fsv e ffe l s ha d on the foot a figure o f Victory holding a p alm branch and crown
o f l aurel between V. P. with the legend, V I C T O R IA A U G U S T0 R V M .
Mr. Schmpfli n u nde rfta nds the fe Augu/Ii to be Marcus Aurel i us and Aurel iu sVerus, to whofe t ime h e fixes the fe tombs belonging to the VIII Le gio Augu ita ,which, according to Ptolomy, gave its n ame to Arge ntora tum or Stra (burg. He
fuppo fe s th is the mode o f bury ing th e common fo ldie rs of th e légions . I n twoof the fe tombs were found the bod ies . The ends do not appear to h ave been clofe du p at a l l
3. The fe kind of tombs are in fome infcriptions cal led Obre flda ria or
,
F . Dra ke , in A . S. Min . Archa e ol. II . p. 177— 480.
Schtz pfiin Alfa tia Il luil . p. 5 10, 5 13 . Mem. de l’ a ce d. de s l ufc. X. p. 4 57. 4 to.
Fa bre tti l nfc. p. i s. Gru te r, p. 607. Guthctiut de jure mmiurn , I] . 3 4 .
i
a s Riga l tiu s' an ‘d Gori ’ conjecture, Obruenda ria ’
, thus ment ioned in an in
fe rip tion in Grute r4.
D . M.
L . POMPONIVS. GLADY S:
ET CLAVDIA PARHESIA.
FECERVNT
Sl BI ET SVIS POSTERISQVE
EORVM ETM . QVINTINO CLAVDIANO
OLLARVM N x 11 AB IMO .
IN SVMMO CVM
OBRENDARIO.
That the Romans u fe d brick coffins, or
'
fa rc0pha gi, i n thei r e a rl ie it p eriods,wi l l appear by the fol lowing p afi
'
a ge of Plin y, N . H . XXXV. c. 4 6 . Quin
8c defunéti fefe multi fiétil ibu s fol iis condi ma l u e re ; (icut M . Varro Pyth a gorico more in myrti Sc olea : atque popul i n igri fo lns .
” F . Hardouin exp l ain s
folio mobi les arces five fa rcoph a gi in quibus corpus integrum conde ba tur. Se e
Florus IV . c . 1 1 . of Cleop at ra’s death . Curtius X. c. 1 1 0. Suet . Ne t . 5 0.
An infcription in Gru te r DCVI I . 1 . contain s a fingu l a r petit ion from one ma n toanother about the difpofition of h imfe lf and fami l y after death . CUM. ANTE.
HOS. DIES. CONJUGEM. ET. FILIUM. AMISERIM. ET. PRESSUS. NECES
SiTATE. CORPORA. BORUM. FlCTl LI. SARCOPHAGO . COMMENDAVERIM. DONECUM. LOCUS . QUEM . EMERAM. AEDIFICARETUR.
ROGO. DOMINE. PERMITTAS. Mi l-l l . IN. RODEM. LOCO. I N . MARMOREO . SARCOPHAGO. QUEM. MIHI. MODO . COMPARAVI . EA . CORPORA. COLLIGERE. UT. QUANDONE. EGO. ESSE. DESIER. PARITER . CUM.
EIS. PONAR . Another infcrip tion i n the fame col lection , DCCCC I I I . 1 2 .
runs, OSSA. L . BACC I—III. L . F . FICTILIARII. SARCOPH . HBIG. POSITA.
SVNT. Libert i e p ift. ad El ium Se ve rum a p Schmpfiin . Al fa ti a . Il lufi. p . I 1 . cumcorpora e orum fia il i fa rcopha go comme nd a ve rim.
”
In the celebrated fami l y vau lt of the freedmen of Aug uftu s and Livia, dif.
covered by the (i de of the App ian way, about a m i le out of Rome, 1 7 2 5 ,among a fewmarble fa rcoph a gi were two o f éa ke a
'ga rtb, made to
'
contain thebody whole. The fe are thus de fcribe d by B ianchin i 5
, C a fl'
a di cretacotta, lunga p iedi l arga 1 e once 7 , fen z a infcriz ion e . La forma interioredi que fia ca fl
'
a, che in altre ancora d
'a l tri (e po lcri ho veduta, e (i ata ofi
’
e rva ta
avere da una parte umrel ievo del la i lte fl'
a materi a di terra cotta, come (i dove fi‘
e
a l de fonto fe rvire di gu anci ale, non p iu alto pero n e p iu largo di once 6 con
pert ugi che fembia no fatt i pe r r icevere qualche liquore come fe putre fa ce ndofi il celabro dovefi
’
e i n quei buchi fco l a r e l ’a cqu i che ne deriva . L’u ib p ero de
qu e fto guanciale e de quei forami non (i comp rende fin’
ora .
” This exact l ycorre fponds with the (tone coffins among us u fe d by Chrifiia ns . Gori de fcribe sone o f the fe earthen coffins as covered with ti les l aid on i ts flat edge
,whereas
another had an inner ledge, on which the t i les were laid . The fe t i les he fuppofe s are the mun itura f a rcopba g i in an infcription in Gru te r
‘
,and the n ames
o f the de ce a fe d were frequentl y infcribe d on them. Three more brick tombswere worked u p into the wal ls of thi s vault, in order, a s Gori imagines, to beat fome future t ime rep laced with marble ones 7 .
No t . a d Aufi. Re l Agra r. p. 396.
Gori, Co lumba rium libe rt. a fe rv or. Liv ir . Flor. 1 7 17. p . 40.
So Se ne ca : “ Altos te rra a brw'
l ; a lio s fia mma confumfit ; a lios l a pis ofl'
a rcddituru s inclufit.”De re me d. For
”aAnd a ga in ,
“At ( u combuflus, a t tu obrutu x
, a t i n inclufuo,— a t tu tra diruu la pidi qui te p a ul a i im e d a t un . ma x .
Dccc t x x x Iv . 16,Se e a lfo Fa brctti, l . 1 5. who give s a n infe riptionwith bit obritus (fl.
(‘
ame ra e d mfcrl z . ft p . de’ libe rti, a c. d'Augufto, p. 10. in c . 7.
Ubi (up . p. 38 , ;9. Ta b. Vi n .
6 Another
t XXVn
Another of the fe e a rthe ii coflin s i n th is v aul t wa s covered wiih two tile sin l aid with mofa ic, re pre fe nting two great fiih , and two birds p i cking at fru it.
Gori h a s e ngraved them,Pl . XIX. A . B . but cal l s them p i eces of te ii e l a te d
p avementW i thout Booth a m ba r at York wa s digged u p a fort of coffin made o f cl ay,
o f which Mr. Thore iby had part of the bottom, which , for the convenience o f
baking,he fuppofe d was div ided into fe ve ra l fuch part s . This was ent ire, as
jufl: moulded by the Romans, fourt een inches and a h alf l ong, and a lmo ft
e leven broad at the n arrower end, and wa s twel ve and a h alf at the broader.Thi s wa s the lowe ft p art, for the feet ; the re fiwere proport ionabl y broader to th e
( hou lde r. I t was an inch thick, be fide s the ledges, which were two inches i n
thickne fs and one in breadth, and extended from the n arrower edge to with in three
inches o f the broader, where i t wa s flat from e dge to edge, and fomewha t
thinner, for
_
the n ext to l i e up on i t. The fe ve ra l p a'
rts fe eme d to h ave been joinedtogether by a p in ; for at the end of each til e i s a ho l e that would recei ve acommon fl a te p in . The l edges were wrought a l itt le hol low, t o receive the (ides,and at the feet were two contrary notches to fa fte n the end p i ece This bottomMr.Thore iby would have concluded to h ave confifi e d of eight fuch p arts froma character l ike 8 imp re fi on the cl ay . before bak ing, but that he doubted the
introduct ion of Arabic numeral s (0 earl y
I come now to the (tone-coffin as u fe d by Chri(t ia ns . A fter cremat ion
ce a fe d, on the introduétion o f Chri(ti a n ity fuppofe’, the bel ieving Romans
would general l y betake themfe lve s to the u fe of fa rcoph a gi, and of various k inds,(tone, marb le, l ead, Sa c. The Romani z ed and Converted Britons would n a
tura l ly do the fame, and p l ace the bodies B ait and We ll . As for the Saxons,they
, a s fucce fl‘
ors o f the Bri tons, would incl ine from the firlt to adop t thei r
p racti ces ; and then , after that importan t event, the arri val o f Augufiine the
monk , A . D . 5 96, a n d the conve rfion of the n ation thereupon, coffins woul d
u nive rfa l l y t ake p l ace, as Iik ewife the mode o f p l acing the body w ith the fe etto the Ea ft. Thus very foon after th i s we find St . Ethe ldre da of Ely tra nfla te d
from a wooden into a marble cofli n ; for Se x bu rga , a bbe fs o f Ely, i n tendingt o remove the body of her fi (l er Eth e ldre da into the church , dire éte d fome o fthe brethren to fe e k for a fion e “ de quo lore/l a m in ba t: fa ce re pmfi nt.
” They,finding no (’tone p roper for the pu rpofe i n the ifle , came to Gra n ta ce fi e r,
“e t
mo x inve n e runt j uxta muros ci v itat is lore/[um do ma rmore a loo pu lcbe rrime
f a fium, op e rcu lo quoque ( imil is l a p idis a p tifiime tectum The Saxons were
n ow greatl y improved in (tone-cutt ing, and a s th i s recep tacle was found ready
p rep ared 5 , one is obl iged to conclude, that the cu iiom of mak ing (tone-coffin shad p revai led there fome t ime before . A circumita nce wh ich would lead us toa fcribe thi s to the Saxons, though i t fe ems to have e fca p e d Mr. Pe gge , is thus ex
p refi'
e d in Bede, Mirum i n modum i ta a ptum corpori v irgin is fa rcoph a guminve ntum e il ac (i ci fpe cia l ite r prae p a ra tum fu ifi
’
e t, Sc locus quoq'
ue ca piti/e or
fum fa br efa fiur ad inci fu ra m cap it i s i l l iu s a ptifiime figu ra tus a pp a ru it.” The
p l ace for the head might fe em to be p ecul i a r to the (tone coffi ns o f Chri(ti a n swere it not for the infcription D . M . on fuch a coffin before de fcribe d, p . xx i i .Th is is the oldefi: infia nce Mr . Pe gge me t with a mongfl: the Saxons 6 ; however,from th i s t ime downward, (tone-coffin s have been difcove re d al l over Eng
l a nd.
Ubi (up. p. 5 .P. 3 Ainfworth, Monum. Kemp. p . l 75. Thore fby, Muf. p . 560. Kirchma n, p . 13.
Be de , lib. iv. c. 19.5 Be de would have it unde rflood a s a mira cle ; but be this a s it will, a (lone we fe e wa s to be fought to ma ke -a .
coffin of.f Itwa s A. D. 695. B thcldreda died 679, a nd thitwa l 169 ye a rs a fte r. Be de , l . c.
xxvi ii
Mr. Pegge
t races them among us from the n inth century to the reign of
Henry Il l . and in fome cafes to that o f Henry VII I The p atron (aims at
Arles were buried in Roman fa rcoph a gi finely carved Dart fays, (tone co ffins
were rarely u fe d in the 1 4 th century .
Repton abbey
,in De rbyfh ire , on the Trent, founded before A . D . 666, was
the burialpl ace o f the royal famil y of Mercia, whofe chief feat Was at Ta m
worth ln St a ffordfli ire .I n the clofe of the Ia ft ce ntur y Thomas W al ker a l a
bouretcutting hil locks near the furfa ce me t with a n old (tone wall , which, on
c learing further, he found to be a fqu a re e nclofure of fifteen feet. I t had be en
covered,but th e top wa s decayed and fal len
- in , being onl y fupporte d“b y
wooden joi fte . I n this he found a (tone coffin and w ith difficu l t y remov ingthe cover
,( a w a human (k e l e ton n ine feet long. Round it l ay 1 00 human
(k e l e tons,with thei r feet pointing to the (tone coffin . They fe eme d to be of
the ordinary fiz e .The head of the great (k e l e ton he gave to Mr. Bowers,
m‘
a fte r o f the t'
re e fchoo l, whofe fon , one o f the malters i n 1 7 2 8, remembered
i t i n his father’s clo l’
e t,though fince loft, and had often heard h is father me n
t ion th is gigant ic corps, and bel ieved the (kull wa s i n p roport ion to a body ofthat (ta ture .
The bottom of thi s dormi tory wa s p aved with broad flat (tones,and i n the wal l wa s a door cafe , with (te p s to go down to it, whofe en t rance was
4 0yards o ft
"
,near the church and river. The (tcp s were (tone, and much
worn.I t was in a clofe , on the North fide of the church, and over th i s repo
l i tory grows a fycamore , p l anted by the old ma n , when he fi l led on the earth.
The owner,when Mr. Degge , who gav e th is account to the Royal Soci et y,
1 7 2 6, {aw i t,would not fufi
'
e r i t to be opened, the lady o f th e manor h aving
forbidden i t. This wa s a tte lte d by fe ve ra l old p eop le, who ha d l ik ewife feen
a n d me a fure d the (k e l e ton ’.
In the Norman t imes i t wa s the cuftom to bury monks in the bare ground .
W arin, twentieth abbot o f St . Albans, who died 1 1 9 5 , ordere d that they (hou ldbe buried in (tone coffins, as more decent . M. Paris ch arges him wi th innov at ions in e fta blifh e d cuftoms to p l e a fe the multit ude
4.
In 1 7 5 9 , in mak ing a turnp ike road thro ugh Wa rd/ow v i ll age, near 4/bford,on opening a heap of (tones 3 2 y ards diameter, and about five feet high, wa sfound .a monument to the memory of fe ve nte e n pe rfons who had be en thereinterred. The bodies app eared to have been lai d on the fu rfa ce o f the ground
,
on long flat (t ones fe ve n feet and a h a l f long, and their hea ds and bne a fts prote é
‘
te d from the incumbent weight o f (tone by fma l l wal ls [or rather che(ts]made round them, with a flat (tone on the top, excepting the two p rin cipa lones, which were comp letely inclofed in two (tone che(ts, about two feet highand (even feet long. On removing th e rubbifh man y jawbones and teeth werefound undec ayed
,but none of the l arger bones . The (tones of whi ch the fe
coffins were compo fe d appeared p l ain ly to have bee n taken from a quarry abouta quarter o f an inch difta nce . Near half the ci rcle was va cant, which migh tbe owing
’
to accidental difhirba nce , by laying near the road , or in atte ntion on
the firft open ing. The Re v . Mr. Evatt of Afhford , who communicated the a c
count and drawing to the Royal Society, 1 76 1 , fuppofed the circl e l ate r than thefence wal l above, which interfered with p art of i t, and therefore referred i t tothe (lain in the wars between the honres o f York and La nca fte r ; but it i s muchmore p robable that i t wa s a fami l y buria l p l ace of the fame k ind wi th that
Ge nt . Ma g. p . 66. Thickne frc. Phil. Tra nf. N°
4oo . p . 363.(Ana fda m ne mpe confu e tudin e s a b a ntique confe rva ta s vole ns multis pla ce re idem a bbu G a rinu l in nova (t a tuta
e ommu ta vi t , quod f'a é um multis vide ba mr tcme mrium, multi s utile , hone ltum, a : comme nda bile . Inte r que conflituit(lice ! (a criita mm nliqua po fl e iliuncu l a a mplia fie t )m corpora mona chorum de funa orum qu e a n te : cuna i a tempon
'
bm fub{olim lcrrz ce fpi ic fo le ba u t (cp e liri omnibus temporibul (e que ntibus, quot! e i vi
'
debfl u‘l
‘ hone ftius, recondcrrntur in
l a p ide is fe pu lchri n. M. Pa ris, v. a b. Alb. p . 95 .
before
itxix 3before de fcribed at Rep ton , in the fame count y . Mr. Bray th ink s itmote like lyth at they would carry the wal l (trait (e fp e ci a l ly as the (tones remove d fu rnifh e dmater ials for i t) than th at the monumen t (hou ld be thrown up on both fi
‘
de s offuch a wal l , and be inte rfe éte d by itSome l abourers digging in a quarry between Kaer Leon arid Chri(tchurch,
h ear a p l ace cal l ed Port h S i n i Cra n , difco ve re'
d a l a rge fre e ft one Coffin , i n wh ich
wa s a ( heet o f lead wrap t about an iron frame, cu rioufiy wrought and in i t a
(k e l e ton . Near the coffin l ay a gi lded a l a ba fté'
r (tame, i n a coat o f'
ma il , holding in the right h and a (hort (word, a nd in the left a bal ance. I n the right fca l ewas a female bu ft, 011twe ighing a globe in the left fca le . Cap t . Mathi as B i rd;who wa s on the (pot, gave the (tatue to the Afhm
'
o le a n Mufe um. The feet, righ t
a rm,and fca le s, hav e been fince broke n o ff ; but the reft is in to lerable pre fe rva
t ion,and (ome o f the gi lding remain s i n the inte rftice s of the armor. Bifh0p
Gibfon thought i t re p re fe nte d Attre a ’. I t i s rather St . Michael weighing the
devi l a ga inft a foul, as on Gl a ftonbu ry tower, and m a y have belonged to a
Chri(tia n tomb, and been found on the li te of a n an t ient church . See i t i n theMarmora Ox onie nfi a , Pl . CXXVI I I .
I n the churchyard at De e rn e fs, i n the Mainl and of Orkney, is a colfin- fa (h ion
étl (tone , e n dos d’ane, (i x feet l ong ; one (ide p l ain, the other adorned wit h
what the heralds cal l V aire in'
fl ve rows . S tich another in B endale church-y ard,twenty mi les from De e rne fs, i s ca l led tbe Que e n of Morocco’
: g'
ra fv
'
efione ; and
th e y tel l a long legend about her a rriva l and death here 4 .l n digging a cel lar in an ou thou fe belonging to the chanter at Lirico ln, front
ing the Welt end o f the Minfte r, they found two or three (tone coffins, p robabl yl aid there (i nce the diffo lu tio n o f the ant ien t p ari (h church o f St . Mary Magdalen
tomake wa y for the cathedral, and ten or twel ve feet lower was foun d a Roma nIl ypoca ufi.
Two bod ies were found de pof'
ted i n coffin-(h a p e d cav itie s i n the l i ve rock inthe Anchorita ge , near St. John s church yard at Ch e fte r s, by which it ( hou ld
fe em hermit s were frequentl y buried in thei r ret i rements . A hermi t had achap el on the (i te o f Red C a ftle , an ov al c amp near Thet ford, and Mr. Mart indigging found a very fine (tone coffi n, with bones in i t, ju ft where it is fuppofe dthe hermit’s chapel (tood, at th e North Ea ft corner And the coffin l id witha cro fs in rel ief on it l y ing oppo fi te or near to St. Robert
’ s cave on the bank o f the
N id at Kn a re fborough confirms th is . The a nt i en t her'
mit s dug their own coffinsi n the rocks where they p alt thei r l i ves
7.
Co ffin- fa fh ion e d (tones were alwa ys covers to coffins o f the fame materi al s;a nd thus a n fwcre d the double pu rpofe of recep tacle and memori al .I t is worth enquiry whether (tone coffin s were always confined to p e rfons of
eminence, or al lowed to the rel igious and lait y of every rank . I th ink inft a nce sm a y be p roduced of both . I n rel ig iou s hou fe s they were p robabl y fo r the p ri nc ip a l rel igious a nd nobi li ty ; but i n pari(h churches fo r the incumbents or p a
‘
t rons. Perh ap s in both cafes they were for al l who would go to the ex~
p ence. Thus to gi ve a few examp les out of ma ny,the (tone coffin now l y ing i n
t he Ve ftry at Stone in Ken t, and at Sonme in C a mbridge fhire , i n th e latter infta nce ,and in th e forme r thofe o f St . Albans, where, in digging a v a u l t, 1 7 8 2 , for a l
derman N ichols, below the (te ps with in th e great Weft door, they found a
(tone coffin , covered tip , but fi l led wi th dirt and gravel . I t now (tands emp t yby the (pot . They d ifcov e re d the feet o f another, which they d id not difturb.
A th ird h a s.
l ong (tood beh ind the high altar;
Phil. Tra nf. vol. LII. p a rt II . p . 54 4. Tour, p . | 85 . 2d e dit.3 Gibfon's C a mde n, Monmou thfhire
, p . 71 5. Mr. Lowe ’t MS.
5 Pe nn a nt W a le s , I . 187.
Blomfie ld, I. 378 . Ma rtin’a Hill . of The tford, p. 10.
Vii : l‘
a trum, c 20. 1. de S. Le oba rdo rcclufo.
'
z is'
x
yn {inking a well by the townhal l and by the Fifh (tone at spam-
ing, wh‘
ere
prob
ablyhad flood the church o f Ho lycrofs, at four feet deep wa s ta ken u p
a (tone coffin i n which wa s a co rp fe looki ng fre fh‘
, and a nothe ncorp fe covered
w ith a p l ank 0 0
Emp t y itone coffins have been dug up in the (i te o f the nowent i rel y demo
Iifhe d chapel o f the W ake fami l y adjoin ing to the North fide of the chancel of
Market De p ing church .
In St .Mary's ch urch yard, The tfortl , h a ve been found (tone coffi ns of differen t
fiz e s , fu ppo fe d‘ for a fathe r, mother, and two children . Two l ids i n the chan
e e l floor are a l'
cribe d to the larger, wh ich were found under th e p avement
wi thou t l ids ; and one‘
o f the rri, . which ri ngs l ike a be l l , l ies in the tower. The
l id o f a f ma l le r ma kes a he a dfton e i n the churchyard, near the original (po t
the d ihe i larger, by the vcltry, re ve rft, covers Edward Clarke l ate clerk,’
by h is
own d e fir'
e’.This makes i t p robable that originall y the fe coffi ns l ay leve l
with the'
p avement, o f which the l id, fome time s in fcribe d, made p art . Such
ma y have been thefe/wzlcbrum [ ure a /um f u/wr te rrbmfimm it: ru/ticiori forma l um
[up/715 , d e fcribe d by Gregory of Tours3, in the church o f St . Venerand, at C lar
h i out, in Arrve rgln e , among a number of fp le ndid tombs of Pari an marble.A (tone coffin found in the chance] of Purton , W i lts, had a p ie ce o f board
a t bottom,covered by the‘ earth , which m ight have been a cover, or pa rt of a
wooden cofli n or have been thrown in on (ome former opening.
At St : Mary‘s,the p riory church at Wareham, are (ome (ton e coffins, i n wh ich
the p riors might have been interred for Mr. W oo’d fays, that i n Durham cathe
( it a l molt o f the priors were buried in coffi ns o f (tone or marble covered withanother large (tone wh ich l ay level wi th the p avement, it being an ant ien t cu ftom to bury p e rfons o f note no deeper. Not long agowa s dug up in the church
yard a fla t (tone which covered a (tone.
coffin : on it i s carved a long narrow( hield wh ich takes u p the whole l ength, and is div ided in the m iddle by an embofl
’
e d l ine as cfcu tche ons are ufua i ly parted pe r fe fs : on the upper p art i s a l ionrampan t, and on the lower (i x fle u rs dc l is : -It is thought to be two coats im
p aled, th is being a very ant ient manner o f e mp a l eme nt S.On the North (ide of the altar i nAbbo tlbu ry church wa s a ve ry ant ien t cof
fin o f co‘
a rfe bl ackmarble, with a co ver o f the fame . I t i s ('
uppofe d to h avecontai ned the bones o f Orcus, (tewa rd to king Canute, and h is wife, who fou nda
ed thi s abbey, and to have been removed hither at the difi'
olution out of theconventual church ; but, as pre fe nt t radit ion fays, ou t of th e V icarage hou fe iI t was four feet and ha l f long, by two broad, and on e and a h alf deep ; and in1 7 5 0 wa s de pofite d under ground n e a r the p lace where i t once (tood, therebeing no convenient p l ace to recei ve i t “ The bones of the founder Orcus,inclofe d in a d a intie ma rbi l i coffin, which l h a Ve often fech e, were removed tothe adjo in ing pari(h church
A l arge (tone coffin, (mai ler at the feet th an at the’
ht a d, forms the groundfi l l o f the large W eft door of Du nlt a pl e church, on wh ich the very door cafei s founded. But who was here interred no infcription doth cert ify a
. The( i te o f the Baft end o f the church wa s dug i n for (tone, and co ffins wi th boneswere found and buried again , by the l ate Mr. Crawley, who owned i t about
3 5 years ago. Mr.W i l l is in formed the Society o f Ant iquaries, 1 7 4 5 , that abouttwo feet under ground, and above three feet from a fide wal l of thi s p a rt, and
Sp a lding Socie ty's Minute s.Hifi . o fThe tford, p. 73. Dc Gloria Confe ll '. c. 36. 4 C en t. Ma g. Ma rc h
,1 761. p . 1 25.Hu tchins's Dorfe l , l . 36. l b. 1. It
a Hill . o f Dunli a ple , p . 107.539 CO e“ Dorm, P 3"
7
xxx i i,
toife s f qu a re , where they formerl y buried, and where(ti l l remain about twenty
tombs . Forty or fift y more are to be (een in a l itt le (pot, in the cent re o f the'
v i l lage, (urrounding
the church,to which it (e rve d a s a bu rying 'ground, t i l l for
bidden to be u fe d by the then hi ll top o f Poitiers about fift y years ago . C lofe toth is
,behind the pre lb yte ry, is a l itt le open (pace, and by the (i
de o f i t a (p a ciou s
field hedged inf In the former (pot are about twenty tombs . Though there are
(aid to have been (ome i n the latter, none are nowto be found at the dep th o f
three or four feet . Towards the cent re o f a great p l oughed field o f ( i x acres
bv the fid e o f the h igh road to Lu ffa c and Lemoge s , z o o pa ces from the vi ll age,were found, i n two days (e a rch, at oonfide ra ble d ifta nce s , about twenty- five e o f
fins,mo (t o t
'
tl i em emp t y, and without l ids . Some have p retended to find the fe
coffins in the ri ver ; but it appears that the (tones i n its bed had been milt a k e nfo r them,
though it is not improbable that the water might have wa fhe d awaythe earth which covered (ome , or by other accidents they m ight h ave foundthei r wa y i nto it . The general (hape of the fe coffi ns i s that o f our modern
wooden ones, (ome few excep ted, which are l e fs contracted at one end, and a p
proach nearer a long fqu a re . Two in p art icular were l ike cradles, l it tl e (hal lown iches
,hol lowed for chi ldren in the level furfa ce o f a p lane convex block,
three feet by fifteen or eighteen inches . The reft were of'
a l l fiz e s, from three
feet to (or feet two or three inches . The general fiz e i s ( i x feet by two or three atthe larger end
, a nd one and a h a l f or 2 0 i nches deep a very fewwere broader anddeeper. Each was covered with a large (tone, common l y flat, fome time s convex
on the upper (ide , two feet five or (i x inches broad, by (i x feet fix or (even incheslong
,and about two inches th ick at the edges, always overhanging the coffin . One
third o f the fe l ids had no mark but by f a r the greater number had a crofs reaching the whole length and breadth o f the fu rfa ce . Th e fe croffe s were not ra ife dabove three or four l ines thei r (l ender (h aft wa s eroded by three broad tra nfve rfe
p ieces, one at each end, and the th ird i n the middle, fomewh a t l ike thofe com
mouly cal led the Lorr a in Croft . Al l the fe tombs were o f rough co a rfe workma nfli ip ; not one exhibited the (ma l le it (ign o f (cu lptu re or ta(te : n ot an inicription or figure to ( hew that the dead whom they contained were at al l abovethe common rank . On one o f the fe l ids were (ome ch a ra éte rs h alf effaced, onwhich the onl y letters that could be made out (e eme d to form the word Dom/11m.
On the infidc o f another l id wa s carved, i n a tolerable (ty le and rel ief, a workma n with his ha min e r, p robabl y a re pre fe nta tion o f one o f the workmen in th en eighbouring quarries, carved by himfe l f, or (ome of h is p artners . Of about 1 5 0o f the fe co fl in s which l a y in ground not u fe d for ceme trie s, (ome were foundempt y, others ful l of earth and bones mi xed together, others under the eart hwhich fi l led them u p b a d a comp lete (k e l e ton in i ts natural order, o f a yel lowcolour, and ready to fal l in p iece s on the firlt touch . In (e ve ra l were two (k e
l etous, l ying (ide by (idc, and in (ome l arger than the reft were three. I n (e ve ra lunder the (k e le tons were (cul ls, whole and broken bones mi xed with the earth,wi th which they (e eme d ,a lwa ys to h ave fil l ed up the coffin after de pofiting thebody in it . The longe ft (k e l e tons Were of the co
'
mmon p roport ion, five feet n ineor te n inches ; and of the fe not more than three or four were found, th e majorit y being under (i x feet and a half. At the bottomo f one of -the fe coffi ns werefound, wrap t u p in a fort o f paper, and (tuck together by ruft, a doz en doubletournois , one o f 1 63 6, half a wooden comb, with a rowo f clo fe and anothero f open teeth, and two or three p ieces o f a kind of dark brown (erge . In another was found a (ri ver file gra in ring, with a col let o f the fame. In another a
p iece o f bafe (i lve r, not (0 l arge or th ick as a French (01, (ta mpt on one ( idcwith a (hi eld (urmountcd by a crown
,the figures indiltinét, and rou nd it an
imperfect
imperfect'
date, I 5 9 Some p e rfons o f cre d i t affi rmed, that i n (ome of the fecoffins (tone bott l es were found by the fide of the de ce a fe d and i t has been (aid,that ant ient medals h ave been d ifcove re d among them. A l i tt l e before the laft( e a rch the curate o f the p lace fen t M . l e Nain governor of Poit iers, by wholeorder the (cat ch was made, (even medals, which he a fi
‘
ure d him were ta ken out
o f d iff eren t tombs. They were m idd le bra fs , o f Claudius ; Nero. rev . an altar,under which
,ARA PAC IS ; a l arge bra fs, too much defaced to be known ; (mal l
bra fs o f Gal l i enus, rev . AETERN ITAS AVG. of Aurel i an , rev; VICTORIA
AVG. two of Con ita n tinu s C rifpu s a nd j unior. Beyond the river Vienn e, halfa quart er o f a league higher u p than Civaux , i s an imme nfe quarry, in wh ich
ma y be diitingu ifh e d the beds whence many of th e fe coffins h ave been cut, beingof the fame grain .
The fe p articulars are extracted from the account gi ven by the je fu it Rutho f the grand fe a rch i n to th is co l le étion of (tone cofi
’
i ns made about 1 7 3 8 . The
father ha s thoroughl y ca n v a ft the fubje tft, and has de te ftnine d them indifpu ta blyto be long to Chri(ti a ns, and the (pot where they a re
'
fou nd to have been a publi c
Chri(ti a n bury ing ground; Perhap s the crofi'
e s were the (tronge ft ev idence oft h is for we h ave p roduced a variety of infia nce s th a t make a ga inft the conclu~
( ion, that“mon uments where th e corp fe i s pre fe rve d ent ire are ne ce fl
'
a rily
Chri(ti a n works .
”
The quarter of St. Hil ary at Poit i ers ts fu ll o f (tone co ffins, which chanc ebri ngs to l igh t con t inual ly in cel lars and gardens . The abbé d’Arma gn a c, t reas
furer to the ch ap ter o f St. Hilar y, d igging in his garden in the win ter 1 7 3 6
found twel ve or fifteen one o f them was (even feet long, and contain ed bones
o f very large p roport ions . He has difcove re d them i n h i s cel l ar under th e
foundat ions o f old thick wal ls : and he is not the on l y pe rfon who h as made
th e fe difcove rie s i n th i s quart er . I n enl argi ng and comp let ing the high road
from Poit iers to Chauvigny, about 1 7 3 9 ;they found in the rifing ground wh ichcommands the cit y on the fide of St. Cypri an and the gate of Pont-a -Joubert,a large (tone cofii n , which wa s left on the l ands by the road (ide . Boucher,who wa s born before 1 4 80, obfe rve s, i n his Hifiory o f Poitou, that i n t h i s
quarter, above the abbey of St . Cyprian, was an old bury ing ground , n amed theBurying ground of St . Gregory. The cufiom o f bury ing out o f c it i es (ubfifte da long whi le after the Romans, who firfi enacted i t as a l aw. The town sand v i ll ages near the V ienne from St . Gervais two l eagues, below Cha te l l e
f a u lt to Lufi'
a c four leagues abo ve Chauvigne , at St . Ge rvai s , Ingra nde , Cenon,Bonima tou r, Vouneuil , A rch igny, Chauvigne , Ci vaux, Queaux , Lufi
'
a c, areal l ful l o f the fame k ind of tombs . W e find at a l l the fe d iff eren t p l acesfields not qui te (0 large as that at C ivaux ful l o f (’tone cofiins and covers
marked with crofi‘
e s, and (ome of rough (tone without a ny marks . The fe
circumlta nce s, the v icin it y of th e fe bury i ng grounds to churches, and th e
Go th ic (tone crofi'
e s fe t u p at the en trance, or i n th e cen tre o f the fe
p laces , denote th at the y are Chri(ti a n ; and the quarries before ment ioned, orothers n ear the fame ri ve r, fu rn ifh e d the materi als Montmori l lon , a l itt le town
o f Poitou, on the Gartempe,_four or five l eagues from Civaux, where i s n ow
t he church o f the Augufiine s , contain s a great number of the fe coffin s , whichh ave been taken u p to make doors and ch imney p ieces to the mon a fte ry. The
(pot wa s wal led round for near a ce ntury, and i s u fe d as a buri al ground.Saulge, a vil lage on the Gartemp e, has a great man y . joume t, four leaguesf rom the ri ver, (til l
’
more . Benet, a v i l l age near th e head of the Gl ain , i s full
o f them, and me lt of the hou fe s there are bui l t of them. One is to be feen in alone houfe near Tra nqu a rt : and i t i s n o uncommon fight i n many other p art s
i of
x xx i v
of l ’o itou , where there are noit'
r no traces o f the fe an tient bu rial grounds . Tw‘
entywere found i n digging in a garden o f a p riory-cure two . l eagues from L e ccon .
A con lide ra bl e quant it y are to be (een at the p riory of St . j ohn 'de Londu n .
Lower I’oirou abounds with them,a nd there are fewp arts of the reft o f Poitou
where they are not talked o f. But the fe (i ngu l a ritie s are not confined to th i s
province
.The abbey o f Notre Dame de l a Tenail le, at S a in tonge, (even leagues
above Saintes,towards Blaye
,(tanding alone i n the midft o f a wood , h a s a kind
o f burial ground a lmo (t as confide ra bl e a s that of Civaux, ful l o f the fame kind
o f (tone coffins, which have been found to contai n ent i re (k e l e tons, as there ;and in (ome of them (tone bott les p laced by the ( idc o f the bodi es . The l ike
ma y be (een i n Touraine, at Baleme near l a Haye, at Brayes near R ichel ieu ,and many other p l a ces i n the fame pa rt s . About the canons o f the ca ftl eat Bruges opening a road near their church d i(e o ve re d a great number o f (tonecoffins. M . Dod a rt, governor of Berry, fay s they are very common i n that
p rov ince, that the curates o f many p a ri(h e s u fe d them for horfe — troughs ; andhe had (een many at the abbey o f Foncomba ud, i n the dioce fe o f Bruges, near
B l a ne . M . C a the rinot, well known for his re fe a re h e s i n to the antiqui ties ofBourges and Berry
,i n h i s Bourges (ou te rra in ,
” tel l s us, that the Ca p uchin s
o f Bourges trenching their garden in 1 64 0, found (e ve ra l (tone co lfi ns, whichthe ant ient s p roperl y cal led bie re r, from the Lat i n pe tr a ; and in 1 6 8 4 an otherat the foot o f a tree which they had cut down in thei r great walk . This hou fei s near the canons of the ca ftle , and both are out o f the town circumlt a nce s
which (erve to p rove this to have been an ant ient burial ground . Traces of
th is ant ient cu ftom have been found in the p rov inces mo(t d i(ta n t from Poitou .
Near a Be ne d iétine abbey out o f Arie s i s a l arge field ful l o f tombs o f the fame
( hape, and d i(pofe d in the fame manner a s at C ivaux . The conclufion is oh
v ious, that al l the fe were the buri al grounds o f the Chri(tia n s of Gau l .If the number o f coffins, or o f bodies i n them, when the dime nfions (carce
al low o f more than one,or the rank o f the p art ies buried, and the find ing of
heathen co in in Chri(ti a n graves be objected the a n fwe r to the fir(t i s, we are notto expect a ca lcu l a tion corre fponde n t to extent o f ground to peop le the burialground o f a v i l l age of onl y 600 p e rfons . Publ ic buri al grounds do not (e emto h ave been forbidden to Chri(ti a ns in the mo (t furious pe rfe cu tions, and Chri(t i a ns aff ected common p l aces of buri al . The u fe o f (tone coffins m a y be carriedba ck in Poitou to the third century, and p robabl y contin ued to the end of the1 3 th ; confe qu e ntl y the buri al ground o f (uch a v i l lage as Civaux wa s ten cent ut ies at l e a lt i n fi l l ing. Al lowing fix te e n death s, one year w ith another, th i s
p eri od would give dead bodies,and an equal number o f tombs. The
(triete fi al lowance of cofii ns to the ground al l round the town would not p roducethe whole number ; and al l the accidents of p l ague, fam in e, and wa r, willnever bring the number of t ombs to
C ivaux wa s certain ly however a v ery ant ien t pari(h , and as there were for(e ve ra l centuries but two cemeteri es at Po it i ers , i t i s not un likel y n umbers woul dbe carried to a (pot (o conven ient for th is heavy mode of in terment . The tr a ce so f (uch a mode would fooner di(a pp e a r i n popu lous ci t ies, wh e re (tone waswanted for buildings both publ ic and p rivate . Ma ny towers and batt lemen tso f the wal ls o f Poit iers are lined with (uch (tones . One i n p art i cular i s chargedwith a crofs, an infe ription in Gothi c cha racters at top ; on the righ t o f the cro fsi s a
-chal ice wel l cu t, and to the left an E . oppofite to a nd on the fame leve lwith i t . When the coffi ns contained more than one co rpfe which was in(ome in lt a ne e s l e fs t han the other, they ma y have been thofe o
'
f hu(band andW ife, children or friends, or corp fe s of difi
'
e re nt p eriods, or wh ich funk under
(ome
t'
xxx v
(ome epidemical di(orde r ; or, l a ftl y, were bu ried i n later pe riods, a fte l" thismode o f i nhumat ion ce a ft, a s (eems probable from the coin s of 1 63 6, and theremains o f clothes . Th is i s confirmed by the recol lect ion , that where there weremore bodies than one i n a coffin , (ome were reduced to a (ku l l or a few bones tnot to infift on an atomical di (qu ifitions, whether the co
'
rpfe o f a p e a fa nt occup i es
l e fs room than that o f a rich c it i z en . The Roman medals found here are fewa nd doubt ful . As to the obje étion drawn from the e x p e nce o f the fe (tone coféfins
,i t (hou ld be confide re d, that as they were near at hand, and would (erve
more th an once the mode was more frugal than at fi rlt fight app'ears
l have been the more ful l in th is extract, as t he in fta ne e s here p roduced a re
c'
o'
ne lufive i n favour of the p romifcu ou s u fe o f (tone '
e'
offins, and a s I bel ieve thebook whence it i s taken i s not i n every body’s hands .
Dans le ne f de l ’e gl ife de St . Mart i n a Angers i i y a tro is anciens cercueil s‘de p i erre dans l e qu e l s on t e té mis t roi s p e rfonne s , Se non en terre
I l y a dan s l e n e f de l ‘e glife dc St . Pierre dans l a meme vi l le deux cer’cuei ls de
p ierre fort anciens, e nch a ffe z dans l e mur a l a hauteur de trois p i ed s a ude ff u s d'
u
t erreAu bas du col l atera l dans la dern iere ch apel l e du cote de I’Eva ngil e p a roit un
'cercue il de p ierre en dos d’ane 8: a fle ur de terre, qu i e ft p e u te tre l a fe pu ltu re de
Ge offroi premie r abbe de cett e m a ifon .
” Valmont abbe y, founded about 1 1 69The l ike (tone coffin in th e North wal l o f the h a v e (which i s al l that remain s)
o f the abbey church at Du nm-
ow, and is a fcribe d to j uga Bayn ard the foundre fs ,ma y be on l y of an abbot
6. Lel an d de fcribe s (uch a crofs on the tomb o f Henry
Doil l i, (on of the foundre fs at Ofe ne yCoffi ns of thi s form are (u ppofe d to be the o lde ft o f the fort, a coffin and a
monumen t un ited . That the y were not always confined to rel igious pe rfonse ven though the ridge be charged with a cro fs, m a y be p re fume d, if I a m right
in my app l icat ion o f that i n the Temp l e church to W i l l iam Plantagenet fi fth
{on of Henr y l l . i n th e Xl l l th cen tury . Niger bifhop of London, who died
1 2 4 1 , had one i n old St . Paul’s'. Somewhat fimil a r coffins , and both al ike
orn amented with arches, and therefore mo (t proba bl y Am a de at the fame peri od
together contai ned the remain s o f kings Sebba and Ethe ldre d there. Such Wereal'fo thofe that are a fcribe d to a re hbifhop Theo bald at Can terbury ,
‘
and to bithopG l anv i l le at Roche ft e r. The con formi t y of the fe (tone monumen ts to th e gene '
r a l form of our an tien t (h rine s would incl ine me to bel ieve the two i n Kent were'
d e pofitorie s o f rel iques (the l atter pe rhap s of thofe o f St . Paul inus) as wel l a s t hetwo in London . in the fl oor o f the h a ve of St . Alban‘s abbey chu rch are two
plain (tones, with a rounderridgeCrofl
'
e s were very a nti e ntly fixed or carved on monuments and gra ve ftone s.Among the Ian/s o f Kenn e th king of Scotl and, about 8 4 0, we meet with th is,Efte em every (e pu lchrc or gra ve lton e (a ct e d, and adorn it with the fign o f th e
cro fs, which take care youdo not (0 much as t read on .
” But the fathers, forth at very re a fon , forbid i t to be p laced on any gra ve fton e s
I The SAIic lawn, howeve r, of th e antie nt Fra nk s fo rbid bu ry ing twice in the fame coffin , e ithe r ofwood or ite m , unde r
a he a vy pe n a lty. 81 quit mortuum ho'mine r'n nu t in "J o ou t in pa ra (qu a : va fa e x ufu fa rce pha gi die unmr) /n’fl‘
a l ium fl 'l/fl fl , mu mde nl rios qu i fa ciqnt fa lidos a st d imidium culpa bil il judica tur.
"
Re che rcbe s fu r l a ma nie re d'inhume r le s a ncie ns a l
ioccnfion dcl tombe a ux dc Civa u x. e n Poitou. Pa r lc R. Pe r:
B . R. Pre tre de la Compa gnie dc Je fus'. Poitie rs . 1 739. l z'rr'
io .
9 Mo lcon, Voya ge litu rgique de Fra nce , p. 8 1. l b. p. 105 .
De fcrip. de l a ha u te Norm. l . 161 .
Se e it in the he a d-p ie ce to Ce ntu ry XII. fig. 5 : Graj e flone s ha ve be e n hewn in this form in la te r t ime s. The rei s one in the flou th cha nce l a t G illingha m church, ne a rRoche fl e r, da ted 1637.
7 l tin. I I . a t .
Dugd a l e's St . Pa ul’ s. Mont fa ucon me ntion. a l a rge tprn b in St. Lawre nce 's chu rch a t Mila n. which by its fh a pc
he judge d to be of the firlt a ge s o f the church, but he give : no dcfcrip t lon o f it, D ia r. Ita l. c. z .
Dc! tOmbe l dc pie rre tn bofl? ou de s tomb “p la te !” a n me ntione d (or pcrfom qui ne font mom qu'a u qua tonz cmc fie clc .
"B e fe . dc l a ha utc Norma ndie , I I . 3 34 .
Blomf. No“. 1. 483.
Hearn e
I xxx vi
Hearne deri ve s both"the (l one coffin and the crofl
'
e s on i t from the Hol y Land,at the crufa de s He (eems to app ropri ate the coffi n- fa fhion e d li ds to abbots
which ma y be doubted .
In the church o fWering Al l Saints , c. Norfolk, l i es an old grave (tone-wi th a
cro fs floryi n a ci rc le on the (ummit o f a (ta fF, i n memory, mo(t l ike l y, of (ome
re é‘
to r ;and n ear the South wal l at the Bait end o f t he ch ancel i s another old
gra v e it one ,with a crofs p a tee cut on the head of a (ta d, p robabl y in memory (i t
being the infign ia ) of a knight temp l ar3.
At the W eft end o f the n ave at Na rfortl l i es a gra Ve fton e having a crofs p ateecarved on the (ummit of a (tail , the irg/r
'
gnia of (ome kn ight templa r 4.
In the ch a ne e l under the North'
wall,with an arch ra ife d over it, l ies a marble
(tone , with a large crofsflora l carved on i t, in memory of the founde r, no doubt
fome rel igious, p robabl y (ome refl or or v ica r of the church 5.
l n the middl e o f the chancel o f Great Carbrook l ie two very ant ien t cofiin
(tones, with a cro fs patee on each , to (h ew they belonged to the Temp l ars , andtwo imperfect circumfcriptions on them in cap i tals, wh ich fe em to be added long( ince they were fir(t laid, and mo(t p robabl y when they were rep l aced after th erebui lding the church . Mr. B lomfie ld took that mo(t North to be the (e pu lchre ofMaud cou nte fs o f Cl are, thei r foundre fs ; and the other on her right hand, or
mo (t South , to be one of her younger fons, that migh t p robabl y be the firfi com
mander of th is hou fe . They l ie exact l y in the p l ace where he fays the founderso f rel igious p laces were general l y buried; as Herbert founder of Norwich cathedral. By the crofi
'
e s they were o f the order; by thei r p l ace of i n termen t pe rfons
o f di lt inétion; by the remains of the infcrip tion, mother and (on, and of the Cla re
fami l y. Nowthough, adds he, I do not meet with their names, Vincent on Brook '
fays (h e had by Roge r de C lare her hu(band, R ich ard earl of Clare and Hertford,and others . Dugdale tel l ing us where he was buried, (h ews p l ai nl y th is wa snot h is fe pu lchre , elfe I (hou ld have thought (0, by re a fon of his confirming of
his father’s and mother’s be ne fa é‘
tions to thi s hoofe, to wh ich hewa s alfo a benefator. I t is p lai n from the in fe ription that hewa s a knight of the order, and ha dbeen at J e ru fa l em, and (0 Wa s qual ified to be a comma nde r of the houfe , a nd
mufibe of great note, his n ame being not ment ioned.
On th e Firft,
MATER . CLARENSIS. GENEROSO. MILITE. CLARA .
MA HIC . TUM. VE.
On the Second.
A . DEXTRIS. NATUS. REQUIESCIT. MATRIS. HUMATUS.
HUNG. PETIIT. PORTUM. PROPR IUM. REVOLUTUS. IN. ORTUM.
I mu ll beg l eave to differ from Mr. Blome fie l d, both a s to the da te of th e ia(crip tions, their import, and the l ady. I fuppofe the infe riptions are cu t in theSaxon cap itals, and thewtha t/be wa s a Cl a re rather by bz
'
rlb than ma rriage, a ndthat be might be a younger (on of e a rl Roger.
Pre f. to G .Ne ubrig. p. lx viil .3 Blomf. Ne rf. l . 48 3.5 lb.
P . n o.
In the churchyard at B a lfh am, c . Cambridge, a t fhe ’
Enfi e nil of the cha rt s
cel , are four fre e fione coffin monument s,very old, and much al ike, each
having three crofi’
e s flore on thei r top s . That mo (t North wa s opened fome
y ears ago, and a (tone coffin with a (k e l e ton found in i t ; and i n 1 7 4 4 , whenthe gentlemen of the Chart er—hou fe were on their ci rcu it, Dr. Ball et had th atmo(t South opened, which wa s found fi l led w ith grave l, being bricke d on the( i des and bottom, where l ay a (k e l e ton of a p e rlbn who had n ever be e n in a
Coffin . I find th i s wa s a common wa y o f buri al for p e rfons o f di(i iné‘
tion in the
t ime o f Edward II. and I”. when ('
ome chofe rather to h ave thei r bodies com
mitte d to the earth wi thout a (tone coffin than with it . At Thorndon i n Su f
folk the re étor opened for me a monument o f th is kind, wh ich had alfo a crofs
fiort‘
: on the top of an e fca lop (h e l l, todenote his h av ing been a p i lgrimage toS t. J ames at Compofte l l a . By it s being joined to the South ch ance l wal l on the
churchyard fide i t app ears to h ave been the monument o f the bui lder o f thechurch, fuppofe d to be Nichol as dé Bokl a nd rector there, who was inftitu te dAug. 1 3 3 3 , at the p re fe n ta tion of John o f Cornwal l , (e cond (on to Edward I I .The grave was fitted up with a (tone (l ab on each tide, and one at each end . Thebody wa s l aid at bottom with noth ing but the common earth under the coffin,which wa s o f very th ick oak . I t was fi l led u p with earth and gra v e l , and thenl arge fl in t (tones, and (0 one abov e another to the furfa ce o i
'
the earth,and
the whole monumen t above was ('
ol id ma fon'
s work . I ment ion this as i n (ome
me a fure (hewing about what t ime the fe an tient monuments that nowremain i nman y p l aces, were likel y to be p l aced thereIn open ing a grave, covered with glaz ed t i les , on th e right hand of the choi r
b y the ve ftry door at Tewksbury, 1 7 76, was found a (tone coffin without a l id,and in i t a (k e l e ton, whofe t eeth were ent i re, alfo the fpu rs and part of the lea-t
ther, in which i t h a d been wrap t.In rep a iring the foundation s of the garden wal l at the North Ea ft comer of
the (i te of St . Catherin e‘s Priory, Lincoln, the workmen opened a (tone coffin,in whi ch lay a human (k e l e ton without a (cul lThe infia nce s of (ione coffins, after the in troduétion of Chri(t ia n ity, i n our
rel igious houfe s are too n umerous to be recited . There i s hardl y a (i te o f (uch
foundat ion in wh ich there does not appear one or more de fe cra te d for watertroughs or worfe u fe s .
I n the South ai le of Pelham Furneux church, Hert s, jufi where i t op ens intoth e chap el, Dr. S almon de fcribe s an altar-tomb o f cemented (tone, which
’wa shollow, and a fione cofii n , Wi th i t s l id even wi th the floo r. This was fmoo that the top, and had no bra fs upon i t, but p robabl y an infe rip tion below, be ca u fe
W eever ha s pre fe rve d a p art of i t, Johannes de Lee, 8: Johannesuxor wh ich the Doctor took for a daughter of Si r Simon Fur
neus and Sir John de l a Lee, temp . Edward l . The tomb is now (0 coveredw ith p ews that I cou l d barel y (Sep t . 3 0, 1 7 8 3 ) fe e th at both i t and its l id had( e ve ra l mouldings, l ike that i n Ea i
’twick church in th e fame count y, on wh ich
l ies a beaut ifu l figure of a crofs- l egged knight. On the floor o f the chapel aretwo old (tones which are but l ids to (tone coffins, the coffins remain ing belowthe furfa ce . The in fe ription remaining on one in Goth ic cap i tals,
S imon de Fume u s fil ius.”
Blomf. Colle a . C a nta b. p. 199.
Mr. Sympfon'a MS. colle ction.
Sa lmon't He n s . p . 3 87.
Fun.Mon. 9. 548.
xxxvii i
is remarkable for not reaching to the end of the (tone, as i n genera l foch iii a
fcriptions do .
The fe coffins were f uppofe d older than the chapel, or indeed the chu rch,and to have been rep l aced there on rebuil ding. Th e bones were enti re. I n on e
of them,on taking i t u p to bui ld a vault, were 'found (ome beads, of what
u fe i s hard to fa y, for the method o f p ray ing by them i s hardl y (o ant ient .
The tomb of a rchbifhop Langt on , at Canterbury, I 2 2 8 , is a l arge (ton echeft
,with a crofs carved on its l id, e ncbaflé da m le mura ille , a s the French would
cal l itsIn ta king down th e decayed South ch apel at W e (t Harling in th e fame
county,the body o f the founder, S ir N icholas de B e a u fo, who died in th e
beginning of the 1 3 th century,appeared to be l aid i n a (tone coffin ih
clofe d i n the fouth wall, which , by order of the p atron , Sir B a fil Gawdy, waspre fe rve d as i t wa s found, and being covered with bricks, now l i es u ndifiurbe d .
Mr. B lomfie ld wa s told a (mal l th ing l ike a candle-(t ick was found in the coffin,
but rather thought i t to have been a crucifix I a m fu rprife d he did not fuf
pe ét itwa s the (h aft of a chal ice, or perhaps an en ti re chal ice, and th is the coffin
of (ome rel igious.The coffi n i n which Lewe l l in the l aft p rince of W ales wa s buried in Conway
abbe y, and on the di(l'
olu tion removed into L l a nrwft church , i s a che(t of
granite, four inches and a h a l f thick, (even feet i n the clear, the ou tfide carved
with quatrefoi l s i n rel i ef. I t has, l ike the Roman one before de fcn'
be d at
Ch efie rton, p . xxi i i, a ledge with in, to receive the thickne fs of the l id, whichi s nowwanti ng ”
.
W ee ver fays ’, the a l a ba fte r e ffigie s of R ichard Lucy Lord Ch ief J uftice of
England l a y on a fl at ma rble (tone, that (tone on a trough o r cofin of whit ea fhle r (tone, when it was dug up i n the ruins of Le fne s abbey, which hefounded 1 1 78 . I n l ike ma nner one fees the figures of abbots
, bi(h0p s,knight s, and other pe rfona ge s, carved on the very (tone wh ich fe rve d as a l idto their coffin. A di(gutting imi tat ion of this mode retai ned in the l aft century ma y be (een in the figure o f W i l l i am Curie , e fq. 1 6 1 7, l y ing on his (idc i nthe South a i le o f Hatfield church, i n He rtfordfh ire .
There is an odd fo rt of (tone coffin l i d form ed en dos d’ane,where the uppe r
half is charged with a half-figu re , with its hands joined. Such a re two tombsin the church-yard at where th e in fe riptions are a lmofi wornout by weather a lad y o f the Difne y famil y, at Norton Difne y, c . Lincoln , and a
p rie tt i n App leby church, c. We ftmorl a nd . I n Kingfbu ry church, 00.W a rwick,is a cotfin-fa fhion l id, on whi ch a female hea d pe eps out of a quatrefoi l 4 .I n ma ny churchyards i n Lincol n and Hu ntingdon fhire s the grave (tones a re
cut co ffin- fa fh ione d, whether ra i fe d or laid flat,and when accomp anied wit h
fome th ing l ike a (hield for more than hal f their length, I h ave frequentl ybe en decei ved by their firft appearance to a fcribe antiquit y to the m. In theruined nave o f Croyland church (ti l l u fe d a s. a. ce metery key (tones of archeshave been pervert ed to th is u fe . In the church yard a t Potton are two (ton ecoffins o f different fi l e s, (h a pe d nearl y a s our pre fe nt wooden ones.Sir W i l l iam Dugdale a nd his l ady
'
were buried in (tone coffins,each made in
two parts 5 .Mr. Ames, 1 7 5 9 , wa s buri ed e ight feet deep , i n v i rgin ea rth, i n the church
o f St . Ge orge, Le ice tte r, i n a (tone coffin, on whofe l id hi s epi taph wa s infe ribe d, as alfo on bo th (ides o f a flat (tone.
Ne rf. I. 109.
See i t in Mr . Pe nna n t's Suppleme n ta ry Pla te s, Pl. IV .
Fun . Mon. p . 777. D a gd a le ’rWa nvic lrfh . 106 1. a d e dit.
lb. 1046. Ads. Ox . II . 690.
I
i xi l
Nea r l lche fte r wa s found fome bones i n a leaden cafe as big a s a band box
in a hol lowed (tone, and near it, under a tre e , was a Vaul t of (tone, where abody wa s found ly ing at ful l lengthCarew (peaks of Orgar, he means C a doc, being found in a leaden coffin , in
St.Stephen
’s church, near Trema tons, Cornwal lHearne mentions a body in a leaden coma i n Cornwall, wh i ch had cont i nued
there from the Saxon t imes, and when touched fel l to p iecesMany yeres (i nce me n fought for tre a for at a p l ace cal led the Dungen [at
Canterbury] whet B a rnha l e’
s hou fe now is, a nd ther yn digging thei fownd a
co a rfe clo fe d i n l eadSt . Alban’s rel ics were found, 1 2 5 7, in re pairing hi s church, i n leaden ( heets,
with an infcrip tion on a leaden p l ate 5 .
Ea dburga a bbe fs o f Rep ton , c . Derby, daughter ofAdu l ph, king of the Ea ft
Angle s, who died A . D . 7 1 4 , ('
en t Gu thl a c a leaden coffin, f a rcopba gumplum
be a m 6.This wa s the be ft pre fe nt that could be made by an a bbe fs who lived
i n the centre of fome of the p rincip al a nd p erhap s o lde (t lead min es in the
k ingdom.
St . Dunit a n, who died A. D . 988 , Was buri ed in l inen , in a double coffin of
l ead, the outcrmoft more ornamented’. Mr. Somne r a gi ves the account of
the difoo ve ry a s a prett y rel ation, and worth reading .
” I t is (0 long and cir
Cumfta nti a l that I (h a l l conten t myfe l f with a n a bftra ét o f i t . Ap ri l t o , 1 5 08 ,
by order of the a rchbifh op and p rior, three or four o f the fraternit y, me n o f
d i(tingu ifh e d abi l i ties and of more fervent z eal 9 for the work, wen t about it inthe even ing
,afte r the church doors were (hu t u p, that non e o f the lai ty might
interfere, and before day-l ight difcov e re d i n the (ton ewor'
k o f the (hrin e onthe South fide of the high altar a wooden che(t, equal in length to the (tonework o f the (hrine , which wa s (even feet, a nd about one foot and a h alf broad,l ined and covered wi th lead fa fte ne d with n ai ls, d i(ta nt about a ba nd
'
s bre adth
from each other, and (trongly bound round wi th iron ha nds . They got nofurther the fir(t n ight ; but the next return ing to thei r fe a rch, fix o f the
breth re n, with other a ffifia nce , had much difficulty to l ift th e coffin out ofthe (tone work . They then , with n o l e fs diffi cult y, got open the front of thecoffi n by breaking p art o f a board on the uppe r p art This difcove re d tothei r v iew a leaden coffin , not made o f fmooth lead, but wrought i n folds i n amo (t beaut iful manner contain ing another leaden coffin a lmofi p e ri lhe d,which wa s fuppofe d to be that i n which he was firit buried. Between the fetwo leaden coffi ns they found a (mal l l eaden p l ate l ying on the brea(t of th ebody, infcribe d with the fe words in Roman letters
‘ 3
HlC REQUl ESC lT SANCTUS DUNSTANUS ARCHIEPISCOPUS.
They next found a fai r l inen c loth , pe rfe etly found, l aid over the body .
On removing th i s the fain t appeared in his pontifica l habit, for the mo(t p art
Stu k e le y, It. Cur. I . “7. P. m .
Hcam e Sp icil . a d Gul.Nubrig. p. 790.
Le lan d. l t. Vl l . I“.
M. P a ris , p . 94 1 . U il'
e r. Ant. Ec cl. En’
t . 77.
Le l. Co ll. I I . 590. It . l V. q r. a nd Pe gge , Amhz o log V . 373.Se e the ce rtifica te o f the di(co ve ry of his body, Aug. Sa c. IL 1 1 8
,Antiq. o f C a nta b. Appe ndix, N" 38 .
d d cjifmodi 0pm a ptior'u £5 fcrwmiwu .
Antrr l on'm pa n t-m a re s .
P a r/m: Mi ni: que t'
nfizprr iori pa rt: a rm f la udzbamr {f r ingere nhFa fl a mm( x pia no plumbo [rd a n : qua da mpu/tbz rn
'
mtf a bn'
mta U plica ta .Lita -ii Roma in } .
con'
fum'
ed
r m ]tonfume d by time. They faw h is bald crown a nd a ll his boite s in ortler‘,with p ieces of h is fl e fh.
. They took p art of his crown, which they lodgedamong their rel iques, and then clofe d up al l the (e ve ra l coffins in the (tronge ft
manner.The dult of St . j ohn of Beverl y wa s found, 1 664 , under a th ick marble
” flab,in the m iddle o f Beverley choir, near the entrance into the choir, i n a ( heet o f
l ead four feet long, i n a vault o f fqu a re d free (tone five feet long,two feet
broad a t the head, and one and a half at the feet ._ A leaden box l ay a crofs i t
containing (ome o f h is bones m ixed with du it .
'
W i th i t were fi x beads , th reeo f which were corn el ian , the other crumbl ed to du(t . There were in i t alfothree great bra fs p i ns, and four i ron n a i ls . Upon th is (heet of lead was fixed a
p l ate o f lead, with th is infcriptionAnno ab inca rn a tion e domin i MCLx x x v n t combu fta fuit hze c e ccl e fia i n
me nfe Sep t . i n (e qu e nti nocte polt fe ttum fa nfti Ma th ze i a po fto l i Sc i n annoMc x cvu . V t. id . Mart l i fa éta fuit inqu iti tio re l iqu ia rum beat i johann is in hot:
“ l oc o, 8c inventa funt hze c offa in oriental i p art e fe p u lchri, 8r h ic recond ita, 8e
pu l vi s cemento mix tus ibidem inVe ntu s 8c re conditu s .
”
The fe had been (0 de pofite d after the chapel wa s burnt, 1 1 8 8 but th i sl e a den box Was rather for h is (hrine and bones, being but th ree quart ers of a yard
l ong, and marked with a crofs i n a (tone coffin ( i x feet and a half long.
The remains of St . W il li am, who died a rchbifli op o f York , 1 1 5 4 , were lodgedin a fqu a re l eaden box three quarters of a ya rd long, about eight inches d iameterat top, a nd gradual ly de cre a fing at bottom clofe ly fo lde re d up . They were de
p ofi te d thus on hi s canoni z at ion i n the reign o f Edward I . by a rchbifhop
W ickwa ne , who removed them from the p lace where they firtt l ay into the n aveof h is cathedra l, and buil t a mo(t coftly (hrine over them, On l aying the n ew
p avement, 1 7 3 2 , Mr. Drak e fe a rcht for them, and difcove re d them about a
y ard below the furfa ce , under a long (l ab of (potted marbl e, wh ich h a d been lnVerted, and by th e mou ld ings round the edge was fuppofe d to h ave been an altar(tone. The l ea den box, much decayed , and h aving on it s top a fma l l p lai ncrofs, made of two p iece s of lead of equal bign e fs , and at the end a p iece of
(tuff which mou ldered upon touch ing, l ay with in a (tone coffin (i x feet fix inches
l ong, th e l id a rched, on which was a cro fs the length o f the coffins . There was
no infcription, either w ith in or without the box, or on the alt ar fione .
‘ Buta l l circumfta nce s put together, the matter fe e me d to Mr. Drake indifp u ta bl e . The
{mai ler bones, and thofe o f th e (cu ll, which were broken , were wrap t in a ,
p i ece of fa rce ne t double, which had acquired the colour o f the bones it con
ta ine d, and fome of which, for cu riofity fake, was taken out . The l arger boneswere pu t down to the bot tom of the box, and by me a furi ng a th igh bone enti reour prel at e appears to have been about five feet ( i x i nches h igh . The t emains of this once famous p relate were careful l y re pofite d i n the cofii n, thatc lofe d, and the grave fi l led up . Mr . Drake has gi ven a prin t of th e coffin an dbox 3
.
Ge ofi'
ry Ma gna vil l e , who di e d under fe nte nce o f excommunicat ion in th eh abit o f the Temp l ars,wa s carr ied b y them to the Old Temp l e in London, where
p utt ing him into a p ipe o f l ead (ca na l/ru le ) they hanged him on a tree 4 . Theywould not be want in g in re fpe ct to a founder and endower o f mon a it e rie s . Theydur(t not bury him for fear of the pop e ; (0 they wrapped him i n lead
,an d de
pofite d him l ike Mahomet, between heaven and earth . The dangl ing po lture was
ca pil it .Life of Wood, 191 . a d. edit.Ebor. p . 4 3 0.
Mon.Aug. 1. 448.
i Km 1
hotover de cent . If thi s h a d been done by an enemy or indifi
'
e re nt pe rfon it ha d
looked l ike fpite or contemp t
Rofa munde’
stumbe, at Gode ftowe nunnery, wa s t aken u p a late ; i t i s a
(tone with this infcription Tumba Rofa munda a . Her bones were clofid in lede,and withyn that the bones were clofe d i n l e
the r. When i t was opened therewas a very fwe te fme l l ca m owt of i t This account, given by the accu rate
Leland is fu fficie n t to p rove, that the doubl e (tone co ffin (hewn in the ruin s of
Godftow nunnery for Rofamund‘
s did not belong to her. Thi s is however a
( ingle infia nce I bel ieve of comu s thus d ivided into two compa rtmen ts, and (eemsto be nowde (tmyed Hearne
, in h is account of (ome ant iqui t ies i n and aboutOxford, at the end of Leland
’s I t inerary I I. 1 3 2 . does not de fcribe i t as di vided,
but as two (tone coffins, reported to have belonged to Rofamond, and her keeper,
wh ich de fiina tion he laughs at as a vulgar not ion , and refers the coffins to twonuns
,or two other pe rfons here buri ed. The imp e rfe ét infcription given by
H e ntz ne r a s on Rofamond’
s tomb of (tone, was real l y, as we l earn from Leland,on a crofs near Godftow. I t was a precatory form for her fou l, and not, a s
Mr. Grofe conceived, an a ddre fs to her as a fai nt ‘
.
Roger a rchbilhop o f York, who died 1 2 8 1 , was buried i n the wall of hi s
church, where his leaden co ffin ma y be knocked a ga in(t with a (tick, th roughthe o
penings o f the fret work His fucce fl
'
or Melton wa s in terred in a leadencoffin, within a very (trong one of oak
’.
King john is fu ppo fed to lie i n a lea den cofiin, which was difcove re d, butnot opened, under hi s monumentPri nce Henry, (on of Henry I. was done u p in l ead and bull
’s hides
Fitz pie rsburied at W inborn minite r five hundred years ago wa s found in
l ead by the fe x ton , who cut p art of i t i n digging a grave clofe by i t.
B ilh op Bitton, at Exete r, who di ed t 3 07 , appe ars to have been be en bu ried in
a leaden coffin ofmodern (hape, with rings to it
B ilhop Dalderby, who died 1 3 1 9, l a y at Lincoln i n a k ind of (tone vau lt lined
with lea dBi lhop Grofihe a d, in the fame cathedral, h a d onl y a (heet of lea d l aid over
the top o f his (tone coffin on three iron barsThe Black Prince wa s embalmed, and done up in l ead, 1 3 76
'4.
The Duke of Exeter was buried at St. Edmund’s Bury, 14 26, in l e a d a nd
p ickle .The De l a pol e s at Hul l were (0 bu ried in the C a rthufia n mon a ite ry at Hull 5
a nd at the fuppre fiing of it were found dive rfe troughs o f l ead wi th bone s ina vault under the high altar th ereSo the Hungerfords at Farl ey. Sir Jofe ph Aylofi
'
e told me he cu t one wi th
couteau, and“let out a ho rrid (tench.
Sa lmon, He r", p. 99.
Le la nd in MomAngI. l . 5 18 .
Mr. Grofe 's a ccount unde r hil Viewof it.
It in notme ntioned in the a ccount of Godtl ownunnery, Ge nt.Ma g. vol .LIII. p. 461. r7ag.Adoren t
t ne tibi de tur re quie r, Rofamp nda , p re camur.Or, a s Le la nd,
(Al l me a t huc ore t, fignum (a lu tia a dore t,
t ue (ibi de tur re quie t, Rofa muuda , prece tur.
St Hugh bi(h op'
of'
Line oln ca ufe d he r body to be digge d up in the oonve ntu a l church, a nd la id in the publicbu ry ing ground, plzbn o mor e , ” 9 1 . Wa lte r Cove ntre nfir in Le l . Coll . I. 3 57. (syn, Rofamunda tra n ila n e ce lebriu
'iil
i‘tm
i’h
h
a d
Locale bre
sn pe r Hugo nz
m cpfifc
zp‘um Linco ln .
” Hovede n (Chron. p . a dds, he r tomb flood in the
m o t c c our, a n wa s cov e re wit a nd (un ounde ith la m rcmm l
l ga in di(tu rbe d, a .a bove , a t the Re fo rma tion .
' d w P. “d ta pe r! be fore thi s h m
Dra ke . Ebor. p. 4 a o.7 l b. 4
C HHu tchim, Dorfe r, 11. 93 , Siz
e d” , P‘
u s a ndford, p. 137.u Ld J I . I . 57‘
p . 47.
I
xliii
So the Ra tcl ifi'
e s'
a t Bore ham, 1 5 8 3 . 1 5 9 3 . Thi s wa s fitted to th e body l ike acerecloth, and (hewed the features of the face, and had the name, tit le, and datein Roman letters.Thomas Grey marqui s of Dorfer, who died 1 5 3 2 , wa s found on p ull ing
down h is ch ape l at Aitl e y, 0. W arwick , done up i n cerecloth a nd'
l e a d, andqu ite pe rfeét a nd found, after 7 8 years i nterment, in a large and long woodencofiin
Sir Gerard Bra ybrok e’s bones l ying in a coffin of l ead covered With wood werer
digged up at the B all: end of the South ai le of the choi r at S t . Paul’s,i n the reign
of Edward ViPrince Henry, 1 6 1 2 , was
‘ wrapped in lead, according to the p roport ion o f
h is body ; h i s heart incl o fe d i n lead upon his bre a l t, in t he form thereof, under
which are the figures 1 6m, and under that the pri nce‘s dev i c e and motto, with
a rofe and a thi(tl e , fubfcribe d with the letters H . P. al l e mbofl'
e d 3.
I n the South ai l e o f Lichfie ld cathedra l was found, 1 7 5 1, a ( trong leadenooflin, with (e ve ra l l arge iron rings fa lte ne d to the ( ides : the l id, which wasbanded a crofs with (trong leaded r ibs
,l ay loofe on the coffin, which wa s very
much corroded. I n it Wa s a (k e l e ton, with a dry fri able fublta nce , wh ich
fp a rkl e d by' candlelight, and l ike fal t mixed with earth , fca tte re d among th e
bones, as al fo fe ve ra l folds o f fi n e linen (tick ing clofe ly together, and (ome
p ieces of broad lace, ('
uppofe d (il ve r, by thei r bl a ckne fs, which p robabl y made
p a rt of fome pontl fica l i a4.
A (k e l e ton, wrap t in red leather, co vered with lead, and a fort of coron et oni ts head, wa s found a foot un der groun d, i n Moulton church, Linco lnihire , on
n ewp av ing the choi r 5 .Mr. Vertu e, Dr. Rawlinfon, and Mr. Umfre v il l e , faw at the end of Hofie r
l ane, Welt Smithfie ld, where they were digging deep for a fewer, in fre fh
cl a yifh grav el, a leaden che(t, much decayed, four feet b y twent y-one inches,a nd eighteen inches deep, l y ing towards the an tient t imber hou fe s beh ind S t.
Sepulchre’s church, and contai n in g bones and fcu l ls, the th e uncert ain . I t
might h ave been a recept a c le for man y bo nes, a fewl av loofe near i t the lead
much decayed, adorned with a cro fs on greeces, and four leaves at the margi nin low emboft work, but no date or infcription . The old inhabitan ts faid St . Se c
pulchre’s churchy ard reached further th i s way . About the fame p l ac e huma tr
bones were dug up6.
A l eaden coffin wa s dug u p i n the Black Fri ars, Oxford, about 4 0 y ears be
fore 1 65 8 . When it was ope ned they found th e (k e le ton of a m a n with a ca nde l
in h is hand, a nd a filve r p enn y hangi ng about h is neck , and five gold ri ngs upon
hi s finger. About 3 0 years ago another leaden coffin was dug u p at the upper
e nd of Robin fon’s l an e in St . Ebb’s pari (h without the town wal l
’.
I n Ofl obe r, 1 7 8 3 , ('
ome pe rfons d igging for gravel i n a yard in Humber(tone-gate at Le ice fie r, at the dep th of abou t two y ards came to a l eaden
'
coffin, a p arall elogram, five feet four inches long, eighteen inches broad on th e
ou tfide , half an in ch th ick, and weigh ing an hundred weight . The lid was
fupporte d on the infide by i ron re its a crofs, abou t an inch broa d, and of a
compete n t thickne fs, but through ruft e a fily broken , forked and ben t at th e
Burton's Le ice fie rth'
u'e , p . ;t , Dugda le's Wa rwic klh ire , p . 1 13. Dugda le a dds the la d, whic h i s not me n~
tinned by Burton , a n e ye-witne fs .
Dugda le , St . Pa uli , p . 4 5.3 Sa ndford, D a rt . 11. so.Mr. G re e n, Ge nt. Ma g. 175 1. p . 398.Spa ld ing Socie ty
's Minute s.
A . S. Min. VI. 1749.
Wood's Note s a bout Oxford, Libe l"Nige r, II. 573.extremit i es
xliv
e x tremit ie s fo as (trongi y to fu fta in the l id and under part . With in the coflin
wasa comp lete (k e le ton , the bones in thei r n atural order, the head l y
ing Raft,
incl in ing to the left (hou l de r, the teeth perfect, the under J aw fal len on the
bre a ft. On the right ( ide near the middle o f the cofii n withi n were (e ve ra l
dark ball s lying together as if (trung, which might h ave been held by th eright hand
;none an inch diameter, and al l to appearance of equa l fiz e . On
th e ou tfid e toward the feet (tood an earthen v a fe : there were alfo fi x or (even
fma l l urns , al l p l ain , and o f red cl ay, not gl az ed . I n the fame yard h ave been
found human and other bones, and many ox hornsSi r Robert Cotton told Weever o f a che(t o f l ead found in Ra dcl ilf e -fie ld, i n
S tepney
pari ( h : the upper p art ga rn ilh e d with fca l lop (hel ls and a cro ti lt e r
border. 'At the head and foot o f the cofin (tood two j ars three feet long, andon the fide s a number of bo tt les of gli lte ring red earth, (ome p a i nted, a nd
many great phials of gl a fs, fome (i x , fome eight fqu a re , having a whitifh l iquor
in them. W i th in the cheft wa s the body o f a woman, as the furge ons j udgedby the fcu l l . On either (ide of her were two (
'
ce ptre s o f i vory, eighteen incheslong
,and on her bre a ft a litt le figure of Cup id neatl y cut i n white (tone. And
among the bones were two po in ted p ieces o f j et with round heads i n form of
nai ls th ree inches longAbout the year 1 7 20, i n the grounds of the widow Gi les, near Cl ifton ,
was found a leaden coffin , with the duft a n d bones o f a corp fe i n i t a s alfoanother of oak two inches a nd a half thick, co vered with lead, in which werethe remains o f mortal ity. Whether th is migh t h ave been a p l ace of intermentto St . Magdalen's chapel we cannot fa y, though we ma y re a fon a bly conje Ctu re ,th at before York wa s e ncomp a lfe d with wal ls i t reached to a much greater ex
te nt in the fuburbs ; and being then more popu lous, migh t have differentburi al p laces . I n December, 1 7 2 9 , were l ikewife found, in another p art ofthe ground
, (e ve ra l urns, contain ing bones and duft, as alfo Roman coins, promifcu oufly buried in the earth . The l ike about the fame t ime were found inMr. Robe rts’
s ground, which i s contiguous to the (aid widow's 3.
Mrs . Babington, who died under fe nte nce o f excommunicat ion in the reign
of Charles H. was buried in a cave hewn in the rock s of Harnham, belowthe foundat ion s of the ca ftl e , where her remain s nowl ie in a leaden cofii n
Alexander the Great was buried at Alexandria , by h is fuccefl‘
or Ptolome y, in
a coffin o f gold, which, before the t ime o f Augu itu s, h ad been changed for on e
o f glafs 5. In th is that Emperor vi ewed h is body, after ca ufing i t to be brought
out of the vault . Caligul a took his bre a it-p late out of his vault, and wore it6
,
or at lea(t pretended to do (0 7.
Some labourers emp loyed in repairing the road betweenWa lnsford and King’s.
cl id'
,Northampton, about a mil e Welt o f the former, within thirt y yards of a
l arge wood , in Rockingham fore fi, (truck upon a gla/i ’ cofiin, about two feetthree inches long, cont ai n ing the bones o f a child much decayed . It was (h a pe dl ike the p re fe nt coffin s, wa s of fine tra nfpa re nt gla fs, o f a beautiful aquamarin ecolour, clear, and ornamented with five concentri c ra ife d circles, the di ametero f the ou te rmo lt five inches three quarters . Therewa s no appear ance of a p l aceof fe pu ltu re hereabouts ; but on di l igent fe a rch fe ve ra l human bones were found
Ge nt. Ma g. Vo l . Lll l. p .oz o. We eve r, Fun. Mon. p . 30. G e nt’s H id. of York. Additions.
Hutchin fon ‘l Northumb. l . 2 19.
To in n un. n M as c ot? ” it a /n o n e o rh oh pa bog 'l ’l’i vo l u fl M i a -k m; m m 11." 410: ll 7m n (why c oa l s , va n"; 70g "was5 u n o" I nd-0m" . Stra bo , XVl I. p , 546. Su e ton. Aug. 1 8. The (po t whe re Ale xa nde rwa s burie d a nd proba bly ha d ama u fo le um wa s ca lle d Some . 15mm , or Stma , i nput . Achi lle sTa tius V. ini t . Sut ton iul fa y l the corp s wa s bro ught outof a va u lt
, pme tra le , a nd in Ca lig. c. 5 3 . he ca lls it [ a uditorium Stra bo's word mom is a ny kin d of trough.Sut ton. Ca lig. c. 53 .
7 Die LIX. p.
between
[ x iv ]
between the road and the wood, but al l w ithout coil-
i ns: Itwas fup'
pofe d thatth is coffi n contai ned th e bod y i n p ick le, a s none of the bones i n i t or in thefield appeared to h ave been burn t . Mr .W i l l s gave the Society of Antiquariesa p ie ce o f the gl a fs contai n ing the five ci rcl es, Nov. 1 4 , 1 776 . and co nje étu re d;t hat th is interment happened in the reign o f Hen ry V I . at which t ime an idea
p revai led that human bodies migh t be p re fcrve d by (ome l iquid p reparat ion .
Another p i ece o f p l ate gl a fs was fen t me from the Roman fta tion o f Duntocher,i n Scot l and, wh ich I ex h ib ited to the fame focie ty. l have fiuce fe e ti , in the
hands o f Mi" . Shepperd o f Che fie rford'
, c. Eife x , two p ieces of th ick gl a fs, wh ichma y have been fe pu lchra l . The late Dr; Barnard o f W e the rsfie ld gave the So
'
cie ty a drawing of a l arge gl a fs urn found there.
The o lde ft in lta nce of woode n coffins on i e cord among us i s that of kingArthur, which wa s an lntire t runk o f o a k hol lowed, que rcu s ca v a tat he monk o f Gl a lte nbu ry cal l s fa rcopba gur ligfl em, a nd Lel a nd wi l l have to bean alde r (a lmu) as fitte lt to laf’t in wet This examp l e was imitated b y S irEdward De e ring,
‘
who died in ir'
eland,and was brough t over and buri ed at
Pluck ley in Kent .Between Wormle ighton and Stanton, e .W arwick, was found in a p i t a trunk
o f a tree hewn into a coffi n w ith bones i n it,and man y co in s p art icul a r l y of
Confia n tine 3.
The body found underKingba rrow, nearWa r'
eh a t'
h , 1 767, was d e pofite d i n a noak trunk, whofe outer di ameter was four feet, and i ts inner three feet . The bodywas wrap t i n p ieces of deer—(k ins, with th e hair on , cu rioufly (titche d together,and appeared to h ave been paired (e v e ra l t imes round th e body, and in fome p art sadhered to the wood . In themiddle of the wrapp er the bones were compre fl
'
e d
together i n a l ump, and cemented together w ith a glut inou s matt er, p erhaps themoliture o f the body and (k in s, and on opening y ie lded a vault- l ike fme l l . A
p i ece of what wa s . thought gold l ace, four inches long and two and a h alf broad,very much decayed, (tuck on the infide of the wrapper. Bits of wi re p l ainl yappeared on it. The bones found were one a rm, two thigh and blade-bones,the head o f the humerus, p art of the pel vi s, and fe ve ra l o f the ri bs . The fe l a fl:
would twift round the finger ; but no figns of the foul] . Near the South S altend was found a (mal l wooden v e fi
’
e l , much broken and compre ft, _h a tcht
w ith i rregular l ines, three inch es by two d i ameter, two deep , a nd two tenths ofan inch th ick 4
.
Gira ldus C ambr. in Spe culo e ccl e li a fl ico. All e rt. Artur. p. 4 5.3 Stu ke le y, l tin. l l . 2 1 .
Hu tchins's Dorfe t, l . 1 5 . One of Sir Chrl ltophe rWre n
’n a nce ll orl found in a n o ldwa ll a t Binche il e r, the Roma n
fta tion, a n e a rthe n urn , inc lo ling a woo de n one . Pre f. to P a re nta lia .
m
xlvi
This,with a large port ion o f the wrapper, i s i n my po ffe flion . There is no
pretence fo r thi s h aving been the body o f Edward the martyr, A . D . 97 S . but
it is h ighl yprobable that i t belonged to (ome pett y p ri nce or c ln e tta rn o t the
Saxon or Da n i lh t imes .King Edmund the martyr wa s found fre fh i n a wooden cofli n man y years
after his death, and a fragment o f i t kep t a t Thetford Th is however he
might get by fome p rior tra nfla tion .
Oiana filter o f king Ofre d h a d, i n Hove de n church, Y orkfli ire , a tomb o f
wood, tum/mI/gne a {rt/edit ma da mfupe r a ra m eminem
We have already feen that a rchbilh op Duoti an was found in a wooden coffincovered with lead with in and wi thout, and with in th is tW
'o leaden ones, the
inn e rmofi fuppo fe d the original a lmoft p e rifhe d . He died about -9 8 8 .
Era fmu s de fcribe s Beck et's { bri n e as a coffin o f wood covering one of gold.
He mu ft mean gilt pl a te ing3.
Mr.Strut t de fcribe s two wooden che fis, carved with female figu res on the l ids,
in the n iches o t the wal l o f Litt le Baddow church, Effe x , which through ageare fo much decayed, that the bones and rema i ns of the bodies are to be (een
u nder the cov ers 4 .
Geoff rey de Ma gn a vil le , who died fudde nly at Che fte r I 1 65 , wa s fa l te d anddone up in leather, then put up i n a firong fir coffin, and lb conveyed on a car
ria ge to W alden5.
Edward 1. wa s found i n a woo den coffin inclofe d i n a (tone one be fide s theouter {lone to
'
mb.
Alice Ha ckney, who die d in the reign o f Edward I I . or III. and o f whofe extra ordina ry p re fe rva tio n by and by, wa s found in a coffi n o f rotten timber.The marquis of Dorfer, before ment ioned, p . x l i i i, was buried in a wooden
coff i n, 1 5 3 2 .
In a moift fpungy ground, about two furlongs ofl’
W e lt Toftes in Grimf hoehundred, Norfolk, was found, i n 1 7 20, in mak ing a di tch to drain the grounds,an oak coffin ly ing S . E . 86 N . W . fi l led with water, and cont ain ing manybones , among wh ich were the r ude re pre fe nta tion of a face cut e ither in j et orL a n ca fh ire coal ; a blue cypher which looked as if i t had been fe t in a ring,fome blue i rregular beads, and a broken gold fe rril , which the workmen {aidh ad fl ip t o ff a fmai l p iece o f wood l ike a fma l l knitt ing fhe a th, p robabl y acrofs , but broken and ben t out right before Mr. B lomfie ld faw i t . Near th i s
p l ace is a p iece o f ground moated round, the fcite o f the chap el belongi ng to them a nfion houfe of Cati on -hal l 6.I n digging, 1 73 7 , in the churchyard o f Littl e Carbrook, in the fame
count y, which had been long de fe cra te d, there “'ere found a crofs , here re prefe nte d, fig. I . l a id over the coffin o f fome rel igious pe rfon buried here, mo (t
l ikel y one o f the knights o f St . john o f J e ru fa lem,to whom th e p l ace be
l onged. There were two ch ains, on which hung two j ewels, that on one tidebeing lofi.
I t i s to be fuppofe d, by the marks o f the bra-fs bofi
‘
e s on the crofs , that therewere formerl y rel ics under them, a n d th at i t wa s buri ed with h im on that a ccount, and poffibl y m ight h ave been fetch ed by the p arty himfe l f from theHoly Sep ulch re. The fi em o f i t was of oak 7
. I have cop ied Mr. B lomfie ld’
s
p rint, though l rather i ncl in e to bel ie ve thi s crofs wa switbin the coffin .
Blomficld’
s Norfolk , 1. 4 50.
Gira ld. C a mb. l tin . C a mb. l . c. l . p. 824 .
3 Go tl ling’l W a lk, a d e dit.
Horda Angle cyn'
mn, l . 109.
5 Re g. Wa lde n . Mon . Aug. 1. 4 5 1 .Blmu f. Norf. l . 547.
7 Blomf. I. 600.
x lvi i i
The old term for a wooden coffin is fuppo fe d to be Nqfitr or Na y/m, from
i ts re fembl a nce to a (h ip , called by the Franks Na u An ord inance of the Sa l tc
l a w forbids lay ing two bodies one Upon another in foch a recep tacl e : fl a t /3:
nofib o u t in pe tra , qu a : fv a/a e x ufu f a rco/sba g i dicuntur . The l aws o f ourk ing Henry I . c . 83 . forbid the digging u p a body l ai d in te rm ,
fv e/ noffo, w!
petra, f a bpe rm we !pyra mide , w/firufl um qua /Me t.” And Gregory of Tours ‘
fp e a k s of the bodies o f the faints as being “p a l/i; a c n a ufis ga mm a /a .
”
I t is no uncommon th ing to fe e i n old p a ri lh churches i n the count ry awooden box , with one or two l ids, with h inges, and fome time s a h a fp ,
"
e n do:
d‘
a ne ,in the form o f Florence wine cafes, which were u fe d a s biers to carry out
the poor dead who had no coffin but thei r winding theet. There is one, with a
frame a s o f a table and four legs, i n the old chapel or clo ifie r at the So u th end of
St . Alban’s South tra n fe pt. Dr. Kaye fa w another i n fome v a ult at Durham,
called St . Dunfia n’
s coffin , meaning p robabl y St . Cuthbert’s.
The Duke of York’s coffin at Monaco wa s of a fingul a r form, l ike an oblo ngcheft.
From the fe ve ra l materi al s i n which bodies were a ntie ntlly de pofite d, I p roceedto take a v iew o f thofe in which they were wra p t or (hroud e d.
Edward the Confe fi’
or’s body being di(i u rbe d th irt y-fix years after its i nter
ment, on a difpute i n the convent about the incorruptibzh’
ly of ibe v irgin 5 King,wa s
'
found in p erfect p re fe rva tion . This tra nfa él ion ma y be comp ared to thev iew which certai n curious Antiquar ies took o f his n ame fa k e 700 years after,on a diff erent mot ive . W e ma y be fure the Monks were to be gainers by theexamination , and to make the mo lt o f the mi racl e. Our modern examin ers wereanimated by the more l audable motive of deciding a poin t o f h iftorica l record,and inqui ring into the mode o f interment th at then p revai led . On a fe t day theabbot
,with the whole
‘ convent and the bifli op of Roche fte r, having taken offthe ftone , were agreeabl y en tertai ned with a fragran t odour of fp ice s . Afterremoving the mantl e 6 which inve lo pe d the hol y l imbs, they p roceeded to examine the other orn aments a nd v e ftme nts, and found every thing fo l id and i n
perfect p re fe rva tion, the l imbs capable o f being extended, the fingers flexible,the joints difi ingu ifh a ble , and every p art f ound and i n i ts original vigou r, th efie flt inti re and wh ite as at firft ; and the bi lhop , who al one ventured to h andleh is beard, found it ret ai ned its origi nal white ne fs and adherence to the face, fothat he could not carry off a fingl e hair . Having fa tisfie d thei r cu riofity, theywrapt u p the corpfe in a n ewman t le (for the old one was too p recious to be
p arted with), and p l aced him again fa fe l y i n h i s old apartment 7. AbbotLaurence made three copes o f the three wrapp ers o f his body
8
, and i t was rewrap t i n «v eyi imemo bol a/e u ro, in a wa i nfcot ch e fl. Accordingly Taylor
,in 1 68 8 ,
drew out p ieces of gold - coloured and-flowe re d fi lk .
Du C a nge in voe . If the true origina l name o f the One nigbt’: work. or monume nt in form of a fh ip , in the
county o f Louth, could be a fce rta ine d, a nd de rive d from Na or'
, which lignifie t a [Mp in Irifh , one might fuppofe itfe p
a
ulchra l . Se e Ma jor Va l la nce y’s conje c‘t ure s on it in Co l le a a ne a Hibe rnie z , Vo l . III . N° X. p. 3 08.
Tit. r7 . 5 t .
He ro ldus 5 4 re a dn in qf a , bu t tit . 57, 5 4 . we ha ve na uf a . Mura tori, Script. Ita l. I . pa rt a , fa yl , a copy of the fela ws a t Ell e re a ds rufu s, which Cha rpe n tie r thinks fuits be tte rwith fa rcopha gu l . But the othe r infla noe s a re a ga in(tthis a lte ra tionwhe the r nofi
'
ur re fe rs to wood o r not.
De glo ria confclf orum.
Bromton , p . 909, te l lq a ple a fa nr fl ory of C a nute ’u incre dulity a bout the fa nfl ity of St. Edith: a t Wilton , the
d a ughte r of fut h a n a mo rous fa the r a s Edga r. Arc hbilh op Ethe lno th, to con fute him, ope ne d he r tomb, a nd the de .cca fe d virgin (l a t
-ting up , flew in the K ing’s fa ce . C ingu lo te nps fe e rige na in contuma ce m re gem impe tum fa ce re
vifa e fl . I fuppofe the wa s drie d, a nd flewup on a touch.
Pa l/f lun
7 ba la mo. Alure d Rie va l inte r X Scripto re s , p. 408.
7m ra pa j bruda uu dc rribm pa nni in guit a r 8 . Edwa rdu: requicv ir. Fle te in Da rt I. 53.
t nix 1“
Gonfta nce wife of Alan Fe rga nt; 16 90, wa s foundbLi ried i n lea ther,'
on open»
ing her tomb at Melai ne, 167 2
Hugh de Gre ntme fne l, 1 094 , Wa s fa lte d, a'
nd wrap t up i n a h ide, a nd
buried at St . Ebru l fHugh Lupus, who died 1 t o t , Wa s found in h i s {tone cofii n in Chelter ch ap
te rho u fe , 1 7 1 4 ; his bo nes bare of fl e Ih, bu t wrap t up i n gi lt l eather, and
h is ancles t ied together with a fi ring. The (tone i n form of a T with hi s cre fl:and dev ice, which fe rve d to diitingu ifh the p l ace of his interment i s now fixedover the doo r with in ’
.
The Empre fs Maud, daughter of Henry I . wa s buried i n Be'
c abbey, Whereher corpfe wa s found wrap t u p in an ox
’s h ide 4 .
Henry I . I r 3 5 , was ga fh e d and fa lte d, and fewe d up in a bul l’s ik i n 5, afret
‘
h is bowel s,tongue
,heart
,eyes
,and brains, were t a ken out How awkward l y,
fe e Matthew Paris 7.Corpus He n n
’
ci I . a l l a tum e f’t Rothoma gum, 8: ibi vifce ra ejus Sc cerebrum8c ocul i confe pu lta funt : re l iqu um autem corpus cu lte l l is c ircumquaque d iiTe caturn , Sc fit} multo fale a fp e rfum coriis t aurin i s reconditum e ll: 8; con fu tum,
ca u fa foa toris e vit a ndi, qui mu l tus Sc infinitus jam circumfia nte s inficie ba t,
unde 8cmedi cus ip fe qu i magno p re tio conduétu s fe curi caput ejus difiide ra t
u t t'
te tidiffimum cerebrum e x tra h e re t, qu amv is l inte a min ibus caput fuum obvol
v ifI'
e t mortuus l amen e a Ca u fa pre tio male ga v ifus e ft. l nde vero corpus t egium C a domumfu i deporta ve ru nt, ub i dum d iu in e ccle fi a pofitum in qua pater
ejus fe pu ltu s erat, qu amvis multo fale re p l e tum d i et, 8: multi s coriis re condia5‘ tum, t a me n cont inue ex corpore n iger humor 8: horribi l is cori a p ertran
fie ns de cu rre ba t, 8e vai ls fubpofitis fub feretro fufce ptus a min iftris horrorefa tifce ntibu s a bjicie ba tu r
Prince Hen ry,fon of Henry I . Wa s done up i n lead and bull s
’ hi desLel and ment io ns a corpfe wrap t u p in a bul l
’ s h ide, l atel y t aken up in
Glouce fte r cathedral, which a monk told h im was a Cou n te fs of Pembroke. It
l a y at the head of Edward 11. under an arch where Malverne, al i as Parker,l ate abbot
, made himfe lf a chapel to be buried in .
”
Robert de Fe rra rs, founder o f Merivale abbey, c.W arwi ck, Wa s buried there
in an ox -h ide, in the reign of Hen ry I I.
Ge ofl'
ry deMa gn a vil l e , who died fudde nly 1 1 6 5 , at Che fte r , was fa l te d a nd
done u p in leath er ; then pu t u p in a (trong fir coffin covered with ta p e firy, a nd
fo conve yed on a carri age to W aldenOn digging a grave at th e Weft end of Lincol n minfie r, 1 74 1 , they found
a corpfe fewe d u p i n a firong t anned leather hide, th e fe am runn ing u p the
middle of the bre a ft . Maurice Johnfon , who gave an account o f i t to theSociety of Antiquaries, fuppofe d i t that of W alter De inoourt, or hi s fon W il l i am,
buried here in the I 1 th cen tu ry,whofe epit aph on a p l ate of lea dwa s found 1 670This chu rch wa s bui l t about the time of the Norman oonqu
'
efi by Remigius,
Lobine a u , t. I . l. 3 . e . n o. p . 104.
Orde ricu a Vit a lis , p . Dugd . Ba r. I . 4 1 5.Pe nn a nt
’
nW a le s, I . t 79:
B uca re l l Ang. Norm. Ant. p . 89. Hill . of Dec. p t 99.
Po lye hr. VI I. f. 28 2 .
Robe rt of G loce lle r, p . 3 19. in Sa ndf. a'
7s
R 73. Mo
Hove de n , p . 276.
l b. p . 3 54 .
It . IV . t 7z . a .
C a mde n. Brit. Wa rw. Dugd. Wa rw. l ogo. B a r. I. 259.
Re g.Wa lde n. Mon. Ang. I. 4 5 1.'3 Se c Dugd. Ba r. 1. 386.
who, i n obed ie nce to a canon of 1 076, removed his e pifcop a l fe e from DorA
chelter h ither, and here l aid the foundat ion of h is cathedral, under the p r0te c>
tion of the catt l e, and in the cap i ta l c i ty o f his dioce fe , in 108 8 . He had an ear relat ion
, W alter lord De incourt, who had a large e ll a te in th is p art of Engl and
,and fe ve nte e n lord lh ip s in Lindfe y, whereof Bl ankney (afterwards lord
W iddrington’s) wa s one, and his ch ief feat, not fa r from Lincoln . This might
be the fe p u lchre e ither of him, or o f his (on W i l l i am, who, fro m the infa i ption beforementioned, which was taken out of h is fe pu lchre ,
‘
near, if not in,
th is tomb about 1 670, and is fil l l to be feen in the dean and chap ter’s l ibrar y
at Lincoln,appe ars to have been buri ed there. G i lbert de Grant, earl o f Lin
coln,and confi able o f Lincoln cattl e, a nd h is ifi
'
ue , were buried at Bardneyabbey
,which he refounded or re ltore d, not fa r from Lincoln, and whereof the y
were p atronsThe beauteous Rofamond Cl ifford was clol
'
e d u p i n leather Wood fays , afterthe removal of her corpfe from the church at Godl
’tow i nto the churchyard or
ch a pte rhou l'
e , by order o f Hugh bilhop o f Lincoln, her fle lh being quite p e
rilhed, th e chalt fi ll ers pu t al l her bones in a perfumed l e the r bagge, whichbagg they e nclofe d in lead, and l aid them a ga ine , with her {l one cofii n , i n thechurch, under a large grave fion e , on which lton e , as it i s l a id , was engraven,Hie ja oe r, E a
The corpfe of the l ady of S ir W il l iam Tru lI'
e l , founder of Shotte lbrook col
l ege, 1 3 3 7 , wa s to be feen there done up in l eather th rough th e wall of the
Nort h tra n fe pt4.
I n the South ai le of the choir of Ely min lte r, i n the l ate rep ai rs, were found,as Mr. Effe x informed me , fe v e ra l leather fragments about a body which ma yhave been that of Edward Tip toft earl of Woroe li e r, buried here 3 R ichard I I I.The body of James III. o f Scotl and, who wa s fl ain at the fiege of Roxburgh ,
was (aid to be found wrap t in a bul l’s h ide, in the ca ltl e ot
'
Rox burgh, in Cromwell’s time 5 .A lk e l e ton, wrap t in red leather, covered with lead, and a fort ~
of coronet onits head, was found a foot under ground, in Moulton church , Lincolnlhire , onnewp aving the choir
6.
Apol lonius Rhodiu s I I I. 206. S c l ia n Va r . H i ll . IV. c. 1 . mention, that th eColch ians few the corp s of thei r de ce a fe d relati ons in the raw hides of oxen
,
and hang them up by a chain in the a ir .
I n a tomb opened on cleari ng the fite of Tyntern abbey was found a bod yint ire, with leather bulkin s and buttons on h is coat, which a l l crumbled awayon touching, as I wa s told, 1 761 . See a l ike inlta n ce at Tewklbury, p . xxxv i i .On digging the foundat ion of a new room at Mr. Strut’s feat at Horton
p riory l arge quan ti t ies of human bones were found, and fe ve ra l bodies buried inboots and fpurs 7
.
Mr. Peck gives an a cco un t of a body found in a {tone cofli n, in th e Southai le of Southwell minll e r, 1 7 1 7, dre li in cloth of filve r till
'
ue , with leatherboots, a w a nd by his fide , and on his bre a lt fome thing l ike the cover of a hlve rcup , with an acorn or bu nch of l eaves on it s top . He fuppofe d th is one of the
Ex tra a of a l e ttcr from toWil lia m Bo da ni El cone e rnin a n e x tra ordina te rme nta t the Socie ty of An tiqua rie s , 061. 8, 174 1. Printed in An t
fz ologia ,
qI. p. 3 1.
g ry m u “
Se e be fore , 9. x i ii.3 Wood‘ MS. note s on Godll ow, in Alhmole a nMufe um.
H e a rne't Le t te r on Antiqu itie s be twe e n Windfor a ndOxford. p.M.
Abe rcrombie '.Ma n ia l Atchie veme ntt, I I. 5 37.Spa ld ing Socie ty Minute n.
7 Hutchint'Dotl e t, 11. 88.Defid. Cur. book VI. N° 17.
ma y of Caui , refe rring to that fami l y i n DugdAIels Itrather fée
'
mdto have been forn e rel igiou s, with the chal i ce and
'
crofie r.
On mak ing a vau lt for Mr. C a lcra ft i n 1 76 i n St. Mary’s church, at W a r;
h am, which had been the p riory chur ch, a great number of bones were foundunder the altar, and a body in a coffin with gloves on i t s h a nds and a beltround its wai l} , fuppo l
'e d a woman, but more p robabl y a p rior
“
. Th e l e wereal l buried in the ya rd
,but many bonc
'
s wheeled wi th the gravel to Stow:
borough ca ufeWa ytThe foll owing a ccount of the fune ra l of WI LLI AMtwe‘
nty—‘
fe corid abbot of St ‘
Alban ’s, wh’
o died 1 a 3 5 , ta ken fromMatthewPa rl'
s (vit. a b. 8 .Al b;1'
ma y ferveto fhewthe p ra ct ice on thofe occa finns, before the counci l of Lateran . Corpus
e qu idem cum i n camera abbat i s ubi obi i t e x amin a re tur e x u tum e lt 85 lotum ; 8c
n ifidie antecedente p roxima rafus non e x titilfe t ut ique ra d e re tu r coron a 8c barbaejus . De inde intromill i s non utique omn ibus fed m a tu ris 8c difcre tis fra tribus
8: uno folo miniltro fe cul a ri, viz . miniltro fa crilta e qui ofiicium a n a tomiae pe ra c;
turtl s erat, inci l i one corp us apertum e ll a tra chia ufqu e ad'
occidu am co rpori s
partem; 8e qui cqu'
id in corpo re re p e rtum e ll in qu a d am cun a re po l i tum e ll {a le
ennfp e rfum, a t i n ca emite n’
o non procu l a b a l tare S. Stephan i ve ne ra nte r cumbe ne diétionibu s Sc pfa lmorum de vo tione e ll: huma tum; ubi proce ll
'
u temporistumbula marmorea e x titit a d a pta ta . Corpus autem interi us aceto lotum Sr.
imbu tum 8cmulto fale re fp e rl'
um Se re futum. Et hoc l i c faétum e lt cire umd
fpe Ete se prude nte r n e corpus p e r t riduum 8c ampl iu s re fe rva ndum te tru ni
a l iquem odorem ol fa ci e n tibu s ge ne ra re t, 8c corpus tumul a ndum contreé‘
ta ntibus
a l iquod offe ndicu l um p re fe nta re t. Port a ba tur co rpus a camera qu e dicitur
abbat i s ubi e x pir a ve ra t i n infirma ria m ; 8c ibidem ponti fi cal ibus e lt indutum:mi tr a cap i t i a ppo l i tum, ma n ibus chinothe a e cum a nnul o 8c dextro fub brachio bacul us confue tus, ma nibus ca nce l l a tis, fa nda li a in pedibus de ce nte t‘
a pta ta . Et de pofito coope nculo a feretro, po l i tum e lt corpu s fupe r il lud, 8c fa fciis caute liga tum n e ca de re t cum porta re tu r emlu tum; prol a tum e lt a l avatorioubi h a ec p a raba ntur ante o ltium infirma ria e
, 8cdemilfum cit ficu t corpo ra a li
orum mortuorum, 8c loco in e od em, donec pro e o fien t pro al io fratre'
de funétd
confue tea co l le é'
tae dice re ntur cumprae diéh'
s vii pfa l rn is pe nite ntia l ibus 8c om“
n ibu s qua e fe cu ndum confu e tudin em dici de bu it dum coe s orna re tur. Pu l l‘
a t‘
o‘
igi tu r fol lemni cl a ll i co de porta tum e lt corpus in e ccl e l i a m fe qu e nte conve ntu;
8L pfa l l e nte confu e ta , 8c i l l ico vidente toto co nve ntu se quol ibet introduéto con
fra étum e ft l igil lum abbat i s uno mart e ll o fupe r unum gra du lrm l a pideorumantemaj us alt a re, it a u t tot a ce l a tum ima gin is fcil . 8e li te ra mm de l e re tur. Ex;
i nde non de fu it pfa lmodia die a c noéte fo l emn is 8c a ll i dtJ a 85 ad majus a l ta récotidie mifi
'
a fo l emn is l icut lolet fie ri pro fratre mortuo prima e x i lte nte in alb isfi8c qu i chorum te ne ba nt i n ca p is, a cce nfis cercis quamplurimis ; 8e l ic ufquein diem ve ne ra bil e s e x e qu iae continu a ba ntur. Fratres intima de votione prtitanti p a ltoris an ima 8: pfa l l e ba nt St mifl
'
a s quotidie"
corpore a dhuc inhuma toce l e bra ba nt. Voca vimu s igitur amicum noltrum l
'
p eci a l em, a bbzi tem fcil . tie
W al th am, H e nricum nomi ne; u t fa né‘
tus ad fa ntiti corpus t'
umul a ridum venirecharitat is 8r vicin ita tis int uitu non omitte re t. Et ipfe abbas pontifica libu s redia
mi tus, corpus p‘
ontifica l ibu s fimilite r a dom a tum, baculo al terato; folemnite t‘
v alde toto a lii lte nte co nve ntu ve ltito in me dic ca p i tulo tumul a vit.”
A l imil a r a ccoun t is gi ven of the bur i al of john Wodnylburgh, prior ofChrilt Church, Canterbu ry, Feb. 29, 1 4 2 8 .
“Mortuo igitur prediéto vene
ra bili p atr e corpus eju s p e r cu ltode s camere th e e x in tegro lotum 8: munda tume lt , 8c barba eju s ra fa. De inde fiamino fami liari, botis, c a l lgi s, 8c cu cull a e x
i ntegro tot ali t er novus ve ltitus se indutus e ll . Pofie a amiétu, alba , cingu lo,da l
'5 dalmat ica, fa nda l iis 8c p l aneta re ve lii tu s, 8e mitra tus, tenens i n manu ba cds
l um p a ltora l e ,i n cape l l a prioris, fic in fu l a tu s, apert a facie de mane decenter
col loca tum e lt, ubi e x e qu ie mo rtuorum 8c mi ll'
a de requiem pro e o
When the Workmen were e re éi ing the n ew fcre e n at Glouce fte r choir, 1 74 1 ,
they found in the p a fi'
a ge three a bba ts, buried near the fu rfa ce of the ground,i n lione cofli n s, in pontifica libur, p art of thei r gloves and apparel remain ing.
Another lione coffin , with a (word, a l itt le p ewter chal ice, and a lta lf ; two
fcu l ls i n i t, which I fuppo l'
e belonged to Si r R ichard Gamage and wife,buried near h is brother
,abbot Gamage, who wa s l aid near the door op en ing
to the cloi l’te rs , a nd p robabl y wa s one o f the three then found, and a l l buriedagain where they were found. Before this al teration there were five otherl arge
gra ve ltone s found
,robbed of thei r bra fi
’
e s, three o f which belonged to
fome of the abbotsAbbot C rok e ll e y, buried in We ltminl
'
te r abbey, 1 a 5 8 , was d ifcove re d, i n the
t ime o f Henry VI . firm and fre lh, i n h is mal s habi t3.
Abbot Eltne y, who died 14 98 , and wa s buried in the South l i de of St . John’s
chapel there
,was found, in digging near his tomb 1 70 2 , int i re, clo a the d i n
crimlon hlk , in a large cofii n l in ed with lead, th e l id of which wa s careful l y
clo l e d again, and the body lef t untouched4.
St . Dun li a n, i n h is po ntifica l s ; fe e before, p . x l .
I n ra nfa ck ing St . Paul’s cathedral, fe ve ra l bilhop s of London were found l y ing
i n thei r p roper habits, with mit res on their heads a nd cro l i e rs i n thei r hands5.
In n ew p av ing the great North tra nfe pt of Lincoln minti er, 1 7 8 2 , a bodvwas found wrap t i n a dre fs which came no lower than the knees, where itended in a fort o f rol l l ike that o f a rol l-up fl ock ing, and was wrap t abou tthe th ighs lo a s to leave the {pace between them Op en . The hands and headwere wra p t u p in i t . I t appeared to be made o f fa ttin, or a fluff l ike corde roy.
The face, or at leali p art of i t, wa s covered by i t, though by the fal l or lhrinking o f the neck from the ra ife d p art o f the ftone coffin , on wh ich th e headorigin al l y l ay about three inches higher than the bottom of the other p art of
the coffin, which was a foot deep, the lower p ar t o f the jaw, 8 m. appeared tohave been difp l a ce d, and the dre fs perhaps removed by the fame means ; or it
ma y have formed a fort of ruff, or fal l ing col lar, or cap e, from the i nner
part of the dre fs, as i t appeared of a different and fine fpe cie s of ftu ff. Therewas be l ide s a kind of fia nding u p col l ar or border, vil ibl e i n p art of the drawing,round the upper p art of which appears to be a diff erent p art o f the dre fs, ove rwhich th is other fpre a d. The grain of the ltulf wa s fine, and on a nearer v iewthere fceme d a diEe re nce be twe e n the two li des, the thr eads being ba re and morev i l ible on one l i de than the other, as if the materi als had been of the velvet kind.The p l ate annexed re pre fe nts i t very accuratel y i n thi s re fp e é
'
t. The {tone thatformed the cover, though n ine inches th i ck, the crofs and lines or ribs of wh ichare here re pre fe nte d, had been broken towards the bottom,
and the du ll , 8cc .h a d got i n there, and co vered the remain ing bones of the legs
,excep t lo f a r
as marked in the p ri nt of the le ft l eg . The head was enti rel y reduced to thatfort of appearance wh ich a decayed pyrites has, a p urp l e k ind o f albes, with awhite e fflore fce nce i n i t, and when it wa s firlt l aid open there was a firongp itch y or bituminous fme l l from i t . There was li tt le appearance of mo ilturein the coffin, though it l ay in a p art which ha s occa lion a l ly be en ove rflowe d i n
Re g. Mu l a lh . 6 He n. VI. in Pe ck'c De lid. Cur. VII. IV. p . 245. a t e x emp l . MS. P. Le Neve Norroy,
pe ne r e ditorem.
Rudde r's Gloc. p. 175.3, D a rt't Wefimiu ll cr a bbe y, l l . xxiv.
Widmore , p . ” 9. e x Ba ttcley’s Coll. MSS.
Dugd a le'r St. Pa ul
’
s , p . 4 8.
7
[ l i v ]
The body o f Thomas Thirlby, bilhop o f Ely, who was deprived o f his fe e by
a ft of p arli ament, 1 5 5 9, and dy ing in confinement at Lambeth , 1 5 70 , wa s
buried in the middle o f the chance l o f the pa ri lh church there, wa s found on
mak ing a grave for the lat e a rchbilhop Cornwal l is. H is l eaden coffin had al l theappearance o f having never bee n covered wi th wood, the earth around i t being
perfectl y dry a nd crumbl y. It wa s fix feet four inches long, eighteen inchesbroad, and eight inches and a half deep . The corpfe was wrap t i n fine l inen ,wa s moilt, and had evident l y been pre fe rve d i n fome fort o f p ick le, which itil l
retained a volat i le fme l l , no t un like that o f h a rtlhorn . The fle lh wa s p re fe rve dand had the appeara nce o f a mummy, the facewa s perfect, and the l imbs flexible,the be ard o f a re markable l ength, and beautiful ly whi te. The linen and wool
l e n garments were al l wel l pre fe rv ed . The ca p, whi ch was o f filk, adorned
with p oin t l ace , had pr obabl y been black , but the colour was difcha rgcd . l t
was in fa lh ion l ike th at re pre fe nte d i n the p ia ntes o f a rchbi lhop ju x on : Th e
hat a ll ouche d one, _
with fi rings to i t, which wa s under the left a rm, Wa s o f the
fame materi als as are u fe d at pre fe nt, but the crown wa s fewe d i n . I t l ay by the
ti de o f the body, as d id the ltock ings, made o f white worlte d with green feet .
Great ca re wa s ta ken that every thi ngwa s p roperly rep l a ced in the coffin, and the
remain s o f a rchbilh op Cornwal l is were de po l i te d i n the fame vaultR al ph Thore fby ha d a fort of mummy found at or near (Shelter, gi ven him
by Henry Pre fco t, e fq. Whether from the n ature o f the foi l where it wa s foundor by embalm ing he had not he ard : but fome ground he obfe rve s i s o f fuch an ature, and pa rt icu larl y a fandy de fe rt i n Africa, that human bod ies l aid i n thefame, do not in the leali corrup t, but be come l ike mummie sWhen St. john
’s chu rch a t Dunwich wa s tak en down, on rai ling and takingu p a p lain fai r gra ve ltonc
'
in the chancel, next under i t wa s a gr eat hol low(tone, hol lowed after the fa fh ion o f a ma n, for a ma n to l ie i n, and thereina m a n l y ing, with a p ai r o f boots on h is l egs, the fore part of them p ick edafter a li ra nge fa lli ion, and a pair o f ch a l ices 3, o f co a rfe met al, ly ing on h isbread ; which wa s thought to be one o f the bilhops
'
o f Dunwich ; but whenthey touched and li irre d the fame dead bod y i t fell, and went a ll to powderand du llKing John W a s , by hi s own del ire, buried in a monk
’s cowl, and is fuppofe dto l i e i n a leade n coffin, whichwa s difcove re d, but not opened, under h i s mo
h ument 5 .
R ichard Peche bilhop ,o f Coventry and Litchfie ld wa s buri ed t r 8 2 , in the
habit o f a canon regu lar, i n the convent o f St. Thomas at Stra tford6.
I n the chance l at Ick leford, c. Herts, wa s t aken u p, about thebeginn i ng ofth is ce ntu ry, a lione cofli n, i n which fome p e rfon h a d been bu ried i n his habit,proba bl y a monk . The foles of his (hoes were remaining, and a p iece of
l ea ther about eight inche s long, wi th gil ding on one fide , perhap s one o f the
infigni a of his order or h i s fami l y 7.On repai ring Worce lte r cathedra l, 1 7 5 2 , on tak ing off the top o f a tomb,
the i nfe ription o f which wa s obl iterat ed, except the date, 1 2 96, the boneswere found firm, molt o f them adhering together i n th e fame po ltu re as wheni nte rre d, a nd about th e fcu ll and lhou lde rs a ppeared fome thing l ike a coa rfe
fa cking or la ck-c loth, very fre lh
Ge n t. Ma g. LIII. p. 1 79. Duc . Le od. p. 4 30.We e ve r. p .
250: P 37Mon . Aug. I l l . p. n o .
Sa lmon , He rtz . p . 1 74 .
Dcfcrip tiun of Engla nd, X. 94 .
4
3 Or ra ther a cha lice a nd pa ttern.
iv 1“
l n'
1 6 5 3 , i n mak ing a grave n e ar th e altar in Sherborn e church , a grave {tonewa s removed, and under i t was found, i n a {tone coffi n, a bod y cloa the d i nrobes o f purp le coloured cloth , with a crofie r ly ing by i t : the robes and cro fi e rwere taken away
,and the corp fe rei nterred . The infcription on th e grav e
(tone wa s i l legible I t p robabl y belonged to fome abbot o f th i s hou fe .
The fame year p roduced the remarkable difco i/e ry of Childe ric’s remai ns at
Tourn ay,'
o f which hereafter.I n 1 674 was found deep under ground in the ifle of Athelney, a tomb
wherein was a fcu l l, fome bones, earth, and dufi, And fome clo a thing, o f whichMr. Pa fch a l (cu t a fragment to Mr . Aubrey This wa s p robabl y fome abbo t ofth i s Mona fie ry.
On mak ing a vaul t for Mr. C a lcra ft, i n 1 76 i n St . Mary’s church , at W a r
h a m,which had been the p riory church, a great number o f bones were found
under the altar, and a bod y in a coffi n with gloves on it s hands and a be ltround its wa ifi; fuppo fe d a woman , but more p robabl y a p rior. The fe wereal l buried i n the yard, but man y bones wheeled wit h the gravel to Stowborough ca u fewa y.King Ethe lbert‘s bod y, on it s removal from the ri ver Lugg, i n to wh ich h i s
murderers h ad thrown it, was wrapt in royal fine l inen, and conveyed toFern l ey
,i n a fma ll carriage . Sindone rega li {fl e a /mum in quoa
'a m curricul a
a rm/gruntThe body of Sebba, one of our Saxon k ings, wa s found i n St . Paul’s, curioufly
embalmed with fwe e t odours, and clothed in rich robesOn l ift ing u p the l id of Edward the Firlt’
s coffin the royal oorpfe wa s foundwrapped u p with in a large fqua re mantle, of firong, co a rfe , and thick li nen cloth ,d ia pe r
’
d, o f a dul l, p ale, ye l lowifh brown colour, and waxed on its under
fide .
The he a d and face were enti rely covered wi th a f a da ria m, or face-cloth , of
crimfon fa rce n e t, th e fubfta nce whereof was fo much p e rifhe d as to have acobweb- like feel , and the app earance of fine l i nt . This fuda rium was formedi n to three folds , p robabl y i n imit ation of the napkin wherewith ou r Sav iou r i s
{aid to h ave wip ed h i s face when led to h is crucifixion , and which the Romifhchurch pofitive l y a fl
'
ure s us oonfilte d of the l ike number of folds, on each of
which the re fembl a nce of his countenance was then infia n tly impre fl'
e d .
When the folds of the extern al wrapper were thrown'back, and the f a da ria m
removed , th e cor-p fe wa s difcove re d ri ch l y h abi ted, adorn ed with e nfigns o f
royalt y, a nd a lmofi in ti re, notwithfia nding the l ength o f time that it had beenentombed .
l ts inn e rmofi coveri ng fe emed to h ave been a very fine l inen cerecloth , dre fl'
e d
cl ofe to every p art o f the bod y, and fupe rinduced with foch accuracy and exac't
nefs, that the fingers and thumbs o f both the h ands had each of them a fe p a ra teand di ltinét envelope o f that material . The face, which had a fimil a r coveri ngclo fe ly fitte d thereto, ret ai ned its ex act form, al though p art o f the fle fh a p
p e a re d t o be fomewh a t wa ite d .
Next above the before-mentioned cerecloth wa s a dalmat ic, or tunic, o f redh lk d ama fk ; upon which l a y a hol e of th ick wh ite tifl
'
ue , about t hree inchesi n bre a dth , . crofl
'
e d ove r the bread , and extend ing on each -fide downwards,
nearl y a s low as the Wrilt , where both ends were brought to crofs each other.On th i s fiol e were p l a ced, at about the dilta ncc o f fix inches from each other
,
quat refoil s of .phill igre e-work in met al gi l t with gold, elegan t l y chafed i n
Hutchim’ Dorfe l , II. 38 1 . Aubrcy'l Mil
’
ce l l a nie s, i 7 i 4 , p , 54.
‘
3 Bre nn a n , 9 , 75 3 , Dugda le ': St. Pa ul's , p. 4 8.
[ l v i ]
figu re, a nd o rn a me nte d with fi ve p ieces o f beau t i fu l tra n fp a re nt gl ais, or patio,fome cu t, a nd others rough , {kt in ra ife d lockers . The l a rge lt o f the l e p i ece sis in
'the cen t re o f the qtta tre fo il ; a nd each o f the other fou r i s fixed n ear tothe ang l e : (0 that al l o f them together form the figu re o f a qu incu nx . Th e
fa lfe fton e s d iff e r in colou r. Some are ruby ; others a deep a me thyi’t : ibme
again are fa pph ire ; others white ; a nd (ome a fky-blu e .The in terva l s between the qu at refoils on the fio l e are powdered wi th a n im
me n l'
e qu ant it y of very fma l l whi te beads, re fe mbl ing pearl s dri l led, a nd
t acked down very near each other, (0 as to compo fe a n embroidery o f mo (t e le
gan t form, a nd not mu ch u n l ike th at which is common l y cal led, The True
lover’s Knot . The fe beads, or p earls, are al l o f the fame fiz e ,'
a nd equ al tothat o f the l a rge fi p in
’s head , They are of a fhi ning, filve r—white hu e ; bu t
not fo pe l lucid as necklace-beads a nd mock-pearl s u fu a l ly are.Over the fe habits is the royal mant l e, or pal l , o f rich crimfon fa ttin , {a fie n e d
on the left fhou lde r with a magn ificen tfibu la o f metal gi l t with gold, a nd com
pofe d o f two joints p inned together by a moveabl e a rm, a nd re fe rnbl ing a cro fsgarn et h inge. Thisfiéu/a is fou r inches in length, rich ly chafed, a nd orn ame nte d wi th fou r p ieces of red , a nd fou r o f bl u e tr a n fp a re nt p a fte , fimil a r tothofe o n the qu atrefoi l s, a nd twen t y-two beads or mock-p earl s . Each o f the fe
p a fie s a nd mock-p earls is fe t in a ra ife d a nd chafed fock e t. The head o f thea rm is formed by a long p iece of u ncu t tra nfp a re nt blu e p a fie , f ha p e d l ike a nacorn , a nd fi x ed in a chafed fock e t.The lower join t o f th isfibula appears to be conn ec
'ted wi th the Role, as wel laswith the chlamys fo that the u pper p art o f each of the l app et s or fira p s o f thefiol e being thereby brought near l y in to con ta étwi th the edge of the royal ma n
t l e, thofe (trap s form, [
in app earance, a gu ard or border thereto .
The corpfe , from the waift downward, is covered wi th a large p i ece o f richfigu red c loth o f gold, wh ich l ies loofe over the lower p art of the tu n ic, th ighs,l egs, a nd feet, a nd i s tucked down behind the foles o f the l atter. There didn ot remain a ny appearance of gloves : bu t on the back of each hand, a nd ju il:below the knuckle of the middle finger, l ies a qu atrefoil, of the fame metal astho fe on th e fiol e , a nd l ike them orn amen ted wi th five p ieces o f tra n fp a re ntp a fie ; with th is d iff erence, however, that the centre-piece in each qu atrefoi li s l arger, a nd fe emingly of a more beau t ifu l blu e, th an thofe on a ny of thequ atrefoi l s on the fiole .
The feet, with the toes , foles, a nd hee l s, fe eme d to be pe rfe étl y in t i re ;bu twhether they have fa nda l s on them i s u ncert ain , as the cloth tucked overthem wa s not removedThe p rince fs Joan , wif e of Edward the Black Prince , dying atW al lingford,
9 Richard H; wa s wra p t in cerec loth, a nd being pu t in lead, wa s kep t t i l l thek ing her {e n’
s -return from Scot land, when fh e wa s buried at the Grey- friars,Stamfo rd 3
.
El i zabeth Tu dor, fe cond daughter of Hen ry VII. wa s cered by the wa xcba nd/e r ‘
.
The corpfe of p rinceArthu r wa s coy/ed, wel l cered, a nd con ven i en t l y drefi’
e dwith fp ice s, a nd other fwe e t Ruff. This wa s fo fufiicie ntl y done that i t needednot lead, butwa s ohefie d 5 .
Seve ra l of the ge ntle me n prere nt a t op e ning the coffin thought them to be re a l fe e d pe a rls ; but a ll of them be ingu a fily o t
'
the fa me fiz e , hue , a nd (l i a pe , mil ita te s a ga in (t tha t op in ion.
W a l li ngha m, Hi ll . Ang. p. 3 16.Arche o l . [I] . 380—38 5 .
D a rt't We fim. Abb. Vo l . I I. p . 1 8 .In te rme nt of prince Arthur, prin te d a t the endof Le l a nd’
o Colle a a nea , 1770. V, 374.
lvu
in a MS. céi emdhia l (if the fun e ral o f qu een Mary, daughtero f Hie nry Vi llai n the College o f Arms 'we are told that
,after her depar tu re th e wa s pe nfléd
by the lords o f the cou nci l a nd l a dycs of the re a lme , a nd after opened , ce re d,a nd fl a me/led in thi s manner . Firti he r Grace’s phyficia n, with the fu rge ons,d id open her, a nd take ou t al l her bowels, wi th he r heart ; then the c lerk of tbe
fp ice ry, wi th the office rs of tbe cba undry , came a nd ce re d the ( a id royal corp fewith l inen c loth wa x ed, a nd wi th a number of fp ie e s very cofily. After whicht he co rp fe wa s cofl
'
e n e d, a nd then the fe ige a nt p lumber inclofe d the fame in'
l ead .
l i i’cbbifhop Parker al lowed L 2 3 . for cering a nd dre fli ng his bodyThe
“
following Ch a rges in the accou n ts of the chap l ain o f Ceci l i a widow o f
W ilfi’
i fh'Ta lma che of H awfte d,‘
C. Suff olk, 1 2 8 t , th ew th at no fma l l coft wa sbe itéwe t
’
l on the lady’s own p e rfon . To the chand l er (ca nde /a rio) o f Bu ry St .Edmund
's in p art, i x r. ijd. To john Senci e o f -the fame,for wa x a nd d i vers
fpice s , i iijl . iiijr. ija’
. To Alexander We f’d e e o f the fame, for fine lin en a nd
fi lk, a nd other n e ce fl'
a ri e s for at ti ring the l a dy’
s'
body (profindone ct jér ico e : a /iis
n ecef a riir pro corpore dam/he a ttr'
lia ndo 3) x x x ijrThe cba nd/e r wa s the p e rfon who made a nd app l ied the cerecloth .
The e x amp les al ledged wi l l il lu ftra te the mean ing a nd de fign of the laft threeart icl es . The iilk wa s p robabl y de figne d as a n envelop e for the corpfe a fte t it
"
wa s e niba lme d .
L
The dire a ions for the buri al of Edward IV. fa y, that the body mu fi , on i ts firft
l ay ing o u t, be [f a med (embalmed ) wrappe d in l aun, or ra’
ym’z , i f i t ma y be
gotten'
, a n hofyn , cherte, a nd a p e re r o f fhon e o f red leath er” hi s fu reo te of
c loth , h is ca p of e ita te on his head. And when he ma y not gode‘
l e y longer5‘ endu re, take him away, a nd bowel him, a nd then e ftfon e s bame h im, Wra ppe4 ‘ h im in ra y/te a wc l e tramel led wi th cords o f fi lk, then in g a rfpryn tra me ll ed,then in cloth of gold, a nd
'
fo in Velvet wel l t ramel led, a nd then led a nd
coffen him S.
”
The whole extern al covering'
of a n Egyptian mummy diffe éte d by Dr. Had
l e y , 1 7 6 3 , con ftfie d o f fe vcra l folds of broad p ieces o f l inen cloth , made to .
a dhere together by fome v ifcou s matter, which h a d not yet loft its p ropert y, a nd
the whole h a d received a n add it io’
n al degree o f fire ngth a nd fubfta nce from th ecoat o f p ain t l aid on : The re were no t the lea li remain s o f hai r or inte gu
men ts on a ny part of the head. Some p a rts o f th e fcu l l were qu ite bare, p a r
ticu l a rl y abou t the tempora l bones, wh ich ha d the n atu ral po l i lh a nd appeared
in every re fpe ét l ike th e bones o f a n ord inary fe u l l . To other p arts o f the
fcu l l adhered fe v e ra l folds o f p itched l in en; which together were n ear hal f a n
inch th ick . On remov ing them they were found to h ave been in a ftua l con
t a ét with the bones, fo that the in tegumen t s mutt have been t ak en a'
way beforethe wrapp ers were at firfi ap pl ied .
The o u tward painted co vering being remove d i nothing bu t linen fi l let s wer eto ‘
be feen, wh ich inclofe d the whole mummy . Th e fe fi l l ets were of d ifferent'breadth s ; the great er p art abou t a n inch a nd ha l f
, thofe about the feet much
broader. They were torn l ongitudina l ly ; thofe few that h a d a fe lv a ge h av ing“
i t on o ne fide on l y . The u pp e rmo lt fi l let s were o f a degree of fin e n e fs near l y' equ al to what i s nowfold in the [hop s for two (b i ll ings a nd fou r p ence p e r yard;
Printe d a t the e nd o f Le l a nd’
s Co l le a . 1 770. V.
Appe nd ix to the Supp le me nt to Somne r’t Ca nte rbu ry, p . 30.
3 Du C a uge ha s a ttilium a nd a ttil ia mcn tum for the a t te l a gr , e qu ipa ge , or lt a mois o f horfe );a nd othe r bca fls'
a f'
d ra ught , a nd o f (h ips . The ve rb do e s not occur. I [ nowou t howto tra n ll a tc it be tte r.'l Hilt of H a n-li e d , by Sir ) . Cu l lum,; B a rr.Are l i z o l. l . 348.
l vii i
u nder the name of long l awn, a ndwere woven fome thing afte r the manne r ofB u lha fh e e ting. The fi l l ets were of a brown colou r, a nd in fome me a fure rotten .
The fe ou tward fi l let s fe eme d to owe thei r colou r to h aving been fl e e p e d in fomegummy fol u tion , as the inner ones
_
were in p i tch . The fi l let s immed iat el y
u nder the pain ted covering lay in a tra nfve rfe dire étion . Under the fe , which
were many doubl e, they lay obl iqu e d i agonal l y from the (bou lders to the fife .
Under the fe th e fi l let s were broader, forn e nearl y th ree inches, a nd l a y longi
tudin a l ly from the n eck to the feet, a n d a l fo from the fhou lde rs down the fide s ;
o n which there wa s a remarkable thickne fs o f the fe longitud in al fil lets : u nder
the fe they were again tra nfve rfc, a nd u nder the fe again obl iqu e. The fil let s ingenera l e x te rna l lyd id no t adhere to each other : bu t though p i eces of a confide ra ble
l ength cou ld be taken off en t ire, yet from the age fo t ender wa s the textu re ofthe c loth that i t wa s impo ifibl e regu l arl y to u nrol l them. As the ou tward fil l et s
were removed, thofe that n ex t pre fe nte d themfe lve s ha d been ev iden t l y fl e e pe d in
p itch, a nd were in genera l co a rfe r in folds, a nd more i rregu l arl y l a id on, a s the ywere more difta nt from the furfa ce . The inner fill e ting of a l l wa s fo imp regh ated wi th p i tch as to form wi th i t one hard black britt le ma fs, a nd h a d beenbu rn ed nearl y to a co al . On breaking thi s i t appeared in man y p l aces as iffi l l ed with a wh ite cfiiore fce nce , l ike that o
'
bfe rv a bl e on the outfide o f p yri te swh ich have been e x po fe d to the ai r. This e fllore fce nce however h a d nothingfal ine to the, ta lte , a nd did not d ifl
’
o lve in water ; but infta ntl y d ifa ppe a re d on
bringing it near enough to the fire to be flightly heated, a ndwa s folubl e in fp irit;o f wine.The l ower extremit ies were wrapped fe p a ta te l y in fi l lets to nearl y their n atura l
fi ze, a nd then bound together, the inte rftice s being ramme d fu l l of p itched rags .On cu tt ing throu gh the fi l let s on the thighs the bones were found inve fte dwitha th in coat o f p i tch , a nd the fil l e tingwa s bound immediately on th is. The tibi aa nd fibu l a of each leg were found alfowrap t in the fame manner, a nd the bone sin ad u ai conta ét with the p itch, e xcept in one or two p l aces, where the pi tchwa s (0 very th in that the cloth appeared to adhere to the bone itfe l f. The feetwere fil lctcci in the fame manner, being firft bou nd fe p a ra te ly, a nd then wrapttogether. On cu tting in to the fil l e ting o f the left foo t theywere found to e nclofea bulbous root, the appearance of which wa s Very fre lh, a nd p art of the fhiningfk ih came off wi th a flake o f the dry britt le fi l let ing, with which it had beenbound down . I t fe cme rl to have been in con tact wi th thefie lh : the bafe of theroot lay toward the heel .l f the fl eth o f th is mummy had not been pre vioufly removed, though i ts a p
p e a ra nce‘ wou ld have been en t i re ly changed, yet the fil l e ting cou ld neve r have
been found in conta ét with the bones . From th i s lail : ci rcumfl a noe i t i s moftl ikel y that the bo dy, excep t ing the feet, had been reduced to a fk e le ton beforeitwa s l aid up. i t is alfo p rett y cert ain that i t mu ft have been kep t fome t ime inboil ing p i tch, both before a nd after fome of the larger of the inn e rmoft fil le tingswere laid on . The feet fe em to have been fwa the d, at icail in p art, before th eywere commi tted to the hot p itch, a nd thi s fe e rns to have pe rvade d the bandages,the flcih
,a nd the bones.
A great variety of experimen t s were made on th i s p itchy matter. The re fu lto f them al l tended to prove that i t had not the l e a ft re fembl a nce t o a/pba ltw, butwa s certain ly a vegetabl e re fino u s fubil a nce .
From this examination, a nd the re l at ion of variou s au thors, i t appears th atth e Egypt ian s ufe d ditfére nt materials for th is pu rpofe ; a nd though Herodotu sa nd Diodoru s Sicu lu s have given u s re a fon to e x peét to find the bod i es in a muchmore p e rfect {l a te thanwe e ver do meet wi th them ye t, on the othe r hand, it
13
[ li x i
is ev ident from the foot o f thi s mummy, a nd from the accoun tswhich Moti f.Re ne l l e J a nd Cou n t Cay lu s h ave gi ven u s, that al l the fle lhy p art s were notalways pne viou lly de ftroye d 3
.
This accoun t has a wonderfu l conformi t ywi th the de fcription of the mummyexamined by Gryfiu s, at Wra tifl aw, near a century before . I t appears, that
u nder the u pper p ainted cover o f pl a ifie r or cl ay from th e chin to the bo ttomof th e bel l y wa s a number of bandages of brown u nwhi tened l inen, boundon wi th hempen cords, wh ich be ing cut, the bandage s were u nfwa the d, a nd
found to confi ll of d ifferen t l engths o f from two to three ca bin , a nd in breadth
fou r or fiv e fingers . The fe were held togethe r, a nd fome time s croft by othersth inner fca rce a finge r
’s breadth . Both fe eme d to be rather torn' according to
the grain o f the cloth th a n cut. The textu re Wa s not in ferior to ou r modernweavi ng, a nd the thread what we cal l the middle fort . The warp refill edwhenat temp ted to be torn ; but . the woof y ielded. After u nrol l ing twen t y folds,which lay on e on another, a n int ire p iece o f l inen pre fe nte d itfe l f reach ing fromthe neck to the feet . Under th i swere th in bandages fca rce one ihird o f a n inch
broa dcroft over each other, fwa thing the arms a nd feet t ight bu t the bread a nd
back more loo fe ly . On removing the fe a l l the lower p art o f the bel ly fel l t oa brown ifh duft. The fa lfe ribs a nd lowe r vertebrae we re loo fe the upper p arto f the l eg bone s bare, bu t the thorax, bel l y to the navel, th ighs, a nd legs, re
ma i ned firm : the feet,though fe p a ra te d from the ancles, reta ined the mufcl e s
a nd n ai ls . Under the mi ddle of the righ t foot wa s fou nd aflowe r of the lotu s,beton y, or leek, the broad leaves at the bottom, a nd the n arrower at the poin t,clofe d l ike thofe of a n hop flower or art ichoke . No fuch th ing occurred under
the left foot ; bu t u nder each fide, at the loin s, wa s a large {tou t p alm leaf,
which , except fome a l te ra t ions in colou r, appe a red as fre l h as if ga thered th ed a y before ; a nd near th e groin l ay a l itt l e {tick or can e, longer than a man's
l i tt le finger 4 . The arms were dou bled u p at the elbow, fo that e ach h andcou l d touch the chin . The left hand wa s cl e ncht, the righ t ope n . The
head wa s co vered wi th a Ruff of th icker grain, a nd in a l l re fp e éts differen t .This being cu t open , difoove re d the fa ce covered wi th a n ew coat o f bitumenl ike gl azing or white o f eggs . The hai r wa s inclofe d in a n e t of finer lin e n,a ndwa s black, cu rl ed, gre a fy, withou t orn ament, dificu l t to be pu ll ed up, a ndnot e xceed ing half a finge r
‘s l ength . The forehead rather low: there were
t races of the eyel ids a nd e ye l a fhe s : th e e yes p rominen t, the nofe de p re ft, th enofiril s fiopt wi th cotton a nd the fame k ind of oin tmen t as the thorax a nd
bell y ; the mou th very wide , th e l ip s h av ing been removed, a nd the cav i t y
fi l led wi t h fwe e t fce nted du ll ; the teeth , thi rt y-two in numbe r, comp let e,whi te, a nd -
pe rfect l y beau t iful ; the ears not at a l l waited, nor th e cheeks fal l en ,but thewhole fa ce kep t firm by a mixtu re of p itch a nd a fph a ltus
5. The body
,
wi thou t thewrappers, weighed te n pounds a nd a h alf, a nd me a fu re d three feete ight inches, the arms to thewrifi one foot two inches a nd a h alf, a nd to theex tremit y of the fingers one foo t e ight inches a nd a half. I t wa s fuppofedth e body of a youngwoman 6
.
Mom. of the Roya l Aca demy of Sci e nce s for 1750.
Hill . de l’Aca d. dc: l nfc. Be l le s Le ttre s, vol. XX I II. 9. n o, are .
Phi l . Tra uf. vo l. L IV . p. 3— l 4.
So Profpe r Alpinm defcribe s bra nche s of mfema ry found in the chcfl of a mummy. Ke nna E gypt ia n s-um, 3 c.t um no tiuWe ll e l ingii, 1735 , p. 36.
Pijxajpba lta filida ta .
Mimic Wu titl a vie nfe t . Wra tifia v. ( 661 . u ‘. p. 3 7— 5 1 .
‘
[ l x ]
"hrbni the foregoing accou nts o f the Egypt i an mummy I e x tra e’
t'
in th i s pl ace
Yn e re ly what rel ates to the Env e lope ; l eavi ng the, difcu ffi on of thecomp o l ition of
the emba lming matter a s foreign to my pre fe nt p urpofe iStat iu s fays, the corpfe o f A l e x ander the Grea t wa s don e u p in So
Were Age fipol is2a nd Age fil a u s ’
,kings o f Sp a fi a
'
; bu t Plu tarch fays, the l at
t e r, for want o f honey, wa s -done u p inFwa x . The Pto lomie s, a nd A
'
htbriy a nd
C l eopatra Were a l l emba lmed 5.
l fa a c C a fa ubon , in fome MS co l le tftions c ited by Hearne6
, me nt ion s the dif
cove ry o f a fema l e body in the Via Latina at Rome in the‘
1 6th centu ry, l y ing em
balmed in a marbl e che ll , the fh a p e a nd co lou r (0 p l ian t a nd we l l pre fe rve d that i tfe eme d bu t l ate l y bu ried . The -flcfh p i tted at the touch , a nd if pu l led u p re
fumed it s p l a ce . The joint s were fle x ible, a nd there wa s no other fme l l bu t
that o f the ingred ients u fe d to emba lm . i t . The hair wa s on the head, a nd
nothi ng but th e brain a nd in tra i l s wan t ing . After i t h a d be e n _v iewe d by a
great re fort o f peop l e in the cap itol , a nd wa s on the poin t. o f min ifiring a n
occa fion tlf fu pe ril ition , the Pope ( l n noce nt V l l l .) ordered i t to be t aken away,a nd no one knewwhere it wa s d e po l i ted .
Mr. V a ltra v e rs in formed the Society o f Ant iqu aries, 1 77 2 , th at in fome tombs
bpe'
ne d in Sa xony a few years before the co rpfe s were fou nd envelo ped in a
brown c l ay , in which their (k in a nd bones were pre fe rve d v e ry fre lh , thoughbu ried in the t ime o f the an t i en t Sa xon s, who cou ld not be fubdue d by the
Roman s . Th at c l ay formed in to a p a fte rou nd the bod y, n ear h al f a n inchthick
,i s now fu l l of i ron ore, a nd .h a rd a s ftone , o fwhich he brought over a nd
e xhibited a fp e cime n .
Human lk e l e to n s d e po l i te d in red cl ay a nd covered over with th in {l abs of
(tone, on which were heaped l arger {tones a nd cl ay, have been fou nd in the
Roman fta tion at W ro xeter, co . Sa IOp .
Lydgate, wi th the chymica l ideas o f h is t ime, a nach ron ical l y de fcribe sHector's body emba lme d a nd e xhibi ted to v iew, in a chapel in the highchu rch at Troy , with the re fe mbl a nce o f real l i fe, by mean s o f a p rec iou sliqu or circu l at ing through every p art in golden tubes, artifici a l l y difpofe d, a nd
operat ing on the princip les o f vegetat ion. Be fore the body were four ine x tin
gu ifh a bl e l amp s in go lden fock e ts 7.
Thomas Grey ma rqu is o f Dorfe r, who d i ed I 7 Henry VII. wa s bu ried inthe middle of the chance l at Aftl e y , c. W arwick , where, on the rep ai r of thatchu rch , abou t 1 607, h is body wa s fou nd embalmed a nd wrap t in cereclothmany dou ble, in a l arge a nd l ong coffin-o fwood, which , . at the de fire o f fome
,
a nd e a rne fl motion o f others, being bu rft open, wa s, at the cu tt ingopen o f th e
cerec l oth, v iewed perfeet a nd fou nd, nothing corru p ted, the fle lh o f the bod yn oth ing p e rifhe d or hardened, bu t in co lou r, p roport ion, a nd fo ftne fs, l ik ea n y ord inary co rp fe newl y in terred his body-l arge o f length , fi x feet want ingfour inches ; his hair ye l low, his face broad, wh ich might fe em to be thu s prefcrve d by the (trong embalming thereo f. Mr . B urt on , the Le ic e lte rfhire An t i
qu a ry, wa s p re fe n t, a nd faw th is 3 .
Du e 84 a d Aema thio t ma nt a ubi he l lige r orbisC omlitorHyblcz o pc rt
'
ufus wi‘i a re dura t. SV lv .
I" . z :Xe nophon, H i l l. Gra ze . I. IV .
4
Diod . Sic . L. XV .
Q In Age li la o .
‘
D‘
lO.LI
.
‘
1 Spic i l e gium a d Gnl . Ncubrig. p . 796.
7 W a rton's H i ll . o f Englifl) Poe try, 11 98 .
'Brrrton'
s Le ice flci fliire , p . SI . Dugd. Wa rw. p . ” j :
Gertrude
l x u
k i‘rig
‘
s be l t , contain ing near a n hund red gold medal s o f the emperors The odofius,
V a l en t ini an , Marci an, Le o , Ze no, ju l i anus Nepos, B a filifcu s, a nd h is {on Mar
cu s, a nd Theodoru s ; near 2 00 fi lve r Roman coin s, too much defaced t o be
made ou t, a nd therefore thrown away ; man y p ieces o f iron rufie d by the
mo ittu re o f the ground ; two human (cu l ls, one l arger than the other, a nd the
bones o f a human fk e l e ton l ying at its length . In the fp a ce of five feet they
d ifcove re d a variet y o f other art icles ; a {word of two feet a nd a half long, of
foch wel l temp ered [fee l that at the firft touch i t fel l al l to p i eces ; its h il t,
gra fp, a nd the gold p late o f it s fca bba rd ; the poin t of the bel t gold , lt udde d
wi th jewels ; a tl ylus, a n o x ‘s head, which h a d fe rve d as a n ,o rna me n t to h i s
hort'
e ’s brid le (no t, as Ch ifle t h a tti ly conje éture d, as a n objeét o f worfhip'
,
a nd made two calves heads on the hi l t of the fword for the fame re a fon abovethree hu ndred figu res o f bees , ou t o f a great number ca rried away in the rub
bith ,one need le, (e ve ra l fibu l a e , hooks o f d ifie re nt fiz e s, n ai ls, fiuds, threads,
bu l lae ; a l l o f gold, fe t with a number of carbunc'
les 1 ; a nd as if in tended to a f
ce rt ain the whole, the k ing's gold feal , with hi s bu ft in flowing hai r a nd bre a ft
‘
p l ate ,a nd holding a (p ear in hi s right hand, a nd circumfcribe d CH ILDlRlC l
l t liGlS ; a nd another c ir cu l ar ring o f fol id gold, which Chifle t fuppo fe d hiswedd ing ri ng . They alfo found ,
his horfe ’
s fcu l l, p art o f h i s (ho e , a nd fomego ld th ids o f his be l t, p art o f a ru lty l ance, a nd a battle a x of the kind knownby t he n ame o f Fra ncxjca a nd fome gold th reads a s o f his ga rmen t.Dr. Chifle t conceives , t
'
h at Childe ric wa s bu ried in a woode n cofii n bou ndrou nd wi th i ron , p ieces o f which were fou nd a dhering fo clo fe to the woodthat it wa s d ifficu l t to fe pa ra te them 5
, a nd that a barrowwa s th rown u p overhim. Thu s, fays a n old genealogy at Brufl
'
e ls ci ted by him, the fou r earl ier kingso f the Franks, l ’h a ra mond, C lodion, Me rovze u s, a nd Chi lde ric, d ied p agan s,a nd were bu ried after the fa l
’
h ion o f the barbarians . So Ta ci tu s,(peaking o f
Po pp ze a , fay s, her corp fe wa s'
not bu rnt af ter the Roman fa fh ion , bu t openeda nd emba lmed, after the m anner o f foreign pr inces 7
, a nd la id in the tomb o f
the j u l i an fami ly . I t wa s the Op in ion o f Wendel in , one o f the canons o f Tour .
n a y, th at Chi lde ric'
s tombwa s 1 s o feet to the north on’
the left hand of the R0m a n road l ead ing from that c it y to the ri ver Scheld, the area be tween i t a nd theroad be ing now occu p ied by the pari (h chu rch a nd chu rchyard of St . Brice 3.The Roman laws fe em to have difoo un te n a nced the de pofi ting of orna me nl r
wi th the dead Si qu id a d corpus cuflodie ndumwe! d ia m comme nda ndumfa fium“fit, w!fi qu id in fm rmo r w! ve item col/oca ndum, hoc fune n
'
s e ll . Non a u
fem opor /e t ornamenta cum mrpa nbm co nd i, fl e e quid a /iud buju/moa’
i qu a d
bowing; fimpljcio ri: [ a tom/J: fays Ulp ian". But Serviu s fays, “ In a ntiqu i:
(11707511311; r e l a tum ejI gm qa yque ornamen ta confz cu twgi f t a t e a mortuum e a mca ndewra rmt “
?
The fathers condemn in the firongefi term s the wrapping u p the dead in garme n ts o f filk a nd goldBu t to come nearer the t ime o f Childe ric. Chilpe ric bu ried h i s brother
Sige be rt king o f Au ltra fta in the v i ll age o f Lambros v ejl itum, a s Gregory o f
Tou rs ca l l s it " ; or, as the Ge fia regum Fra ncorum e x pre fs i t " , tie/75mm v efiibw
P. ( 4 1 . P. s on. 3 Pyroptr'
.
166m . Or ig. “ i i i . 6 . Mo ntfa ucon (up i t wu fimi nt wi ll, r u/l tha t it fe l l to p ierc e .
Ann i . Chi ld. p. So , 91. In l ikz'
ma uncr our Edwa rd the Confcll’or is nowlodge d in a wood co ffin iron-bound.J ul-( Hum odou
'
lrus cam/mu .
Rtgm e x trr wwm ( on/immfiu . Ann.wif e . 6.An a tl . Chi ld. p. 88.
L. M da'
w40 5 ma fia 5 . de mm a: urge nto l e ga to , L. 14. 8 . dc re l igion I: fumptib. fua cr.InAe n e id . XL "3 4.
je rom . Lib. a . Ep lflo l . Ambrof. L . dc Na buthe . h fl a nt. Infi Div.II
. c. 4 .Hi ll . IV. c . 46. C . 3 3 .
01774 111 .
l x i i i
orn a tix . Chilpe ric himfe l f wa s b uried in his be ft cl othe s his fon Theod ebert dign ir (v a rious indu l u;
1
; a nd Charlemagne in his imperial robes, a nd
h is face covered fud a mifl e u nder his d i adem 3. From being burn! wi th them
among the Roman s they came to be bu rie d with them .
The cu ll om o f bu ry ing tre a fu re with p rinces i s more earl y than the timeo f Chi lde ric 5
. If we bel ieve jo fe phu s6
, Sol omon fi l led the fe p u lchre o f hi sfather Dav id wi th tre a fure , of which i t wa s p lundered by Hyrca nu s . Strabofay s the A lban i an s bu ried mu ch tre a fu re with -them in thei r coffi n s 7. W i thfuch a n hope the emp eror Ale x iu s Angelu s is la i d to hav e broken open the tombso f his pre de ce fl
'
ors , a nd particu l arl y of Confia ntine the Great, bu t found himfe lf difa ppointe d
“,as Herodotu s tel l u s happened to Dariu s at the tomb o f
N itocris 9 . C u rt iu s relates, th at th e Pe rl i a ns bel ieved the tomb o f Cyru sto be fu l l of go ld a nd l i lve r ; bu t that when Alexander the Great op ened i t h efound in i t on l y h i s (h ie ld , rotten , two Scythian bows, a nd a fcyme te r. B a go a s
the eun uch attend ing to ld him he had no t feen the tomb open ed before, bu t thath is l ate mail er Dariu s a fli i re d h im 3 000 talen t s were l a id u p in i t wi th the body .
Mo ll: l ikel y Dariu s h a d made free with the tre a fure for the ne ce fl’
a ry d efence
o f h is kingdom ,or other pu rpofe s . That gold a nd filv e r wa s bu ried wi th the
B a ll ern p rinces is confirmed, by the e x ampl e o f the Tartars thei r fucce ffors , int heir mon ument s Opened in the v a fi de fa rts a nd Tavern ier relates the fame ofthe k ings o f ’
l‘
o nqu in . The Tartar corpfe s are no t u n frequ en t l y fou nd fhroude din fh e e ts or th in p l ates o f gold . Ale x ander p aid Cyru s
’s coffin (fa /tum) the com
p l ime nt of covering it with a gold crown a nd his own robe .Alar ic king o f the Goths wa s bu ried with a qu ant i t y o f tre a fu re , in the be d
of the r iver Bufe n tia , near Cofe n z a , wh ich wa s l aid bare for that pu rpofe , a nd
then the r iver tu rned back again into it s channel, a nd al l the l abou rers con
cerned p u t to deat h “; a nd Att i l a wa s in terred in th ree coffi n s
,one o f
gold, the fe cond o f fi l ve r, a nd th e other o f i ron , with a variet y o f weapon st aken from h i s enemies, t rapp ings fe t with j ewel s,
'
a nd other in fign ia of (l a teNa rfe s
’
l e a de n coffin wa s robbed by th e emperor Tiberi u s l l . o f va ft qu an t it i es o f tre a fnre On e of Charlemagne’s b iographers gives the l ike de fcrip tionof his fe pu lchre at Aix— l a—chap el l eThe numerou s golden figu res on wh ich Chifie t l 6 fpe nds fo mu ch time to
p rove that they were neither toa df , nor cr efce ntr, nor crawm,nor {Fl/e r, nor the
flower cal l ed ir is , nor the pla nt u fu a l l y pu t in to th e h and o f Hope on coin s,norfpe a r be a ds ; a nd at l a l’t determines them to be be e r, from whence thefie ur
de‘lit in the arms o f France were afterwa rds deri ved, Mon t faucon ‘ 7 deter
m ines a t once to have been n othing more than ornamen t s o f the horfe -fu rn iture. What the Doétor ca ll s h i s fly/us, the Father p ronou nces a fibul a ,wh ich being adorned on on e fide wi th crofi
'
e s, ma y have been among (omeChriflia n fpo il s. Chifie t having found a flylu s, proce e ds to find the gold fett ingof a n i vory table book
mclior ibtu indi um. Gre g.Tur. VI. c 46. Vg/Iil u1 u ml wfiinwntit rfga libux . C e li a re g Fra nc. c. 3 5.1Gre g . Tur. IV. C. 4 5.
3 Mona ch En
gplifm. vit. C a ro l i Ma gn i , c . l 4.
‘h ta t. V . 3 15 .
l'hmdm s a l lude 1 to i t a s a common pmfil icc. uma na e lfodie ns ofla tbt/Ezwum ca n'
t: inve n it. Fa b. 1. 27.
De Be l l . jud. l . 2 . 7 1 1 . XII . 34 2 .
Era fm. Fra ncif. Scha ub z . p. 196.' 1. c |87
Archz o l l l p. : z z — z z 6. Se e a l lo Og e n li edt dc fe pul t. ve t p . 361 , are . Jorn a nde t .Et dlve rfi ge ne ri s irfigm
'
a quibu l co litur a n l icun d am. Ib. Among iufla ncu of lione Co ffins in the be d of rive rsMr Gru ndy the Surv e yo r c l e a ring the be d of the r ive r G le n in Lincolnlh ire , found one fome fe e t unde r the be d cont a ining a huma n fcu l l a nd (b ou lde r bl a de . ( Spa ld ing Soc ie ty Minu te l ) . Se e a lfo the colfio found a t Temp le Mi l l s 'in Ha ckne y ma rlh , 1 78 3. Ge nt. M a g. vo l . Ll lI . p . 900 .
Pa u l . D i a c . pa r. i i . p . 64 . Fre dega rius Se ho l a flic. c. 80.
Mona cha n Engol ifme nfis S . Ep a rchi i vit . C a r. Ma gn i , c. 24.
P. 164— 18 1. Mon. de l a Mona rchio Fra nc. l . p . u . P. 181— 193.'9 P. urn - 195.
W eapons
l
l x i v
W eapon s were bu ried with the dead from the remote ft ant iqu it y . Where
e ma tion obtained they were firlt th rown into the fun eral p i le The Cdria ns
“ e re known by the kind of weapon s bu ried with them which were a fma l l
f hic ld a nd a cre lt to their he lmets 3 .Scrv iu s fay s, i t wa s a n l ndia n end om to bu ry the horfe s with thei r mail ers ;
a nd among the Gerri , a Scyth ian peop le, the grooms a nd other fe rva nts were
added 5. The fame cu ll om obtained among the Tartars 6 . The fcu l l , a nd
part o f the i ron lhoe o f Charlemagne’s horfe were found, which lall cir
cumfi a nce pro ves the an t iqu it y o f th at mode o f gu arding the feet o f that
u l'
e fu l an imal i i'
we ha d no t remoter ev idence in the cl a fii ca l au thors bu t
th is i s fu ppo fe d the e a rl ie ll infia nce o f net/[ing on the {hoe The nex t infia nc‘
e
in France i s in 8 3 2 , When the caval ry o f Lou i s l e Debonn ai re cou ld not
be {hod o n accoun t o f the fro lt that fol lowed a heavy rain ’. In England
they fe em to have begu n foon after the Conqu e lt. W i l l i am the Conqu eror gaveto S imon St . Liz, a noble Norman , the town o f Nort hamp ton, a nd the wholehu nd red of Fa wll e y then valu ed a tfi. 4 0 . pe r mm. to p rovide {hoes for his horfe sHenry de Ave ryng held the man or o f Morton, c . Efl
'
e x , o f the k ing,in cap i te,
by fe rv ice o f a ma n , a nd a n horfe worth 1 0 .r. a nd fou r horfe fho e s Se c. for the
W e l lh e xped i t ion"
. Hen ry de Fe rr a rs, who came over wi th the Conqu eror,too k his name a nd arms (fix horfe lhé
‘
e s) from being fome horfe - o ffice r " . At
B a ttle fla ts, for m i les B alt from York, the fce n e of the batt le between Harolda nd t he Norweg ian invaders, A . D. 1 066, a re frequ en t l y fou nd in p lowing av ery fma l l fort o f horfe lh o e s, which co u ld on l y fit a n a fs , or the l e a ft breed o fNorthern ho rfe s " . The arms o f Glouce l’te r in a feal o f Edward l l l
’
s t ime(ti l l u fe d for re cogniz a noe s a re on each fide o f the king’s head a n horfe fhoe ,
near it a ho rfe -nai l , three above a nd three below i t, two a nd on e ; a nd in Cryp tfchoo l gate, bu i l t 1 5 2 9 , is the city fword fide d by a n horfe lhoe , a nd three horfen ai ls e re ét in bafe, a l l uding to the i ron ma nu fa Ctu re rs here at the Conque fi'5
a nd a record o f Clem, c. Worce fl e r, 3 7 Edward 111. has “ So/v i! re ceptori d’m
'
pe r ta ll/a v i 1. 111 5 . in ferratu ra e qu i fe nde d/Ii“? A fil ve r horfe - {ho e wa s.
fou nd in Camalet cali le, c. Some rfe t, ( a id to have been a favou rite re fide nce o f
king Arthu r: a nd afterwards belonging to the HungerfordsThe rich decoration s of horfe a fu rniture a re de fcribe d by V irgil
",Ovid
that o f the emperor ju l ian by Ammi anu s Marcel l inu s that o f the emp ero rHonorius by Claud ian
“, a nd that of p rince Sigifme re , by Sidon iu s Apo l
l in a ris“
. To thi s fu rn iture , or to Childe ric’s garmen t s, belong mo lt o f the
fibu l a ,boll es , finds, a nd o ther orn amen ts, which were o f fo l id pu re gold,
a nd perhaps the go ld threads might be p art o f the app ar el both of the horfe a nd
h is rider. The ne e dle might be p art of a fibu l a.
Virg . E n. x i. 194 . 195. Sta t. Theb. V . 3 14. Eliz a . Va n fl ifi. VII. c. 8. Thucyd. l. c. 8.An d ie-1” p age : 19W . Scho l. in 106.In fi n . V .
He rodot. IV. C. 7 1. Se e a n Chryfo ll om HomiL3. a d pop.Ant ioch.Archa n l . l l . “ i t 1 24.
Se e Roge rs a n d Pe gge , in Archz o l . Il l . 35—5 1 . II) . p. 39.Da n ie l H i ll . de Fra nce , I. p. 566.
Dugd a le , Ba r. I. 58. e x Chron. Bromtoni, p. 975. B lount'1 Te num , p . 50:Fe m;q uorum.
B loun t's Te nu rcl , p . 16. Mo ran ’s E lia , I. 144. e x p la c. cor. 13. E u l a
Pe gge in Arche o l . l l ]. 5 1.Dra ke ’s Ebomc um, p . 8 .1 ,
Rudde r , Hi ll . o i G loce fte rlh. p. 134.Comput. Ro t . 3 7 Edw. l l l . Na th's Won e ll erlh. in Clt nt.Appe nd.p. x i i i.Le l a nd , 11. l l . 4 7.la i n/ii. 3 77. Mctam. vi. a n , 2 3 3 . XX III. c. 3.l V. Conf. Hon on'i, 548— 552.
Ep igram. a nd in Pa neg. de 410 ejtu oonful. lib. IV. cp. a o.
l itv
itis not fo e a fy to determine the u fe of a l i tt l e globe of chryil a l a n ih'
ch a nd'
a n hal f in d iameter. Montfaucon p aral lels i t wi th twen t y fimil a r on es found
with a gold ri ng, a n h ai r p in , a n i vory comb, a nd fome l it t le gold threads in a n
hrn at Rome at the clofe of the 1 6th centu ry bu t he does not a ffign the u fe o f
t hem. From the company they were in I fhou ld fuppofe them female orn a
r'
n e nts, l ike the beads found in o li r barrows . Mr. Penn ant imagines the globe
in qu e itio n had a magical u fe .
B e fide s t he coin s o f the lower emp ir e there were fou nd on e conful a r dena;
r iu s, a nd the fol lowing fi lve r coin s of the u pper emp ire : 1 Nero. 1 Trajan .
5 Hadrian . 9 An ton inu s Pins . 3 Fa u ii ina . 7 Anton inu s Ph ilbfophu s .
3 Fa ufiina jun . 6 Au rel iu s Veru s . i Commodu s . 1 Ju l i a Severi . t . Caracal l a .
1 Confia ntine jun ,Fou r o f them had a hole in each, a s i f to hang them
b y, a s amu lets or orn amen t s l ike the rude figu res on gems engraved by
Chifie t, p . 2 67 . to i lluftra te his idea o f the fe p erforated coins ; but by Mon t
fau co n p l e a fa n tl y mifia k e n , as if fou nd in Childe ric’s tomb.
Part of the fe cu riofitie s are now in the k ing of France’ s l ibrary 3 . Theyweregiven to the archdu ke Leopo ld, a nd after his death John Ph il ip Schonborn ob
ta ine d them of the Emperor, a nd having great obl igat ions to Lou i s XIV. pre
fe nte d them to him by Monf. Du Fre fn e , 1 665 . They were firft lodged in th e
cabinet of medal s at the Lou vre, a nd afterward s in the k ing’s l ibrary .
The tomb of Childe ric 11. wa s acc iden tall y difcove re d 1 64 6, in th e abbey'
o f
St . Germain des Prez, in a rep ai r of th e chu rch . I t confifie d of two great {tonecoffin s, whofe {ton e l id being removed, difcove re d the bodi es of the King a ndQu een B l iche ldis, habited in thei r royal robes, not tot al l y decayed, with a l i tt l e
{tone coffin con t aining the young p r ince Dagobe rt thei r fa n, who wa s mu r
de red wi th them by Bodilon a hd hi s adheren t s, whom the k ing h a d ordered tobe beaten . Non e of th e rel igiou s being pre fe nt, it wa s fu fp e cted th at th eWorkme n fe cre te d fome of the fpo il s o
‘
f the fe tombs . All that cou ld be got ou t
o f them wa s part of the king’ s diademwoven wi th gold . But te n years after,
on removing the fe tombs, wi th thofe of fome other kings in th e fa me chu rch ,they found in th e k ing’s tomb the remain s of h is (word, h i s belt, a nd a cl a fp orbu ckle of fin e gold,weigh ing a bou t eight bunces, exactl y l ike that o f Childe ric I.wi th p iece s of a fia ff, fuppofe d h is royal fce ptre , a gl a fs v e fi
'
e l fi l led with p e rfume wh ich ret ained fome fme l l , a nd fe ve ra l fqu a re p i eces of {ri ver wi th thefigu re of a n a mphifba e n a , whi ch wa s p robabl y th is p rince
’s dev ice. In th eQueen’s coffin were found on l y her bon es, wi th her robe s, which fel l to dufi on
open ing it. After h a virig clean ed the bottom of the King’s coffin they dif
cov ere d his name a nd t it l e wri tt en in u ncia l letters .
C H I L D R R E X.
Wh ich left no dou bt th at i t belonged to Childe ric II. {on of Clov i s l l . a nd St .B a th ildis, whofe {ton e coffin i s fiil l to be feen at Chel les, whether ih e ret i red on
the death of her hu (b an dIn the fame abbey o f St . Germain were found, 1 64 3 , in th e cloi ite r, two
(ton e coffin s, on on e of wh ich Wa s infe ribe d in u nci al Roman letters inter
l aced,TEMPORE NVLLO VOLO HINC
TOLLANTVR OSSA HILPERICI
Tour in Scot i . l 776. p. 3 7 .
I ha ve a bmnz e {word hi lt fiudde d with four co ins of Tra ja n of the fame me ta l .Ve lley , Hi ll . de Fra nce , I. 5 1. Montfa ucon's De fcrip tion of the tombs o f the Fre nch K ings. Mem. dc l
'A
ca d. de n l nfc. vo l III. p .
4 Montfa ucon, Mem. dc I'
Aca d. dcs Infe r. II I. 4 14 .
r
l'
xvi
And wi th in, the fe words written wi th vermi l l ion,
PRECOR EGO ILPERlCVS NON
AVFERANTVR H lNC OSSA MEA.
The feet o f this Chi lpe ric were tu rned to the Rail , a nd with in the tomb Wa s
a l itt l e crofs, with a crucifix o f copper, a nd a l i tt le lamp of the fame meta l . Theother tomb, which h a d no infe rip tion , p robabl y con t ained his
'wife . Mon f. V a
l ois concei ved th is to be the tomb of Chi lp e ric I. hu (band of Fre de gonde ; bu t
be fide s that thi s infe rip tion doe s not gi ve the p arty the t i t le o f king, nor wa s a nymark o f royalt y fou nd in the c
'
ofli n, i t i s certain t hat king Chilp e ric l . wa s
bu ried with his wife in the church which they had rebu i l t, where their tombs ,with their figu res, were formerl y to be feen n ear the a l t ar of St . Germa inI t appears by th is that the mode of bu ry ing the kings o f France o f the firit
race wa s very fimp l e yet with d ign it y . All the magn ificence wa s indeed wi th in ;for there wa s no want o f p recious c lothes, gold, nor filve r. And the conceal ingthe fe from being p lu ndered ma y have been the re a fon why they put no infe rip n
t ion on thei r tombs.Gu in e ve r, qu een o f Arthu r, wa s in terred in_ a fa r more coftly mann er than he r
royal confort, if we ma y credi t the rel ation o f thofe who faw her tomb Open ed inthe beginn ing o f the t 6th cen tu ry, in the ru in s of the
-mon a fie ry at Ambre ibu ry.
There wa s a fe pu lchre found hewn ou t of a (tone, a nd p l aced in the midd le of a:wall, by the de firuétion o f which i t
’
wa s difoove re d. On i t s covertu re it had inrude letters o f mafi
'
y gold R. G. A. C . 600. a ndwa s fuppofe d to be the tombo f the famou s Gu in e ve r, qu een to king Arthu r . The bon es within th is fe pu lchr ewere all firm, fai r yell owcoloured hair abou t th e fcull, a nd a p iece of the Iiv e r,abou t the fi l e o f a walnu t, very dry a nd hard . Therein were found fe v e ra l roy alhabil iments, as j ewels, vai l s, (carves, a nd the like, ret a in ing even til l lbwwe irp rop e r colour, a ll wh ich were afterwards very choicel y kep t in the col lect ion of
the right honou rabl e the earl of Hertford, a nd of the a fore fa id gold d i vers ringswere made a nd worn by hi s Lordih ip
’
s p rincip al officersI con fe fs myfe l f firongly tempted to fu fp e ét, that th is might h ave been th e
body o f qu een El eanor mother of Edward I . who i s known to h ave been bu riedin thi s mon a fle ry
’. She d ied 1 290, a nd the letters m a y have been mifre a d
for R E G I N A A L I O N 0 RA, Se c. as on the tomb of h e r fon’s wi fe, hern a me fa k e . W e have no au then t ic ev idence th at the mon a il ry of Ambre sbe ryfubl
li fi e d before the clofe of the 1 o th cen tu ry. Bifhop Tanner 4 a fcribe s i t s fou n
dation to Al frida or Ethe l frid a qu een o f Edgar, A. D . 980 . a nd Henry 11. re
fou nded i t I 1 772'
Gu ine v e r hard l y fu rv ive d her confort 5 0 years . The origina linfcription Mr, jones fays he cou ld not p rocu re, bu t infef ted the relation on th ecred i t o f thofe p e rfons o f qu al ity fromwhom he recei ved i t .The body o f Ch a rlemagne wa s embalmed, a nd p l aced under a vau l t, fi tt ing
on a chair o f gold, dre it in hi s impe ri al robes, a nd u nder them the hair clothwh ich he u fu a l ly wore, having at hi s fide a fword whofe hil t a nd the fu rn itu reo f the fca bba rd were o f gold, a nd a p ilgrim
’s p u rfe which he u fe d to wear whenhewen t to Rome . He held in his hands the book o f the Gofpe l s written in l etterso f gold . His head wa s adorn ed with a gold chain in form of a d i adem, in whichwa s le t a p iece o f the true crofs, a nd his face wa s covered wi th a [ odor/um. His
Montfa ucon, lb. p . 4 i 8.
jone s'Stone he nge rc-ll ore d, p . I 7. fol io . Mr. Ra y, 1663 , wa s {h ewn wha t wa s fuppofcd he r gr a vc ll one . l t in. p . 301 .
p. 66.
’
l 0 wha t i s the re {a id le t me a dd, tha t Bifliop Ta nne r, No t . Mon. p . 589. c ite s Pa t. 1 5 He nry III. Del move ndo corpore Al ie nor: confa nguine z re gis a Brillol a d mona il e rium de Ambmlbury .
" which mufl " 13 10 10 (omeothe r l a dy o f the n a me .
Nu tir. Mon . p. 589,
fe ymcte r
lx vit
fcyme te r a nd his lh ie ld, wh ich were al l of gold, a nd had be en blefi'
by Pope
Leo III. were hu ng u p before him. His tomb wa s then clofe d u p , a nd even
fealed, after i t had been fi l led wi th much tre a fure a nd al l forts of pe rfumes, a nd
a gil ded arch wa s e re éte d over i t, wi th th is infcription in Roman cap i tals t e
c i ted by Egi nha rd his fe cre ta ry
SUB HOC CONDITORIO SITUM EST CORPUSKAROL I MAGNI ATQUE ORTHODOXIIMPERATORIS, QUI REGNUM
'
FRANCO
RUM NOBILITER AMPLIAVIT, ET PER
ANNOS XLVI I FELIC ITER REXIT. DE
CESSIT SEPTUAGENARIUS, ANNO AB IN
CARNATIONE DOMIN IDCCCX IV, INDICTIONE VI I,V KAL. FEBRUARIAS.
This, fays P. Montfaucon is the firit e p i taph of th e Kings of France.
In foou ring fome di tche s in the fields round Ju tre bog on the borders of Saxon y
a nd Lower Lufa tia , in the fumme r of I 7 a t , Wa s fou nd a large heav y lte e l fword,wi th a pummel of the fi ze of a man’s fift, a nd infe ribed on one fide ,
DKM AS ATINVS DIX RGGPERVS DIX IERGNR.
And on the oth er,IERC. VIINIVS C. S. DIM A5 ATINVS DXC. E.
The l etters e ngra ve d dee p , a nd fill ed up with fil ve r, the R larger th a n th ereft; Eckhard re ferre d it to fome general o f the Emperor Hen ry I] . who had
ca u fed the name s of his fe ll owfo ldie rs to be here in fe ribe d, with other wordsas a ch a rm, in ihme expe d it ion a ga in it the Sclavon i an s, the n in vading German y,a nd th at the {word fall ing in to th e e nemy ’s hand might be burie d wi th theconqu eror as a trophy . H e re ad it thu s :
Domini Cbri/ii mil k/Ema a nnoAtinur (tribu nu s) Domini f ez/u Cbri/Ii R. Coje ra s
(tribufluf , fome other offi cer) Domini j e/u cor/fir in e x ercita Roma m’
Caz/of f:H e nrici.
And on th e other fide ,
In e x e roitu Roma ni Caz/a rt'
s Vicirzm (a n ofli ce r) Cbri/Iia flw Sa x o D. 32714mil/afimo a n
'
no Al ina : dux it Cbri/Iia nor . e x e roitum 3.
W i th the twen t y fk e l e tons difcove re d in the tomb or cel l,th i rt y feet long
a nd reven wide, formed of five large rude {tones on th e lord lh ip o f Cocherelbetween Ev reu x a nd Vernon
,1 6 8 5 , wh ich fhou ld p rop erl y
'
have been not icedu nder the art icl e o f {ton e coffin s, were fou nd fe ve ra l co loured {tones a nd bl ackfi in ts, c ut in ov al fh a p e s, p oin t ed at both ends, or blun t at on e , from th reet o fou r inches long, l ike arrow heads, a nd a grey fli n t five inches long
,th ree
broad at the ih a rp e nd, a nd on e at the fma l l e r e nd, fli a p e d l ike a batt le ax ,
a nd fixed on a p iece of flags horn th ree or fou r baked earthen pot s fi l l ed wi thcharcoal a fh e s, fome fragmen ts o f bu rn t bones, a nd a ci rcu lar m a fs o f free ftone ,whereon th ree flat [ton e s were p laced. I t wa s the op in ion o f the French ant i
Mem. de I'Aca d. de nInfcr. Il l . 4 1 3—
4 1 5 . Or pe rha p s DVX.
Eckh a rd duo pe ra ntiqua monume nt: e x a grojutrcboce n ii e ru ta , &c. Vite mburgz , i 734 .
qu a rie s
t mm
qtta rie s ofth at t ime that the fe were the fk e l e tons of the p
’
rifon e rs o f fome bari
baron s in vaders t a ken by the Gau l s, a nd fa crifice d to the manes o f thei r
own coun t rymen , whom they bu rn t, a nd interred in the fame tomb '. But as
two of the fe fk e l e tons were fe p a ra te d from the reft by a l arge i’tone laid over
them,whymight not thewhole have been the buri al p l ace of a confide ra bl e fa
mi l y, o f which the fe two Ik e l e tons were the chiefs, a n d the a lhe s have be
longed to fe rv a nts or inferior p e rfons o f the fame hou fe ho ld .
In 1 7 3 2 , in the borders o f Cz‘
fl n a , a v i l l age fca rce a qu arter o f a mi le from
J u tre bog, were fou nd two fe pu lchre s, co n tain ing“
1 2 u rn s a nd a ih e s a nd a fi lve r
coin, having on on e fide the figu re o f the S l avon i an Dei ty Prono or Profv e , wi tha (word a nd fli ie ld, a nd on the re ve rfe a fp e a r head between two heater Ih ie ldsThis coin a nd others frequ en t l y found in graves are fupp ofe d to have a referenceto the fare fo r the p a ii
'
a ge over the Styx, or to the want s o f the de ce a fe d in the
other world 3. The u rn s, o f wh ich the middlemo lt o f n ine in on e grave wa s
l arge“,m ight contain the aib es o f a fami l y, or of a great m a n a nd his dependan ts,
a s in Anha l t, t 7 1 9, wa s fou nd a fingl e u rn inclofe d in (ton es, a nd fu rrounde d by
many others on the ou tfide of the inclo fu re 4 .
Mr. Se yfie rt5 has col lected a variety of inita nce s both of fingl e p ieces of mone y
a nd o f tre a fure s being bu ried with the dead o f variou s n ation s a nd ages . Bar
thol inu s had a fil ve r coin fou nd in a human fe nl l n ear N e ufia dt, a nd Te nz e l iu s ’
wa s {h ewn in another fcu l l two nummi ora fie a ti infe ribe d L A N D. In a n old
bu ry ing ground at Dre fde n were dug up th ree p ieces o f coin of l ater ages, inthe mou ths of as man y corpfe s Whether a ny of th e fe were fees for the St ygian ferry, the Ja mmy a nd mom;of the Greeks, the ”cl a im a nd porta ria m o f th e
Romans, imitated by th e fupe rfi ition of l ater ages ; or, as L a mbe ciu s 9, wi thgreater p robabi l it y, conj ectu red, memoranda o f the time o f the p arty
’s de ce a fe ,a nd in what reign he died, as in regard to two coin s of the An ton ines fo fou nd,or two of Caracal l a, in 1 66 2 , in a n old tomb at V ienn a, a nd others in that of aRoman foldie r at Stra ibu rg, 1 663 i s a qu efiion foreign to my purpo fe .
A copper ring wa s found round the a rm of a human Ik e l e ton at Dru ton, ne arCave, in the Ea ft Rid ing of Y ork fhire . I t wa s qu i te bl ack a nd bright, a nd not
in the leali corroded, excep t a l i tt l e in the infide where it tou ched the a rm.
W e have here engrave d it from a drawing by Mr. Thomas Beckwi th of York,F . S . A . 1 779 .
Se e Phi l . Tra nf. N°185 , a nd a bbe Coche re l's Account of the fe (k e le tons, tra nfla te d from the Fre nch, a nd
printe d 1 760.
Eckha rd ubi iupra , p . 26.3 Se e Ke y
-He r,Antiq . Se pte ntr. 5 II. c . a . p . ” 4 .4 Ee lrha rd, p . 3 5.
De nnmmis in orc de funél orum re pe rt is . Dre fdz,
u'.
Lib. l l . 9. 460.7 Co l loq. 1696. p . q r9.
Olca rius in Pa re nta t B . Mnge n. i 699. De B ibl iothe ca Col . P. I. p . 89.Bcbclius,Ant iq.Arge ntora t. p . a t .
n it
Mr. L e Boe u f dit qu’ayafit fa i t fou i l ler ii y a qu elqu es a n
'
ne e s da n s u n anci en
cimitie re d’
Au x e rre ii y de cou vrit un Chevali er fu r Ia poitrine duqu e l croien t e ncore les re li e s du fil d’archal de l a cage d e fon o ife a u
'
de proye 8c l es 03 del ”
ce t oife a u
An officer of the abbey o f St . Alban’s, whom hard fin dy had dr iven be fid e him
fe l f, wa s interred in thei r cel l at B inham in Norfolk , in the fet ters wherewi th he
h a d been confinedThe - p aten a nd chal ice were bu ried wi th e ccl e fia fiica l p e rfon s o f common
rank, as wel l as wi th p relates a nd pre fide n ts o f rel igiou s focie tie s . Paten s a nd
chal ices of tin , l atten, or p ewter, mufi be very an t i en t ; for in the cou nci l ofLondon, A . D . 4 7 5 , we find a firié
'
t inju nction to a dmin ifle r the fa cra me n t on l y
in gold a nd fil v e r 3. I t i s however p robabl e the poverty o f cou n t ry p a rifh ch u rches
made i t n e ce ffa ry to d ifpe nfe wi th thi s. In Landbeach chancel wa s fofind,
1 7 1 1 , wi th in lofs th an a foot u nder the furfa ce , u nder a white (l on e,a {ton e
coffi n , wi thou t a ny l id to i t, the fion e covering on l y th e upp er p art, wi th a
p ewter chal ice, the bowl a nd foot very thin , bu t'
the fh a ft thick a nd heav y .
In the coffin wa s alfo a p i ece of {tone or cemen t, very heavy , wh ich Mr. Cory,
th'
en t eél or, -fuppofe d a rel iqu e, brought by the p art y interred from fome p ilgrimage. He fancied he cou ld fe e marks of the tonfu re on a p i ece of th e ik u l l 4.In Litt l e l l ford chu rch-y ard at the North door of the chu rch wa s fou nd,
1 7 2 4 , two feet u nder grou nd, a {lone coffin l i d wi th a p l ain crofs, a nd fix feet
belowi t a body on the left fide of the fcu l l a leaden (pewter) cup a nd cover,
or rather chal ice a nd paten, the cup 4. inches diameter, th e cover or p aten 4 } 5 .In Mr. Stu rdy’s garden at S t . N icholas at Ga t l ifle , fu ppofe d th e fite o f St .
N ichol as’ hofp it a l , were fou nd, 1 7 6 5 , a p ewter chalice a n d p aten , in a {l on ecoffin, fix feet fou r inches long, fifteen inches deep , five feet eight inches
wi th in , a nd one foot -a nd a hal f broad at the ihou lde rs, covered with three flag
(tone s, a nd the middl emoft carved wi th a qu atrefoi l in a ci rcl e‘
, bu t no infe rip
ti on : wi thin wa s a fk e l e ton . Near the fame p l ace wa s dug u p another fion e
which covered a lk e l e ton, a nd h aving a crofs in rel ief, a nd at its fide s carved a
chal ice a nd a fqu a re p aten . See the p l ate, fig . 1 a nd 2 .
In d igging the vau lt for the l aft ear l o f B riflo l o f th e Digby fami l y at Sherborne were found fou r iion e coffin s covered with flat (tone s, in wh ich th ebod ies app eared en t ire, but foon mou ldered away when e x pofe d to the ai r. Two o fthe coff i n s, wh ich con tained the bon es of the fou r bod ies , were re - in terred u nderthe vau l t . A filve r chal ice wa s in on e of them. which h a d a n iche de fign e d toreceive it . There wa s alfo a p iece of mon ey a nd a l itt l e cu p in each o f them.
The two firil: coffi n s (t i l l remain in the chape l where Horfe y’
s monument is . The
{tones that covered them were u fe d for the pavemen t . I t is p robabl e th at
fome o f the abbots or monks of th i s abbey were in terred in them 7.
In mak ing a vau l t in the middl e ai l e o f L ichfie ld cathedral , abou t fou rteeni nches below the p avemen t wa s difcove re d a {tone coffin covered wi th a l argeflon e . W i th in the coffin were fome fewhuman bones, th e u pp er leathers of a
p ai r o f fho e s, a great many fragmen ts o f p l ain gold l ace abou t a n inch broad,a nd a pewte r chal ice, wi th its cover, bu t mu ch decayed, p art icu l arl y the cover,which is extremel y britt l e, a nd a lmofl: reduced to a calx . Therewa s alfo fou nd
.Mem. de l’Aca d. de s Infe riptions, XXVII . p . 1 54 . 4 10.
Ma t. P a n's, vit . a bba t. S.Alba ni , p . 1 18 .
5 Pre cipimu s ne confe cre tur e ucha riflia nifiin ca l ice a ure o ve l a rge nte o , a : ne [fa rm/m ca l icem a liqu is e pip us a
modo be ne dic a t in te rdicimus ."
Spe lm. Concil . Bri t. ci ted by Mr. Cory in Blomfie ld's MS. C-ol l . for C a mbridge lh ire ,
p e n . me . I ca nnot find thi s re fe re nce in Spe lma n or W i l k ins : but the S a xon ca nons pro mu lga te d in the re ign o f Edga ro rda in tha t eve ry1 cha l ice ufe d for the e ncha riil {h a l l be o f me ta l (a egou n ) a nd no t of wood (t he ope num) (Spclm.
Conc. p . 4 5 3 . W i l k ins, I . a nd'
the counci l of C a lchuth in the olofe of the 8th ce ntury forbids the ufe of
horn (cornu bovinum } for cha l ice s or p a te ns. l b. 295 . l b. I. 1 4 8 .
Blomfie ld , MS. Co l l ect ions for C a mbridge lh ire , pe n. me . The ca nons nowin force d ire ct , tha t the wine {ha l l bebrought to the Commun ion ta bl e in a c le a n a nd fwe e t ft a nding pot or ftoop of pewter, if nol af pure r me ta l .I
5 S tuk e le y. Le thie u l lie r, in A. S. Min .
Proba bly the he a d o f a crofs , a s on the coffin-lid unde r-me nt ione d.7 Hutchim
's Dorfe t, I I. 38 1.
a cap i tal
l x x
a cap i tal Roman W cu t ou t o f the gi lded l eathe r Mr. Green pofi'
e fl'
e s
another near l y timil a r, found alfo in the fame chu rch . S e e’
the p l ate, fig . 1 0 .
At Peterborough they ibew one o f l aten taken ou t o f , a n abbot’s grave, o f the
fame form wi th that at C a rl ifle beforement ioned , bu t the fh a ft l onger, a nd
more il e nde r : fig . 7 .
A Home coffin con t ain ing a flce l e ton int i re, a nd near the head a p ewter
cha l ice, the metal a lmo ft d e fl roye d , wa s fou nd in d igging a grave in Difs chu rchfor Mr. Tay l or, 1 77 3 . Abou t fi x feet fou th from thi s coffin a nd at the dep th
o f abou t five feet the y d ifcove re d two l arge u rn s o f r e d eart h, one holding fifteen
p in ts, the other fourteen , con t ain ing on l y fce tid earthA chal icewa s fou nd in the North tra nfe p t o f the abbey chu rch o f Bath
,in
a fto n e coffi n, wherein were al fo leather foles o f Ihoe s , a ndwhat the fe x ton cal ledfhort tobacco p ipes .The chal ice a nd p aten common l y wen t together, though th e l atter i s fome
times de fcribe d as the cover of the former, a nd in fome graves is mifli ng, being
more l i abl e to decay. In the coffin s fou nd in Lincoln minfi cr, de fcribe d p . Iii.
l i i i . the paten s a nd cha l ices lay over the right {bou lder or u nder the right a rm.
On bra ffe s where the cha l ice fu rmou nte d by the wafer appears a s a fa ce rdota lbadge, the paten is p rcfume d o f cou rfe , or where the wafer rifes o u t o f th e
cha l i ce the p aten is imp l ied a s l a id o n i ts top . Both ve fl'
e l s , when fou nd ingraves
,or wi th ftone or bra fs figu res, or wi th croffe s, are molt frequ en t l y o f th e
fimp le ll form bu t on bra fi‘
e s we meet wi th a greater v ariety of chalices . In the
1 6th centu ry they departed from the fimp le form, as in the hands o f a p rie fi, inSt . Margaret’s chu rch
,Roch e fie r, 1 5 4 0 . a nd u nder the in fcrip tion o f a re f lor o f
Stibe rt, in W a l fingh a m chu rch , Norfolk . See the p l ate, fig. I I . a nd 1 5 . A priefi:in Effingdon chu rch , Herts, holds a chal ice f ha p e d l ik e a teacup , fu rmou nte dby a wafer infcribe d (05 . See the Plate, fig . 1 4 .where is from the bra fso f a p rie fi in Hereford cathed ral, 1 Fig . 6 . i s carved on the fon ts in Sou th
fl e e t a nd Shorn e chu rches, Ken t . Fig. 9 . i s the chal ice nowin u fe in W igmore
chu rch , c. Hereford ; the date 1 5 7 r , on the flat o f the cover ’; the form a p
p ro a che s n e a re f’t to tho fe now in genera l u fe 4 .
I t is mo lt p robabl e that al l the fe v e fl'
e l s fo in terred being rather emblematicalo f the p ro fcffion o f the p arty than his privat e p ropert y (for i t i s not to befu ppofe d the p a ri fh cou ld p art wi th thei r commu n ion-p l ate) were madeo f me a n e f meta], filv e re d over,
’
as the rings in terred with p relates weregi l t 5 a nd with th is re firiftion we mu fi u nd e rfta nd Mr. B lomfie ld
’
s accou n t, th atu nder a co ffin- fa fh ione d (l o n e in Difs chu rch , wa s fou nd, 1 70 5 , a n en t i re ike l eton ,
wi th a fi/o e r chal ice by its head6. So alfo that o f thefi/o e r p at ten, th in a nd
an t ien t , wi th a fine radi ated head of C hrift fou nd in the chu rch at Ki rkton in
Holl and 7 a nd th at fou nd in the fuppofe d tomb o f W i l l i am Ru fu s in the l aftcen tu ry 9. That fou nd wi th Bifhop Bitton at Exeter is cal l ed bafe filo e r, a nd i tis remarkable that the confe cra te d wafer, covered wi th a l ine n cloth, wa s fu ppo fe d to have been bu ried with h is chal ice a nd p aten . Ke yfl e r
9quotes a vari et y
of au thorit ies, to ibewthat thi swa s no u n freq u ent p raél ice . Mr. Dra k e I ocal ls two
Mr. Gre e n, in Ge nt . Ma g. 1772 . vo l XLI I. p . 168 . whe re the cha l ice it e ngra ve d.Ge n t. Ma g. 1 773 . vol . XLl l l . p .
Tha t a t St . l’cte t’s Ma ne roft , Norwich, is da te d 1 569. B lomf. 1l . 61 3 . Mr. Gre e n dc
'
fcribcs a rude filve r cha l icea t We lch Bickne r, c . Monmouth, da te d 1 176 . Ge nt. Ma g. X XVI . p . 2 39. 1756. Mr. Pe nna n t , one of pu re go ld, a t
W e lfli poo l . W a l e s , Se c a rchbifltop Sa ndys'l priva te cha l ice , which he ufe d a bro a dJ n Dr. Na fli
’s Wo rce fl . l l . 1 14 .
4 Thre e cha l ice s 0. on e a ch a wa fe rA. occur in the windows o f ma ny churche s in Norfol k, a nd on fome bra fTe t . Mr.
B lomfie ld ca l l s thém the e mbl ems o f the p t ie flhood.
" I. 603 . 648.Se e Bifh op s Grnfi he a d a nd B i tton ,
in the i r re fpe él ive a rt icl e s . Se e a l fo the cha l ice p a inte d on the wa l l of the va u ltwhe re in Humphre y duk e of Glouce fle r l ie s a t. St .Alba n's , fig. 1 3. a nd a no the r found in a [l one cofiin the re , a nd p re fe rvcdin the locke r . Fig. 5 .
Blomf. Hi ll . o f No rf. I . 14 . but in il l! MS. pe ne s me , he de fcribe i it a s l mm bur ie d in l e a the r, in a prie fl't
ha bi t , wi th a lma ll fi lve r cup on his bre a fi .
7 Sp a lding Soc i e ty's Minu te i . Se e p. 1 5. Antiqui t. Se ptcntr. p . 174 .
Ebora cum, p . 4 71 . Se e the pl a te fig. 8 . u . 16. F ig . 3 . is fro m a fh ie l d in hi ll top Sta infb uty ’s cha pe l , in He re ford
ca the dra l : the cha l ice l s furmounte d by the dra gonwhich St. John it fa id to ha ve e x orcife d out of it.
t l x it i
th a t we re found in the graves of two a rchbifhop s of York , a nd are ftil l th ewn inthe ve il-try o f the cathedral , fil-v e r
’
ones : a nd adds, there are with them fomeothers o f lea d, t aken ou t of fe v e ra l gr
'
a ves on l ay ing the n ew p avemen t . Si r
W' i l l i am Dugdale fays , that in the barbarou s ra nfa ck ing o f the monument s in
Old St . Pau l’s du ring the ci v i l wa r, he cou ld never hear that they fou nd morethan a ring or two, wit h rubi es, a nd a chal ice o f no great valu eMr. Carter, l ate verger at Sal isbu ry, told me , the body o f bi lhop Wood v i l l e, who
d ied 1 4 8 3 , h a d been fou nd in a ftone coffin, with a ca ndle fl ick .
In d igging a grave at Lamport wa s found a fione cofli n , not very d eep in th eground, a nd fe eming fa f
‘
te ne d t o th e wal l,con tain ing mou ld a nd bon e s decayed .
At the head wa s a ca ndl e fi ick , fu ppo fe d p ewter, qu i te rotten at the feet 1 l argei ron key . I t ma y be doubted, i f this fuppofe d ca ndl e fl ick wa s not mifi a k e n fort he (b a it o f a chal ice, a s in the infia nce beforemen t ioned . Mr. B ridges thoughti t probabl e that th i s pe rfon wa s Accol yte a nd Ofl ia riu s, whofe office W a s to t ake
care o f the chu rch doors a nd ca ndl e fi ick s (fomewh a t l ik e o u r fo x ton ) a nd he
wa s in ve fie d by del i very o f a key by the bifhop or min ifl e r ; who , to p reven tal teration of the key s, took a d rawing or de fcription o f them . The fame cere
mon y’
fe ems to h ave been p ra él ice d wi th regard to other orders in the chu rch
a nd ma y accoun t for the chal ices fou nd in ant i en t graves, wh ich Whitby
a nd . Bingham 3 imagined con tained the Euch a rift in both k inds ; bu t wh ich
fe eme d on l y in tended to f hew that the p e rfon there bu ried h a d been a bl lhopor prie ft, l ike t he frequ en t portrait s o f re l igiou s hold ing chal ices on the i r bre a fl sor in thei r hands 4 . The chal ice, t hough fou nd in the coffi n s of bi(h0p s , never
appears on thei r monumen ts .
In d igging in the choi r o f th e p a rif h chu rch of Cha rte n a y fou s Baigneu x,n ear Sceau x they fou nd te n or twel ve tombs of p l a fte r 5 , in each of wh ich wa sat lcail one pot of grey earth wi th l i tt le re d fi rip e s , fu l l o f a lh e s a nd coa ls, in
fome three or fou r, a nd fome time s alfo a l i tt l e ph ial . The l ike p ots were
found in other cofii ns in the o l d chu rchyard of the p a rifh above h alf a qu arter
o f a league from the town . A p l a te of coppe r, wi th a buck l e , wa s alfo fou ndon a bone o f the a rm,
wh ich i t had eaten 6
, a nd colou red wi th ru ff . j ohnB e l e th, who l i ved in the 1 2 th Cen tu ry, in a tre a tife on the ceremon i al o i' th e
chu rch , fays, i twa s cu ftoma ry to put hol ywater, coals, a nd inc e nfe ’ in to tombs : th e
firfi to dri ve away the dev i l, the fe cond to keep off the i l l fme l l , a nd theto fh ew that the ground W a s not to be app l ied to a ny other u fe s . This t u ftomwa s fal ling into difu fe abou t 1 2 8 6. He adds, that in h is t ime none bu t thebod ies o f fain t s were to be bu ried wi th in the chu rch , which Du rand con finesto th e chancel. Su ch po ts, to whateve r u fe s they fe rve d , were fou nd in the tomb
o f Phi l ip , fun o f Lewi s Ie Gros, who died 1 1 6 1 , a nd wa s bu ried in the chu rch’
o f Notre Dame, a nd in the tomb at Cocherel], al ready de fcribe d , p . l xv i i 9 .In t he lockers at St . Alban’s abbey chu rch they ib ewtwo pots fo d ifferen t from
the general it y o f Roman u rns, a nd fou nd, as fe ve ra l more have fince been wi th inthe n ave o f the chu rch , among a nd n ear {l on e cofii ns, th a t I a m tempted to fu fpe é
’
t
the ywere intended to rece ive the bowel s of the p art ies de po l i te d in the coffin s .Of the two {ti l l fh ewn there one i s broken, o f a l ight p al e re d earth, u ngl azed,terminat ing in a poin t l ike one engraved by Cou n t Cay lu s in h is Recu ei l V I .
p l . II. 1 . which its infe rip tion
X AP I
A E T K O N 0 E T E.
p roves to h ave been fe pu lchra l . The other glazed l ike ou r common Du tch
St. P a u l's , p. 4 8 . Ido l a try of Ha ll Worihip , fp e a king of cha l ice s dug ou t of gra ve : of e ccle fia ftics in the
church of S a turn,ofwhich he wa s przr ce ntor. Ant iq . XV . c . 4 . 10.
Hi ll . o f Northamp tonfh ire , l l . 1 1b. whe re is give n a ple a fa n t tra d i tion of fuch a figure in Geddington church, tha tthe pa rty d ied a : he wa s ce lebra t ing the Eucha ri/t .
5 Plot” . ra n k . a qua bmedifl a (d pr a iri e cumtbun .
Lib. I . c. 5 . mu .9 Hill de l
’Ae a d. da lnfcr. V.
ware,
l x x n
Ware, re fembling a fru i t p a n, wi th a cover, a nd two a nfae , a nd a fca l l'
o
'
pt borde rround its u pp
er rim. Both were found fi l led wi th du l‘
t or white mou ld, a nd
fu th 1 a m in formed by Mr. Ken t the p re fe nt fe x ton are n ownot unfrequ en t l y
fou nd , bu t rare l y taken u p whole.
Such wa s probabl y the u fe o f the numerou s earthen ve ffe ls fou nd in Fa irwe l l
a nd Yo x a l l ch u rch, before men t ioned, p . xvi . to which (h ou ld have been added
twen t y t wo others, two feet u nder the floo r, in Ch a rborough chu rch, Dorfer,hav ing u nder them the bones o f eleven lk e l e tons
In t he fami l y v au l t o f the Hu ngerfords at F arley ca ftlc, the bowel s of th e
l a lt bra hc‘
ne s o f that fam i l y, who d ied (0 late as the midd le o f the l a ll: centu ry,were cnclo le i l in g l azed earthen pots or jars covered with white leather, one of
which being late ly by acc ident broken to p ieces difmve re d the heart, St e . pre
ferr ed in l iquor. There ftil l remain s in the vau l t a l arge cyl indrical v a fa of l ead,inclo l ing the l ike con ten ts .
H EAR I S a nd BOWE L S were not u n frequ ent l y , i f not gen eral l y, lodged fe p a ra te lyfrom thei r bod ies;
we hav e al ready feen th at the bowels, tongu e, heart, eyes, a nd bra in s, of
Henry 1. were bu ried together; fe p a ra te from h is body , in the chu rch o f St.
Mary de Pre , at Rou enThe body o f Richard I . wa s bu ried at Pon tey rau d ; his heart at Roan , in
memory o f the hearty l ove that city a lways bore him; a nd h is bowels at Ch a lu z ,at the liege o fwh ich he W a s ki l l ed, for a difgra ce o f their untha nkfu ln e fs 3.King john’s bowels were bu ried at Cro xden abbey 4 .Henry l l l
‘
s at Font Ey rau d 5.
Queen Eleanor’ s at Linco l n , where {h e had a monumen t, the coun ter”
p art o f that at We l’
tminfie r ; fe e p . 66.
The bowe ls o f Ra nu lph de Blundvil e , fix th earl of Che fte r, were bu ried at
W a l l ingford, where he d ied 1 2 3 2 , h is heart at Die u l a cre s abbey, which he hadfou nded, a nd h is body, with tho fe o f the other earl s
‘
, in Obe fie r chap ter-hou fe6.
Tho fe of Gilbert Ma rlh a l l earl of Pembroke, 1 2 4 1 , before th e high al t ar ofSt . Mary’ s chu rch, Hert ford 7
.
The mang l ed l imbs of S imon de Mont fort a nd Hugh De fpe nce r were cl ifpofe do f among d ifferen t rel igiou s hou fe s 8 .The heart o f W i l l i am de Eltou te vil le a rchbilh op of Rou en wa s bu ried in the
choir o f h is ca thedra l , in the'
tomb o f his pre de ce ffor St . Ma u ril e , who d ied I 067 9.
That o f Stephen brother o f Alan the Black a nd Re d wa s bu ried at St . Mary’sabbey, York, a nd h is body in the mon a lt ry of Begar in Bretagne,The heart of Giffard bill i op o f W inche lte r, who d ied I I 2 9 , wa s fou nd not the
lead decayed, in d igging down a wa l l at the North Weft e nd o f W averley abbey,in a ftone locu lu s, in two leaden d i di es fo lde re d together, a nd fi l led with fp i~
rits, now in the hands o f Mr. Mart yr of Gu i lford .
The heart o f Richard Poore bilhop o f Du rham, 1 2 3 7, wa s bu ried atTa rt a n:Monkton nu nnery, which he fou ndedThe heart of on e of the Ralph Sc0pha ms, lords of the manor o f B ria n lton,
c . Dorfer, in the reign o f H e nry l l l . a nd Edward I . wa s buried near the fon tthere, as appears by the in fcrip tion H ie ja ce t cor Ra du/pbi de
l2a m ”.
That o f Mat i lda de Hall ings, firlt wi fe of Gilbert de Peche lord of Barnwell ,wa s bu ried in p lumbe o la ce/Io, before the high altar of that p riory, n ear herchi ldren the re a fon a fligne d for which is, that her body cou ld not be brou ghtfrom St . Mary Ove re y, where (h e died, to be bu ried there, as (h e de l i re d, be ca ufeof the then t roubles, bywhich mul l he mean t the baron s wars '3
.
“w him:Do rfct. l l . 18 5. Hove de n, 3 76, it . At Re nne s ; Rob. of Gloc. p . 446.i Ma t. Pa ris , p . 196.
N a “Pa m , l b. l ooé . Dugda l e , B a ron . l . 4 5 . e x Chron. Te wklb ury, MS. in Bib. Cotton.
3“ P S" 5“ P 5 5 5! 90. Molepu , Voya ge li te ra irc dc Fra nce , p . 1 74 . Bloml‘
. Norf. I . 65 5.B u ‘d ‘im 88 '
I 'i3“ P~ 4 3‘ Hi l l . of B a rnwe l l a bbey. p . 18 . e x Reg. f. 16.
6 That
lxxi i i
That o f Ethe lma re hilltop of W inche lte r, Who d ied 1 26i , Wa s found in aVafe, a nd bu ried by the Sou th wal l of the choir there, wi th a n infe ription
Stephen Longe fp e e’
s at Bra de nfiok e ; bu t h is body at Lacock ; the heart of
hi s brother N icholas, bi lhop of Sarum, at Lacock, his bowel s at Ra mlbu ry, hisbody at SarumThat of Peter de Aqu a bl a nc, bilhop of Hereford, who died 1 2 68 , wa s bu ri ed
at a mon a lte ry o f h is founding at Aigu es bel les in S avoy, of which p l ace h efe ems to h ave been a nat ive.The heart of Richard earl o f Cornwal l wa s de po l i te d u nder a fumptuou s
p yramid, in the Grey Fri ars, Oxford, 1 2 7 23
H is wi fe Ifa be l Wa s bu ri ed at Beau l i eu , her heart in a filve r cup at Tewk fbu ry, a nd her bowels at Mifl
'
e nde n abbey 4.
The heart o f Hen ry (on to Richard k ing of the Roman s murdered 1 2 96,
wa s bu ried in the coffin wi th St . Edward, at W e lim'
in lte r 5 .
Robert e arl o f Me l l e nt’
s in falt a nd lead 6. Cor Robert i de Me l l e n to a dhu c in
hofp ita l ita te de B ra cl e ye in tegrum in p lumbo fale fe rv a tum habetu rThe heart of Robert Bruce king of Scot land, who d ied 1 3 2 9 , wa s con veyed
to J e rufa l e m, a nd bu ried n ear the hol y fe pu lchre , by J ames 8 th lord,
o f
Douglas, whore fami l y h a d the add it ion o f a heart G . imperial l y crown ed, ina fi eld A Ou r Edward I . d irected hi s heart to be carried to the fame p lace.The heart o f Charles V . king o f France, [ 1 3 8 0] be ne fa ftor to the cathedral o f
Rou en i s bu ried in the choir there, u nder a tomb o f bl ackmarble, whereon is hiseffigy holding h is heart in his hand 9
.
The heart of the Emperor Leopold.who d i ed 1 7 0 5 , wa s pu t into a filve r box ,a nd wi th great ceremon y d e po l ite d in the chapel o f Loretto beh ind the highaltar of the chu rch o f the barefooted Augu ftin e s at V ienn a ; h i s bowels,
'
wi t hl ike ceremony, in the cathedral ch u rch of St . Stephen , a nd h is body in the
chu rch of the Capuch in s in the fame c it y
Infia nce s o f th i s p ractice were very common in France, a nd i t {ti l l obt ain s fou n ive rl
’
a lly abroad that thewal l s of the p rinc ip al co nven tu al chu rches are coveredwith fumptuous memorials o f the fe ve ra l heart s fen t from d iff eren t cou n t ries a nd
d e po l i te d u nder them.
Prince Arthur’s heart wa s bu ried in the chancel of the chu rch at Lu dlow, bu tth e infcription a ga in lt the North wal l has been wa lhe d over a nd forgotten . Theheart wa s taken up in a ti l ver box , a nd found to be doubl e, or as they cal l it
there tfwiflney, a nd the box embezzl ed by the fe x ton, who wa s difmifi'
e d fromh is p l ace. I p e rfu a de d myfe l f I h a d difcove re d th e memorial o f th is inter
men t when I re vifi te d th is chu rch, Ju ne 7 , 1 78 4 , a nd obfe rve d a ga in (t the wal l
o f the North tra n fe pt a he a rt carved in fton e ; bu t the infcription on i t wa s for
Simon W i l l i ams o f Merioneth, c . Caern arvon, There i s another ftone
o f the fame form, bu t bl ank ; a nd a third in the chape l of the Sou th ai le, in
fe ribe d to Robert Vaugh an o f Me rion e thfhire ,
The bowel s o f W alter Sk irl aw billtop o f Du rham,who died 1 4 0 5 , were
bu ried at Howden ,in Y ork lh ire , where remain s a fla b, wi th a crofs, a nd thi s
infe ription
H ie requiefcunt fv i/ce ra Wa lte rz'
Stir/a w, qua e
f ep e liuntur f a b bocfa x o. An‘
oD’m
'
1 4 0 5 .
Ga l e 's H i ll . ofWinche ll e r, p . 24 . S a ndford, p. 1 16. Dugd a le , Ba r . I. 764.4 The r a fter in je n ive r l fa be l is wi feConte fl
'
e of G louce ll re l e t a t Be rcounll a de yt l ifel bu re d he o wa s a t Be u lu , ir ha rte ibured isAt Te uke lburi a it gon e : a t Me ll
'
e nde ne iwio. Robe rt of Gloc. p. 518, 5 39. Se e p . 4 2.
5 Stowe 's Lo nd . 16 18 . p . 866.6 Hil l . of Northampton, l . 14 5 . Kn ig‘hton, col. z 346.
Fordun Xl l l . a o. Bucha na n , VIII . c. 5 8 . Dougl a s Pe e ra ge , 18 3.9 Mo le on. Voy . L iter. dc Fr. p. 1 74 . S a ndford, p. 8 19.
t
l x X-i'
v j
The heart a nd bowel s o f Mi les Sal le y bifho p of La nda fi'
,who died 1 5 10,
were, by his wi l l , bu ried before the high a lt a r ot'
the ch u rch at Mathern, where
his e p il'
cop a l I‘J l i l t'
C wa s his body in th e Ga wnt or St . Mark ’s chape l , Bri ll o lThe heart o f Thomas Ske vingto n bi-fho p of Bangor, who d ied 1 5 3 4 , wa s
bu ried u nde r a co mmon lto n e , e lo le by the North wa l l , with in the rai l s o f thealta r o f his cathedra l , wh ich he rebu i l t 1 5 3 2 ; I t wa s inclofe d in a fma l l leaden
'
e o flin,made in form o f a heart. When bi-fhop H umphrey s wa s at fchoo l a t
Ba ngor, 1 665 , i t l ay u'
nder a loofe {to n e o f the p avemen t : he h a d feen i t o ftent aken u p , a nd h a d it in h is hands . A fter he came to O x ford one
“
o f the fchoo l
boy s opened the co ffin , a nd the heart wa s very int i re; bu t u pon the l ett ing inthe air it began to t u rn to du l l . Bifhop Morgan hearing o f th i s, ordered theli tt l e heart co lfin to be imm ed iatel y fo lde re d u p again, a nd bu ried deep , a nd the
i l ones we l l t'
a l l cne d o n ir,. a nd there i t re ltsAbou t 1 64 4 there wa s a heart d ug u p at the Friars l
’re a che rs, Oxon . I t
wa s c lo fe d in l ead, a s big. as the bole o f a man's hat ; a nd when it wa s openedthe heart l ooked as fre lh a s if it h a d been bu ried but a week . W hat e l fe wa s inthe l ead W'
oml h a d no t heard ; but Mr. Smi th o f Bra fe n-nofe Co l l ege h a d the
lead ; fome thought there wa s a crucifi x in it . Mr. W ren ch th e ga rdener to ld .
\Vond there wa s fu ch a th ing fou nd at the B l ack Fri ars, with the date on i tMr. Ma tte rs repairing h is chancel at Landbeach , 1 7 5 9 , fou nd in a cav i t y o f a
p i l l ar a human heart, wrap t u p in f ome thing fibrou s, l ike hair or woo l , p e rh aps fp ik e na rd , a nd inclo fe d between two di lh cs or bowl s o f fyca mo re , or fome
f ol'
t wood cemented together by l in n en . The cavit y o f the p i l l ar wa s coveredby a f qu a re l io u e carved with a ro fe , beh ind which wa s a nother l ton e
, fou rinches a nd a qu arter by th ree inches three qu arters , a nd o ne in ch thick , cc
m e nte d to the fi rlt with p i tch . He fu ppo fe d th is heart be l onged to fome cruf a tle r
,or fou nder, or to Ch-a mbe rl a yn, or Bray, lords o f manors here. It is now
in the B ritifh Mufe um .
l n aff i x ing a mu ral‘ mo nu ment to a p i l l ar o f Kirkwal l cathedral the workman{tru ck his too l into a fqu a re ho l low con tain ing a qu an t i ty o f h uman bones , t iedu p with ribband, in al l p robabi l i ty the rel ics o f St . Magn u s , par t o f whofe bone sare ( a id to have been ( le pofi te d here, a nd perhaps n ever (l ifturbe d before 4 .In St . N icho l as‘ chapel, in W e ftminfie r Abbey
,i s a p yramid, fupporting
a cu p , in which is inc lofe d the heart o f Anne Soph ia Har l ey, a n infan t o f ayear o ld
, who wa s daughter o f the Hon . Chrift0ph e r Harley, a mba fla de r fromthe French King, a nd d ied 1 600 .
In a ch a pe l o n the fide o f Hen ry Vl l th’
s, in the fame ch u rch , i s another p yramid o f bl ack a nd whi te marb l e fu ppo rting a fma l l u rn , in which is con t ained th eheart o f Efme Stu art, fon o f the duke o f Richmond a nd Lenox,Who d ied in FranceAt the age o f te n years
, 1 660 .
The heart o f Arthu r Capel earl o f Elf e x ,who wa s found mu rdered in th e Towe r168 3 , is inc lofe d in a marb l e cafe in form o f a n heart, a nd kep t in the fam il y(eat at C a l
'
h iobu ry, where l have feen it lying in the hal l window.
Dr. Richard Ra wl in fon’
s heart wa s bu ried in th e chap el o f St. John‘ s Coll ege
,
O x ford . H is body in St. Gile s'
s chu rch there, hav ing in his right-hand the heado f Co u nfe l lor Layer, which he p u rch a fe d o f Mr. john Pearce, the nonju ri ng a t
torney, after i t wa s b lown down from Temp le-ba r.
S ir W i l l i am Temp l e’ s heart wa s bi frie d by h is own de fire in a fi lve r bo x
, u nderthe d ia l in h is garden at More Park
,Surrey.
W i l l i s ’ La nda ff , p. (n .
Bp . Humphre y’s Add it ions to Wood‘
l Athe na 0x. in He a rne ': C a iu l , I I . 614.3 Woo d'l M emora nd a , a t the e nd o i H e a rne
’
t L ibe r Ni ge r Se t cca rii, p . 58 3 . z d. ed it:
Lowe 's MS.
Archbil’
hop
lxxvi
H a ving th u s d ifcufi'
e d th e fe v e ra l a pp e nd a ge s of ou r inte rme nts, l e t u s a tte nd”t o a fe w in tl a nce s o f e x tr a o rd in a ry pre fe rv a tion of bod ie s in the ir re fp e ftive
gra ve s .The body o f a rchbifhop El phe ge , who wa s mu rde re d by the D a n e s a t Gre e n
wich, 1 0 r 2 , a nd bu rie d a t London , wa s fou nd te n ye a rs a ft e r a b omm’
corruptiom
'
r Inbe immune , a nd t ra n sfe rre d to C a nte rbury
The co rp fe of Ethe l tlrith a , fou ndre fs o f Ely mon a fle ry, wa s fe e n through a n
ho le which th e Da ne s brok e in he r co ffin ; a prie li , mo re forwa rd th a n the re ft,
p rying too ho l i l y, a nd e nde a vou ring to p u l l the e nve lop e ou t by a c le ft fl ick , the
fa int drew ba ck the d ra pe ry fo h a ftily th a t th e t rip t u p his he e l s, a nd ga ve him
fuch a fa l l a s he ne ve r re co ve re d , nor his fe nfe s , a fte rwa rds . Bifhop Athe lwoldflopt u p the ho le , a nd fubftitute d monk s to the prie fts . Abbo t Brithno th tra nf
fe rre d h ith e r the body o f Withbu rga the foundre fs’s fi lte r ; a nd whe n a fte rwa rds,
in the t ime o f a bbot Rich a rd, forne doubts we re e n te rt a ine d a bou t the inco rrnp tibil ity o f the foundre fs , nobody p re fume d to e x a mine h e r body, bu t the yconte nte d themfe lve s wi th u nco ve ring th a t of he r fi ll e r ultra ma mma r, who wa sfou nd to be in fuch good pre fe rv a tiort th a t fhe fe eme d mo re l ike a p e rfon a fl e e p
t h a n de a d a fiik cu fh ion l a y u nde r he r h e a d, he r ve i l a nd v e fime n ts a l l fe eme d
a s good a s new, he r comp le x io n c le a r a nd rofy, he r te e th white , he r l ip s fomewh a t fhru nk , a nd he r bre a fts re duce d ’
.
In the ye a r 1 4 97 , in the mone th of Ap ril , a s l a bou re rs digge d for the found a t ion o f a wa l l with in the chu rch o f St . M a ry H i l l, n e re u n to Be l infga te , the yfo u nd a co ffin o f ro t te n t imbe r, a nd the re in the co rps o f a woma n who le o f{k inne a nd o f bone s u ndifl
'
e ve re d, a nd the joynts of he r a rms p l ya ble wi thou tbre a king o f the ik in, u pon who fe fe pu lche r th i s wa s e ngra ve n
H e re l ye the bodie s o f R ich a rd H a ckne y, fiih monge r, a nd
Alice h is wife , which Rich a rd wa s (he rifi'
in the 1 s th of Edwa rd I I.
H e r body wa s k e pt a bove ground thre e or fou r d a ye s wi thou t noy a nce ; bu tthe n i t wa x e d u n fa vory, a nd wa s a ga in bu ri e din the cu rio u s a nd a nt ie nt regil l e rs o f th is p a rif h is the fo l lowing e n try, a l
l ud ing to thi s fa tft : A re ce ip t o f fe v e n fhil lings a nd e ight pe nce from johnB a lk e d, groce r, p a id by Thoma s Go lyn, 1 4 96, for the obyt a nd fe ttyng upthe tombe a nd bu rye nge o f Rich a rd H a k ne y a nd Alys h is wyfl
'
, the xx d a y o fMa rche .
” And in a nothe r book a ch a rge for l yme , find, a nd for th e ma fon ’
s
hu yr a nd h is l a bore r, ma k ing a geyne o f the i r tombe , a nd the i r dyrge , a nd
ma lTe , a nd ma ll'
e p e ny, a nd for the ryilk yng to the prie lts, a nd to the p a ri(h ion e rsfor a l ma ne r o f ch a rge s .
”
The body o f Robe rt Bra ybrokc bi lh op of London, who d ie d 1 4 04 , a nd wa sbu rie d in his ca the dra l , though he h a d e x pre fsly fo rbidde n a ny p e rfons to be
bu rie d in i t'
u nde r p a in o f e xcommu n ica t ion, be ing dug up a fte r th e fire , wa sfo u nd comp le te a nd comp a ct from he a d to foo t, e xce p t a n a ccide n ta l wou nd inthe le ft fide o f the fcu l l a nd l e ft hre a lt, with in which on e might p e rce i ve the
lu ngs a nd e n tr a i l s d ri e d u p , wi thou t d ifi'
o l u tion, or a ny k ind o f de ca y Notwithfia nd ing i t h a d be e n e x po fe d to the a ir on the d a mp e a rth or grou nd floor of thech a p te r-hou fe , a nd to the l ight a nd h a nd l ing of mo lt fpe cta tors for two or thre eye a rs toge th e r, the fle lh k e p t firm on the n e ck , a nd the whole we ight of thebody, which wa s but n ine pounds, wa s fupporte d on the t ip toe s, the bone s a nd
Ma lmlb . dc ge ll . re g. l ] p. .35 a . l b l 67. h.
3 S to n e , Le nd. 1 1 7. Ed F rom F a bia n'a Chronicle .Se c Lord Cole ra ne 5 a ccount of 'i t, Antiqua ria n Re p e rtory, II. p . 57
n e rv e s
Ix x'
vii
n e r'
ve s continu ing a l l a s th e ywere fire tche d ou t a fte r de a th, without ha v ing a n ?
Egy p t i a n a rt u fe d to ma k e mummy o f the ca rca fe , for on the clo l e ft e x a min a t ioni t did not a pp e a r to h a ve be e n e mbowe l le d or e mba lme d a t a l l . On the right
che e k Wa s fle lh a nd h a i r, ve ry v ifibl e , e nough to gi ve fome no t ice o f his v if age
a nd l l a tu re , which wa s bu t o rd in a ry , a nd (0 e a fy to be t a ke n u p , by re a fon o f the
l ightne ls of the who le body , tha t i t cou ld be he ld -u p with on e h a nd, a nd a l l o f i tlooke d ra th e r l ik e tinge d ba con , a s if i t h a d be e n drie d up in a hot p la ce (a cco rd~
ing to the a ppe a ra nce o f St . Ch a rle s a t Mil a n , o r St . C a th a r in e a t Bo logn a ) . th a n
a s if it h a d be e n cu re d by fo rge on s, or wr a p t u p in ce re clo th , the re be ing no p a rt
o f the who le cove re d o r p u t on by a rt, or t a k e n off a s a fore fa id, a s fa r a s cou ld be
p e rce iv e d .
The body o f W i l l ia m Pa rr, ma rqu i s o f No rth a mpton , broth e r to Qu e e n C a th ar in e Pa rr, who d ie d 1 5 7 I , wa s fo u nd in ma k ing a commo n gr a v e in th e cho i r o fSt . Ma ry’s chu rch , W a rwick
,a bou t p e rfe ct , a nd the {k in int i re , dri e d to
th e bone s, ro fe m a ry a nd ba y l y ing in the co ffin fre fh a nd gre e n, p re fe rv e d bythe dryn e fs o f the grou nd, i t be ing a bove the a rch e s o f th e fa i r v a u lt u nde r t hecho i r, a nd o f (a nd mixt wi th l ime rubbifh
The body o f Dr . C a iu s , who d ie d 1 5 7 3 , wa s found in t ire a nd p e rfe ct whe n
the ch a p e l a t h is co l le ge wa s re bu i l t a nd le ngth e n e d 1 7 2 5 , a nd his tomb ra ife d
from the grou nd, a nd p l a ce d in the wa l l a s i t now {l a nds H is be a rd wa s v e rylong, a nd on comp a ring his p ictu re with hi s vifa ge , it is l a id th e re wa s a gre a t
re fembl a nce 3.
The body o f Humph re y duk e of Gloucefie rwa s found int ire , in p ickl e , i n a
v a u l t in the cho i r a t St . Alba ns, 1 7 4 7 ,
Some bod ie s o f th e Enga yn e fami l y we re not ma ny ye a rs a go difcove re d in the
fa me {l a t e in re p a i r ing the fa mi l y v a u l t ne a r Upminfte r.
In the Sou th a i le o f the cho i r o f the a bbe y chu rch a t B a th is a fre e fton e monu
me nt , a k ind o f fa rcoph a gu s u nde r a ca nop y fupporte d by fix p i l l a rs of the
Ionic o rde r. In th e fa rCOph a gu s a re lodge d two bodie s, in fl ight oa k’
coffins, on e
u pon a noth e r. The ma n,who l ie s up pe rmofl, i s re duce d to a fk e l e ton, with
th e fk in comp le te l y d ri e d on the bre a i’t a nd be l l y, a nd the h a i r of his he a d,chin, a nd che ft , p e rfe ct ly p re fe rve d, th a t on his he a d th in a nd re d . His he a d
r e cl in e s to the right , the jaw fa l le n, his a rms fire tche d by his fide , the right h a n d
l ie s on his right thigh ; th e left a rmp e nda n t ; the n a i l s on the gre a t toe a nd
t hi rd toe o f his le ft foo t p e rfe ct a nd long, a nd the l e a de r o f th e l e g com
p ie te ; the to e s o f the right foo t l e fs p e rfe Ct. The body me a fu re s five fe e t te n
i nch e s . Pie ce s of the wra p p e r rema in be twe e n th e th ighs a nd l e gs . The
woma n , who , by be ing p l a ce d unde r the oth e r co ffin , wa s not difcove re d t i l lwi thin th e l a lt fix or fe y e n y e a rs, i s comp le te l y inve lop e d in a wra ppe r o f l inne n
incru fte d wi th wa x , or fome pre p a ra t ion , wh ich , wh e n firft ope ne d, wa s white ,bu t
'
i s nowtu rn e d to a ye l lowco lou r ‘. Th e ou te r fwa thing i s gone , bu t the we bb
o f the l inn e n ma y be fe e n in th a t p a rt wh ich h a s be e n brok e n in to, a nd which
d ifco ve rs the le ft h a nd d ri e d l ik e the ma n’s, a nd l y ing on the be l l y . Th i s
co rp fe me a fu re s‘
five fe e t fou r inch e s, a nd the he a d re cl ine s to the le ft . By
the f a l l ing o f the ma n’s ja w i t ma y be pre fume d h is corp fe wa s n e ve r fwa the d .
Tra d it ion, fup po rte d by fome pr int e d a ccou n t wh ich I h a ve not be e n a ble to
me e t with, a fcribe s th is monume n t to one Tboma r Lycbzfie ld (Lu ta n ifi to Qu e e n'
Eliz a be th ) a nd Ma rga re t his wife . The a rms on the top a re B a rry or a fe fs
croft by a be nd . C re fi, a n a rme d a rm a nd h a nd ho ld ing a r ing or ga rl a nd .
It is p re te nde d th a t a fum of mone y wa s le ft to h a v e the monume n t Op e n e d a t
Dngd . Ba r. l l . 38
Blomf. No t f. l l . z t z .
l dem C o lle él . C a muhi p. 100. Se e a curious a ccount of the emba lme nt of a corpfe ne a r Riom in Auve rgne .'
Ge a t. Ma g. XXVI . p. i l k —El k
ce rt a in
l xxvi ii 1
r e f ra in thttcd t ime s ; but th is de pe nds intire l y on the confe nt of the chu rch
wa rde ns, bywho le fa vou r l wa s pe rmi t te d to ta k e a viewth i s fumme r [ i 7 8 4 ],a nd th e re by e na ble d to gi ve the a bove p a rt icu l a rs.Abou t the ye a r we re fo u nd in St. M a rga re t
’s chu rch ya rd, W e fiminfie r,
in a d ry gra ve l l y fo i l, a t th e de pth o f a bou t e ighte e n fe e t, or l e fs, which h a d
not be e n brok e n u p fo r a bo ve fift y ye a rs be fo re , th re e e n t i re fir comu s, the two
l a rge ll cl a mpt toge the r with i ron , a s bo x e s fome time s a re . In one wa s a fa t
bro a d fa ce d ma n , the body pe rfe ct a nd fo ft, a s i f jufi de a d ; the l id h a d be e n
gle wcd toge the r l e ngthwife , a nd the we ight o f the e a rth h a d pre ft down h is
no te his he a rd wa s a bo u t h a lf a n inch long, the wind ing fhe e t wa s cra pe , t ie dwith bl a ck ribbon s a nd the thumbs a nd toe s with the l ik e
,the d a te wa s com
p ofe d of fma l l n a i l s , bywh ich i t a ppe a re d he h a d the n be e n de a d fe ve nty-two ye a rs, a s we re a lfo the figu re of a n hou r gl a fs, d e a th
's he a d a nd crofs
bone s . l o the fe cond co ffin wa s a fema le bo dy, in the fa me fta te , in a whitee ra pe wind ing (he e t , d a te 1 67 3 . And in the th ird a ma le ch i ld, pe rfe ct a ndbe a u ti fu l a s wa x wo rk , the e ye s ope rt a nd cle a r, bu t no d a te on the coffin . In
One o f the l a rge r co fli ns wa s a dry nofe ga y o f ba y a nd othe r le a ve s a nd flowe rs,which a ppe a re d l ik e a nofe ga y tha t h a d l a in a ye a r a mong linne n . The fe
bodi e s ch a nge d with in twe l ve hou rs a fte r the y we re e x po fe d
A woma n wa s found in the fame chu rchy a rd, 1 7 5 8 , in a n old cofli n . The
body wa s fou r fe e t e le ve n inch e s long, the {k in a nd fle ih in tire ly dr ie d up,
l ik e o ld p a rchme n t, which it much re fembl e d in co lou r. The fe a tu re s we re
p e rfe ct , e xce p t the nofe a nd p a rt of the u ppe r l ip, the n a i l s we re a l l on the
h a nds , a nd on the le ft foo t fome thing l ik e a ve ry th ick thre a d Rock ingA few y e a rs a go two d rie d bodi e s o f me n , who, by the infcriptions on the
co ffins, a pp e a re d to h a ve be e n a drumme r a nd t rump e te r to k ing Ge o rge I . we ret a k e n out o f th e v a u lts u nde r St . M a rtin's church in the Fie lds, a nd ma de a thewo f, t i l l Dr . Ha mi lton the re ctor o rde re d them to be re itore d to th e i r p l a ce s.To th e te ma y be a dd e d, the fa mou s infia nce o f a poo r p a ri fh boy, fuppofe d to
h a ve be e n (b u t in to a v a u lt in St . Boto lph’s chu rch, Aldga te , a nd fi a rve d to de a th,
a t the t ime o f the p l a gu e , 1 665 , fince which t ime the v a u l t wa s known not to
h a ve be e n ope n e d, wh e re he wa s found, 1 74 2 , wi th the fa nci e d ma rk s of h a vinggna we d h is th ou ldcr, o n l y pe rha p s be ca u fe his h e a d re c l ine d towa rds i t. Thetk in, fibre s, a nd in te fiine s we re a l l d rie d, a nd ve ry l itt le o f his bon e s a ppe a re d.
The body we ighe d a bou t e ighte e n pounds, a nd wa s a s e x act a counte r p a rt o fLichfie ld
's a s cou ld be . No figns of a ny emba lme nt a pp e a r, a nd the body is pe r
fe ctl y fre e from a ny fe t id or o the r fme l l 3 .
In Fe bru a ry, 1 7 5 0, in a v a u lt of the a nt ie n t family o f the_
Worths a t Sta v e r
ton ne a r Totne fs , De von , wa s found in a tingle woode n coffin the body of a
ma n e n ti re a nd u nco rru pt ; h is fie flt fo l id a nd not h a rd, h is jo in ts fie x ibl e a s if
ju it de a d, his fibre s a nd fl e lb re t a i ne d the ir n a tu ra l e l a fticity, hi s be a rd wa s bl a ck,a nd a bou t fou r inche s long, a nd the fle ih no whe re difco lou re d, the l ip s found, a ndfome o f the te e th loofe . The be a rd bl a ck , a nd fou r inche s long. The body
n e ve rwa s e mba lme d, a s th e re wa s no t the l e a ft fign o f incifion , a nd the bowe ls
(c e nt to be {t i l l in ti re . l t wa s wra p t in a l ine n fhe e t ve ry wh ite a nd dry, o ve r
which wa s a ta r cloth . The cod‘in l a y n ine fe e t u nde r wa te r. By the re gifie r it
a ppe a re d th a t the l a tt pe rfon buri e d in th is va u l t wa s Simon Wo rth , 1 669 , a nd
the t ra d i t ion of the p a rith wa s, th a t he d ie d in Fra nce or Fla nde rs, a nd wa s broughtOve r to be bu ried
Kirkpa trick's Rcflca ions on the ca ufcs tha t ma y re ta rd the putre fa a ion of de a d bodie s. i 75 t . Eva . p . 3 5 — 1 7.
Ge n t. Ma g. 1758. 571 .
3 It wa s in the pom-(Tron of Mr. I Roge r.o f Ma ide n-la ne , Wood-Gre e t, whe re I print of it, by R, Rege n , w" foldfo r two fliil lingl .
Kirkpa trick , ubi fup . p . viii.
Le l a nd
l xx x
ca fe A 'it‘h the bod ies at St roma, wh ich were l ight a nd th in, the l imbs flex ible ;ce rtain ligos o f ina rtificia l pre fe rva tionThe co rpfe brought from Te ne rifi
’
e by Cap t . You ng o f hi s Maje fty’s {h ip
“'
e a z le , a nd p re fe nte d to Lord Sandwich, who gave it to Trin it y Co l l ege,Cambr idge, i s in t i re, a nd perfect in al l it s part s . The {k in i s o f a deep tawn ybrown , d ry a nd hard. bu t many o f the mu fcu l a r p arts fo p rominent as to be
canl y defined . The body i s l aid ou t at fu l l length, the h ands brought togetherover the bel l y. The nai l s , exce pt a few, remain on the fingers a nd toes, bothwh ich are conne c
‘l e d a nd fe curcd by thongs, p robabl y of goat's leather, con
t inned rou nd each finger a nd toe . I t i s five feet o ne inch long, a nd weighson l y thirt y pou nds . The hair of the head, which ha s aimo li a l l fal len off fince
its e x po fu re , i s o f a d a rk if h bl ack colou r a nd cu rled deep l y, a fe w hai rs on the
c hin fhort a nd Riff. The face is the l e a ft perfect part , hav ing fufl'
e re d by, fome\ io le nce , a nd the u pper ja w on the r ight tide beat in, fo a s to be now n earlyin the middle o f the palate, a nd the p arietal bone on that fide p rojects contide ra hly over, yet there i s no app aren t fracture, fo that i t i s perhaps owing tothe re li t
‘
ta nce made by the ha rdne fs of the {k in in th at p l ace . The bones o fthe nofe we re g one
,a nd the ik in, in th is p art, is fo fle x ibl e a s to . be cap able
o f being f omewh a t elevated , a nd here i t feel s l ike tanned leather. A probe
p a lfcs freel y into the orbits o f the eyes, a nd qu ite back in to the cav it y of thefcu l l, through which the op t ic n erves p a fs, l ik ewife perpend icu larly into the fcu l lthrough a fma l l hole in the top o f the head. There appears to have been a n incifi on
made horizontal l y on the right fide o f the abdomen, which is fewe d up again,by which probabl y the in te ttine s were e x tra d e d . There are l ik ewife cu ts abou ta n inch long, on e on the back part of each thigh, a nd one on the calf o f eachl e g, through which a probe wi l l e a fily p a fs down ,
withou t a ny re fi fta nce . As theneck has never been cu t through, the mu fcl e s a nd tegument s being completel ywho l e al l rou nd , a nd there i s no mark o f the cran ium hav ing been fawnth rough, a nd the fca lp i s l ikcwife nearl y int ire, the brain can not have beenextracted by the former Opp e ra tion . May we not conj ectu re i t wa s l eft in
,a nd
h a s wa ited to du ft. This at lcail: i s known to be the appearance of i t s remainswhen examined in fcu l l s bu ried in common graves ’
. Cap tain Young acciden t al l ydifco v e re d the cave,which cont ained in i ts re ce ffe s a number o f human corpfe s, notlofs than th irty, l aid hori zont al l y on thei r backs on the rugged fione s, neatl y fewe du p in go a tlk in s with the hair on, a nd in many p arts very p erfect. The cave wa s inits natu ra l l’ta te , withou t a ny offe nfive fme l l from th e bod ies, a nd ye ilding
'
a re
fre rh ing coolne fs ’. Some o f the fe bod ies were (even feet o ne inch long, a nd h e
h a d ordered one o f the fe d ime nfions to be brought 05 ; but there wa s fome mift ake, which p revented his orders being obeyed . He wa s in formed there werema nv fnch caves fo fi l led in the ifl a nd, a nd held in foch reverence by the inhabita n ts , that i t wa s deemed fa crilegc to remove a ny o f the bodi es, not to me n
t ion that in genera l thei r fitu a tion is in a cce fli ble . The goat-{k in is o f a l ightbrown colou r, fe cmingl y tanned, a nd retain ing the hai r
,the fe am remarkabl y
fi t t ing a nd n eat, a nd the th read o f a fine t ough an ima l fubfia nce l ike catgu t.This accou n t is alfo gi ven by former travel l ers, by Mr. Nichol l s in Ha ck lu it’svoyage 4 , in Sprat
‘s Ir l ifldry o f the Roy al Society, a nd by O l afs in his accou n to f the Canaries ‘
. The l at ter adds,that after fwa thing the body rou nd wi th
bandages o f goa tfk ins , th e v fixed i t up right in a cave, clo a the d in the fame garment s as the de ce a fe d wore when al ive.
Lowe ’
s MS.
Ace t uunt o f thi s mummy by Dr. Co l l ignon.
3 Se e a curious a r on th'
s f b'
nre l . Xl l l . P 368 . $7:
I u JQ by the Rev. Dr. Lott, in the Minute hock of the Socie ty ofAnt iqua rie s,
Ka
lil“. I SI . Cop ie d in the Unive i fo l Hiflory, a nd the Fre nch Col le a ion of Voya ge s.c. 4 .
voyage ,
r. l xx xi‘
i
The p ract ice of embalming bodies app ears to be the moi’t anti en t a nd u n ive
'
rfa l,
from the p atriarchs a nd th e k ings of judah a nd l fra e l , to the moft barbarou s
n at ions , the Ind i ans in Sou th America, a nd the Incas o f Peru . The fubte rra
n e ou s vau l ts at Kiow on the Dn i ep er, thofe at Cat an a in Sic i l y, at Tou lou fe ,Bremen, a nd other p arts of the con t in en t, as wel l as in England, Scot land, a nd
e l fewhe re , ferve to (how, that the proe e fs i s not very difficu lt o r comp l icat ed,or the pre fe rva tion to be alway s a fcribe d to a ny a ntife ptie qu al it y in t he foi l or
re ceptacl e where the bodies were de po l ite d .
Aco lta men t ion s the body o f a n Inca fo whole a ndwel l pre fe rve d by a certain
rofin th at i t fe eme d al ive . Ga rcil a ffo de l a Vega fays, before he wen t to Spain
[ r5 7 8] hewa s al lowed a fight o f his de ce a fe d a nce ftors , whom he fou nd in t i re,c lo a the d as when al ive, in a fitt ing pofiu re , thei r h ands croft on their bre a fts,in which fi ate they had con t inu ed two hund red years when the Span i ards orderedt hem to be removed ou t of thei r chapel s, a nd oratories where they were wor
fla ipp e d . He fu ppofe d the method o f pre fe rving them wa s by carry ing them in to
fnowmoun tain s, where, after they were wel l d ried a nd congealed by the cold,they app l i ed bi tuminou s matter, which ma y p lump u p the fl e fh . Chard in
fays, that bodies in the la nds of Chora ffa n became dry as i f petrified .
The body of a chief at Otaheite wa s fou nd in t ire in every p art, a nd though i t
h a d been dead above fou r mon ths, a nd the c l imate one o f the hotte fl, not the l ead
d ifa gre e a bl e fme l l p roceeded from i t . The on l y remarkabl e alt erat ion th at hadh appenedwa s a fhrinking of the eyes a nd mu fcu l a r parts, bu t the hai r a nd nai l s
Were in their origin al flare, a nd {til l adhered firmly ; a nd the fe vcra l joint s werequ ite p l i ab le, or in that k ind of relaxed {ta re wh ich happen s to p e rfon s who fain t
fudde n l y. Mr. Ande rfon, Cap t . Cook’s furge on, wa s informed, that foon after
death they are difembowe l l e d, by drawing the inte fiine s a nd other v ifce ra ou t
at the a nm, a nd the whole cav it y i s then fil led or Ru ffed with cloth, in trod ucedthrough the fame p a rt ; that when a ny moifiu re appeared on the {k in i t wa s care
fu l l y dried u p, a nd the body afterwards rubbed al l over wi th a l arge qu an t i t y o f
perfumed cocoa—nu t oil, wh ich being frequ en t l y repeated pre fe rve d them a great
many months ; bu t that at l ait they gradu al l y mou ldered away. Omai tol dC apt . Cook, that they made u fe of the ju ice of a p l an t th at grew among the
mou ntains, of cocoa-nu t o il , a nd frequ en t l y Wa fhing wi th fe a -water ; a nd thatthe bodies of al l thei r great me n who d ied n atu ral deaths are thu s p re fe rve d,a nd e x po fe d for a confide ra bl e t ime to publ ic v iew every day, when it does not
r ain t i i l at latt they are fe ldom to be feenIn the c it y o f Kiow, on the banks of the Dn i ep er, u nder a h igh moun t ain ,
are two fp a cious cryp ts, cal led by the names o f Anton y a nd Th e odofiu s,a nd
fuppofe d to have been hollowed ou t abou t the beginn ing o f the eleven th or e ndo f the tenth centu ry, when W lodomir Swe tofla u s wa s created firfi' Czar o f the
Ruffia s , a nd int roduced Chri(ti a nity in to h is domin ions . They are cu t in ac l ayey foi l 3 , a nd con tain valt numbers o f bod ies in p erfect pre fe rv a tion, whofeincorru pt ibi l it y th e tradit ion o f the p l ace a fcribe s to their fa nétity, a nd annu al l yin Ea fte r week they are vifite d by th e pri e fts o f the p l ace, who a ddre fs themwi th informa tiom of Chrift’
s re fu rre étion, a nd after ine e nfing themwel l , retu rnback again . In the An ton ian cryp t are de pofite d man y Ru ffi an fain t s
,bifhop s,
monks, p rinces, a nd other em in en t p e rfon a ge s . The The odofia n i s fu l ler o fchapel s than of bodies . Al l the fe bod ies, p l aced in reparate re pofitorie s, are
fwa the d rou nd t ight l y wi th c lothes a nd bandages, a nd on l y the face appears,wh ich ret ain s the n atu ral ik in . The whole are p erfect l y dry a nd void o f fme l l .
There are fome fe u l ls l y ing in di(he s, which e x fude a k ind of oi l ; a nd in
other p arts o f the cryp t s are p i les of bones . This oi l y matter ma y be no
Hi ll . of Ind i a , b. VI. c. a t . Cook ’s Voya ge , | 784 . l l . 5 1 , 5 3.
3 a m: limo/a .
x
lxx x i i
th ing more nor l e fs than the moiflu re or e x halation of the p l ace, wh ich is a t5
tr‘a éte d by fuch porou s matter as the human fcu l l , a nd d rop s or fal l s in to the
d i fh ; for H e rbin iu s fuppofe s the Greek p rie lts too u nde figning to be fme a r them
with real oil , by which manoeu v re noth ing wa s to be got, nor is th i s a tr ick
p l ayed even by the fcu l l s o f the three k ings at Cologn e, (0 much re forte d to“ Th e bu rial p l ace at the Cap uchin Con ven t at Palermo is a v a fi fubte rra
n eon s ap artmen t, d i v ided in to l arge commod iou s ga l l eries, the wal ls o n each
fide o f which are ho l lowed in to a variet y o f'
n iches, as if intended for a v erygreat co l l e é’tion o f fia tu e s, in fi e a d o f wh ich they are al l fi l l ed wi th dead bodies,fe t u pright on their l egs, a nd fixed by the back to the m idd l e o f the n ich , in
n umber abou t 3 00 . They are al l dre ffe d in the clothes they u fu a l l y wore, a nd
form a mo lt venerable a ffembl y . The {k in a nd mu fcl e s, by a cert ain p rep arat ion , became as dry a nd h ard as a p iece of flock fifh : a nd althou gh man y ofthem have been -he're upward s o f 2 5 0 years, yet non e are in a ny degree t e
du ce d to fk e l e tons ; the mu fcl e s indeed in fome app ear to be a good deal more
ih runk than in others , p robabl y be ca u fe the fe p e rfons h a d been more extenu atedat the t ime o f their death . The bod i es o f the princes a nd firft nobi l i t y 'arelodged in very h a ndfome che(ts or tru nks , fome o f them richl y adorned ; the fe
are not in the f ha p e o f cofii ns, bu t a l l of on e width , a nd abou t one a nd a halfor two feet deep . The keys are kep t by the n e a re ft relat ion s o f the fami l y, .
who fome time s come a nd d rop a tear over their de ce a fe d friendsSuch is Mr. B rydone
’
s de fcrip tion o f th is catacomb, which Mr. Breval 3 re
p re fe nts a s“ a large fou te rra in fi l led from top to bottom wi th the dried u p
ca rca fi'
e s of the friars o f the hou fe from t ime immemori al , in the habit s of thei rorder
, which is the Fra ncifca n . This is ca u fe d by de pofiting them as foon as
dead, in a pecu l i ar grou nd that be longs to them, which, by a confuming
p roper l y, tu rn s the co rpfe into a p erfeét mummy in a fewweeks . I have feen ,adds he
,in ita nce s o f the fame de ficca tion at Tou lou fe in France, where there
is a vau l t u nder the cloyl’te r o f
“ the Corde l ie irs , in which are p re fe rve d abund ance of corp fe s dried up by having lain fome time in a chu rchy ard that has
much the fame p roperty with th at o f Palermo. The fe bod ies are e x pofe d for
three or fou r days to the open air, in thei r helfrey, before they are ranged inth is manner. A ce l ebrated beau t y of Tou lou fe , known by the n ame of Le be ll ePa u la , wa s for a long t ime on e of the fe mummies ; bu t i s nowa lmolt mou lderedawaySu tton Cofi el d vau lts are faid to h ave the con trary p rop ert ies . In two o f
them, l ate l y opened, bod ies in terred wi thin the memory of ma n were fou nd red uce d to du ft, together with their wooden coffin s . This is fuppofe d to be in
p art occa fion e d by the height o f the chu rch , a nd the fa ndine fs o f the foi l 4 .I t has been fuppo fe d to be the n ature o f hair to acqu ire a ye l lowifh hu a in
the grave . As Arth u r’s qu een Gu ine ve r (if i t wa s her fe pu lchre ) hav ing beenmarried in the beginn ing o f the 6 th cen tu ry, cou ld hard l y e fca p e being greyhai red at the conclufion o f i t ; n either wa s Humphry duke of Glouce fte r avoti ng ma n , a nd his hair wa s e x act l y o f the fame colou r wi th that fou nd on
the fcu l l o f a lk e l e ton in a hog in the cou nt y of Down in I reland, of which
l ady Moira gave a n accou n t to the Societ y o f An t iqu aries 5 . I ma y a dd, that l wa stold of go lden colou red hair fou nd on a fcu l l dug u p in the cloifte r o f Chickfa nd
n u nnery, c. Bed ford, though the hair wh ich wa s given me from a {ton e coff ind ug u p . in the ru ins o f Chril
‘
t chu rch nunnery, Hants, 1 7 8 2 , before-me ntion e d, wa s of a bright brown .
Re ligiofa : Kijov'
icnfcs crypta : pe r M . j. H e rbin ium. je nz , 1675 . n'.
lsry don e's
’
l'o ur through Sic i ly, I I . 66, 67. Of thofe a t Na p l e s fe e B l a invi l le 's Tra ve l s, III . 3 57—
3 59.
Tra ve l s, I . 49. 4 Newbe ry ’s De fcrip tion of Engl a nd, 1X. z oo . Arche olog. VII-
'Ps 1 P 93 ' 10°
l xxxi v
That -a fctibe d to bi(h op Glanv i l le, on the Sou th fid_
e of the choir n ear -th e altai'
at Roche fie r, is o f the fame form wi th a rchbi lh op Theobald'
s, l and was adorned
wi th fimil a r heads in qu atrefoi l s d i vided by angels, now a lmofi: de faced . The
form a nd orn amen ts o f th is tomb gi ve i t a n earl ier date .And p robabl y o f as great age are the {tone s before Mr. J a ck fon
’
s houfe , takenfrom the con ven tu al chu rch at Sp ald ing The fe are termed by the inaccu rate
writers of former ages l a ptde y e t p e rm: pyr a mida le t , wh ich , .h a d they .arife n from
a n equ al ba fis, they might proper l y have be en termed a nd thei r firit forms ma y
be p roperly a fce rta ine d as one, aa nd cal l ed the [a r t/ma fia tombs .This I fa y for the general u fe . Not bu t fome few very ex tr a ord inary p e r
fon s, a s p rinces, a nd thofe who had been inve fte d W ith p rince l y power, a nd
m ighty be ne fa étors, might, a s earl y as a ny o f the fe , be honou red wi th havingtheir en t i re e ffigie s carved in a remarkabl e p of
‘ture , l y ing, a s it were, (in thei r .
backs on the top lt oneBu t i t is common l y thought, th at thofe monumen ts (though an t i en t) were
de v ife d a nd made in honou r o f them fome t ime aft er ; fuch_are thofe o f AILWIN
d uke or ear l o f the Ea ft Angles , cou fin to king Edga r a nd chie fjufiioe o f al l Engl and , who d ied A . D . 99 3 , at Ra m/0) ! abbey, which he fou nded .
‘ A LGAR, earl o fHoll and, overcome a nd kil led in batt le by the Pagan in vad ing Da nes A.D . 8 70 .
inAlde r, a l i as Alga rl irk, chu rch-y ard, i n North Hol land, L inoo lnfhire . The fe
mo (t an t ien t are genera l l y of a fl i rt of gran it e, or the bardeli black marble, o_r
_
r a ggfione , which wou ld he a r a po l iih ; a nd have a l l fome an imal , as a l ion , dog,or fu ch l ike, at thei r feet, a ga in (t whi ch they fe em to t e ll whence, p erh ap s,fup porte rs might be taken .
The figu re of ROB ERT duke of Normandy, who died I 1 3 4 , a nd wa s bu riedin the cathedral chu rch o f Glouce fie r ’
, l ies crofs- legged, in his coat o f mail,fu rtou t, fword, fpurs, a nd coronet, havin g vowed a nd p erformed a cru fa de , orvoy age , to the Holy Land, for the pu rpofe o f recovering i t from the Saracens.That o f W I LL IAM Lo no a s p r a e a rl o f Sa l ifbu ry, who d ied 1 2 2 6, l ies in theca thedral there 4 . S ir H E NRY B ATHE ch ief jufiice of al l England, t 2 s z
5, a nd
PH I L I P p rior o f St . Fride fwide"
, both in the chu rch o f St. Fride fwide , or Chri ftChu rch , Oxford. Some of the firfi abbots a nd p riors of Peterborough 7
a nd fe e
in Drake’s Eboracum, p . 4 or , the figu res there cal led Con/fa mine , a nd PrinceWillia m of H a tfie ld fon o f Edward III.TH IRD form : Tabl es, whereon e ffigie s or fcu lptu re .
But thi s mann er o f re p re fe n ting the effigies o f the de ce a fe d l y ing on the backo n the top -{tone became the general p ractice fo r eminen t p e rfon a ge s, a nd p rie f
’ts
wi th cha l ices in their hands on thei r bre a ft, by which they were difiingu ifhe d,as mi l it ary me n or kn ightswere by their arms, fp u rs, a nd fwords . So ”f ill/a mearl of Flanders, fon o f the before-ment ion ed Robert, at St . Ome r
ls
’. He d ied
t r 2 7 ~ 8 , bu t fe ems to have been fome time after honou red wi th th at monumen tby the manner o f its workma n fhip . Prel ates were re pre fe n te d .wi th thei rh i itre s, crofie rs, great croffe s , by being habited in pontyfca lfbm ; as Hube rt.Wa lte r
in Canterbu ry, whereof he wa s a rchbilhop , a nd de ce a fe d 1 20 5". And king
jol m, at Worce fi e r, 1 2 1 3 , with ouches or j ewe l s on his gloves, col lar, a nd
fword hilt, with images o f h is tu telar faint s,the bifhop s Ofwa ld a nd W u ]
(ta n, with their mi tres on a nd ce n fe rs in thei r hands, a nd a l ion at his feet”
'
l hofe of the lord Row a nd others, in the Temp l e chu rch, in London
lStuke l e y, It in . Cu r. I . 77 . PI. 1 7. Ingu l f p 20.
S t e bbing , p . 16. Se e p . 19 . S te bbing, p . 1 1 5 . Se e p 4 1 .
Pl.X II I
.
Se e p. 4 5 . Pl . XIV. Se e p. Pl . X I I1 Pl. 1l l
.
. pu g. Add the a bbo ts of We flminfie r, p l. I . p . 10. bifl i opRoge r a nd the othe rhi lltop a t Sa l ifbury, pl .I
’
V. p . 20.
S te bbmg. p . 17. D a rt. p. 1 1 1 .Stuk e le y, It . C ur. 18. Fl . 68 . Ste bli ing, p. 85. Se e p. 4 I . Pl . V. Fig. 3.
2
lx'
x it'
v
the B ono’wortbr, at Su t tert on ; o f a fore fie r o f Rdck ingh a m a nd h is wi fe, atG l inton , c . Northampton ; o f another lady at Stoke Doy ley in that cou n t } o f
Thoma s lord Bungb; kn ight o f the Garte r, a nd h is l ady, in the chu rch o f ( J a in f
borough , o f a l a ba il e r a nd gran i te .
Abou t th i s t ime , I a p pre he nd, i f they d id not p l ace the e fiigics they l eft o ffr ai l i ng the u pper fl one to a point, a nd on l y carried i t tip fome p art o f th e wa y,with fome decorat ion on the p l a in top , as a n o ld cro fs ficu ry ih ews o f a rthbi lho p
La ngton'
, made abou t 12 3 3; a nd o f th is form were ta bl e s ~ fe t in pi l lars on
feet, as a rchbit p Sewa l’
s , in York cathedra l , A . D. 1 2 5 8
l nfi a n te s o f coffi n (tone s wi th heads d r bodies emerging from them ma y hefeen at Brandon in Su ffolk, App leby in W e limorl a nd, K ingfbu ry in Wa rwickflt ire .
The fe were frequ ent l y p laced for fa fe ty (e fp e cia l ly if they bu i lt chu rches)wi th in the wal l , a nd h a d a n arch tu rned over them ; as Si r Mu lfe mlin
,
kn ight, at Sol e by, a nd a lad y at Ripp inga ie f a nd then th ey frequ ent l y made themo f a l a ba lte r, or fome fo ft chalk y fione
,wh ich cut ca li l y , a nd theywere t hick cover
ed over with paint a nd gi lding .
FOURT H form tombs wi th te fioons or arches over them:
In the begin n ing o f the fou rteenth cen tu ry, accord ing to Mon ier, th e arts o fd e fign ing, with a good tail e o f d rawing a nd paint ing, emerged ou t o f that igmorance a nd i l l gufio the Goth s a nd Barbarian s h a d reduced them to
, a nd ken tthem in . Our Henry III. a wife p rince, who ha d experienced, a nd wa s equ a l
to both fortu nes, reign ing long, a nd at length peaceabl y , mu ch encou ragedthem ; a nd h is wife (on a nd fucce fi
‘
or, Edward I. W a s t rained u p in them .
Though his father h a d be ll owed a che fi o f gold for e nlh rin ing the rel iqu es o fS t . Edward the Confe fi
'
or, Edward did them great er honou r in the fi a tcl v a nd
fumptuou s ma nfo le um compofe d of al l kinds o f p reciou s marbl es, a nd other co il l yfione s , even gems a nd pearls, wherein he p l aced them, at W e ftmiu ite r, ra ife d
on col umns diminiih ing on e fia ge above another, as ma y be feen in Mr . GeorgeVertu e’s fine p rin t, don e for the Soci et y o f An t iqu aries , a nd in Dart's An t iqu i t i esof W e fiminfie r abbey . A tomb o f l ike t ai
‘
t e a nd mat erials, o f two Rages , h ee re éte d for his father, whofe e fi
'
igie s o f copp er gi l t he ca u fe d to be cat’t,a nd
l ai d thereo n , wi th a l ion at h is feet 3, wi th a te fioon or covering o ver it, fl a ta nd in a {trait l ine, to pre fe rve i t from du ll or what m ight fal l o n a nd inju re it .The l ike h e e re éte d there for Eleanor hi s beloved qu een , who d ied 1 2 98
5. And
though they foon began t o th row the te ftoon or covering h igher by arched workinfie a d o f i t, ye t we find many of the nobl e fi made ii il l with that li rait l ine orfl at covering, as that o f qu een P/J il ippa wi fe o f king Edward “I. at W e ll n in
fie r 6a nd his own there 7 the B la ck Prince at Can terbu ry 8 king Ricbnrd II.
a nd Anne h is qu een , at W e ltminfte r 9 King H e nry IV . a nd f orm of Na v a rre h is
qu een, at C an terbu ry Ka tba r ine Swynford, du tche fs of L a nca fie r, in Lit icoln cathedral ; a rchbilhop Cbiclz e lcy
’
f at Can terbu ry a nd i t fe ems a s if fu ch ate fioon had been intended, but not fin ifh e d, for the beau t ifu l a l a ba fte r t omb
o f ”f ill/ja m of Waynfle ct, Lord High Chancel lor o f England a nd bifli op o f W in
che fie r, 1 4 5 9 , in Al l Saint s chu rch in VV a ynfle e t .
Some tombs h aving been thu s r a ife d with te fioons over them which wereflat, gave rife to a mu ch farther imp rovemen t, th e rai l i ng a n arch over them,
wh ich being then o x e ye d, or term in ating in a n obtu fe poin t, wa s u fu a l ly deco
Pa rk e r, p . 1 4 5. D a rt. p . 1 34 . fe e p . 4 2.z Dra k e 's Ebo ra cum, 4 29 a 494 .
3 Ste bbing, 91 . fe e p . | 7. Pl . xx . x x r. x x t t .4 Or, teflrr . The te ll e rs of H e nry III. Ele a nor, Phi l ipp a , Richa rd 11. a re o f wood, p a inted wi th the De i ty , fa in ts ,
a nd a nge l s , on the i r ce i l ing : tha t of C a tha rin e Swyn fo rd ha s be e n fupp l icd wi th a l a te r roof in a ve ty difie re n t ttylc .
Ste bbing , 1 5 1 . fe e p . 63 . Ste bbing, p . 173.7 Ste bbing, p . 170.
Stebbing , p . 188 . Ih. p . 203. l b. p. 275. Da rt, p. 1 5. lb. p . 1 59
Y
l xxxvi
rate d at topwith fol iage work al l the wa y u p the tide s, a nd a je ffe , or large fleu r‘
dc fol iage over the fummit, a nd images o f the wi fe, chi ldren , rel at ion s o f th e
party
,faint s or fove re igns a nd benefactors abou t the table, on the fide s ; a nd
mu ch pain t ing a nd gi lding W a s nowbe l lowed on the fcu lp tu re , though of marbl eor copper. Thu s in the monumen t o f Av e/i718 wi fe o f Edmund earl of La nca fter
, Se c. at We ftminfl e r, who d i ed 1 2 69 a nd o f that earl h imfe l f, who died
1 2 96 a nd in that o f king Edwa rd I I . at Glouce fie r cathedra l, who d ied
1 3 2 73 o f jobn Pe ckba m a rchbilhop of Canterbu ry ‘
, a n d in that o f 701771 ofE/tl mm earl of Cornwal l , at W e fiminlte r, who d ied 1 3 3 4
5; job” of Ga unt a nd
h is du tch e fs Blanche, in St. Pau l’s cathedral , London
6 Card in al Bea ufort bifli op'
o f Winche tl e r, at Winche fie r, who d ied 1 4 4 77; thofe .of Lord H e nry B urg'wq/b
bifhop o f Linco ln, 1 in the cathedral there a nd o f Nicbola : lord Ca nto/a p e ,t 3 7 x a nd Robe rt lord B a d/a me n ; thofe of a rchbifhops Grey, 1 2 5 5 ; Gr e e n
fie/d, 1 3 1 4 a nd Bowe l , 1 4 2 5 , in York cathedral . The d e n of Scott a nd 9y amEliz a be tb, both at VVe flminfle r
'.
FIFTH form of tombs, in chapel bu rial p l aces .
The fe arched monumen ts they much en larged fo as to incumber a nd t ak eu p too much room, ev en in the moft fp a ciou s cathedral a nd con ventualchu rches ; therefore they fell into a method for avoid ing that inconveni ence of
anne x ing chapels to them, having doors ou t o f the fide ailes of the chu rches,a nd being open to th e chu rch, on l y fe clu de d by iron work, of wh ich greatdeformit ies the in fta nce s are too frequ en t, having a n extraordin ary il l efie a ,
a nd fpoiling the view on the outfide , a nd defigns o f the a rtiits, which, thoughnot t rue accord ing to ru les o f the a rtifts, yet were grand, a nd looked awfu l . In
fuch a chapel , at We ltminlte r, l ies k ing He nry V9; king Edwa rd IV. at
Bi lhop Ruj/él/ a nd a rchbilh op La ngla nd, 1 5 4 8 , in Lincoln cathedral .Bu t thofe great me n avoided this error, a nd we l l confu lte d for a nd incre a fe d
the beau ty o f the fe venerable p i les, who added fuch chape ls for the reception of
themfe lve s a nd thei r relat ion s or fri ends at the Ea ft e nd o f them ; that divifionfrom the crofs i l l e being much too ibort for the n ave a nd we l l admi tt ing it.Thu s king Henry Vl l ’s fump tuou s chapel added to We ftminfte r abbey greatl yincre a fe s the beau t y of that p i l e Sometimes we ll enoughwhen running p aralo
l e l in the choir, a s that o f Humphry the Good duke o f Gloucqfl e r at St. Alban’s ;the fumptuo u s chap el of Ricba rd B e a ucba mp earl o f Warwick governor of Normandy 1 4 3 9, wherein i s h is tomb, a nd his e ffigie s of bra fs gilt a nd of Artbur,Prince o f Wales, at Worce ftcr, who d ied 1 5 0 2.
'3.
To the fe a dd the e l l ipfe o f chape ls round the choi r at Tewksbu ry, that of hiihop Hatfield, o n the Sou th fide o f the choir at Du rham,
that o f abbo t Ramridge ,on the North fide o f the choi r at St . Albans : that of W alter lord Hu ngerford,on the North fidc o f the h a ve at Sal isbu ry
, now removed to the Sou th fide o f theai l e. Addit ions to the outfide of the bu i ld ing are thofe o f bifhop Au dley at Sal ifbu ry on the Sou th tide , a nd that o f the Hu ngerford fami l y on the North fi de, of ,
the choir there ; bifhops W eft a nd Alcoclt , at Ely.
S I XTH form, in l aid with bra fs .
As to the infcrip tion , the cha ra fte rs or letters were fome time s a ntie ntly exfcul pcd, a nd in relei vo more frequen t l y in fcu lpe d, a nd appear to have been fi l ledwi th lea d, before the u fe o f bra fs a nd copp er became frequent, after wh ich, a nd
what we ma y, l th ink reckon the oth form, they, in the area of v e ry broadcoa rfe , grey marbles cut ou t, or fu nk in, the form or figu re of the images of the
lb. p. 106. l b. p. t gz . Da rt, p. 1 38.'3
' lb. p. 3 5 5. Dugd . St;Pa u l'l , Stebbmg p . 1 63 . l b. p . ;t6.
lb, p , l b. p . 4 72 , 4 73. Dugda le , Wa rwie kthire ,l b.
pe rfons,
l xxxvi i i
E IGHTH fo rm : de ta ch e d bu i ld ings .“And l a t e l y the mo lt fumptuou s fe pu lchra l monume nts a re de t a ch e d bu i ld ings ,
e re ct e d to pre fe rve the rema in s o f the d e a d, or th e i r me mo ry : a s dome s, o f
which , p e rh a ps,' th a t o f th e e mp e ro r H a dri a n i s the gra nd e l i , th a t o f the duk e
o f’
l‘
u fca ny o f the Me d ici fa mi l y a t Flo re nce th e mo lt fumptuou s, the p y ra mid
o f ,C e ttiu s a t Rome , l
’o rfe n a n e a r Cl u fi um, a nd tho fe in Egyp t . To the fe ma y
be a dde d obe l iik s , co lumn s a nd e qu e f‘
tn’
a n fia tu e s .
Th e l a te Sma rt L e thie u l l ie r, e fq. h a s confine d h is obfe rv a tions on fe pu le hra l
monume nts , p rinte d in the fe cond vo lume o f the Archmo logia , p . 2 9 1—
3 00,
chie fl y to thofe in p a rochi a l ch u rch e s, e re €te d e i the r in the ch a nce l or in fma i l cha
p el s, o r fid e a i le s, which h a d be e n bu i lt by the lo rds o f the m a no rs, a nd p a t rons
o f the chu rche s (wh ich for th e moft p a rt we nt toge th e r) a nd be ing de fugn e d for
bu rying p l a ce s for the i r fa mi l ie s, we re fre qu e n t l y e ndowe d wi th ch a n t rie s, to
p ra y fo r the fou l s o f the fou nde r a nd h i s de fce nde nts .
i t a pp e a rs to me , th a t th e re i s p re tt y good a u thority fo r re fe rring thofe monu
m e nts who fe fi tu a tion within the fubii a nce o f the wa l l s o f chu rch e s o r ch a n ce l s
ma k e s i t h igh ly p roba ble th a t th e y mu fi h a ve be e n coze v a l in the m, to fo unde rs o rre fo u nde rs o f the fe v e ra l chu rch e s or p a rt s o f chu rch e s wh e re the y a re fou nd .
O f th is the chu rch e s in He rtfo rd lhire a nd Effe x wi th in my own n e ighb ou rhood
a fford ma n y infia nce s . I ca n no t h e lp p a rt icu l a ri zing one .
An o ld monume n t in the North wa l l o f the n a ve o f Bre n t Pe lh a m chu rch ,c . H e rts , which h a s furn ilhe d ma tte r for vu lga r t ra d i t ion, a nd pu zzle d forme rAnt iqu a rie s, is , by Dr . S a lmo n, fuppofe d a founde r’s tomb. W e e ve r ’ de fcribe s
i t a s a mo (t a ncie n t monume n t (ton e , whe re on i s figu re d a ma n , a nd a bou t h im
a n e a gl e , a l ion , a nd a bu l l, h a ving a l l wings, a nd a fou rth o f th e fh a p e o f
a n a nge l a s i f th e y fhou ld re p re fe n t the fo u r Eva nge l ifi s . Unde r the fe e t o fthe ma n i s the crofs flou rie , a nd u nde r the crofs a fe rpe n t. H e i s though tto h a ve be e n fome time the lord of a n a nc ie n t de ca ye d houfe , we l l mo a te d , not
fa r from th is p l a ce ca l le d, 0 Pie r; Sboonke t . H e flou rilh e d a nn . Conque ltu v ire o
“fimopr
'
imo.
" This de fcrip tion i s co rre ct, e x ce pt in the figu re o f the ma n , who i sre a l l y a n a nge l flying, a nd conve ying u p a fou l in a fh ro ud, or fli ce t, in the u fu a l
a tt itud e . At his right h a nd is a n a nge l fitt ing, ho ld ing in hi s l a p a n o pe n book ;
a t h is l e ft is a bu l l : the e a gle a nd winge d l ion o ve r h is h e a d comp l e te the n um
be r o f th e fymbo ls o f the Ev a nge lifts . The fe rp e nt i s re a l l y a two -foo te d dr a gon
p ie rce d by the cro fs , whofe po in t is in his mou th ; a nd fo the fcu lptu re con ve y sth e ide a of the de li ru éi ion o f S a t a n by the crofs o f C hriit, fccu ring immort a l i t yto a l l who die in the fa i th o f h is Go fpe l , a s tt
'
a nfmitte d by the Ev a nge l ifi s . Ove rth e l ine s is nowwritte n, 0 Pie r: Sbonkr, woo die d /1
°1 086. S a lmon , by a tra in
o f a mu fing conj e ctu re s on the n a me o f Sbonkt ,"ma k e s h im o u t to be e ithe r
a founde r o f th e chu rch, or Gi lbe rt Sa nk, onwhom Simon de Fu rn e u fe , lo rd ofthe ma nor, l e v ie d a difire fs for h is homa ge a nd fe rvice , 1 6 Edwa rd I . wh ich i s2 2 1 ye a rs from the Conqu e fi, infi e a d o f a t , a nd fo ma k e s o u t the o ld fa rme r’st a le , a bou t a
.
he ro o f Pe lh a m de fe a t ing a gi a n t of B a rkwa y, a nd obl iging the
l a t te r ma nor to p a y a qu it re n t to the fo rme r e v e r fince . A ma nor he re re ta in sth e n ame o f Sbonkt . N e ith e r the Engl i lh nor the L a t in poe try, wi th the i r va ri at ion s, ove r th e monume nt, wi th in the a rch, a tte fting the l e ge nd, a re worthre co rd ing. In a lmo it e ve ry church a fingu l a r or u nknown monume n t of a nya nt iqu it y is gi ve n to a gi a nt .
’
l‘
his monume n t, from i t s fimplicity, ma y be o f e a rl y d a t e . 1 re co l le ct a no the rin ii a nce in the North wa l l o f the chu rch a t L a ndbe a ch in C a mbridge fh ire , of
The p illa r of Pompey in Egyp t.Fun. Mon . p . 549.
3
i lx itx ix
[he time o f on e o f the Eiliva rds, a nd p roba bly e nough a fcribed byM} . li'lail eili t s re é
'
tor to one of the lords of the ma n or a t th a t t ime . Whe re fuch momime nts a ppe a r in the wa l ls of ch a nce l s, a nd h a ve on them a re l igidus, infi e a d of a
l :iy figu re , we ma y prelume , th a t fome re ctor Wa s the“
bu i lde r or re bu ilde r of thech a nce l . An ini
‘
ta nce o f th is k ind a t St . Hipp’
o l yte ’
s, in He rtfo’
i‘d lhire , i s , by the
vu lga r, re fe rre d to the p a tron S a in t, infie a'
d of the l a y pa tron, or officia tingp rie li .The fe monume nts v a ry Wi th th e (e ve ra l pe riods in form a nd oi'nzii'ne nts, a nd
in h zi ving'
or wa n t ing figti re s on them ; a nd a l i tt le a tte nt ion to the li e (if
the t ime , or the fucce ll ion o f p rope rty, wi l l e na ble u s to a fce'
rta in'
th em,whe na rmo ri a l a nd o the r dittinétio
'
ns fa i l . I t is not u ncommon , whe n Chape l s we rebui lt for th e fble u fe o f a p a rt icu l a r fa mi l y, or fucce f five lords o f the matte r,to find the o rigin a l founde r or be n e fa cto r inclofe dwithin th e i r wa l l s.Mr. Le thie u l l ie r i s o f op in ion, th a t fewor no fune ra l monume nt swe re cre el ~
e d du ring the t ime of ou r Sa xon a nce fiors a t l e a ft, be ing u fu a l ly p l a ce d in the
chu rche s be longing to .the gre a te r a bb'
i e s , the y fe l t the Rrok e o f th e ge n e ra l dif
f olu tion, a nd fca rce a ny ha d fa l le nwithin h is obfe rv a tion, orwe re , h e be l ie ve d,e x ta nt. Thofe we me e t wi th for the kings o f tha t ra ce , fuch a s l na a t W e l l s,Ofric a t Glouce fte r, Se bba a nd Ethe lbe rt, which we re in St . Pa u l
’
s,orwh e re ve r
e l fe the y occu r, We re undoubte dly ce nota phs e recte d in l a te r a ge s, by the fe ve ra l
a bbie s a nd co‘
n ve n t s ofwhich th'
e y we‘
re founde rs, in gra t itude to (rich ge nerousbe n e fa ctors On thi s fubje é
'
t l (h a l l o ff e r a'
fewob'
fe rv a tions :
The fe pu lchra l monume n ts be fore the Conqu e ft a re ce rt a inl y of dubious a n;
thoritv .
The tomb-of k ing Lucws’
, a t It’incbe/i e tt , ought to be l e ft unde te rmine d till
the re a l ity of the king himfe lf be fe tt le d .
Th a t of Os a tc, a t Glouce/te r, confefi'
e dly fa vors of the e l e ve n th ortwe lfth ce ntu ry, more th a n of the fe ve nth .
GUTHRUM, a t H a d/egg}; in Su ffo lk; l ie s u nde r a n a rch te rmin a ting in a bouqu e t,to wh ich his age h a d nomo re pre te nce th a n it ha d to th e r ich ch a pe ls of thefifte e nth “
ce n tu ry.The tombs of ANNA a nd his {on Fi ttMtNti s , a t Blitbbtt rougb; whe nce th e ir
bone swe re remove d Bu ry, h a ve be e n cove re d with bra fs figu re s, a nd more proba bl y be long to Sir john Hop ton, temp . . He nry V I. a nd one of the Swil l ingtons.G a rdin e r“ de fcribe s a bl a ck ma rble coffin, which ma y ra the r be long to Anna .
King INA, by fome a ccide n t or othe r, ha s not obta ine d (0mode rn a ce no t a ph,bu t is (a id to l ie unde r a p l a in whitifh co ffin-fa fh ione d {tone in the ce nt re of the
n a ve a tWe ld , which chu rch he founde d a bout the beginn ing of the e ighth ce rt
tu ry .
‘
“In the newcha p e l a t Gla/Ie nfiury a ve ry fa ire to’
ombe of king EDGAR, copd
fie r’
gilt .3
Th a t of SEBB A kin‘
g of th e B a li S a xons, 676, in old St. Pa ul'r, like its com
p a n ion Ea k a uwa w’
s £0 1 7 , th e i r Conformit y p rove s to h a ve be e n ma de whe nth a t chu rch
“wa s re bu i l t, a boutTh a t o f Er n s twm n , a t Winbornmin/te r,the form of the l e tte rs on the bra fsl
p l a'
te p ro ve s torbe not o lde r th a n the Re forma t ion .
ALDHELM'S, a t Ma lmq/bwy , i s in a flyl e ve ry fupe rior to the rude ne fs of thefe ve
'
nth ce n tury; a nd fo is ALDRED, a t Gloucefle r, which Mr. Ra y ca l l s king
Archz ol l l . 293. mil . of Dunwich, p 1 3 4.
Dcfcrlption of Gla fionbury , a t the e nd of He a rne'a Hemingford, p. 641 .
Dugda le."3 St Piml't, p. 91. Itine ra ry,
I
La ria t, tbefirft Cbri/tia n king. And 'Atkyns fa ys he l ie s a s if he ha d be e n
Ia id in a ma nge r his fre e ltone figu re on a fie lf t omb,which is o n l y a be a ut ifu l
a nd l ingu la r a l ta r tomb a rching f orwa rd on p i l l a rs. His figu re ho lds a chu rch .
B ithop LEO’FRI C'S, a t Ex e ter, i s conf efie dly o fQue e n Eli za be th
's re ign .
Wh a t h a s be e n rnifia k e n for H a a ow‘
s tomb a t [Va /[bowa bbey i s the citiérn
o f a ga rde n foun ta in“
in J ame s the Firfi’
s time .
The c u rre n t tra d it ion o fW a ltha m IS, th a t the p ie ce o f da rk grey ma rble ,with
a ga ping he a d be twe e n two tri tons in bo ld re l ie f, fo rme rl y fixe d a t the furthe r
e nd o f Mr. jone s's ce l l a r a t the a bbe y hoo fe , tim e the demo li t ion o f th a t
thoufe remo ve d to tha t o f f ume o f t he inh a bi ta nt s, a nd now, by_ fa vou r of Si r’W i l l i am W a ke , ba rone t, in my po lfemon, be longe d to H a no t n
's tomb.
Fa rme r ha s e ngr a ve d a ll ilt e he a d, the n in his hoofe , now fixe d in the wa l l o f ahoo fe on
‘
the ba nk, a s i t 'i s ca l le d, fo rme rl y inha bited by him, a nd a n infcription
u nde r it, which fa ys itwa s p a rt o f H a ro ld's tomb. Both fra gme n ts a re in a li c
too good for H a ro ld’s a ge . The re is no th ing in e ith e r fa c e cha ra él e rifiic of a
tomb. Nor is i t l ike ly, or fca rce poflibl e , th a t H a ro ld, or a ny o the r pe rfon,thou ld h a ve be e n bu rie d in the p la ce fixe d u pon by Fu l le r, which is a t le a li a s fa rt a ll a s the who le l e ngth of the pre fe nt chu rch , a nd too fa r for the cho ir , o r
e a fle rn -e ha pe l, of fuch a chu rch a s Wa l th am church, howe ve r ma gnifice n t i t
a ppe a ro to h a ve be e n, to h a ve e xt e nde d . i t is the re fo re mo ll proba bl e , th a t the fefra gme nts fe rve d fome othe r purpo fe , a nd ma y h a ve be e n a ba fon to a foun o
ra i n, u nde r which the y a re fa id to h a ve be e n fo und . Smith’s de fcription of
the tomb infi nu a te s, tha t i twa s unomame nted . Fu l le r fa ys i t wa s p l a in, e xce p tthe cre fs floury, the mo(t ufu a l o rna me nt of tombs in tha t a ge a nd l a te r,though Arthur
’
s had a crofs, i f we be l i e v e Le l a nd Fu l le r wo u ld h a rdly h a veomit te d the two fa ce s, had the y be e n the re . B y h is p ill a re t: it tbou la foem thi scoffin-fa fltioned monume ntwa s ra ife d from the gro und, a circumil a nce not un
u fu a l a t th a t t ime , or had tim e a rch work in re l ie f a t the tide s. Kn ightone x pre fs ly fa ys o f H a ro ld's tomb th a t it wa s tuma la tio c um ima gin e .
”
Mr. Mora n t fa ys, Dr. Uve da l e , of Enfie ld, wa s the l a tl: who fa wthe tomb a t
W a lth am mil l, which mutt h a ve be e n a bou t fix ty y e a rs a go . From th a ttime to the p re fe nt i t ha s ne ve r be e n he a rd of bu t the fra gme nt s he re defcribe d e xh‘ibite d infle ad o f it. The a ccoun t gi ve n by Sir Edwa rd De nn y of
the difcove ry of H a ro ld's bod y h e re on his cle a ring awa y the rubbifli
o f the a bbe y, is no mo re th a n th a t h is ga rdine r found a tione e o f
fin, with a fke l e ton, which crumble d to p iece s on touching. Fu l ler a dds,th a t he wa s bu rie d in the ga rde n, unde r a le a de n founta in, wh e re , in h is timqwa s a bowling gre e n, which fo rme rl y be longe d to the e a rl of C a rl ill e . Ac
cordingl y the fr agme nts in que ftion we re a ccompan ie d with . a p e de l’
ta l o f the
fame ma rble , abou t fou rte e n inch e s fqu a re a nd n ine te e n high , h a ving on twoof the tide s two l ions ra mp a nt a ga in(t a whe a tth e a f, the cre l l of Ce ci l, a nd e the rorn ame nts, oh the o the r two tide s, a nd through one o f dis Co rne rs a ho le , a s
for a p ipe . From the pa rt icu l a r of the crofs ficuri one might pe rh a ps re fe r theoofiin to a n a bbot. As to the e p it a ph , Fu l le r omits it, a s not fnfi icie ntly a ttclte tl ;pe rha ps onl y ma de by fome rhyming monk , in the a bbe y-re giftcr ; a common
Of the fame le ge nda ry ca n i s the tomb (hewn a ga in (t the Sou th Wa l l o f the cho i ra t Cbgfle r, for th a t of the empe ror HENRY lV. who, a fte r a dittra c
’
te tl re ign o f fift y
ye a rs, infu lted by th a t wre tch pope Gre gory V l l . who, to fu pport a n inde pe n
d e n t powe r o f difpofing of e ocl e fia flica l pre fe rme nts in his domin ions, itirrcd u phis fubje é
’
ts a nd his own fons a ga inlt him, wa s a t la l i fo rma l ly d e throne d, bv his
Hill . o fGlocdier‘hire , p .m. l t ia . l l l . 05 .1 i i . 234 3 .
S
Noth ing rema ins of k ing S z na nr , a t [Vdrunk/l e s“
, but the a rch t i nde rwh ich’
lii s'ii oi i e Coiii n wa s p i oba bly
’
d e polite d . The be a u ti tu l p a intings ov e r i t a re a c
k’
ndwlcdge d to bc com-va l u ith th e found a tion o f“
the abbe y by l lcnry Il l . a nd byv e nue a fcribe d to C a v a l l in i ’
. On e c a nno t he lp l a me nting the pe t:u l ia t h a rd fa teo f the fe morce a u x . Oi th e e igh t “ho le lcmrth figiire
'
s, th a t of B e cke t, we ma y be ,
a fl'
u i e d, te l l the find l a crificc. Anoth e r ha s pe rifli e d by the p a nnc l be ing ta k e ri
o u t to m a ke a p a fl'
a ge to fomc o f the ro v a l fa mi ly, who we'
re fe a t e d on th is tomba t coron a tions . The ro ll on the ba ck o f the choir h a ve be e n th e {po rt o f id leboy s , a nd a re comple te ly fct'a tc‘hcd o u t . The o n l y two p e rteEt one s ca me tol igh t in the n ewmod ifica t ion o f the cho ir, a nd h a ppi ly fu rniflt e d Sir ijofe ph
Ayloffc with a n Oppo rtu ni ty of ge tting them e ngra ve d be fo re th e y fl i n t u pa ga in for e ve r. The fe a re a s be a u ti fu l ly e ngra v e d a s the y we re drawn, by"
MrfiBa i'
i rc, a t the e x pe ncc of the Soc ie ty ot'
Antiqu a rie s, for the ir Ve tu lta Mon'
u a
ment a .
A fma II'Whol e le ngth figu re of a bill i op o r a bbot, wi th crofie r a nd mi tre in
the'
Sou th wa l l of”
the n a ve a t Sbe r l/oz'ne , h a s, from its pure fimpl icity, a ch a nceof be ing Origina l .Thé
'
i ike figur e of a'
biih op in the Sou th wa l l o f the ch a nce ] of the Templ echu rch i s '
a i’
c’
ribed in a MS . note of Browne W i l l is, in his li i itory of th a t chu rch,to Syl ve ftcr dc Eve rilon, oi l l i op of C a rl iflc, who d ie d 1 2 5 4 , of a fa l l from a
me ttle fome horfe .
The figu re bf‘
Ai LwlN,“who founde d Ra m/q a bbe y, A. D . 969, is on e of th e
oldefi ge nu in e fe pu lchra l monume n ts a mong u s, a nd a lmo ft the on ly rema insof tha t' ribh more , whe rc
'
it nowl ie s n e gl e a e d in a y a rd i t is h a bite d in a
kind of ma ntl e ,"
bu'
flcih s“
a nd pi le u s the righ t h a nd ho lds two ke ys a nd a ra gge dRa fi
“
,th e l e ft‘l ie s on ihe
'
bre a fi : ove r the top of the Go th ic a rch ove r h im is a
re pr'
éfe‘
n t'
a tion of‘
t'
ivo a nge ls ca rry ing off his fo u l a s i t r ife s from the tomb.
Ai lwin is fiyle d duke or e a rl of the Ha ll Angle s, a nd a lde rma n of a ll Engla nd.
The'
title (if fi ld e fm’
a hnur is ib ewa by Spe lma n 3 to be fynonymou s to th a t ofDuxa nd
’
Cdme'
l : a n'
d'
i ha t of Alde rma n of a ll Engla nd to th a t o f H a lf King, wh ichhis fa the r Athe l
'
il a n'
h e ld on a ccount of his gre a t influ e nce wi th the k ing of th a tn a me His
“
e pit a ph ca l ls h im Gog/in to k ing Edga r I fuppo fe .be ca u fe his mo
a hcrAl fwe n“
wa s th a t pr ince 's nu rfe . On his tombwa s th is e pi t a ph
H ic ’re qu iq/cr
’
t-a fltlwinm incliti r egir Edwlni cogna tmtotr
'
u: An g ina a lderma nur, cl bL/ju l‘
ja cri cwnoéiiM ira n/lore zfnnda tor
The C romwe l ls con ve rte d the a bbe y -hou fe into a ma nfio n-hou fe , a nd th isfigure wa s dug ou t of a pond be longing to i t, in the time of Ch a rle s I] . whe ncolone l Tittl s own e d i t . The he a d wa s brok e n off in the froll 1 74 5 .
BRl THNO‘I‘
l-l , du ke , e a rl , or a lde rma n, of Nor thumbe rl a nd, for fo ma ny d i ffe re nt ti tle s he be a rs in the S a xon Chron icle a nd Ann a ls of Ra mf cy a nd Ely, .whowa s§fl a in in ba ttle with the Da ne s , A. D. 99 t , wa s bu rie d by the monks of Ely,to whom he h a d be e n a gre a t be n e fa ctor, in th e ir o ld con ve ntu a l ch urch , a nd
th e nce remove d to the n ewone , wh e re his bone s we re lodge d with thofe of the ir( ilde il : be ne fa c
'
tors, in the North wa l l of the choir bu i l t in the time of Edwa rd theTh ird, wi th portra its of th em on the fa ce of e a ch rcce fs . On the remov a l of
Archz ol . l 37.
Stuke ley, l tin . l . 77. Pl . x vn .
Glofl‘
. in voce .
4 Se e H i ll . Rame fc ie nfis, c. i i i. p. 387. Ed. C a le .Dugd. Ba r. 1. | 7.
XCi i i
the cho ir th e y We re t a ke n ou t, a nd re pofite d in n ich e s ove r the tomb of bifh opW e ft in his ch a pe l . The bone s of th is nob lema n h a d th is pe cu l i a r circumli a ncea tte nd ing th em,
th a t h is h e a d be ing ca rr ie d awa y by the v ictoriou s Da n e s , the
monks fuppl ie d its p la ce wi th a wa x one , wh ich wa s not fou nd on the fe cond
remo v a l By the me a fnre of his th igh bon e he is fuppofe d to h a ve be e n fix fe e ta nd a h a l f h ighATHELSTAN bi(h op of Elmh am, who d ie d 996, a nd EDNOTH bi(h op of Dor
che l te r, {l a in by th e D a ne s , 9 1 6 : W ULS’
I‘
AN a rchbi lh op of Y ork, who d ie d1 0 2 3 ; As m a nd ELFGAR, bi (h 0p s of Elmh a m, r o a rs a nd OSMUND
a Swe d iih pre l a t e , 1 0 1 6,-we re of th is p a rty a nd a l l me n of l a rge dime nfions,
be ing ra the r mo re th a n fi x fe e t h igh .
’
A MS in Ely l ibra ry 3 fa ys, on the firft t e
mov a l of a rchbil hop W u l itun,“ corpu s d ifib lu tum inve n e run t ; fe d ca fu l a m e t
pa l l ium a u ra tis fp inu l is a fhx um, cum fiol a Sc ma n ipu l a inve n e ru nt, u t mirum
fu e ri t ta n to te mporis fp a tio fub pu tre d in e corporis potu ifl'
e i l l a fa ltem in a l iqu a
fu a p a rte du ra fle .
” The p in of bra fs, once gi l t, 5fiths of a n inch long, the h e a dfl a t or loz e nge , a dorn e d o n e a ch fide wi th a d iffe re n t flourifh, wa s (h ewn byMr. B e n th a m to the Soc ie ty of Ant iqu a r ie s , J une 2 , 1 7 7 7 .
Gira ldu s’a ccou n t of the find ing of ARTHUR
’s body is in h is Spe cu lum Ec
cl e fia fticum,
" wh e re he a dds, th a t the bon e s we re of giga n t ic proport ion , thet ibi a be ing thre e finge rs longe r th a n th a t of the the n a bbo t
, the (pa ce be twe e nthe e ye s a nd fore he a d a h a nd s bre a d th , a nd in th e he a d te n wou nds , hisde a th-wou nd l a rge r th a n the re fi. The le a de n crofs (e ngra v e d in C a mde i i ’s
Bri t a nn i a ) Wa s l e t into the (tone , the le t te rs ne x t to the (ton e . Th e a nonymousmonk of Gl a ftonbu ry a dds, th a t the tomb
'oi his qu e e n be ing ope ne d a t the fa met ime ( I he r y e l lowh a ir wa s fou nd n ice ly bra ide d, wh ich fe l l to pie ce s onthe tou ch . I t doe s not a ppe a r th a t th e fe corpfe s l a y be twe e n the pyramidsme n t ione d by Ma lmsbu ry 4 , or th a t th e y h a d a ny re l a t ion to th em. Ma tthewPa ris, inde e d, in Le l a nd
’
s Afi'
e rtio Arturi, p. 5 4 . fa y s the y ftood circa fa re o
ph a gum ; but qu e ry, i f the n a me s {0 d iffe re n t in the printe d copy a nd MSS ofM a lme sbu ry ha d a ny re fe re nce to Arthur, or we re thofe of pe rrons bur ie d inthe fe pyra m ids, a s Ma lme sbury th inks . W i l l i am of Worce fte r 5 de fcri be s th e
p l a ce of Arthu r’s bu r i a l be twe e n two hol low{ton e croiTe s in the chu rchy a rd
Oppofite the fe condwindowof th e Sou th fide of St . Ma ry ’s ch a pe l {wh ich 1 ta ke
to be a t the We ft e nd of the church , a nd the re l ie s jofe ph ofArima
the a in line a bifurca ta . Edwa rd I . a nd Que e n Ele a nor ope ne d the tombs ofArthu ra nd h is Qu e e n, a nd remove d them be fore the h igh a l ta r, pu tt ing in to th em a n
a ccount of th is proce e d ing, wi th a l l the bon e s, e xce pt th e fcu l ls .
L e l a nd 6 de fcribe s Arthu r’
s tomb in the midd le of the pre fbyte ry a t Gl a flon
bu ry be twe e n Edwa rd th e e lde r a nd Edwa r d l ronfide . On i t th is e p ita ph bya bbot Swa nfe y,
H ie ja e e t Arturw, f lor r egum, glor ia r egni,
Ewen: more s, probita s, comme nda n/ l a ude p ere nm'
.
Lowe r, a t the fe e t of the tomb
Arturija ce t lz ic conjux tumula ta f e ewz akz ,93 4 43 me ru it e re /a t «v irtutum pro/e f e cunda .
In the va u lt wlth a rchbilh op Ro thcra m’
s bone s a t Y ork wa s found a wood e n he a d, e x a ctly re fembl ing a ba rbe r's
block ,w ith a [l ick thru ft through the neck to ca rry it on. Th is he a d is a p ie ce of e x tra ord ina ry (cu lp ture for th a t a ge
( the e nd o f the fifte e nth ce ntu ry) but whe the r it be a rcprcfe n ta tion of his own, or of fome t itu l a r fa int, Mr. Dra ke
cou ld no t de te rmine . He tho ught it mo lt proba ble tha t it wa s a re fembl a nce o f his own for dying of the p la gue hisbody be ing bu rie d imme d ia te ly a n ima ge wa s fubflitu te d inflca d of it, for a more gra nd a nd folemn inte rme nt, of wh ichth i s fe rv e d fo r the he a d. Dra ke , p . 4 4 7. 180.
H i ll . of l i ly, p. 85. Archz o l . I]. 364 . Ga le , 306. P. 294 . It in . HI. 8;
At the head th i s infcription ,
H e nricur a bba r I fuppofe Swa nfe y»who might ma ke the tomb.
a cru cifi x at the head, the figu re of Art hu r at the feet, a crofs on the tomb, twol ion s at the head a nd two at the feet o f the tomb, touching the ground ’
.
ALDH li LM wa s bu ried u nder the high alt ar at Malmsbu ry, bu t the Ea it e nd a nd
both the tra n fe pts being ruined at the difl'
o lu tion, h is monumen t is nowfli ewn on
the Sou th fide o f the preren t alt ar. I t is a n altar-tomb of t'
ree-fion e , wi th a re
cumbent figu re, habi ted in a man t l e, with a clofe coat, a nd on his head a crown
f ome wh a t re fembling the n aval crown of the Roman s, his hair long a nd flowing,h is beard cu rled, a cu th ion wi th two angels u nder his head, a nd at i t a canop ybroken , a s it
'
ma de of pl a tt e r; h is h ands broken, a l ion at h is feet .
Mr. Le th ie u l l ie r goes on to obfe rve , that the p eriod immediatel y after th eConqu e lt W a s not a t ime for peop le to th ink of fuch memori al s for themfe lve s orfriends . Fewcou ld then tel l how long th e l ands they enjoyed 'wou ld remainthei r own ; a nd mofi indeed were foon pu t into the hand s o f n ew pofl
‘
e fl’
ors,
who frequ ent l y , a s we find in Dome fda y, 8cc. held th i rty or fort y manors at at ime . All Men above the rank of fe rva n ts were {o ld ie rs the (word alon e mad ethe gen tleman a nd accord ingly, on a firiet enqu i ry, we {h al l meet with feworno monument s of that age
, a ccep t for the kings, royal fami l y, or fome fewof
the ch ief nobi l i ty a nd leaders among wh ich tho fe for the Veres earl s of Ox ford,at Ea rl s Co ln e in Efi
'
e x , are fome of'
the mo (t anc ien t . And thu s I imagine it.cont inu ed through the trouble fome reign o f Stephen, a nd du ring the confufion
which p revai led while the Baron s’ wars fubfifie d, a nd un t i l the 9th of king Ed
ward Il l .”
From thi s op in ion I mu tt beg l eave to differ. The tombs of Gu ndre da count efs W arren , the Conqu eror
’ s n eice, at Lewes of W i l l i am de Eincou rt, at L incoln , o f Bi thop Roger, at Sal isbu ry ; o f l lbe rt de Chaz, at Monkton Farley
,
a nd ma ny others hereafter de fcribe d, wi l l (erve to refu te i t ; a nd though a concu rrence o f v ariou s circumfla nce s h a s th inned the memorial s o f the eleven tha nd twel fth centu riesmore than thofe of the fucce e ding ones, there i s no re a fon todoubt that many more once e x iite d, p erhap s in as great numbers a s thofe thatcame after them.
In the q th o f Edward Il l . Magna Chart a being confirmed, a nd every man ’sfe cu rity better e tta li l iflt e d, p roperty became more difpe rfe d, manorswere in mored iv ided hands , a nd th e lord s o f them began to fett le on thei r pofl
'
e ifion s in the
cou nt ry . In that age many p a rifli chu rches were bu i lt ; a nd i t i s not imp robab l ethe care o f a re iting~
p l a ce for thei r bod ies, a nd monumen ts to pre fe rve their
memories , became more general a nd diffu fe d.
The hol y wa r, a nd vows o f p i lgrimage in the hol y land, were then e fie eme d high l y meri toriou s . Kn ight s Temp l ars were received, che rifh e d, a nd e n
riched, throughou t Eu rope ; a nd they being u fu a l ly bu ried crois-l egged ’
, in
tok en o f the banner they fought u nder, a nd comp le a tly armed, in regard to thei rbeing fo ldie rs, th is fort of monumen t grew much in fa il i ion .: a nd though al lwhichwe meet wi th in that flt a p e are vu lgarl y cal l ed (0, yet 1 a m cert ain man y arenot ; a nd indeed l have rarely found a ny wh ich I cou ld be certain were for p e rfon s who h a d been o f that order.
This rel igiou s order o f l aymen h a d its rife but in the year 1 1 1 8 . Andin 1 1 3 4 , we find Robert duke of Normandy, fon to W i l liam the Conqu eror,
V ulga r tra di t ion a fcri lws toArthur a nd his Og e e n two me a n a l ta r tombs which ha ve ha d e a ch a n ord ina ry bra fsfigu re u n e a ch tide o f the a lce n t to the a lta r in St. john's chu rch, Gl a il onbury. Tha t on the fo uth fide ha s ha d a woma nin a l h l t f‘c
tl heml-drc fs , fo ur (h ie ld; wi thG . a crofsA. be twe e n a nge ls, a nd (m e (h ie ld a t the fe e t. The mmb
u a t i ly u n i fo rmwi th thi s ha d the figure o f a ma n.
For l l iis pa rt icu l a r we te em to wa nt a uthority.3
[ xcvi ]'
N either does i t fol low, tha t pe rfons who had been o f the order, or engaged
in the ho l y wa r, wou ld dec l ine the d iitinél ion on their tombs, even after the
fu pp rc ifion o f the order, or the ce ifa tion o f the croifa d‘e s ,
'wh ich happe ned
fort y years before S ir Robert de Bois i s re pre fe nte d crofs - l egged 2
, though he
d i ed wi thin a year o f the firft o f th e fe even ts, wh ich W e cannot fuppofe himignorant o f, i t h av ing t aken p l ace in France before it happened in Engl and, 1 3 1 2 . Aymer d e Valence, who d ied 1 3 2 3 , eleven years after the fup
p re ifio n , is re pre fe nte d crofs ’ l e gge d3; fo is one o f the B e n ite ds, whom I fup
pofe d to have d ied at the fame t ime 4 ; a nd john Stu rmy, who is crofs-l egged a t
Tenbu ry , m a y have l i ved to as late a p eriod 5. John of El tham, the fon o f
the king who fu ppre f’c the order
,has h i s legs cro ft on h is monumen t erec
'
ted1 3 3 4.
6: (0 has Robert de Hungerford, 1 3 5 4
7
,which i s n o p roof of the monu
ment being erect ed in his l ife-t ime ; a p ract ice ofwhich no infta nce h a s occu r
re d to me . So h a s one o f th e H ufie ys, at Fl intham, c . Nottingham, where hisfami l y h a d no t po lTe ffion before 8 Edward III
5a nd On e in Cromhall chu rch, c .
G louce il e r, a fcribe d to a Ligon, o f which fami l y George l ived in z the reign of
Richard II. a nd Richard in that o f Hen ry IV 9. This h as fince been bu i lt in to the
wa l l . The cro fs- l egged figu re in C ubberley chu rch , c. Glou ce i’te r, belongs tofome o f the Berk l ey s, o f whom Sir Thomas he ld the manor 8 Edward Il l . 1 3 3 5 .
a nd his ( on Thomas 6 Henry IV I t fe e ms more certain that the l ike figu re inDowne Amne y chu rch , in the fame coun t y, bearing on
, his (h ield a crofs o f St .George charged wi th five e fca l lop s belongs to Nicholas (le Vi l lers or Valers, whohe ld the manor 1 5 Edward I . a nd wa s in the Hol yW a r, 1 2 68 , when , Mr . Rudd e r f ays he re l inqu il
’
h e d his p aternal coat, S . 3 cia oil s_A. for the other,wh ich
wa s the ant ien t badge o f the Cro ife s Of th i s l ait figu re Sir Robert Atkin s ’ 3
fays, “the ma n l ieth l ike a Kn ight Temp l ar .” This chu rch belonged to the Kn ight s
Temp l ars . The figu re at Alvechu rch , c. Worcefie rihire , ma y belong to eitherThomas or John Bl a nchfront,the former o f whom l i ved in the reign o f Hen ry I I I.or Edward I . the l atter is ment ioned in a deed 2 IEdwa rd I I I In Aldworth church ,Berks , are fou r crofs- l egged figu res o f the B e ch e s , o f which fami l y the firi’t on
record l i ved in the reign o f Edward II. the l ail: in that of hi s fortMr. Hu tchins, fu ppofing fuch figu res not to h ave e xceeded the croifa de s,
imagines the two cro fs - l egged figu res in St . Peter’s chu rch Dorche f’te r olderthan the Chidiocks , who founded the p riory there abou t 3 8 Edward I I I towhom Mr. Coker a fcribe d them. On e in the chancel o f W inborn St. Giles belonged to the M a lma yne s , lords there temp . Hen ry I . or the Plecys, who held themanor du ring the reign s o f Edward I] . a nd [11 One at Stoke Gaylard, toInge l ra m VV a l l e ys, temp . Edward I . th e firft known lord after the Conqu e fi
'5.
Mr . Blome fie ld a fcribe s the figu re in Sou th Acre chu rch , Norfolk , to Eudo Arfick ,th e firft o f the n ame, who l i ved in th e reign o f Hen ry I Of the three an t ien tfigu res in the window~ fil l s o f Hitch in chu rch ( a id to be brought from Temp l eD infle y Precep tory adjoin ing, on ly on e h a s its l egs croft. The fe are a fewof themany in lta nce s that m ight be a l l edged o f figu res retain ing the crofs-l egged att itudes a fter the Croifa de s
,f and fu ppre ffion o f the order.
I dou bt not more infia nce s migh t be p roduced o f crofs- l egged figu res ontombs duri ng the remainder o f the i 4 th cen tu ry . There are bu t fix foch figu resin the whol e coun ty o f Warwick ; n or more in th at o f Nottingham ; twe lve inGlou ce i
‘
te rfii ire , . n in e in Berks : bu t on l y on e in Norfo lk .
NO fubfeque nt a tte mpt to 1‘a ife a croi fa de fucce e ded. Sir Wa l te rMa lbyff e o fAca fle r Ma lbyif e , c . Y ork , mortga ge d
his c il a te:the re
I
to W i l l i a m Fa i rfa x o f Sca l ton ,1 366, q; ta ife mone y for a t roil
'
a de , the e ll a te to rema in to F a irfa x ’s ion
l~ cha rd i f he did no t re tu rn . H e d ie d the fa me ye a r.
2S“ P» g3 l ’ l . xx ix. xxx. P. 9 1. Na fli's Wo rce flqrfli . II . 4 1 8 . 4 10.
wPl . xxx1. x x x nl . 7 P. 1 07. Thorn ton , p . 1 3 5. [h idde n -397 Na ih
's Worce t
’
l . I I. 1 18 .
399 P 4 16 I doubt this is a mifl a ll e fo r l hc/frrg/c {fia I/np , tha t be ing the ba dge of pilgrims .u8° ‘
I‘
P 3 10. Na th‘
s We : ce il crth ire . I. 3' ‘ 5 Dugd. B a r . 11.
D‘Wf‘ l o L 389‘ lb. I I. 3 19. lb. a go. I I I . 4 16. S a lmon, He rts. p. 164
In the Nort h aile a tEa itwick i s a fine figu re, in dark greymarble, bn a co ffinfa ihione d (ton e , with man y mou ld ings the p ews conceal h i s l egs, but Salmoncal ls him a Temp l ar, a nd he m a y be Richard de Thany, or hi s fon Richard,l ords o f th is manor, in the reign of Hen ry III. or Edward I .I obfe rve here a n paj a m, that fe ve ra l p e rfons wen t t o the C roifa d
'
e as prox ie s'
for others, a nd yet i t ihould fe em thei r conflitu e nts are re prcfcnte d crofs ~ le gge d.
S uch wa s Hugh Travers (on o f S imon de Au vrington, who wen t for W i l l i amS taun ton o f Stau nton, c. Nott ingh am ; a nd yet both p robabl y are re pre fe ntcd bythe two figu res in that att itu de in Stan ton chu rch ’
.
The crofs- l egged figu re i s rarel y me t wi th on bra ffe s . I recol lect bu t th ree .One i s a Trump ing
‘
ton, in Trump ington chu rch , C a mbridge fh ire , whore armsare in the windowat H ilbu rgh , Norfolk
3. The others, two kn ights at Go rl e fion
a nd Acton , Su ff olk: If the fe are not admi tted as l ate fpe cime ns of the att i tude, theymu it be earl y on es o f the mater i al .
To th e fe Mr . L-e th ie u l l ie r th inks fucce e d th e tabl e tomb, with figu res cumben t on i t, wi th thei r h ands join ed in a p ray ing pofiu re , fome time s with a r ich
a rrowo f (ton e over them, fome time s wi thou t i t ; a nd again, th e more p l ai nwithou t a ny figur es . Rou nd th e edge of the fe for the molt p art were infcript ion s (i n bra fs p l ates, wh ich are nowtoo frequ ent l y de ftroye d .
”
Mr. Le thie u l l ie r is cert ain l y mif’ta k e n in h is dat e o f the ta ble tombwitbfigure :cumbe nt on it, if he th inks it pofie rior to the crofs -l egged figu res ; for the infia nce s o f thofe very figu res before men t ion ed al l he on table- tombs, though al l thet ables are not ra ife d on alt ars . B ut the whole word ing of the p a ifa ge is incorrect .Neither the p ray ing po ltu re o f the h ands, no r the pre fe nce or a bfe ncc o f the (ton e
canop y or figu res, or infcrip tions on bra fs p l ates, were p ecul i ar ti) the ce ra herea lfign e d them bu t p rior to i t .The figu res emboil , or carved in low rel i ef, on th e l ids of coffi ns, were the
firl’t at temp t a t the cumbent figu re . Such a n one Mr . B lome fie ld 4 de fcribe s in thechu rchyard of Necton , Norfolk, the effigy of a lad y in a n an t ique dre fs, wi thou t( hie ld or infcrip tion . Such are the half-l engths in Brandon chu rchyard, Su ff olk,a nd th ree in Notgrove chu rchyard ,
c. Glouce fie r ‘. B ut the fe k ind o f p art ial
figu res are not always o f the highe ft an t i qu it y. A l ad y o f the Bracebridge fami l y i s re p re fe nte d on l y by a head in a qu atrefoi l, on a fl ab at Kingfbu ry, c.
W arwick 6. A kn ight a nd l ady at Stoke Roct rd, c . Lincoln, on l y to the m iddle.
S uch too are the monumen ts with in the wal ls of Lichfie ld cathedral, o f a mo lt
frugal n atu re, hav ing no appearance o f a ny p art bu t th e head a nd feet
A-c u riou s qu e flion a rife s here howfa r the e ffigie s on tombs a r e to be confide re d
a s portr a itf . That th i s is the ca fe on ou r regal monumen t s there fe emsno doubt . They difcove r a fu p e riority of Ite which be fp e a k s re fembl a nce .
This ma y hold a l fo with re fp e ét to p art icu l ar monumen t s of lords or p relatesafter the th irteenth cen t u ry .
.
Dr. Stukeley thought al l the fta tu e s o f Qu eenEleanor cop ies of each other, a nd o f her real featu res . The fame m a y be faid
o f man y e legan t flames on the fron ts or fide s o f chu rches a nd Hearn e a firms
th'
e V irgin Mary wa s copied from the qu een s of the time . Bu t before that t imethe kn ights, the cru fa de rs, the abbots, a nd the bi lhops, are too un iform a nd rudeto mean a ny thi ngmore than a human figu re.
ilil
cn s ’
fpflf
”.
Ehorot
zn , p. 1 56. 165 .
ome . . 39 .
Rudd e r, 5 8 5 . Dugda le's Wa rwicklh .
Pe nna nt’
s jo urne y from C li cflcr, p. 108.
Pre f. to Ga i l . Ncnb. p. l xix.
Among
xcvii i
Among Pira n e fi's Val i e Cande l abri ,” is a cu riou s fcpu lchra l monument o f
a n oblong form,wi th the figu res o f a ma n a nd woman half recumben t a s o n a
feat in a tric l in ium,furrou nde d by a bo rder or batt lemen t : on the {ides o f the
tomb in fou r a nd two comp artmen ts or arches , th e l abo u rs o f Hercu les . Thi s
ma y be on e o f the o lde ft altar-tombs . The po fture is not u ncommon on the
f uneral monuments o f the Greeks a nd Roman s.
How mu ch more n atu ral is the o ld cumben t att itude re pre fe nting the bo dy asactu al l y laid in a tomb be low than the varied att itudes o f modern t imes, whichfe e m to fu ppo fe the p arty rean imated, or never deadThe materi a l s o f the fe figu reswa s (tone , o f variou s k inds : fre e fto ue , a l a ba fle r,
Pu rbcck , Su lfe x , or other marbles. Abbe VVink e lm a n obfe rve s o f the an t i en t Itatu es that as a l a ba l’te r wa s too h ard to make the whole figu res of, the extremit ies
were gen eral l y of bron ze.‘
There is bu t on e head (or rather one face o f i t, forthe h inder p art is wan t ing) at Rome, a nd that is a head o f Adri an . Of wholefigu re s we hav e on l y three Di anas a nd the fin e Torfo in armou r, nowat St . l ldefon fo in Spain the head a nd arms o f th is l afi’. are of bron ze gi lt . There are alfo
fome Hermes a nd fome bu fts England abounds with l l a tu e s o f a l a ba lt e r thofe
o f variou s marbles fe em to have grown in to difu fc after the th i rteen th cen tu ry ;a nd a s thei r fubita nce Wa s original l y in man y infia nce s concea l ed by gorgeou s
p aint ings, in l at er t imes al l is con founded by the pl a t’
te re r’
s bru fh The figu res
o f S ir john Davis, kn ight ba nne rct, who d ied 1 6 2 5 , a nd h is two wives,in
Pangborn chu rch , Berks, are a l l carved o u t o f chalk . In the wi l l of S ir W il l i amManwaring, o f C li cfh ire , kn ight, d ated 13 9 4 , he orders a pifiur e of a l a ba fl e r
to cover hi s tomb in Aa on chu rch 1. B y a l i ke mif nome r the fia tue of George I .
in the High Stre e t, Glouce fl e r, i s to th is d a v cal led the k ing‘s p l'
fl ure . W i l l i amW i lbraham app l ies th is term to a bra fs p l ate on a flab, to be l aid over him a nd
h is wife in the fame church . That o f W i l l i amTu fton o f Aél 'o n 4, at No rth a mp
ton , i s cal led in h is wi l l [fix pifiure s. Thomas Stan ley earl o f Derby
, in hi swi l l , 1 5 04 , men t ion s the pe rjona g e r wh ich he h a d ca u fe d to be made for hi sa nce fiors
6.
Figu res in wood are o f variou s ages, a nd not fo u ncommon as at firfi
imagined . Perhap s one o f the o lde ltwa s that o f hi l lt op Caducan in Dore abbey,c . Hereford . The n ext ma y be Robert C urthofe , in Glouce ll e r cathedral, r 1 3 4 .
though Leland 7 fays h i s figu re wa s made long fince h is death . Two at Da nbu ry, c. Effe x , referred by Mr. Mora nt
ato the St . Cleres in the reign of
Stephen l Vil lia m de Me ih ng founder o f Me fii ng chu rch,in the fame count y
a k n igh t in Bu e rs ch u rch , Su ff o l k ; Bois at I-‘
e rsfie ld, Bardolph at Banham,
S ir Roger H a rfick , firtl o f that f urn ame , at Sou th Acre 9, a l l in Norfolk . W i l l i amVal ence e a rl o f Pembroke, at We ftmin tl e r, has both a tomb a nd figu re o f wood,wh i le the wooden figu res o f W i l l i am Longe fp e e earl o f Sa l ifbu ry at Sal isbu ry,a nd a rchbifho p Peckham at Can terbu ry, l i e on {tone tombs . There i s one
with a lady at Sp a rlho l t, c. Berks a nd a lady in Engl e fie ld chu rch in the
H ill . de l ‘Art .The occ a fiona l de cora t ion of our pa rifh churche s , a nd , I a m fo rry to a dd
,ou r ca thed ra l s , is a te rr ible e nemy to
the rema ins o f a nt iqu ity tho ugh it mu ll be con fcfie d , whitewa fliing ha s p re fe rv e d (e ve ra l va lu a bl e one : from the ra ge o ffa n a ticifm. In the a u tumn Mr. 0 1d a nd myl
'
e lf re fcue t l fome o f the fine tl re l ie fs on a font a t Ba ddingham inS uffo l k , a nd a n infcrip tion round the loo t o f a no the r a t S tr a dbrook , in the fa me county, from the p l a ll cr a nd {l ime whichh a d cove re d a nd fi l le d them up.
3 I’cnn a u t'
s jo u rn e y from Che ll e r, p . 2 1 . II) . p. a t.Col l ins's Pe e ra ge , II. 349. Dugd. Ba r . I I. 1 49.
7 It . IV . 171 . Mr. Mora nt too ha ll ily co nc lude d the fl ame o f Robe rt Ve re a t H a tfi e ld B ro a d Oa k wa s o fwood.
W e e ve r (p. 8 1; ha s confounde d this Roge rwi th his dcfce nd a nt a nd na me l’
a ke who l ive d in the re igns o f H e nry V .
a nd VI. a nd wa s bur ie d unde r a n a lsa r-ton'ih forme rly a dorne d with bra fl'
e e on the North fide o f the cha nce l a t Sou thAc re , whe re a s this woode n figure re a l ly l ie s unde r the Sou th wa l l o f the cha nce l . H e nce Mr. Blomcfie ld conje t
'
l ure s ,tha t his co l le a ion wa s not ma de by his own View, bu t ta k e n on tru ll a nd a s i t wa s ignora n t ly commun ica te d to him.
"
Nort’. III. 4 18 .
Ml tm. II. 3 06.
t l e' figu re o f fp e ckl e d marbl e, abou t eighteen inches h igh , of a kn ight“ in com
p l e te m a il a nd mant le : hi s hands joined, a nd h is fhie ld on h is l eft a rm ; h i sl egs broken o ff ; u nder h is head a cu fh ion . Dr. Na lh de fcrihe s another
in the chancel at Tenbu ry , c. Worce fle r, the figu re of a chi ld in comp l eatarmou r a nd a fu rco a t ; between h is hands, which are r a ife d on his bre a fi',
a l arge hea rt, h is l egs crofi'
e d, a nd at h i s feet a t albot . This ma y have beena fon o f john Stu rmy the cro ifa de r, a nd have fo l lowed his father u nder age .
In the Sou th ai le at LongW itton , Berks, i s a crois- l egged figu re, th ree qu artersfi x ed in the Wal l There i s another fu ch figu re, bu t no t cro fs- l egged, inFramp ton chu rch, in the fame cou nt y , which Mr. H tttch ins 3 i s fo r referring tothe infan t (on o f Mr. Coker, in the l a fi centu ry, u nder whofe monumen t i t is .
Bu t the fitu a tion alone proves it of h igher an t iqu i t y . Among the monumen t s
o f the Veres at Ear l ’s Coln p riory , W eever‘ de fcribe s a l i tt l e monumen t o f
a l a ba fl e r, on which is th e image o f one in a gown with a p urfe hanging at h isgird le : he is in l ength abou t fou r feet .”
The e ffigie s o f W i l l i am o f W indfor a nd Blanche de l a Tou r, ch ildren o f Ed
ward III. who d ied in fan t s, are the on l y figu res among us that bear a ny p roportion to the fma l l n atu ra l fiz e . P. Mon tfau con obfe rve s , that in France it wa s no t
u ncommon to re prcfe nt chi ldren as o f fu l l p roportion .5
At the fame time, cont inu es Mr. Le thie u l l ie r, came in common u fe the humbl egrave-(l one l aid fl at with the p avement, fome time s wi th a n infcrip tion cu t roundthe bo rder of the (l one, fome time s enriched wi th co ll ly p lates o f bra fs . Bu t ei theravarice, or a n over- zealou s a ve rfion
’
to fome words in the infcrip tion , has robbed
mo (t o f the fe fton e s o f the bra fswh ich adorned them, a nd l eft the l e fs room for
certaintywhen th is fa fh ion began . Earl ier th an the 14 th cen tu ry I have feen or read
of very few: a nd towa rds thebeginn ing o f th a t I a m a pt to th ink theywere bu t fca rce .
One I th ink wa s p roduced at the Societ y o f Ant iqu aries l aft year [ 1 7 7 dated
I 3 00 ; bu t o f th is I (hou ld be glad of a farther certaint y . W eever men t ion s on ein St . Pau l's fo r Rich a rd Newport, anno 1 3 1 7 , a nd gives another at B e rkh a mfte a din l l e rtfordf hire , wh ich , by mifia k e , he dates 1 3 06, the true d ate being 1 3 5 6
6.
Upon the whol e, where we have not a pofitive date,I lhou ld hard l y gu e fs a ny
bra fs p l at e I me t with to be o l der than 1 3 5 0, a nd few fo old ; bu t from abou t1 3 8 0 they grew in common u fe , a nd rema ined (0 even to k ing James the Firf’t
’
s
t ime. On l y after the reign o f Edward the Sixth , we find the o ld Gothic fqu a reletter changed into the Roman rou nd hand, a nd the phra fe Or a te pro a nt/7m uni
v e rfa l l y om itted .
”
The fl at gra v e fl on e , with a nd withou t the in fcription in l aid in hra fs, is alfoo f higher an t iqu it y than Mr. Le thie u l l ie r a fcribe s to i t. W e have infia nce s o f ’it
in the 1 3 th cen tu ry . The cap i tal lett ers, whether Sa x on, or Gothic, or a mi x tu reof both , occu r abou t the clo fc o f that centu ry, a nd cont inu e through the reign s o fthe three Edwards at l e a fi. The fe letters were cu t deep in the fione , a nd b
i
ra fs
or lead pou red into them,wh ich hav ing been p icked or worn ou t, the cav i t ies
retain a bo ld a nd l egible impre fii on in man y pari (h chu rches in H e rtfordfh ire
a nd e lfewh e re . Mr . B lomfie ld gi ves on e in North Pickenham chu rch, forMargaret \V a nton , who d ied in the reign o f Edward I I The o lde fi in fcription
in York cathedral , for Dean Langton , who d ied I 2 79 , is o f this fort u ndated3.
S imon d e Beau champ e a rl o f Bedford,who comp l eated the foundat ion of
Ncwe nh a m abbey near Be d l’
ord, a nd d ied before g john , 1 2 089, wa s bu ried
\Vore cfie rfl1 l l . This is n one , wizh tha t me niione d be fo re p. x cv. fro m Sa lmon, who p l a ce s i t in Shropih ire ,a nd ca l l s '
II a Ion n f lotdArunde l.Alhm. I . 70.
3 ] 35 3Mon de l a mona rch Fr. II. p 160 16 . p l. x x t u . 4 . xxv i i i . 1 .
Se e a no the r influnt'c of hi5 incorre e tncfs'
in ll lorne fic ld, II. 6 1 5I l l . 4 07. "a t
, 4 74 .
Dugd. Ba r. I . a :o
n
e
before
[ d ]
be fore th e high alt ar in St . Pau l‘s chu rch at Bedford, wi th th i s e p it aphic
grown in bra/J , a nd fe t on a flat marbl e li one .
De Be l/o ca m/10ja f e t bit fubma rmore Simon
fimda tor de Newe nba m
which infcriptio’n fe ems to have re mained in Lel and’s t ime . Richard de B e rkyng
abbot o fW e limin fi e r, who d ied 1 2 4 6, h a d a flab in l aid wi th hi s figu re in pom:
fica /ibw, a nd a n infcription on the ledge in bra fs,th e traces o f wh ich are {t i l l to
be feen on th e (l one nowl y ing in the area at th e foo t o f the fiep s o f Hen ry V I I’ S
chap e l1
.
I l ay no fire fs on th e pifiure inla id re f/b brafi o f Gilbert Crifp in abbot o f
We ftminfie r, who died 1 1 1 4 , though feen a nd de fcribe d by W eever 3, wh ich Ifu fpe é
‘
t to be o f l a te r manu factu re . Nor on that wh ich Mr . Bridges in accu ratel ya fcribe d to W i l l i am Rowe], 1 2 2 2 , fince there is every evidence to con vince mei t bears date 1 3 5 1. Nor on the bra fs figu re fuppofe d to h ave re pre fe n ted
Ifa be l counte fs o f Cornwal l a nd Glou ce li e r, who d ied before 1 2 4, 3 , a nd wa s bu ri edin Beau l ieu abbey, though I have engraved i t p l . XIV . There has been a bra fs
cro fs, 8 x . in l aid on the tomb o f Robert B ingham bifhop of Sal isbu ry, who d ied
1 2 4 7 a nd on the (l ab a ffign e d by Mr. Dart to Roger de W endover biih op o f
Roche ficr, who d ied 1 2 5 0 .
W hether th e letters of bi(h op Gra ve fe nd'
s infcription , 1 2 79, were in l aid wi th
metal , or on l y cu t as deep as Prior B a fyng’
s at W inche fle r, 1 2 8 4 , is nucetta in ; but marks o f fuch in l ay ing ma y be fii l l feen on the fl a b o f Wi l l i am de
Lu da, bi(hop of Ely, who died 1 2 98 . El i as de B e kingh a m, who d ied after
2 7 Edward I . had both h i s figu re a nd infcrip tion in l aid in bra fs in Bote fh am
chu rch . Mr. L e thie u l lie r himfe l f obfe rve s, that the pompou s marbl e which liesover N icholas Longe fp e e , who d ied bifl10p of Sa l ifbu ry [ 1 a nd appears toh ave been rich ly p l ated, though th e bra fs i s nowgone, is one of the moit remarkable of th at k ind that he h a d me t wi th .
El a counte s o f W arwick , awoman of a very great riches a nd nobil ite , l yithebu ried at the bedde o f the tumbe of Hen ry Oil l e y, u ndre a very fai r flat ma r
bl e , in the h abi t o f a wove s [fum e/Zr or 111111 ] grown y” a cape r pla te ,” fay s
Leland 4 , who fp e a k s as a n eye-witne fs . She d ied 1 3 00 . This I had ci ted as
on e o f the e a rl ie f’t iu i’ca nce s of bra fs p l ates, wh ich I had added inadvert ent l ywere
p robabl y ju ft int roduced abou t th i s t ime . Mr. Ru dder gives on e in Badmin ton
chu rch for Ka l pn Botil e r lord of Badmin ton, who d i ed 3 Edwa rd I. 1 2 7 5 , on agrey marb le fl ab i n l aid wi th bra fs the figu re o f two kn igh ts, a fh ie ld wi th a l ionramp an t, a nd rou nd the e dge Ro i/1b B a l i/e r, mile s , domin a r Thomas deCorbridge , a rchbilhop o f York , who d ied 1 3 0 3 , h a d a bra fs figu re on hi s fl a b
at Sou thwel l , long ago torn off ’. W eever {awthe bra fs ep itaph on the tomb o f
W alter W e n lok abbot of W e ftminfie r, who d ied 1 3 07s.
The au thorit i es above reci ted a flign a n earl y date to bra fs figu res , a nd by thebeginn ing o f the 1 4 th cen tu ry they were become (0 common that in 1 3 08 a
canon of Hereford cou ld afford a very h a ndfome one , though i t i s (t i l l the o lde ltfe pu lchra l bra fs, now in t i re a nd wel l p re fe rve d, th at I have feen . A bi(h op of
Sa l ifbury, whom I fuppo fe Mortiv a l,who d ied 1 3 2 9, Wa s con ten t wi th a crofs
in l aid in bra fs 9 . If the vergers are right in giving thi s tomb to bilh op Roger,bra fs in l ay ing wi l l be 1 5 0 years o lder.
Le l . It. I I . 19. Dugd .Ba r. I. 73. D am i a n.3 P. 497.
Le l a nd, It. I. 1 1 7. VIII. 71.Se e p . 100 . P. 257.
7 Dra ke , 4 31. P 486.
Se e p . u .
[ cli ]
The fe cond‘
a rc‘
nbifhop o f York that h a d bra f’fcs wa s Melton, 1 3 4 0 W e h ave
feen th a t o f C u rtlington , at VVe i
’
tmin l l e r, 1 3 3 1 , wa s no t o n e o f the olde fl abbat ia l bra lf e s .
i
H ow ta ll fuch memoria l s mu lt ip l ied among al l ranks from th i s
p eriod appears by inn umerabl e in fta uce s .
Thomas d e Gai ley , rector o f W e l t Bradenham,Norfolk , from 1 3 1 8 to 1 3 2 4 ,
h a s a br a fs in the chancel there : his head in a qu atrefoi l 011 a cro i'
s wi th fomething at the feet o f it. The in fcrip tion in cap ita ls round the rim
Ca l /tine l . ba e c. fofl‘
a .
‘Tbome . 7111770. corp zu . e Z. of a .
Ef f /£ 18 . rec/or . bz zjur. e x t/717 . a n] . protefior .
Gm/ia . que/o. D e i , prop z'
t z'
e l u r . e i1
.
W i l l i am de Non port, p rebendary of C re dington a nd Wel ls, a nd rector o f’
Re de nh a l e in Norfo lk,h a d one , 13 2 6 , wi th his figu re a nd a n in fcription in
an ti en t cap it a l s ’.
W i l l i am Ernald, rector o f Carleton Rode in the fame cou nty, has in the chance l there hi s e fligie s in bra fs
,in h is p ricfi
‘
s habi t, in his deik , wi th a bookl yingr a nd a cro fs l i a nding before him
Mr. B lome ti e ld de fcribe s S’
a fl ab robbed o f its bra fl‘
e s at Stra ndon for Sir Roger de
Bou rn e, who d ied 13 3 1. Sir W i l l i am B e rn a k'
s death is dated 13 3 4 , on a bra fs ’
in l-l e the rfe t chu rch , Norfo lk , a nd that o f h is l ady That o f S ir Hugh
H a fiings , at El fyng in the fame cou n t y 7,is re ferred to abou t" 1 3 4 7 thofe o i:
Robert Eggle sfie ld , fou nder o f Queen's col lege, O x ford 3
, o f W alter Stu te l ie ,roétor o f Ea lt Dcre h a m, Norfolk 9
,a nd o f Margaret Torrington, at Great Berk
h a mlte d are bu t two years l ater, fu ppo ling the mon ument s to be coce v a l wi ththei r dates . As a l fo that o f Si r Edmu nd I l l ey , kn ight , who d ied 13 4 9 , a nd hiswife , wi th a French in l
'
cription , in Holme Hale chu rch , Norfo l k"
. One between
13 4 9 a nd 13 6 2 , at Fo u ldon , Norfolk, h a s thi s fhort ep i taph, l ike Venerable Bede’s.
Ca z-o 77107716 Pa lme r 599of a
The next to the fe is that o f Sir Robert Hu ers at Acton in Suflb l k, 13 61 ; a nd
from th i s period they mu lt ip l ied fo fa il that (e ve ra l at Lynne are in the highe ltfta te o f fin i ihiug. Perhap s the inte rcou rf
e wi th the con tinent by th is po rt p eop l edth e comi ty o f Norfo lk with (0 many more a nd finer t han on e meet s -with inother cou nt ies . The fame re a fon ma y be a ffigne d fo r the cofily bra fi
'
e s among
th e clothiers in Glo u ce lte rlh ire .
0
In Great H adham chu rch , c . l l e rts , i s a p l ain bra fs pl a te~ infcribe d,
11111 11111111 211111111 113111111 he la a nb'm.
No fu ch p e rf on oecu ‘s in Newcou rt’
s l ift o f rectors o f th i s chu rch , u n le fs wef
‘
nou ld li ippofe Al a in/ J de Fe n , who wa s here from 13 7 2 to 13 8 2 , to be mean tby i t . S imon Fl a mba rtl , another red or, u nknown to Newcourt, i s commemo
rated on the verge o f a n o ld {ton e in the fame chancel ‘ 3.
Mr . Le thie u l l ie r miit a k e s VVe e ve r’
s accoun t o f Richard Newport’s mon umen t .
in o ld St . Pau l ‘ s . He ca l l s i t ‘ 4 a lit/[e monume nt, n ot a bra fs p late, a nd fays itbe longed to -bybop Newport .
D ra ke . p. 4 3 3. Blome f. III. 24 1 . BlOMCf. ”L4 Bhnuc f. Il l . p 8 3.
5 II. 1 1 8 .
4 59
o n
The infe rip tum wa s lo ll whe n Mr. Blomhc ld wrote ; bu t he fa ys it wa sObitu s Domini W i l l i dc Be rn a k 11
°c c c
° xxx i x v 1° me nfis Apr i l i sObi tus DominoAl ic i a dc Be rna k 11
°c cc
"1nr. l
ax 1 1
° die Ap ri l i s7 Se e p . 98 .
'
.
l'l in n-i. p . 103 . B lomcf. V. 1 8 7. Sa lmon ,
He rts 1 1 6. Blome f. III. 369.3 8 1 .
“3 Se e p . 78. P 369
Mr . Le thie u l l ie r go e s
Towa rd s the l a tt e r e nd o f the fou rteenth ce ntu ry a cu ftom p re va i le d l ik e
wife o f pu tt ing th e in lci ipuo ns in Fi e nch, a nd no t L a tin . Of the fe I h a v e fe e n
a nd re a d ma ny ; bu t the y a re ge ne r a l l y from 1 3 5 0 to v e ry ra re l y
a fte rwa rds . jo l a towh a s ind e e d p re fe rve d two , which we re in St . M a rt in's in
the V int ry, d a t e d 1 3 1 0 a nd 1 3 1 1 brit I h a ve fe e n no o th e rs fo e a rly .
"
H e re a ga in I a m lorry to diffe r from fo re fpe e‘
ta ble a u tho rit y . The e p it a ph
o f Robe rt de -V e re a t H a tfie ld Bro a d Oa k, 1 2 2 1 o f H e n ry III. 1 2 7 2 ; Qu e e n
El e a no r, I 2 90 ; Uri e n d e St . Pie rre , 1 2 9 5 ; j ohn \V a rre u e a rl o f Su rre y, 1 3 0 4 ;
Ad a m d e Fra mton , 1 3 2 5 , a re a few in lta nce s , p roduce d in the i r (e ve ra l p l a ce s ,Ou t o f ma n y mo re th a t m ight be fou nd . At th e fame t ime i t mu tt be obl
’
e rv e d,
th a t a s the ma jorit y o f the f ea re fo r the l a it y, i t i s p roba ble the cle rgy a nd re l ig iou s
p re fe rre d L a t in , a s th e i r mo re fa mi l i a r id iom.
'
Mr. Le th ie u l lie r (e e ms to h a ve mi ll a k e n Ston e ’s words ; fo r h e on l y fa ys ',
“ th a t S ir john Gifors , m a y o r o f London 13 1 1, l a y bu ri e d in this chu rch ; a nd
th a t in St . j ame s, G a rl ickhithe , Robe rt Ga be te r, e fq . m a yo r o f Newca fil e r uponTyne , 1 3 1 0, h a d a monume n t
Mr . L e thie u l l ie r a dds, The la t e e di to r o f th e Ant iqu it ie s o f We ftmin fte r [bywhom I fu ppo fe Mr. D a rt
-i s me a nt] a ffi rms (from wh a t a u tho rit y I know not)tha t {ton e coff in s we re n e ve r or ra re l y u fe d a fte r the th irt e e nth ce ntu ry . If th i s
be t ru e , we h a ve a n mm from whe nce to go u pwa rds in fe a rch of a ny o f thofe
monume nts, wh e re the {ton e cotl in a pp e a rs, a s i t fre qu e n t ly do e s .”
“As Gre ci a n a rchit e ctu re h a d a l i ttle dawn ing in Edwa rd th e Sixth’s t ime
,a nd
ma de a fa rth e r progre fs in the th re e fu ce e e ding re igns, we find in the gre a t
n umbe r o f monume nt s wh ich we re the n e re cte d the fma l l co lumn in troduce dwith it s ba fe a nd ca pit a l , fome time s fu pporting a n a rch , fome time s a n a rch itra ve ; but e ve ry wh e re mi x e d with them you wi l l obfe rve a v a fi de a l of theGo th ick o rn a me nts re t a in e d : a s fma l l fp ire s , i l l-ca rved ima ge s, fma l l fqu a re
rofe s, a nd o th e r fo l i a ge p a in te d a nd gi l t ; which fufli cicntly de no te the a ge
wh ich ma de th em, though no infcriptions a re le ft .”
The fa me fe ntime nt is (0 h a pp i l y e x pre ITe d by Mr. W a lpo le th a t I ca nnot forbe a r tra n fcribing his wo rds .
I t i s ce rt a in th a t the Go th ic ta fle rema in e d in vogu e t i l l towa rds the l a t te r
e nd o f the re ign o f H e n ry VIl I. His fa the r’s ch a p e l a t W e fiminfle r i s e n t i re l yo f th a t ma n ne r. So is Wo lfe y
’
s tomb-hou fe a t W indfor. Bu t foon a fte r theGre ci a n ftyl e wa s in t roduce d, a nd no wonde r whe n to ma ny It a l i a n s we re e n te rt a in e d in the k ing
'
s fe rvice . The y h a d fe e n th a t a rch ite ctu re re vi ve d in th e i rown count ry, in a l l its po ints ; bu t whe the r th e y we re not p e rfe ct ma fte rs of i tor th a t i t wa s ne ce fiiiry to in t roduce the innov a tion by de gre e s, i t ce rt a in l ydid not a t firfi obt a in fu l l pofle fli011. It wa s p l a fi e re d u pon Goth ic, a nd ma de a
ba rba rou s m i x tu re . Re gu l a r co lumn s wi th o rn a me n ts n e i the r Grze cia n nor
Goth ic, a nd h a l f embro ide re d with fo l i a ge , we re cra mme d ove r frontifp ie ce s,f a c a de s, a nd chimn ie s, a nd lo ft a l l gra ce by wa nting fimp l icity. This mongre lfp e cie s l a ll e d t i l l l a t e in the re ign o f J a me s IThis con fide ra tion induce d me to clo fe my wo rk wi th the fi x te e nth ce n tu ry
a fte rwhich pe riod fo l it t le o f the obj e ct propofe d by i t for the il lu ftra tion o f
m a nne rs a nd h a bits i s to be le a rn t from our monume nt s . The p re fe nt ce n
tu ry wi l l te a ch u s le fs, tho ugh it ma y a mufe itfe l f in h a nding down h ifiory in
re a l or emble ma t ica l re pre fe nta tions .Th e mon ume n t o f M a rga re t cou nte fs o f Le nox, moth e r of lord D a rn le y, i s
the firft comp le t e de vi a t ion from the Go thic form o f tombs ; a nd a fe cond in
Survey of London ,1633, p . 161. l b. p. 363 .
Ane cd. of Pa inting, I. 1 1 1.
“
fia nce
( C‘
V l
fia nce of tha t motl e y ta fie wh ich p re va i le d for the r ema inde r o f tha t ce ntury,to wh ich it (hou ld fe em fo much more e a fv for dra ughtfme n a nd e ngra ve rs todo ju ttice th a n to the pu re Goth ic th a t the re a re ma ny mo re fp e e imcns o f i t
p re fe rve d e ve n by the h a nd o f Ho l l a r th a n o f the o the r, a nd l a te r books a bound
with th em.
Se pu lchra l ch a pe l s we re not a lwa ys a dd i t ion s to a bu i ld ing a s thofe o f bi (hops
W e lt a nd Alcock , a t El y ; bifhop Aud le y, a t S a l ifbu ry ; bifli op L a ngton , a t
VVinch e ll e r ; bu t di liinft e re ction s wi th in the chu rch , a s bifhop W ickh a m’s a t
W inche fte r, a bbot Ra mridge’
s a nd Humphry duk e o f Glouce fte r, a t St . Alba n ’sR ich a rd =B e a u ch a mp e a rl o f W a rwick a t W a rwick ; the two be a u t i fu l one s one a ch fide the n a ve a t W e l l s ; a nd o f W a lte r lord Hu nge rfo rd a t Sa l ifbu ry, nowremove d to the ch a nce l ; the Bl a ck Prince a t C a n te rbu ry ; p rince Arthu r a t
Worce fte r ; a l l thofe be twe e n the a rch e s o f the cho i r a t Tewkfbu ry, a nd St .Ge orge
’ s ch a p e l, W indfor in a l l or mo (t o f which ma fs wa s ce l e bra te d inhonou r o f a p a t ron fa int, who fe ima ge wa s p l a ce d a t the he a d, o ve r the tomb,a nd for the fou l o f th e de funtft. W i l l i a m Rok e l e y, a rchbifhop o f Dubl in , whodi e d 1 5 2 1 , o rde re d his bowe l s to be bu rie d a t Dubl in ; his he a rt a t H a l ifa x ,whe re h e wa s vica r ; a nd his bod y a t Kirk S a nd a l, wh e re o f he h a d be e n min if~
te r ; a nd a ch a p e l to be e re cte d ove r e a ch . The memori a l o f him in the ch a p e lon the No rth ti de o f the ch a nce l a t H a l ifa x i s now remove d, a nd h is h e a rt h a sbe e n ofte n dug u p
Mr . Le thie u l l ie r p roce e d s to obfe rve , th a t fome knowle dge in He ra ldry isv e ry n e ce fi
‘
a ry in fe a rche s of this n a tu re . A coa t o f a rms,de vice , or rebu s, ve ry
o fte n rema ins wh e re not the l e a fi: wo rd of a n infcrip tion a pp e a rs , a nd wh e re inde e d v e ry p roba bl y the re n e ve r wa s a ny ; for I a m a ppre he nfi ve , th a t a v a n i t y in
furviv ing frie nds , who ima gin e d a p e rfon emine n t in th e i r t ime cou ld n e ve r be
fo rgotte n , induce d th em fre qu e nt l y not to pu t a ny on his monume n t . And i t
is not u ncommon to find a p iou s e j a cu l a t ion , or te xt o f Scriptu re , by wa y of e p i
t a ph, wi thou t th e l e a fime nt ion o f the p e rf on who l i e s the re in te rre d .
I t ma y be u fe fu l l ik ewife to reme mbe r the a e ra s wh e n ce rta in cu fl oms we rein troduce d in th e ma nn e r of be a rings, Si c. Thu s , whe n e ve r fupporte rs a re fo u nd
to a co a t of a rms, i t mu il ce rt a in l y be l a te r th a n the t ime o f king R ich a rd the
S e cond, th a t prince be ing the firfiwho u fe d a ny .
"
Mr. .Edmondfon fa ys, a rms we re not u fe d in Engl a nd be fo re th e comme nce
me n t of the t e nth ce n tu ry . Mr. G a le ’, no t be fore th e ye a r 1 1 4 7 , wh e n the
fe cond croifa de be ga n .
Phil ip , I 1 5 9, is the firfl o f the e a rls o f Fl a nde rs who bore a rms on h is fhie ld'
or h e lme t His fucce fl'
ors bore th em re gu l a rl y:
The firfl: infl’
a nce o f a rms on a f hie ld on monume n ts gi ve n by Mon t fa ucon
in Fr a nce i s r 1 09 . The o lde ft I h a v e me t wi th in Engla nd i s on the (h ie ld o f
Ge ffre y Ma gna vil l e e a rl o f Effe x in the Te mp le chu rch .
In the fix te e n th ce n tu ry, whe n a rmoria l be a rings mu l t ip l ie d (0 f a ll th a t the
ca nop ie s o f tombs we re co ve re d wi th th em, i t is not u nc >mmon, both h e re
a nd on the cont in e n t, to find the n ame s writt e n u nd e r th em .
Whe re the figu re of a woma n i s fou nd wi th a rms bot h on he r ki rt le a nd
m a n t le , tho fe on the k irt l e a re a lwa ys he r own fa m i l y‘s,
'
a nd thofe on the
ma n t le he r hu fba nd's 9. Eyth e 6
fa y s the a rms on the inn e r ga rme n t a re ma ide n,
InTurkey the tombs of the empe rors a re for the mo lt p a rt buil t in little cha pe ls , clo fe by, but not a djoining tothe mo fqu e s . Ju the fe Mue z ins a nd Dcrvife s pra y a nd re a d the Alco ra n la mps bu rn a t the he a d a nd fe e t of the gr a ve ,ove r which is pla ce d a n e mpty co ffin , cove re d wi th c loth o r ve lve t , a nd on it is fe t a turba n . Gre a vct on the Gra nd
Se igno r's Se ra glio , 11. 796. Se e a lfo Cha rdin's a cco unt o f the tombs of the Pcrf un mona rch: a t Kotn .
Gibfon’t Ca mde n, Yorkfh irc. Wa tfou
': Hill . ot
‘
H a l tfa x , p . 50 1 .
3 Pre f. a d Re g. Richmond , p . x vi. V1cd ius , p , 14 phu.
‘
Le thie u llie r, ubi fup.
Elyth e on Upton'
s Afpilogia , p .64.
cvi ]
a nd thofe on the ou te r ma rried be a rings ; fo it i s in th e portra it o f a Godd a rd
m a rrie d to a Rochford in St . Pe te r’s chu rch a t W a lpole ; a n d on the l a d y in
W orce fte r ca the dra l , whom h e ma ke s a Ve rdon by bi rth, a nd a Wa r re n by
ma rri a ge'; whe re a s the on l y a rms the l a tte r be a rs a re ou te r on h e r ga rme n t,
a nd th e y a re thofe o f Wa rre n, which th e wa s by ma rria g e . This d ifiinél ion i s
more fre qu e nt ly e x pre ffe d in windows th a n on tombs : Thu s to me nt ion two
infia nce s ; thofe on the fin e fe rie s o f Be a u ch a mp s, in the windows of the cho ir a t
W a rwick a nd th a t o f the Clopton s in the cl e re ftory of Long Mi lford
chu rch . In Ha rwood chu rch, Y ork fhire , a re the po rtra i ts o f j udge G a fco igne
a nd h is two wi ve s, h a ving on the i r m a n t le s h is a rms imp a l ing th e i r own, a nd
o ve r th e m the ir own a rms 3 .
On a fe a l of El iza be th Lu cy gi ve n by B yfhe on Up ton , p . 7 2 . {he ho lds
h e r hu fba nd’s a rms in he r right h a nd, a nd he r own in he r l e ft . Y e t Al ice wife
o f Gile s de Al‘
tl e y bore in he r le ft h a nd he r own a rms,“
a nd in he r right
thofe of Clin to n , in the windowo f a ch a nt ry, which [h e founde d a t Wo lve y 4 .
Two l a d ie s in the windows o f Bu rton Pe dwa rd ine chu rch , c. Linco ln, h a ve
a lte rn a te l y on the i r furco a t th e i r hu sba nds a rms’ a nd on a pe nnon in
th e ir h a nds the i r own 5. On the othe r h a n d, the windows o f the p a rlour a t
N ewnh a m Pa dox , c . W a rwick , fu rnith a n e xce p t ion to th i s ru le , by pu tt ingthe woma n
’ s a rms on the ma nt le , a nd non e on the k i rt le 6; a nd a t Me ri va le a nd
Gre ndon in the fa me co unt y, th e ma n’s on the ma n t le a nd non e on ihe k i rt le
The wife of Ge ra rd D'Ewe s, in the 1 6th ce ntu ry, h a s on he r ma nt le he r own
co a t_
imp a le d by he r hu sba nd's 8 .
The la d ie s , _ fa ys Co lombie re bore the i r hu sba nd’s a rms imp a le d with the i rown on th e ir robe s, p e tt icoa t, or ma ntle of ce remony, which th e y in the i r lifewe re on publ ic occa fions whe n th e y a il ifie d with them.
The firit infia nce of a fubje ét‘
s qu a rte ring of a rms is John H a fi ings e a rl ofPembrok e , fo l lowing the e x a mp le of king Edwa rd the Third.
Whe n the re a re on ly thre e floo rs de l is in the a rms of Fra nce , a nd not fa mée ,i t is l a te r th a n k ing He n ry the Fi fth .
The numbe r o f p rince s of th e blood roy a l of the hou fe s o f York a nd L a n
cafie r ma y e a fily be difiingu i lhe d by th e l a be l s on th e i r co a ts o f a rms, whicha re d iff e re n t for e a ch, a nd v e ry o fte n th e ir d e vice s a re a dde d. Ti ll the t ime of
H e nry the Thi rd we find no co rone t s rou nd the h e a ds o f p e e rs . Thu sW i l l i a md e V a le nce e a r l o f Pembrok e , h a lf broth e r to king John , who d ie d a nno 12 9501-1 296, a nd is bu rie d inW efimin il e r a bbe y, h a s on l y a p l a in fil le t ; bu t John
of Elth a m, fe cond fon to king Edwa rd the Se cond, who die d a nno ( 3 334 , a nd i sbu ri e d in the fa me p la ce , h a s a coron e t with le a ve s on a nd i s the moft a ncie n to f th is fort wh ich is me twi th
As to monume n t s for the (e ve ra l degre e s o f chu rchme n, a s bi(h0p s, a bbo ts,p rio rs, monk s, &c. or o f re l igiou s wome n
,the y a re e a fi ly to be difiingu ifhe d
from o th e r pe rfons, bu t e qu a l l y d ifficu l t to a fce rta in to the ir t rue owne rs .Among the fe , a s a mong the fo reme nt ione d monume nts, for the mo lt p a rt .the{tone e fli gie s a re the o lde ft
,with the m i tre , crofie r, a nd othe r p rop e r infign i a
a nd ve ry o fte n wide r a t the he a d th a n fe e t,‘
h a ving inde e d be e n the v e ry co v e r tothe {l one co ffin s in wh ich th e bod y wa s de po l i te d.
Whe n bra fs p l a te s ca me in fa fh ion, the y we re l ikewife ve ry much u fe d bybi(h op s, Se e .
“ma ny of whofe gra ve -fton e s r ema in a t th is d a y, v e ry rich l ya dorne d ; a nd in ma ny the inde n te d ma rble fhews th a t th e y h a v e be e n fo . In
4
Pa temo ge nt-re e x fami lil Ve rdonorum fuit a : conjux e njufda m comi tl l Surre ia : Wa rrmi r. Ve flis e n im inte rio r
Vtrdonor um h a be t infigni a , e xte rio r IVa rmowm. Pe r que m more m ortum conjugi a he ro in: o l im e x prime oa n t.”
Not: a d Spe lm. p . 94 . Le Neve , in a MS. no te on this p a tl'
a ge thul e xpla ins it. Ve nit e xte rio r familia ra fa nnin z ,e xte rio rviri dcnota t .
Dugda le‘
s Wa rwie kfh . firfl e dit . p. 3 18 .1 Thore lby
’s Duca t. Le od. p . | 77.
4 Dugu. l b. 4 7. S a nndcrfon's MSS co llca ionl . Dugd a le , ubi (up . p . be .
7 B ogd. lb. 784 . 796.We eve r, 698. Scie nce he roiqu e , p. 4 79. Se e p. 95. a nd pl . m l u .
6 Sa l ifburp
Pl a te I .
I . We/oe c p riory, c. Nott ingh am.
2 . Kr'
rk/e e r p a rk , be longing to Sir Ge o rge Armita ge , ba rt . in the We ft R idingo f Y o rk f hire . Th e figu re of the {tone ov e r the gra ve o f Robin Hood,
now brok e n a nd much de fa ce d, the infcription il legible . Th a t p rinte d inTho re sby Dnc a t . Le od . 5 7 6, from Dr. G a l e ’s p a pe rs, wa s n e ve r on i t .The l a te
'
Sir S amu e l Armi t a ge , owne r o f the premife s, ca u fe d the grou ndu nde r it to be dug a y a rd de e p, a nd fou nd i t h a d n e ve r be e n diftu rbe d ;(0 th a t i t wa s p roba bl y brought from fome o the r p l a ce , a nd by vu lga rtr a d it ion a fcr ibe d to Robin Hood
3 . Kirk/y in A/bfie/d,c . No tt ingham, fre e fton e on Sou th tide o f the chu rch- y a rd.
4 . Wt’
nte rbome ch a p e l , B e rk s, in the he lfre y, imboit on a pl a nk of wood a n t ie nt]yu fe d a s a gra ve fione
5 . Kirk/e a p rio ry, dug ou t of the ru ins in th e a n t ie n t ceme try, 1 75 4 , nowp l a ce don a ra ife d tomb.
6 . Ta nke ryley, w'
e a R iding o f Y orkf hire , fre e ftone , Sou th fid e o f the chu rch y a rd.
7 . Roy/Ion, H e rts, in l a id with bra fs on blu e ma rble , wi th in th e ra i l s .8 . B uck/a nd, Be rks, e mbo il on a ra ife d gt a ve fione , u nde r the m a in a rch on the
No rth ti de o f th e ch a nce l 3 .
9 . Sou th fide o f Ern/ey chu rch y a rd, in the We ll R id ing of Y ork fhire .
I O . Kirk/e a , dug ou t o f th e ru ins o f the a n tie n t ce me te ry.
I I Ea ft e nd o f Ra mfey chu rch y a rd, c. H u n t ingdon .
1 a . Long Su tton, in Ho l l a n d , c. Linc. middle a i le .
Pl a te I I .
I . Aldwick in zbe _ l5‘
tre e t, in the W e lt Rid ing o f Y orkfhire , in th e ch a nce l .a . B owe r chu rch , {te p in to the n a ve p roba bl y for one of the f ami l y o f Bowe s ‘
.
3 . Kirk Deg/l i on, W e lt Riding of Y ork fh ire , on the No rth fide o f the ch a nce ]for o ne o f th e fa mi l y of ROS , forme rl y of Ingma nthorp e in _ thi s pa rifh,a nd lords o f Kirk D e ighton .
5
4 . c bington chu rch y a rd, c . Du rh a m. Thi s J ame s Sa nde rfon, a l i a s de B e dick ,wa s fe cond (on of Ale xa nde r de B e dick o f B e dick
,in the p a rifh of Wt
ington , who l i ve d 1 3 3 3 , a nd a lfo l ie s bu ri e d in th e fame chu rch y a rd,with his e fligy o n h is tomb From thi s J a me s de fce nde d th e S a unde rfon s v ifco unts C a ftl e ton in the k ingdom o f I re l a nd 7
5 . Bol a m chu rch , Northumbe rl a nd, Sou th a i le ; fuppofe d for on e of th e a nti e nt
fa mi l y o f C a rn a by the re 3 .6 . B owe r chu rch, n e a r the Nort h‘ doo r.
7 . Cbe twynd chu rch , Shropfhire , now the e fta te of Pigot, e fq. for one of
the fa mi l y of Ch e twynd, a s a pp e a rs by the a rms 9. In th e middle of the
ch a nce ].Midd le a i l e o f Tbornton chu rch in Cra ve n, from
'
the chu rch y a rd .
9 . Ca rwa rtb church y a rd, c. H un t. remov e d from the chu rch wh e n the floorwa s re p a ire d .
t o . Le e k chu rch, No rth Rid ing of Y ork fh'
ire
. B re e knook, o ve r on e o f_
the fa mi l y o f Price1 a . K irkoy m fl/bfie ld, c. No tt ingh am, fre e -(tone , North fide of the church.
Mr. Wa tfon'a Le tte r in An tiqua ry Socie ty Min-ti te r.Alh mo le ’
s Be rks Monume nts C . x ii . p. 1 77. in Coll. Arm. l b. C . a n . p . 98 .
Se e Le l. 1! IV . i n. Dugd . Mon. Ebor. in Cou Armor,C . xxxii f 86. Coll. Ann .7 C 4 1 . Coll. Arm.
Dugd Mon Ebor. in Coll.Arm f. “6. b. Se e Thoro ton’
i Nott. 4 74 .HULMS. 9 1 1 . p. 3 6. Ha rl. MS. 91 1.
Pl a t e III.
I . Ra mfey, 0. Hunt. Ea fl: e nd of the chu rch-y a rd; Such a n one At Soh amch u rch .
2 . La ndbe a ch chu rch, c.-C ambridge .
3 . Ste eple Gidding chu rch-ya rd, c . Hun t . Se e the firft crofs in the H ittory o i
The t fo rd , Pl . 111.
4 . Ra m/ey chu rch y a rd, a s a fe nce in the wa l l .
5 . Dorcbeyi e r , c . Ox. A fimil a r one a tMa l/ing a bbe y, c . Ke n t .
6 . 7 . 8 . On the wa l l of Cbefie rford chu rchy a rd, c. C a mb.
9 . Kirkby in A/bfie/d , c . No ttingh a m, Sou th fide o f the chu rch y a rd .
t o . Dew/our} , c . Yo rk, nowp l a ce d a ga in(t the V ica r a ge hou fe , bu t fo rme rl y inthe Sou th cho i r.
1 t . Ra m/ey chu rch , No rth a i le .
I 2 . In the Sou th fide o f the Sou th a il e of th e choi r of Rorbefier ca the dra l .
r 3 . Norwiob ca the dra l .
Pl a te IV .
I . In the ch a nce l a t Foa rzbope , c. He re fo rd; inwh ich the vine bra nch e s a nd crofsa re u nite d .
2 . Home La cy, in fa me coun t y, ne a r the Sou th porch , fre e -(l one ; fuch a no the r,bu t riche r, in l a i d in bra fs , in the ve ll ry o f St. M a ry’
s chu rch , Linco ln .
3 . Greg/Za ck, C. C r: .rbe rl a nd, with in the ra i l s o f the a lt a r, n e a r the No rth
wa l l : in fre e lton e . This John lord Gre yl‘
tock wa s fummon e d to p a rl i a
me n t from 2 3 to 3 4 Edwa rd I . in wh ich l a fl: ye a r he die d . The a rms a reG . th re e cu fh ion s A. t a ffe l l e d O .
Armour} , c . H e r e ford, fre e fton e l a i d loofe , n e a r the We ll e nd.
5 . In the ceme te ry o f the nunne ry a t Kirk/e a r, Y ork ih ire . Douce je/a d e
Na z a re tb e i me rcy a El iz a be t de Sta nton ia a’
ir p riore s de oeyi ma x/on
Dew/bury chu rch, Y ork lh ire , now a ga in(t the wa l l of the vica ra ge -hou fe ,bu t dug o u t o f the Sou th cho i r whe n the chu rch wa s re p a i re d a fewy e a rsa go . I t l a y o ve r on e of the Soothi l ls of Sooth i l l in th is p a rifh, who bore G .
a n e a gle difp l a ye d A . to which the a n ima l s on th e {tone a re fuppofe d to
a l lude . Thi s cho i r, wi th the m a nor of Soo th i l l, be longe d to th e l a t e
Sir Ge o rge S a vi l le , o f Tho rnhil l'
a nd Ruflbrd, ba rt . in right of th e ma rri a ge
of his a nce ftor Sir H e nry Sa vi l le , o f Thornh i ll, kn ight of the B a th in the
re ign o f H e n ry V III. with El i za be th d a ughte r a nd h e ire fs of Thoma sSoo th il l , o f Sooth i ll, e fq.
In th e ch a nce l o f B a ckwortb, c . Hu n t . fuppofe d fo r a n a n t i e n t re é‘
tor . In
bra fs , now re a v e d .
8 . H e n/y on Toa me s, in the ch a nce l the bra fs re a ve d
9 . Norton Difn ey , c. Linc. North ch a nce l . In fcrip tion : I a"
gmjoa n qu e f a] ? laf emme worm Gil/a m Di/m
'
e t file moa n fire Nicola i~ de La noforte D e u e il e
me re i de f a a lme . fin/e n .
1 0 . Fo und in d igging th e found a t ion s o f th e Qu a k e r’s me e t ing-houfe a t Ef f/101,
1 7 4 9 , on the fi te o f the B l a ckfri a rs . Infcription rou nd i t, Reyna ld s To/de
gi/l ia'
: de u de /a a lme cit me /‘
ci. It h a d be e n u fe d a s a ch imne y-p ie ce ,a nd wa s fince brok e n to p ie ce s .
i t . Dore a bbe y, H e re fordfh ire , in the ru in s o f the n a ve , in fre e -fion e .
1 2 . In th e Northwa l l o f th e n a ve a t B urnt Pe/ba m, c . H e rts . de fcribe d p . l xxxvi i i .
Se e a wre tche d copy of it in the Account of Antiquitie s in a nd a bout Oxford, a nne xe d to Le l a nd's Itin? I I .It is a lfo incorre a ly copi e d in Tlrore lby
's Duc . Le od. p. 9 1 .
,r 3 . In
1
In Ma rl) H a d/barn chu rch , H e rts . on the fla b o f a (l on e circumfcribe d in
Go th ic c a p ita l s , H ie ja re t Simon Fl a mlmrd, quonda m re f/or bujur e cl efitt
In the Sou th ch a nce l o f St . Ma ry R a dcl iffe , B ri/Iol, n e a r C a nn inge s’ tomb,
o ve rW i l l i a m Cok e his fe tv a nt, a nd a s it lhou ld fe e m by the d e vice s, a me 4
n i a l in the k i tch e n, u n l e fs the y a re a re bu s o f h is n ame .
Dore gooey, c. H e re fo rd , Sou th tide o f the chu rch-y a rd, fre e -1tone .
The two l a lt {ton e s in th is Pl a te h a ve ve ry fma l l croll e s, a ccomp a n ie d withothe r d e vice s .
The fe a re fo ma ny p roo fs th a t the cro fs wa s not confine d to the monume n t so f re l ig io u s . Mr. St ru t t gi ve s one from a S a xon dra wing on the l id of a roy a lco ff i n . I a fcribe one in the Temp le -chu rch to a fon o f H e n ry I I. Mr . Blomefie ld gi ve s on e a t Fe rsfie ld o ve r Si r Robe rt Bo i s a nd a nothe r formé, in Titfa lch a nce l, o ve r a re l igio u s who bu i l t th a t p a rt o f
_
the chu rch . A long gre a tcro fs o f bra fs wa s on the (l a b o f W i l l i a m fon of Sir John Rochfo rd con
l l a ble o fW i sbe ch-ca ftle , in W a lpo le chu rch, in the fa me cou n ty In Ge n t . Ma g.
1 7 4 9 . p . 4 0 3 . 5 5 1 . o ne is de fcribe d o v e r a ma rrie d woma n a t C a rl ifle .
L e l a nd 4 me nt io n s o n e a t Ofe n e yrove r He nry Do i l y, (on of th e foundre fs . Juga
B a yn a rd, foundre fs of Du nmow,i s fuppofe d to h a ve one on he r cofii n in the
wa l l o f th e ch u rch the re 5 . The l aws o f Ke nne th k ing of Scot l a nd, in the e ighthce n tu ry, o rd e r a crofs to be pu t on e ve ry gra ve -fton e .
On e l ie s o ve r a rchbilhop Sudbu ry's fa the r, in St . Ge orge
’ s chu rch a t Sudbu ryone o ve r a rchbifhop Chiche l e y
’s fa the r, in High am Fe rra rs chu rch 6
: two o l de rtha n the fe in the chu rch-y a rd a tMa the rne , c. Monmou th, o ve r Urie n de St . Pi e rrea nd wi fe , [ 1 95 In the B a li e nd of the Sou th tra nfe pt o f B a ngor ca the dra lis a crofs on a n a lt a r tomb (a id to cove t‘ Owe n Gle nd'wr, or mo re p roba bl y OwenGwe nn e tb, So ve re ign o f North W a le s, who d ie d 1 1 69, a nd Wa s bu rie d h e re
'
wi thh is bro the r C a dwa l la de r, a ccord ing to Gira ldu s C a mbre nfis
3. l h a ve a draw/ing of
one ove r a burge fs a nd his wife , a p l a in crofs, the fh a ft a nd tr a nfve rfe s, po inte don e a ch fide o f i t l a be ls with filth“: mttcp ! l a Dp z be lpt ! a nd a t the
foo t, "l emtnto a nd round the le dge ,
ibis jamgloba tmts llfia t lttt quonnammutgmfis (time timenot obi it tbtt
“
t mmfis a pttlts a nno b’
ttt mtltfimottttlrtr citrus a ntmt pmptttttur tints . z mm. 31a D
’
tto
confine .
Mr. Le thie u l l ie r conclude s,“ I {h a l l on l y me nt ion one monume n t more , which i s fomewh a t p e cu l i a r ; I
me a n the re pre fe nt a tion o f a fk e le ton in a fh roud, l y ing e i th e r u nde r or on a .
t a ble tomb. I h a ve obfe rv e d one o f th i s ma k e in a lmoft a l l the ca the dra l a ndcon ve n tu a l chu rch e s th roughou t Engl a nd, a nd fca rce l y e ve r more th a n one ;
bu t wh a t a ge to a tt ribu te th e u nknown one s to, I ca n find no d a te to gu e fs by,fince the re is one in Yo rk ca th e dra l for Robe rt C l a ge t, tre a fure r o f th a t ca th e dra l,a s a ncie nt a s 1 24 1 a nd in Brift ol ca the dra l Pa u l Bu fh, the firlt bifhop o f th a tfe e , who d i e d (0 l a t e a s 1 5 5 8 , i s re pre fe nte d in the fa me ma nn e r, a nd l h a veohfe rve d fome in e ve ry a ge be twe e n .
"
The l e a l‘
t d egre e o f re fl e cl ion wou ld h a v e (h ewn th a t th e figu re he re a l lude dto, which h a s cre a te d
’
a n u n ne ccfi'
a ry p e rp le xit y wit h fe ve ra l cu riou s p e rfo n s, a nd gi ve n rife to th e foo l if h t a le s o f ve rge rs a nd fe x tons, wa s n othing moreth a n a firik ing e x empl ifica tion o f the ch a nge o f cond it ion ma de by de a th contr a fie d
I5“ P 5‘ 179 I . 57. 66. P a rkins ‘ Con t inua tion of Blome fie ld
’t Norfolk, IV . 718 .
i l l . ‘9 Se e be fo re . p . xxxv. Engra ve d in the Stemma ta Chiche le ia nl .
Se e p . 68 . Archz o l V . p. 76, 77. Pl . II. a nd the newe dition of C a mde n's Brita nnia , l l . pl . x vi.It. C a mor. in W i l lis
's Ba ngo r, p . 76.
cx u
a t h e a d a nd fe e t, he r he a d bound with a chin-cloth, re cl ine d to the righth a nd,
'
which l ie s a cro fs he rwa ifi , he r le ft h a ngi'
ng down he r l e ft k ne e l i ft e d up .
Mr. B lome fic ld ca l ls the fe figu re s in bra fs “e ffigie s looki ng o u t o f the i r
wind ing lh e e ts S a lmon fa ys o f foch a t H i tchin, “ th a t'
the y a re e fii gie so f me n a nd wome n wi th p a rt o f th e i r h a bi t s t ie d a bove the i r h e a ds ; th e
woma n’s h a ir ha nging down a t e a ch fide , l ik e a long p e ru k e .
”In Sa
‘
bridge
wo rth chu rch a re a m a n a nd woma n fo a pp a re l le d, ho ld ing e a ch a n he a rt .Oth e rs on bro tf c
s o f the 1 5 th, 1 6th, a nd 1 7 th ce n tu rie s, in St .La u re nce’
s chu rch ,Norwich 3
. Oth e rs in Se dge fie ld chu rch , co . Du rh am. Th e figu re o f l a d yBruce o n h e r monume n t in E x ton chu rch , c. Ru t l a nd, i s fo h a bi te d, 1 6 2 7 4
.
Th e o lde lt figu re I re col le tft o f De a th re pre fe nte d a s a fk e l e ton i s on the bra fs
p l a te o f a rchde a con B ud ing, 1 4 7 1 , in B iggl e fwa de chu rch . The re i s a mo lt
be a u t ifu l a nd we l l-pre fe rve d l i tt l e o ne in a l a ba ite r a ga in(t the wa l l o ve r the
Morl e y tomb in th e ch a nce l a t Litt le Ho l l ingbu ry, Eff e x . Th e re is a comp le te
1k e lcton , p ra y ing in the B a li window o f the Le nn a rd ch a p e l , a tW e ltW ickh a m,
in Ke nt, p roba bly o f the m iddle o f the fix te e nth ce n tu ry . Pe t ron iu s Arbite r fa ys,th a t Trima lcio i nt rodu ce d with his wine a filve r figu re (0 con t riv e d that the jo in t s
a nd ve rt e bra : mov e d by fprings, a nd a fte r i t h a d p e rfo rme d fome ge fi ie u l a tions
h e re pe a t e d f ome v e rfe s on mo rt a l it y 5 . In Sp e nce’s Polyme ti s, p l a t e 4 1. de a th is
re pre fcnte d by a huma n fk e l e ton . Cou nt Ca y lu s rema rk s, th a t the a nt ie n t s
n e ve r re pre fe n te d d e a th on the i r mo nume nts, e ithe r in h is p rop e r figu re or
e mble ma t ica l l y, a nd whe n the y int roduce d fk e l e tons , the y con fide re d them not
a s im a ge s o f d e a th ,but o f the firuétu re o f the body (cbflrp e nte da corp: Th is
m a y be a pp l ie d to a l l Chrifiia n monume nts t il l Mr. Nightinga l’s the flce l e tons
a re on l y for contra li .I do not re co l le ét th a t a ny not ice h a s be e n t a ke n o f the circumfta nce of the
fo u l ca rri e d to he a ycn by a nge l s from the he a d o f the e fi‘igie s . Y e t th i s i s not
u ncommon, a nd wi l l be fo und h e re on the monume nt s of Ayme r de V a le nce ,
p l . XX IX. a nd lord Bu rgh e rfli , p l . XXXV. I t i s a lfo on the bra fs of S ir Hugh
H a flings a t El fying in No rfo lk, a nd on th a t rich one o f Roge r Tho rn ton a nd"
wife in Allh a l low'
s chu rch , Newca fil e a nd in Fra nce , o ve r th e tomb o f D a gobu t a t St . De nn i s 7 ; a nd o ve r the dying St . Lou i s in the windowo f th e fame
cho rch a
Mr . Blome fie ld 9 de fcribe s a n a l t a r-clo th in St . Gre gory's chu rch a t No rwich ,
u fe d whe n ma fs for th e de a d wa s ce le bra te d, h a ving on i t ma n y a nge ls ho lding(h e e ts, tho fe l ik e me n h a ving a demi -ma n n a k e d in e a ch fhe e t ; a nd thofe l ik ewome n a d e m i-woma n to re pre fcnt th a t by th e i r min iflra tion the fou l s of the
ri ghte ou s a re conducte d to h e a ve n .
I t re minds u s o f th e ide a th a t the fou l e fca pe s wi th th e l a ii bre a th , confe qu e ntlyou t o f the mou th . H e nce Ta ve rn i e r te l l s u s, the P a rfi s ma k e u fe of a dog to
re ce ive th e l a ii bre a th o f a p e rfon ju if e xp iring. In th e monume n t o f lordBu rghe rfh , howe ve r, th is grou pe i s a t h is fe e t.Among the innume ra ble infi a nce s o f figu re s on tombs, v e ry few v a ria t ion s of
a tt itude occu r. The re cumbe n t a tt i tu de with the h a nds e le va te d in de vot ion i sa dop t e d by p e rfons o f both fe x e s, a nd o f a l l ra nk s . C roifa de rs a re di(i ingu ilh e d
by cro ifing th e ir le gs ; nd p re l a te s by l ift ing u p the right h a nd, a nd e x t e nding the two firft finge r s to gi ve th e bcne diéi ion ; though th e y a s fre qu e n t l yh a ve the i r h a nds jo ine d a nd e l e v a te d . Some re l igiou s, be fide s th e cro fi e rs
a nd p a li ora l fl a tf , which th e y ho ld in diff e re n t a tt i tude s, mo re or l e fs e le ga n t,h a v e book s or chu rch e s , which two Ia ft a re pu t into the h a nds o f k ings orn obl e s Abbot Ra mridge , a t St . Alba ns, h a s h is h a nds cro ft, a nd h a nging down .
I II . 1 10. I-l e rts , 165 . Biomf. I I. 676. Wright's Rutla nd. p . 59.
5 Eu. Ha dria n idis , p . 1 1 5 . Pt ccucil , II I. 289.7 Moo tf. l . x iv . l b. l l . a n .
9 I I. 688 .Iae bcufme ntions in (he Sa intc clu pt ilc du p a la is a t Pa ris 3 prie li o f the 14 th or 15 111 Ce n tury, who , infle a ii of l
cha lice , holds in hit two ha nds a re liqua ry ‘o : ( Mine in formof a Go ihicpyra mid. C a n he ha ve mifla ke n this for a chumh ?
Hill . dc l a ville $4 diuc . dc Pa ris, I . 3 5 5.
I l
The figu re a t H a tfie ld Pe ve re l'
a lli gn e d to the fou ndre fs'
of the a bbe y,but
wh ich 1 r a the r incl in e to gi ve to form: fupe rior o'
r p rie li: of the he u fe , h a s in i t se le va te d h a nds wh a t ma y p a fs for a ch a l ice or a he a rt. A l a d y of the Bri a n fami l y, a t Bra mp ton Bri a n, H e re fordlh ire , ho lds a he a rt in he r h a nd ; a nd, thoughthe e lde li o f the famil y , h a s furvive d the de va ft a tions o f the ci vi l wa r, a nd is the
be lt pre fe rve d figu re o f the k ind . Le l a nd de fcribe s a t Ofe n e y a n ima ge o f th efo undre fs ( r 1 2 5 ) Edith e , o f Rome , in tha bbite o f a wove s, ho ld ing a n h a rtin he r right hun t], in the North fide o f the high a lt a re Aga th a de Na r~
~
borough , a h a l f ita tu e , ho lds a n h e a rt in he r h a nds’. So doe s a ma n in a
fhort coa t re a ch ing on l y to h is kne e s, a nd his ll e e ve s on l y to hi s e lbows,in H a tfo rd ch a nce l , B e rks The l it t le figu re in the ch a nce l a t Te nbu ry holdsa l a rge he a rt in i ts e le v a te d h a nds , a nd fo doe s a bra fs figure in B e rkel e y chu rch , c . Glouce ft e r, infcribe d may, a nd bill i op W a infie e t, a tWinche fte r.Thoma s Fifli e r a nd wife , in W a rwick chu rch , 1 5 7 7 , ho ld bible s ‘
. AnneGre y, I 5 0 5 , inWo tton W a v e ne y chu rch, h a s a ve ry l a rge fi ring o f be a ds 5
Bi lhop Ra in e lm, S ir John de l a Rive re a nd S i r John Cobh am,ho ld mode l s
o f He re fo rd ca the dra l , a nd o f To rma rton a nd Cobh am church e s . John Wyrra l l ha s h is horn a nd fa lchion ; a fore fie r a t Gl inton his a rrows a nd ho rn : a n
o ld cro fs - le gge d kn ight in m a i l, in Pe rlh ore chu rch, ha s in h is h a nd a hornf a fte ne d to his be l t : o n hi s le ft a rm a f hle ld, the e nd whe re o f a fe rp e nt bit e s,a t h is fe e t a n h a re "; W il l i a m Ma lge ne lte , one o f the king o f Fra nce ’s hun tfme n , who die d 1 3 0 1 , h a s on his bra fs p l a te his hunt ing ho rn h a nging from hi sri ght fide , a nd ho lds a da g fa lte n e d to a (tra p p a lt o v e r h is right a rm
3. Ano
the r figu re in bra fs, in B a ldock chu rch, h a s a t h i s right fide a hunt ing horn ,a nd a t h is le ft a co u te a u de cha lf e , wi th fome thing l ik e a Ie fl
'
e r cou t e a u in fe rte don the fa me fca bba rd, a nd by the fide o f the l a rge r on e fome thing l ik e a fk a in o f
whipcord : John C e yfl ll a purfc ; a s h a s a no the r ma n a t B a ldock with a l a rgerofa ry.
Some few a ttitude s a re v a r ie d to a de gre e of gre a te r l lghtn e fs a nd e le ga nce ,a s fome o f the kn ights in the Temp le chu rch a nd e l fewhe re , dra wing the i r(words . So the de fa ce d B e che s, a t Aldworth a nd the Bra ce bridge s a t Kingsbu ry, 0. W a rwick 9
. Edmund Crouchba ck tu rn s his ba ck to the a i l e , a nd loo ksbe hind him, l y ing on h is right fide ; fo doe s a p rior in No rma ndy . L a tombede Thoma s d e l a Qu e ue -d
’
h a ie , p rie u r do mon a lt e re de Sa ufi’
e ufe , e nte rré d a n sl a ch a pe l le de l a vie rge e ft rema rqu a ble e n ce c i qu ’
on l’
y a re pre fe n té comme
a ppuye e fur l a cote dro i t, ve tu e n h a bi t d‘
hyve r, l e roch e t p e nd a n t jufqu’
a u x t a lon s comme u ne a ube
In the fix te e nth ce ntu ry the y fupporte d th e i r he a ds in the i r right h a nd a n
a tt itude t a ke n from the Gre e k a nd Roma n monume n t s.I t h a s be e n fuppofe d u nufu a l to p l a ce th e l a d y a t the right h a nd o f the ma n,
a nd Dr. S a lmon re fe rs it to h e r be ing a n he ire fs bu t th e re a re ma ny infia nce s,
a s the I-Ia rlick s a t Sou th Acre , No rfo lk De l a le e , a t Albu ry, He rt s two kn ight s
a nd l a d ie s a t B e ve rl y ; the duk e o f No rfo lk , a t Fra ml ingh a m. Rich a rd the
S e cond’s qu e e n , a t W e ftminfte r, t a k e s the right h a nd o f he r hu (ba nd ; (0 doe sHe n ry the Fou rth’s a t C a nte rbu ry ; a s a lfo the wife of lo rd B a rdol f, a t Don
mingtou .
l tln. l l . 19. Blomf. III. 4 70.3 Alhmole , I. I 7;.
Dugd. 3 5 1 . l b. 605 . Rudde r, 774 ,Na lh
'
sWorc e fle r, I . 3 5 1. The lowe r p a rt of thi l figure it nowbroke n off .
Montf. Mon. 11. xxxix . 6.
Dugd . Wa rw . p. i 061 . Ed. Thoma s.De fe r. de l a ha utc Norma ndie , 11. 3 t hHem . u } . 3 84 . Survey, 575. Ani ta . Be rk. I . 3 1 .
The u fu a l p l a ce for chi ldre n on hra fl'
e s i s u nde r the fe e t o f the re fpe étive
p a re nts ; a nd thofe o f e a ch group look ing towa rd s e a ch othe r bu t th is ru le is
no t withou t e xce pt ion . Eliz a be th wi fe o f Thoma s lord Scrop e , who d ie d 9 H e n
ry V l l l . d ire cte d he r e xe cu to rs to l a y a {ton e o ve r h e r gra ve , wi th thre e ima ge s,th e one o f he r lo rd a nd husba nd, a nothe r o f he rfe l f, a nd the th ird o f he r
d a ught e r, with the i r a rms the re on, a nd a n infcript ion ma k ing me nt ion whothe y we re , a nd th is to the v a lu e o f te n pou nds On a bra fs a t W e lwyn the rei s a f on front ing, in the m idd le , be twe e n h is bro the r a nd fi lt e rs . Unde r the
p ews in the No rth a il e o f Orfo rd ch u rch a re a mo the r a nd fon ita nding toge the r,in Gre ci a n a tt itude s . The f on s o f Sir N icho l a s H awbe rk a nd Re gina ld lord'
B ra ybrook , a t Cobh a m,tl a nd a t the i r fa th e r’s fe e t a nd le ft
'
h a nd, on p e de fta l s
in fcribe d with the i r n a me s . Th e kne e l ing a tt i tude for ch ildre n wa s not, I bel ie ve , int roduce d t i l l a fte r the re fo rma t ion a ny more th a n th a t o f p a re nt s or
o th e r figu re s on monume nt s (e xce p t to the cro fs) , nor the in fa n t in fwa ddlingclo th e s or cr a d le . Th e re i s ind e e d a figu re o f a l a dy a t Bode nh a m in He re
fo rd lh ire who i s fo lding a n in fa nt u n de r he r ma n t le .
S a lmon 3 me nt ions th e h a i r cu rl e d, a nd no de fe nce a bou t the he a d a nd fa ce ,
a s i s u fu a l to find o f thofe bu rie d f mce the No rm a n Conqu e l’t, a s a p e cu l i a rit y
in the figu re (h e wn fo r th e e mpe rorSwa rm in York Min fte r. S ir John Ros
in the Te mp l e ch u rch is a l ik e figu re .
An a tte nt ive comp a ri fo n of the tombs o f ou r p rince s a nd noble s o f the th i r
te e nth ce ntu ry wi l l jti ltify a conj e étu re , th a t fo re ign a rtitts we re emp loye d
a bou t th e fta tu e s it not a bou t th e who le : a nd the ide a fugge fte d by Mr. W a l
p ole th a t C a v a l lin i wa s th e p rincip a l a rtift fo emp loye d, re ce i ve s no l itt le confirm a tion from the con formit y o f the v a rio u s p ie ce s e x e cu te d by o rde r of Ed
wa rd I. a nd during h is re ign : foch a s th e lhrin e o f the Confe fi’
or, the tombo f h is fa the r H e nry III. the p a veme nt o f the Confe ifor
’
s ch a p e l, a nd of the
h igh a lt a r in th e fa me chu rch , a nd the be a u t i fu l crofi‘
e s e recte d to h is confo rt,a n u np a ra l le le d memori a l o f conjuga l a ffe ction a nd a rt un ite d . To borrow the
wo rds o f a n e xce l le nt judge o f th e fe ma tte rs, Sir H e n ry Engl e fie ld, in h is defcription o f the crofs a t Ge dd ingto n , re a d be fo re the Socie t y o f Ant iqu a rie s,'
1 7 8 t , The de fign o f a l l the p a rt s o f th is firuéture is ve ry e le ga n t, a nd th e
e x e cu t ion fuch a s wou ld no t difcre d it a ny a ge . The rofe s th a t cove r the ba fe ,though too croude d, a nd th e re fo re wa nt ing in e ff e ct, a re o f a n a nt ique a pp e a r
a nce , a nd ca rve d with much de l ica cy a nd fp irit. The fta tu e s, though ma nne re d, a nd ra the r flitf , h a ve a gre a t (h a re o f me rit . Th e a ir of the he a d is
gr a ce fu l the d ra p e ry fa l ls in n a tu ra l though too minu te fo lds, a nd the h a ndsa nd fe e t a re we l l d rawn . On th e who le , the fia tu e s a re thought to be a r fo
gre a t a re fembl a nce to th e {i yl e o f the a nt i e n t l ta l ia n fchoo l , th a t i t i s h ighl y
p roba bl e Edwa rd h a d a rti fi s o f th a t n a t ion in hi s fe rv ice , if not fe n t fe r p ur
po fe l y o n th e occa fion .
"He n ry ”I . d ie d 1 2 7 2 ; Ele a no r The tomb
o f t h e fo rme r wa s e x e cu te d 8 Edwa rd l ‘, or t a So ; th e tomb a nd crofi
’
e s of the
l a tt e r te n or fi fte e n ye a rs a ft e r. Ave l ine co u nte fs o f L a nca fte r wa s l i v ing 4, Edwa rd 1 2 7 6 ; a nd how much longe r do e s not a ppe a r : h e r confo rt EdmundCrouchba ck , d ie d 1 2 96 . Si r Jo fe ph Aylofl
'
e s wa s for a fcribing the memori a ls o f a l l th e fe g re a t p e rlbna ge s, a s we l l a s the embe l l ithme n ts of the
fltrine o f Scbe rt, 1 3 0 8 , to Pie t ro C a v a l l in i, a s the de figne r, if not the e xe cu tor,
Duz d. ba r. I. 66 1.A coun t e fs ot
’
Eppcnflcin a t C ruce na y. in the Pa la tina te , u se. ha s howe ve r he r two chil dre n knee ling on thefa me pl a ne wnh li crft-It' a t he r fe e t. H itl Aca d.
'
l‘
heudo ru -Pa la tintr , l . 29.
3 Ne w Survey, 53 6.
Se e p . 5 7.
5 Account of the Wc llmin li e r Monume nts.
d i e d in prifon, or be fore th e y h a d p a id th e ir ra nfom, we re rcpre fe nte d on the i r"
tombs wi thou t fpu rs or h e lme t, withou t co a t of a rms or fwords, on l y the {ca b
b a rd gi rde d to, a nd h a nging a t th e ir tide s . Tho fe who fe l l in ba ttl e or re ncon
tre on the tide o f the conqu e re d we re to be rcpre fe nte d withou t coa ts of a rms,the (word a t the i r fide a nd in the fca bba rd, the v ifor ra ife d a nd ope n, the i rh a nds jo in e d on the ir bre a fts, a nd th e i r fe e t re fl ing a ga inft the ba ck o f a
de a d a nd ove rth :own l ion . The ch ild o f a go ve rno r or comma n de r in chie f, if
born in a be fie ge d cit y, or in the a rmy , howe ve r young he d ie d, wa s rcpre fe n te don his tomb a rme d a t a l l po ints, h is he a d o n his he lme t, a nd c l a d in a co a t of
ma i l o f his fi’ze a t the t ime o f his d e a th, a s ma y be fe e n a t St . Onyu a t Ro u e n
The mi l it a ry ma n, who a t the c iu fo o f his l i fe took on him a re l igiou s h a bi t,a nd d ie d in i t, wa s rcpre fe nte d comp le te l y a rme d, h is fword by h is fide on the
lowe r p a rt ; a nd on the u ppe r'
the h a bi t o f the o rde r which he ha d a ffume d,a nd u nd e r h is fe e t th e f hie ld o f h is a rms. The ge nt l ema n who h a s be e n con
qu e re d a nd fl a in in the l ifts in a comba t o f honou r o ught to be p l a ce d on histo mb a rme d a t a l l po int s, his ba tt l e - a x l ying by him, his l e ft a rm cro ft o ve rthe right . The ge nt l ema n victoriou s in the l ift s wa s e xhibite d on his tomba rme d a t a l l po in ts, h is ba tt le - a x in h is a rms h is right a rm croft ove r thel e ft. i f the fe ru le s a re not o f the fa me roma nt ic ca t
‘
t with thofe fa id to be
ma de by Ch a rlema gne , a nd re ci te d be low3, the y a re proba bl y obfe rve d, or
Qu e ry, l f the a rme d figure s of fma l l proportion, be fo re me ntione d. p a c ix . a re to be fo e xpla ine d.
The only infl a nce o f a ba ttle -a x a mong us l re colle ct is on Richa rd Corbct's rude figure a t Ma lvern, e ngra ve din Antiq. Re pe rt. 111. p . t 7 .
Ordin a unr e s ma de by Cha rle s the C re a te , who live d in the ye a re of our S a viour Chri ll e 700 , a ppoyntinge in
wha t ma nne r the ima ge o r re pre fe nta c'
ron o f eve ry ma n of noble a nd va l le ro u s coura ge fhou ld be fo rme d , a nd
pla ce d upon his fe pulche r in a rme s , a ccurdinge to the worthyncft o f the yr a ctions pe rforme d in the yr lyre-iyme .
From a MS. in the Scuda mo re Libra ry, now the pro pe rty o f Cha rle s Howa rd e a rl of Surre y, a t Home La cey.com. l lcrcford , compa re d wi th a nothe r in the ca t lrcdml libra ry a t Lie lifie ld .
m. If a ma n in his li fe ~ time ha th e ncounte re d a nd fought with his e nemy in clofe lifts , a nd ha th de pa rte d the nce wi thhonour, lrir e ffcgy o r rcp re fe nta tion {ha ll he figu re d on his fe pu lchre in comple te a rmou r, fournifl te d with a l l pie ce sa rape a pe , ha ving his he lme t upon his he a d, the be a re r cpcu , his ha nds conjoine d a nd e re cte d , with his horfema n'sba trc Il -a x e pla re d in the hon-ing o f his a rm a this fwo rd gir l unto him, a nd be ll owe d a long by his fide , a dorne d withgi lt fpu rs , if he be Mile-s Aura rus , o tli e rrt ife his fpttrs flra ll not be gilt .
a . If it (h a ll ha ppe n a ma n to co a pe o r e nronn tre with his a dve rfa ry in clofe lyfl s , a nd to be the re in a nyways foile d, fo
tha t he come not ou t o f the fie ld wi th hono u r , in fuch a c a fe he {h a l l ha ve his ima ge or cfii gie s infcu lpe d upon histomb, comple te ly a rme d throughout, a s the fo rme r, fa ving tha t his“ be a ve r [h a ll be ( but, his ha nds conjoine d a ndhi s horfcma n's ba ttle -a x e pla ce d by his frde .
3 . If in c a fe a kn ight or ge ntle ma n cha uncc to be lt il lcd in (i ngle fight within the lids , the n {h a l l his ima ge be forme dupon hi s tomb, a rme d thro ughout, ye t ha ving his ba h t“ clo fe , his furo r-u dra wn in his right ha nd, a dva ncing the pointu pwa rds towa rds his he a d, a nd his fhie ld on his le ft a rm, a nd his fc a bba rd be ll owe d de ce ntly a long by his1 le .
4 . If by cha nce 3 Ge neml , C a pta in , o r 1 ie u te na nt, he [l a in in a fowghtcn fie lde . on tha t p a rtwhichwa s va nquifh cd ordifcomfite d , his re pre fm t a tmn (h ull be f u l’ l ncd u pon his fcpulchre in comp le te a rmo u r
, his fwo rd in his fcsbba rd, hisbu v e r ope n, a nd his li a nds conjoincd a nd m ete d a s be fo re .
5 . If a ma n by cha unce do ha ppe n to be ta k e n prifone r in a ba tt a yle , a nd to dye in p rifon be fore he ha th pa id his ra ttfom, his ima ge {h a ll he m a d e upo n his te pu lchre , a rme d , ha ving his be a ve r Op e n , bu t wi thout e ithe r (word or fp urrt,holding a n e mpty fcubbnrd in his ha nd .
6. h is to be oblit rv e d , tha t no ma n ma y ha ve his e fh gie s or ima ge infcu lpe d upon his fe pu lchre , a do rn ed with h"co a t c f a rms , trn l e fs he be in .e rre d in the chu rch o r cha pe l whe re o f himfe lf is pa tron , e i the r by de fce nt or by purcha fe , a n a digni ty infcp a ra blye a nne xe d to the lnrd llu p o r ma no r whe re o f li t-is lo rd, a nd to whom the righ
t o f p a trona ge do th prope rly a ppe rt a in s in l ot It ca fe bo th li im l e lf a nd his he irs a fte r himma y have the ir ima ge s or rcpre fe nta tiooscu t in a rmou r, a nd invcficd with the ir co a t o f a rms ove r the ir a rmou r.
7. l t'
a ma rtia l ma n ha ppe n to re l ict himfe lfe from the wa rldc , a nd bcttrkc bytne to a mona ftica l l o r o the r re ligious k indof l ifc, in (“ch a c a fe Iris e tiigie l (h a l l he c a rvrtl upon his tomb, in the ha bi t o f the o rde r of re ligion whe k o f he wa spmfe tfe d, having his (word p l.-c( d a long by lris Iide , to ligniti c he u a s fome time a pro fe fle d ma rti a l ma n, u n
' i!be ingtore fpcnt by rca fon of a ge d ye a rs , o r o f lu ng fo llowing of 111il i_ta rye pru fc tt'
ron, dcbil li tye , or fome o the r occa fion , he
gave ove r the World , le a vinge his a ctive life , a nd t a king upon him tha t con templ a tive , whe re in he wou ldc e nd hisdrrye s , fo tha t he might be r
'
pcnding the rema inde r o f his tho rte ryme in the fe rv ice o f Go o a nd praye r.
This re t ire dma n fa ye ) fh a i l have his “wo rd pla ce d a lo ng by his t
'
y-d e , a nd his (h ie ld a t his fe e t, to fignrtie the re b
y his re fo lntede te rmina tion to tre a d: u nde r his fe e re a l l pompe a nd glo ryc , dice .
s . l f'
a ma rt ia l l ms n ha ving fe rvcd in ho fl ile ( ha ll ha ppe n to be fl a yne in the ba tta yl e , he ma y ha ve his efiigie s orre pre fe nta tion cumple a t ly e a rme d a t a l l poin ts , his he a d only una rme d , a nd no co a t o f a rme s upon him.
9 . l f a t a ny tyme a ge nt lcwmu a n cha unce to go to vitir Irir hu (b a nde lye inge a t the tie ge o f fome ci t tye , tozvne , orca tl cl le , if the e be conce ive d wrrh childe , a nd (b a ll be dc li t'cre d ( the frcge
'
cndtl ringe ) of a ma n-childc , dyeing
» hisima ge o r po rtra ture fl ra l l be infc ulpcd o r gra ve n upon his tomb, a rme d throughout, ha bite d in his coa t of a r
'
me s,ove r hi : ha rnyff c , his ha nd s co njo ine d a nd e leva te d (a s be fo re is (h ewe d) fa vinge only his he a d fl rs ll be una rme d hi.he lme t pl ..ce d u nd e r his he a d, a nd his ba t t a y le . a x e b) Itis frtle .
1 0. No te , All the fe rcpre fe n t a t iuns ma y be fe tt forthe in l ltc ir co a t of a rme s , {0 a s they have fe rvcd in the fie ld , whe nI I
the fove re tgnc o r prince o f the con trie wa s pcrfona lly p re fe nt, o f whom they re ce ive d ne ithe r p aye no r wa ge s bu thave fe rve d tre c lye a tt the y
-r owne ch i rge , o the rwrfe none ca n be i nvcfl e d 111 coa te o i‘
a rme s, but a Kinge PrinceDuke , Ma rqucfl
'
c, Ea rle , or Gre a t: Ba rronc.
5
c fi
inte nde d to be obfe rve d, onl y on the con t ine n t . Co lombie re ‘
ex pre fly fa ys, the y“
we re le ft to the difcre tion o f the pa rtie s themfe lve s, or th e i r fu rvivors. I t is bel ie ve d the y we re n e ve r e n fo rce d a mong u s . Th e y a re howe vcr a fpe cime n of
monume n ta l pu nétil io .
The p l a ce for re é‘
tors or vica rs Wa s n e a r a nd a bou t the a lt a r or in th e ch a nce ],a s John Gowa l l re étor of Stra tton St . Mich a e l;Norfo lk, in the middle o f the ch a nce l , wh ich he bu il t, John W right, 1 4 9 r, a t St ra t ton 3
; He n ry He rv e ys,1 4 60 , a t Bl ick ling in th e fa me coun ty 4; a s incumbe n t s a t pre fe nt. Ch a p la insa nd ch a n t ry prie fts we re bu rie d in the i r re fp e étive ch a pe l s, chu rche s, a nd re
l igiou s hou fe s or co l lege s . Lords of ma nors, p a t ron s a nd founde rs, we re a lfo
in te rre d in the ch a nce l , a nd fome time s, though not fo fre qu e n t l y, wi th in the
r a i l s. In the ch a nce l o f the co l legi a te chu rch a t Ingh am, No rfo lk , i s a fe ri e s ofthe founde r‘s fa mi l y, who a l l re fe r themfe lve s to him in the i r fe ve r a l in fcript ion s 5 fo do the Cobh a ms, a t Cobh am in Ke n t . In the Sou th wa l l of Alde nh a m chu rch, He rts, W e e ve r 6 de fcribe s th e figu re s o f two fi ll e rs cut in flone ,the foundre fi
'
e s o f th is chu rch , a nd coh e i rs to the lordfh ip , which a t the i r de a ththe y ga ve to W e f
‘
tminfie r a bbe y. Th a t of_Torrington , founde r of Gre a t Be rk
h a mfi e d chu rch, he de fcribe s in the body o f the ,chu rch 7
.
In the/
middl e a i le of B a l dock chu rch is a (ton e wi th a crofs fle u ry, cir~
cumfcribe d,
Regi na ld d’fl rgente in of g ift
ra i d t e rre cba pe/l foire fir:
Preft cbiv a le r Sa int Ma rie
C/J efcun pa rdon pour I’a lme prie .
tra nfl a te d by wee s/e r R a s if h e wa s a'
knight of St . M a ry . Wha t rema ine do f this infcrip tion, 1 7 8 3 , f hews th a t he wa s a knight, a nd th a t the Virgin is tobe in tre a te d for h is fou l . I re a d i t thu s
Reyna ud : de Argente n : cx'
giftcba pe/e .
‘
fe re .
‘
fiftFu cbiv a /e r Seynt
Prodam ky p a r a lme p rie
Or it ma y be Pru ch e va le r good-
kn ight.
bn e a ch fide o f a cro fs floréwe re two fhie lds . S’
a l rnon fuppofes the chu rchwa sre bu il t fince Ste phe n
’s t ime for othe rwife th is fton e wou ld h a ve l a in in a ch a p e l .W ho {h a l l fa y i t h a s not be e n remov e d from the ch a p e l o f his bu ild ing ? The
ftyle o f th e infcription i s a bou t th e re ign of on e of the thre e Edwa rds .The figu re a fcribe d to on e of th e a bbot s of St . Auf’tin , Brifiol, on a ra ife d
tomb in the No rth a i le o f Almon dsbu ry chu rch, c. Glouce fte r. which be
l onge d to th a t a bbe y, ma y re pre fe nt a founde r or e a rl y incumbe n t The
fou nde r o f Dumbl e ton chu rch , in the fame coun t y, h a s the o ld Fre nch e p ita phin S a xon ca p it a l s . Some t ime s th e ir on l y memori a l Wa s a n a rch in the wa l l The
cro fs- le gge d kn ight, in the No rth wa l l of the ch a nce l a t H awf’te d, Suff o lk,wa s pro
ba bl y the founde r the re of, a nd fu ppofe d to be one of the Ritz Eu fta ce s, lords the re
i n the re ign s of H e n ry I I I . a nd Edwa rd I In the'
North wa l l of the cha nce l ofBu ckl a nd, c . B e rk s, is a n a rch wi th a fa i r gra ve ftone , a nd the re on a crofs ema
Scie nce be n ique , p . 479.
Blomf. I II. 1 3 2 .
3 lb. Il l . lb. HI. 64 s .
Pa rkins ’contin. of Blnmf. V . 873 . Se e p .
_i 19.
6 P. 593 . lb. 591 .
P. 54 5. Hem, p . t8 t .’
Rudde r, 1 1 4 . lb. 4 21.
Rift. of Ha nde d, m4o.
we e
CXVl l l
ho l'
l'
e d, a nd oppo l i te to it a l ike a rch with a p l a in gr a ve l’ton e The . tomb of
s uge r, a bbo t o f St . Denys, a nd p rime min ilte r to Lou i s l e je une ,who die d 1 I 5 1 ,
i s l ike the fe fo rme d in th e wa l l of the Sou th tra n fe pt of h is chu rch . Fe libie h
fa ys it wa s ge ne ra l l y thought to h a ve be e n ma de by h imfe l f, whe n he re bu i ltth i s chu rch : bu t thi s is a mi lta k e , fiuce his body wa s not remove d in to i t t i l l
1 2 5 9, whe n a bbot M a tthewde Ve ndofme t ra n s fe rre d h ithe r u nde r the twoa rch e s on the lide of the gre a t door of the cloifie r the bodie s of Suge r a nd _
five
mo re of his prede ce liors . Be fore the forme r is a (tone wi th form;orn a me n ts cuton it, a nd thi s infcription ,
H ie ja ce t n e riur a bta r.
which conve ys mo re th a n a l l the long“
p a ne gy rics ofi'
e red up to his memory
The t ra dit ion o f Whitt ington, in Shrop ihire , burie s Fit z Wa rin e , fou nde r ofthe ca ttle , in th e chu rch porcb, it be ing, fa ysMr. Pe nn a n t 3, a n a a ion o f de vot ionfor a l l p e rfons on the i r e n tr a nce into chu rch e s a nd re l igiou s honre s to p ra y forthe fou ls o f the founde rs a nd be ne fa c
‘
to rs. Fu lk Fitz W a rine , fe ve nth of the n a me ,who h a d the gre a te lt re ve nu e o f a ny of the fa mi l y, by his wi l l d a t e d 1 5 R ich a rd l l .
’
d irect e d his body to be bu rie d in the ch a nce l . I t is molt p roba ble , the firlt of
the fami l y wa s bu rie d the re . The po rchwa s not a n unu fu a l p l a ce . The a n tie n t
p a rochi a l chu rch e s de p e nde n t on a bbi e s ha d common l y a ceme te ry ne a r them,
a nd the de a d we re burie d the re , e ve n in the pa ro it or a trium o f the chu rch,whe nce i t h a s be e n fuppofe d Atrium ca me fre que nt l y to fignify a ceme te ryLe ot
’
ric e a rl'
of Me rci a a nd his cou nte rs God iva we re bu rie d in the porche s ofthe
'
a bbe y chu rch a t Cove nt ry, which th e y h a d founde d5. Thre e o f the Ta n
k e rvill e s, fa the r, fon , a nd gra ndfon ,in the ch a p te r-houfe o f K e n i lworth-p rio ry
6.
Milo, e a rl o f Glouce fie r, who founde d La nthon i a bbe y , ne a r Glouce fte r,
wi th his two da ughte rs , a nd fou r of the Bohu n s, e a rls of He re ford, a l l ie d to h isf ami ly, we re a l l bu rie d in the cbapte r
-ha ufe of th a t p rio ry Sowe re the e a rl so f Che fte r a t Che fte r.
W e a re not howe ve r to conclude , th a t e ve ry a n t i e n t fla b to be fe e n in a
chu rch porch i s in i ts o rigina l fitu a tion, (0ma n y circumlta nce s occa fioning theremov a l of fuch monume nt s.The a bbots of St . Alba ns be fore Robe rt the rgth , who die d 1 1 66, we re
bu rie d in the ch a p te r-hOu fe , wh ich he bu i l t . He de po l i te d the m th e re , m’
mix
a bjefie e tfine bominum di/cre torum notx'
tia , by the a dvice of his ma fon , whody ing fudde nl y , the memo ry o f
'
the fpo t wa s loit'. Poly a ndrium wa s the
n a me gi ve n to the common bu rying grou nds o f a bbie s, in which, a s i t fe emsfrom M a tth ew Pa ris 9, zbe f a itbfu/unde r inte rdié? might be bu rie d. I t is o f Gre e ke xtra ct, a pp l ie d to the tomb o f th e The ba n s who fe l l fight ing a ga in(t Phi l ipto the Argi
'
ve s who a ccomp a n ie d the Athe n i a n s to th e conqu e lt o f Sici l ya nd who fe l l v ictoriou s o ve r the La ce dae mon i a n s a t Hyfia
". Th e counci l of
Tribu r u nde r Ch a rlema gne orda in ing th a t gra ve s in chu rche s be le ve l le d withthe p a veme nt, th a t no fo
'
otll e p of a gra ve a ppe a r, a dds, if th i s ca nno t be con
vcn ie ntlv done on a ccoun t o f the mu lt itu de o f corpfe s, l e t the p l a ce be tu rn edintO'
a pabra ‘
ndrium, o_r ceme te ry"a
Albm. I. nor. Fe libi Ri ft. de l'a hba ie de St. Denys , p . rgo . Wa le s , I . 3 4 5.4 Le be u f. Hi ll. du dioe . de Pa ris
-
m. it do the porch o f St. Sulpice we re found , in | 739, two (l one ooflins , thefe e t turne d to the Ha ll , one a bout five or fix
'
hundre d, the othe r a tho ufa nd ye a rs o ld . The proo f of the la tte r be ingo f the twe lfth ce ntury , or the re a bouts, wa s a pla te o f coppe r, e na me lle d, with the hi ll ory o f Elij a h a nd the widow of
S a re pta , which prove s it to ha ve be e n C li ri ll ia n the othe rwa s a lfo the tomb of a Chriflim name d l i e rluin, with thininfcrip tion in cha ra cte rs of the e ighth ce ntury a t l a te it ,
Hie ja e e t inclufus Te topi de ll ripe cre ams,
l l a rl uinus comda m voca tul nomine qu i obiit. Lebe uf, lb. Me re . Fra nc. Ma i, 173 4.
Dugda le , Wa rwi ckll i . p. t 57. e d. Thoma s, quoting Ma lme lbury , . 165 . a . bu t no fuch thing it the re .Le la nd . It. VI . 73 . Hill . Abb. La nthoni , Mon. Angl. I I . 66, 67. Vit. Abb. 3 .Alb. p. 93 .lb. p . i n) . In la te r time s itwa s a pplie d to the tomb of one pe rfon only. Se e Du C a nge in voc.Pa u la n . Ba ot . c . 40. Pa ufa n. Corinth . c . n . lb. e . 1 4 .
.Hingha m, 3 3 e . i . 5 . 7. So the p a rilli of Stepney la tely fe rve d the ir ceme te ry.M a tth ew
cx x'
i
whofi: be h a v io u r is cou nt e na nce d by the ba d e xamp le of gre a t one s, or the negl ige nce o f the ir fupe riors ; (0 th a t in a no the r ce ntu ry, u nl e fs gre a te r ca re be ta ke n,but ve ry fewo f the fe wi l l be found re ma i n ingIn the body o f York ca the dra l, of a n hu ndre d a nd thirt e e n e p i ta phs not twe n t y
we re .1e ft ~a t the t ime'
o f newp a ving, 1 7 3 4 , a nd h a lf o f the fe we re cu t in (tone ,
which p l a in l y p rove s, th a t the poor l ucre of th e bra fs Wa s the gre a t mot i ve to the
d e fa ci ng the fe v e ne ra ble rema in s o f a n t iqu i t y. Of fifty-two e p ita phs in the
chu rch, which Mr. Dra k e give s , ne a r th i rt ywe re e n t i re a nd l e gible be fore the
a bove p a ving, be ing p re fe rve d by the doors be ing ke p t ibu t’.
W he n Brown e W i l l i s 3 wa s a t Linco ln, 1 7 1 8 , he coun te d a bou t two hundre da nd (e ve n gra ve {ton e s th a t h a d be e n {trip t of the ir bra il e s ; but the be tte r .h a lf of
th em p re fe rve d in bl ll l op Sa nde rfon’
s MS. a ccoun t of the monume n ts the re , a nd .
p rinte d in Pe ck‘s De fide ra t a C urio l
’
a .
In fome l a te e liéntia l re p a irs to the We lt fron t of He re ford ca the dra l fe ve ra lca p i ta l bra lTe s , which I cop ie d te n ye a rs be fore , we re torn up by the ra p a ci t yo f the wo rkme n be fo re the ve rge rs cou ld pre ve nt th em.
Brown e W i l l i s fhewe d the Socie ty o f An t iqu a rie s, 1 7 3 7 , from the Augme n
t a tion Office , a p a rticu l a r o f the diii'
olu tion o f re ligiou s hou fe s, 3 0 He n ry VI I I.which , be ca ufe i t fhews how monume n t s a nd bra fi
’
e s we re the n difpofe d of, I
(h a l l fubjo in from the i r Minu te s .Cou n ty o f W a rwick ; Miriva l , fix gra ve ftone s, with bra f fe s on them,
fou r be l ls, by e ftima tion 3 0 .
Co u n ty o f St a ffo rd Brewood or B ywood 4, in the ite e pl e th re e be l ls .
Littl e lhu l l , fe ve n be ll s, we ight 3 7 C . not fo ld, bu t va lu e d a t £66. 1 3 3 . 4 4.
S ir Thoma s Sta fford, jun . fou r be l l s, v a l . 5 4 .
De l a cre s, the p a ving o f the chu rch , with i ll e s, gra ve/lone r, roof, 8cc. fold
for 1 3 . 6 1 . 8 d. Six be l ls, we ight 5 0 C . v a l . £3 7 . l O J'
. Gilt p l a te 8 7 02.
white p l a te 3 0 o z .
D a rle y, the tomb: a nd gra ve/lone r, with the me ta l on th em, a nd roof of thechu rch, id e s, 8cc. fo ld for (I 20 . roof, St e . o f the clo ii
‘
te rs, fo l d for 1 0.
Gilt p l a t e 9 8 02 . Six be l ls, fo ld for (f. 1 0 5 .
D a le . The clock fo ld for 6 1 . i ron, gl a fs, gra ve flone s, 81C. for 4"
1 8 . th e
cloifte rs for 6 . fi x be l ls, we ight 4 7 C .
Re p ton . The chu rch fo ld for 5 0 r . the gra v e/lone r a nd p a ving rema in unfo ld,with fou r be l l s . Mr. Th a tche t pu t in to pofi’
e ffion o f the l a te p riory.
Cou nty o f Le iccfle r ;Gra ce Die u . The chu rch fo ld for I 5 . the cloilte rs for
3 . 6 J . 8 d. th re e be l l s, by e ltima tion, we ight 9 C .
Cou nt y o f North a mpton ;Pipewe l l . The chu rch , va lu e d a t f 1 6 . 3 .t . The
who le goods fo ld for 1 2 1 . I I . five be l l s, we ight 5 6 C . Gil t p l a te 70 oz .
white p l a te 2 7 1 02 .
Coun t y of C a mbridge B a rnwe ll chu rch , v a lu e d a t g 1 6. rrr. 4 d. the who lebu i ld ing a t £6 1. 1 5 .r. 2 d. S ix be l l s, we ight 2 5 C .
The bra ife s in Th a tcham ch u rch we re itole n whe n i t wa s broke n op e n5.
The_
be l l s a t Me pha m in Ke nt be ing to be n ewca ll , fome mifchi e vous pe rfonstore otl
'
the bra ffe s to a dd to the me t a l 6.\t u the l a te lord Col e ra n e re bu i lt Driffie ld chu rch, c. Glou ce fte r, the o ld
monume nts we re not p ut u p a ga in7. On re bu ild ingTa rbick chu rch , c. Worce f
te r, in pu l l ing down lord Plymou th’s ch a nce l the fa mi l y monume n ts we re foMS. a ccount o f C a mpde n, communica te d to Mr. Rudde r, G louce ll e rlh . p . 3 24 .
Ubi fupra , 591 . Mr. Dra ke give s , p . 4 92, a pl a n of the o ld p aveme nt, wi th a l l the infe riptiom rema ining in thet ime o f hi t-.To rre , bywhom it wa s t a ke n, which mutt be a llowe d a gre a t cu rio ftty, fi nce the whole , e x ce p t in the
choir e nd, is now qu i te ta ke n up a nd e ra fe tl . l b. p. 5 19. In the new e dition o f C a mde n ’s Brita nnia will be found a
fi iuihi r pl a n o f the ca the dra l of Lincoln, be fore its newp a ving, ( 78 3. The choir the re ha s hithe rto e fca ped a lte ra tion.Surrey of Lincoln ca the dra l, p . 3 1 .
4 Q Brewood or Byrwood, Shroplh ire . Ta nne r.A lbm. H a ile d, l . 469. 7 Rudde r,broke n
brok e n a s not to be put up a ga in The y a re howe ve r e ngra v e d in Dugda l e‘s
W a rwickfhire l h a ve he a rd o f a church in Suffo lk wh e re a l l the monume ntso f fo rme r lo rds o f the ma no r we re fa crifice d to the van i t y o f the pre fe nt pro
prie tor, who h a ving no t ra in of a nce fl ry to boa fl of, cou l d not be a r the memori a l s o f thofe who h a d . One bra fs on l y e fca pe d, wh ich ! h a ve e ngra ve d. Themife ra bl e {l a te o f the fine fe ri e s of the monume n t s o f the W ingfie ld a nd N a un tonfa m i l ie s, a t Le the ringh a m in the fa me cou n t y
,i s a fa d memo ri a l of con t ro ve rt e d
inh e rit a nce .
The chu rchwa rde n s o f Allh a l lows Sta yni ng pu l le d down th e ir monume n ts,
a nd (we p t th em ou t o f the chu rch , for'
wh ich the y we re fo rce d to ma ke a l a rgea ccou n t o f twe l ve {b il l ings for brooms, 8cc. be fide s ca rry ing awa y the {tone s a nd
bra fs a t the i r own e x pe nce . Dr. H a nme r v ica r o f Sho re ditch of l a te , fa ys
Stowe 4 , for cove tou fn e fs o f the bra fs, which he conve rte d in to co in e d fi lve r,p lu ck t u p m a n y p l a te s fix e d on the gra ve s .In the a ppra ife me n t o f: St. Andrew’s chu rch , Linco ln , 1 5 9 , wh e n i t s ma
te ria ls we re fo ld by the co rpo ra t ion for 3 2 . l 6 5 . 8 d. th e pl a te in the ch a p e lwi t h the pl a te of o th e r t
‘
ton e s in the chu rch ,” wa s va lu e d a t 4 0 .r , a nd the
fe l/a ring o ve r the tomb (wh ich I fuppofe wa s a woode n or {ton e ca nop y ove r
fome p a rt icu l a r tomb) a t 1 2 d 5.
A bra fs o f S ir Ad ri a n Forte fcu e , I 65 3 , from his tomb in Hodington chu rch,e . \Vorce ii e r, is pre fe rve d m a n a l e hou fe i n the v i l la ge .
1 64 6, a bra fs fia tue in Windfor wa s ord e re d by Pa r l i ame n t to be fo ld, a nd
th e mone y to go for p a y o f the ga rrifon .
7
A fine bra fs of the Cl ifton fami l y a t Me thwo ld wa s fo l d by th e cle rk to a
tink e r, from whom on l y a fewu n inte re fi ing fra gme n t s cou ld be re cove re d
Bra ffe s fio l e n from Hilbu rgh chu rch by a t inke r, in the ci v i l wa r, we re foundby th e re él or a fte r the Re fl ora tion a t Swa fl
’
h a m 9.
Mr. Johnfon bought o f a de a l e r in h a rdwa re , who wa s go ing to me l t i t down,a bra fs p l a t e , 2 0 inch e s by 1 6, on which wa s a n e lde rl y m a n ba re h e a de d a nd
be a rde d, in a N E a nd fu r gown, fou r fort s be h ind h im kne e l ing a t a t a ble and
two book s : a woma n in a co i f fe t ba ck a nd hood h a nging down be h ind, a ruffrou nd he r ne ck a nd ru ffl e s a t he rwrifl s five d a ughte rs kn e e l ing be hind . Arms, a
ch e vron S . be twe e n thre e wo l f ’ s h e a ds,imp a l ing G. a ch e vron 0 . be twe e n th re e .
fle urs de l is 0. u nde r th em Low a nd Lyv e , in bl a ck l e t te r, a nd th e fo l lowing ih
fcn'
ption :
H e re with in th i s ch a unce l l on the No rth fide doth l ye th e corpe fli s of
Thoma s Lo ve l l, e fquire , a nd M a rga re t Pyck e ringe h is wyfe who wa s to him
fu l l de a re , th e y l yve d toge th e r in the ita te of ho l y ma trimonye 3 3 ye a re s a nd
1 1 d a ye s, a nd h a d iffu e be twe e n them 1x chi ldre n, 1111 fonn e s a nd v d a ugh
te rs ; v iz . Thoma s, W i l l ia m, john, a nd Dudle y ; Eli za be th a nd El iz a be th, Ma r
ga re t, El l e nor, a nd Luce , whofe mo the r de ce a fe d in the fa yth o f Chn’
li e the
fix th e d a y e o f ju l ye , Ano Domin i I 5 97 , be ing of th e a ge o f l x ye a re s
The bra fl'
e s of the younge r bra nche s o f the De l a po l e fami l y, a t W ingfie ld in
Su ffo lk , which h a d be e n ca re fu l l y pre fe rve d in the chu rch che ft a s the y came
o il”
, a nd we re th e re fe e n a nd cop ie d by me twe n t y ye a rs a go , h a ve fince , on
a l a te re p a i r a nd be a u t i fying of the chu rch, be e n con ve rte d in to mone y by one of
th e chu rchwa rde n s .
Na fll IL 408 . Ed.Thoma s, p. 734, 735.3 S l nw5 Su rve y, p . a n . lb. p . 4 74 .
5 Sympfon'
s MS Colle etions, p . ( 40. Na fh , l . 291 .
Mcmor. p. 106. Blomcfie ld': Ne rf. L 509.
l b. 111. 4 39. Spa ldin g Socie tyMia ute n.
h h
e xam
The monume nta l -{l a bs with the bra fi'
e s on them i n th e ch a nce l a t Attle bo.
rough ch urch , Norfolk , we re t a k e n by Robe rt e a rl o f Su ife x , to whom H e n
ry Vl l l . gra n te d it a t the dilf o l ut ion o f the co l le ge th e re , to p a ve his h a l l, k i tch
e n, a nd l a rde r De a n'
Whitt ingh a m a nd h is widow, 1 5 79 , m a de the l ik e a p
pl ica t ion of ma ny monume nt a l fl a bs'
in Du rh a m ca th e dra l 1 . I h a ve he a rd a
fimil a r ch a rge brought -a ga in (t th e ch a p t e r a t VVorce fte r fome y e a rs a go . A l ik eu fe f e ems to h a ve
'
be e n m a de o f the fl a bs with bra fl e s in Stok e Gou rn e y church, c .
Somcrfe t.
The fl a b wh ich cove rs the tomb o f Thoma s S e e k fo rd in his ch a pe l a t
Vv’oodbt idge h a s h a ll on its n ow u nde r-Ede a bra fs cro fs, on which fl ood twofigu re s in n iche s a nd a t the tid e s o f the cro fs two fhie l tls bu t a ll the bra fs is
re a v e d. This fl a b fe e ms'
to h a v e fe rve d fome othe r fa mi l y, a nd to be he re outof i t s p l a ce . In the a bbe y ch u rch o f Brid l ington a l a rge c offin- fa fh ione d i l a b
of bl a ck ma rble ,'
fe v e n fe e t lo ng, whofe u nde r fide wa s a dorn e d with re l ie fs.La s be e n tu rne d, a nd in fcribe d, in me mo ry
,I th ink , o f S ir R . Pre fion , 1 5 8 7 .
'
I ca nno t omit a n infl’ a nce o f fruga l it y in ma k ing the bra fs p l a t e of one fa m i l y( e rve fo r a noth e r by tu rn ing i t, we re i t on l y to e x pre fs my obl iga tion to the Re v .
Dr: Difne y, who h a ving e ngra ve d th is memo ri a l o f his fa mi l y in the chu rch ofNo rton Difne y, c. Lihco ln, h a s p e rm itt e dme to t a k e a n umbe r o f imp re ffions, a ndca rrie d his po l ite ne fs fo fa r a s to ma k e me the off e r of the p l a te itfe l f. I t commemora te s W il l i a m Difn e y , e f
'
q. f he riif o f London, 1 5 3 2 . a nd R ich a rd Difne y,
e f q. his e lde fl fort a nd h e ir, bu rge fs for Gra nth am, 1 5 5 4 , a nd fh e riff of Linco lnfhirc, I 5 5 7 a nd 1 5 66, wi th the i r wi ve s a nd iff ue , to who fe me mory i t wa s pu tu p, p roba bl y by _] a n e fe cond wife a nd widowo f the l a tte r, a bou t the midd le o f(b e re ign o f El iz a be th . At the ba ck i s a long in fcrip tion, in the G e rma n or
Low Du tch l a ngu a ge , re co rding the fo und a t io n o f a ch a n try fomewhe re on the
Cont in e nt, wh ich I f ha l l gi ve“
a t l a rge in the App e nd i x .
The commun ion t a bl e a t StowB a rdo lf, No rfo lk , i s ma de o f the fla b of Sir
P zi l ph l l a rc, kn ight o f th e Ba th, who d i e d t a k e n down in e re ct ing th e
monume n t o f h is gra ndfon Si r Thoma s H a re , ba rt 3 . The re ve rfe ha s h a pp e ne dto a n a lt a r {l on e a t St. Edmu nd
‘
s Bu ry, con ve rte d in to a fl a b for the tomb of
M a ry Qu e e n o f Fr a nce , a ft e rwa rds Du tche fs o f Suffo lk ; to a nothe r which cove rsa tomb in the Sou th a i l e o f the a bbe y chu rch a t St . Alba n s ; a nd to a th i rd, whichma k e s a p a rt of the p a veme n t o f th e chu rch a t H awfte d in Su ffo lk 4
. The fe once
con fe cra te d fton e s a re known by a crofs cu t in the ce n tre a nd fou r a t the corne rs,in a l lu lion to the fi ve wo un ds of CHRI ST. A ve ry fine o n e twe l ve fe e t long a nd
th re e fe e t wid e ma k e s“
p a rt o f the p a Veme n t o f the cho ir of Brid l ington a bbe ychu rch .
A MS. commu n ica te d to Mr . Ru dde rme n t ions the pre fe rv a tion o f a fin e {tone
monume n t in C a mpde n chu rch , Glouce fte r, which wou ld h a ve fa l le n a fa crifice
to the lu cre o f a n i ron gr a te th a t e ncomp a ft i t, the fa le o f which wou l d h a ve pu ta few pou nds into
'
the fpo il e r’
s pock e t 5 .Some cu
'riou s infe riptio n s in Go thic ca p i t a l s, fo u r or five hu ndr e d y e a rs o ld,in the chu rch of St . John B a pti lt le a St . Ju l i a n a t Pa ris, we re wo rn ou t by l a yingthe tim e s to ma k e a wa l l round the ou tfide o f the chu rch 6
.
Th e infcription rou nd th e tomb o f Anfe lrn -de Be rce n a y hi ll top o f La'
udun,
who di e d I“
2 3 8 , in the -a bbe y church o f V a u lu ifa nc, fe ts forth , th a t themon ume n t wa s o rigin a l l y o f copp e r, bu t th a t a bbo t He nry fo ld i t, 1 4 4 8 , to
re pa i r the chu rch , a nd m a de a no th e r in (lone .
Dle mct’
. 1. frum the Pa rifl. rtgiflcr .
An tin‘. o f Du i h tm Ca the dra l , p. 7;+
Pu rkin s l l ul . o l Na i f. 170. Hifl . of l l awflcd, p . 4 9.5 Le bcuf, Hi ll . du dioce fe de l‘ a ris , I. 175.
H ie
e x x fii
Hie ja ce t Anfclmus dc Erle ena na tus quond’l a udunehs
‘
. e p 5 doi obu t Fe id nona Se ptZ-bris a n‘
o
m°due e no x x x n n . fe d urg
’
éte io pia a no m°
cccc"v 111
°
. x u‘
Novébris hu i'loci a bba s He u
ricus noic cope rti tomu lt‘
i ve ndt qua p’fa t e rcx
'a t de cui ve ndicoe hi e ce lta tfiba i cilice
fcu lpfir 8: hinc cccli e que ti c ruinofa p’
mu ltii e ra t poff e tcnus a l tiflimo difponcnte fubvét
pro e is cra te .
"
A fre e fl on e in the wa l l of th e ch a nce l a t Sou th Acre,Norfolk, i s thu s in6
fcribed Aug. 1 7 a 5 , th e Re v. Mr. W i l liam Brockle ba nk , re étor, n ew p a ve dth i s ch a nce l wit h {l one a t hi s .own ch a rge , h a d the gra ve fion e s c le a ne d a nd
l a id e ve n ; remo ve d non e th a t h a d a ny in fcrip tion ; bu t ga ve th re e p l a in on e s
to be l a id in the body of th e chu rch
The monume n tsp f the Fre ma n famil y a re a l l fe t u p in Abfcde n chu rch , He rts,
be ing re fcu ed by m a jor W i l l i a m Frema n , from the h a nds of thofe who h a d i iol e nth em from St . Mich a e l
's, Co rnh i l l, in the fire o f LondonSi r Hugh C a l ve rl e y
’
s tomb a t B e e fton i s ke p t c le a n by l e ga cy3
Mr. H e a rn e 4 e xp l a in s the l ion s a t the fe e t o f e ff igie s a s e mble ms o f v igi l a nce ;indu ll ry, a nd cou ra ge , a nd p a ra l le l s the mwith the l ion on the tomb o f the B(P0
t i a n s, who d ie d fight ing a ga in (t Phi lip, a nd we re bu rie d in one common
p oly a ndrum 5. I dou bt th i s e t ymology, a nd r a the r incl ine to th ink the pra el ice
de rive d from the a l lufion to the wo rds in Pfa lm x ci . 1 3 . Supe r a/p idem 89°
bafi/i/cum a mbul a l/ir, concu lca bir Ie onem ci dr a conem.
” Thou (h a lt t re a d uponthe l ion a nd the a dd e r ; the you ng l ion a nd the dra gon fh a lt thou t ra mp le
’
u nde r fe e t .” No r th ou ld i t be obj e cte d, th a t th i s re l a te s on l y to the cle rgy ;for th e wo rds a re a pp l ica ble to Chrifiia ns in ge ne ra l
6. Inde e d th e re a re n ot a few
i nfta nce s in wh ich a n ima l s (0 p l a ce d a re fa mil y fu pporte rs , a s wa s the ca fe p e rh a p s
u niVe rfa l ly a fte r th e re fo rma t ion. Thu s th e bu ck a t the fe e t o f Bo i s, p . 8 2 . 104 .
i s th e fa mi l y cre il . Such p e rh a ps might be the me a n ing o f the be a r a t the fe e t
o f bi lhop Ma rch , a t W’e l l s ; the two r a bbit s a t thofe o f l a dy Tiptoft, a t Ely 7.
At the fe e t o f Thoma s Ce ci l , e a rl of Ex e te r, in W e flminfie r a bbe y, 1 6 2 1 , a re
h is l ion s fup portiug the ge rbe . Or th e y a re re bu fe s of th e n a me , a s two h a re s
a t the fe e t o f bifhop H a rewe l l a t W e l l s, a nd a t thofe o f the kn ight a t Pe rfh ore
be fo re me n t ione d , who i s fuppofe d to h a ve bo rn e th e fame na me . Unde r thofe
o f o n e o f the figu re s in the Temp le chu rch a re two huma n h e a ds, p e rh a p s
a l luding’
to the Infide l s fla in in the cru fa de s ; u nde r the righ t foo t o f a kn ight inR ythe r chu rch , Yo rk , is a co l l a re d dog, u nde r h i s le ft a n o ld be a rde d he a d
be twe e n the fe e t o f Thoma s de Ingl e thorp e bilhop of Roche fie r 1 2 9 1 , i s ad emon’ s he a d p ie rce d by h is crofie r. Unde r the fe e t of a rchbifh op Gre y inYo rk minfi e r a re twp huma n figu re s wri th ing a s if in p a in , wh i le a d ra gonbite s the po in t o f h is crofie r . R a ymond B a gu i e r lord of Gu rchy, 1 4 2 1 , in
the chu rch o f the C e l e ftine s a t Ma re o u ffy, h a s a mu zzle d dog u nde r h i s fe e t.A ma n in the cho i r o f the church of N a n te ui l {l a nds on a n a k e d chi ld. Unde r
a kn ight in Arde nn e a bbe y in No rma ndy a re two ba fil ifk s u nd e r a n a bbe fs a t
Port roy a l de s ch a mp s, two filh ’; u nde r a cou nte fs o f Ve ndofme , 1 3 0 5 , in the
M a thu rine s chu rch , a t Pa ri s, a n a fs couch a n t ; u nde r the wife of H e rve d e
Ne a nv il le , in the C a rthu fia n chu rch th e re , 1 4 1 3 , two l a mbs; Unde r the figure
of W i l l i am Ru fu s p a inte d on a n a bbe y wa l l in Fr a nce ”
, u nde r th a t o f bi lhOpW e rmu nd de l a Bu iffie re , 1 2 7 a , in Noion ca the dra l, u nde r a n a bbe fs o f St.
Blomr f. 4 18 . S a lmon, He rts. p . gl d.1 Pe nna n l
's j ourne y from Che flcr, p . I”.
4 Ropc r's Life ofMore , p . 3 70,
5 Pa u l a n . Ec o l . p 606. Ed. H a na n- 161 3.
In 111: p a rilli chu rch of Ville Ta ne n le , ne a r Pa ris, Lifa rd the pa tron is rcpre fe nte d with a bla ck a nima l a t hitfe e t, the fe rpem o r dra gon me n tione d in his life . c e u f, Hi ll . dd Dioc. de Pa ris, I] . 33 3 . Q If the figure d id not
give rife to 1he le ge nd, infl czd of the le ge nd to the fig ure .
7 Be ntha m, p l . x x x Vu . Pl. x 1x. p. 50.
Moleon, p . 234 . Montf. 1. pl . mv .
S a viou r
cx xw
S a v iou r a t Evre ux, 1 2 9 8 , a nd fe ve ra l o th e rs, is a doubl e -bodi e d fphinx or
gri ffin . Ch a rle s o f Anjou , e a rl o f Ma in e , 1 4 7 2 , in the ca the dra l o f M a ns, ha so n l y a h e lme t a t hi s fe e t . At the fe e t o f j ohn lo rd Ru ffe l, who d ie d 1 5 8 4 , a nd
h a s a monume nt in We fhn intl e r a bbe y , is a fma l l figu re o t'
h is in fa nt fon Fra nci s ,who d ie d in the fame ye a r. Unde r the fe e t o f John Pe rle nt, in Digfwe l l ch u rch ,H e rts , 1 4 1 5 , S a lmon dcfcrihcs a cre a tu re l ik e a ca t, a nd u nde r h i s wi fe ’ s fe e t onel ik e a ra t ; the forme r i s re a l l y a l e op a rd, the l a t te r a n he dge -hog : o ne o f the
Swiuborns , a t Little Ho rke ll e y, ELfTe x , h a s a ca t a t his fe e t . \Vli a t the me a n ingis o f ch u ling fuch things 1 cou ld n e ve r,
" fa ys S a lmon , “a rri ve a t . The y a re
fome time s the i r cre lt, bu t fre qu e n t l y a rbi t ra ry, a nd wi th re l a t ion to the i r a rms ."
Thu s the l ion o f bro nz e g i l t, l a rge a s l ife , on the tomb or ma u fo l e um o f
the d uke s o f Bra ba nt, re ll o re d by the a rchd uk e Albe rt, is the a rms o f the
fa id duk e , which he a lfo ho lds in a fh icld , in the ch u rch o f St . Mich a e l a nd
St . J ude , in Bru ffe ls . In th i s tomb re tts the bod y o f du k e j ohn l l . wi .od ie d 1 3 1 2 . a nd h is con fo rt Ma rga re t, l ix tli d a ughte r of ou r Edwa rd 1. whod ie d 1 3 1 8 .
The le a rne d a n t iqu a ry'
c onf, in a d ifl'
e rta tion on the fl a tu e o f qu e e nPe da uqu e , or the goo/efoote a
'
,whom he e xp l a in s the Qu e e n o f the Sou t h or
She ba , Reg ina Au/Iri, .h a s a curiou s conje ctu re on l ions in po rche s o f chu rch e s,fe rving a s fupporte rs o f the fe a ts o f e ccle fi a ll ica l judge s ; wh e nce the fe nte nce s
o f Offici a ls, De a ns, 8cc. h a ve th is formu l a . Da tum or Af/um inte r duo:
l e a ne r
To a ccoun t for dogs, one or more , a t the fe e t of l a d ie s, or e ve n o f kn ights,ma y no t he fo e a l
'
y. Th e y ma y on l y a l lude to th e ir fa vou ri te l a pdogs . Ch a uce r's prio re fs ke p t fma i l hounde s Jud ith d a ughte r o f the empe ro r Conra di s rcpre fe nte d on h e r tomb, r 1 9 1 , wi th one in he r le ft h a nd 3
. Thofe a t the
fe e t o f co unte fs Av e l ine S i r Jo fe ph Aylo ffc ca l l s l a /bot tube /pr ; th e y a re con
ch a n t, the he a d of one l y ing o v e r a nd re fl ing on th a t o f the oth e r.L a combe 5 fa ys, Gore ; i s p e t i t ch ie n de bo i s qu
‘
on me ttoit a n p ie d du l i t
Quze re , if the dogs a t fe e t o f l a die s, whofe dra pe ry i s tu ck t or ga th e re d rou ndth e ir fe e t, a s M a t i ld a a t Dunmow p riory, l a dy Cro fbie in St . He le n
’s, London,a nd o the r in fl a nce s, a l lude to th is ; a s a lfo the infi a nce s o f dogs ho lding u p the
robe a t the fe e t. Th e y a re not u n fre qu e n t a t the tide of the fe e t looking u p
to the fa ce s of th e i r mifl re tfe s . Ma ry cou n te rs de St . Pa u l kne e l ing on he r
monume n t a t Ve ndome h a s he r dog on the lk irts of he r robe . Si r Bry a n St a p le ton,on h is br a fs a t lngh am, c . No rfo lk , re fl s one foot on a l ion, the o th e r on a dog,
whofe n ame is re co rde d on a l a be l , ja i l”: Ro und the co l la r o f a dog a t the
fe e t o f a n ol d (lone figu re o f a lt n ight in Tol l e fhu nt Kn ight’s chu rch, Efi
’
e x , l
t r a ce d five o the r ca p i t a l s , fomewh a t l ike Howgo’. King R ich a rd I I . ha d a
fa vou rite gre yhound, n a me d Ma l l . whofe t ra n sfe r o f a tta chme n t from him to
the u furp e r o f his crown is n a tu ra l l y to ld by Fro ifi'
a rt. B y th is it f hou ld {e em
Hifioire de I'Aca d. de n inf. XI, u mo.
Cnn te rb. Ta le s, 1. 146. Re yne r, ubi fup.
Acco unt o f the We fl minll e r monume n ts , p . 5 .
ma . du vie ux la ngue Fra ncois.6 Pl. v . p.7 Pe rha ps for Hugo o r Hug/r.Amon g Sir Da vid Lindfa y
's po ems is the Compla int of the king't old hound ca lle d Rafi, dire c
‘t e d to a o', thek ing's be l l be love d dog.
"
The dog a t the fe e t o f Thoma s l l . lord '
o l S a voy a nd count of Ma u ricnne a nd Pie dmont , who die d 1 2 33 , on histomb a t Aoutt , ha s on his co lla r infcribe d in Gothic ca pita l: the word PERT, a nd o n his bre a lt a fh ie 'rl , with the a rms
Of Sa voy, o f which ha ufe this word wa s the a ntie nt device . Guithe non , who ha s giv e n a prin t o f this monume nt,Hid. de Savoye , p. ton fcfl
'
e s himie lf (p . Lu . ) una ble to e xpla in the me a ning of the d e vice , which he fa y; ll
p l a inly a word , the re be ing no il u p) be twe e n the Ie tte rt . No twithtl ztnding this , Pcre H a rdou in (thl tt whom no ma n wa s{und e r o f a conce it) in a di ll
'
e rta tion pro fe fi'
e dly o n the fuhje fl , n kc l no little pa ins to give e a ch o f the fe four le tte r: aditl ine‘l me a n ing, in the fa me ma nne r us he e xpla ine d away the le ge nds o f a ntie nt coins. Se e his note on Pliny,N. H . V i". c gF e ijoo, in hit Vulga r Errors, te lls a wonderful flory of a dog name d Goa-John.
cxxv i
The artic l e of our ancien t habit s derives mu ch l ight from fe pulchra l monu
men ts, which fupp l ie d th e p l ace o f portr aits before we h a d p ainters among u s,
which is indeed a lmoft t i l l the t ime o f Holbein l n elder t imes much mu ll:
be dep ended o n tombs fo r dre lfe s,” wa s the op in ion of a n excel len t judge in the fe
matters, when he wa s p romoting a de fign wh ich , h a d the gentlemen to whom
he a lhgn e d thei r fe v e ra l parts been l iv ing, wou ld have don e honou r to th i s agea nd cou nt ry An H i/Iory of 6 011710 a rtbite fl ure in its fv a riomp e riods, witb a bi/loryof f a/biom a nd drefle r in Engl a nd.
” Thi s obfe rva tion i s not to be en t i rel y con
fined to fema l e dre fs , be c a u le'
a lmoft a l l ou r ma l e figu res t i l l the 1 5 th cen tu ryare clad in armou r ; fo r in that articl e very materi a l variet ies wi l l be found fromthe p rince to the variou s orders o f h is fubje éts .Non e o f ou r hiito ria ns have attended to fu ch min utize . Fai l s, not mann ers
or fa ll i ions , were thei r obje ét. Mont faucon wa s the firft who thought o f the m inFrance. Mr. Stru tt adopted h i s p l an in Eng l and, a nd h as fucce e de d in pro
port ion to the extent o f h is obfe rv a tions .
I t i s amazing how fupe rficia l is Mr. Granger on a n art icle for enl arging on
wh ich he h a d foch ad van tage . For the p iked times o f Richard the Second,an ti a l a wmade to l imi t them to two inches , he qu otes Baker
’s Ch ron icl e. H a d
not Mr. Granger read original au thors ? Bu t he did not carry his views in th i sk ind beyond the reign o f Hen ry V I!The indu li rio u s Hearne is not much more exp l ici t, nor does h e carry hi s
v iews much fu rther back .
“ ’Tis alfo, fays he, from o ld monumen t s thatwe l earn the ih a pe o f the ( hoes a nd other habi ts of ou r coun t rymen in
former times . The make o f the (hoes, 1 0 Hen ry VI I I . we have in thechu rch o f Ewelme ; a nd o f tho fe in 3 1 Hen ry V I I I. in the chu rch o f Bali:l l a kborn . The figu re o f thofe 3 7 Hen ry VI . m a y be feen in the chu rcho f Lech l ade in Glouce ii e r lh ire , as tho fe o f the reign o f Hen ry V . ma y
be found in john Dade’ s MS. tre a tife of arms in the Bodl ei an l ibrary . Thehabit o f Prince Arthu r’s audi tor ma y be fé e n in the chu rch of Brigh twel l , inBerks where ma y l ik ewife be feen the habi t s o f the women in the beginning
o f Hen ry the‘
Eighth’s reign . W e have the habit o f a bachelor o f d iv in i t y
,
9 Henry VI I I . in t he chu rch o f Eve lme , where we have alfo the ni ape o f theSome of the ho e ll i l lumina tions in our MSS. a re the wo rk o f fo re ign Artifls , p a rticu l a rly the Fro ill
'
a rt in the
a a l L ibr a ry. The i l lumina te d copy of Ma t . Pa r is , in the Bt itifh Mufe um, wa s ce rta in ly a pre fe nta tion book to He nry
-l l l . The re is a no the r ve ry ne a t ly i l lumina te d wi th the hill orie s in ou t l ine s in Be ne t Co l l e ge Libra ry . Mr.W a lpo le ha scompri fe d ou r pa in l crs , bi t . from H e n ry I". to H e nry VI . in thi rty qua rto p a ge s . Ou r o lde n drawings a re in the
S a xon M>S. o fwhich Mr. S tru tt ha s lma de good ufe . Proba bly the hi ll orie s o fAl e xa nde r thc G re a t, the C rnfa de , the
l a e re d a nd o the r figure s a nd hiflo rie s o n the wa l l s o f the roya l a p a rtme nts in the re ign o f He n ry "I. we re o f this k ind.
The y ce rt a in lywe re no t be t te r tha n the (eve n cha mp ions pa inte d on the wa l ls o f pr iva te hon ice in the re igns o fHe nry V1].a nd V III. a s ove r the ga tccha mbcr o f Ne the n ha l l , Eff e x , ove r the cloi ll e r a t W e n lo ck a bbe y, wi th mottoe s ; or the
fingl e figure s in comp a rtme n ts o n the North fide o f the room a djo in ing to Se lby a bbe y chu rch, which is [h ewn fo r thecha mbe r whe re H e nry the Fit ll wa s bo rn, whe n a n infcription round the corn ice cx pre fs ly fa ys it wa s bu i l t by a bbo tDrpingjuft be fo re the diff ol u tion. The De i ty , o r the Trinity, wi th a nge l s , a nd the fymbo ls o f the Eva nge lifls , we rede pif
‘
te d on the ce i l ings o f the woode n ca nop ie s ove r the roya l a nd othe r monume nts in \Ve flminflcr a bbe y the Virgina nd Chi ld , or Sa in ts wi thworlh tpe rs , a t the ba ck o f (e ve ra l monume nts , a s in H e re ford l ibra ry , are . l nli a nce s of thisfo rtwe re more common in Fra nce tha n in Engl a nd. St . Chri llOphe r, on the wa l l o f the No rth tra nfe pt of Winche flcrca the dra l , a nd on the doors of fome p a rini churche s in Norfo l k , the fa ints , fa the rs , a nd a pofllcs, on the
-{cre e ns o f
Woodbn dge a nd (eve n ! o the r churche s in Su ff o l k . The l e ge nds of St . Cuthbe rt a nd St . Au liin on the ba ck of the We ll emli s l i s in the ca the dra l a t C a rl ill e . The figure s o f fa ints , k ings, que e ns, a nd p re l a te s , o n p a nne lt ove r the door a nd on
the roo f of the cha pte r-houfe a t Y ork , o f the time of a rchbilh op Gra y, in the be ginn ing of the t 3 th ce ntury ; tho fe on
the ce i l ing of the n a ve o f Pe te rborough minfle r, of the n th ; thofe on the ce i l ings o f Sa lilb u ly ca the dra l , St.Alba n ’s
a bbe y church, a nd innume ra ble o the rs, which might be re fe rre d to one o f the fe two ce nturie s. The ha l f-cfl'a ce d le ge nd.o f the Vi rgin Ma ry, in he r cha pe l in Winche ll e r c a the dra l , a fcribe d to hi l ltop L a ngton , in the re ign o f He nry VII . Thefla ts a nd blue gro und in chu rche s a nd a pa rtme n ts . The gz/i a Anl forbi l , o r bi ll ory o f the C roifa de , o rde re d to be p a inte din a lowcha mbe r itt the ga rde n a t We flminfie r, proba bly a fumme r or ba nque t ing hortfe , might be in the ll yle o f the figure so n the tomb of Edmund Cro uchba ck a t We flminfle r, o r the now ch
'
a ce d he ge of D a mie tt a (which turns ou t, howeve r,to be on ly a rcpre fe n z a tion o f the wife -me ns' o ff e ring ) in C a nte rbury ca the dra l. Wi l l i am of Flore nce wa s one ofH e nry l i l ’s a rti ll s . Wa lpo l e , l . 16.
If the Ant/“a dmin we re the firl
’
l hi ltorica l pie ce in whichwe we re inte re fle d, the coron a t ion o f Edwa rd 1. in the bilh op's
pa l a ce a t Lichfie ld wa s the fe cond . One ma y ve nture to a ffirm, the re wa s mo re hiflo rica l pre cifion tha n in his
gra ndfon’
s tr iumphs by Ve rriu , a t Windfo r.,On the ou tfide o f the cho ir ne xt the Sou th a i l e o f St . Ge orge 's t ha pe l
the re a re fu ppo fe d portra i ts o f thrce o f o ur k ings a nd p rince Edwa rd fon o f He nry V I. a nd on the oppo li te [ids of the cho irin the cha pe l ou r the tombofWil li a m lo rd Ha flings, the bi ll ory o f his p a tron St . Ste phe n , in fo ur pa nne l s .
Pa int ing in gl a fs is f u ll me n t ione d in the Cl a us Rol l 3 0 He nry 111. Aubrey quote s Sir Wi ll i am Dugda l e for itsbe ing firli done i n the re ign of john . Wa lp . I . 5 .
a ce fi ra ngcr, l . 86, 87.
bands
cit x vu
bands that were in life 13 Henry V I I . And in the fore fa id chu rch o f Brightwel l i s the habit o f a Ma il e r o f Arts , 2 3 Hen ry Vi l . which, as -it varied at the
d i lf e re nt t imes, (0 we me e t_
with the figu res o f i t fome time s in o ld p rinted books,as we do wi th the figu res o f a Mafi er of Grammar in o ld grammat ical t rad s, th e
fron tifp ie ce s o f which ma y be in fome me a fu re il lufira te d from the o ld hiero
gl yphic'
a l figu res in the quadrangl e o f Magdalen Col lege, Ox ford . And by
the fame obfe rva tions we ma y gather th e forms o f other habit s from on e ageto another, as we ma v lik ewife the figu res o f the m i li tary in itrume nts a nd the
n atu re o f the occu pat ion s in which they were engaged . W e ma y know the
figu res o f the fwords before Edward the Third’s t ime from the monument s inAldworth chu rch, a nd the figu res in Lech l ade chu rch do as n atu ra l l y th ewthat the pe rfori s upon whofe monumen ts they are e x p re lTe d were wool lme n,as i f there had been no infcrip ti ons to te ftit
‘
y the fame
B ifhop Nico l fon’
s ce nfu re o f Hal l fo r reci t ing the fa fh ions o f e ach reignimp l ies how l i t t l e h i s lordfhip e fte e me d fuch mat ters .He brings a charge a ga in (t that valu able hifiori a n , that h i s p rincipal merit cond»
fi ll s in de fcrihing what fort of clo a ths were worn in each k ing’s reign, a nd
how the fa ih ions altered .
” The fa ét is, a s Hearne obfe rv e s in his defence, thath e decl in es giving a n accoun t o f cloa ths a nd fa fhions, except ing on fome fol emn
occa fion s in the reign o f Henry V l l l For the dre fl'
e s a nd entertainments atthe recei ving of Hen ry the Six tl i ’
s Qu een , Margaret, he refers to the Chron icle ofLondon, a nd Robert Fabi an, who i s no t at al l difi
'
u fe o n the fubje él . E xcep t th i sa nd his de fcription o f a n armed ma n p reparing for a tou rn ament, hereafter given ,h e fays n othing o f the fe th ings in a n ear l ier p eriod than that in which he l i ved.
What few obfe rva tions have be e n made on the fubje ét have not been carried
h igher than the 1 5 th cen tu ry , when monumen ts o f every kind became more
n umerou s . B u t though I feel myfe l f here de fe rte d by the a fii fta nce o f preced
ing I-Ii lt ori a ns a nd An t iqu aries, a nd en tering upon u ne xp lored grou nd, in
wh ich 1 h ave no gu ide bu t my own e xperience a nd obfe rv a tion , I do not dcfp a ir
o f forming a tolerabl e co l le étion for the preceding cen tu ries, u p to the Norman
C onqu e tt .
The figu res on the { ides o f the tombs of Aymer de Valence a nd John of
Eltham at W e ftmin ii e r are good re pre fe n ta tions o f habits , a nd the lat ter wel l
p re fe rve d ; (0 are thofe on the fide s o f th e tombs o f Thomas Beau champ a t
W arwick, o f Robert de Vere at Earl‘s Colne no t to ment ion others.
What ca n be ( a id o f the wretched re p re fe nta tions o f thore on the ti tl es o f
monumen ts in Bedal chu rch in the Re giflrum Honori s de Richmond, p .
or of the monumen ts the mfe l ve s , as there d rawn, which even after a l l the
inju ries o f t ime make a better appearance P
The au thor o f the Roman de l a Rofe , who l ived in the cl ore o f the th irt eenthcentu ry, gives u s the fol lowing inventory o f awardrobe in France .
J a pou r leu r ma nte a ulx jebe lim,
Ne pou r furcol z , n e pou r tone/l e s,N e pou r gu imple r, ne pou r cold/e r.
Ne pou r cbemife s, n e pe lz'
ce r,
Ne pou r joy a u/x ,n e pou r de live r,
N e pou r leu r moe r de fgu ife e s,Ne pou r l eu r luyra mfupe rfice r
Qu i bien l es a u ro it a dvifée s .
Don t i l s n fe nt p a r a rtifice s
Ne pou r cba p e a u lx de fie u rs nou ve l les,Ne l eu r fembl a ife nt eitre bel les
Rope r's L ife of Moo re , a 7r, a 7s .
Appe ndix to Heming’ s Cha rtul a ry .
Q pa in te d comple x iouu. l. 9347
cxxviii
That ch i tchat hiftori a n Rofs of W a rwick is the firltwho give s a brie f viewof
the fa fh ions o f each re ign .
In theC on fe ll'
o r's t ime the ga rme nts reached to the knees, the a rmswe re loaded
with go lden brace l ets, the head wa s (h aved, the beard let to growon the uppe r
l ip, excep t o f prie fts, a nd the (k in disfigu red wi th variou s marks . Their arms
were ( hives a nd battl e a x es : thofe o f the Normans (words a nd arrowsAfter the Conqu e lt the Norman fa fh ion of (hav ing the beard, a nd lett ing the
hair flow to the (hou lde rs wa s adop ted Ma lmfbu ry ( a ys the men’s hai r wa s
(0 long that they looked l ike women ; a nd a you ng (ol die r lett ing hi s grow t o
h is knees wa s (hamed ou t o f i t by a dream : he pre fe ntly cu t h is hai r (hort,a nd a l l h is comrades adop t ed his fa fhion ; bu t th is did not obtain long, for
with in the year a l l who wou ld be thou ght cou rt iers re l a p lt into the former
fo l ly , l ett ing their hair grow as long a s that of the women, a nd (uppl ying th e
want o f i t by artific i al hai r. Henry I . rounded the hai r to thew the ears ; a nd
ordered that h is (o ld ie rs (hou ld trim i t round to a decen t length 4 .ln W i l l iam Ru fu s‘s t ime a great abu l
'
e of dre fs, a nd lu xu ry in wearingthehai r
, a nd a horrid fa fhion o f p icked a nd tu rned u p (h oes obtained, a nd me n
adop ted a mincinggait a nd a loo l’
e r dre(s 5 .In the reign of john, as a ppears by the (eals, the me n wore tu n ics over th ei r
coats o f mai l bu t not before ; a nd the tun ics reached down to thei r heel s 6.In that o f Hen ry III. they h a d, as u fu a l, on thei r (eal s, _
hor(eme n in
a rmou r, wi th their (word s , a nd firlt int roduced thei r coats of arms in (hie lds,
at the back o f their (hie lds, a nd the faces of images firft had umbre lle s ’.
A fter the taking of john King of France by Edward the Third, the Engl ifh,who t i l l then h a d worn thei r beards a nd (haved their heads, a nd worn tun ics,colobia , a nd bracel ets, firlt came to wear long robes a nd hai r, a nd (h aved thei r
beards ; a nd leav ing ou t the figu res of horfeme n on their (eals, pu t thei rarms in to (mall lh ie lds 5 .
In Richard the Second’s t ime began the de te fta bl e u fe of p icked (hoes, fa fte ne d
with ( i lve r, a nd fome time s gilt chain s, to the knees . The lad i es of qu ali t y then
wore high head-dre fl'
e s , wi th horn s a nd long mant le s , wi th train s, a nd rodeon fide -(add les ; a fa fh ion firft introduced by the re fp e éta bl e Qu een Anne, whoWa s daughter to the king o f Bohem i aThe monk ifh writer o f Richard th e Second’s l ife (a ys, Qu een Anne brought
from Bohemi a tho fe cu rfe d fa fli ions o f (hoeswi th long poin ts, cal led in Engl ifh
Cra couyf , or Pykyr, half a yard long ; (0 that the wearers were obl iged to fall enthem to the leg with filve r chain s before they cou ld walk . He adds that
Hi is diebu s Angl ici vcflibus (o le ba nt u ti prote nfia a d me d ium ge nu , hra chm one ra til a nnu lil a ure io. Tunecr amAngl ici we he (upe rio ri a d me d ium ge nu e x ped iti, crine s tonii . ba rbis in (upe riore l a bro nunqua m ra h e x ce p tit
(olum prz lb i te ri s. a i'm il l'
ns ctia m a ure is bra chiis one ra ti . putur i a (f. profi tvr i's) fligma tibul cute in figniti— Pugnz ba n t ba ca l ioct hipcnnibus , No rma nni cnfibus ct fa gi t tis . E go. Ed . He a rn e .
In Aogl'
u qui more Truja no rum ct a lion imOrie nta lium ba rba : nutriemnt, cu mp lo Norma nnorum e a t rl fe n mt,cri ti cs a d hume ro s cre fce re pctmiu e ba nt. l b. too. b. Se e Gra nge r, I . 87.
H i ll . Nove l . 99 . b.
C rini t'i no l‘tri obl i ti qu id na i l (unt in mu l ie bri s (e x ue ha bitum ca pillomm longitud ine (e ipfoc tn mformmt.- Vixa nno e la pfo cunét
'
i qui tibi curi a le s e lTe v idcba ntur in pr imvi t ium re cide runt Iongi tudine ca p il lorum cum ( z minil ce r
t a ba nt , 8: ubi cr ine l de ficium invo lucra qu z da m innoda ba nt . Ho l iu lh e d , 34 1 .
j l i l iu s re gis tempo re e ra t in ufu nova inve ntione a bufio ve fiium, lux (Llu au ) crinium, e t horribil is a fpcrita n fotu l a riumrofira tomm, id e il , cum a rma tis a cu le is . Sole ba nt tune homlflCl gfgfli ufia ngl rt , ge flo (o luto, e t nudo l a te re in ce de re .Ro l's, lb. p. IO I . b.
Hhs d ichun in ligi
ll'
is dominorum e ra nt tunic: fupe r lorica s, a nte a non , ipfz tunic: e ra nt longz a d ta loc.II) . p. 16 2 . b.
7 Circa hz c tempora domini in fig'i ll is modo (o l ito ha beba nt e qu
'
mg a rma toa Cum gl a dm, in dorio figill orum denovo z rma (na po fucrunt in (cu t ie , 54 fa d e s yma ginum primo ha bue runt M um-Il a . l b. 163. a .
Po ll ca ptione m re gi s Fra nci z Joha nn isAngl ic i pn’
us ba rba t i e t ca pil l i ca p it is tonfi e ti a m a d tunica l e t co lobia 8:a rmil l a nfe t inc e pcrunt ubi (I. am
“
) togin e t longi s crinibm in ca p ite , e t ra de rc ba rba , a c domin i e t ge ne rofire lifi it ymaginihu s e qu itum in {igi l l in iin pofue runt a rma i l l a p a rvin (emit , P. 165 . b.
9 [S ie bu s e tia ln (u is ince pit de te fla bil it u fu s (otu la rium ro ll ra to rum cum l iga turis ca te nammde a rge nto a : qua ndoquede a ur a to a d ge rm liga torum. E ti am mo l ie re s nobi le s tune ute ba u tnr thia ril a l tin e t cornun‘
: cum togis ca uda tis a; I'
e ll iur e l fe di l ibm l a m a /Mu: e quon im, e xe mp lo ve ne ra bi l is Anne re gime filic re gi s Bohemorum, quz hz c pr imum in re gnumin trodm
'
i t . Ro ts, p . 166. a . Stow», p . 195. Se e the fe fle e ve s in Strutt‘e Re ga l Ant iqu itie s, pl. x ix . p . 15 . 111 3 aing in Froilh rt, l fa be l . Edwa rd the Se cond’
s Qg e cn, e nte rs Pa ris , 13 3 4, riding th us.P, l a b. l 'd ufin a rx t crd ila . P. ( 56.
6 Richard
CXX X
corru pt manners of the t imes, a nd the k ing to be a comp l ete deba uche tb as we l la s avariciou s tyran t a nd h is (on blood-th irfty a nd ( a cri le giou s ; as if a ny of our.
co ins before the Edwards bore the impre fs o f ah uman figu re
In France Charles d e Blois, who wa s k i l led at the batt l e of Avrai, 1 3 64 , i s
rcpre fe n te d with a beard, contrary, fays Montfaucon t o the cufiom of that
t ime. One might bel ieve that Ph il ip Augufiu s king of France, who d ied
I 2 2 3 , int roduced the cu iiom o f ( having, be ca u fe both he a nd h is (on Lou i s V I I I.h ave beards on thei r (eals . Thu s much i s certain, that neither St. Lou i s nor hi s(ucce ffors to Franci s I . wore themThorn has thought it
_
o f importance to record in his Chron icl e the ra m whenthe monks o f St . An il in
'
s coa ft to (crap e off one another‘s beards ; a n d he has‘
remarked , that a p iou s commemoration wa s infiitute d for the fou l o f abbat
Roger, who , wi th the concu rrence o f the conven t, had ordained, that the brethre n (hou ld be (haved by fe cu l a rs p rop ter l u ras e t dive rfa p e ricu l a qu ae fre a
qu eu ter contige runt inter eos qui rudes 8:nefeli e r a nt in officio ra de ndi This
wa s abou t A . D. I 2 64 . Mr. Tanner, in his p reface to the Notit i a Mon a ftica
on the au thority of l ngu lphu s , fays, that it W a s with in the prov ince of the Infir
mr
’
a r iur to (h a Ve a l l in the con ven t, bur by La n fra nc’s confl itu tion the monks
were to (h ave on e another. “ Alter a l terum radat, ma gifiri p u e ros radan t, sei pfi a p ucris ra d a ntu r with th i s provifo however, i i ta me n hujufmodi
fcie n tia m h a be nt This i s a comp lete (yfiem o f mon a fiic pogonotomy .
Chaucer’s monk’s
He d Wa s bal led (ba ld) a nd (hone a s a ny gl as,And eke hi s face a s i t h ad been a no in
'
d
His Reve‘s beard wa s (have as ne ighe as ever he ca n The me rcha nta nd the fai lorwore their beards “.
To begin the vari et ies of dre(s, a s Mr. Aubrey 9 does, wi th crowns he ob
ferves , that “ the firi’t crown s u fe d by the Roman emperors were on l y d i a dem;with the addit ion o f poin ted (pikes, wh ich they afterwards adorned a nd t iptwith p earls, a nd afterwards adorn ed the intervals wi th trefoi ls ." The radi atecrown (eems to have been firfi af firmed by the thirt y tyr an ts, or by emp erors aboutthei r t ime ; before wh ich the heads o f emp erors, on thei r coin s, are bound
with l a u re l . After th e t ime of Confta ntin e the fi l let of p earl s came in to u fe .
This the l ater Byzant in e emperors tu rned into a k ind of coron et, wi th a broad erband in front, fu rmou nte d by a crofs, as appears on the coin s o f Tiberiu s Con(ta ntius a nd on thofe of Mau rice it (eems to come over a helmet Phocaswears a p lainer crown a nd l a ter emperors varied i ts form accord ing to thei rfancy . The Vi rgin Mary on a coin o f the emp eror Michael Ducaswears a rad i at ecrown, whofe fp ik e s are t ip t with pearls a nd when we come to the t ime o fManu e l Pal ae ologu s, who wa s crowned 1 3 63 , he i s re pre fe nte d wearing a clofecrown (l udde d with p earls, a nd his qu een wi th a very d iff eren t one " . Thetrefoi l i s thought to h ave been o f Goth ic introrluél ion . We find i t on the crown sof Clov i s a nd h is fon s, which has induced (ome an t iqu aries to cal l i t th efle ur dz l it
‘ 5; bu t th e tru th i s, the fe t refoi ls were u fe d on Confia ntinopol ita n
crown s before the t ime of the Franks ", a nd afterwards on thofe of German
I I . 189 .
2lb. p. n o.
3 X Script. co l . 191 g. XX X . not. d. d.
C a nte rb. Ta le s, l . 198 , 199 . l b. 1. 590.
Monume n ta Bri ta nn ic a , MS.
Du C a nge Hi ll . Byz a nt, p . 101 . l b. 104 . l b. 109.
lb.‘4 lb. 3 4 3 .
'3 Montf. Monum. de l a Mon . Fr. 1. p . xxvi i i . Difc. Pre l im. On the tomb of Ade l a id of S a voy, (Line n o f Lou i s I.Gran, who d ie d 1 1 54 . a ndwa s buri e d in Mon tma rtre Abbe y, he r cro wn e onfifis of four fle urom. Le be u f, I I. 107.
lb. xxxi i.prince s
“
cirx x l
p rinces no wa y al l ied to Charlemagne This ornamen t wa s adopted by oni‘Norman k ings, a nd con t inu ed on thei r coin s t i l l the Re it ora tion, when , excep tin a fewl n-(i a nce s of both , the l au re l wreat h took p lace , as i t fin] con t inu es todo, o f th e crown . Edward the Confe fi
'
orwears the t refoil in the t a p e ltry o f Bayeu x.I t appe ars on the Great Seal s of the Conqu eror a nd h is wi fe in Sandford, a nd
i t p roba bl y adorned the figu res on h is monumen t, as i t does th at o f h is (onRobert Cu rthofe , at Glouce lte r, a nd of al l the k ings h i s fucce fi
’
ors of whomwe have a ny monumen t s in England for thofe at Fon t Ey raud are of modernWo rkma n lh ip . Mr.Au brey obfe rve d a l ike crown on the head of king Ethe l a
re d, in the windows o f Kingfi on St . Michael , c . Wi lts, a nd on the k e ylt on eo f the North door there ; as alfo on a grai'e- (i one at W imborn . The la it of the fehi i’ta nce s is very modern, though i t m a y be a cop y o f a n older figu re the othersare of bet ter au thority. He not iced a (imi l a r on the head o f Ethel red’s queen .
Su ch crown s were worn by Edward I I . a nd h is qu een, a nd are often found on
burde rs o f gl a fs windows in chu rches ba th in Engl and a nd France, a nd on the
mou ldings of porches of Suff olk chu rches. Aubrey remarks that “Edward theConfe fl
’
orwore a barred crown : the former Sax on kings crown s o f l l lve r l ike o u r coro
nets : Canu te, a coped he lme t l ike a m it re , Then came in u fe the regal ci rc le aft erthe manner of the Greeks . The kings o f England firfi wore the arched barred
crown . In France Lou i s XII. wore a ( i ngle ba r arched over h is crown , abou t1 5 00, before on l y a ca p t i l l he married Hen ry the Eighth
’s fi l l er ; fe e his coins.Ti l l Franc is I . a n open flowery border, fomewh a t l ike ou r ducal cd rone t, wa sgeneral l y u fe d. In Sp ain, Phi l ip , after he h a d married Qu een Mary, u fe d a
barre d crown . In Germany Maxim i l i an, grandfather of Charles V. firftwore
a n arch over a ducal coron et. In Denmark Chri(ti a n III. after h e came in to
Engl an d, u fe d the barred crown . James IV. o n h is marri age with Margaretdaughter o f He n ry V II. in t rodu ced it in Scot l and . john duke of Bragan za wa s
the firit who wore it in Portugal ."
The olofe or arched crown appears on the coins of ou r firil : Norman Princes,a nd of th e Byz antin e Emperors . This is p rop erl y call ed the Impe ria l crown ,a nd W a s worn by Charlemagne , after h e h ad been decl ared Emperor at Rome, on
whofe (time at Aix - l a-Chap el l e i t wa s cop i ed for Mon tfau con 3. If we ma y tru ft
the (e a l of Dagobert, a nd the many figu res on the porch o f St.De nis , we ma y
be l i eve the k ings o f France, before Charlemagne’s t ime, wore a crown clofe d at
top; The Emperors o f Confia ntinop l e were not in a condit ion to h inder their
Wearing th e fame k ind o f crown as themfe lve s 4 . Mr. Ev e l yn'
inde e d (ays 5,the mon archs of England were the firli who p retended to the arched crown .
Selden (ay s Edward V . wa s the firlt o f them. I t appears in Scot land firlt on thegroats of james Il l . Others fa y it wa s firll worn in France by Charles V I I I .
Hen ry III. brought the clofe d crown in to Pol and, a nd wa s (0011 im itat e dby the Swedes.
The crown s on our a ntie nte fi coin s are mu ch diff eren t both from one another
a nd from th at Imperi al crown o f England (as i t i s (i yl e d) wh ich is'
on the modern
ones . The tv'
vo W i l l i ams h ave the p earled d iadem, having l abel s at each ear,a nd fome thing l ike a n arch th at goes a crofs the head .
” Thi s i s Se lde n ’
s de fcrip
t ion o f i t Hen ry I . i s c rowned with a n ope n crown o f three fl eu rs de l is,
Wi thou t a ny ray s between the fle u rs ,-wh ich are ra ife d bu t l it t le, a nd l abel s of
pe arls h a nging at each ear7. Stephen
's crown i s much th e fame arch, the flowers
a re ra i fe d h igher, l ike thofe o f th e empre fs Mau d a nd Hen ry II. on th ei r feal s .
The (on of xfl e nry I . who wa s crown ed in h is father’s l ife- t ime, a nd john , have
J
Montf . I. x x it iii. Ubi (up .
,I . II. Ia n crown on the 5th row. Montf. lb. 9. n ix . Numifm. p . 34 ." Title s of Honour, p. 1 34.
1 lb.
cx x x u
th e fame on thei r feals ; bu t the l atter k ing’s i s on l y po in te d wi th fbort rays,
li nfie a d o f flowers . Henry III. wears on h is feals a crown fle u rie p ointed or-rayed, the point s ra ife d, bu t not high , between the flowers ; in h is fe cond fealth e points are wan t ing, as on th at on h is tomb. B ut in Mat thewPari s we read hewa s ii i
-{t crowned with a ci rcle o f gold Edward I . has a fimil a r crownon h iscoin s a nd fea l s, a nd hi s qu een on her tomb; fo have h is fncce fi
'
ors Edward I I .a nd III. Richard l l . Hen ry IV. a nd V .
'
Mr. Selden h a d read in a book of th e
in fl itu tion of the garter, written in the time o f Henry VI I I . that Henry V I . firfi
made him a n Imp erial crown , a nd a rchbilh op Sharp e found it firfi on his coin s ;a nd from Henry VI I . downward the arched crown , with the globe a nd crofs,
h a s been alfo u fe d on coin s . Franci s Thinne , in a MS . on arms, attribu ted itto Edward Il l . Bu t Hen ry th e Sixth’ s crown d iffers not on his coin s from that o fHenry V . being both flenri e a nd arched, wi th a globe a nd croi s over the a rch,a lmo it l ike ou r pre fe nt cr own . That drawn in the i l lumin ation of the o rdo
Coron a tion is,” written long before Henry VI . is fie ury, not withou t a n arch ,
hav ing a globe a nd cro fs on it . Edward V. a nd Richard III. have both crown s
fie u ry . The ol d crown s wi th cro fl'
e s fie u ry, a nd withou t arches, ma y be feeno n the fl atnes of kings wi th in a nd on the fron t of W e fiminfte r-hal l .The crown o f Scotl and, as de fcribe d in the initrume nt upon lodging th e
regal ia in Ed inbu rgh ca fi l e,March 2 6
,1 7 07 , (the original of which, figne d
by the notaries a nd witne ife s, a nd curioufly i l luminated, wa s pre fe nte d by thep re fe nt earl o f Buchan to the Soci et y o f Ant iqu aries o f London), i s de fcribe d ascompo i
'
cd of a large broad circle or fi l let, which goes rou nd the head above thegreat c i rcl e i s another fma l l one : the u pper ci rcle i s h e ightne d wi th te n crofi
'
e s
floré, interchanged with te n h igh fl eu rs de l i s. This is faid to be the an t i en tform o f the crown o f Scot land, fince the leagu e made betwixt Ach a ius king of
Scots a nd Charlemagne. The fpe cific form of th is c rown difi'
e rs from other Im
p erial crown s in that i t is h e ightn e d wit h crofl'
e s fiore a nd fie urs de l is a lte rn a te ly : the crown of France i s he ightn e d on l y wi th fle urs de l is ; a nd that ofEngland wi th crofi
'
e s p atee altern atel y with fle urs de l is . The Scottilh crownfince James VI . went to England has been ignorant ly rcpre fe nte d like th eEngl ifh crown s . From th e upper circle p roceed fou r arches which meet a ndclofe at top , fu rmoun te d with a mound or globe of gold en amel led wi th a large‘
cro fs p ate e, fuch as top s the chu rch of Holyrood o hou fe , a nd can toned wi th otherfou r in the angles . At the foot o f th is crofs are the fe cha rafie rs, J . R. V . bywhich i t wou ld appear that J ames V . wa s the firfl:who clofe d th i s crown wi tharches, a nd topped i t with a mou nd a nd crofs p atee . Bu t i t i s eviden t that the
coins of James Il l . a nd IV. have a clofe crown, a nd that the arches have beenadded to the ant i ent regal . crownKing John ’s n a me i s {a id to have been infcribe d witbin his crown, on hi s
monumen t atWorce fte r ; bu t no t race o f i t nowremains .Hen ry the Si x th’ s h igh ca p of e ita te , cal led Abococke t, wa s ga rn iihe d with two
r ich crown s, a nd wa s taken at the batt le of Hexham 3.
Mo lt of the kings o f Engl and, to Edward I . h ave fce ptre s on thei r coins, a ndfome have two . From that t ime we meet wi th non e 611 Hen ry the Eighth’s pencea nd hal fp ence The o lde ft p attern o f a fce ptre i s on the coin s of W il l i am the
Conqu eror, h is (on, Hen ry I . a nd Stephen, fu rmoun te d by the crofs pate e, ormadeo f p el lets, or by a trefoil formed of poin ted leave s o r pe l lets . The Conqu eror a ndh is wife had a trefoil fce ptre in thei r portraits 5 . The
'
qu een has a fingu l a r bu t
t ire-h a d urtu l . Ma itl a nd's H ill . of Edinb. p . ( 61. Se e in Amot'uH ill . of Edinburgh, p . 3 91. a doubtwha t is be come of the fe re ga l i a . 3 Ha l l . fol . care . I) .
Archbifli op Sha rpe on Co ins , in Ive s's Scle a Pa p e rs a nd fe cond e d itio n in B ibl.Top. Brit. N°XXXV. p . 1 2, 1 3.
Montfa ucon, I. pl. LV.
c'
xxx i‘
v 1
cou nte fs of Evre u x , 1 3 1 i , has what Montfau con cal l s cra ze/é, on he r tomb inthe Jacobine chu rch at Paris. Lou i s duke o f Bou rbon , 1 3 4 1 , at the J acobines
in Pari s, has a very fmai l one . That o f Catharine wife o f the Cou n t deMau levrier at Pavi l l y in Normandy is formed of pel l ets . Ifa be l d
’
Artois daughtero f John earl of Eu , 1 3 79 , a nd Charles earl of Eu a nd wife, 1 4 1 4 4 8 , on
thei r tombs in the abbey o f Eu , al l wear beau t ifu l ci rc les fiudde d with flone s .
John Gower the poet, who d ied 1 4 0 2 , has a chap let o f flowers, wi th fou rrofe s p l a ced at equ al d ifta nce s, on h is monumen t in St . Sav iou r
’s,Sou thwark .
Shal l we fancy th is has a ny reference to the chap l et o f rofe s which crown sPolyhymn i a, in the col lect ion of Pope Cl emen t XIV.
The habit s o f ou r kings h ave been (0 happ i l y il luflra te d in the de fcription o f
thofe in wh ich Edward the Firfi ’
s body wa s fou nd arrayed, already given, p . Iv.
after S i r J o l‘
e ph Ayloffe’s accou n t, that I mu ft refer back to it.
W a lfingha m, in h is accoun t o f the coron at ion o f Richard l l . men t ion s thatthe k ing wa s inve fte d wi th a itole : firit with the tun ic of St. Edwa rd, a nd
t hen with h is dalmat ic, a nd a Role rou nd h is neck . The inve fting wi th awhit e
fio l e , in ma da m cram in pefiore , i s part icu l arl y men t ion ed in fe ve ra l foreignceremon i a l s .The fil/a /a on the right lhou lde r of the image o f Hen ry I I I. e x a a ly re fembl e s
th at o f Edward the Firft, e xcep t that i t h a s the fh a p e o f a rofe , in the cen tre o fwhich i s the a cm : a nd this, l ike the other, t ake s hold both of the p al l ium or
chlamys a nd fiol e . So it does on the great feal of Lou i s k ing of France Thaton the figu re o f John king o f France is o f a very d ifferen t formSir Jo fe ph Ayloffe obfe rve s , that the fli a p e a nd form of the crown
, fce ptre s,a nd fibu la, a nd the manner in which the l at ter is fixed to the man t le or chlamys,exact l y co rre fpond with the re pre fe nta tions of thofe of the broad feal o f th is king
in Sandford .
” I t (eems to me, however, th at the fibu la on the feal s fa fi e ns the
man t le a crofs the brca ft, bu t on the great feal o f Henry I I I . the man t l e i s fa ft ened by the fibul a on th e right fh
'
ou lde r, as alfo on the figu re of Phil ip deValois
,king o f France, who d ied 1 3 00, on his tomb at St. Den i s . The man t l e
in which king John’s figu re i s habi ted on his tomb is more l ike a carter’s frock or
furpl ice , with a rich cape a nd writtba nd s , fiudded wi th p earls, fome thing l ike thecape on h is a nd his fon Hen ry the Third
’s great feals . Richard I . a nd Henry I ,h ave the l ike cape a nd wrifiba nds to thei r u ndergarment s on thei r feals .The Pa la da mm ta m,
or Cb/a myr (a n ba bit de ca mpa gne ) wa s f a fte n e d general l y on the right ( hou lde r, with a l arge bu tton , a nd fel l over the l eft Ihou lde r.
The tu n ic under the chlamys wa s fa fle n e d wi th two belt s or girdles The firfl;
o f the fe ( lre ffcs i s the u pper garmen t of Hen ry the Thi rd’s fia tu e on his tomb
,
a nd o f Edward the Firfi’
s body on his tomb. The fe cond is the fu rco a t of figu resin armou r, or othe rwife habited .
The feet'
o f Edward I . wi th their toes , folcs, a nd heel s, fe eme d to be
pe rfe étly int i re, bu t whether they have fa nd a l s on them or not i s u ncertain, asthe cloth tuckt over them wa s n ot removed .
”
The feet a nd legs o f Hen ry the Thi rd‘s figu re are covered with embroidered half-boots . Herein the figu res d iffer from the bod ies, that the latter, p robabl y l ike th i s o f Edward I . a nd the images of many lad i es, have the feet tuck tu p in the robe .The apparel l ing the corpfe o f th i s mon arch in h is royal v e flme nts aecom
p a nie d wi th the e nfign s o f regal ity a s before de fcribe d, i s not to be con fide re d
as a pecu l i ar mark of re fpe ét p aid to him in contra diftinifii ion to preceding
I I . 3 1 3. P1. x x x v u l . 4 . Ma ni f. I I. x . 4. 1b, “ L', 4.4 Fa broni fur le a St a tue : de Niobe , p . to.
cxxx v
k ings , but as be ing done merel y in conformit y to u fu a l a nd an t ient cu fiom.
He wa s on th i s occa fion habited more r eg/b, i . e. in the fame manner th atthe corp le s o f al l other k ings h is p re de ce ffors h a d been dre fi
'
e d in order totheir fe p u lture , a nd fimil a r, excep t in fome few p art icu lars on l y, to a mode orregu l at ion e fia bl ifla e d by au thorit y, de e x eqa iir r ag a /Ma r. A copy of thi s re
gu l a tion is entered in the Lil/e r Reg a l/r, immed i atel y after the formu l ary for thecoron at ion o f ou r Eng
'
l i lh monarchs . After the body has been wa fhe d a nd
embalmed , follows the dre fli ng.
De inde corpu s indu itur tu n ica u fque ad t alos longa, e t de fup e r pal l io regalia dorn a bitu r. Barb a vero ipfiu s decenter compo n itur fup e r p e ét ti s i l l i ns . Et poitmodum capu t cum faci e ipfiu s fud a r io fe rico cooperato r. Ac deluda corona regi aa u t
'
d i adema cap i t i e iu fd am a p pon e tu r. Pofle a indu e ntur manu s eju s ciro the cis
cum a urifra gn s orn a tis, e t in med io d igito dextrae manu s impone tu r annu lu s au reu sa ut de a u ra tu s . Et in dextra manu fu a pon e tur p i l a rotu nda de a u ra ta in qua
v irga de a u ra ta e rit fix a a manu ipfiu s u fqu e a d pectu s prote nfa , in cuju s v irgaefummita te e rit fignum domin icae cru cis , qu od fu pe r p e é
‘
tu s eju fd em p rincip is hou eited ebet col locat i . In finiii ra vero manu fce p trum de a u ra tum h a be bit u fqu e a d au remfin iftra m decen ter p rote nfum. Ac po il remo t ibi a a c p edes ipfiu s ca l igis ferie i se t fa nd a l iis indu e ntur
“ A fimil a r p rac'
tice of array ing th e dead in thofe habit s of fpl e ndor, d ign ity, a nd ceremon y , to wh ich they were in t i t led in their l ife- t ime, a ntie n tlyextended itfe lf to tho fe of inferior degree, as wel l clergy as l ait y ; moii ofwh ichwere ufu a l ly bu ried in t he dre fs p roperl y belonging to thei r refp e é
‘
tive qu al it i es . Thu s emperors were en tombed in thei r imperi a l a nd kings in thei rro yal robes : kn ights were in terred in thei r mi l itary garmen ts ; bifhops werel ai d in t he grave in thei r pontifica l habi ts ; pri e its in thei r fa ce rdota l ve ft
men ts ; a nd monks in the dre fs of the p art icu lar order to which they belonged .
Confia ntine th e Great wa s put into a che(t of gold, cl othed in the imperial
pu rp l e, with a di adem of gold, a nd decorated wi th e nfigns o f roya l t y TheNorman s demol ifh ing the tomb o f king Clovi s, in the chu rch o f St . Genev ieve
,
found p art of his royal robes , a nd (e ve ra l j ewels, a nd other tre a fu re s 3. W e
h ave al ready feen the conten ts of Chil de ric’
s tomb, a nd howCharl emagne wa sdre ft in h is . On rebu i lding the abbey chu rch o f W e ftminfte r, by H e nry Il I.the fe pu lchre o f Sebert king o f the Ea fiAngles wa s opened, a nd p art of his roya lrobes feen , wi th h is thumb ring, in which wa s fe t a ruby o f great valu e 4 . Thel ike cont en t s o f the grave o f Canu te 5, Edtva rd the Con fe fi
’
or, a nd W i l l i amRu fu s,have been a lre a dv ment ioned . The body o f W i l l iam the Conqu eror wa s foundroyal ly cloa the d, as p e rfe ét as when juft bu ried, on the op en ing o f h is tbmbat Caen, 1 5 2 2 a nd h is qu een in l ikemanner, 1 5 62
7. The younger Hen ry
W a s bu ried 1 1 8 3 , in the ve fime n ts that had been con fe cra te d at his coronat ion “.
Henry II. h is father, wa s habi ted in l ike mann er ". Rich a rd l l . d irected, by
h is wil l , that h i s body fhou ld be clad in wh ite fa ttin or velvet, more r egio, a nd
( 0 in terred, with the crown a nd fce p tre , gilded , bu t withou t a ny fion e s, a nd
on h is finger a ring, mor e regio, wi th a p reciou s d one o f the valu e of twe n t y
ma re s Engl iih mon ey
Archzr o l . Il l . ubi (up .
Enfe h. in V i t a , IV . 66. Anglo-Norm. Ant. p . 53.
Archz o log. l l l . 390.
O r ra the r He nry d e B lo i s bifhoP o f tha t fe e . Se e p . 28 .
An tiqu ite z dc Norma nd ie .
Ht‘ fcuhcrl An tiqu ite z de l a Province de Ne u fi rie .
Ma t th. Pa ri s , p . Ib. p .
Ryme r, ha d. VI II . 75. Roya l Wi l ls, p . 194.
cxxxvi
On a carefu l infp e tfi ion of both hands of Edward I . no ring cou ld be dif
covered . However, a s i t cannot be fuppofe d that the corpfe wa s de pofite d wi tho u t that u fu a l attendan t e nfign o f roy a l t y, we ma y with great p robabil i ty con
je tfture , that on the Ihrink ing of the fingers by l ength of t ime, the royal ring
h a d fl ip t off a nd bu ried itfe l f in fome p art o f the robes
W i l l iam o f W indfor, (on o f Edward III. who d ied in his in fancy, a nd is
bu ried in W e fiminfie r-abbey, h a s the fhort coat bu ttone d'
qu ite to the bot tom,
a nd on the clofe fle e ve s from the elbow to th e wrifl, a nd girded round thewaift with a r ich girdle : over th i s is a man tl e with a fi a nding cape, havingbu tton s, bu t l et down a nd u nbu t ton ed, the foams on the fhou lde rs t rimmed,a nd the edges o f the man t le, as wel l a s the p l ait s at the bottom h a tcht l ikea nobleman ’s gown in o ur u nive rfitie s ; h is hofe are a l l o f on e p i eceW i l l iam of Hatfield, in York min fte r, i s dre ft in flowing h ai r with a corone t of
t refoils, a man t le fringed with fur, fa fie ne d down the front of the fhou l de r wi thfou r rofcs, wi th which the n eckband i s alfo adorned fuc
’
h alfo go above the backo f his hands, a nd come down the fron t of his th irt ; his furco a t or coat of ma il ,richl y embroidered or en amel led ; hi s fiock ings p l ain , h is (hoes ret icu l ated withqu atrefoi l s ; no (word or dagger . Under h i s head are two ta ffe l ed cu fhions,
a nd at h is feet a l ion . This elegant l i tt le a l a ba fie r figu re of a royal in fan t hasbeen removed from i t s neg l ected fitu a tion, a nd p l aced ou t of reach of inju ry, in an iélt e in the North wal l o f the chu rch , by the care a nd good ta fie of the p re fe ntPrecentor.Gloves are re pre fe nte d on the hands o f k ings a nd p relates on the ir
'monu
ments, a nd gau nt lets on thofe o f mi l itary me n . The mother o f Aymer deValence earl o f Pembroke, on the fide o f his tomb in W e ftminfie r abbey, 1 3 2 3 ,holds hers in her h ands 3 : (0 does a l ady in Worde fte r cathedral . A kingholds h is in h is left h and, on the tomb of John of Eltham. Mon tfau con givesthem on the hands o f two lords o f St . Lou i s’ cou rt ‘
. Officers of (l a te , a nd
other nobl emen, are re pre fe nte d wi th one at the right h and, for the pu rpofe of
fu ppor’
ting a h awk, whi le the other i s off, a nd he ld in the left h and. In th eabbey chu rch of Barbeau in Brie a young ma n h a s his glove on h is left hand,wh ich holds the g love of the other h and ; fo Robert earl of Dreu x, 1 2 3 3 ,
holds h i s r ight glove doubled in his right hand 5 . The laft abbot of Eve fh am,
1 5 5 7 , in Worce il e r cathedra l , has a g l ove on h is left hand .
The jewel s on the back o f the gloves appear on the h ands of king John’s e ffigie s at Worce fie r, a nd are app end a ges to me lt e p ifcop a l a nd many abbati alfigu res.
Pa fs we from kings to nobl es,kn ight s, a nd mi l i tary me n, a lmoft the on l y
p e rfon s of the laity ~ who merited diftingu ifh e d monumen ts, as they were th eon l y cl a fs above the mechan ics a nd p e a fa ntry. The p rofe fli on of al l th i sc l a fs being arms, thei r habi t o f
“
com ic wa s mi l it ar y, a nd the difii ngu ifhingfeatu res of it the he lmet, furco a t, a nd coat of mai l or armou r.Hall, in his Chron icle
6
,fp e a k ing of the p rep aration for ju its, in th e ii rit ye ar
o f Hen ry IV. gives the fol lowing de fcription o f a n a rmed ma n : Some had thehelme, the vife re , the two ba vie rs, a nd the two pl a ch a rde s o f the fame curiouflygraven , a nd conn ingl y coffed fome h a d thei r co l le rs fretted, a nd other h a d themfett wi th gi lt bu l l ion s ; on e comp any h a d the p l a ch a rd, the re fi,
the po rt, theburley, the t a fi
’
e s, th
’
c lamboys, the backp i ece, the ta p ul l, a nd the border o f
Fo l. n .
cxxxv i i i
extraordinary manner a crofs his th ighs from right to left Th iba l d cou n t deB lois
,who d ied 1 2 1 8, has a helmet gu arded in fron t with frame work or
grates “: So has St . Lou i s himfe l f ’
; Ferd inand king o f C a l l ill e , who d iedPeter de Dreu x duke o f Bretagne, earl o f Richmond, 1 2 5 0
5; a nd
other in ll a nce s th roughou t th i s cen tu ry “. Gilbert de Clare, 1 2 9 5 Hugh
V idame of Chalon has o ne gu arded by a crofs fie u ry That o f Su fa ne theherald , 1 260, i s round, a nd o f mai l " I t con t inu ed to the reign o f Edward 111.See his feal to a deed in the pofi
’
e fli on o f Mr. Altl e , as a l fo others of john earlW arren, 1 2 5 4
— 1 2 7 6, who has the flat helmet gu arded wi th latt ice work,or
grat ings, a nd the e fca rboucle o f h is arms on i t .The fe flat helmets have the h ofe-p iece, or grat ing, or ba r work, to_
th e vi zorsboth on the French a nd Engl ifh monumen ts before cited ; o f which the firft
infia nce among u s i s on th e figu re o f Ge ffre y Ma gna vile . The he lmets gi venby Mr. Grofe, wi th fuch defences, are many o f them o f l ate date . Theyi l lu ftra te , however, the l ift ing u p a nd lett ing down the fe defences. The h ofe
p ieces, which he gives to Grecian helmet s, in the Britifh Mu fe um, if genu in e,m a y be parallel ed wi th thofe in the t a p e li ry de Bayeu x, exa m th at thel atter are more p rominen t Nor does i t fo l low that Pompey
’s t roop s at Pharfal i a wanted this defence to their faces ; for the Roman (word wa s of thefia bbing or thru ll ing kind ; a nd i t i s wel l known C a e fa r dire éte d his me n t o
a im at the faces of thei r enemies, be ca u fe they affec’ted a too great te nde rne fs
o f thei r pe rfons . Fau chet fays, that a lucky ltrok e on the nofe -p iece, v e nta i/le ,or fvjfie re , wou ld tu rn a helmet qu ite r ound on the head, a s happen ed to aFrench kn igh t at the batt le of Bovines .
Of the helmets o f the Warren famil y, th at o f W i l l iam earl Warren 1 089,in Ph i lpo t
‘s Ebo r. MS. Coll . Arm. i s round with barrs to the eyes, a nd a mai lapron from them. On H a me l ine ’
s feal, 1 2 02 , fqu a re a nd po inted. A feal ofearl john ’s h a s a pointed helmet wi th gratings. One of Waleran earl o f Wor
ce lte r, 1 l 66, pointed wi th -a pendan t before the nofe .
The mai l helmets were always rou nd ". The earls of Bu rgundy, in the
l gth cen tu ry, have flat helmets The round, or, as Mr. Grofe cal ls them,
con ical , or cy l ind rical helmets, he diftingu ifhe s by the n ame of cba p e /l e de f e r ;but P . Dan ie l , whofe au thorit y he quotes, de fcribe s them as the l ighte lt of a l l
helmets wi thout viror or gorget ; a nd l ike thofe afterwards ca l l ed B a/ine tIn the t 4 th centu ry the helmets were both round a nd poin ted . Of the tint
fort is th at o f john o f Eltham, 1 3 3 4'4; Phi l ip de Valo i s, 1 3 5 0
'5 But in
th is centu ry the helmets, l ike the armou r, were hammered a nd p l ated . Fauchetfays , when helmet s better fi tted the head, th ey were cal ledwurgm
'
note r, bywhich I u nde rll a nd that they were a n improvemen t on the other .
On e o f the Sewa l s, from 4 Richard I . to 4 4 Henry III. or o f the Shirl eys,from 4 4 Henry III. to Dugda l e
’
s t ime, appears in comp lete armou r, .wi th around helmet, in Ea te ndun chu rch , c . W arwickThomas earl of La nca fie r, eldeli fon o f Edmund Crou chback, i s the firlt
whofe helmet is furmounte d by a cre lt Ra du lph de Monthe rme r e arl o f Gloucell er a nd Hereford, a nd john St . john , have th em on thei r feal s app endan t t o the ba ron s’ letter to the Pope, 1 3 00 .
We fe eIthem on the great feal o f Edward Il l a nd Edward the Black Prince
a nd his brothers '9. a nd o f Richard l l The feal s of the du kes of Bu rgund y,Mont I . PI. x iv. 7. l b. x v i. 3 .
1 lb. x x i. 3 . lb. n ix . a .
3 l b. xxx. 3 . lb. xxx". m i i i . l , a , x xx vi . 5 . Se c the fe he lme t. in Grofe ,P l . V l l l . I . a . 5 . 1X . 5 , 6, 7. 9, i o, n ,VIII. 1
,a . X . I . a . a n: of the be ginning of the 1 3th ce ntury
5 . is of He nry the Eighth’t t ime . Sa ndf. 1 39. Montf. l l . xxxvi . lb. 1 1 k . 3
Se e a nothe r in Gro fe , 1X. 3 . Montf. I'
l . xxxvii i . i o . Se a ux de Bourgogne . P]. l .F a uche t a nd Grofe . They we re worn in the t ime of Edw/a rd l l . a nd III . a nd Richa rd 11. Swim ha d gra m.
'4 lb. PLu x i . Montf. u . x l ix . P. i . Dugdo 4 78S a ndi . i o a . Ant. Soc. Sa lt. Pl. l V.
S a ndi. p . 1 3 4 . l b. p. u s. lb. p. 190.
1 3 1 5 :
cxxxix
1 3 1 5 ; a nd fome of the duke s a fterwards kings of Fra nce , 1 366, 1 4 0 5 havecre lts ' On monumen t s the cre ft is on the helmet that l i es u nder the hea d of
the figu re.The fea l s of Hugh V. duke of Bu rgu ndy , a nd Lewi s o f Burgundy, both
1 3 1 5 , have a k ind o f wings to the helmet ‘.
Sometimes the p art which covers the neck, a nd conne éts the helmet a nd
hau be rk or mail co at, i s fixed to the former ; fome time s i t i s fe p a ra te d, a nd i scal l ed a Gorge t, or throat-p ie ce, a nd i s gen eral l y of mai l . In forn e infia nce s
there i s no fe p a ra tion between i t a nd the helmet of mai l, in which ca fe itbecomes the hood before de fcribe d, a nd i s frequ en t l y feen on monuments, p a r-iticu l a rly in France, th rown off beh ind, a nd fal l ing on the fhou lde rs, or i treaches to the chin, th e ears, or e ven to the ey es, ev en when the helmet is notof mai l . The cba /l e ron
'
de ma ille : con t inu ed in fa lh ion above two cen tu ries
What we cal l the gorge t the F rench diltingu ilh by the n ame of cba p e ron, or
l it t l e ca pe . Charles I . king of Nap les, a nd Robert e ar l o f C lermon t, a nd Peterde Dreu x duke o f Bretagn e, al l in the th i rteen th cen tu ry, h ave it on the i rtombs It fal ls down on the back a nd (hou lde rs, a nd wa s drawn u p over thehead in time of a etion . Gaucher de Chatil lon conf’ta bl e of France, 1 3 2 9, h a s
the fame “ch ap eron de mai l les rebattu fu r l e s epau les a s the greater number o fwarriors on French monumen t s h ave. Lou i s I . duke o f Bourbon ,Lord C lifford lett ing i t down, or pu t ting i t off, for heat or p ain, at the ba t
tl e of Ferrybridge, wa s lh ot in th e t hroatwith a n arrow. Ros has th is to his fur.
coa t in the Temp le chu rch .
Thi s is what Matthew Paris cal ls the colla r, when he fays th at Ernald d e
Mounte ne y l oll h is l ife in a tou rname n t at W alden, 1 2 5 2 , his th roat being
p i erced for wan t of a col lar to p rotect i t by the l ance of Roger de Le iburne ,wh ich wa s fh a rp , when on fu ch a n occa fion it ought to h ave be en blun t 7.
The mou th-p i ece, or the gorget, i s u p to the mou th of one o f the figu res in
the Temp le chu rch , Pl . V . fig. 2 . a nd one of th e St. Cle res, at Danbu ry, Pl. VI.fig. 3 . which is on e of th e fironge fi argumen ts for the a ntiqu i t y of wooden
figures .The facings of helme ts are v ar iou s ove r the fore he ad a nd down the fide s of
the face, which ma y be ca l l ed fron t let a nd fide p i eces fome a re ftudde d in both
p a rts ; fome in the frontle ts on ly : fome fron tl et s a re enr iched with flowersa nd fol iage ; fome, a s that of a Vere at Earl's Coin, a nd a Nevil l e at S taindrop ,infcribe d with let ters, Thus fia ga rcnug. Th is infcrip tion is fr equ en t on
r ings 8 . On the h inge o f Mun a fli ng chu rch-door, in Effe x’
, i s th is r ude infcript ion, wh ich has pu zzled a l l an tiqu ari es
ji g/u: Na z a re nur Re x yude orum mife re re ma a rum.
Alberic de Vere, 1 2 1 5 . Pl . IX. h a d round h i s he lmet a fi l let li udde d wi t h{tone
'
s fo hav e the Nevil les at Coverham, Pl . X IV. Wil l i am de Vale nce e arl o f
Pembroke, 1 3 04 , PI. XXVII . That of Thomas Fu rn i v al l, at Wyrkfop , pa r
ticul a rly not iced in the rh yming ge nealogy of hi s fami l y
W i th hi s helme on his h ead wel l e n qu ere
W ith p rec iou s (tone s fome tyme ytwere fette there,And a noble ch a rbu ncl e on hit doth he he re
On h is b edde to fe e they ma ywho fowi l l .
. Se a ux dc Bourgogne , Pl . I . IV. V. l b. Pl. IV.
Montf. I I. 3 89. lb. 1 1 1 . 163 , 163. Ib. pl. a .6 lb.
Rogz ru s fu am a pta ns l a nce a m, cujua mucro p ro ut debnit non e ra t he be ta tue , fub ga le . He ra ldi guttur ejl l cumtra che a prz cidit a a rte riis. Era ! e n im e a pa rte difcoope rtus a : ca re m col/a ri a , M. Pa r is,
Se e H u tchim‘uDort’
e t, l. 5 56. a nd Gent.Ma g. L IV. 1 34.
Mon.Angl. l l .
[ a l l
The he lmets of John of El tham, a nd the Black Prince, a nd many others, hat e
coronets or chap let s rou nd them.
The beam, or v i zor, o f the h elmet of S ir Hugh Ha ll ings i s e x prcfs l y e xh ibite d as l ifted u p ; a nd fo are tho fe of th ree kn ights at the fide s o f his canopy .
The mail gorget o f the earl o f Pembroke there ha s above it a p l ated cape , a nd
his {word has no tra nfve rfe bar.The vi zor wa s l et down in t ime of a a ion. Richard N. fl o pt the combat
between the dukes o f Hereford a nd Norfolk , j o l’t as th e former ha d clo fed his
ba t'ie r In the o ld pa in t ing on the Wal ls o f part o f Tha ne t~ hou le;by Temp l eba r, which being uncovered for rebu i lding wa s cop ied for me by Mr. B a fire ,
a nd wa s of the time o f Hen ry V_
l l . or Vl l l . l e ve ra l figu res ha d e l evated overtheir helmets a k ind o f bar, which, when l et down by ri vets, wou ld havegu arded the eyes or nofe .
Upon comparing the Engl ifli wi th the French helmets on monuments, I find
great var iet y in the former.The variou s k inds o f helmets enumerated by Mr. Grofe, in h is fcicnt ific
tre a tife on ou r an t ient armou r, by the names o f Cba pe ll e de ji’r , Bm‘
gone t , B a/infl ,
Sa le t, Scu ll or Huj ke fl , Ca/l/e , Pot a nd Ma rion , are too l ight to appear o n monumen tal figu res, where parade wa s p rinc ipal l y confu l te rl ; for I do not conceivethe firft o f the fe helmetswa s o f the heavy kind, or confined to cavalry .
The armou r that covered the body a nd l imbs wa s d i v ided in to two fort s,mai l a nd p l ated . I do no t agree with Mr. Grofe‘s defin i t ion o f chain a nd p late
mai l ; a s I conceive mai l, from its derivat ion , to imp ly n e t or ring work o f
me ih e s intire l y d iil inél from the fca l e s o f p lated armour, which “ere fewe dtogether
,or on a l in ing, while the mail me i
‘
he s were conne éte d together l ikel inks of a chainwi thou t a ny other a ffifia nce .
The figu re o f S i r Hugh Bardolph , engraved Pl . X . a nd X I . i s the compl e te fifpe cime n o f a n armed kn ight among u s, a nd molt happ i l y i l lufl ra te d by Mr.Ret t ich
’
s de fcrip tion o f it, p . 3 6.
The hauberk W a s a comp l ete covering of mai l from head to foot . l t con
fifle d of a hood joined to a jacket wi t h fle e ve s , breeches, flockings, a nd fli oe s o f
double chain mai l, to which were added gau nt lets of the fame . Fa uch et de n
fcribe s a kn igh t as arming himfe l f wi th the breeches upwards to the gob/yon or
g a me s/on Thi s he de fi nes a long garmen t reaching down to the knees, a nd
Hol linfli e d, p . 494 .
Le Cheva l ie r comme nce a f‘1.rmcr pa r le l cha i ifl'
e s , pu is e ndofl'
e rt un gobifl'
nn— c'emit tin vcflemen t longjtt( que s in:
l e t cuill e s a : contre -
po inte . C e mo nil re l’a uthe ur e t le pe intre du l ivre intitu le Le l ’e le rina ge (I t: Va lu e
"dila nt .
Ft tou t a mficomme fa if‘
t e ll
De s pomure s Ie Cu b/You a i. Ga mbrj bn.
Pou rquo i pou rpo im le s a ppe l l e on , (si r.'
Et e ncore le me lme a uthe ur d it que c'e floit 1: premie re p ie ce du ha rno is .
C a r de four va le Ga mbcfonQ i i a rme r {e ve n lt pa r ra ifon.
Pa r l a pe in ture qu e j'e n a i il femble long jufqnca a n de fl
'
oubs de s ge noux : e t l e mcfme a utbe itr mouflre que le l fe mme s
e n po rto icnt (u s le ur cha ir : ma it il e ll cm ) a ble qu'ils e floie nt le gt rcme nt contre pointe r, je cro i, comme e ncoi e t ile !font a ujourdhdi pour fe montl rcr a vo ir le corp s dro it ou ca che t le u r de fa un de na ture . ca r il dit .
B r 13 ca mpa gne l u Ga nbe fon
Cba nto it u ne te l le cli a u fon :
j : cha n te ra y fa ire le doiRie n je ne porte awe moiAu pe t i t gu iche t re te nueNe fe ra i pa s , ca rje fu is nue .
D e lf t "ce Gamhe fon i ls a vo icnt une chemife de ma i l le s longue n jnfqucs a u dc ll'
ous de s ge nouil e a pr e l le e Auh r ou
Hu be r, ie cro is du mo t a lbu , ca r /4 16m m: e e tourne e n Fra nqo is An lbin , . flbwu mAubie r, qui e ll le bl a nc dc to u t bo i s ,A164: a ube , e t a u tre s fembla ble s, ct ce l ui ‘ ci e nAube r, po urcc que le s ma i l le 1 dc fe r bicn po l ie s , fort ie s , e t re l i iifa nte s t n
fembloie nt plus bl a nche s .A ce s chemife s e floie n t cou fue s le s cha ufl
'
e s cc difcnt le s a nna le s de Fra nce pa rl a n s d: Re gna u lt comte dc Da mon rtin
comba ta n t e n l a ba ta i l l e dc Bovine s . Un ca puchon ou coe fi'
e a utTi de ma i l l e y te noi t pour me ttre l a te ll e de d a m g le
que l u pucbon fe rcje ttoit d e rrie re a pre s qu e le Cheva l ie r f 'e flo it o te l e he a u lme , e t qua nd il s voulo ie ti t fe rd u ichir h e .
e ve r to ut le ur ha moi l l infigut I’a n vol'd mph/fu n fipnl l urn .
Le Hu b” on B u rg." ce ints d'un e ce in ture on l a rge co urroye a ppe l le e ja d i s B a lm ; e t de s a ncie ns Fra nco is B a udrie r,
pource qu'il e flni t fa ir de cu ir fcc ci ma niép a r u ii Ba udroye ur, qu i e n rm quvrie r qui ba udroye ct e ndurc it l e s pra nx e n le s
ma n i a nt." 11. 0 i . p . 107, 108.
counter
t exin
The German n ame Wa mbafdm i s noth ing more than a corru pt ion of Gambq/on;a nd i s e x p l ained , Tu ti ica fp ilTa ex l ino 8e itu ppa vel v e te fibu s p a nn is co nfu t a
8 : de fupe t'
ca mifii a ferrea .
” I t is theTbor a x o f the an tients, the jupa r o f theSpan i ards, the Gu i/W 1 o f the Ita l i an s, the Pour/ta in t o f the French , a nd the Da ub/e ro f the Engl ith . The j a ck, or j a que , wa s of the fame materials, a nd the ja cke t
or j a gue l l e o f de e rfk in
Uri p ou rpo int dc chamoisFarci de bou re fus 8e fou s . Coqu i/l a rt .
The H a gu e l on, orAbe /on, wa s another n ame for th e fame habit, a nd a MStChron ic le o f Bert rand G ue fcl i ii de fcribe s i t as refining the bl ows which brokethe ( hield a nd good jazeran t, be ca u fe i t wa s made o f buckra m
'
L’efeu l i de rompi Sc l e bon jazeran tMai s Ie H a u tfton fu t fort, qu i fu t de bouqu e ra nt
The coat o f armou r wa s l ined, or ha d a jacket under i t; So Chaucer‘s,kn ight
Of fufiia n wered a gtfionA l l e be fmo tre d with his
"
h a be t'
ge on .
Baldwin de B e te ncou‘
rt, in Orcamp abbey, in Fra'
nce , has the mai l a nd fu rcoat withou t a ny tide armou r.
The fu it o f mai l armou r in the poll'
e fli on o f Mr. Green o f Lichfie ld, e n
graved by Mr . Grofe, p l . XX] . wi l l give a perfect idea o f that ant ient ki nd o f
ca fi ng o f the body : the rings at the extremi t ies o f the arms a nd (b irt s are(ma i le r than thofe of the body a nd head, every ring being dri l l ed a nd rivetted .
‘
On man y of ou r monumen t s the mai l has the appearance o f SS, or fuch l ink sa s forms a jack chain . The large fu it in Mr . Grofe’s p l ate weighs a l togetherth i rty-n ine pounds. On the bre a ti a nd back are a fe t o f p l ates , on thofe on thebre a tt a re cl a fp s to make them fall by a leather firap , the whole coat being openbefore.
Over the coat o f armour wa s the furco a t of fluff, o f wh ich (ome of ou r firfi
e x amp les are the Temp l e figu res . On thi s the arms were embroidered , bu ton the bre a ft o f the p lated armou r they were ename l l ed or re l ieved . One o f
the firft e x amp les'
o i the firfiTort on the p l ated armou r among u s is W i l l i amd e Valence earl of Pembroke
, Of the l atter, Thomas fe cond l ordBerk e l ey, at B rifio l
‘
._In France, o f the furco a t, Thiba ld earl o f Blois,
who d i ed 1 2 1 8 3, in the windows o f the cathedral o f Chartres, where he
i s rcpre fe n te d “ f ew/u de fimAl a/on,” accord ing to the an t ien t mode of ex
p re tfing i t ; fe e a l fo Peter d e Dreu x , furn a mcd Mancicre, duke of Bretagne,a nd earl o f Richmond, 1 2 5 0 , twice in the windows o f Notre Dame deChartres 4 , a nd others there ; bu t no t o n tombs t i l l 1 2 79, on that o f Hughv idame o f Chalon at Chalon s
. Before that they fe em in France to havebe e n on fma l l pain ted fli i e lds, as if fa lte n e d to the belt ; wh ich wa s a verygenera l mode in th at kingdom, though , according to the genera l op in ion , bl aZonry a nd coat s o f arms were firft in t roduced in the reign o f Lou is le jeu ne
,i n
the e nd o f the twe l fth cen tu ry . Mont fau con doubt s 6 i f they were worn on ga r
ment s (0 ear l y, or before the reign o f St . Lou i s, which wa s n ear a n hu ndred yearsl ater, at wh ich t ime they were a l fo, he th inks, p u t into l ozenges. Peter deD i eu x , before men t ioned,
'duke o f Bretagne, 1 2 5 0, in the abbey o f St. Ive dd e Braine, has hi s arms enamel led on the pome l of his (word . Hen ry Sp a nhe imat l l cmme nrode h a s a long fu rcoa t over al l h is armou r, a nd noth ing but h is
Pl . x x vn. PI. x iv . Montf. II. ” 4. x vi. 3. 1b. x x x . x . 3.lb. x xxv i . 5 . 11.
cx iiii
fw'
ord, fli ie ld of a rms, a nd (puts, be fpe a k him a kn ight'. The famema y be
find o f Simon de Thou ars cou n t de Dreu x , 1 36 5
John cou n t de Roucy a nd Bra in s,
“ the lufly ear l o f Rou fi i ,” as ou r Sh a k fp e a re
ca l l s h im, k il le d'
a t Agincourt, 1 4 1 5 , on the da y o f St . Crifp in a nd St . C rifp i
n i an, is habited on his monumen t at Y ve d de Braine, in a mai l gorget a nd a furcoat, which intire l y covers h is arm ou r, excep t the lowe rjoin t o f the a rm. Hi s
coat o f arms is at the back o f h is head .
The B l ack Prince i s rcpre fe nte d in bl ack armou r embofiwi th gold, a nd witha go lden l ion on his bre a fl , a hat wi th a wh ite feather, a nd a l arge ruby exa étlv in th e th a pe o f the - rough ruby ftil l in the crown . Mr, W alpo l e 3 hasti a mpt origina li t y on thi s portrai t, a nd Mr. Godfrey has engraved i t 4 . It wa s inthe hands o f the Sp eaker Onflow, now o f h is fon George
,a nd came ou t o f .
Betchworth—ca fll e , Su rry . I know not how to con trovert fuch au thorit ies ; bu t‘
I
the l ion ra mpa nt, a s here, is ne ither the Bl a ck‘
Prince’
s coat nor cre fi. WhatMr. W alpo l e ca l l s a rmour , the e ngraver re p re fe n ts a s a fu rco a t with a p l atedgorget a nd mai l fl e e ve s ; the ru by fiil l in the crown wou ld hardly h ave everbeen in the Prince of Wa l es’ s bonet .The arms o f Robert du Bois, at Fe rsfie ld; r 3 r t , are p ain ted al tern ate l y with
thofe o f his l ady on the fold; of h is furco a t 5 , Si r John Say, at B ro x borne , abou t
1 4 7 3 , bears h is on the bre a tt-p l ate, a nd flt irts, as wel l as the a rm p l ates o f hi s
p l ated armou r. In the bra fs figu re of Trump ington they are on his (h ield a nd
lca bl i a rd, a nd on two fta nding (bou lder p ieces or p ennon s behind him6.
Thete pennon s or gon fa nnons are ext remel y common on French monu
me nts t Thu s Sir Jerre de B ienen , 1 2 8 5 , at Sen l i s a nd H e re vil d e Che rify,
in Lo'
ngpon t abbey, Robert fifth earl o f Dreu x , 1 3 2 9, at Dreu x , with arms.Plain a nd in front are thofe o f St . Peter fi re de C a ndoire , 1 2 97 , . a t Orca mpabbey, Guy lord of Pl a ifie r B riou n , Flamen t, Jo hn de B re tign i, 1 3 1 In fron t
wi th arms thofe o f ‘
Sir Oudart Hu art, 1 2 6 1 . John“fi re d e C a ndo irre , 1 2 6 5 .
j ehan s, 1 3 00, a nd two other kn ights, al l in Orcamp abbey . W e have one
more infia nce among u s in a bra fs kn ight at Gorle fion, c . Su ff o lk .
The fu rcoa t of S ir Robert de Boers, 1 3 6 17, fal l s l ight l y in h a ndfome p l aits,
gathered round h is waift by a kind o f cord, a nd fringed at the bottom a n d tide s .
His belt,in every p art of i t, i s alfo more ornamen ted .
That o f S imon de Thoua rs cou n t de Dreu x,ki l l ed in a ti lt ing match on his
wed'
d-ing d a y,. 1 3 65 , on h is tomb in the abbey o f Notre Dame d ’
Eu , i s p l aitedin the wa i it, a nd clofe gi rt at the wa ittba nd . That o f Lou i s o f France ear l
o f Evre u it, 1 3 1 9, in the Jacobines chu rch at Paris, is hemmed with fu rr.Mai l armou r maintain ed i t s grou nd from th e Norman inv a fion to the fif
te e n th ce n turyt Henry IV. i s the l a tl: o f our kings who app ears in i t on h i s
great {6 3 1 8 5The tra nii tion from ma i l to p l ated armou r i s firongl y marked on the bra fs of
C re yk . Mon tfau con gives no infia nce of i t in France after the th irteenth centu ry ".Chalo de St ; Mars appears in p lated armou r, in the reign o f Phi l ip the Fou rth
Aa a Aca d. The od-Pa l . III . 49. Montf. I I. xv. a .
3 Ane cdote s of Pa int i ng, 1. 1 6. Ant iq . Re p e rt . P.Se e it e ngra ve d in the An tiq. Re p. II . 5 2 5. from the dra wing by Mr. Tyfon. As my l a te frie nd inc l in e d to
fix the da te of this croft -legged figure prior to the ye a r 1 3 1 1 , I [h a l l he re a dd, to wha t ha s be e n a lre a dy obfe rve d,
p . civ. a s a confi rma tion o fwha t is the re a dva nce d, the circumfla nce s which he thought int i t l e d o the r p e rfons be fide s
Kn i ghts Te mp l a r s to be to rcpre fe nte d : 1 . H a ving fe rVe d p e rfon a l ly, though fo r hire , in the Ho ly La nd. 2 . H avingma de a vow to go thi the r, though preve nte d by fickne fs o r de a th. 3 . H a vin g con tr ibu ted to the fi tt ing o u t fo ldie rs orve ll e ls fo r the fewice . 4 . H aving be ch bornwi th the a rmy in Pa l e ll ine . La flly, ha ving be e n a confide ra ble be ne fa él or
to the ord e r of Kn ights Temp l a rs pe ttone _we re re nde re d p a rta k e rs of the me ri ts a nd h011ou r o f tha t fra te rn i ty, a nd
burie dwi th the i r difiinfl ions, a n ide a which ha s be e n more re ce ntly a dopte d a bro a d by ma ny gre a t pcrfon a ge s whoh a ve be e n' inte rre d in the ha bi ts of ca puchins .
" Antiq. Re p . IL 2 26. The fourth of the fe re a fom a ccounts for th e
crots -l e gge d figure s of fmai l proportion.
7 Pl . XLI I .,
S a ndf. a “.9 Pl. LVI.
Montf. I I. 2 18. pl . x ll .
. cxl i vI
]
but-Mon tfau con refers the p aint ingwh ich rcpre fe nts'
li i'
rh‘to the reign o f Franc is 1.Mai l occu rs on the Bu rgu nd ian feal s , 1 4 0 a nd
“
on thofe o f the ear ls of Pl anders, 1 3 4 9 a nd
'
inix t wi th p lated, 1 3 66, a nd a s late as 1 4 60 The gorget s
a re mai l , while the l e g, a nd thigh p ieces are p l ated,"
on the fo ldie rs o f the duke
o f La ne a fle r, temp . Rich a rd l l . in the drawings of that t ime, engraved by
Mr. Stru tt, p l . 2 9 .-
3 1 . See alfo Robert Chamberlayn‘
e, in the fe rvice .o f Henry V .
a t Agincou rt, 1 4 1 73, wh ich
‘ i s a comp leat examp le of a n armed kn ight .
Fa uchct, from Froiffa rt, fays , armou r ma de of p l ates of iron wa s not in com
mon u fe t i l l The ge nou a i ll e s,'
or knee—p ieces, of Bardolph, 1 20 3 , are
p l ated ; (0 are thofe o f the Cove rham kn ights o f John l ord Montacu te,at Sal if
bu ry in the 1 3 th centu ry . Thomas lord Berkeley, 1 3 6 1, ha s the mai l coat a nd
gorget . Si r John Beauchamp, in Old 1 3 6 1 , h a d the ma i l coat a ndgorget
, a nd rou nd he lmet.S ir Humphry Litt lebu ry, at Holbeach ", a nd S ir Hugh H a fiings, 1 3 4 7 ,
h a s armou r mi—pa rtie , p l at ed“
a nd mai l ; a s have alfo the figu res at the tide s of
the latter’s canop y . John lord Montacute has the mai l gorget a nd fk irt. Thomasde Vere e a rl o f Ox ford, 1 3 7 1 , ha s p lated armou r, wi th mai l gorget, a rm-
p iece,fk irts, a nd fli oe s . Edward lord ~ De fp e n fcr, 1 3 7 5 , has the mai l-gorget. S ir
Gu y de Brian , 1 39 1 h a s a mai l-gorge t, his fu rcoa t r ichly d i apered . Si r Johnde Greke
, in the“reign of 43d Il l . h a s the fame mi-part ie armou r, gorget,
a nd mai l—coat, finifh ing in a point, over which i s a n embroide red ap ron a nda fu rcoa t, {hort a nd p l a ite tl, a nd a n he lme t e l egan t l y adorn ed a nd incircl e d
by a. fancifu l fil let, a {word p l ain, the knee-p ieces orn ament ed , a nd the rowel srofe s .
Sir John Crofby, 1 4 7 5 , has the pl ated armou r, fira pt at the e lbows, a ndbu ck l ed at the wa ifiba nd ; mai l appears between the th ighs. Over the fhoul da
ers i s a fal l ing man tl e, with a (l anding cape, a nd rou nd hi s n eck a col lar. His
helmet i s rou nd, a nd u nder h i s head a he lmet a nd torfe wi thou t cre lt. He iscl ad in comp lete fie e l armed from head to foot, or ca p a p e e , q . d . a ca pite
a d pedem.
S ir Richard Harcou rt , 1 4 70, has the p l ated armou r {trappe d on the elbowsa nd wrifi
,mail at hi s gorge t
_
a nd between h is thighs, a n d a kind of rufii e tu rnedback at his wrifts . A mant le o f the garter, with a rich cape a nd a cordon, h isbelt charged wi th oakl eaves, his head bare, a nd hair flowing ; the garter rou ndhis left knee. Grey, at St . Alban s, 1 4 9 0, has p l ated armour buckled at thewa iftba nd, mai l ti nder h is gorget or cape, h is hands covered to th e fingers endswi th one p l ate ; at h i s elbows . a trefoil orn amen t. The B a rdol fs, at Wotton,1 4 3 8 , have the p lated armou r, wi th pointed fhou lde r-p ieces;mai l between the:
th ighs, a nd the h ai r cu t olofe above the ears. John Vere ea rl of O x ford, 1 5 r 3 ,at Earl’s Colne, h a d p l ated armou r buckled at the wa ift, a fiifi
'
fia nding cap e,flowing hair, bareheaded, a nd m a al l the man t le o f the garter.John Bore], at Brox born, 1 5 3 1 , ha s p l ated a rmotJ r, with mai l flt itt s , ga untJ
l et s in fca l e s, clofe at the ba ck of h is hands, in his left hand a large mace ; hish e lme t a nd gorget u nder i t ; the v izor u p .
In France Charles earl o f Alencon , 1 in the Jacobine s chu rch at Paris h a smai l mixt with p l ated armou r. Peter I. duke of Bourbon, 1 3 5 7 , iri the famechu rch , fhows mai l at h is neck, ih oulde rs, arms , fkirt; kne es a nd in fi e p .
Edward Tip toft earl of Worce fie r, at Ely, though in fu l l armou r, h a s hishead a nd hai r bare ; fo has F itz W alter at Du nmow, bu t his hair i s crop tl ike a rou ndhead, a s by a bowl, fo are Grey, th e B a rdol fs , the ear l of La nc a fie r on Sir Hugh H a fiings
‘ bra fs , a nd two kn ight s at Harwood.
V rcdiut , 4 7. Pl. 16. lb. 56. Pl . xi .3 Strutt, p l . Iix . P. 97, S tuke le y l r. Cur. I.5 Comm, 4 20.
Whe n
[ ca lvi ]
The ma i l on Robe rt de Ve re ’s cu ifi'
e s, Pl . Vl II. i s the molt l a bou re d a nd ne a t
I re co l le ct .
The k ne e -p ie ce s o f Sir Hugh H afiings h a ve po in te d bofl‘
e s, a nd a lfo thofe o f
k ing Edwa rd on the fa me bra fs . Thofe of Robe rt de Bu e rs , Pl . XLI I. a re
h ighl y o rn a me n te d .
Be low the kn e e s o f W i l l i a m Ma rlh a l l,in the Temp le , a nd Bria n Fi tz Al a n ,
temp . H e nry III. a t B e d a l, a re ba nds or ga rte rs, a s 'if to fe p e ra te the cu ifl'
e s
from th e gre a ve s . John o f Elth a m, 1 3 3 4 , h a s the l ik e , bu t o rna me nte d .
Such a pp e a r double a t the be nd o f the a rms o f W i l l i am de V a le nce , a tWe ll:
minfte r, PLXXVl l . who h a s a l fo wriftba nds, a nd both the fe .a nd the a rm
p ie ce s a re fl owe re d . Th e fe ba nds, wh e n pe rp e nd icu l a r on the gre a ve s, wh e the ro f ma il or p l a te d a rmou r, de no te the fe p a r a tion of the p l a te s, or ma rk the
i kin .
The Gre a ve s we re e i the r o f i ron p l a te s, or ca fe s, cove ring on l y the fron t o fthe leg, or o f two p a rts inclofing the who le . The y h a d po inte d or fqu a re bro a dtocd i ron (h oe s, wi th jo in t s a t the a nk le re a ching to the toe s, a nd fome time s
the y h a d Sa ba tom o f ma il .
The mo lt a n tie n t a rmou r for th e foot wa s long po inte d ; th e p l a te d a rmou r
grewf horte r, a nd wa s jo inte d .
Two fo rts of fpu rs fe em to h a ve be e n in u fe a bou t the t ime o f the Conque
t or, the prya é or tingle po in t, a nd the roue lle o r whe e l . The firfi obt a in e d on
th e crofs - le gge d figu re s a nd o th e rs to the t ime of Edwa rd 111. a nd l b do the
o the r occa fion a l ly, a nd both a re u fe d by the fa me p e rfon on diffe re n t monume n t s . Mon tfa ucon not ice d i t on the figu re of Lou i s e a rl o f Evre u x younge fi(on o f Ph il ip l e H a rd i, who d ie d 1 3 1 9, in the windows of No tre D ame the
Evre u x . I t is not (tra i t, bu t wa ving, a s on the Temp le kn ights . The rowe l with
p o in t s l ik e fia rs a pp e a rs on W i l l i a m Longe fpe e , a t Sa l ifbury, 1 2 2 6 ; o the rs l ikerofe s, on Sir H u gh H a fiings. Se e a lfo the figu re of Robe rt Ch ambe rla in, be forere fe rre d to . As i t is not e a fy to conce i v e o f wh a t u fe the whe e l-fp ur cou ld be ,we m a y fupp ofe its circle wa s foon l e ft off, though the n ame i s re ta ine d toth is d a y.
Of the gre a t v a ri e ty o f Sbie ldx , fome re a ch from the {bou lde r to the grou nd,inclofing h a lf the body in a femicircu l a r de fe nce ; o the rs a re o f a midd le fi l e ;a nd o th e rs do not e itce e d the firft bon e o f th e a rm. Th a t of Sir H ugh H a fi ings i sba re l y o f the fiz e o f a n e fcoche on o f a rms . The Norma n a nd thofe of the crofs
l egge d k n ights a re tri a ngu l a r, vu lga rly ca l le d by th e mode rn n ame o f H e a te r
fhie lds, o f gre a t le ngth , ge ne ra l l y a l it t le con ve x, a nd ve ry ra re l y fl a t. This is the
ge ne ra l fo rm on our a nt i e n t tombs, on l y va ry ing th e le ngth . Thofe in the
t a pe ftry o f B a ye u x h a ve th e u pp e r e xtremi t ie s circu l a r, if th is be not a n e rro r
in the de fign ing. In Fr a nce th e p e nd a n t fhie ld, a me re e fcoche on of a rms, i sthe p re v a i l ing fa fhion, though not to the tot a l e x clufion of th e o the r. I h a vefe e n bu t one infia nce of th e p e nda n t fhie ld a mong u s, a nd th a t is on a mu t i l a te dn e gle éte d figu re o f a l a dy re fiing e a ch h a nd on fuch a fh ie ld on the Northfide o f the n a ve of Se lby a bbe y-chu rch . Th a t of Si r Hugh H a fiings i s noto f a l a rge r p roportion . Some of ou r longefi fhie lds, if not fo con tra é
‘
te d a t
the po in t, wou ld a lmoft h a ve fe rve d the purpofe of the Pa v a cbe , a l a rgefli ie l d, or r a the r a porta ble ma n t le t, u fe d a s the Te ftudo of the a nci e n ts tocove r the fa p of wa l l s,
'
a s wh e n the e a rl of De rby took the fortre fs of RocheM i l a n in Fr a nce Edwa rd the Thi rd’s (h ie ld of {l a te in W e fiminfie r a bbe y isthre e fe e t long, wi th a hofs or umbo .
Froi ll'
a rt, I. c. 109.B e fore
cxlv i i i
N° 6. The fword o f fi a te o f Edwa rd p rince of W a le s , duk e o f Cornwa ll,Mort ime r a nd Ulfie r, e a rl o f Che fie r, 8cc. e lde ft fon o f king Edwa rd IV. I t isfix fe e t long. from pome l to po int, the bl a de n e a r fiv e fe e t, both e dge s fh a rp ,
thre e inche s bro a d a t the h il t, the crofs ba r fix te e n inche s long, the h a ndle fif
te e n inch e s ; fingl e l e t te rs in th e a ngl e s o f the pome l, m a k ing toge the r theword s a nts fortes ; th e crofs a nd two fide s o f the hi l t we re a lfo ch a rge d wi thDu tch rhyming infcriptions, de fa ce d ; on one fide o f the hi l t, which i s bra fs,a re the fe co a ts o f copp e r e n a me l le d ; O 3 l ions p a lfa nt gu a rd a n t G . King: ofWa lte r. S . be z a nte, Cornwa ll . Eng/a m! a nd Fra nce u nde r a l a be l of 3 , crown e da nd bo rn e u p by a nge ls . On the o th e r fide Mor l ime r qu a rt e ring UI/Ze r . Cbe/Ie r .
Arg . a chi e f Az . In a rou nd in the midd le o f th e pome l A . a crofs G .
'
St. Ge orge .
This prince wa s bo rn 1 4 70, a nd ne x t ye a r a fte r the de a th of the fon of He n ry VI .wa s cre a te d Prince of W a le s, 1 4 7 5 , duk e of Cornwa l l, e a rl of Che fie r, a nd
cu fios o f the re a lm o f Engl a nd du ring h is a bode be yond the (e a in Fra nce a nd
Fl a nde rs . Bu t the Prince of W'
a l e s wa s a t Lud lowwh e n the'
k ing his fa th e rd ie d, l i v ing in ft a te a s Prince o f W a le s, a nd be ing th e n a bou t thi rte e n ye a rso ld, he p roce e de d to London to be crowne d, a nd wa s mu rde re d in the Towe r.For
-
him i t i s mo lt p roba bl e th i s gre a t fword o f (l a te wa s u fe d . I t ma y h a vebe e n ma de in the LowCount rie s, a nd a fte rwa rd s brought to Engla nd, a n d the
coa ts o f a rms a dde d .
Fig. 7 . wa s (a id to h a ve be e n fe n t a s a pre fe nt to H e nry VI I I . a nd a ca p o f
M a inte n a nce , wi th the t i t l e o f Def e nde r of tbe Fa il !) fome p a rts o f the h a nd lea re ma de o f rock chryfta l , a nd th a t mou n te d in filve r, ch a fe d, a nd gi l t with
go ld . To th is t ime wh e n th e k ing fits in p a rl i a me n t on h is thron e the ca p i sfupporte d by a noble ma n on one fide , a nd a gre a t fword on the o the r.Fig. 8 i s the fword, a nd fig. 9 the d a gge r, t a k e n from J ame s IV . k ing o f
Scot l a nd, whe n h e wa s fla in a t th e ba ttle o f Flodde n . The bl a de o f the fwordi s thre e fe e t a n d h a l f a n inch , a nd the h a nd le fix inche s a nd a n h a lf : the
bl a de of the d a gge r fou rte e n inch e s, th e h a nd le five inche s long. The hil t o fth is fword ma y be a ccoun t e d the firft a dva n ce to the ba ikot or c lofe hil t of th e1 7 th ce n tu ry.
Fig . 1 0 . i s the fword o f Sir W il l i am Bruce , temp . Eli za be th, pre fe rve d a t
H a nd a l a bbe y, c. Yo rk (whe re i t i s a lfo ca rve d in (tone ) bu t now in the pot"
fe ffion of Mr. Be ckwith , o f York , F . S. A. ; the bl a de th re e fe e t n ine inche slong, the h a nd le a nd crofs ba r e a ch fifte e n inche s .
Fig. 1 1 i s a n a n t ie n t fword fou nd in the Tha me s, a bou t e ight fe e t be low the
be d of the r ive r, by Mr . Smith, who contra éte d for dra wing ba l l a fi ou t of the
riv e r for the ro a ds, 1 7 4 5 .
Fig. 1 z . i s the h a nd le o f a -fword on the monume n t of on e o f'
the kn ightsa t H a rwood, c. York , wi th the word (b5 infcribe d o n i t. Arms a re not u nfre
qu e n t on the pome l s o f fwords .
Mr . Bre re ton (h ewe d th e Soc ie t y o f An tiqu a rie s, 1 7 64 , a fword in form o f a
tuck , which h a s be e n in his fa mi l y a bove a n hu ndre d ye a rs . The bl a de i s d ama fk t
wi th gol d to wi th in two inche s of th e po in t, a nd the twe l ve a pottl e s, wi th th e i rn ame s e ngra ve d th e re on a nd gi l t. It i s l ik e l y to h a ve re ce i ve d p a p a l be n e d ict ion,or to h a ve be e n emp loy e d in the cru fa de s . The h a nd le i s of a ga te , with a filve r
fca l lop on one fide of the h il t . Whe the r the moun t ing i s o f the fame a nt iqu i tywith the bl a de is not v e ry cl e a r, mo lt p roba bl y not.
Mr. He n ry B a ke r fh ewe d a no the r ve ry l ik e i t,with the twe l ve a po ftl e s e n
gra ve n on the bl a de , the mount ing qu ite mode rn, a nd noth ing fingu l a r in i t, a ndi ts a ge u nknown .
Th e v a r ie tie s of olde r fwords ma y be fe e n in the fe ve ra l monume n ts h e ree ngra ve d.
citl ix
The hil t a nd fcabba rd, a s We l l a s the be lt, a re v a riofly fh a pe d a nd (tudde d.
One fe e s ma n y be lt s in Montfa u con a do rne d l ike thore o f the thre e Temp l a rs,Pl . X IX . Som
'
e'
fca bba rds h a v e the coa t o f a rms on th em, a s one of th e M a rke nfie lds a t Ripon, p . 1 4 3 .
H e n ry III. in h is th irty-fix th ye a r, orde rs a n e le ga n t (word, with a fca bba rd
We l l cove re d wi th filk , a nd a pome l wi th filve r, a nd a h a ndfome be lt,to be
go t re a dy for him to k n ight the king‘
of Scot s a t York the e nfu ing Chriitma s’.
The fca bba rd o f Robe rt de Hue i‘ s , 1 3 6 1 , PI. XL“. i s highly orn a me nte d .
The fword of horfeme n, fre qu e n t l y on fe a ls, a pp e a r s to be fa ite ne d on bya
'
ch a in .
The d a gge r Wa s Word on the right tide . This wa s ca lle d th e mi/e rie orde .
Pod r cc qu e de cc férf emen? vo lon tie i'
s e to ie nt occis l e s che v a l ie rs a bba tu s, ct
l e fqu e l s'
voya ns te l le‘s a rme s
'
e n l a ma in de le u rs e nnemis dema ndoi e nt mi en'
corde s’ i l s de fl ro ie nt e t re re pite z de l a mo rtI t fe ems by Fa u ch
‘
ét a s if ibi s we a po n firft ca me in u fe in th e re ign of
Phil ip Augu itu‘
s. Pit y, in th e Roma n d e l a Rofe , i s rcpre fe nte d ho ld ing, infie a d of a fword, a mi/e ricorde , fh a
'
rp e nough to p ie rce a d i a mond . F a uche t
Comp a re s them to th e Scotch d a gge rs, ca l le d da gue s a‘
f oe lle r, be ca u fe th e y h a da t the e nd s of th e cro fs-ba r two rou nds to prote cfi the h a nd comp le te l y .Knyghton
5 de fcribe s W a t Tyle r cu lte l lum e v a gin a tum quem da gge r vu l
gu s voca t in ma n u ge re ns,”a nd [l a in by W a lworth a rre pto bajila rdo.
” Stowe
ca l l s th i s l a tte r we a pon bafil a rd ; Froifi'
a rt‘
,“gra nd ba de/d ir e qu
’ i l port a i t .”
Ch a rpe nt ie r e xp l a in s i t Ca u te la ; o l im B a z e la ire , a nd c ite s re co rds wh e re i t i s
ca l le d B afa la rdum five culte llum; p e t i t coy/l e l porta t if a ppe l le B a ude l a ire .
Mr.W a rton 7e xp l a ins Ca rl ie -d x in Sh a kfp e a re
8a kind of fhew-d a gge r worn
on the kirt le or furcoa t.
Of th e a ne la ce a nd p erva de fe e h e re a fte r.
The re ft for the (p e a r on the right bre a ft i s we ll e x pre fi'
e d in the port ra i t ofArthu r fe cond du ke of Bre t a gne a nd Confia bl e of Fra nce 1 4 5 7 , in Lobin e a u ,
I . 665 . John V . du ke of Bre ta gne , who d ie d 1 3 99, a nd h a s a monume n t inthe midd le of the cho i r of the ca the d ra l a t N a n t z, h a s
'
two p roje ct ion s fromthe a rmou r on h i s bre a fts th a t re fembl e re fls . His he lme t u nde r h i s h e a d,l ike th a t on it, h a s a flowe re d fron t le t, a nd ove r h i s ma i l gorge t he h a s the
co l l a r o f Ermine s . His a rmou r is p l a te d the l ion unde r h is fe e t ho lds in h is
mou th a l a be l, wi th h is mo tto, A ma v ie .
Anothe r infirume nt in the h a nds of fome figu re s is the ma ce , a s in th a t of
one of Ph i l ip the F a i r’s a t te nda nt s, wh e n J e h a n de Me un pre fe nte d his tra nfla
t ion of Boe tiu s de C onfo l a tione ’, a nd of our H e nry V . whe n John de G a lope s
p re fe nte d h is tra nfla tion o f Bona ve ntu re ’s L ife of Chrifi I,re col l e 6t bu t one
infia nce of a'
ma ce on monume n t s, a nd th a t is on the bra fs o f John Borre l a t
Brox bou rn, 1 5 3 1 .
The rich ca p a rifon of horfe s ma y be fe e n in the p e d ime n ts of the tombs ofEdmu nd e a rl of L a nca fie r a nd Ayme r de V a le nce a t W e fiminfie r, a nd of Sir
Hugh H a ltyngs a t Elfing.
fa s t ing .Il l /I .
Og od cum fcflinntione pe rqu ira t qncndam pulchmm gl a dium e t fca ubcrg ejufd. dc fe rico , ct pomcl lum dc a rge ntobe ne ct o rna te coopcriri, e t qu a mda m pu lchra m z onam cidcm a ppe ndi fa cia l , de que rcx Ale xa ndrina : rcgcm Scociz
cingulo m1l1ta n de cora te poire t. Rot. Cl a uf. 6 He n. III. 111. 3 1.t 111. wCol. 1636. II. c. 77. p . 1 30.
7 On Milton, p . 1 79. As you like it, A0 1. Sa l".
Monti . I I. x . Archt ol I I I. 194 .
[ 61 ]
The cle rica l h a bi t o f the t ime s ma y be l e a rn t from va riou smonume n t s bo th
of d ign ifie d a nd infe rior cl e rgy . Pre l a te s a nd a bba ts a dd to the common pon
tifica l i a On l y the mitre , cro iie r, a nd glov e s, a nd a more co fl ly fa lhion of t r im
ming the robe s .
Mr. Lewi s h a s thu s de fcribe d th e h a bi t o f a prie li i l lu ftra te d with a n e xamp le
of -a bra fs figu re o f Thoma s C a rd ifl", 1 5 1 5 , in St. John’s chu rch, Ma rga te .
The u ppe r ve ftme nt wa s a clo fe Cope l ik e a fu rp l ice wi thou t fle e ve s, wi th
a (l a nd ing ca p e . Unde r th a t wa s the Cba/ub/e or Cbefible , a for t o f cope op e n
on l y on the t ide s, a nd worn a t ma fs bo th by th e p rie li , who h a s i t rou nd a t
bo ttom, a nd by h is a lh ll a nts a nd the fubde a con, who h a ve i t fqu a re . As hel i fts u p h is h a nds from u nde r the c lofe ca pe a re fe e n the fl e e ve s of the Alb
(o n which a re two fl a p s) which h e we a rs u nde r the Cbeyilz le .- On hi s l e ft:
fid e , ju li u nd e r the Al b, is fe e n the e nd o f the fl a nne n , or ma mfle,a s i t i s
ca l le d , which the p rie li we a rs rou nd h is le ft a rm wh e n he ce le bra te s ma fs . I twa s firfl wo rn in imi t a t ion o f the J ewifh or Pa ga n p rie fl s, who u fe d a towe l or
n a pk in whe n off e ring bu rnt fa crifice s . I t i s embro ide re d rou nd with cro lTe s , a nd
fringe d a t the bottom. At e a ch fide o f the bo rde r o f the Che fibl e (wh ich is
l ike wife e mbro ide re d with croffe s) a ppe a r the two e nds o f the Stole , which th e
p rie fl s wo re a bou t the i r ne ck s o ve r the Alb. This a lfo is e mbro ide re d wi th a
crofs a nd fringe d a t the bottom. In the middle o f the borde r o f the Alb i s a no the r
fl a p e mbro ide re d with a cro fs, wi th which is inte rwove n the Gre e k X.
One o f the riche it figu re s o f wh a t fe ems to be a p ri va te prie fi is th a t of
a l a ba ll e r in the No rth tra nfe pt o f B e ve rle y minfie r. H is Alb i s fringe d, a s
we l l a s hi s M a n ip le , a nd o ve r his Ch e fibl e fa l l s in fron t a rich p a il or fca rf.
On the h e m o f the Alb a re the re fh ie lds ; a ch e vron be twe e n th re e e fca l lop s,
a nd fe me dc l is a fa l tire imp a l ing thre e l ion s p a fi'
a nt gu a rda n t . At h is fe e t a l ion ,a nd u nde r h i s he a d, which is co ve re d wi th a cow], two a nge l s ho ld a cu fh ion .
In the po rch a t th e doo r of the chu rch of the a bbe y o f Port Roy a l in Fra ncei s th e tomb o f a p rie li h abite d in h is fa ce rdota l ve llme nts , a e l m/a bl e rou nd on a l l
fide s, a nd not fco llopt‘
, ra ife d u p on his a rms, fo a s to fo rm a po in t be fo re
a nd be hind ; his ma m'
ple no bro a de r a t bottom th a n top, a s we l l a s the fl a ir,
which is not cro ft on the bre a ft, bu t worn a s a t pre fe nt by bifll OpS, C a rthu fia n s,
a nd the a nt ie nt mo nks; o f Clu n y, who in th is infl a nce h a ve a dopte d no n ew
mode His a lbe a t. bo ttom h a s o rn a me n t s con forma ble to th e oth e r orn ame n ts
fuch a s is ca l le d in brie fs Alba p a ra ta , a nd fl il l u fe d in ca th e d ra l s a nd a n t ie n t
a bbie s 3 .A s a ma t te r o f cu rio fi ty me re ly, i t ma y be me n t ion e d the re i s fiil l rema in ing in
the MS l ibra ry a t La mbe th ‘ the h a bi t o f a p rie li , co nfifii ng-o f a Ro le , m a n ip le ,
ch a fuble , co rd, two ba nds ma rk e d wi th the le tte r P. a nd the co rpo ra l, toge th e rwi th a crucifix o f ba fe me t a l, with a firing o f be a d s, a nd a bo x of re l ics .
In the chu rch o f St . Andrew a t Pa ris i s a tomb with a figu re in re l ie f of
a pr ie li in his fa ce rdota l h a bi ts a nd che iibl e , a fte r the a nt ie n t fa fh ion, wi th a n
a mice on his he a d, fa l fe l y a fcribe d to An thony de Montholon lo rd of l a Pl e ife ,
who d i e d 169 4 , a nd wa s on l y a n Au ditor of Accoun t s . Bu t bo th the d a t e a nd
the d re (s con t ra d ict th i s fuppofition, a nd i t i s more p roba bl y the tomb of one
o f his a nce it ors , p e rh a ps J a cque s de Montholon ca non a nd gre a t a rchde a cono f Ch a rtre s, (on of the k e e pe r of the fe a ls o f th a t n ame 5 .
Se e Le wis ‘
s Hi ll . of the l fle of Tli a nct, p . 14 1 . fe cond Edit. Pe te r de La cy, re él or of Northfle e t; 1 375. John
Gro thnrfl,rcfl o r' o f Ho rfma ndcn ; Ra du lf Wo lfe , re fl or o f Tunfia l l, 1 5 2 5 ; a nd John Seys, re a c t of We ll Ki nny,
c . Be rks , 1 3 a re mo re fut h infla nre s .
(Ma mba -e . Molt e n. Voya ge l it. p. 1 36.
Dr Dnca re l . in MS Hifl o ry o f La mbe th Pa la ce .
Le Bmu f, Hill. du dice . de P a ris, 11. 46 1.
clii
The h a bi t o f monks, ifwe wa n te d e x amp le s, ma y be fe e n on the fide s of the
tomb o f bifhop =Bu rghe rfh a t Lincol n .
Prior B a he re h a s the fa me h a bi t on his tomb ; a nd fo h a ve the two monkswho kn e e l on e a ch fide o f him ; but the y a re mifre pre fe nte d in flowing h a ir,whe re a s the y re a l l y a re fho rne .
Th e o ld Sa l ifbury hi ll tops , a nd o ne coe va l difcdv e re d a t Gl a flonbu ry, 1 7 8 3 ,
now fix t u p in the a bba t’
s k itche n, a re h a bi te d a s prie ll s , the ma n ip le e x
ce pte d ; a nd Roge r, a s l fuppo fe him, h a s down h is bre a il in a dd it ion to his
h a bi t a p a l ], whe re on i s the infcription which (0 po inte dl y ma rks him inmye ye s . Se e Pl . IV .
Robe rt W a lde by a rchbi lhop of Dubl in a nd York, 1 3 97 , h a s the comp le teh a bi t wi th ma n ip le , p a l l , a nd fringe :B ifhop Burghe rlh , a t Linco ln, is r ichly h a bi te d a nd fringe d, bu t h is m i tre
gone .
Archbifhop La ngh am a nd bi lh op Goodrich h a Ve a double fringe .
Archbilhop Wo lfi'
a n, bu rie d in Ely ca the dra l, whe n re mo'
ve d by bilh op Nige l
in to the No rthWe ll o f the cho i r, wa s fou nd in h is ca fu l a a nd p a l l ium fa fie n e dtoge th e r wi th gi lt p in sB i ll i op Ingl e thorp, a t Roche fie r, 1 2 9 1 , a pp e a rs to h a ve th e ma n ipl e . H e
a nd bi (hop St. M a rt in the re , a re cop i e s o f the Ma rga te pri e li , a s i sthe bra fs figu re o f bi lhop Goodrich a t Ely
, 1 5 5 4 , onwhich he be a rs th e gre a tfe a l a s ch a nce l lor ’
. Biih op He a ton a t Ely, h a s the pontifica l robe wi thou t themi tre 3
.
Lu x embu rgh bifhop o f El y, 1 4 4 3 , i s the onl y infl a nce of a ca rdin a l ’s figu rea nd h a bit a mong u s 4 . Archbil hops La ngh am a nd Cou rtn e y, a nd bifhop Be a ufo rt, the on l y p re l a te s ra ife d to th a t d ign it y who h a ve monume n t s with figu re s011 the m a mong u s, a re conte n t to we a r th e i r mitre s . Kemp a nd Wolfe y
’s h a ts
a p pe a r on l y on the ga t e s e re él e d by them a t C a wood a nd Chrifichu rch .
The cope s o f ma ny o f ou r p re l a te s, bo th in {ton e a nd bra fs, a re th ick fe twi th fa ints a nd a po il le s. B ifhop W a ltha m, in th e Con fe fl
’
or’s ch a pe l, h a s them
down his p a l l in fron t, whe re bi lh op Roge r h a s a n infcription . The cop e s ofThoma s Eyre a nd John Newcou rt, de a n s of St . Pa u l s, 1 4 00 a nd 1 4 8 5 . W ill i am
Rythyn mino r ca non, 1 4 00, in the fa me ca the dra l , a re ri chl y embro ide re d withfuch figu re s, a nd e ve n fcripture bi ll ory.B ifhop Fit z Hugh ha s a rich embro ide re d roche t . B iIhOp B ra ybrook , Thoma s
Ok e fo rd , R ich a rd L ichfie ld, Roge r Bra ba fon , ca non s : De a n Worfle y, Dr. Gre n e ,h a v e r ich embro ide re d fa c ings to th e irs .B ifhop H e a ton, 1 609 , a t Ely, i s a fingu l a r infia nce of a bilh op a fte r tbe Refor
ma tion h a ving fa ints embro ide re d on h is cope .
I a m to ld, biih op Wyk e ha m‘s robe , ke pt a t Newcol l e ge , is fa ce d with filk
a nd the bu tton s a re rubie s .The j ewe l s on the ba ck o f the i r glove s a re not confine d to a rchbifhop s, a s
a ppe a rs on thofe o f Be tun , Me lu n , Fo l io t, a nd Bru fe , bifhops of He re ford ;bi(h opKu tha l l o f Du rh am. a rchbi lh op Gre y a t Yo rk, Pe ckh am a nd La ngton a t C a n
te rbu ry ; a bbo t Ramridge , a t St . Alba ns ; H awford a bbot o f Eve fh am,a t Wor
ce ll e r ; a lfo a bbo t Co lche fie r o fW e fiminil e r, in D a rt’s p rint, bu t not a t p re fe nt .
Archbi lhop Kemp‘s glo ve s a re ye l low, a nd we l l rcpre fe nte d in the ma rri a ge of
H e n ry V I 5 .La ngton bifltop o f Lichfie ld a nd Co ve n t ry, 1 3 2 1 , h a s glo ve s mo re firongly
e x pre il e d . H e ha s a j ewe l e n cro i x on h is bre a lt : fo h a s th e figu re ca l le d Confl a ntine the Gre a t in York min fte r. De a n Aqu a bl a nc h a s a loze nge .
Atit a tit (pinis a ffix um.
Se e Be ntha m, pl . XXV. lb. I’ l . XXVI. lb . Pl. X IX.5 Wa lp, Ane cd. of Pa inting. I. 37.
c1111 3
The u fu a l polture df p re late s’ right h a nds is to be l ifted up,with the two fore
finge rs e xte nde d, gi v ing the be ne d iction .
The mit re s o f C l i riitia n p re l a te s we re borrowe d from the Ap ex or Tutu/m ofthe Fl ame n Di a l is '
In the col le gi a t e chu rch o f St . Ma rce l‘
a t Pa ri s_ i s th e tomb of the ce lebra te d
Pe te r Lomba rd, who d ie d biihop of P a ris, 1 1 60 . His figu re a nd infcription
a re not o f th a t t ime ; bu t a bove a n hundre d ye a rs l a te r, a s i s thought from the
be tgbt of tbe mme
The mi t re s o f a bbots diff e re d a l i tt le from tho fe o f bifhop s, who ca rri e d the ir
crofie rs in the i r le ft h a nd , bu t the a bbo t s in the r ight .
3 In the proce fii on ro l l,3 He nry V I I I . the a bbo ts a re d rawn with ba ron s‘ ca p s, not mit re s, a s MS Alhmo le , bu t in the p a rl i a me n t hou fe , _
1 5 He nry V I I I. the y a re d rawn wit hmi tre s on th e ir h e a ds, a s F idde s‘ Life o f W o lfe y, p . 3 03 . Mitre d a bbo ts h a d
e pifcop a l a u thorit y wi th in th e i r own l imits, a nd we re e xempte d from the ju rifd ic
'
tion o f the dioce fa n , bu twe re not a lwa ys fummone d to p a rli ame nt nor ne ce f
fa i l ly fo i n con fe qu e nce o f be ing mi tre d .4
Mr. Bridge s5 de fcribe s in W a p e nh am chu rch
,n e a rTowce il e r, in the middle
a i le , unde r the p u lp i t, p a rt of the bra fs pourtra itu re of a re l igiou s p e rfon;mi t re d, wi th a l a be l o u t o f h is mou th, infcribe d I/J u , me rcy ! a nd fou r fh ie lds,to rn from the co rn e rs of the fla b.
The ru le s be fore me n t ione d from Anfe lm‘
s P a l a i s de I’Honne u r," fa y, As
to wh a t conce rn s e ccl e fia ftics i t is u fu a l to re pre fe nt them clothe d in the i r
fa ce rdota l h a bi ts , th e ca non s wi th the furpl ice , fqu a re c a p, a nd a umafi'
e or
a mice ; a bbo t s with the i r mi t re s a nd crofie rs tu rne d to the l e ft ; bifhops wi ththe ir gre a t cop e s, the i r glove s on the i r h a nds, ho ld ing th e ir crofie rs wi th the i rl e ft h a nds, a nd fe eming to gi ve th e be ne d ict ion wi th th e right ; the i r mi tre s
on the i r he a ds, a nd the i r a rmo ria l be a rings round the i r tombs, fupporte d bya nge l s. Pope s, C a rdin a ls, Pa t ri a rchs, a nd Archbifhops, a re l ik ewife a ll re pre b
{e nte d in th e i r o ffici a l h a bits .”
The v a rie t i e s of crofie r_he a ds a re infin ite from th e p l a in one in bilhop
Gro il e d’s coffin to the highly fin ilh e d one of biihop Wickh a rn a t New Co l le ge ,
Oxfo rd . The ho l y L a mb i s u fu a l ly p l a ce d wi th in the circle of the crofie r, but
in Wyke h a m’ s hi s own figu re on his kn e e s .
The a bba t i a l fl a il"
wa s a p a il ora l crook of the fimpl e ft fo rm, ba re l y cu rle dl ik e thofe o f the two a nt ie nt biIhOps, a nd bilh op Poo re
6
, a t Sa l i lbury, a nd the
a bbo ts a t Pe te rbo rough . Th a t o f Ph il ip H awfo rd'
l a fl: a bbo t of Eve ih a m, in
Worce fl e r ca the d ra l , i s more l ike a be a d le 's fl a il"
, withou t a ny cu rv e a t top ;
foch a n one is in bi(hop Bridpo rt‘s h a nds a t Sa l ifbu ry, 1 2 63 , a nd the re i s no
a ppe a ra nce o f its h a ving be e n longe r. B ifhop Fa nconbe rg, 1 2 2 8 , in Old St .
P a u l's,h a s foch a nothe r, more l ik e a m a ce th a n a crofie r ’
. An a bbe fs a t
Kln liow, c. B e dfo rd, h a s a more orn a me nt e d on e o f the u fu a l fo rm.
The p a ll ora l {ta il o f the a rchbifhop s of Rou e n a ny more tha n th a t of a n t ie n t
bi lh ops a nd a bbo ts, i s not be n t, a s we fe e i t on th e i r tombs, for the l a ft 3 00
y e a rs. I t h a s o n l y o n the top a kind o f nob (pomme) on the top of a ca n e . In
l a te r t ime s i t h a s be e n rcpre fe nte d l ik e a ih e phe rd’
s crook ; a nd a fte rwa rds the
e nd wa s tu rne d up , a s we fe e a t pre fe nt1_
The re fe ems no grou nd for Mr. Goll l ing’
s conj e ctu re , th a t th e p a flora l fla ff'
wa s de ri ve d from the Iituzu ’, the rude it re pre fe n ta tion a pp ro a ching ne a re r
to the fh e phe rd’s crook .
Fa l ll e r, I I . Pa t n Su e ton . init Pa ncirol.The fa ur. Va r. Le ft. 1. 85. La ndini Numifm. p. 1 6.
c tr n f, l l i ll . d 11 vil le & dioc. dc Pa ris, I. 97.3 Anil is 111 Appe ndix to Fidde s ’ Life of Wolfcy, p. 1 13.
Ta n. Nu t. Mon f.
No rtha mptonlh .
PLXII.7 B ogd.
Molcou, Voya ge liturgique de Fra nce , p. 3 71. 9 5 11ml , Rgpe n ' 11 , m4 ,
cl i v
The Pe t e rborough a bbots, a l l but one , . tre a d on double or fingl e he a dcd
dra gons , whom th e y p i e rce wi th th e i r fia v e s, e x p re ifive o f the t ri umphs'
o f
Chritl i a n ity ove r the o ld fe rpe nt (0 doe s the o ld bifli op a t Sa l ifbury, a nd o th e rs .“ Al l the a rchbifh ops in Rou e n ca the dra l h a ve the i r f a ce s tu rne d to the Ea tt,
l ike a l l tho fe tha t l h a ve fe e n in o th e r p l a ce s ma de be fore th e 1 6th ce n tu ry ,wh ich ih ews th a t the cont ra ry cu it om o f bu ry ing biih op s a nd p rie fls a t p re fe nt
wit h the i r f a ce to the W e lt, is a ltoge th e r modem . The n ew ritu a l of Rhe ims,Se n s, Me ts, a nd the Ambrofi a n, orde r th a t the y (hou ld be bu ri e d wi th the i r fa ce sto th e B a ll , l ik e the l a ity
“The n ew ' ritu a l o f Rh e ims, 1 67 7 , o rd a in s, th'
a t, -a cco rding to the a nt i e n tcuflom,
the prie il s (hou ld be bu rie d in the fa me ma nne r a s the l a it y, (0 a s to
h a ve the i r h e a ds towa rds the door or bot tom o f the chu rch, _a nd the ir fe e t to the
a l t a r ; a nd we fe e the biih op s, a bbots , a nd prie lts, on the a n t i e n t tombs foL ewi s de Be l l a mon te bi(hop of Du rh a m, who d ie d 1 3 1 7 , h a d, be fore the
h igh a lt a r in the cho i r a mo lt cu riou s a nd fumptuou s ma rble ftone,which h e
p re p a re d fo r himfe l f be fore he d ie d, be ing a dorne d with mo(t e xce l le n t workm a nf hip of bra fs, whe re on he wa s mo(t e xce l le n t l y a nd l i ve l y p ieture d a s he
wa s a ccu tl omcd to ti ng or fa y ma fs, wi th h i s mi t re on h is he a d a nd his crofie r
ita fl'
in his h a nd, wi th two a nge l s fine l y p iétu re d, one on the one fid e o f h ish e a d, a nd the o the r on the o the r fide , wi th ce n fe rs in th e ir h a nds ce nfing h im,
a nd con ta in ing a lfo mo (t e x qu ifite p iétu re s a nd ima ge s of the twe l ve a po il l e s
d i v ide d a nd borde re d on e ith e r fide of him ; a nd mm them a re borde re d on
e a ch tide of the twe l ve a po ii l e s, in a noth e r borde r the p iétu re s o f h is a nce ii orsin the i r co a ts of a rms be ing o f the blood roya l of Fra nce , be ing a
'
white l ion
p l a ce d u pon the bre a it of h i s ve fime nt, u nde rne a th the 067731 3 o f h is bre a ftwi thflowe r de luce s a bou t the l ion , a nd two l ion s p ié
’
ture d, one u nde r on e foo t ofhim a nd the o th e r u nde r h is o th e r foo t, fupporting a nd ho ld ing u p his
cro ii e r fi a fi"
, his fe e t a djo ining a nd {l a nd ing u pon the {a id l ion s a nd o the r twol ion s be ne a th th em, th e n e the rmo ft borde r of a l l be ing mo lt a rt fu l l y wroughta nd fe t fo rth a l l in bra fs, ma n ife fll y be a u t i fy ing the fa id trougb‘ of ma rble ,whe re in wa s gra v e n in bra fs fuch d i v in e fa yings of fcrip tu re which he ha d p e
cu l ia rl y fe l e ét e d for h is i’
piritu a l confo l a tion , a t foch t ime a s it i hou ld p l e a fe GODto c a l l him ou t of th is mo rt a l l i fe a s the fo l lowing
Ep ita phiumIn Ga l l ia n a tu s
,
De Be l l amonte ja ce t hic Ludovicu s huma tus
Nobi l i s e x fonte re gum comitumq’cre a tu s,
Prae fu l in h a c fe de ca a l i be te to r in a zde
Prze te rie ns Gite , memora ns qu a ntu s fu i t ifie ,C ce lo qu a m d igo n s, ju itu s, p iu s, a tqu e be n ignus ,D a p ii lis a c hil a ris , inimicu s femp e r a v a ris .
Sup e r ca pu tCre do quod re demp to r me u s v ivit, $
90. 89
9
In pe étore
Re pofita e ll h a z e fp e s me a in finu me o.
Domine mife re re .
Ad d e x tra m
Con fors fi t fa néti s Ludovicu s in a rce Ton a rrt is .
Ad fin iftra m :
Sp i ri tu s a d Chrifium qu i fa ngu ine l ibe ra t ifiqMol e on, Voy. l it. p . 2 73 . 1h,
3
4 Q “fi’h 0“a l ta r tnmb, "01 l l nfre que n t ly calle d to in the North of Engla nd.
5 As on bifh op Gra ve fe nd’
s, a t Lincoln , p . 60. film c or,re d o r o f Be nifie ld a nd Lufwie k , c. Northa mpton .
B ridge , l l . a nd othe rs a ll 'o iff u ing from a he a rt on a bra is pla te o f nvica r churc h, Ma rgu e . Le wis'sTa ne t , p , 78. a nd on the tomb e fq. 1 5 16. in F awney church, c. Northampton.
_
Bridge r, l . 68 .
1° ‘ Antiquitie s ofDurha m
, p . 19, a c ,
[ cl vi ]
Th e‘
o lde ft o rigina l p a in tings of bifhops in th e i r h a bit s of ce remon y ma y be
fu p pofe d thofe in the No rth wa l l o f the o ld cho i r a t El y,bu i l t in the re ign of
Edwa rd Il l . which, be fo re the remo va l o f the cho i r to it s p re fe nt fitu a t ion,
we re co p i e d by Mr. Tyfon, 1 769 , who ga ve th e m, 1 77 8 , to Mr. Cole ..From
the l a fi o f the fe.
ge n t leme n I re ce i ve d th em, for the pu rpofe o f h a ving th em
e ngra ve d for th is wo rk . The a ccou n t o f them in the o ld MS Liée r Elienfi:
now in the h a nds o f the De a n a nd Ch a p te r, i s in the fe words : l fi i fu nt confe fi
'
ore s Chrifi i quorum co rpora j a ce n t e x p a rte a qu i lon a ri chori e ccl e fte El ie nfis
in loce l l is fe p a ra tim in p a rie te l a p ide o . [V I/lun a r Ebora ce nfis a rchie pifcopu s,
O/mz mdwe pu s Swe the d a re g ione , H a l/whim He lma me nfis e pu s, Elfga ruj He lma me nfis e pus, Ednodw a bba s Ra myfie nfis e pu s. Lincolni e nfis, fl dtbe l/Za nu :
He lma mcu fis e pn s, B ritfinoa’
ur du x North a nimbrorum fi re nu ifhmus .” Th e yw
'
e re brought th ithe r from the old con ve n tu a l chu rch in the re ign-of Ste phe n by
Nige l lu s bifltop o f Ely, a nd the i r n a me s we re .leg'
ible o v e r the ir p a in te d e ffigie sThe y we re fou nd on t a k ing down the wa l l . . The ma nne r o f the ir difpofition wa sc x a étl y con fo rma ble to the a bo ve a ccoun t, the bon e s o f e a ch be ing p la ce d in fe p ar a te ce l l s, e a ch ce l l twe nty-two inche s long, fe ve n broa d, a nd .e ighte e n de e p,wi thin the wa l l, u nd e r the i r fe ve ra l n a me s a nd p a in te d e ffigie s,
'
e a ch figu retwo fe e t five inche s a nd thre e qu a rte rs h igh . The y we re pu t, 1 77 1 , in to diftinét ca fe s, a nd de po li te d u nde r th e a rch of bifl iOp W e fi’
s tomb in his ch a p e l ,with the i r n ame s a nd d a te s p a in te d on the front o ve r a rowof fma l l Gothicn iche s of {tone oorre fponding wi th the ce l ls,
‘
a nd a n infcri p tion ove r a l l .
Ove r fig.
1 . W ’l fi a nu s e pu s H e lmame nfis .
2 . Ofmundu s e p’
s [in Su e the da re gione ]Alwin’
e pus H e lma me nfis .
Elfga r e pu s He lma me nfis .
Ednodu s e p‘
s Lyncoln ie nfis .
Athe lfia nu s e p’
s He lmam’
fis .
7 . Brythnodus dux Northa nympbrorum.
G
in
-Pi
t»
Among the monume n ts o f D a n ifh nobi l it y 3, publiihe d by Kle re nfe ld, i s abra fs on e o f a n a rchbilhop, 1 4 97 , a t Lu nde n , pontifica l l y h a bit e d , with 5.d oubl e fri nge to h is fio l e , l ik e a rchbilhop L a ngton , a nd on his a lbe a flowe ra s on th a t of C a rdifl
'
. H is a rms a nd h a nds a re croft, in h is right a crofs ; a nd
a t his right e lbow a crofie r. The he lme ts on his a rms a re furmou nte d by a
crofie r. The infcription round the tomb i s in our
'
common bl a ck le t te r, be twe e na double borde r o f vin e bra nch e s
,a nd a t the corne rs the fymbol s o f the e v a n
ge lifi s wi th l a be l s .
fla ir. ra ter. rcbe rEbtfll ’. i . r“
. pa te r. hi s . bii a . 30m. brott rnup. 111. 36 . 1106115 . a rep’ mos.
rustle . p’ma s . ct. a ph
'
re . reu'. lega t
°
. bu. ne tte tozu. ba ta l tui’
. ill a . rtflerta t. T. pa n(1. 0. um. 111
°
1 b 97.
A bra fs figu re o f a p rie it in Gre a t Adington chu rch , c. North ampton h a s
on his bre a d: I I—IC, p e rh a p s the bo lt . Ano the r (0 e a rl y a s 1 2 86, a t H igh a mFe rra rs -in the fa me coun t y 5
, jfl'
li ED“mife tn‘
z me t.john Grothti rit re cto r o f Horfma nde n chu rch in K e nt h a s be h ind h is
e le v a te d h a nds a fcro l l re cit ing hi s gift to B e yh a m a bbe y .
'
ffDutmutt he iLebefhotbc a bba ti ct tonbttttt ube
firebamme a n tnbttttenbum 111111111 perpetttum ra ptua
ntim te lebta ntcm tn eccl efia Dz ta ct fnttottbtntt z et re pt i le he
iLoncfbotbc‘.
Be ntha m"Ely, 8 5. 2lb. 1 8 5 , 1 86. Arche ol. I I . 365 .
Nobilita s Da l i: e x monume ntis cu ra n t: T. de 1 3 fol . pla te n.
Bri dge s, I L 3 05 . l b. 175. Thorpe , Re g. Roff . p . 891 .
Cha ucer
clv i i i
The on l y cl a fs o f l a yme n , e xce pt the mi l i ta ry, fe em to h a ve be e n B a rgeflé'
r
a nd Me rcha nt: of [be Sta pl e . Th e fe a re chie fly to be fou nd in bo rough town s,o r th e p a ro chi a l chu rch e s of l a rge comme rc i a l cou n t ie s wh e re th e woo l le n ma nu
f a ctu re flo u ri lh e d . W h a t a pro fu lion o f workma n ihip wa s difpl a ye d on the i r
monume n t s a ppe a rs by thofe o f the ma yo r o r burge fs o f Lynn e , the Cloth ie rso f C ampde n a nd North Le a ch , a nd o th e r infia nce s in the we a lthy coun t ie s ofNorfo lk , Suff o lk , a nd Glo uce fle r.
The firfl iu ll a nce I h a ve to gi ve o f a l a y h a bi t o f a bu rge fs i s th a t o f Si r
W i l l i a m De l a po le fa th e r o f the firlt e a rl o f Su ff o lk o f th a t n ame ' who, on
h is tomb a t Hu l l, i s h a bi te d in a clo a k with a fta nding ca p e a nd bu tton s in
e qu i-difta nt fe ts o f th re e , o v e r a clofe co a t ope n a t the kne e s, a nd bu ttone da t the wa i ft wi th the fa me a rra ngeme n t, a nd wi th a fu l l rowon the clo fe fle e ve s,
which be fo re th e y re a ch e d the wrifis h a d fome kind o f p l a i t or o rn a me n t . Ata n orna mente d gird le h a ngs by a p l a in be lt a cou te a u . H e we a rs h is h a i r, fork e dhe a rd, whitk e rs , a nd “1068 . H is wi fe o v e r he r tu n ic h a s a gown bu tton e d tothe wa i ft
,a nd from the nce op e n be low; th e fle e ve s clofe a nd bu ttone d to the
ba ck o f the h a nd s, a nd ove r he r f hou l de rs, p a fii ng u nde r he r a rms, a look
c loa k ; ove r he r h e a d a v e i l h e a ddre fs .The n e x t i s the burge fs o f Lynn e , wi th a more fpl e ndid mon ume n t of
bra fs h a bi te d in a p l a in clo fe co a t fl i t a nd tu rne d ba ck from the kn e e s downwa rds, , a nd l a ce d on the fl it a nd hem,
with long clofe fle e ve s bu ttone d from the
e lbows to the wrift, a nd long h a nging fle e ve s from the e lbows ; {ta nd ing ca pe
op e n in fron t fa l le n down ftock ings d a rk a nd coa rfe ; h is poin te d lh oe s
f a fte ne d on the in lte p wi th a l a ce or l a tch e t. The five me n a t the tide of the
ca nopy a re h a bi te d on e in a ibo rt co a t bu ttone d in fron t with long h a nging fle e ve s,
p ik e d ( hoe s , one with the hofe , a ha t fa fte n e d a s a n hood u nde r the ch in the
fe cond in a l ik e fho rt coa t gi rt with a be l t, a nd a (ho rt clo a k o ve r the fhou lde rs a hoode d ca p on the h e a d : the thi rd a long clo a k bu tton e d on the
bre a ft wh e nce the h a nds jo ft ifl‘
u e : th e fou rth a ( hort clo a k bu ttone d on the bre a ft,a nd p l a ite d a t th e l k irts, which do no t re a ch to th e k ne e s ; the fifth is in a
co a t, a nd clo a k on l y o ve r the le ft fhou lde r, a nd h e ld up to the wa itt : th e fe
two l a ft h a ve the hoode d h a t, a nd a l l h a ve the p ik e d {h oe s a nd ho fe o f one p ie ce .
John ch a te l a in o f Thorote a nd h is wi fe , 1 3 2 5 a nd 1 3 5 3 , in Orca mp a bbe y,v e ry much re fembl e this bu rge fs a nd his two wi ve s .
The princip a l figu re s o f the .me n a t the fe a fi be low a re h a bi te d in l ongclo a k s o ve r clore co a ts with fle e v e s , hoode d h a ts or ca p s
3.
I t ha s be e n fugge l‘
te d to me by a n inge n iou s fri e nd, th a t the muficia ns, who
a re two me n blowing t rumpe ts , a nd a l it tl e boy with a p ip e , a pp e a r a s if fewn u p
clofe in l e a th e r drcffe s, to th ew the lh a pe o f the bod ie s ; a circumfla nce he h a s
h e a rd o r re a d, not uu u fu ztl in gre a t e nte rt a inme n ts .Robe rt Atte l a the , a no th e r bu rge fs o f th i s we a lth y co rpora t ion , i s my th i rd
e x a mp le ‘. H e is h a bi t e d in a c loa k wi th a {l a nding c a p e , fa l l ing o ff hi s
r ight ihou lde r a nd o ve r h is le ft a rm, cove ring a clofe co a t girt rou nd the wa ift,a nd bu ttone d from a l i tt l e a bo ve the gi rd le down to the infie p , wi th bu tton s in
p a irs . The fle e v e s o f th is co a t a re bu ttone d a t the wrift, a nd on the ba ck o f
the h a nds i s a h a l f-glo ve o f a rich flowe re d p a t te rn . H is { ho e s a re p ike d, a nd
fa fte ne d o n the in i’tcp, with a buck le . H e we a rs his h a ir in buck le s, f bo rtwhi lk e rs , a nd a il i o rt d i vide d be a rd .
j ohn Fo u nt a in, who d ie d 1 4 0 3 , is rcp re fe nte d on his bra fs a t N a rford in a
long p l a i t e d co a t gi rt a bo ut hi s wa ifi,wi th a bro a d be l t, a (l a nd ing ca pe , a nd o n
his h e a d a ro und c a p l ik e a bowl . l l i s thie e wi ve s h a ve the long p l a it e d gown
m. XLVI p Pl XLV H u g3 So Cha uce r dcfcribe s his me re ‘
i a nt, And on hisp
hcd he wore a Fla a Jb ba t/er ba t. L'
bi top . 371 .
Pl . XXXVl . p l o t .
[ Cl ix ]
with a
'
bro a d be lt a t the wa ift, a nd {l a nding ca pe s, a nd two h a ve on the ir he a dthe l a te lt im it a t ion of the mi tre d he a ddre fs wi th the fa l l ing ve i l, a nd the th i rdh a s the v e il on ly .
The firft of the fe infta nce s wa s th e ve ry Fra nk /emof Cha uce r
An a ne la ce a nd a gip e ie r e a l l of filk
Hu ng a t his gi rd le wh ite a s morwe m i lk ;A fhe re ve h a d he be n a nd a con tou r ;W a s no whe re fwich a wo rthy v a va four.
At fe fli ons the r Wa s h e lord a nd fire ,
Fu l ofte n time he wa s kn ight of th e fhire .
The a ne l a ce wa s a kn ife or d a gge r ufu a l l yworn a t the girdl e . Ma tth ewPa r i sde fcribe s Pe te r de R iva u l x a s ge fia ns a ne la cia m a d l a mba r e qu a d cle ricum mm
de ce ba l .” The five ci t y me ch a n ics inCh a uce r a re de fcribe d a swe a ring kn i v e s, a nd
p roba bl y a t the i r girdl e s .
H it kn i ve s we re ycba pe d not mirb bra t,B ut a l l wi th filve r wrought fu l l e le ne a nd we lHir girde l e s a nd h ir pouche s e ve ry d e l .
Se e a ve ry goo d re pre fe nta tion o f one a t the l e ft fide of the gi rdle ofWill i amGre ve l a t C a mpde n .
Th is a t the fide o f a bra fs figu re in B a ldock chu rch be fore de fcribe d
h a s a l e fl'
e r kn ife infe rte d in i ts fca bba rd.
Occle ve ’ s piéture of Cha u ce r re pre fe nts h imwi th a kn ife h a nging from a but
ton on h is bre a fl', proba bl y a Sbeflz‘
e/d wbittle .
The {hip -ma n h a d
A d a gge r h a nging by a [a t [l a ce ]Abou t h i s ne ck u nde r h i s a rm a doune
On foch a we a pon we ma y fu ppofe the king-ma k ing e a rl of Wa rwick’s ro a flbe e f wa s Ca rrie d awa y by h is gu e fts . W ith fuch a n one the e a r l Ma rt
’
h a l l wa sfia bbe d in the ba ck by a n Irifhma n, who l ifte d up h i s co a t of ma il 5 a nd p lunge dh is a n e l a ce u p to the hi lt ‘
.
The gipcie re , Fr. Gibe a'
e re , wa s a purfe ; of wh ich he re a fte r.
Ch a u ce r’s ch a ra cte r of h is tra de fme n in th e i r l i v e ry-me n’s gown s, i s, th a t
th e y we re fit to ma k e a lde rme n
W e l feme d e che o f hem a f a yre bu rge i s
To fitte n in a gi ld h a l le on the de i s 7.
i . e . a t the u p pe r e nd o f the h a l l on the hufiings or ra ife d floo r, as now a t the
Gu i ldh a l l o f th e c ity o f London, a nd in co l le ge h a l ls, a nd forme rl y in a l l h a l l s.
The Kn ight’ s fon the Squ i re in Ch a uce r
a wa s,a lu fty ba ch e lo r
W ith locke s e r a /1 a s tbey we re [a ide in pr efle ,Sho rt wa s h i s gown e with fle ve s long a nd wi de .
The Phyficia n in Ch a u ce r,In fa ngu in a nd in pe rfe h e cl a d wa s a l le
Line d with ta fi’
a ta a nd with fe nd a l l e ’.
Ubi fup. 1. 357—363 . P. 405 . 3 Ubi rup. I. 367— 370
l b. 1. 393 .5 brie fly /115141 74 11 410. Ma t. Pa ris , p . 400.
Ubi fup I. 371 . l b. 1. 80, B1. 93. l b.
[ cl x ]
The h a bi t o f a Judge ma y be fe e n on the monume nt of Ga fco ign e , a t H a t :
wood, c. Y ork . .H e a ppe a rs in a robe or ma n t l e , wi th long pu ffe d fle e ves e dge d
with e rmine , a nd Unde r th em {tra i t fle e ve s bu t tone d to the wriit , o ve r a tu n ic
gi rt wit h a be lt fludde d _wi th rofe s, wh e re a t h a ngs his a ne l a ce or d a gge r, a nd
u nde r h i s le ft e lbowhis pu f fe . On his he a d a nd fhou lde rs i s a co if co v e ringh is c a rs, which a ppe a rs th rough, a nd fa ll ing in a fla p a t the fide s of h is fa ce ,h is h a ir juft fe e n unde r i t.
Ch a uce r’s Se rge a n t o f the La wwa re a nd wife ,
H e rode but home l y, in a me d ice co te ,Girt wi th a f e int o f filk , with ba rre s fma l l
The Alde rma n‘s robe s occu r on the bra fs figu re of J e ffre ywnfy, 1 4 6 1 ,
in the chu rch of St. Cleme n t the Ma rt yr, a t Norwich 3
The h a bit o f a She riff o f London, 1 3 8 1 , fe e in John Lion s, p . 1 3 7 .
Stowe 4, fp e a king o f the p roce e d ings of the infu rge nts u nde r W a t Tyle r in
the re ign of Rich a rd l l . fa y s, Th e y took in h a nd to be he a d a l l me n o f l aw, a s
we l l a pp re n t ice s a s u t te r ba rrifie rs a nd o ld j ud ice s, wi th a l l the ju rors of th ecou n try whom the y might ge t in to th e i r h a nds . The y fp a re d non e whomth e y thought to be l e a rn e d, e fp e ci a l ly if th e y found a ny to [mm a p en a nd
inkborne a bout [Jim the y pu l le d o ff his hood, a nd a l l wi th one vo ycc crying,H a l e him out, a nd cu t off h is he ad .
” A tomb in the Nort h tra nfe pt a t Chri(t
Chu rch , Oxford, o f the i 6th ce ntu ry, ha s a n inkhorn a nd pe n-ca fe in comp a rtme n ts a t the fro n t a nd fide s , a nd noth ing e lfe rema ining to a fce rta in i t .
Ch a uce r’s Mi l l a r (who Wa s a l fo a th ie f ),
A white co te 8 :a blew hod e we re d he s
A fwe rd 8 : boke le r ba re h e by his fide
a nd th e Re ve got h i s ma fie r’s th a nks,
a nd ye t a co te a nd hood.A long furco te of p e rfe u pon h e h a de ,And by his fide he ba re a rufiy bl a de ;Tuck e d he wa s, a s is a fre re a bou t
Of th e Mil l a r of Trump ington Ch a uce r fa ys,
Ay by h is be l t he ba re a long p a va de ,And o f a fwe rd fu l t re nch a n t wa s the bl a de ;A jo l y poppe r ba re he in his pouch e ,Th e r a s no ma n for p e ri l d a re h im touchA She fe ld thwite l ba re he in his hofe 8
.
Pa v a de is a d a gge r, poppe r a bodkin , tbwite l a kn ife . Th e y a re
toge the r a s the M i l le r‘s de fe nfive we a pon s , a nd whoe ve r a ffron te dh im,
h e wo ld be (l a in of S imk inW i th pa va de , or wi th knife , or with bodkin
Thu s the poe t e xp l a in s himfe l f.
Ca '
n lun , girdle . 2C a nterb. Ta l e s, 1. 330. Blnmcf, l l .
Lo nd. p . 48 . Ubi 'fup . l. 566. lb. 1. 560. l b. 1. 614 . 6 19, 610.
Kcvc'x Ta lc, —
3 1. l b. 1. 3957—9.
cix u
Fu l d rong i t wa s of p l a te
And o v e r th a t - h is co te -a rmou re ,
(As whit e a s i s the l i l y fiou re )In which he wo ld de ba te
Mr.Tyrwhitt obfe rve s, i t i s difii cu l t
'to fa y wha t fort of clo th is me a n t byZz’ot e he re . Loe cke n, Be lg. fign ifie s both linen a nd
'wool/e rz cloth . Kil i a n .
The Ta ba rd wa s worn by ft he x nobil ity a nd .ge n t ry -in th e re igns of He n ry IV .
a nd V . I t wa s a fli ort co a t, wi thou t fle e ve s, a s {till worn by the he ra l ds, on
which th e ir a rms we re e mbro ide re d : whe nce the te rm, a coa t of a rms ; Fr.t ootl e d
'
a rme r. The co a t h a ving the cre l’t i n pro file wa s the'
fl e e ve or fide coa t.'
It i s o fte n found in po rt ra i tu re s in o ld gl a fs-windows ’
. In Qu e e n’s Co llege ,
Ox fo rd, a re fcho l a rs ca l le d Y a be rde rr, who wore fuch a n h a bi t . B e fore the
c i vi l wa r the fchol a rs o f New Coll ege we re obl ige d to we a r -a bl a ck ta bba rdo f fl ufi
'
a nd a ru ff whe n '
the y we n t a bro a d. Scho la rs o f o the r houfe s worethem, a s a lfo p ilgrims a ntie ntly
’. Ch a u ce r
'
s p lowman rode in a ta ba rd, a nd
p e rh a p s ou r p loughme it‘s Ibo rt co a ts ftil l ke e p u p the refembl a nce .
The Courtepy wa s the fhort clok e be fo re me n tione d wo rn by the Oxfo rdfcho l a r a nd by the ga y ,ye oma n I t is a Te u ton ic wo rd, from k a rt, cu rto s,'a nd fine , p e nu l a co a étil is e x vi l l is cra fli oribu s . Ki l i a n, Ty rt
‘whit.
The Cbe vey'
a il i s a n e ckla ce in the Roma n de l a Bofe , l . 2 1 8 9, fa fie n ed bytwo go ld cl a fps a nd lb tra nfl a te d in Ch a u ce r’s ve rfion o f it, l . 1 082 . C a mde nfe e ms to h a v e ima gi ne d i t a ca pe .
The Gipfe r, or, a s Ch a uce r ca l l s i t, by i ts Fre nch n ame , Gip e im ;Du C a nge ,
Gibafi‘
urim, a nd Ch a rp e nt i e r Gioa ca ria , wa s a purfe ; of whi ch we h a ve va riou sinfia nce s on ou r monume n ts. Pe rh a p s judge Ga fooigne
’s i s the fa ire it.
Mont fa ucon ha s e ngra ve d'in h is Monume n ts 5 a fpl e ndid one of the p rince s of
Dre u x a nd Brit a ny , embro ide re d wi th the i r a rms, from the co l lection of M. de
G a gn i e re s, who fa ys it wa s a ppropri a te d to re l i qu e s. The chimn e y p ie ce of the
p rincip a l room in Ta ttcrfa l towe r is a dorne d with pu rfe s, in a l lufion to the po ll:
o f lord high tre a fure r he l d by R a lph lord Cromwe l l , who die d 1 4 5 5 .
B a gge s or pu rfe s” rema ine d in Le l a nd‘s time in the ch a pe l a nd oth e r
p l a ce s o f the hou fe a t Coll ywe fton, which be longe d to the fame noblema n .
At the foo t of Vit a i l le de Qu e ry, kn ight, fe tj e a nt, 1 4 00, a nd his wife , on
the i r tomb, in Fro idmon t a bbe y, a re five figu re s o f me n ; two a re re l igious,with hoods fa l le n two o f them h a ve the pu rfe s, a nd hood s on the ir he a ds, not
u n l ik e Ch a uce r’ s t he o the rs a re l a yme n, in co a ts gi rt wi th be lt s . The fe rj e a n thimfe l f i s in a fu rre d gown fl i t u p to the kne e in fron t, gi rt ro u nd wi th a be lto n which is the -a rms o f Fra nce a nd a crowne d fhie ld, pouch {l e e ve s furre da t the wrifls, a nd unde r the m a bu ttone d ll e e ve ; h is ca pe fa l le n difcove is fometh ing l i ke a ru ff, or p la i te d co l l a r : his h a lf-boot s a re l a ce d on the infide of hisl e gs .S imone t, fon o f the vicomte do Bo i s, 1 3 5 4 , on h is tomb a t Bonport a bbe y,
Norma ndy, h a s a fhort coa t to h i s k ne e s, longwa ifte d, a nd fu l l bu ttone d, longfl e e ve s bu ttone d to wr ift, a nd a ce ve s
“
p e nda n t, a fa l l ing ca p e e dge d wi th a n emb a ttl eme n t, a nd a t h is be l t a pou ch with fou r bu tton s a nd a lock .
John H a nn e t a y, me rch a n t, 1 4 79, in Va u lu ifa nt a bbe y, h a s a pu rfe _wide r
th a n long, with two ta ffe l s a t the e nds a nd one in the mi dd le .
John Cle rk , prie ft, a t B a fildon , B e rks, 1 4 96, ha s a pouch a t hi s right fi de , a nda rofa ry a t h is le ft a fu rre d gown a nd ca p
7.
A ma n a t N a nte u i l h a s a ‘ ve ry fma l l pu rfe .
Ubi fop. l. 1 37. 90. Aubrey. lb.4 Ca nte rb.Ta le s, 6964. II. pl.m 1.
l t. l . a s. Aubre y.A ma n
cl xi ii
A ma n in Btunoy chu rch in the lfle d e Fr a nce ha s a long coa t wi th bu totone d fle e ve s , a nd five bu tton s l ike a l a p e ll on the le ft (bou lde r.Such is a lfo a pp e nd a n t to the figu re 01 H e n ry I . fourt h du ke o f Lorra in a n d
Bra ba n t on hi s tomb in S t. Pe te r‘s chu rch a t Lo va in . A gre a t Ch ambe rl a inof Fra nce o f th i s time h a s one o f the fa me kind a t his gi rdle . Th e cu ltottiof we a ring the pu rfe a t the gi rdle came from the Ea fte rn n a t ions, whe re i t {ti l lobta ins, a nd d id in Eu rop e t i l l pock e t swe re in ve n te d, which fe em a con fe que nceof fhort fk irts of t ighte r bod ie d ga rme n ts. The fe pu rfe s we re of le a the r
, or
more coftly ma te ria l s.
Some judgeme n t ma y be fo rme d o f the firf’c coa t; from the p iCtu re s o f
Ch a uce r, a nd on e o f Nyte , in the ch a nce l windowo f Kington St . Mich a e l,a s we l l a s from the monume n ts of bu rge if e s be fo re de fcribe d.
Th e y we re Ioofedown to the ca lf o f the l eg, with wide a ce ve s, a nd fucce e de d gown s ga the re da t the gi rd leThe co a t, long a s the o lde it fa fhion ed one s o f the p re fe nt ce ntury, with bu t
tons down to the toe s, a pp e a rs on the figu re s a t the fi de s of l a dy Mon ta cu te ‘
s
tomb a t Chrifi Chu rch, O x ford ; o f th a t o f Thoma s V e re e a rl o f O x ford,a t E a rl’s Co ln e ; o f Thoma s Be a uch a mp e a r l of W a rwick ; of Edwa rd l l l . 8z c.On
'
th e bra fs o f Bra unch, a nd on the tomb o f Edwa rd III. we h a ve both the
long a nd the ibort co a t .
The tomb o f Thoma s B e a uch a mp e a rl of W a rwick furnifhe s the gre a te itva ri e tie s o f h a bi ts for bo th fe x e s o f a ny th a t I knowo f. W ith th i s v iew I gotMr. C a rte r to ma ke th e fe p a ra te drawings o f e a ch figu re in Pl . L I . though Icou ld h a ve wifh e d 'h e h a d fu cce e de d be tte r wi th th em. The re a re the ma n t le ,flowing, bu ttone d on
uth e bre a it, or on the (hou lde r, with on e or mo re bu tton s,
o r th rown a cro fs l ike the Roma n Pa ludame ntum, a nd wi th or witho u t the hood ;the long coa t bu ttone d to the wa ifl ; the fhort co a t u n ite d with the hofe , a nd
the bu ttons con t inu e d be lowthe wa itt, the ca p e {ta nd ing or fa l le n, the hood,h a t, or
'
bonne t ; th e iboe of diff e re n t le ngth s.Al a n Fleming a t N ewa rk, 1 3 7 3 , i s dre fi in a clofe co a t with a (l a nding ca p e ,
a nd fl i t s for pocke t ho le s : .his ll e e ve s a re long a nd clofe , a nd his ma n t l e fa ce dwi th min i ve r.If we ca n de p e nd on the portra i t of Ch a rle s the Good, th i rte e nth coun t of
F l a nde rs, in Montfa ucon, I I . p l . x i . the clofe co a t wi th bu tton s a nd the (ta nding ca p e wi l l h a ve be e n in fa fhion fo e a rl y a s 1 1 2 7 , in which ye a r th a t p rincewa s mu rde re d .
The co a t o f Thiba ns Pl a n te Oignum, bou rge o i s de B ia uve s, in Ch a a lis a bbe y
cloiti e r, i s fl i t a t the fide s a nd in fron t, a nd fa ce d with min i ve r.In B a rbe a u a bbe y is a figu re of Pe te r l e Ma ire , 1 3 5 3 , in a coa t with long
bu ttone d fle e ve s iff uing from oth e rs a t the e lbows, a nd pock e t ho le s h is wife
h a s a po inte d hood, a nd he rma nt le i s fa ce d l ike i t, wi th min i ve r, long bu ttone d
fle e ve s a nd pock e t ho le s .
In th e be ginn ing of H e nry the Fou rth’s re ign the fa ih ion s o f dre fs we re e xtra va ga nt, e fp e cia l ly of gown s wi th de e p wide fl e e ve s , common l y ca l le d P017 5 ,fh a pe d l ik e ba gp ip e s a nd worn indiffe re n t l y both by fe rv a n ts a nd ma il e rs .The y ma y right l y be ca l le d “ the de vi l's re ce pt a cle s : for wh a te ve r cou ld be
fio le n wa s popt in to them : fome o f them we re (0 l a rge a nd wide th a t the y
re a cht down to the fe e t, or a t l e a ft to the kne e s, fu l l of fl it s a nd de v i ls . Whe n
the fe rva n ts we re bringing u p po t t a ge , fa uce s, or a ny o the r l iquors, the fe tle e ve s
we nt in to the d ifhe s, a nd h a d the firlt t a fle a nd a l l th a t wa s gi ve n t hem, or
th a t the y cou ld ge t, wa s fpe nt to clo th e the i r u ncu ra bl e ca rca fe s wi th the fe
pokyr or fle e ve s, whil e the re fiof the h a bi t wa s cu t ibortI Aubrey.Vita Rich.
II . l 7z . In primord io hujus re gis e x cre fce ba t nimis infole ntia indume ntorum in re gno 84 ma xime togatorumcum pro fundis a : l a tis ma nicla voca tis vu lga rite r poi] : a d mod um ba gpn
‘
pe fe rma tis nde o u t e is ta m a (twin qu amdomini: indiff e re nt“ u te ba tur. (Li l a : quidem re ce pta cula de moniorum reéte dlci ace .
clx i v
The long p ock e tting Il e e v e s, a s Ca mde n ca l l s them cont inu e d i ii u fe in the
re ign o f H e n ry IV . which Occ le ve fa ys p e nn il e fl’
e groome s” might cle a r
th e tire e ts o f the i r d irt . Such we re in vogu e in Edwa rd the Firfi’
s re ign, a s‘ '
a p
p e a rs by the figu re s on the fide of “ John of Eltha m’
s tomb, bo th me n a nd »
wome n.
The monk’s fle e ve s in Ch a uce r
Pu rfil e d a t the bond
W i th grit , a nd th a t th e fine ft o f the loud.
Gris wa s a fp e cie s o f furr ; o f which a nd ofmin ive r h e re a fte r.
Rich a rd de Bofco a bbot o f Efire e s in No rma ndy h a s h is a rms croit, h a ngingdown in his fle e ve s, which come o ve r h is h a nds. One of th e fu ite of Lou i s deBruge s, in the re ign o f Ch a rle s Vl l l . in Mon tfa u con IV. Pl . IV. h a s fuch a
fle e ve o ve r h i s le ft h a nd.
Ou r h a t i s de rive d by Sk inn e r from the Te u ton ic a nd Du tch H e e d a nd H a t,
a nd th a t fromH e a de r: a nd H a tten, to pre fe rve ; a s i f no o th e r p a r t o f dre fs wa sa de fe nce . I t wa s a fucce d a ne um to the Hood, a nd the S a xon ba r Wa s a cove ring o f the he a d from the ti a ra a nd m i tre to the mode rn round h a t, wh ich isbu t a d iminitive o f the ca rd in a l’s re d h a t on Lu xembu rg
’ s tomb a nd Wo l fe y’s
co l le ge . The M a l a ys a nd Chine fe , a nd a l l Afia tics who we a r h a ts, h a ve th emround ; fuch i s e ve n the turba n . V a rro de ri ve s th e Roma n Ga le ra r, wh ichIfidore ca l l s a ih e phe rd
’
s bone t, from Ga le a . In Ju ve n a l 3 , a nd o th e rwrite rs, i tis e qu i v a l e n t to a wig or fa l fe h a ir. Ch a uce r we a rs on h is he a d a hood fa ll ingdown be hind . His monk’s
For to fa tte n his hood u nde r h is chinne ,
I l e b a dde of go ld ywrought a curiou s pin ’.
The bone ts of Pe te r cou n t d’Al e ncon a nd Robe rt coun t de Cle rmon t, in Montf a u con 5
, a re o f d iffe re n t fo rms : th a t of St . Lou is 6 i s ve ry l ike a mode rn h a ttho fe o f Lou i s XI. a nd Phi l ip l e Ha rd i duke of Bu rgundy a re bon e ts of p a rt icu l a ro rde rs . Se e a lfo thofe o f the o rde
'
rs o f St . Mich a e l, infiitute d byLou i s XII Th a to f the o rde r of the C re i
’
ce nt, inftituted by Re ne king of S ici l y, is a n a bfolute ha t 9;fo i s a lfo th a t o f Ch a rle s VIIJohn Edwa rds, a ppre nticia ta : in lege , 1 4 6 1 , in Rodme rton chu rch, c . Glou
ce fie r, ha s a ca p l ike th a t o f the Pre fide nt a u mortie r . Rudde r " fa ys he ish a bit e d in the a nt ie n t dre rs o f a l awye r.The fo rm o f the h a lf-boo t m a y be fe e n on a bra fs figure in Ce p e l church,
c. B e dfo rd . The boot fe ems to h a ve be e n fa il e ne d a t the fide wi th cla fps, like ourfp a tte rd a ih e s . The me rch a n t’s in Ch a uce r we re
cl a pfe d fa yre a nd fe t i ll y
Somewh a t l ik e the (ho e s be foreme n tione d, p . cl vn . we re the Ca mpa ga a nd
Re l /ba ll of the Roma n empe rors a nd nobi l i t y me n t ione d by Tre be l l iu s Po l l io a nd
J u l iu s ( Za p itol inu s, a nd de fcribe d by Sa lma fi u s a s (0 ca l le d from the fle xibi l it yo f the (tra p s th a t fa ite ne d th em, a nd from th e n e t-work which the y forme d on
'
the l e g. The Re ticulum, or (hoe , of the Roma n l a die s wa s fe twith e me ra ldsPa triciorum ca lce i e t imp e ra torum ita voca ba ntur a corrigia rum fle x uris e t im
pl ica turis qu ibus circumliga ba n tu r. Hine camp a co s re ticu la r-a ppe l l a re fo l e ba t
G a l l ie n u s, quod re ticu l a tu ris de cu fl'
a turifqu e mu l t i s ci rcum cru ra fle x uri s a l l i sfupe r a l i a s fca nde u tibu s conn e él e re ntu r. Hine La tin i s ca mp a cm ejufmodica lce u s a pp e l l a n ts qu i mu lt a s x a
‘uwx ; e t de cufl
’
e s in ca lce a nda fa e e re t e x con'igi
a rum a l l iga tu risq
.
"
Rem. VI . n o. C a nte tb. Ta l e s , 1. 195 .l l . xxx-n . 8 . 9 lb. Il l . lx i i. I , a . 4 . lb. Ix i. lb. x lviii. lb. xlvi .f
‘ l’ . 65 5 . Ma ximin. jun. c. r. Sa lmz fuu iu C a pitolini vita Ma x imin i jun. c . s .
'
clxvi
He nry VI; a cco rding to Stow u fua l ly wore a ca p or hood of re d v e l ve t,wh ich wa s a fte rwa rds p re fe rve d a long t ime on his tomb. H is h igh ca p of
e li e te , ca l le d Abcoe t e t, or Abococke , wa s ga'
rn ifhe d wi th two r ich crown s
The be a u o f Edwa rd th e Third’ s t ime wa s a p a rty-co lou re d a n ima l . He worehofe o f one co lou r on one l eg, a nd o f a no the r on the othe r ; (ho rt bre e ch e swhich did not re a ch h a lf wa y down his th ighs a co a t h a l f wh it e , h a lf bl a ckor blue ; a long he a rd ; a ( i lk hood, bu ttone d u nde r h is ch in ; a nd embro ide re dwith grote fqu e figu re s o f a rmori a l d a nc ing me n , S
IC. a nd fome time s o rn ame nte d
wi th go ld, fil ve r, a nd p re c iou s {tone sWhe n the riote rs p lund e re d a nd bu rnt the duk e of La nca fte r
's p a l a ce a t the
S a vo y th e y took his mo (t p re ciou s ga rme n t, fuch , fa ys VVa lfingham
4, a s we ca l l
a j a cket, a nd (l uck it'
on a fp e a r, a S'
a ma rk for the ir a rrows, a nd whe n the yfo u nd the y cou ld not d a ma ge i t fu fficie n tly by (hoo t ing a t i t, the y choppe d it in
p i e ce s wi th fwords a nd h a tch e ts.The ( howy lu xu riou s h a bi t of a Ga fcon Kn ight, to whom Fra nci s de l a
M a rqu e , a Fre nch ge nt lema n, pre fe nts h is bi(l ory o f the la tte r p a rt o f the re igno f R ich a rd I ]. 5 de fe rve s a tt e nt ion . Wh e n the k n ights we re not cl a d in a rmou rth e y wo re a dre fs th a t fe ems to h a ve more th a n Afia tic foftne fs a nd e fl
'
emin a cy6.
In the fa me MS the lo ng po in te d (ho e s o f th a t re ign, be fore de fcribe d, a re p a r
ticu l a rly e x pre ffe d7
a nd i t i s rema rk a ble , tha t in the drawing o f Ru tl a n d’
s re l ign a t ion to H e n ry IV. from a MS o f Fro ifi
'
a rt in the roy a l l ibra ry, (xvi ii E . I I .) thef a fh ion i s a lte re d, a nd th e toe s (l i ortne d Joa n coun te fs o f Ke nt, mo th e r ofR ich a rd II. we a rs the m 9
; a nd the y a pp e a r to h a ve be e n re vive d in the re igno f Edwa rd IV Thofe o f Edwa rd Il l . a nd his two roy a l prifon e rs, D a vid
k ing o f Sco t l a nd, a nd John k ing of Fra nce , a re broa d, bu t p icke d, a nd em
bro ide re d wi th n e tworkW e
'
ma y fu ppofe the figu re p a in te d in Hunge rford‘s ch a p e l a t S a l isbu ry re
p re fe n ts a be a u or ga l l a n t o f the re ign o f He nry V I.In the ye a r 1 3 69, 4 4 Edwa rd Il l . a s the book o f Worce fi e r re porte d, th e y
be ga n to u fe ca p s o f d i ve rs co lou rs, e fp e ci a l ly re d, wi th cofily l inings : a nd
1 3 7 2, 4 7 Edwa rd l l l . th e y firft be ga n“
to wa n ton i t in a new round cu rta i lwe e d , which th e y ca l le d a clo a k , a nd in L a t in a rmil a afa , a s on l y cove ring the
(bo u lde rs ; a nd th is notwithfta nding the k ing h a d e nde a vo re d to t e flra in a l l
the fe inordin a n ce s a nd e x p e nce s in cloth ing by a ft of p a rl i a me n t in his
3 6th ye a r, fo rbidding the u fe o f go ld a nd (i lve r, a nd o the r o rna me n ts, to
a l l who cou ld not a ff o rd to fp e nd £1 0 a y e a r ; a nd a l l fu rr a nd p re ciou s co ll lya pp a re l to a l l who co u ld not fp e nd £1 00 a y e a r
Th e a u thor o f the Eu logium ci te d by C amde n'f fa ys , the common s we re
be fo tte d in e x ce fs o f a pp a re l], in wide furco a te s re a ching to the i r Io ine s ,fume in a ga rme nt re a ching to the i r he e l e s, clo fe be fo re , a nd (i ru tting ou t
o n the tide s , fo tha t o n the ba ck the y m a k e me n fe em wome n ; a nd th ist h e y ca l le d by a ridicu lou s n a me gowne ; the i r hoods a re l i tt le , t ie d unde rthe chin , a nd bu ttone d l ik e the wome n’s, bu t fe t wi th go ld, (i lve r, a nd pre
cio u s (lone s ; the i r l irn'
pop/i e r'4 r e a ch to the ir he e l e s , a l l j a gge d . The y h a ve
Chi-o n . p 4 x 1 . Gra fton, p . 661. Ho ll infh . 1 3 14 . Se e Spe lma n in voce .
3 C a mde n ’s Re m. p. 194.
Hi ll . p . 1 49 .
MS . Ha rl 1 3 19. Strut. pl . xx. p . 16.7 II) . pl . x t x . lb. pl . x x x 11.
lb. pl . xxxv. from a Re gifl e r o f Be ne fa fl ors to St . Alba n't a bbey. Ne ro, VII .
l b. pl . x u l . l b. pl. 1. 1v .
Omne o rn a me n tum a ure um live a rge nl e um e ra t d a mna tum n ifi'
m ta libun qu i po ilin t pe r a nnum e xpa nde r: 10 li
hm , e t ti t n ul|i p z nn is p l'c t'
mfis a u t pi llura ute re ntu r n ifiqui po tl em e x pe nde re pe r a nnum i o o libru .Wa lfingb. v. Ed l I .p . 173. The con tinu a tion o f Ad am : of Murimu th's hill. fa y: .t o lib. which inmu ll like ly. S .ru t| l l . 84 .
u Rema ins . p . 2 3 3 .
A l ippct round th e ne ck, ha nging down be fore . Se e Ha rl. MS . 1 19.
a no the r
clkvtt
a nothe r we e d of (i lk , wh ich the y ca l l a p a t/ta ck the ir ho'
fe are bf twoco lou rs , or p i e d with more wi th wh ite l a che ts , which th e y ca l le d be e/015 ,the y tie to the ir p a ltock s , Withou t a n y bre e ch e s . Th e ir gird le s a re of gold a n
'
dfilve r, (ome wo rth twe n ty ma rks : th e i r (ho e s a nd p a tte n s a re (nowte d a nd
p ike d mo re th a n a finge r long, crook ing upwa rds, which th e y ca l l t ra ctor/ca ,
re lembl iti g the de vi l‘
s cl aws, a nd fa fte n e d to th e kne e s wi th ch a in s of go ld a ndfilve r.
Ch a uce r ”a lfo ma ke s the fame comp l a int cenfui
-ing the cofi o f e nbrouding,the difguyting, e nde nting, or ba rring, ounding, p a l ing, wynding , or be nd ing,a nd fe mbl a bl e wa fie o f c lo the in v a n itie th e cofilewe furringe in hir gou ne s(0 much pou nfoing of cbefe l to ma k e ho le s, (6much d a gging o f (h e re s
,with thefitpe rflu ite in le ngt h of the fore fe d
‘gou n e s t r a i l ing in the dong a nd myre on
ho rs a nd e k e on foo t, a s we l l of m a n a s o f woma n , th a t a l l thilk e tra yl ingi s ve re ly a s in e fie ét wa fie d
, confume d, th re d ba re , a nd rotte n wi th dongUpon the othe r (ide , to (p e a k o f the horibl e diford in a te fca ntyn e fs o f cloth inga s be ne the fe cu tte d fl appe r or ba n/ dine r th a t th ro the i r ( hort ne s co ve r not
the (ha me fu l membre s o f me n .
”H e p roce e ds to inve igh a ga in (t the p a rty
co lou re d hofe de p a rte d in whi te a nd re d .
Pe t ra rch , in his le tte r to the Pop e , I 3 66 5, e x pre fl
'
e s the fame indign a t ion a t
the mon ii rous fa n ta ftica l fa fh ions wh ich h is con tempo ra rie s h a d in ve n te d to
de fo rm, ra the r th a n a dorn , the i r p e rfons : th e long po int e d (hoe s, the ca p s
wi th fe a the rs, the h a i r twifle d a nd h a nging down with _t a i l s, the fore he a ds of
th e you ng me n , a s we l l a s wome n , fo rme d into fu rrows , wi th i vory he a de d
p in s, the i r be l l ie s fqu e e z e d wi th cords, a nd the inde ce n t p a rts of the ir dre (‘
s of
fe nfive to e v e ry mode ft e ye .
H a rding, in his Chron icl e , 0. 1 93 . f. 1 94 . rebuke s, in a s (irong te rms , the
wa fie of ma te ri a l s in th e e x p e nfive fa fhions of th i s re ign .
Th e r Wa s gre a t p ride a mong the ofii ce rs ,
And o f a l l me n furp a flyng th e i r comp ie rs,Of riche a ra y, a ndmu ch more cotl iou sTh e n wa s be fore or (i th, a nd mo re pre tiou s .Ye me n a nd gromos in cloth of (i lk e a ra ye d,Sa ttyn a nd d ama lk e in the oubl e tte s a nd goune s
In cloth of gre ne a nd fca rl e t for u np a ye d
C utwe rke wa s gre a t both e in cou rt a nd tou ne s,Both e in me ns hodde s a nd a lfo in the i r ge nn e s .Bronde r a nd fu rt e s, a nd goldfmith we rk e a y n ewe
In ma ny a wyfe e che da y the y did re newe .
Fa bi a n fa y s, in the re ign of W i l l i a m Ru fu s “p re iii e s u fe d bufhe d a nd
bre yde d he de s , long ta yle d gowne s , a nd bl a fyng clo the s, (hinyng a nd go lde n
girde l le s, a nd roa d wi th gu i lt fp u rre s wi th u fyng o f dyve rfe o the r e normit ie s .”
A l l which Anfe lm wou ld h a ve co rre cte d , bu twa s not fu ppo rte d by his bre thre n
the bi(h0p s . H e nry I .,e n a ei e d th a t prie ti s (hou ld we a r a pp a re l o f on e ma nne r
of colou r, a nd (ho e s a ft e r a come l y fa fhion 7.
A clofe j a cke t like a wa ificoa t. C a mde n ca lls a ja cke t without fl e e ce s a ba t/Ion . Hoqmlmwa s a lfo a clo a k.
This wa s no t confined to thofe , bu twe me e twith figure s ha bite d in ga rme n ts divide d in the middle (l ra it down, one
fide of one colour, a nd a nothe r qu ite diff e re nt. In a Co tton MS. Ne ro D. VI. john of Ga unt, a s High S tewa rd o f
Engla nd is {o re pre fcnted . Strutt, Re g. Ant. Pl. x v t. whe re fe e o the rs, p l . x x x t x . A fa mou s in fl a nce o f this p a rty
co loure d fa th ion is in the portra it of Sir Anthony Browne , a t Cowdry, who in (uch 8 mo tley dre (s is (a id to ha t e
e fpoufe d Anne of C leve s by proxy.Pa tron’
sTa le , f. to;. 1 598 . Urry , p . i g8 . Tyrwhitt. I I I. 18 3.
4 Yrou f m,(o th ort tha t tying a t the hips could no t re a ch be low the thigh a t mo ll , a nd the hofc we re drawn up
(tra it, a nd rolle d up unde r them which ha nging loo l'
e round a oou t mu ll ha ve be e n ve ry inde cent whe n a ms n (loop e d
l o the ground. S trutt. l l . 85.Ope ra , e d . Ba ftl . p . 8 1 1 .
Citron . II. c. 234. p . 9. Ho linlh . p. 3 40.
R ich a rd
t clx'
vm
R ich a rd I I : wa s (0 fump’
tu’
ou s in h is a pp a re l th a t Ho l int’
he d fa ys he h a d,a mong o the r go rge ou s fu lts, one coa t o f go ld a nd pre ciou s (i one s v a lu e d a t
3 000 ma rk s a nd Si r John Arond e l’s wa rdrobe e xce e de d his ma fle r’s, for he h a d
a ch a nge o f no le rs th a n fifty-two new(u its of cloth of go ld ti(Tu e
Ch a uce r thus de fcribe s the lu x u ri a n t dre fs of the p re l a te s o f his t ime
The y hie on horfe wi ll e th to ride ,In gl itte ra nde golde o f gre te a ra i,P a in te d a nd po rtrid a l l in pride ;No common k n ight m a ie go e (o ga ieCh a unge o f cloth ing e ve ry d a i e ;W i th golde n g irde l s gre te a nd (ma l l .
Mite rs the y we rin mo than two,
l p e rl id a s the Qu e n’
is he dde
A fl a t? o f go ld 8c p i rrie 10 !As he ivie a s i t we re ma de of le dde ,W i th clo the of go lde both n ewe 8c re dde
W e a re not to l a y a l l the (tre fs th a t ('
ome do on th e fa tirica l re pre fe nta tion
which the Sco ts ma k e o f the fa fh ions o f Edwa rd the Third's t ime . H e le a rn tFre nch t
'
a th ions by h is conqu e lts ; th e y a dop te d them by the i r a l l i a nce s . Whilethe y re pre fe nte d u s a s if,
Long be e rds be fie l e s,Pe ynte de whoo ds witl e s ,Ga y co te s gra ce l e s,Ma k e th Englonde thri fte l e s.
W a lfingh am (e ems to da te th e introduétinn of Fre nch fa fhions a mong us
from the t a k ing o f C a l a is, 1 3 4 7 .
Of the fa me kind a re the re p ro a ch e s ca ll by a monk o f Gl a fi e nbury on the
fa lh ions th a t p re v a i le d a t the t ime o f the inflitu tion o f th e rou nd t a ble a t
W indfor, 1 9 Edwa rd III. The Englifhme n h a wn te d fo moche un to the fo lye
o f (i t’
a wnge rs th a t e ve ry y e re th i r cl a mye d e m in dive rfe (h a ppe s a nd di(gi(i ngge s o f clo the ngge ; n ow longe , now l a rge , nowwide , nowfira ite , a nd
e ve ry d a y clothingge s n ewe , a nd de fi itu te a nd de fe rte from a l le h'
on e fie ofi
o ld a rr a y a nd gode u fa ge : a nd a nothe r tyme to (horte clothe s _
a nd (0 (tre ite
wa itl e d, wi th fu l l (l e ve s a nd t a p e te s of fu rcote s a nd hode s ov e r longge a nd
l a rge , a l l to n a gge de4 a nd kn e t on e ve ry (ide
,a nd a l le to fl a tte re e dd e , a nd
a lfo bote ne ddc th a t i f ywe th (h a l le fa y the y we re n more l yk e to tu rme ntou rs
a nd de v e le s in the r clothyng, a nd a lfo in th e i r fchoyng a nd othe r a rr a yth a n the i feme d to be l ike me nne . And th e ir wymme ne we re n more n yce l y
a rra ie dde a nd p a fl'
e d the me nn e in a l l e ma n e r o f a ra ie s a nd curious clo th ingfor the i we re dde (uch (i re ite clothe s th a t th e y h a d long forta i le s fewe dewithynne the i r ga rme nt s to ho ld th em fo rthe for to h e de the
'ir pofie riors
Chroo . p. I t l g. Se e a lfo Vita R. I I . p. 1 56, be fore c ited .
Wo rks by Urry , p . 1 79, in He nry's H ill . of England, IV. 587 .
Hit} . Angl. p . 168 . Tune (upe rbire cr perunt ma tmna Anglica n: in s pp a ra tibus ma trona rumGa llic cel tie sm
(f. O ld e n-fix .)Dougla s, Monk of Gla fle nb. H a s]. MS. 4690 . f. 92 . Strutt. l l .
t clxx
The numbe r a nd fitu a tion of rings o'
ti a nt i e n t fl a tne s a re v a riou s . B if h ops
a nd a bbot s we a r the i r rings on v a riou s finge rs ; e ith e r o f a c i rcu l a r or ov a lfo rm the fo rme r p rinc ip a l l y a ppe a rs on monume nt s : the l a tte r h a s be e n d ugu p in the ru in s o f th e ir p a l a ce s . A go ld ring fuppofe d to h a ve be e n wo rnby R ich a rd duk e of Yo rk , be ca u fe dug u p on the fpo t wh e re he wa s l itid to
h a ve be e n k i l l e d, a nd fe nce d'
rou nd e ve r fince , wa s bought ou t o f Ra lph The re fby
's Co l lect ion by Mr . B e nj . B a rtle tt, who pe rmi t te d i t to be e ngra ve d in the
n ew e d i t ion of C a mde n ‘s Brit a n n i a , i s o f go ld, ci rcu l a r, a do rne d with figu re so f fa ints, a nd th i s infcrip tion wi thin : 1501113 hon a mour, l h a ve fe e n fucha no the r fou nd in the ru in s o f St . Alba n
's a bbe y , p l a in on the o utfide , a nd in»
fcribe d with in . 1 h a ve a th i rd, wi th the infcrip tion in re l i e f on the ou tfide , a ndfe twith a blu e ftone .
Ou r fe rje a nts rings ma y be t a ke n from thofe wo rn by the Roma n ju dge s'.
Ju ve n a l fli ews th e y we re wo rn by p le a de rs in h is t ime , a nd th a t the y fome time sma de p a rt o f the i r fe e .
Among th e va r ie ti e s of in fcriptions on rings the fo l lowing fe em in te nde d forWe dd ing ringsOn a n old filve r ring a dorne d with two h a nds conjo in e d, cu boa a t .On a noth e r gi lt a nd bro a d, l ik e a fe rje a nt
‘
s, fou nd a t C a ln e , Qimour chefct,W i th in a bra fs one , with a he a rt, 913011“( 801. [0 bea t ; on the o utfid e ,
que home a t fotct.On a gold one found in Efi
'
e x , >I< AMI AM€ S AMIG AVGS . a nd on a no th e rfound in Sir John We bb
'
s ga rde n a t Ca n ford, Do rfe t, arml e AVGZ AMI AV€Z .
On a n o ld bra fs ring fl a t fe rra te d on the ou tfide , ZLgbc 130“mg tg nu’
l a tten. On the oth e r fide , jiowa t a tme pom .
On a th ick go ld ring, wi th in , DYE. DONA . A . OVI. LV . PLEAT.
A go ld ring found in Su ffo lk, 1 7 5 5 , ha d on the ou te r ci rcu it te n knobs, on
the firft a crofs, on the re fi ch a ra éte rs wh ich we re re a d 19011? foubtm’
r.On e p loughe d u p ne a r C a i
‘
tl e He d ingh am, Effe x , h a d enhuge Mid".
Mr. Dr a ke ha s e ngra ve d, in h is Ebo ra cum, p . cu . a ring with R u n ic ch a ra cte rs, l ik e on e fou nd a t H a rwoo d in Y o rk fhire , a nd {h ewn to the Socie t y o f An t i .
qu a rie s 1 7 3 7 . 1 7 4 0 . Mr. Dra k e ‘s wa s found on Bra mh am-moo r, a bou t 1 7 3 4 ,a nd wa s qu ite p l a in , wi th fqu a re e dge s ; the le tt e rs cu t, ra ife d, a nd fil le d up
with e na me l to a fmooth fu rfa ce . I t might be the ring o f forne Chie fta in o f
the D a n e s, who {torme d Yo rk , 1 066, a nd we re de fe a te d by H a ro ld a t St a mfordbridge or B a ttl e fla tts , wh e re ma ny re l ics of the ba tt le a re {ti l l found 3
. Thisr ing we ighe d ne a r five gu ine a s, or one ou nce fix pe nnywe ights, a nd wa s fo ld inLondon, a mong o the r l ik e curiofitie s, by Wh ifton B riftow, 1 76
r fo r£4 5 .
Of the a bba t i a l k ind wa s a go ld ring wi th a gre a t a l loy o f filve r, we ight five
p e nnywe ights, found a t Kirk fta l l a bbe y {hewn to the Socie t y o f An t iqu a ri e s bvDr. Byron. On i t a crucifix, the Virg in a nd St . John fa rthe r on St . Anthony
‘s
crofs, a Ta u , a nd with in th is in fcription , nul a utrt.A go ld ring, or fibul a , fou nd a t C a n te rbu ry, h a d on the ou tfide , agent“[ i
pa t. t tfbici. Wit it
Ano the r, iilve r, l'.
Anothe r, fi lve r, the middle ma de up of two h a nds conjo ine d, h a d the fa me
infcrip tion .
Ano th e r, fi lve r, lHESVS NAZARENVS REX .
The fa me infcrip tion fe ems to h a ve be e n on a go ld ring dug up a t Alv a , inth e cou n t y o f Ste rl ing, 1 766. d ia me te r five e ighths o f a n inch , we ight twe nt y
fe ve n gra ins .Mr. Pe ck h a d a l a rge filve r ring, fuppo fe d of a n a bbot, with a ca p i t a l QR,
Plia . x x x t u . l . Sa t. v u . n o. Ebor. p. 83. 84.
A go ld
clxxi
Se a ls of a rms a nd de vife s we re wo rn on rings . The va lua ble a n tique gems,wh ich fre qu e n t ly difcove r themfe lvcs a mong ou r mona fiic fe a l s, we re fe t in ringsth a twe re wo rn . Ch a rle s I . ha d a ring di a l which he h igh ly p rize d Ge o rge 111.ha d the firit ringwa tch . D emofthe ne s a nd Ann iba l ca rri e d poifon in the ir rings .A go ld ring fou nd a t Du rh a m- y a rd wa s o v a l, h e a vy, a nd fe t wi th a fma l l
blu e {tone c a rve d wi th a li a r : a th inne r o f the l ik e fo rm, wi th a .p l a in blu efione , fou nd a t Ll a nd i lo in Gl a morga n ih ire , 1 7 60, a nd {h ewn to the So ci e t y o fAn t iqu a rie s 1 762 . ma y h a ve be e n e p ifcop a l a nd a thi rd o f the fa me fort , o f a
fubfia nce be twe e n both the fe , wa s found in hi ll top Grofle d’s co ffi n . Arch
bi(h op La ngh a m a t W e fiminflte r h a s on the middle‘
a ud l e ft finge r a fe a l r ing,on the firit o f the fa me h a nd a p l a in one .
AndrewR iche r biih op o f Ch a lce don , 1 5 5 5 , we a rs h i s rings o v e r his glo ve son his monume n t in Va u lu ifa nt a bbe y .
A l a dy in H a rwood chu rch ha s rings on the fe cond, t h ird, a nd f ourt h finge rs
of e a ch h a n d.
A kn ight the re h a s a r ing on e a ch third finge r, a nd the h a lf-h a nd e d ga u nt le ts .Bu t no l a d y i s fo ch a rge d wi th th em a s the fa i r Ma t i ld a a t Dunmow who
h a s on h e r l e ft l itt le finge r two toge th e r, on the th i rd one , on th e fe cu nd two ,re p a ra te , on both thumbs one fqu a re , a nd on e on the midd le , th i rd, a nd l itt lefinge r of he r right h a nd.
On th e be a u t ifu l monume n t in Me th le y chu rch , c. York , with figu re s o fS ir Robe rt W a te rt on a nd l a dy, in the t ime o f He nry IV. the h a s ri ngs on e ve ryfinge r, a nd fe ve ra l on fa me , a nd on e ve ry jo in t ; a lfo the fa me co l la r of 88 a s
he r hu sba nd . Dr. Na fh, from Abingdon‘
s MS coll e étions, de fcribe s a l a dy a t
Du dl e y with the fame co l la r 3 .A ma nt l e a nd ringwe re gi ve n to l a di e s who took on th em th e vowo f cha fiitv .
Se e a n a dmifii on of th is k ind 1 3 93 .
1 5 Ma r. 1 393. B ii a Bl a nchia te lift a dni Nichi Styve cle , milit'a l le ga ns ifi a m cff e p chii n. dfii Joh
‘
e pi Elicn'e id
'e po humil ite r fuppl ica ns (
"
1d votum l'
uum ca itita tis a dmirte re e t cidcm ma nte l/um ct
a nnula r/1 intu itu ca rita t is conforte d igna re tur, (5 c. sr pohe a dEa dfia Bl a nchia in ca p e lla m a fiii de
Dodyngton Elie n’dioc' comm fummo a lta ri in pre fe ncia dEi re v
'
pa tris mill a m tunc ibam Iblcmpnite r
ce le bra ntis votum vovit fo lempn ite r ca flit a tis prout fe qu itur in he c ve rba .je Bla nche ja dys femme de Monsr Nicho la s de Styve c le , che va le r, vow a Die u e t a notre d a me ‘
fe inte Ma rie e t a tou z fe inz e n pfe nce dc vou s re ve re nt pe re e n Die u john pe r la gra ce dc Dicu e ve lqu ed
’
Ely qe jc fe ra y cha fle de fore fna v a nt ma v ie dura nt e .
Erd iétus re v . p a te r votumhujus re ce pit e t a dmifir, ct ma nte l/ume t a nnu lum dce vov e ntis fo lcmpn ite r
be ne dix it e t impofuit fu pe r e a rn pra a fcntib’
i'
Gm dnis Jo li e Wynte pe rie rectore dc Kcrtlyngc, Rob'
Orumre fiore dcGra nfde n, Joli e Fe ndour pbito e t Rob
’Fla t, nota rio publico .
"
Re g. Fordham. e pi Elie n f. 18 1 . b.
He nry III. in his piéture o ve r the {brine of Se bba in W efiminfie r a bbe y ha s 3
ng on e a ch l ittl e finge r ove r his glove s.
Of the phyfica l re a fons for a pp ropri a t ing a p a rt icu l a r finge r to the we ddingring
4, fe e Mr. Bra nd's e dit ion o f Bou rn e ’s An t iqu it ie s o f the common p e op le 5
;
but he doe s not re co l le ct the a n t iqu it y of th is ring ; th a t the Roma n s a pp l ie d i t
fo a nd the i r widding ringwa s o f iron , a nd withou t a gem, fo l a te a s Plin y’ s
t ime 7. In th i s a pp l ica t ion a s a p le dge o f love a nd fide l i t y it ca me to be worn
by kings a nd fove re igns of a l l ra nk s5
,a s a lfo by p re l a t e s a nd a bbot s, a nd the in
fcriptions be fore gi ve n a re to be u nde rfl ood in th i s fe nfe . I t wa s confide re d a s a n
e a rne it by the Go ths9. Y e t Pl iny fe ems to th ink rings we re a t firitworn ra the r
a s fe a l s.
W a lpole , l l . 49.
3Pi. V II . ‘Vorccflcrfh , I, 36 1.
ga in in me di a (fl rpm/a m v rna prorrfin: ”fl!" a d ( or, fa ys the rubrick o f the Sa lilbury ma nua l , 1 54 1 , which dire fl s,“ tha t the ma n is to put the ting on the woma n's thumb, faying, 111 na m
‘
ru pa m‘
: on the fore finge r, on the
middle finge r, a a nd on the third, Arum.3 P. 33 3 , 3 34 .
Et dfgl'mpig“ : fo rta fl
'
c de difli. juve na l, (a t. V 1 . 3 7. Te n u lha n ca lls 11 a nnulu t pronubw.7 Phi (up.
So the Dog: o f Ve nice ca rd: the Adria tic, overwhomhe is fove rcign , by throwing a ring into it a nnu a lly.Du C a nge in vocc.
T if E
I cl i'
t x n
T H E h a rde fi l a fk ye'
t rema in s— to de fcribe the Va rie d fa fhions'
of fema l ea pp a re l : fa th ions mo re v a ri e d th a n a ny h e ld forth on the clo a k o f Afmode u s,
wh e th e r the wa iits o f my fa i r cou nt rywome n We re confine d in the {tiff boddice or
fu rco a t a nd th e i r a ube rn tre fi’
e s in the re ticu l a te d he a ddre fs o f the fourt e e nth ce ntu ry ; o r n a tu re le ft in he r mo re gra ce fu l p ropo rt ions in flowing robe s o f bl a zon rya nd embro id e ry, a nd fe ma le co
'
e fl'
e u re more be de ck t with dra pe ry a nd flowingtre ffe s in the fifte e nth ce ntu ry . Dr. H e n ry think s i t would he ungra t efu l to
dwe l l o n th i s (obj e ct, a nd th e re fo re gi ve s but on e fpe cime n , the h igh h e a ddre fs .
H owmu ch mu i’r An t iqu a rie s re gre t the wa n t o f Newfp a pe rs, to re co rd the fa
f hions o f the twe l fth a nd fift e e n th ce n tu ri e s, wh ich re qu ire fome ittduflry to
p ick them o u t o f Glofl'
a rie s The gra ve re ci t a l s o f h ifioria ns fhewhowe ve r th a tf a ih ions we re not fo ch a nge a ble a s in the e ighte e n th .
Th e No rma n Que e n Ma t i ld a i s a tt ire d l ik e a ma tron on he r gre a t fe a l inS a ndfo rd wh ile the confort o f Edwa rd I . u nbinds h e r tre ffe s, l e t s he r ma n t lef a l l a bou t he r fli ou lde rs, or fa fte ns i t by a cordon on he r bre a ft, a nd th e n fo ldsi t gra ce fu l l y n e a r he r fe e t . 5 0 th is fa i r e x amp le of conjuga l a ffe ction i s a tt i re do n he r monume nt in We ftminfte r a bbe y he r tre fi
'
e s fa l l ing gra ce fu l l y on h e r
i ho u lde rs . Th e a tt itude o f l fa be l o f Arra gon; firit wife o f Phi lip the H a rd yk ing o f Fra nce , who d ie d 1 2 7 1 , i s the fa me on he r tomb a t St . D e nys 3
. H e r
gra nd a ughtcr the Ge rma n Ph i lipp a i s v e tte d in n e a rl y the fa me ma nne r wh icht he l e t
'
s be come s, a nd he r h a i r is confin e d in the ftiff re t icu l a te d fu l l dre fs .Mont fa ucon gi ve s th e firfi inha nce o f th is fiifi
'
h a ir-dre ffing in the e ffigy o fB e a tri x cou nte fs o f Cle rmon t d a ughte r—in-l aw o f St . Lou is, a nd ca l l s it a nd
he r co rone t e x tr a ordina ry ; h e r {hoe s a lfo a re long a nd po inte d3. R ich a rd the
S e cond’s confort, p e rh a p s (3 l a B obemie rme , is wi thou t the m a n t le , h e r h a i rdith e ve l l e d, h e r fle e ve s le ngthe n e d be low h e r writ’ts . Ele a no r o f Woodfiock
a pp e a rs in th e h a bi t of a mm, wh ich fhe a fi'
ttme d a t B a rk ing on the u nt ime l yd e a th of he r lord . Joa n o f N a v a rre , qu e e n o f H e n ry IV. i s h a bi te d i n loofe ra nd riche r ga rme nts, p e rh a p s a fte r the fa fh ion o f he r own co u ntry, h e r ne cka nd bre a f’ts ba re r a nd de cke d wi th
“
j ewe l s ; but h e r he a ddre fs re t icu l a te d.
The n e x t roy a l fema le is th e v e ne r a ble Ma rga re t cou nte fs of R ichmond, in he re rmine robe s, with a ve i l fa l l ing ba ck . The qu e e n of Scot s a nd Eliza be thh e r ri va l fca rce l y come with in ou r p l a n .
The firfl‘ inft a nce in th is work i s the l a dy o f Albe ric de V e re e a rl of Oxford
1 2 t s , forme rl y in wood, a t E a rl’s Co ln e 4. She i s h a bite d in
'
a clo fe m a nt l ewi th p re ciou s il one s . He r he a ddre fs ga the re d clofe unde r he r chin , a nd bou n din p a rt by a fil le t fiudde d in l ik e m a nn e r ; a co rdon h a ngs from h e r fhou l de rs
on h e r bre a ft.
The ne xt fp e cime n i s a bou t th i rt y ye a rs l a te r, o f J a n e wife o f Thoma s lo rdB e rk e le y, who d ie d 1 2 4 3 , a nd i s bu rie d in B rifto l ca th e dra l s ; fhe h a s the
m a nt le ga the re d o ve r he r a rms , a nd fa ll ing firit to he r k ne e s, a nd th e n to he r
fe e t : on he r he a d a n hood fa fie n e d u nde r he r chin , a nd fa l l ing ove r he r e a rs onh e r fhou lde rs .
From h e nce a n inte rv a l o f a bou t fifty ye a rs mo re ca rrie s u s to Qu e e n Ele a no r,1 2 90, who h a s the m a n t l e clofe rou nd the n e ck , op e n in front t i l l be low the
k ne e s, a nd on h e r flowing h a i r a co rone tB e twe e n the two l a lt thoo ld come in Ave l ine cou nte fs o f La nca tl e r, whofe
dre fs on he r monume n t in VVe llminfl’
e r a bbe y, a s de fcribe d by Si r jo fe ph Aylo i’fe ,
i s a loofe robe , o v e r th a t a ma n t le in e l e ga nt fo ld ings re a che s down to he r fe e t .
Pl. XXHI. p . 63 . Mon tf. l l . x xxv. 5 .3 Montf. l l . p . 163 . Pl . x x v u l . 15 . Pl . IX. f. 4 .
5 Pl . xw Pl. x x ut.
cl xxi v
Thoma s Ch a uce r’ s l a dy a t Ewe lme we a rs a ve i l cov e ring th e who le of h e r h e a d.
In a l l o r mo lt o f the fe ca fe s I doubt whe the r the h a i r be inclofe d in n e t wo rk ,a s the Sp a n i a rds of bo th fe x e s do u p th e irs in filk e n re dem
'
l/a r, o ve r which the
wome n th row a v e i l, or ga the re d u p in fome k ind of clo th a s fe ems to be the
c a fe On l a dy Be a u ch a mp’s figu re a t W a rwick in which fuch p la i ts a s the fe e vi
de ntl y a ppe a r to come rou nd a nd fin ifli in a fa cing o f th a t fort a nd on th a t o f
l fa be l duche s o f Cl a re nce , a bou t 1 4 7 7 , a tTewkfbury, i t i s mo re firongly m a rk t .
Th e fe we re the a nt ie nt cou'v e rc/J efi, in a fte r t ime s ca l le d ke rcbiefl'
.
One o f the Ma rmion l a d ie s a t Ta nfie ld, a bou t the re ign o f H e n ry Il l . or
Edwa rd I . h a s a clofe ih ort ca p fh ewing he r e a rs , bu t no h a ir.L a te r l a die s dre fi
'
e d the i r h a i r clofe r, with a n a rrowftudde d fil le t : the gown
pl a ite d, l a rge loofe fle e v e s, mi tte n s, a nd gi rd le . A litt le figu re in Che ih u nt chu rch
a ge unk nown h a s clofe bra ide d h a i r, wi th th is clofe he a ddre fs a nd fil le t, h e r e a rsl e ft u ncove re d : fhe we a rs a kind of loofe gown or frock, wi th ba g (l e e ve s olofe a t
th e wrift, a {l a nd ing ca p e or co l l a r, a nd mi tte n s on h e r h a nds .
W e fe e the he a ddre ffe s of the 1 4 th ce n tu ry trick t a nd frounce d in p roportion
a s mu ch a s in Dra yton’
s t ime
W i th dre fli ng, bra id ing, frou ncing, flowe ring,Al l you r jewe l s on me pou ring.
Or a s Sp e nfe r de fcribe s3,
Some frounce the i r cu rle d h a i r in cou rtl y gu ife ,Some p ra u nche th e i r rufi
'
e s
Th e fema le h e a ddre fs of the 1 4 th ce n tu ry a pp e a rs by the p ictu re of Ifa be lqu e e n o f Edwa rd l l . be fore c i te d, in a MS o f Froifi
'
a rt, in th e king of Fra nce ’s
l ibr a ry 5,to h a v e be e n o f th e fuga r- lo a f or con ica l form, v e ry h igh , wi th l a ce
flo a t ing in the a ir : a fa fh ion wh ich Mon tfa u con obfe rve s con tinu e d in Fr a nce
n e a r two ce n tu rie s, to the e nd of the fifte e n th . A l a dy in Mr.W a lpo le’s p ic
‘
tu re
o f He n ry V I . whom he t a ke s for j a que l in a du che fs o f B e dford, in a widow’
s
h a bi t,h a s the fame h e a ddre fs .
So h a ve fe ve ra l l a d i e s in Mon tfa ucon , who ca l l s it a conic orn ame n t, whichcon t inu e d in fa fh ion ne a r two ce n tu rie s, a nd on Ma ry of Bu rgund y, wi fe o f the
Empe ro r M a x imi l i a n , a pp e a rs o f a n e xtra o rd in a ry le ngth, h a ving fa fte n e d on the
top a ve ry long ga u ze , which h a ngs down on both fide s to th e grou nd6. This
i s the o rigi n o f our l a pp e ts . l fa be l de Bou rbon wi fe of Ch a rle s duk e o f B u r
gundy h a s the fa me he a ddre fs, wh ich Mon tfa ucon th e re ca l l s a fug a r/oa f, from
the form, wh e nce fa l l s a ga uz e fo fine a nd loofe th a t thou gh it co v e rs h e r e y e sa nd the gre a te lt p a rt o f he r f a ce ,
.
h e r fe a tu re s a re fe e n diftinétly th rough’.
l fa be l de M a i l le wife o f John de Brie we a rs th a t gre a t po in t e d h e a ddre fs which
con t inu e d n e a r two ce n tu ri e s , a nd l a fie d t i l l ne a r the e nd o f th e fifte e n th 8. Se e
a lfo Ma rga re t o f Scot l a nd, who ma rr ie d the D a u ph in of Fr a nce , fou Of Ch a rl e sV l I.
I 4 3 69.
Wh e n l fa l) e l o f B a v a ri a , the v a in vo lup tuou s confo rt o f Ch a rl e s V I . o f Fra nce ,k e p t he r cou rt a t V ince nne s, 1 4 1 6, i t wa s fo und n e ce fi
'
a ry to ma k e a l l the
doo rs o f the p a l a ce bo th highe r a nd wide r, to a dmi t th e h e a ddre ife s o f the
qu e e n a nd h e r l a d ie s H e r rich dre fs a nd t ra in m a y be fe e n in Mon tfa u con,
who a dds, we h a ve not ye t fe e n a qu e e n fo fe t ofl'
a s {h e
The h igh h e a ddre fs wa s howe v e r in fa fhion fifty y e a rs be fore ; a s we fe e bythe d u tche fs o f Bre t a gne , 1 3 4 1
Pl. L.
1 Nov. Elyf, Nymph. U. vo l . p . 146.
1 F . Q. I . IV . I 4 .
4 fromf r'om'
e r , Fr. to curl. Montf. I I . x u i . p . 2 33 .
Mon tfl l v . n . p . 59.7 III
,LXIV . z . lb. 111. p . 166. Pl. Ln .
9 lb. l l [ . x x x vrn .
jo uve na l de s Ur li ns give s thi s curiou s a ccount of them Et qu e lqu e gu e rre qu'i l y e u t, t e mpéte s c t tribu l a tiont ,le s d a me s ct d amoifc ll e s me noicn t gra nds a t e x ce ih fs cta ts , c l corne r me rve il le ufcs , ha u te s ct lungue s , c t a voiz nt decha cu n coté. e n lie n de bou rle cs
,de u x gra nde s o re i l le s (i longcs que qu a nd il s vou loie nt pa il e r l ’huis d ’
une chambre
i l fa l loit qu ‘
e lle s fe to u rna fle nt dc co t!I ct ba i lf a tTe n t , ou e lle s n’
e u il e u t pu p a ti n .
” Bra ntome fa ys , Ou donn e le
l a s a l a re yne l fa bcl le dc Ba vie re , fe mme de roi Cha rle s VI . d'a voi r a pporté e n Fra nce le s pompcs 84 it s gorgia fciczpou r bie n ha bille r fupcrbcme nt ct gorgia feme nt l e s d ame s . H itt de l a Re ine Ma rgu e rite .
Villa re t , X1”. 4 2 3 . Nouftre lct, f. 39. co l . 2 . Pa fquie r, p. 5~78. H e nry's Hill . of Engl a nd, V . 5 57.
Il l . xxv. p . l e s. 11. x t v. p. 2 56.
cl x itv
Tb fupport th e bre a dth o f the fe dre ffe s the y ha d a k ind of a rtific ia l horn one a ch fide o f the h e a d, be nd ing u pwa rds, on which ma ny fo lds o f r ibba nd s a ndo th e r o rn a me n t s we re fufp e nde d . From the top o f th e ho rn on the r ight fide
a fire a me r o f filk , or fome o th e r l ight fa brick , wa s hung, wh ich wa s fome time sa l lowe d to fly loofe , a nd fome time s brought ove r the bofom, a nd wra p t a bou tth e le ft a rm The fe ho rne d he a ddre ffe s , imp e rfe ct l y re p re fe nte d by Mr.Stru t t: from i l lumin a te d MSS.
'
a re wh a t a re oth e rwife ca l le d mitre d, a nd fe emto h a ve be e n in troduce d a bou t the re ign of R ich a rd II.Th e h e a ddre fs d e fcribe d by Rofs a s be fo r e cit e d a s “ t i a r a a l ta e t cornu ta ,
”
a nd known to a n t iqu a rie s by the n ame of mitre d, i s not fo common on fore igna s o n Engl iih monume n t s, though fre qu e n t in i l lumina t ion s in Mon tfa ucon
’s
tome III. Mr. Pe nn a n t ’ ca l l s it a rema rk a ble mitre -jba pe d ca p,de fcribing the monume n t o f Si r Thoma s a nd l a dy Bo te le r, in W a rr ington chu rch , a bou t the t ime ofEdwa rd th e Fi ril . I a m l e d to d ifirufi my own conje étu re on the monu
m e nt s a flign e d to the Fit z W a lt e r fa m i l y a t Dunmow, wh e re the kn ighth a s pl a te d a rmou r, a nd the l a dy the mitred he a ddre fs ; bo th which we re not
int roduce d t i l l two ce n tu ri e s l a te r. I ca n on l y p le a d the tr a d i t ion o f the p l a ce ,fu pporte d by the re giite r o f the hou fe , a nd fuppofe the monume n ts ma de folong a fte r th e t ime of the pe rfons
’ de a th th a t no re ga rd wa s p a id to th e dre fs
o f the t ime wh e n th e y l ive d . Comp a re my p rin t of th i s monume n t wi thth a t in An t iq . Re p e rt . III . p . 1 7 . M a t i lda h a s wh a t Mon tfa u con wou ld ca llthe Mortie r , the ma nt l e , the {tra i t-bodie d l ong— {l e e ve d tun ic, a co l l a r o f SS .a nd a p rofufion of j ewe l s a nd rings . No figu re l ike he rs is to be found in the
Monume ns de l a Mon a rch ie Fra ncoife .
The h e a ddre fs o f l a dy Sa y, x 4 7 3 , in Brox born chu rch , re fembl e s a cy l inde rwi th hoop s, h a ving wi re s a t the e nd to buo y ou t the flowing v e il . She h a s
a k in d o f fa l l ing double ca p e of fur a nd l a ce , a nd a j a ck e t u nde r h e r fu rcotr e a ching to the k n e e . Joa n de Bok e nh a m, in Gre a t L ive rmore chu rch , Sufi
’
o lk, a nd
a l a dy a t Long Me lford in the fa me coun t y, a bou t 5 , h a s fuch a n h e a ddre fs.
Th e he a ddre fs wa s fome time s poin te d a t top l i ke a p e dime n t . So Aubre y
de fcribe s th e wi fe o f on e o f the Mo rtime rs e a rl o f Ma rch, in th e t ime o f Ed
wa rd Il I. in M a u le chu rch , c. He re ford . H e fa ys i t wa s ma de of ve l ve t or cloth
e mbro ide re d . H e nry the Se ve n th’ s Que e n, in a p ictu re by Ho lbe in, a t Wh iteh a l l, i s fuch . Su ch i s Anne Bu l le yn
’s r e pu te d port ra i t a t H e ve r C a ftl e ,
a t Kno l l , 8t c.
M a rga re t coun te fs o f Sa l ifbury, d a ughte r of th e k ing-ma ke r e a r l o f Wa rwick,
be he a de d 1 5 4 1 , h a s th is k ind of h e a ddre fs l ike (0 m a ny on tombs 4 . I t ca me
in a bou t th e re ign o f H e n ry V I I . a nd i s v e ry common on (tone figu re s, bra ffe s ,a nd p ictu re s . I h a ve not fou nd on e in fi a nce o f i t ou t o f th i s co un t r y .
l n ll a nce s o f th is d i v ide d h e a ddre fs not fo h igh a re to be fou nd a mong th e
ho u fe o f Bou rbon in the m idd le of the 1 5 th“
ce n tu ry, on M a ry wife o f Pe te r
d’
Orge mon t, 1 4 705, a nd two o th e r l a d ie s o f the re ign of Lou i s XII o n wh ich
l a li Mon t fa u con obfe rv e s ’
, th a t th e y a re dre fi: in the h a bi t o f the t ime s, a nd
th e i r h e a ddre fs i s e x tra o rd in a ry, a nd bo th dre it 'e l ik e . Se e a lfo two l a d ie s a bou t
the m idd le of th e 1 4 th ce n tu ry8
a nd the two p e a ks gr a du a l l y dimin ifhe d a lmofi
to a co nca v e fo rm in the monume n t s o f the fu cce cding a ge . On the l a d ie s of
th e Fu nta yn e fa mi l y a t N a rfo rd, c . No rfo lk , 1 4 5 3 .9 the fe p e a k s a pp e a r to the
v e i l , wh ich o n on e o f the wi ve s is fla t, a s on l a dy H a rcou rt a bou t 1 4 70 .
The ba rbe orwimple wa s a kind of ch in-cloth o f fine l ine n,wo rn by mou rne rs.N o l a dy u nde r th e de gre e of a ba rone fs wa s p e rmi t te d to we a r i t on he r ch in .
Kn ight s wi ve s we re to we a r i t unde r the ir chin s ; a nd e fqu ire s‘ wi ve s a nd
Montf. I I . pl . V I . I I . x nv. Voya ge to the H e bride s , p . t o.
Se c Ant. Re pcrl . IV. 169. Montf. IV. n . 5. lb. Pl. a fte r x x vm . a . 3 .
IV . p. 146 I I I. u v. 9, 9. Blomtf. fl l . 5 2 3 .
ge n t lewome n
cl xxv i
ge n tl ewome n of note wore th em be ne a th th e i r th ro a ts This i s the obfe rva tiono f Si r Jofe ph Aylofi
'
e , in de fcribing th a t o f Ave l in e , bu t we h a v e no a uthor i t yfor i t.Mr. Pe nna nt ‘ de fcribe s a figu re in a n a rch in the wa l l o f W a rrington chu rch
in'
a long robe mufli e d up to the chin ; a gh a ftl y figu re ; the h e a d wra p t in a
fort of ca p , a nd bound with a n e a t fil le t . Wh a t ide a do e s th i s de fcription con
v e y ? or i s the gha ftly figu re a prie ft or a l a dy in a wimp l e
Gymple a nd fa rcot a re fema le h a bi t s in the Roma n de l a Rofe , l. 8 0 1 6 . 9 3 4 9 .
D'u ng cha pp e ron e n l ie u de vo i le .
Su r l a Gw’
mp/e e u ft cou ve rte fa te li c. l . 1 3 4 3
The wife o f B a th wa s ywimp/ed we l l 3 .
I t a pp e a rs to p e rfect ion on th e hra fs figu re s o f Jo a n wi fe o f John Cobh a m,
a nd th e l a d y a t Worce fie r, in th e i 4 th, a nd on the figu re o f co u nte fs Ave l in ein th e 1 3 th ce n tu ry ; a nd re ma rk a bl y we l l p l a i t e d on one of a bbe fie s a t Elnfiow.
I t i s a lfo p l a i te d on the wife of S ir Thoma s Ch a u ce r a t Ewe lme , 1 4 3 6.
Ame l ia wi fe o f Lewi s Ele£tor of B a va ri a , 1 5 0 2 , h a s the wimp le ove r he rmou th 4
; a nd fo ha s M a rga re t wi fe of H e n ry III . d uk e o f Brun fwic, 1 5 2 8 . On a
bu ll in th e ce i l ing o f Linco ln cloifie r i t a fl’
ume s a d iff e re n t form, a s i f p inn e d u pu nde r th e ch in to the coif s.
In Fr a nce we fe e the wimp le on l fa be l d’Al e ncon, M a ry de Bre t a gn e , a nd
I fa be l d’Arto is, nu n s o f St. Lou i s d e Poifi
'
y, a bou t 1 3 5 0, 1 3 4 4 , 1 3 7 1 , ve ryfiifi
'
, l ik e a ch in-cloth , wi th a fira it gorge t, on Ma rga re t cou nte fs o f Evre ux ,1 3 1 1 , in the j a cobine s chu rch a t Pa ris, a nd Al ice cou nte fs o f Bre t a gn e , 1 2 2 1 ,
a t Ive d de Bra in a nd with the gorge t p l a ite d on j oa n que e n o f N a v a rre , 1 3 4 9 ,o ve r h e r h e a rt in the fa me chu rch, a nd on the fl ame ove r he r corp fe a t St .D e n i s. C a the rine duche fs Al e ncon , in the C a it hu li a n ch u rch a t Pa r is, 1 4
Thie ph a ine l a Ma gine we t nu rfe o f M a ry o f Anjou a nd h e r bro th e r Re ne king ofS ici l y h a s the wimp l e a nd d ivide d he a ddre fs on he r tomb a t Not re D ame deS a umu r, 1 4 5 8 . He r figu re ho lds the ch ildre n fwa ddl e d in h e r h a nds, a nd o ve rh e r i s th i s te nde r e p i t a ph
at? gut ta nourttt”
itbttpba l'
nc
iLa ma gtnc qui a t gra nt pa intit nottrt
'
r he l e t tn tnfa nct
Qua rtz b‘
zi njou as e pti c he stra t usa i t a pa rt {on tru e mite
EDuCmutton ct Inputs mimeexamine tutor ct my be Quil lsth a t a boulu tn terre vil l e
ta unt gra nt amour tit nouritutcjfa rre fa ftpu
‘
l ture
be run a l a utrt nu Debuts fa qut’
ttc
pour a nuir gra te tt tout Denutt
£1911c are er unqua ntt ct buttbu ma rs ht ma ts rm’
tour.
31a boa s prle tous pa t butt a moura ffin queue a nt utt pou nu 11mDonne; l a y a n p a rt e norm.
Sir j. Aylofic ubi (up. note . Voy. to the Hebride s , p .
'
1o
f Cha uce r, l . 4 71 . Ryne r, Monume nl a La ndgra viorumThu rmgja r, 8m. C a rte r , N°8.
He l e n
t cl xxv i i i
d e n to we a r it Such a n h a bi t wa sworn by foldie rs a t hom'
e , but not permit“
.
te d on fe rvice In a MS . ci te d by Ch a rpe n t ie r in voc .
'Surcotium, the long a nd
fhort fu rcot a re e x pre fs ly d iftingu ifh e d, a nd the l a tte r h a s fl e e ve s to i t. Uh
[ a re a l [om de ma bre fou rre de gro s ve r, u n furcot d e ma bra fou rré de gros ve r,a ma nche s fourre e s d e l e a ffe s .
"So a l fo Ph i l . Mou fk e s in C a rolo M .
A tou sjou rs e n iv ie r fi ot
A ma m a : u h nov ie l furcot
Fou rre de v a i r 8c de goupis
Pou r ga rde r fon co rps se fon p‘
is .
And in Vitae p a trumMSS a mong fema le a pp a re l a re e nume ra te d,
Lor fe urcorr a t lo rs corte s bote s,Lt font fa i re l e s longe r cote :
011 a fe p t a u ne s e t de mi e .
Th e ma te ri a l s o f which the fhort furcot wa s co'
mpofe d, h e re ca l ledmafia ,
we re c loth or fl u ff o f va riou s co lou rs, or, a s we (hou ld nowfa y,mam/e d p a tte rn .
Ma bre o r ma ubr e , or the La t in ma rbrinur;ma rbre tur, or mebréttgr, be ing a l l
d e ri ve d from the Fre nch ma rbre , a nd e xp l a ine d p a nnm e x fi/ir (liv e r/i cl fv a rii
color ir te x tur, or (imp; tz'
x ur de dive r/e r l a imr comme ma rbre r ou ca me/ins . A MS
ci t e d by Ch a rp e nt ie r h a s“fupe rtum
'
ca le de ma rbre to fou rra tum de bougre !’
Ano the r me n t ion s u ne cote de ma rbre nu e fve a femme 3. The fe ve ra l co lou rs
o f th is ma rbre a re re ci te d in a n a nt ie n t a ccoun t book , 1 3 5 14, v e rde k t, v er
me i/le t, broufe qu in, ca zgne z , a cole , de gra ine , do ye n .
As a long boddi'
ce or gown ope n a t the a rms l ike i t, a nd of a p ie ce with it,the fu rcot a pp e a rs on Jo a n qu e e n of N a va rre , a t St . De n i s, 1 3 4 9 5; Joa n qu e e n of
Ch a rle s V .
‘a nd th re e p rince fi
'
e s o f th a t re ign7; M a ry d a ughte r o f Cha rle s IV.
1 3 4 13
; Bl a nche de N a va rre , 1 3 4 99; Bl a nche de Fra nce , 1 3 9 2 a lfo on Phi l ip
a nd John fons of Lou i s Vl l l . who d ie d you ng, be fore th e i r fa th er, who die d1 2 2 6 a nd on C a th a rin e counte fs o f Ve ndofme , 1 4 1 2 .
The fu rco t a nd gown a nd m a n t le a pp e a r u n i te d wi th th e mi tre d he a ddre f'
s in
the po rtra it s o f a f a mi l y in th e windows of the a bbe y chu rch of St . Pe re a t
Ch a rtre s . M a rga re t d e Fe ire re s wife o f John lord de Flonguy a nd Pome re l ,1 4 1 4 , in Eft re e a bbe y, No rma ndy, h a s the re t icu l a te d he a ddre fs a nd furcot,
a nd he r a rms a re ho rfe - (h oe s .M a rga re t de Pa fi a jo l ly ( l a me in the chu rch o f Cha rtre e s n e a r Me lu n , 1 3 5 7,
h a s a p l a in fu l l fu rcot a nd p e tt ico a t, a nd bu tton e d long fle e v e s, ma n t le a nd
wimp le , a nd re t icu l a te d he a ddre fs, fhewing v e ry l it t l e h a i r. Agn e s d’
Au tun ,in the fa me chu rch, i s h a bi te d in the fa me ftyl e , bu t wi thout a ma n t le , a nd h a s
a l itt le co ron e t .Of this form i t a p pe a rs on Ifa be l duche fs of Cl a re nce a tTewk fburyIn its fhorte r form, Mon tfa u con firft gi ve s i t the n ame o ffurcot, wh e n h e de
fcribcs i t on M a ry o f Bu rgu nd y wife of the Emp e ror M a x imi l i a n,who d ie d 1 4 8a nd on whom i t a ppe a rs intire ly o f fu rr. Elle por l e , fa ys h e , a n fu rco t d
’be rmine r.
I t con t inu e d to the midd le o f the 1 6th ce n tu ry, a nd he gi v e s on Su fa nn e de
C o e fme s wi fe o f Lo u i s lo rd o f Rou i l le a nd Gra nvi l le ,“fur l e ba u t de fa j uppe e ll:
por t a n fu rcot a l a m a n ie re a ncie nne Swe e t i s a lfo me n t ion e d in the l ift
Sta t. Coura di a rchicpi Co lo n ie n li s . Du C a nge , v. Symo tum,e x c0nflitutionibu1 Frede rici re git Sici liz , c. 96.
3 The ta m'
ca a uda x', o r o r col ! a rdfe , a ga rme nt common to both fe x e s, but e x pre fsly diflinguifh e d from the
jupe rtn fm lr o r furrol , wa s a l fo ma de o f ma rbrr, a nd fa ce d with furr. Cha rpe ntie r, v. Ha rdl'a m u m'ra .
Comput. Ste ph. de Font. a rge n t . re g. Cha rpe nt . v. Ma rlmu u.
Mon l f. l l . 3 . l b. Il l . 11 11 . 5 . HI. 11111. 1 . 3. 4 .
l l . 6. l b. 4 . lb. 5 .lb. l l . x vn r. l b. l l l . x xx iv. a .
'3 l V . v 1.
In Rou s's life o fRicha rd Be a ucha mp e a rl of W a rwick, Bib. Co t. Jul . E.W . e ngr ave d in Stru tt, H. x u . the Q .
pre fs t e rma ny ha s i t ; bu t he r a tte nda nts a nd the Engiifh la die s , p l . 1 1. 1x . a t th e be ginning of the 1 5 th ce ntury ,
have i t like a modem flay. IV. n i x . 4 . p . 365 .
cl x x ift
o f a pp a re l be fo re ci t ed from the Roma n de l a Rofe ,’
and i n Cha uce r’sFlowe r a nd Le a f, l 1 4 1 . The firfl in fl a n
'
ce o f i t in Fr a nce I fin d in the
figu re of Ifabe l o f B a va ri a“
qu e e n o f Ch a rle s VI. I t a pp e a rs in fou r d iff e re n tfo rts o f dre il
'
és firfl , ope n l ike a me re borde r, on Gil le tte dé l a' Fon ta ine wi fe
o f H a mori B a guie r, tre a fure r to Ch a r le s V I . a nd on Joa n de Sa nce re , in the
fou rte'
e n'
th ce ntury, who h a s a fl oma che r i n front o v e r i t 3 ; a lfo on th e qu e e no f C h a rle s V a nd on Jo a n wife o f John duk e o f B e rri fon o f Ch a rle s V I .a bou t 1 3 89, a nd he r two d a ughte rs .
5 Se condly, the l ike op e n’
borde r wi tha fl oma che r ov e r it in fron t on J a qu e l ine d e Mon t a gu
6 Thirdl y, th e borde r a nd
flom a ch’
e r of'
on e p ie c e , a s on Jo a n de Bou ch a rd a nd Agne s de Bou rgogn e’
;in wh ich la f-l infl a nce i t e ild s in a fl ra it l ine a nd on V a l e n t in a d a ughte rof JohnG a l e a zzo Vifconti duk e of Mila n a nd wife o f Lou i s duk e of Orl e a ns, 14 08 ,
9
a n d on Bla nch e“
dc Couci wi fe o f Hugh cou n t d e Rou ci, 1 3 9 5 i t a ffume s a
d iffe re n t fo rm. On the wi fe o f Olive r de Cl iffon confl a bl e o f Fra nce , who h a sa lfo the re t icu l a te d he a ddre fs, it i s of fui' a s on Va le n t ina be fo re me n t ion e d ;a nd on M a rga re t of Orle a n s, 1 4 66 on Joa
‘
n d a ughte r o f king John’ 3 a nd on
Fra nce s d’Ambo ife . On Agne s d e Bou rgogne wife of Cha rle s I du ke o f
Bou rbon, in the middle o f the 1 s th ce ntu ry the floma che r a nd furcot a re o f
on e p ie ce ; Mon t fa u co n fa y s h e r dre fs h a s nothing uncommon ’ 5. La fl l y, the
wi fe of De n i s de Ch a i l l y o f the fame d a te , h a s fu rcot; j a ck e t, a nd fl e e ve s, a l l
o f one p ie ce Ifa be l wi fe of John d e Bri e lo rd o f S e rra nt ha s a clo fe j a cke tor boddice with fl e e ve s, but no borde r " . The floma che r 1s a lfo va rie d . On
M a ry d a ughte r of Cha rl e s IV. 1 3 4 1 . it i s di v ide d a nd fqu a re a nd on Ma rga re tdo B e a ujie u , 1 3 3 6 di v ide d a nd po in te d on Jo a n que e n of N a va rre ; I 3 4 9a nd M a ry cou nte fs o f Evre u x, 1 3 79 l ingle , a nd rou nde d oh
‘
a t the po in t. It
h a s fre qu e n t l y a f1ll e t of j ewe l s runn ing down the midd leThe furcot is a lfo Wo rn by Jo a n d a ughte r of Lou i s Hu tin a nd he r d a ugh
tcr Bl a nche o f N a v a rreThe co unte fs of Rou cy, 1 4 1 0, a t Y ve d de Bra in e , h a s th e fu rcot fl udde d
in fron t, the gown wi th long fl e e ve s powde re d wi th fp re a d e a gle s, a nd th e
fk irt embl a zon e d, a coe ffe ure of j ewe l s a nd lap pe t s Ioofe a t the (ide s he r h e a d ona bl a zon e d cu fh ion . Ano the r cou nte fs o f Ro ucy, 1 3 96, h a s the wimp le a nd
v e i l , ma n t le bl a zone d, l in e d with e rm in e , which a pp e a rs in a n e lega n t f a l l, a
limi t gown, with ba g fl e e ve s, a nd u n de r them with in h e r cufh ion, bl a zone d
a t th e e nds, bu t p l a in u nde r he r h e a d .
C a th a rin e d’Al e nfon du che fs in B a v a ri a cou nte fs Morta ign wife o f Y e fme de
St. SiIVa ing a nd du Thu i t in No rma ndy, who d ie d 1 4 6 2 , h a s on h e r monu
me n t in th e chu rch o f St . Ge n e v i e ve du Mon t, the ve i l, wimp le , m a nt le , gown,mit te n fle e Ve s , fu rcot fa ce d with p re ciou s flone s . So h a s C a th a rine d
'
Al e n
for!wife of Pe te r de N a v a r re e a rl o f Morta yn, 1 4 1 2, in the C a rthufia n church
a t Pa ris ; but h e r fu rcot i s ov e r he r ma nt le, a nd he r he a ddre fs fl ifi
’
e r. C a th a
rine cou n te fs of Ve ndofme , in S t. Ge orge’s chu rch a t V e ndofme , h a s a cordon
fa fl e ne d l ik e a n e fcuch e on be fore h e r furcot ; h e r fl e e ve s e nd in wriflba nds .
The fame cordon i s on M a ry of Sp a in cou nte fs d’
Evre u x wife o f Ch a rle s d’Al e n
con Ifa be l d’Artois, 1 3 79, a t the a bbe y of Eu , h a s the fu rcot o ve r the ma n
tl e , wh ich f a l l s ba ck , a nd mit te n fl e e ve s fo h a s He le n de Me lun wife of Ch a rle s
d’
Artois co un t of Eu , 1 4 7 2, in the a bbe y of St.Anthoine a t Pa ri s. Joa n de Sa u
Montf. l |l. xxv. l b. II I. x xx" . 9. Ih. II. 3.
III. 111 .
5 I I I. x x vm . 5 . ma n . 4 .
l b. x i v . 6. l b.I . x x v u . a .
1h.x xxv
4
. 5 . Lobinesa u , I. 678. Month l l l . I
,'3 l b. 111 11. a . l b. III. 1 . 5. p . a 6l .
’ 5 n’
a n e n que d’ord ina u'c;
Montf. Il l . 1.1v. 0. lb. 1 17 . 4 . I I . a l z . 6.
4 . lb. II. 3 88. pl . L. 4. a .
III. 7 . 9. 1 1. 4 . 1 1. 8. II. pl . 4 .a .
clxxx
ve u fe wife of Ch a rle s d’Artois cou n t of Eu , who die d 1 4 4 8 , h a s’
th'
e fam'
e fu rcht
a nd wrifl ba ndJ l e e ve s, but no m a nt le , on he r tomb in Eu a bbe y chu rch .
Bla nche o f N a v a rre , fe cond wi fe o f Phil ip d e V a loi s, who d ie d 1 3 98 ;
B la nche cou nte fs o f B e a umon t, d a ughte r o f Ch a rle s the F a ir, 1 3 9 2 ; Ma ry
d a ughte r of Ch a rl e s IV. 1 3 4 1 a nd Jo a n d a ughte r o f Lou i s Hu t in a nd wife of
Phi l ip co’
un t d’
Evre u x , a nd o the r l a die s of th is p e riod h a ve fome h a bit
l ik e a bib a nd a p ron or l ong fl oma ch e r, u nde r the i r ma n t le s a nd o ve r th e i r
gown s . The fl a tuc o f th e l a tte r l a dy, on the tomb wh ich con ta in s he r h e a rt inth e Dom in ica n chu rch a t Pa ri s h a s on i t s he a d, in fl e a d of a corone t
,on l y a
c i rcle , or a k ind o f mo rti e r, l ik e h e r hu sba nd ; a nd M a ry cou nte fs d ’Al e ncon ,
1 3 7 93, h a s a fl udde d i l r a p th a t h a ngs down ove r h e r long furcot in fron t.
W i th u s i t i s firll fe e n o n Edwa rd the Third’s in fa n t d a ughte r B l a unch del a Tou r, who ha s a p l a in bo rde r o v e r he r furco t, wh ich i s bu ttone d in fron t ;a lfo the long clo fe bu ttone d fl e e v e s a nd ma nt le , fa fl e n e d a cro fs the bre a fl ,
bu t no co rdon . Se e a lfo the po rtra i t o f Jo a n wife o f th e Bl a ck Prince , inSt ru t t, p l . x x x v . A Ma rmion a t Ta nfi e ld
,fuppo fe d of the re ign o f He n ry III.
or Edwa rd I . h a s i t .Ma rga re t wi fe o f John de Ve re e a rl o f O x fo rd, who d i e d 1 5 1 3 , h a d the
fu rcot a nd a pron , the forme r fa ce d wi th e rmine , wi th long clofe fl e e v e s : a
t ri a ngu l a r co rdon confine s he r ma n t l e rou nd h e r n e ck a ne ckl a ce , a nd on he r
h e a d a fl udde d morte r o r fil l e te d corone t .
The ma nt le o f M a u d de Cobh am i s fa fte ne d be low the n e ck with a doubleco rd to two rofe s . H e r ju fl a ucorps h a s a p e ttico a t with a long fringe .
Th e wife of R ich a rd Poyn ings, 1 4 20, be fore me n t ione d , h a s th e fame ju li a n e
co rp s, bu t te rmin a te d in fo lds : the u pp e r p a rt o f i t a bove the co rdon i s ihfcribe dmu,mt? L a dy C ro fby h a s a ju fl a ucorp s e x a cl y fitte d to he r fha p e .
The dre fs of M a rga re t d e Be a uj e u wife o f Ch a rle s de Montmo re n ci, whod i e d 1 3 3 6, a ma n t le le tt ing he r a rms through the fl its, Mon tfa ucon note s a s
v e ry rema rk a ble 5 .The l a dy o f S ir R ich a rd H a rco u rt, who wa s fla in 1 4 70, h a s a f urcot a nd
a pron , a nd clofe robe , the fl e e ve s bu t tone d to the wrifl ; o ve r i t a loofe m a n t l e ,ga th e re d o ve r a nd u nde r h e r fe e t a fa l l ing v e i l cove rs he r he a d, a nd conce a l sh e r h a i r. The ga rte r i s rou nd he r le ft a rm ju fl a bov e the e lbow. This i s theth i rd in fl a nce o f a l a dy wi th the ga rte r ; th e counte fs o f Su ffo lk a t Ewe lme i sthe fe cond, a nd ha s th e fa me dre fs , with a double co rdon, the m a nt le fo lde do ve r a nd u nde r he r fe e t, the ga rt e r rou nd he r l e ft wrifl , the v e i l a nd wimp leto h e r chin, a nd a coron e t on h e r he a d .
The wi fe of Oud a rt H u a rt, a t Orca mp, 1 2 5 9, h a s he r ma n t l e powde re d infron t wi th fhie lds of he r a rms . H e r a rms come ou t a s from a horfema n
’
s gre a tco a t, le a v ing the ma n t le clofe in fron t .In Efl o ile a bbe y is a figu re o f a l a d y in a ma n tl e
,long 'bu tton e d fl e e ve s,
wimp le , a nd v e i l . At the {ide s o f the tomb fi x figu re s, two or th re e re l igiou s,a woma n in a po in te d bone t, a ma n in hood a nd doubl e t, a woma n re cl in ingOn right a rm, wh ich re fl s on l e ft h a nd ; the fix th m a y a lfo be a re l igi ou s .The c a pe o f the ma n t l e i s u nbu tton e d in fron t, a nd fa l l ing down, on the
figu re o f M a ry wi fe o f John de Bre tigni, u nd a t e d, in Orca mp a bbe y .
Jo a n de St. V e ra in, 1 2 97, h a s a l a rge ca pe wi th bu ttons to h e r ma n t l e , l iketh a t of a horfe ma n‘
s gre a t co a t". Such a pp e a rs on the figu re o f judge Ga fco igne
’
s
l a dy a t H a rwood he r wa ifl i s rema rk a bl y thort, a nd the ju fl a u corps p l a ite d a nd
g irt rou nd i t with a bro a d be l t fa fl e ne dwi th a l a rge buck le . The l a d ie s of JohnFunt a yn
’
s fa mi l y. a t N a rfo rd in No rfo lk , 1 4 5 3, h a ve the fa me k ind o f be l t a lmofl
H uru f. l l . x 1. 1x . 4 , 5, 6. A third infl ame o f double fla tuct , tobe a dde d to thofe be fore me ntioned.
l b. 1 . 4 Pl . XLIV .5 II. 4 . 11. xxx i x. z.
cl x x x n
The wi fe of John de Rocqu emon t, a bou t 1 3 2 7, in the a bbe y chu rch of
Ch a rtris, h a s th e long bu ttone d fle e v e s ilfu ing from o th e rs which re a ch o n l y to
h e r e lbows .
In B a rbe a u a bbe y Ma ry d e Ga un e ffe , 1 3 2 1 , h a s _the wimp le a nd the ma n ip le
hu ng a cro fs h e r le ft a rm, l ik e the n u n s o f Po rt Roy a l . Eme l in e de Mon t ie r,in the fa me chu rch, 1 3 02 , h a s a p l a it e d m a n t le a nd fa l le n ca p e o f m in i ve r.This l a dy, a nd a no th e r in the fa me p l a ce , we a r a fingl e j ewe l on the tu n ic
u nde r the ma nt le , not inte nde d a s a fa fl e n ing, bu t a n o rn a me n t : a nd the l ikeis o n the bre a ft o f th e tu n ic o f Te ba ld dc Mon tmore nce .
L a dy C ro fby h a s a ve ry clofe gown , wi th a kind o f fla t tucke r a t h e r n e ck,the fl e e ve s long a nd clofe , cove ring o ve r the ba ck o f the h a nd ; a be l t girt
obl iqu e l y round he r wa ifl ; the co rdon fa l l ing a t he r right fide the fe e t o f the
gown ga th e re d u p clo fc : a fl ifi'
op e n ma n t le o ve r he r fhou lde rs down to he r
h e e ls, a nd on h e r he a d a clo fe fl ifi'
ca p wi th l a ppe t s a t he r e a rs, a nd fl a t on the
top , a nd a ve i l fly ing be hind .
M a ry o f H a in a u l t d a ughte r of John I I . cou n t of H a in a u l t, wi fe o f Lou is I .duk e o f Bou rbon , a u n t to our qu e e n Phi l ipp a , we a rs in a d ra wing e ngra ve d
by Mon tfa ucon the fa me long fle e ve s a s he r n ie ce on he r tomb a t W e tlminfl e r.
So doe s the wi fe o f J a k eme s Lo uca rt l fa be l co u n te fs o f Cle rmont, who d ie d
1 3 8 53,though Mon tfa u con 4 d a te s them o f the fift e e n th Ce ntu ry, wh e n the
MS whe re th is is p a inte d wa s writte n . The y a pp e a r howe ve r on the l a die s o fCh a rl e s V’
s cou rt 5 .
The firfl a rt icle on the figu re of cou nte fs Ave l ine i s a loofe robe ; o ve r th a t ama nt le in e le ga n t fo ld ings re a ch e s down to h e r fe e t 6.
On e o f the mofl e l ega n t l y dre fl fema l e figu re s in th is col l e él ion i s th a t o f thewi fe o f Si r John de C re yk in the re ign of Edwa rd I . He r v e i l fa l l s in gra ce fu lfo lds ; he r tun ic h a s long clofe p l a in fl e e ve s, h e r ma n tle with a fca l lopt hem,
a nd fa fi e ne d a t th e bre a fl wi th a p la in cordon, fo lds a bou t he r 43 la Gre cque . .
M a h a u t cou nte fs o f Bo logne h a s a lorig clofe gown wi th long clofe fl e e ve s
l ike a fh ift, a nd on he r h e a d a fi l le t a do rne d wi th p e a rls7, fa fl e ne d u nde r h e r
ch in by ribba nds . Jo a n , a fu cce e d in g counte fs, h a s the fame robe gi rt wi th a
be l t, a nd thre e difl inft fringe s or bro a d h ems a t the bottom o f i t 3, a nd the l ike
fi l le t on he r flowing tre ffe s .
The cordon on on e of the figu re s a t the fi de o f l a dy Monta cu te ’s tomb in
Chrifl Chu rch, Oxfo rd, fe ems to h a ng from the wa ift on l y, from the po in t o fth e wa ifl co a t, which is bu tton e d in fron t. The h a bi t of a no th e r fema le figu ret he re re fembl e s a mode rn gown ga th e re d ba ck .
M a rga re t wi fe o f J a k eme s Louca rt,’fqu ire to t he k ing of Fr a nce , a nd foun
d e r of Ma gda le n ch a p e l a t Orca mp , h a s a po in t e d n e ck e rch ie f o f e rmine , or ra
th e r the ca pe of he r ma n t le tu rn e d ou t in th a t fh a pe , long bu ttone d fl e e ve , thewimp le a nd ve i l
9. Joa n de S t . Ve r a in in Va u lu ifa nt a bbe y h a s the l ik e , but
fhorte r a nd Joa n qu e e n of N a v a rre
The wife o f John Ch a fl e l a in o f Thoroti a nd lord of Hovre court, 1 3 5 3 , h a s
a l ik e ne cke rchie f, {10p e d o ff a t bo ttom, he r gown flowe re d, a nd fl u dde d wriflb a nds, a nd h e r ma n tl e bl a zone d, h e r h e a ddre fs re t icul a te d, a nd he r ve i l broughtclo fe to he r e ye s . This i s the monume n t I comp a re d wi th th a t o f Bra unch .
M a ry o f Fra nce , d a ughte r of Ch a rle s V I . ha s i t fqu a re , a nd mo re l ike a
fl oma che r
A l a dy of th e n ame of Agne s, in Jov a y a bbe y, 1 2 70, h a s a ma ntl e o fmin i ve r,wimp le , be l t, a nd long purfe , a nd p a ne d fhoe s . The wife of Pie rre l a R a gn e ,
Ib. x x x vm . 8. 34 .
A P. 3 16.
Sir J.AyloEe ’l a ccount.
l b. 6.
5° lb. 1. lb. xxx v" . 3 .
cl itx x ili
in L a gny a bbe y, 1 3 8 4 , h a s he r co e fi'
e u re dr awn fo rwa rd towa rds he r fore h e a da nd fil le t, l ik e the cre tt of a n a nt ie n t he lme t .
The wife of S i r An thony de Fa y lord of Pa rcourt; in C a u vign y chu rch, r s z r,h a s a rich fl udde d fu rco t a nd gown embl a zon e d wi thou t a ma n t le : the wifeo f S i r Gi l le s d e Fa y lord of R iche cou rt, 1 4 85 , is h a bi te d in the fa me ma nne r,bu t in a p l a ine r fu rcot.Judge Ga fco ign e
’
s l a dy i s h a bite d in a olofe gov'
Vn, bl i ttone d on he r bre afi, a nd
be l te d round h e r wa ifi wi th a fqu a re bu ckle fe t wi th {ton e s th e fle e ve s long,clofe , a nd bu t ton e d o ve r he r gown a s a ma nt le , wi th a fa l l ing ca pe ; He r h e a ddre fsis re t icu l a te d, _
bu t fp re a d wide r a t the e a rs th a n a ny o the r intta nce l h a v e fe cn .
The dog a t h e r fe e t fe ems wra p t up in the ma n t le wh ich re a che s be low him.
With in th e ra i l s o f the a l t a r a t Horton chu rch , on a l a rge ma rble l y ing on
the gro und, a re th re e figu re s in bra fs : in the midft i s a ma n in a rmou r, wi th
a fword h a nging down be fore him, a nd on e a ch fide of him a woma n in the
h a bi t o f the t ime s v iz . in fira it boddice s with fl e e ve s coming down a nd cove r~
ing th e ba ck o f the i r h a nds to th e i r finge rs the i r gown s long a nd co ve ring th e i r
fe e t, a nd l a ce d o n e th i rd p a rt from the bo ttom u pwa rds ; the i r h e a dtlre ffe s fa l l a
ing ba ck u pon th e i r fhou lde rs l ike a ibort hood Wi th a ca p be h ind l ike th e
crown of a n h a t, wi th a gi rd le buckl e d a t the wa ift, a nd the e nd o f i t f a l l ingdown to the grou n d .
" This i s for Roge r S a l i sbu ry, e fq. 1 4 9 2 , a nd h is twowi ve s. M a ry wife o f SirW i l l i a m Pa r lo rd Pa r o f Houghton, 1 5 5 5 , h a s a ma r.
ble figu re in the fa me chu rch, in a re fembl ing h a bi t wi th thore o f the p re
ce d ing monume n t, h a ving a ma n t l e cl a fp e d with a buckle h a nging down be
h ind to he r fe e t, a nd a bra ce le t round h e r n e ckAmong the Da n ifh monume n ts be fore re fe rre d to is one in bra fs of a ma n in
flowing h a i r, long co a t with long fle e ve s a nd fa l l ing ca pe , a nd poin te d (hoe s,a nd a t his l e ft h a nd two wi ve s : the firfi in a ve i l, wimpl e , a nd ma n t l e ; the
o the r in the j a cke t a nd p e tt icoa t, col l a r, a nd re t icu l a te d h e a ddre fs ; a l l thre e
u nde r fe p a ra te a rche s ; rou nd the tomb th i s in fcription in bl a ck l e tte r
a lto. ofii. time In). in. hie . fra ntire ls. the . befiigfis molteke .miles. rlbi°
. hie . amitia
mis. man ic. c. ha s. clttbe . um. ra nt. rlbit°. c nfia . crittitta . um. nfii. a tmnl'.
The two W i ve s o f the burge fs of Lynne ’ a re ha bite d a l ike , in hoods or
co ifs, the wimp l e or n e cke rchi e f ga the re d unde r a nd rou nd the chin, the i r
gown s clofe a bou t th e ir a rms a nd wa ifts, bu t fa l l ing the nce in e le ga n t fo lds a nd
ga the re d a nd h e l d u p on th e right a rm of on e a nd le ft a rm of the othe r, the
long clofe fle e ve s rich ly embro ide re d in n e a rl y th e fame p a tte rn s on bo th l ad ie s, from a l i tt le a bove the e lbow, whe re the y a re di vide d by a kind of
bo rde r ; th e long fle e ve s f a ll down ope n from the e lbows ; the wriflba nds
clofe a nd double ba n de d : th e h ems a nd linings of the i r gown s a re l ik e
wife richly flowe re d, bu t wi th more v a rie ty o f p a tte rn s . The th re e wome n a t
th e fe a ft be lowh a ve th e clofe bodd ice , a nd th e ir h a i r u nconfine d . The two a t
the fide s h a ve ma n tl e s a nd V a i l s. The e le ga n t flowing robe s th a t fwe pt the
grou nd wh ich a pp e a r on the fe Lynne l a di e s, h a d not be e n a dop t e d by l a dySt a p le ton of l ngh am,
the i r con tempo ra ry. H e r h a nging fle e ve s a re a lfo re
ma rk a bly awkwa rd, be ing fo long a nd n a rrow; whe re a s thofe of th e a bove
me n t ione d l a die s a re broa de r a nd fhorte r, a nd fa l l more con ve n ie n t ly be hind the
e lbow.
Mr. Blome fie ld ‘gi ve s a n e p ita ph a t No rwich for a n Ald rtfr, or a lde rma n’ s
l a dy, 1 5 67, but doe s not me n tion he r h a bi t .
In rbe ba 5 iz qf tbc l imu is a phra fc fre que nt inMr. Bridge s a nd othe r church borers -without de finingth e rim”.
Bridge s, Northamptonfli. l . 369, 370.5 Pl . XLIV. 11. 595 .
cl x xxiv
.Mr. Stru tt i s o f op inion, th a t the chie f diftinétion be twe e n ma rrie d a nd un
m a rrie d l a d ie s a ppe a rs to be a n a dd it ion a l robe ove r the gown, wh ich h a ngsdown not un l ik e th e fa ce rdota l robe o f a p rie ft. If he me a n s the ma n t le , i t
i s common to ma rrie d a nd ting le wome n ; a nd I h a v e gi ve n infia nce s whe re i ti s om i tte d on the forme r in Fre n ch monume n t s . This di fi inét ion ha s n o t oc
cu re d to me ; nor is i t il lu ll ra te d by h im by a ny e xa mp le . H e a dds, Robe rt deBrunne , in his il lu ftra tion o f Pe te r La ngtoft
’s Chron ic le d e fcribing the fl ight
o f the empre fs M a u d from Oxfo rd, in the re ign of Ste phe n , fa ys, th e gotfo rth
Witboute n f ir/e lk ore kemfe , [ a ve ko'v e rcbief a il e ba re fa ir.
i . 6 . wi thou t a k i rt le or p e ttico a t o ve r he r f hift, a nd on l y the kove rchie f or v e ilo ve r h e r h e a d . Mr. H e a rne t e l l s u s kemfe is the Ga ox a fumov, or Ma x flwv, the
jbift or fmock’
, bu t mu tt he re de no te a wh i te ga rme n t o ve r the qu e e n ’s , l ik ethe ca mi/i a o f the L a tin s ; a nd d a
‘u lfl lov or wh y, o f the Gre e k s, fign ifying a
p rie ft’
s whit e ga rme n t or furp l ice . Robe rt Bru nne h a d not fo .much de l ic a cyo r te nde rn e fs for the l a d ie s who run o ve r the froze n Th a me s te n mi le s toW a l l ingford in a co ld n ight, a s the re ft of the o ld hiftori a n s, who fa y the
Qu e e n a nd he r re t inue cloa the d th emfe lve s in wh ite lhe e ts or wh ite l ine n clo th ,or a lba e ‘Ug/Ie f .
Fema le fl a tn e s, whe th e r cumbe n t or (l a nding, ho ld the cordon on the bre a ft
in th e le ft h a nd ’ fo a l l the figu re s on the fi de of C rouchba ck ’s tomb, Pl . XXV.
th e right be ing fil le d wi th a fce ptre . The right h a nds o f the hu (ba nd a nd
wife a re fre qu e nt l y jo in e d : a s Rich a rd I I . a nd h is qu e e n ; He n ry B e a u fo rte a rl of Some rfe t a nd l a dy, a t W imborn minfi e r ; Si r Robe rt Gou fe l a nd l a dy,a t Hove ringh a m, c . No tt ingh a m ; Si r Thoma s a nd l a dy Bo te le r, in bra ffe s a t
W a rrington4, Sir John H a rfick a nd l a dy, a nd ma n y mo re .
Pre ciou s (tone s we re a con fide ra bl e p a rt o f fema le o rna me n t. Ifa be l coun
te fs o f W a rwick ga ve to the monk s of Tewk sbu ry, fo th a t the y grucht not
with he r bu ri a l the re , a nd wh a t e lfe {h e h a d a ppo in te d to be don e a bou t thefa me ,
” h e r gre a t temp/y: wi th the ba leyr 5, fo ld to th e u tmo ll . The fe we re j ewe l shu ng to the fo re he ad s o f l a d ie s by bodkin s thrufi in to th e i r h a i r E le a no rqu e e n o f H e n ry III. fe t up in the fe re to ry o f St . Edwa rd a t We ftminfte r the
ima ge of the B le fl'
e d Virgin M a ry ; a nd the king ca u fe d Edwa rd Fit z Odo, k e e pe ro f h is wo rk s a t W e fiminfte r, to p l a ce u pon he r fore he a d for o rn a me n t
_
a n
e me ra l d a nd a ruby ta ke n ou t of the rings which the bifhop of Chiche fte r ha d
l e ft him for a le ga cy7
Glove s 5 fe em to h a ve be e n no p a r t of fema l e dre fs t i l l a ft e r th e Re forma t ion,u nl e fs the y a re h e ld by fema le figu re s, on the tombs of John o f Elth a m
P. I n .
Smocca it the oldcfl na me in our la ngu a ge for a Iim cove rin g, whe the r of a prie li orwoma n . Tha t itwa s a p a rto f fema le drcfs e a rly in the fifte e nth ce ntury, a nd confcqu e ntly not nove l, a ppe a rs from the pe na n ce impofcd by a rchbifhop Ill ip on Eliz a be th de ju licrs coun te fs o f Ke nt, for bre a king he r vow o f cha ll i ly, a nd ma rry ing a fe cond hu(ba nd
tha t (h e th oo ld once a we a k a t only bre a d a nd a me fs o f potta ge , we a ring it a /mock ; a nd e fpe ci a l ly in the a bfe ncc of
he r hu foa nd. She die d l 4 l l . Dugd. l l . 94 , 95 . e x Re g. Iflip. Se e the C a rpe nte r's wife 's in Cha uce r,3 Seve ra l kings , a nd othe r me n, in Montfa ucon, ho ld the ir cordon: in the ir le ft ha nd.Pe nna nt, Voya ge to the H e bride s , p . 9.
(L. Ba lls or ha lla fi , which l a fl na me it give n to the rubie s in the in e fiima ble coll a r o f He nry VI II. Se e “’a lp ,
P a int , II. 73 . Dugd . Wa rw. 4 1 3. W a lp. l . 40.7 Wa lp . I. t o. e x Da rt. I . 1 6.
If one did not fe e the rude Ta rta n a nd Samoicde a cove ring the ir ha nds a ga infl the cold with fomcthing like glove s,no t divide d into finge rs , one would be le d to think tha t the y we re fi rll in troduce d into Euro pe by the Chn
'
flia n
hilha ps a nd empe ro rs . C a fa ubon ha s prove d, on Athe ns ur, X I I. 1 . tha t the a n tie nt: knewo f no fuck cove ring forthe ha nds . Se c Du C a nge , in v. Cbirotl ma . The Roma n de la Kofe de fcribcs the ha nd: o f Oy /e ny
'
e a s gu a rde d from the
bu lh cs by white glove s , but he doe s not fa y of wha t ma te ri a l , th ough mofl proba bly of le a the rEt pour mie u x ga rde r fe s ma ins bla nche r,Dc ha l lcr e lle cut unga ga nl bla ncr. l . 575.
Robe rtThornton be fore me ntioned in the re ign of Edwa rd W. fe emr to ha ve Ih ort glove s on .
cl xxx vi
The El nflow a bbe fl'
e s h a ve wimp le s fine l y p l a i te d, a nd coming u p ove r the
chin ; a nd on one o f them i t cove rs the fide s o f the fa ce , l ik e a hood : bot hh a ve the ma nt le .
“
The a bbe fs a t Goring, in the 1 s th ce ntu ry, h a s v e ry l it t l eo f th e a pp e a ra nce o f a re l igiou s ; he r ma nt le re fembl e s tho fe o f l a y l a die s ; he r
gown i s bu tto ne d in fron t down to the toe s ; th e we a rs the mit t e n fle e ve s
button e d ; he r he a ddre fs is re t icu l a te d a nd fl udde d, a nd he r tre ffe s fa l l loo fe on
h e r fltou lde rs a t he r fe e t i s a dog o f the ma ttifi'
k ind. One o f th e a bbe lfe s o f
Elnfiow ho lds a fine crofie r, bu t the fe o f Syon a t De nh am a nd l fle worth dy inga fte r the d ifTo lu tion h a ve no ma rk s o f the ir d ign it y, e xce p t th a t the firft h a s the
r ing on the fo re -finge r o f he r right h a nd ; bu t a l l e xce p t he r a t Goring h a ve thev e i l.
Ch a uce r de fcribe s h is priore fs,
Fu l fe me l y h ire wimple j pn'
ncbed wa s,Fu l fe tife wa s h ire cloke , a s I wa s W a re .
Of {ma le cora l l a bou te h ire a rm th e ba reA p a ir o f be d e s g a ud ed
'a l l with gre ne ;
And the re on hong a broch e o f go ld fu l fh e n e ,
On which wa s firlt ywritte n a crouned A .
And a fte r, Ame r fu incit omm’
a .
Mr. B lome fie l d gi ve s two infcrip tions in bra fs for nuns (Sa ndi e Mon i a le s) inl-Iilbu rgh chu rch , bu t wi thou t d a te s or figu re s
3.
Mr. Bridge s de fcribe s a nun in a bl a ck and wh ite h a bi t a t Ru fhton, 8
a nd a no th e r, 1 5 7 7, a tWol l a il on 5.
Ifa be l d’Al e ncon d a ughte r o f Ch a rle s d e V a lo i s coun t d’Al e ncon, who d ie d
1 3 4 6, on he r monume n t on the chu rch o f St . Lou is de Po la'
y , whe re (h e wa sa nu n , h a s the ma n t le , gown gi rte d rou nd he r wa iit, th e wimp le ove r he r che ft,a nd from i t a n a p ron, a nd on he r he a d a ve i l or flowing hood.
The cloifl e r of Po rtroy a l de s ch a mp s be twe e n Ve rfa il l e s a nd Che vre u fe , nowd ifTo lve d, a bou nde d with monume n t s o f a bbe fl
'
e s o f the C ifte rtia n o rde r, who,a gre e a ble to St . B e rn a rd
’s ru le , wo re no crofie ; ne i th e r did the l a it a bbe fs ; a nd
th e re we re in th i s hou fe re l igiou s wome n confe cra te d by a bifhop, two o fwh ichwe re rcp re fe nte d on the fa me tomb with a kind of ma n ip le
The fitu a tion o f the nunne ry of Mon tma rtre , fou nde d by Ade l a id wi fe of
Lou i s l e Gro s, 1 1 3 3 , on the top of a n high hi l l, ma de i t fo co ld th a t the
a bbe fs He l i fe nd a , o rd a in e d, th a t the y fhou ld h a ve a n a l lowa nce o f th re efo l s a p ie c e on Al l Sa in ts da y, to bu y th emja rre d boot:
7. W e e ve r h a s a cu riou s
circumi’ta nce a bo u t t a k ing a n un ou t of a nu nne ry, a nd ma k ing h e r re fume a
re cu l a r h a bi t . I find, fa y s h e , inte r Bre v i a re gi s, E . III. a . r. 2 4 , th a t W i l l i a mFox , p a rfon of Le e n e a r Ga infboro’
, John Fox , a nd Thoma s of Linge fion,
frie rs mino rs o f th a t con v e n t in Linco ln , we re indite d be fore Gilbe rt Umfre vil la nd o the r J uf
’tice s , in p a rt ibu s de Linde fe y, a pu d Twh a nca fte r die S a bba ti pofl:
'ga ul a ,
trinke ts , gawdie s fo Philipp a counte fs of Ma ie n be que a th“ a pair o f ringt . the ga nde r of re d cmffe a e n ame lle d. Roya l Vi'i l l s , 1 30. And Ele a no r Bohun duche fs of G louce fle r, a pa i r of p a te r nofle n o f cora l of fifty la rgebe a ds , wi th five ga ude s of gold “
e n ma ne re de s longe ts , fwa ge t, e t ponfone z . Ib. i Bo . Some we re ft lve r gilt, a nd fomeha d motto e s ove r them.
The initi a l of Am,a s a crowne d M. fo common on church porc he s a ndwindow,
wa s ofMa ria ?
11. 3 01 . l l . 72.
Mole on, Voya ge Lit. 3 34 .
Ga llla Chriflia na v u . 6 1 5 . Le be uf Dioc. de P a ris, II. n o. We ha ve fe e n/bon lm : a mong fema le a ppa re l be fore .P. 72.
7
s
fe i’tum
cl x x ~x vn
fe ftum S’ci Joh
’n is B a ptii
’te , in the fa id y e a r, for th a t the y came to Bra dho lme , a
nu nn e ry in th e“
cou n t y of No tt ingh a m, 1 8 k a l . Fe b. a nd the n a nd. the re r a
pu e runt e t a bdux e runt inde contra p a cem Domini r egi; qua nda m mama /em nomt‘
.
n e Ma rga r e ra m de Ev e r ingba m foror em difie domu r, e x e u nte s e a m h a bi tu re l igi
on is, e t ind u e n te s e a m roba vi rid i fe cu l a ri, a c d ia m div e rja 50nd a d o a /or em 4 0
jol id.
” The nu ns who p ro fe fl'
e d ch a fiity wo re bl a ck ; the fe cn l a rs co lou rs :v i ridi: is fv a riu: in the o ld books. Bra éton , l . Il l . Se e J a cob‘s v iridi; nya
'
At the in te rme n t o f qu e e n J a ne i t i s ( a id th a t the l a d ie s l e ft o ff the i r bon e rs,a nd took [for mou rn ing] wh ite k e rche rs to a pp a re l the ir he a ds, ca l l e d Pa r/5 ba a dr,wi th wh ite k e rche rs coming o ve r the ir (bou lde rs
Si lk, we a re to ld by Mr. C amde n 3
, wa s firft brought into u fe a mong u s in the
re ign of He n ry “. bomby a'
n a ma de by {i lk worms , whic‘h firlt ca me o u t of
Gre e ce in to S ic i l y, a nd the n in to o the r p a rt s o f Chrif’te ndom fo rfe r icum, which
wa s a - down k embe d off from the tre e a mong the Se r ie s in the B a li Ind ie s , a s
bMu J wa s a p l a n t or k ind of filk gra fs, a s th e y now ca l l i t, wa s u nk nown .
Th e re wa s a lfo , a dds he , a coftl y flufie a t th e re t ime s h e re in Engl a nd, ca l le d i n
I a t ib Aur ifr tifium . wh a t i t wa s n a me d i n Engl ilh I k nownot, ne i the r do ima gin e
it a uripbrigium, a nd to fignify embro ide ry with go ld, a s Ope ra Pbryg ia we re e m
bro ide ri e s . Wh a te ve r i t wa s , mu ch ( le fire d it wa s by the pop e s, a nd highl y
e fte e me d in I t a l y .
” Du C a nge ha s c le a rl y fhewn th a t Aurifrafium, Aurifrigia , Au
Aur ifre r, Orfr eyr, Orf r ay , Orfra ir (for by a l l the fe n a me s i ti s ca l le d in a nt ie n t Wri tings) me a n s a gold fr inge ; bu t he confin e s i t I th ink too
clcfe ly to e ccl e fia flica l v efime n ts . Limbu s a cu p iétti s a u ro p l e rumqu e a rge n tove
diftinétti s qu i a d ve tte s fa cra s a fl'
u itu r.
” I t wa s ve ry broa d on the cop e s, fe t
cro lTwife on the ch a fubl e s, brought from the f hou lde rs be h ind a nd be fo re in
the tun ics , on th e a lbs on l y be fo re a nd be h ind the lowe r e dge a nd a t the e x tre
mitie s of the fle e v e s , a nd in th a t p a rt of the ga rme n t wh ich we n t o ve r the
h e a d .Fre de ric bifhop of Stra iburg e xcommu n ica t e d thofe p rie lts who wo re
on th e i r h a bit s double fringe s, common l y ca l le d B ortum, a co rru pt ion for
B ordum from Borq’e , a borde r. Th e B e n e diétin e e d itors o f th i s mo lt e xce l le n t
Glo li'
a ry a dd th a t Auri/rigium is fynonymous wi th 0pm Pbrygium a u ra tis fil is
inte x tum a nd (0 the Roma n de l a Bofe de fcribe s the rich gown of or
GIa dne/f .
Et ti n ch a ppe a u d’
Orfra ys e ut ne u f,
L e p lu s be a u fu t de di x e t n e u f
ja ma i s nu l jou r vu je n’a voye
Ch a p e a u fe bi e n o u vre de foye .
D’un e fa intu re mou l t do re e ,
Fu t e l le fu r (on corp s p a re e
Of Orfra is fre lh wa s he r ga rl a nd ;I wh ich fe e ne h a v e a thou fa nd ,
Saw n e ve r ywi s no ga rla n d ye t
So we l l wrought o f filk a s i t ;And in a n ovir gi l t fa mite'Cl a d (he wa s by gre te de l ite
‘,
Dr. Taylor‘s MS. pe ne s me .
M. 6. p. 1 . MS in Col l. Arm.
Rema ins , pu gs .4 I. 871
— 877.Cha uce r's Tra nfla tiou.
Ano th e r
clxxxvi i i
Ano the r l a dy re pre fe nting Riche swo re a be a u t ifu l embroide re dwith figu re s o f Emp e ro rs a nd Kings .
Pou rtra iéte s y fu re n t d’Orfroys
H yftoyre s d’Emp e re u rs e r Roys
Thu s in Ch a uce r‘s tra nfl a tionW i th Orfre is l a ce d wa s e v e ry de le ,And p urtra ie d in the riba nings
Of duk e s florie s a nd of k ings .
D’Orfra i z e u t u ng ch a pp e l migno t
Qu‘
oncqu e s n u l le puce l le n’ot
Ne p lu s coint ne p lu s de fguysé,Ne l
’a uroye a dro i t d e vi se ,
Ung ch a ppe l de rofe s tou t fra is
Eu t de ifus cc ch a pp e l d’
orfra is‘.
Thu s tra nfla te d by ou r coun t ryma n
And o f fa i r Orfra is h a d fh e e k e
A ch a p e le t fo feme ly on
Ne n e ve r we re d ma ide u pon ;
And fa ire a bove th a t ch a p e le tA rofe ga rl a nd h a d th e fe t.
Th e fe a urxfrigia we re fome time s o f opus Cypre nfe’; a nd ga rte rs a re em
bro ide re d o f filk a nd Cyp ru s go ld4. Cypru : W a s a th in tra nfp a r e nt te xtu re l ik e
ga u fe or l awn a nd h e nce M i lton’s {tole of Cypru : l awn 5; fo th a t the y (hou ld
fe em l ik e ou rmode rn ga u ze trimmings . I t i s a l fo a pp l ie d to cra p e , a nd the n isbl a ck
,forwidow’s we e ds : a nd fome time s Cypru s is a jbroud.
A fringe , or p e rh a p s on l y a broa d hem, a ppe a rs on the tu nic of Wil l i am de
V a l e nce , e a rl of Pembroke , r A fringe or fu rr to the ma n tl e of W il l i am deH a tfie ld, fe cond {on o f Edwa rd I I I. a t Yo rk 7
. A doubl e fringe i s not uncommon on the monume n ts of ou r p re l a te s . Che fubl e s with fringe s a re a mong
p re fe n ts to chu rche s a nd to re l igiou s hou fe s
Sa mit, or a s the L a t in write rs ca l l i t, Sa mittum, Sa mitium, Sq a mii um,
’
Xa mitum, or Ex a me tum, i s de fin e d Pa mzur bola/Ef forts, a nd t a ke n for Silk in ge ner a l 9, a s Sa l in a s i s de fin e d pa nnu: f e ricur ra fu s.
Silk ma nu fa ctu re s we re in troduce d from th e B a l l: in to I ta l y be fo re I 1 3 0
The crufa de s mu ch imp rove d the comme rce of the I ta l i a n R a te s wi th the Ea t]:
in th is a rt icle , a nd p roduce d new a rtifice rs of th e i r own . Dia p e r occu rs a mongthe rich filk s a nd fiu ffs in the Roma n -dc ~l a Rofe
S ami te s, dy a prér, came l e ts .
l b. l . 1070. lb. 1. 564 . 568.3 Se e Cha rpe ntie r in voc. lit -
nu t. ibi e it a ti.
i'ro ope ra in MCLI I ga rt. ope ra t . de fe ri e . a : c a n de Comp. Ra b. Ro l le fla u . cull . ma gn: ga rde r. 9 He u . V .
Anflis’ Bla ck Book o fthe G a rte r, p . 17 1 . note 5 . The ma te ria ls the re (a id to be ufe d in the compofi tiou o f n ga rte r a reTa r lm
'n, li lk, coni c, bob r (q. bukra m], ya kfil [pa ckthre a d], a ud
‘
yf l, or thre a d. l b. Ta nn in (h ou ld (e emto be fil t fromTa rt a ry or China . Se e Du C a nge in v oc.
l l Pe nfe rofo , l. 3 5. a nd Wa rton on i t , p . 66, 67.
Pl. XXV“.7 Dra k e , 49 1 .
P a pa dono de dit e ccle fiz 0mm: una m ) Ia nd am de e x a mito rubro cum a urifrig‘
to de cente r oma tum.9Du Ga uge ,
Ema il /( h im.
9 Du C a nge in voc ibu s .
Gia nnone l florin de Na poli, XI. 7. I . 2 1867.
whe re
1. 5 5 00 .
Le my a fa pe nne v a i re
Au ifi t re s bi e n fe Die u me ga rde
Me ga r a n t i t e t corp s 8c te fle
Pa r v e n t, p a r p lu ye , 8r p a r temp e fie ,Fo u rré e d’
a igne a u l x fur gros bu re a uxComme p e rs fo u rre d
’
cfcu re a u x .
Me s de n i e rs cc me fe mble p e t s
Qu a n t j'a i pou r vou s robe s de p e rs,
De ca me lo t, ou de bru ne tte ,
De ve rt, o u d’
e fca rl a te a che tte ,
Et de 'v a ir 8c de gri s Ia fou rre'.
Minifve r, wh ich occu rs in o ld wi l l s, se c. is Me nue «v a ir, mina tm fv a rius, in
oppofition , I fu ppo fe , to the fu rrs o f l a rge r a n ima l s .John de Mon tfo rt duke o f Bre t a gne a nd h is dutche fs both we a r fu r, 1 3 4 1 .
The o ld port ra i t of qu e e n Edyve , in C a nte rbu ry ca the dra l l ibra ry, e ngr a ve din H a fte d
’
s Ke nt, I . 4 64 . re pre fe n ts h e r in a fu rcot a nd long fle e ve s, a l l fl udde d,a nd the fu rcot fa ce d wi th e rmine , a nd a ma nt le l ine d wi th e rmin e ; {h e h a s adou ble co rdon , a nd the ve i l h e a ddre fs , fu rmo u nte d by a crown . L a d y Tipto ft ,in Enfie ld chu rch, h a s a furco t of e rmine , with a k ind of fl a p or ibort a pron of
the fa me to i t be fore .
Th a t v a l u a ble fu rswe re not u nknown in zt he t ime of He n ry I I I . a ppe a rs fromth e o rde r to his t a y lo r, to ma ke two c loa k s for the k ing a nd two for th e
qu e e n a ga in (t Chriltma s d a y, to be fu rre d cum e rmino, a nd ‘
ffup e rtun ica a d emina to v a rio a nd two robe s cum a urifr a x i; [ emf/a rt
'
s e t v a rii colo ris h”
Th e re wa s a furthe r o rde r to ma ke th re e robe s de qu intgfi: 5 , v iz . on e of the be ll:
v io le t co lou re d fa mit embro ide re d rou nd with thre e l i tt le l e op a rds in fron t a ndthre e be h ind, a nd two more of the be ft clo th th a t co u ld be got
W i l l i am de H a tfie ld fe cond (on o f Edwa rd III. on h is monume n t a t York is
re p re fe n te d in a m a nt le fringe d or fu n d, a clofe co a t e mbro ide re d, wi th longc lore fle e ve s, h is li ofe a nd bre e che s of one p ie ce , h is fhoe s embro ide re d
, a nd
a duca l co rone t on h is he a d 7.
In the mo re a nt ie n t co l le ge s o f ou r u n ive rfitie s the a nnu a l e x p e nce s for
fu rring the robe s or l i ve rie s o f th e fe llows a ppe ar to h a v e be e n v e r y confide r
a ble . Milton S t a lk s o f the ,
B a dg e doctors of the S to ic fur .
Exp l a in ing, fa y s Mr. W a rton 9, the obfo le te word by a ve ry a ukwa rd t a u to logy .
Stowe de ri ve s B a dge row from B udge , fu rr, a nd {k inne rs dwe l l ing the re . Dr.H a comble n p ro vo lt of King
’ s Co l le ge , C a mbridge , 1 5 2 8 , h a s the ca p e o f hi s
doétor’
s robe co ve re d or l ine d with a rich h e a vy fu r on his figu re in bra fs in h i s
co l le ge ch a p e l . R ich a rd Pe y ton , a t Ifle h am, 1 5 74 , h a s a long gown l ine dthroughou t with fu r.
l . —
9504 . Montf. II . v . 1 56. Clnuf. 36c . II I. In . 30.5 Se e m
'
urF/u , p. clxxxix. cxci'i .Gowns we re fu rre d cm dc e rm. a e rm. owr. Re cord be fore ci te d from Anih s
, 9 Hon. V. We have the rea lfo 1 mm. me n grofl
'
. me n. pur.7 Dra ke , 49 1 . Ca mus , l. 707. 9 P. a ny.Surve y o f London, e d. p . 4 5 5 .
Robe rt
cx ci
Robe rt the th i rd of the n ame , e a rl of Dre'
ux a nd Br a ine , who die d ” 3 2,'
is rcp re fe nte d on h is tomb of wh a t the Fre nch ca l l pie rre pl a te , in the a bbe ychu rch of St. Ive d de Bra ine , h a s a ma n t le l ine d wi th e rmin e ; fo h a s the wifeo f Robe rt de Dre u x lo rd of B e n, a bou t the fa me t ime , in the fame chu rch .
The ma nt le s o f two nun s of St . Lou i s de Poilfy, 1 3 4 4 . 1 3 7 1 . in th e ir con
v e ntu a l chu rch , a re l in e d or fa ce d in l ik e ma nn e r.Two figu re s on the fame tomb
,be a u t i fu l l y e n a me l le d o f Al ice counte fs of
Bre ta gne , 1 2 2 1 , a nd jo l a nd de Bre ta gne he r d a ughte r, I in the chu rch o f
Y ve d de Bra in e , h a ve the i r m a n t le s fa ce d with va i r, white on a blu e grou nd,l ike th e i r a rms .In th e fou rt e e n th ce ntu ry fur a ppe a rs v e ry fre qu e n t on the l a di e s gown s, a t
th e ir wrifi, l ik e a long ru ffle tu rn e d ba ck, a lfo a bou t the i r ne cks, a nd a s a fringe
or h em.
Me de in Pie rs Plowma n i s thu s de fcn’
be d
I wa s wa re o f a woma n worthl yich c lo th e d,Purfile d
“
with pe/ur e the fine ft u pon e rthe ,
Crowne d wi th a crowne , the king h a th no be t te r ;Fe tiflich he r finge rs we re fre tte d wit h go lde wie r ;And the re on re d rubie s a s re de a s a ny gle de ,And d i a monds o f de re ft p rice a nd double ma ne r fa phirs,Orie n t a le s 8c Ewa ge s v e ne mis to d e firoye
H e r robe wa s fu l l r ich o f re d fca rl e t e ngra in e d,W i th riba nde s o f re d go ld, a nd o f rich (ton e s ;H e r a rra yne ra vilh e d, fu ch riche s faw I n e ve r.
Knyghton de fcribing the dre fs o f the wome n of f a lh ion a t publ ic d ive rfions
in hi s t ime , A. D . 1 3 4 8 . fa y s ’
, The fe tou rn a me nt s a re a tte nde d by ma n y
l a d ie s of the firlt r a nk a nd gre a te it be a u t y, bu t not a lwa ys o f the mo(t unbl e
mifht re pu t a t ion . The y a re dre it in p a rt y-co lou re d tun ics, h a lf of one colou r
a nd h a lf of a noth e r ; the ir l irip ip e s, or t ippe ts, a re v e ry lhort, the i r ca p s re
m a rk a bly l itt le , a nd W ra p t a bou t the i r h e a ds with cords ; the i r gi rd le s a nd
pouche s o rna me n te d wi th go ld a nd filve r, a nd th e y we a r fhort fwords, ca l le d
da gga n ,be fo re a l it tl e be low th e i r wa ifis . Th e y a re mou n te d o n the fin e l’c
h orfe s wi th the richefi fu rn itu re : a nd in th is a tt i re the y ride a bou t from p l a ce
to p l a ce in qu e ll o f tou rn a me n t s ; thu s {pe nd in g the ir fortun e s, a nd not u h
fre que nt l y ru in ing the i r re pu t a t ions .
The wife of B a th’ s
-covre ch ie fs we re n fu l fine o f ground,I dorfte
l
fwe re the y we ye de n a pou nd ,
Th a t on the Sonda y we re upon“h ire he de ;
H i re hofe n we re n of fine fca rl e t re de ,Fu l fire ite yte ye d , a nd fhooe n fu l moif’t 3 a nd newe ,Ywimpl e d we l , a nd on he r he dde a n h a t
As brode a s is a boke le r or a ta rge ;A fote ma n te l a bou t h ir h ipp e s l a rge
4
Of the l a dy’s tra in s, fa ys Ch a u ce r,
I t i s fu l l fa yre to be n ycle p e d Ma dam,
And for to gon to vigi l s a l l be fore ,And h a v e a ma n te l re a l l ich s ybore .
Pa if un fe cundus . col . 3 597.
3 tre ib ,oppofe d to kal e . f 473 .
roya lly.
cxci i
The ma gn ifice nt a nd co li ly dre lfe s o f the ba rons a nd kn ights who a tte nde d
the ma rri a ge o f Ale x a nde r III. k ing o f Scot l a nd to Ma rga re t e lde li d a ughte r of
H e n ry I l l . a t Yo rk , I 2 5 r . a re th u s d e fcribe d byM a tthewPa ris ‘
,who wa s p re fe nt
a t the fo l emn ity I t wou ld ra ife the fp irit a nd indign a t ion o f my re a de rs if Ia tt empt e d to de fcribe the wa ntonne fs, p ride , a nd v a nity , which the noble s dif
p l a ye d on th is occ a fion in the richne fs a nd v a rie t y o f th e i r dre l'
fe s , a nd the
ma ny fa nt a li ica l o rn a me nts wi th which the y we re a do rn e d . To me nt ion on l y
o ne p a rticu l a r : the king o f Engl a nd wa s a tte nde d on the d a y o f the ma rri a geby I 000 kn ights, u n ifo rm l y dre ll in filk robe s, wh ich we ca l l Coin tif e r a nd the
n e xt d a y the fe k n ight s a ppe a re d in newdre lf e s no le fs fp l e ndid a nd e x p e nfive .
”
The duk e o f Glo u ce lte r me t H e nry the Sixth ’s qu e e n , Ma rga re t, 1 4 4 4 , on
B l a ckhe a th , with 5 00 me n in o ne l i ve ry . The o the r lo rds a nd e fta te s h a d gre a tre t inu e s o f me n in fundry l i ve rie s, wi th the fle e ve s bro ide re d, a nd fome be a t e nwi th go ldfmiths wo rk s, in mo lt ca il l y ma nne r ’
.
The p re a ch ing o f a Co rde l i e r ju fi re tu rn e d from J e ru fa l em,a t Pa ris, 1 4 2 9 .
h a d fu ch a n e tfe éi o n his a ud ie nce th a t the ge n t l e me n bu rn t a l l th e i r gamingt a bl e s
,c a rds, d ice , bi l l i a rds, a nd bowl s ; a nd the l a d ie s the i r he a ddre lTe s, which
th e ch ron icle r who te l l s th is l’tory c a l l e d bourre a ux trufie r, the l e a t h e r a nd
wh a l e —bo n e bodd ice s (p ie ce s a’
e f a ir 39° de (f a /e th e r) the i r ho rn s a nd tra in s ( le u rscom e r, l e u rs qu e u e ; 3
.
Du ring the 1 5 th a nd th e midd l e of the 1 6th ce n tu ry p l a te d a rmou r k e p t i t s
grou nd on the figu re s o f me n o f a l l ra nks a bo ve th a t o f me rch a n ts or burge li'
e s,
who we re fu ppo fe d o f too pe a ce fu l a d i lpofition a nd too d e e p l y e nga ge d in
comme rc i a l pu rfu its to bu ck le it on . The fa fh ion o f it grew mo re fa nta ltica nd lh ewy from a bou t the midd le of th e 1 5 th to the middl e o f the 1 6th ce n tu ry .In the be ginn ing o f the i 7 th, du ring the re ign o f ja me s I. who wilh e d n e i the rto dil i u rb the pe a ce o f Eu rope , nor to be in te rrupt e d in his own re po fe , i t wa se xch a nge d for double ts a nd trunk ho fc, bu t re fume d in the re ign o f h is fon, a s
i f p re p a ra tory to the t rouble s th a t we re to e nfu e , a nd m a in t a ine d i ts grou ndo n monume n ts to the cl ofe o f th e . l a fi ce n tu ry, a nd the long fword wa s wo rnu nde r the double t, wi th the kne e a nd lhoe firings .
I obfe rve fome clumfy v a ri e ti e s in k n e e p ie ce s a nd o the r p a rt s o f a rmou r inthe I 5 th ce n tu ry, wh ich wi l l be no te d in the i r p rope r p l a ce , toge the r wi th trnnk
hofe p l a te d in fron t. A k n ight a t h a s a ta ba rd o f a rms o ve r h is p l a te da rmou r, his he a d with flowing h a i r re li s on a cu fhion , a nd he ho lds u p h is h a ndsi n front fpre a d . The co a ts we re fhorte r, the ma nt l e s or c lo a k s l ine d wi th fur
th roughou t, a nd ha d long h a nging fle e v e s , fome time s a do rne d wi th crofs fe a mso r fa cings, a s R ich a rd Pe yton o f l fle h a m 1 5 1 4 , or with two op e n ings forthe a rms a t d iffe re n t int e rv a l s ; the hofe a nd bre e che s o f one p ie ce , the l a tte rfre qu e nt l y p a n e d in who l e o r in h a lf, a nd t runk or: fira it ; rufl
’
s a nd clofe ca p swe re worn by me n in the t 6th a nd 1 7 th ce ntu ry, the h a i r clofe crop t or limitbe a rd s a nd whifk e rs . Eldre d the n a viga to r h a s a f hort cu ff ope n a nd bu ttone da s in mode rn t ime s, a nd a clo fe ca p or co if, a v e ry ibo rt co a t t i e d rou nd h imwi th a bow-k nn t
,a p ik e d be a rd a nd whilk e rs , a nd l a rge ru ff. Thoma s B a rwick
phyl i ci a n a t Bu ry , who d ie d ( 5 90 , h a s on his monume n t a t F a rnh a m Al l Sa in ts,3 clofe co if, long l l e e ve s, mode r a te ru ff, a nd a coa t bu tton e d from h is chin.
P . 8 29 Fa bia n l’ub a nno.
journa l of the re ign of Cha rle s VII . in Le be uf, Hill . du Dio c. de Pa ris, Il l . 3 3 .
J
In the re ign o f El iz a be th a nd J ame s I . th e fl a y or boddice wa s not fo fira itl y
l a ce d, th e fle e ve s a t the ih ou lde rs we re fe t in wi th ra ife d a nd pu ffe d wo rk , the
gown a nd p e tt icoa t a nd a p ron we re diftinél , the ru ff confine d to the n e ck, bu t
e n l a rge d In j a me s’s re ign the wome n wo re h e a v y fhoe s l ike me n's, a nd high
crowne d h a t s wi th ribba nd s or ba nds . Eve n the you nge lt d a ughte rs i-e t a in the
mothe r's h a bit, but fome time s h a ve a k ind of fly ca p . Such a ca p i s wo rn byM a ry Pa yton of Ife lha m,
a bou t the e nd o f the fix te e n th ce n tu ry . Sh e h a s a
(l a nd ing ca p e to he r gown, a ru ff round he r ne ck , he r fle e ve s t ie d with ribba nds
from the fhou lde r to the wriit a k ind o f fringed fa fh t ie d roun d he r wa i lt, a nd
he r gown op e n ing in front difcove rs a rich e mbro ide re d p e t tico a t . R a dc l iffewi fe to Thoma s W ingfie ld of Ea il on, Su ffo lk , 1 607 , h a s a clofe ca p , h a i r drawnu p h igh a nd ftiff in fron t , fia nding ru ff, pu fft fle e ve s, with fa l l ing l a ce d ru ffl e s,v e ry n a rrowpo in te d bo ddice , gown pu ck e rd up o ve r fa rdinga l e , a nd fh ewing a
r ich embro ide re d p e tt ico a t . El iz a be th l a dy Cu lpe pe r, in Ardingle y chu rch, Suf
fe x , 1 63 3 , h a s a n a imo li V a ndyck he a ddre fs, a ma n t le wra p t round he r, pu fta nd co rde d fl e e ve s , wi th p ink e d ru ffl e s, a fa l l ing ba nd or ruff, a nd a n embro ide re d
p e tt icoa t . A young l a dy of th i s fami l y, in the fa me chu rch, 1 63 4 , is dre (l:
fomewh a t l ike he r, e xce p t the ma n t le , a nd h a s a t a ffe l to h e r girdl e . In the
midd le o f th i s ce n tu ry we fe e the ve i l fa l l ing ove r a bl a ck hood t ie d u nde r the
ch in , a nd o ve r the n e ck a nd ihou lde rs a fqua re wh i te ke rch ie f, a s on the
monume n t o f John One by a nd wife in Hinckle y chu rch, e ngra ve d in Mr.Nicho ls’
s
B i ll ory o f th a t town , p l . V I . a nd wo rn bo th by the mothe r a nd d a ughte r s .
The hu (ba nd, who Wa s a ba rrifte r of Gr a y‘s Inn a nd fiewa rd of the cou rt
o f re cords a t Le ice ite r, is in the tlre fs of his profe il ion, with a co if a nd l a rgeba n d.
Dr. He n ry , who ha s give n a ibo rt v iewo f the dre fs of e a ch re ign a t the
e nd of h is hiitory of e a ch re ign, i s ra th e r too te nde r of his con te mpo ra rie s,whe n he fa ys, Upon the who l e , I am fu ll y p e rfu a de d, th a t we h a ve no good
re a fon to p a y a ny comp l ime n ts to our a nce ftors of thi s p e riod a t the e x pe nce
o f our con tempora ri e s, e ith e r for the fruga l i t y, e l ega nce , or de ce ncy. of th e i r
dre (s."
In Fra nce a t this time the fle e ve wa s long,'
to the wrifi, a nd pu lled a t the (b oulde rs, the gown fla metime l ope n in
front, fome time s fa ficnod with hows : the ru ff fma l l ; the glove : lh ort e a rly in the fix tce nth ce ntury ; fe c a lfo la te rC a tha rine of Me dicis , Eliz a be th d a ughte r of He nry 11. Ma rga re t d a ughter of Fra ncin l . (Montf. V . p l . v. l x . l l . x l l . )Ma rga re t dc Bourbon ha s a tucke rwithou t a ke rchie f ; Dia ne dc Fra nce , na tura l da ughte r of I-l ewy II . ha s n ha ndfo
l a ce d Ru t hie ! a nd la rge r rufl'
. l b. pl . x u . 5 , 6 . The k e rc hie f o f Eliz a be th que e n of Cha rle s IX. is of fur, l b.
p l . x x iv. Ma gda le n dc Corbie , fo la te a s 1 562 , ba r the old-fa fh ione d clo l
’
c de e ve buttone d a t the tide s , a nd ilTuing Out
o f la rge r, a nd te rmina ting in a kind of ruffl e . l b. XV. 3 . The ha ir of Fra nce .prin ce f of Condo, pl . x x v u . individe da t ta p mitre -fa fh ion. Tha t gre a t p ie ce of flu lf , a s Montfa ucon ca lls it, (V . p . 63) rifing up ove r the lhou lde n , a t the
ba ck o f the ne ck a nd he a d , a ppea n in molt o f the portn iu of C a tha rine de Me dicii . Ruffl e s a ppe a r a s e a rly a t 1503 .a nd long furr cufl
'
r, p l. x a vu .
AP PEN
cxcvi
C O P Y a nd Tra n fl a tion of the DUT C H lNSCRIPTION a t the ba ck
“
Int J a e r dn iz fl: vyfhonde rt e n x x x neop te n x x tx d a ch in
D e cembe r fo e h e bbe n a dri a e n a dri a e n lfz e nde jonc vra uw
p a e fchine v a n d e n fie yn e ge fonde e rt be nne n de fz ke rk 0pSmi te Co rne l i s ouéta e r e e n e em igre mij e da e chs de
W'
e lke de ke rckm’rs a nge nome n be bbe n te doe n doch e e n
‘I
‘
o nde rho ude ne . te be gginne ne de da egemifi'
e a ltyt n a de rC lock fl a ch v a n th ie n nu rn d a e r de n priefie r voore n he bbe ri'
Z a l v n poon t g’s v l a ems t fia crs jn v ie r te rmine de n cotte r d i e te r
Voo ril: milfe ln ide n fa l de groote focl l e V . ff. ge t fia e rs op l ime a e chteD a ch e ls me n hu e r be yde r ja e rge tytl e do e t oft de s a nde r
D a e chs ( l a e rn a jndie n z y o p e e n e n fond a ch oom’
t e nde op
Ghe e ne n d a ch a nde rs foe z'
u l le n de voo rn k e rckm’rs o f die
B efitte n [y a [ a ] t fa ve ns te r v lge l ie e nt fme rghe ns te r mitre
Dom bre rn e n be” gra cht p e l le e n fa e rge e nde d a e r u pdoe nSt e l le n vm be rn e nde {ta l lichte n va n wa fl
‘
e e nde de vie r
Kcrckm’rs de i i ic he l e ghe gh e e fim
’
rs e nde ke n e n be l e e de rs buyfor
V a n S in te Co rne l i s o uéta e r zu l le n come a irton te n gra v e te r
Vyge l ic va n i x l e fl’
e n e n te r miffe v a n re qu iem die d e roo rn’
Be z itte rs ( lbe n .fmghe n zu l le n me ttE’ vo l le'cho
'
l‘
e me t a ndoe nde rs
En pro vide rde rs l e ve re nda e r toe d a t offe rl ie cht da e r de vo l le
Choe r dc k e rckm’
rs he l e ghe e flm‘rs de ke n e n ba l e e d e rs va n de
Cl a rke n l uide rs hu e re hu yfira nwe de prifie r be z itte r va n de z e r
Mifl'
e co fte r cofirilTe n e nde bode l me de zu l le n ga e n offe re n
Singhe nde onde r ( le ofi'
t ra ndc de Se qu e n tie Die s ire d ie s i l l a , £6596.
D a e r voore n d e voo ru be z itte rs t goe rs ghe houde n Zu l le n z ynte
B e t a l e o jude v ige l ie de n d e ké‘iiijg
‘e lck ca noinck , vice p a fioe r,
C ora e lme e fia r ij ge e ick e n Ca pe l a e n e nde me rce n a ri u s . r . g'e nde
Elck chora e l xi i te e nde de s a nde rd a e chs jn de mifl‘
e d ie fge lyk eW e l infla e nde z oe e n z a l n ieme nt v a n he mlu ide n hie ra fga ude r
Da n d ie p‘
nt z yn va n be ghinfe l v a n de n die nfi tot e ynde nochZu l le n z y be t a le n de n prie fle r d ie d e milfe vo e rfz finghe n z a l v i g
°
De e ndo e nde rs e lcx ii g‘ d ie prov idie rtl e r i i g
'de coflze r i i g
e
de
Co fi riffe n t ( a me n v i ge voo r t de cke n e n
'
dc k a e rfe n t on tfie k e n
This (e ems to be a contra ft in th e Du tch l a ngu a ge for a n a nnu a l ma fs .
The p a rts d e fa ce d a re fil le d u p by conje é‘
ture , a s ma y be fe e n by the word s inIta l ics ; o n l y a s the wo rds e e nwtg [e te rn a l , p e rpe tu a l], a nd e en [fingl e ], beginboth wi th e a , a nd the t e ll o f the wo rd i s e ffa ce d, th i s word is th e re fo re v e rydubious ; but fortu n a te l y in the fe nfe i t ma ke s no diffe re nce ; for if a fingl e
T A L E.
Xl th C E N T U R Y
DWARD the Cc'
JNFEsso n'
1074 Editha his Og e e n,1069 Archbilh op Stiga nd,1073 Bilh op Le ofric,1 084 Arfa lt ,1089 Willia mW a rre n, Ea rl of Surry
, h
108 1 Gundred a his Counte fs,1085 Abbot V ita lis,1 09 2 Bifh op Remigius,1 05 9 Dudo,1088 Giro,1089 W ILL I AM the CONQUEROR,1 08 6 Ma ud his Qu e e n,992 Bilhop Ofwa ld,1095 Wu lll a n,1099 Ofmuud,
Ra yne lm,108 ° Richa rd
, {on of the Conqu e ror,1090 Goufia nce , da ughte r of the Conque ror,
b
XIIth C E T U R Y.
1 100 Wrr e u u Rurus,Inge lrica ,Juga Ba yna rd,
1 107 Robe rt F itz Ha imon,1 108 Bilh op Gundu lf,1 1 1 5 Ra yne lm,
1 1 19 The u lphus,Lofinga ,
1 1 22 B lowe r,1 1 25 Abbot John,
Edith D’
Oill i,1 1 34 Robe rt Curthofe ,1 1 3 5 HENRY the Fut sr ,1 1 39 Bifhop Roge r,1 14 7 Robe rt, Ea rl of Glouce fle r,1 14 8 Gilbe rt de C la re , Ea rl of Pembroke ,
Bifli op Be tume ,Ge offre y dc Ma gna vil le ,
1 150 Bilh op Chiche fle r,1 | 5 5 He nry o f H untingdon,
Abbot Ma rtin.1 1 5 9 W a lde vus,1 1 60 Blois,
Archbi lbopTheoba ld,1 167 B ith op Me lun,
Empre fs Ma ud.1 1 70 Robe rt F itz H a rding.1 1 74 B ilhop B lois ,1 176 Abbor La ure ntiu s,1 1 78 Richa rd de Lucie ,1 17 1 Archbifh op Roge r.1 18 2. Prince H ENRY, fon of He nry II .1 1 84 Abbot Crifpin,
HENRY the SECOND,Bifhop Toclive ,
john,Longchamp ,de Conll a ntiis,
W a lte rM a tild a , F1tzwa lte rs,
1 199 Abbot Andrew,B ifhop Ve re ,RICHARD the Ftk sr,St. Cle re s,
Xl l l th
St. Hu
gh
Bilh op l e ys xAbbot A la n,Sir H ugh B a rdolF,Archbiih op W a lte r,Bi lhop Mnrfha l l
,
Ble fe nfis,Bru fe ,
A lbe ric d e Ve re ,Prior Philip ,
C E N T U R Y .
W illiamMa rlh a l l, Ea rl of Pembroke ,Bilh op Ma pe nore ,Rohe i't de Ve re ,AbborHume z ,Williamde Tra cy.W illia mLo nge fpe , Ea rl of S a rum,
John Lord Monta cute ,Robe rt Lord Rofs ,Archbifh op La ngton,Bifh op Fa uconbrigge ,
jorwe rth,Anfe lm,
Ifa be l. Counte fs of Cornwa ll a nd Glouce fle r,XVillia mMa rfh a l l ,B ifltop PooreLhewe l lin, Prince ofW a le s,Bifhop Nige r,Lord
P”
Be rke le ) ,'
l homa s B e rke le y,Abbot B e rk ing,B ilhop Bingha m,
We ndove r,Robe rt a nd Ra lphNe ville ,S ir H e nry dc Ba the ,Bla nche , (Le e n of Fra nce ,Abbot Robe rt,Bi lhop Northwo ld,
Grofle te ,
Roge r dc \Ve fe ha m,Archbifh op Gra y,Bilhop K ilk e nny,
Y ork,Childre n of He nry UL
}Childre n of Edwa rd I.\Vil li .1m P l a nta ge ne t,Gilbe rt Ma rlh a ll,ArcbbiIh Op S ewa l,Ifa be l , Counre fs of A thol,Abb01 Croke fle y,Bilho p Ethe lma r,A bbot John d e C a l e to,Bilho p Bridpo rt,Hugh tle V e re e a rl of Oxford ,B i lhop Button,Simon d e Montiort,B i lhop Aqu a bl a nc,
d e la Vl’yl e ,Sir Fu lk dc Ke rdcflon,HENRY the TH IRD,bl lh o p Ru
'ton,Me rton ,Gra ve fcnd,B rownfcomb
,
Chi fb u l l,Nicho la s de Rye ,B i lliop Ca nti lupe ,Prior l’ a ris,Prior C Iic .
l ’ rior B a fing,BilhOp Wyke ba mpton ,
ELEANOR, Que e n of Edwa rd I.Ele a nor, Mo the r o f Edwa rd I.B 1lhop d e l a Corne r,
Longe l’
pe ,
Ea rl of Le ice fle r.
Pe te rborougb,
I'Vinrblfle r,S a lt
'
fll ury, 63Way/min I” ,
_Ambrtj my, 66
_Sa lijbury , 67
1 292 Archbilhop
1 360
1 3 6 1
1 2741 3 75
1 37
1 3 76
1 3 77
1 3 62
1 3 8 1
1 3831 384
1 3 851 3 86
1 4 20
1 3 86
1 3 88
1 3 891 390
1 3 9 1
1 392
1 3941 395
1 3 96
l 397
ccrr
H e nry, Duke of La nca ll e r,Bilh op Tri l le ck,John Lord We lle s,PMfip Pd e mtRobe rt d e Bokk ing,Robe rt de Bue rs,
ifig?
} t a n1 Ne nug'
l'
homa s Lord B e rk e le y,Sir John B e a ucha mp,Bifh op A pp le be e ,
VVe hon ,_
Robe rt Bra unche ,Sir John Ma ltra ve rs,Mfle s
S 1Sh Brya n,
ta py ton,
S ir l lfive r l ngha n y
S n Roge r de Bois,Archbflh op l fli p ,Sir W a lte r Ma lt-by ll
'
e ,
W il lia m d e la Po le ,Thon ms Cobha m
,
Bifho p Lo uis Cha rlton,P11 11 Qu e e n of Edwa rd HI.I ione l, Duk e of Cl a re nce ,Sir John de Erpingha m,John Eve fh a m.
Thoma s B e a ucha mp, Ea rl of Wa rwick,Thoma s Ve re , Ea rl 01 Oxford,Gu y de B e a ucha mp,Nichola s Lord (Qa ntilupe ,Edwa rd, e lde ll {on of the Bla ck Prince ,John de Ble obury,Jo a n VVynflon,Archbnh op VVndcky,t o p ‘Vifin,
Edwa rd Lord De fpe nce r,Art hbilhop La ngha m,Joa n, C ounte fs of Athol,Sir Richa rd Pembridge ,EDWARD the BLACK PRINCE,Robe rt Atte la th,EnwAnn IH.
H ugh Courtne y firlk Ea rl of De vonl‘hire ,S ir John d e Gre k e ,
Wing; de Ufl'
ord, Ea r l of Suffolk,hda rke nfie ld,Rlcm Lion"Bifh op Ha tfie ld,Joa n, wife of the B la ck PrimSir John Ha rfick,W1l liam Dybbys,Philippa de Be a ucha mp,Abbots Birche fie v, Be bington a nd Me rfh ton,Pfla rga re t d e Cobha n u _
Nichola s Littliogton, a bbot of We fiminfle r,W illia m Co lche ll e r, a bbot of W e ll minll e r,W i llia mEflficld,Sir Simon Burle y,Micha e l
'
de la Pole , Ea rl of Sufio lk,\ViUh n1 VVe fi,
Ma rga re t la dyWil lughby,Guy d e Brie n ,Robe rt Swynborne ,He nry de Cobham,
John H a rold, cle a n of He re ford,S ir John Hawkwood,John Wa ltham, bilh op of Sa lifbury,La dyMohun,Thoma s de l a More , a b t of St. Alba ns,Are hbifhop Courtne y,Sir John Go lofre ,Archbfih op VVd dby,Thoma s of Woodll oe k
,Duke of Glouce ll e r,
Thoma s Hola nd, Ea rl of Ke nt,
Ca nter‘bury , . 1 2 1
Arr/hr Ma lle bir, 1 2 : 1
Cobba m,
Old St. Pa ulr,
[ f ire/10 ,He re /i nd,Limo/n ,Wa t/on ,Srmfle dMou
'
nlfitcbe t,£67072
,
Da r/J a m,
B e r l e /17 ,
Old St. Pa nl'r,
Ca r/f e,
[ 151111398 SirThoma s Htmge rford,
‘
1 4 12 W a lte r de Hunge rford,1 399 Ele a nor de Bohun, Dutche fs of Glouce fl e r,Sir Berna rd Broca s ,
W illiam Ma nwa ring,Richa rd Fitz A la n
, E a rl of Arunde l,RICHARD l l .ANNE
, (b e e n of Richa rd I I.John of Ga unt duke of -La nca fl e r,
Addi t iona l Monuments not e x a ctl y a fce rta lne d.
Middle ton,S lr Ma rtin de l a Se e ,
‘
Aldburgh,
figl
r
h
’
a mde Rythre ,
B ria n Fit z A la n,Thoma s F it z Bria n, }
1 509 Thoma s Ma kyon,S a ltma rfh ,
W a lte r Ma lbyfl'
e ,Monume nts a tBrufe s,More by,
13 1 1 Thoma s To‘
pcliff e ,Monuments a t
Sca rgil l,Monume nt a tThoma s a ndWilliamFurniva ll,Thoma s Ne ville ,
1 3 7 3 Ala n F lemyng,Newa rk,Monume nts a t
Ra nu lph d e Kyme ,Linto/n
,Monume nts a tSp a yne ,
Robe rt his fon,W illia md e Wil loughby,Nichola s Rye ,
Ore il y,
Robe r't de Gre l ly,John d e H a rte fhu ll,
1 369 W illia m de Pa te fhul l,1398 He nry De nton,
Roge r-dc Montgome ry, Ea rl of Arunde l a nd Shrewlbury,Sir John Be a ucha mp ,Sir Simon Ha rcourt
,
S ir John Be a uchamp,Two La die s ,Humphre y Bohun, Ea rl f He re ford
, a nd his Counters,Bilhop W a lte r
, Ja Bre ton,Robe rt o f v ia s,Roge r de Clifford,C a duca n, bifh op of B aMonume nts a t
13 67 Humphry Bohun, Ea rl of He re ford,Monume nts of a bbots a nd othe rs,
I ege r de Pa rr,Monume nts of re ligious,B ifh op Dudoc,
Gifo ,Joce line de We lle s,W illia m Briton
,
B urne ll,dc Ma rchia ,
Dra itons ,Sir Robe rt de Gre y,Bilh op Ingle thorpe ,
Gla nville ,Sir Roge r d e Northwo ld,S ir John de Cou lh a l,La ncrock,B a a ,John a nd Ma riote de Cre ye ,Pe te r de La cy,Abbot,A bbot W a ll ingford,H e rmit; Roge r a nd Siga r,Abbms,Richa rd Sta nde n,B a rtholomewH a l le y,Robe rt B e a u ne r,John d e la Le e ,Monume nt a t
Robe rt de Gra ve le ,W a lte r de Mo l ington,Gre y or Fre ville ,Monume nt a t
Sir W a lte r de Pa tte lhul l,Richa rdMontfiche t,Monume nts a tW a lte r Ro loun,Nicho la s Rola nd,Monume nts a t
John Cove fgra ve ,Sir Willia m B e rna k,Joa n Wynfl on,Ce cilia Ke rde fl on,H e nry de Nottingham,Ra lphde She lton,B ra fs figure a t
Monume nt a tC loptonsL ione l, duke of Cla re nce ,Robe rt de Uff ord,John W ingfie ld,Anothe r,W illiamde Boville ,Efmound de Bruudiflt,Trumpington,Cha mbre l a n,Monume nts a tBurghs,B ifh op Eve rdon,S ir Nicho l a s de Styve cle ,Monume nt in
2 12
C EN T U R Y
Clafi’nbufy,Ha nk/fridge ,Hinton St . Ge orge ,Exm r,
Kingrwe e r a nd [firmtombe ,
Wincbefle r,
Dortbe/l e r ,Grey,
Rozbqfle r ,
mea t!) tame ntpbyngt a fter, a nti a l l to butt pawn:Wa gs 33mm, i a ntgbns e shoots ,ma rti an no l a tten, be he l et no ma n (ta unt£1311 1 be butt then he must (tone a fttt.ma ny a lobclp l a b? (1 ltmma ns of k nightesSmooch [motto for [ a rrowof EDta flJ t
'
s uni tes .
P IERS PLOWMAN.
T U R Y XI.
H E tomb of EDWARD THE CONFES SOR,‘ the l a fi: of the S a xon l in e , ma y 1 065fa i rly be fa id to be the firft o f Norma n wo rk a mong u s . H is origina l one
be fore the h igh a lt a r wa s too in a u fp iciou s to hi s fuccefi'
or to l e t i t rema in long.
Wol lta n, bifhop of W orce fie r, a gre a t fa vou rite of king Edwa rd, re f'
ufe d to re
fign his fe e to a ny othe r th a n the p rince who p la ce d him in i t . H e we n t to hisbe ne fa étor
’
s tomb, a nd {truck it with h is Ra ff, which imme d i a te l y a dh e re d to it,fo th a t i t cou ld not be p lu ck e d awa y by a ny p ra ye rs or h a nd bu t Wo l ll a n
’s
The Conque ror, on h is firfi: coming to London, p a id a vifit to th i s tomb, a nd
ma de a n offe ring of two p a l ls to l a y ove r i t . H e not long a f te r a l te re d the'
tomb,a nd bu i lt a more cu riou s one o f fion e , ( a id to be ve ry cofily
3
'In hi s ch a rte r to W e ltmin lte r Abbe y, bywhich he ga ve th em o the r l a nds ine xch a nge forW indfor,wh ich th e Con fe fl
'
or h a d gi ve n them, a fte r a gift o f£1 00 .
o f filve r'
to comp le te the bu i ld ing o f the Abbe y, he a dds, Ob re ve re n ti a m
n imii amoris qu em e go in ipfum incl itum regem Edwa rdum h a bu e ram tumbumeju s 8: r egime ju x t a e um pofitze e x a u ro SL a rge nto fa bril i op e re a rtificiosé de
co ri s mirifice ope riri fe ci Thiswa s the l e a lt re fpe e'
t h e cou ld ibew to the
memory of a p rince whofe p iou s ch a ll ity h a d le ft the fucce fli on op e n to him.
The coffin o f the Con fe fl'
or wa s firfi op e n e d 3 6 y e a rs a fte r h is de a th,wh e n Gilbe rt Crifpin wa s a bbo t, 1 1 0 1 , a nd fou nd p e rfe étl y inco rrup t, the
jo in t s fle xible a nd fou nd, the fle lh wh ite r th a n fnow, a nd the he a rd o f the
fa me co lou r. Gundu lf, bilhOp of Roche fie r, wou ld fa i n h a ve got a h a i r of i t,bu t i t wou ld not fiir. I fh a l l tra nfcribe Alu rcd a bbo t of Ri e v a u lx’s a ccou n t o fth i s firfi tra nfla tion , a s he ca l l s i t . Acce du nt a d tumu l um i a net i v i ri qu i
‘
a d
hoc fu e ru nt inv ita t i, fu l l a toqu e l a p ide quo fa rco fa gum cl a u de ba tu r, t a nt a odoris
fra gra n tia omn ium n a rihu s, u t ct e ccl e fia re p le re tu r, 8a in le pu lchro a roma ta
fca turire pu ta re n tur. Primum de inde p a l l ium quo fa cra ti lhma membra fue
W idmore ’s H ill . of We flminfle r Abbey, p. 1 5. Ailre d Rie va l de vita Edw. p . 408.
Da rt'1 Antiq. .of We flminllcr Abbey, I. 51 . 8 a nt. ibi cit. Wa lpol e't Ane cd. of P a inting, 1. 19.
runt
runt involu t a pril’
tin a m v e nufia tem 8c integrita tem re fe rva ffe éonfp iciunt. Sp'
e
de inde glo ri a : po tioris a n ima t i e x tra éto p a l l io cae te r a orn ame n ta ve ite fqu e con
fide ra n t, Sc omn i a fo l id a inv e ne ru nt Sc in t egra . Producu nt bra chi a , p l ica nt
digitos, a rt icu los e xp lor a n t, SQ omn i a fa n a , omn i a fle x ibil ia , 8c a n t iquo re p ei
riuntu r v igore fit’miflima . Inve ii iga nt pofiremo ca rn is integrita tem p a rite r Sc
co lo rem, qu a : vitro pu rior n i ve ca ndidior futur ze re furre étion is glori a m p rae -s
fe rcba n -At cum de fid e ra ta m fa ciem eju s a tt inge re omn e s p a ri te r timu ifl'
e nt,
p rze fa tu s e p ifcop us Rofie nfis te flimon io confc ie n tite ve l a mo’
ris f a c‘
tu s a uda cior,fud a rio quo ca pu t fa né
‘
tifiimum tegeba tu r ma num inje cit, St a p a rte in fe rioridifce nde ns ba rba m be a t a ca n icie n ive a m fide p le nu s e x tra x it, e a m a c fi vive re t
me n to firmiu s inhze re re prze l'
e u tie ns . De l e él a tus m i ra cu lo 8c de iide rio ign id
tu s p i lum u num e x tra he re , fibiqu e fe rva r e con a tu r ; fe d h ze fit firmiu s, n e c {e s
qu itu'
r volu nta te m e fl'
e étus u—‘
l ta qu e re te nto p a l l io quo fa nfiiflima ejus membrai
’
ucra nt in vo lu t a , a l iu d a a qu e pre ciofum a ppon unt, dil ige nte rqu e cu ra ram gl e bami l l a rn du lciflima m fuo re condu nt ~l n th a l amo
Mira cle smu l tip l y ing a t the tomb, a bbo t Ge rv a fe de Blo i s, a bou t I 1~58 , a pp l ie d
to pop e Innoce n t II. to ge t Edwa rd ca non i ze d. Hi s wa n t of fucce fs did not difcour a ge the ne xt a bbot La u re nce , who , in a fe rmon, publ icl y ca ll e d upon H e n ry Ila nd his fubje él s to fe cond h is wifhe s . Such a n a pp l ica tion coul d not fa i l o f
fucccfs i Pope Ale x a nde r III. ilTue d a n o rde r for the ca non i z a t ion of the glo
riou s k ing Edwa rd .
"H e n ry I I . a t the initiga tion o f Be cke t (who l i tt le fu fp e cte d
how foon i t wou ld be his tu rn to be ma rt yre d a nd fa inte d) p re p a re d a n h ighe rtomb a nd rich fe re to ry, in to wh ich his re l iqu e s we re tra nfla te d I 1 63 77 ye a rsa fte r h is bu ri a l; This folemn ce remon y wa s pe rfo rme d a t midn ight ; a nd
, u pon
o p e n ing his coffin , h is body wa s fou nd u ncorrup te d : for wh ich re a fon Fle te ,the hiftoria n o f th is a bbe y, fa ys, pre cioflflimum incorrupti corporis fu i tbef a urumin boa /a cre mona/Ie rio repe nt
"
ma nda fvit. The h a bit in wh ich h e wa s dre itwa s t a ke no ff , a nd Iik ewife the ringwhich he ha d gi ve n to St . john the Eva nge lift difgu ife da s a be gga r, a nd wh ich the a pofile h a d re tu rn e d him by ce rt a in p ilgrims fromth e Ho l y La nd. Of the bu ri a l clo the s (tre : pa nni) a bbot L a u re nce m a de th re ee mbro ide re d cope s (t a pa s bruda ta i ) . The bod y wa s a rra ye d (a s i t a pp e a re d, ifthe l a te difcove ry by Ch a rl e s Ta ylou r, who drewou t o f the coffin p ie ce s of golds
co lou re d a nd flowe re d filk a nd line n , we re tru e ) fv efiimemo bo/oje rico a s u fu a l, de a
pofite d in a che ft o f o a k , a nd remove d in to the a fore fa id fe re to ry .
'
From th is t ime the roy a l tomb be came a fa cre d (hrine . Wh e n H e n ry III. re bu il t
th e chu rch , he e re cte d, in a ch a pe l de dica te d to St. Edwa rd, a n highe r tomb, inwhich i t i s (a id he inclofe d th e two forme r fe re tori e s, (though Mr.D a rt doubts th is)a nd p l a ce d o ve r h im a th ird o f go ld a nd p re ciou s fion e s . In th is fh rine his body wa slodge d 1 2 69
3,the k ing himfe l f, h is two fon s a nd brothe r, a nd the chie f nobi l i t y
,
a ffifling to ca rry it ; a nd in or ne a r i t wa s p l a ce d in a go ld cup the he a rt of H e nry,{on o f R ich a rd , king o f the Roma n s, (l a in a t Vite rbo 4
. This (hrin e Mr. Widmore ,fromW yk e s, fa ys ,wa s ma de 1 269
5. Mr. W idmore a dds, a nd a fte r h im Si r jo
fe ph Aylo if e6
,th a t H e nry h a d be fore ma de one , 1 24 1 ; bu t th a t wa s not fuffi
cie n tly fumptuou s , or not conve n ie nt l y fitu a te d, or i t might be n ewm a de for the
fa k e o f the Mofa ic-work, th e n p roba bl y firit int roduce d in to Engl a nd from Rome .
Mr. V e rtu e did not knowof the (hrin e ma de 1 2 4 1 , but re fe rs 1 269 to th a t ofPie tro C a va l l in i, who, he fu ppofe s, wa s commemo r a te d o n i t in a n infcrip tion
to the fo l lowing e fi’e ct, not not ice d by C amde n in his a ccou n t o f the monume n t s
h e re , 1 600, 1 60 3 , 1 606. Gre a t p a rt of i t wa s rema ining in Ke e p’ s t ime , who
fa ys th e o the rwa s o f a la te h a nd 7.
P 403 .409. Bromton Ma tthewofWd lminil e r. m e nte re ge He nrico qui hz c procura i ‘
t ra t."
Ma t. Pa r. 99. Se e the Ce remony inTa ylor, 29—
3 1 Da rt, ubi fup. In a co ffin of pu re gold . Wee ve r, 4 5 5 .Wikc s , 88 . An n. W a ve rl. 1 1 5 . a ndWidmore , p. 75.
3 N 66, Knighton, COL 3 4 38
Account of the We il m'
mll crMonume nts , p . 14 . P. 1 38.Anuo
[ 4 ]
chu rch 1 768 , wa s brought ov e r to Engl a nd, a nd i s now‘
a t Strawbe rry—hil l, fe twi th fio ne s in mofa ic-wo rk , a nd
'
fuppo rte d wi th wre a the d co lumn s.W a re wa s (cu t to Rome by H e n ry III. 1 2 67 , to p rocu re wo rkme n for his n ew
bu i ld ing. Mr. Da rt r ema rks a ma t e ri a l d iffe re nce be twe e n the wo rk o f the
(b rin e , a nd th a t o f the p a veme n t o f the Con fefi'
or's ch a p e l a nd the high a l t a r
th a t o f th e lh rin e be ing o f a th in mofa ic, l ik e the tomb of H e n ry II I .The confo rmity be twe e n the lhrin e a nd the tomb i s molt firik ing, wh e the r
we obfe rv e the {til e o f the de fign or the in l a y ing : th e ca p i ta l s of the p il l a rs a tthe co rn e rs o f He n ry l l I
’
s . tomb a nd tho fe o f the n ich e s of the Confe li’
or’
s a re’
the fa me the po rphyry i s o f the fa me po l ilh .
The a rtilt brought ove r by the a bbo t e xe cu te d the l ingu l a rly rich, bu t nowmife ra bl y n e gl e éte d, p a Veme nt o f the high a l ta r a t W e fiminfle r; on the nort h fi deo f wh ich the a bbo t h a d a monume n t wi th th i s infcrip tion , a l luding to th i s
p a veme n tAbba s Rica rdu s de W a re qu i re qu ie fcitH ic
, port a t l a p ide s quos hie porta vit a b u rbe .
W a re d ie d 1 2 8 3 .
The firli inv e nt ion o f mofa ic-work ha s be e n ge ne ra l l y a fcribe d to Gio tto, whofebirth i s d a te d 1 2 76, a nd his de a th 1 3 3 6, a t the a ge of 60.
Wh e n Giotto i s ce le br a te d a s the in ve n tor o f the a rt o f work ing in mofa ic, itmu ft be unde rliood o f h is e x e cu t ing e le ga n t figu re s in i t for the ge n e r a l p ra et ice o f th is a rt h a d be e n long be fo re h im re vi ve d in Eu rop e . In 9 7 7 the be ll:
a rti l‘
ts we re brought from Con lta ntinop l e to Ve n ice for re bu i ld ing the chu rch ofSt.Ma rk ,wh ich wa s orna me n te d with fe ve ra l works in mofa ic The gre a t domea t Pifa , in which we re the l ik e wo rk s, wa s be gun in 1 0 1 6 a nd in 1 2 2 5 a he a é
v e n in mo fa icwa s be gu n a t St . john B a p tili's chu rch a t Flo re nce 3
. B e fide s St.Pe te r’s a t Rome , pope Innoce n t III. re li ore d in I 200 fome mofa ics the n de ca ye dW e h a v e no re a fon to be fu rpriz e d th a t th ere we re a bl e a rti li s {k il le d in th is
m a nn e r of work ing fo e a rl y a s the re ign of He n ry I I I . a nd a mong th em a Ro
m a n ci t i ze n n a me d Pe te r, who f hou ld, on a ccou n t of th e i r me ri t, be invite d byth is ma gn ifice n t mon a rch to a do rn h is gra nd a nd co ltl y ca the dra l de dica te d to
St . Pe te r .Andre a Ta ffi a cqu i re d gre a t re pu t a t ion by his works a t Flore nce , p a rt icul a r~
l y a l a rge figu re of Chrilt fe ve n cubi ts long, wh ich wa s mu ch ce le bra te d. He
d ie d 1 2 94 , a ge d 8 1 .
G a ddo G a dd i, o f Flore nce , work e d wi th re pu ta t ion bo th in Rome a nd F10
re nce in mofa ic—work . H e die d 1 3 1 2 , a ge d 7 3 . The fe we re both e a rl ie r th a nGiotto, C a v a ll ini
's ma il e r.
I t i s e x t ra ord ina ry wh a t confufion we find in a u tho rs a bou t Pie t ro C a v a l li ni.Mr. V e rtu e 5 e nde a vou rs
'
to p rove , th a t the lhrin e of the Con fe ffor, a nd the tombo f He n ry I . who die d 1 2 7 2 , we re e xe cu te d by th i s a rtilt, who, he a dds, ma dethe l hrine for the C a pocci 1 2 5 6, a nd d i e d, a ccord ing to V a fa ri a nd his e p i ta pha t Rome , 1 3 64 , a t the a ge of 8 5 . By th is l a lt d a te , C a va l l in i cou ld not h a vebe e n born t i l l 1 279. V a fa ri fa ys, C a va l l in i wa s born whe n Giot to re ltore d
p a in t ing to l i fe , a ll i lte d him in his famou s B a rk of St . Pe te r (which wa s finilhe d
in 1 3 1 9) a nd d ie d a t th e'
a ge o f 8 5 . H e do e s not a fce rta in the ye a r of his de a th,nor doe s B a l dinu cci give th e d a t e s of h is bi rth or de a th (cont ra ry to h is u fua l cu ftom) bu t con te nt s himfe l f wi th te l l ing u s, th a t h e fiou rilhe d a bou t 1 3 1 0, a nd
is o f op in ion th a t he drew towa rds the e nd of his l ife in 1 3 7 26. H e wa s of
Rome , a nd wa s bu rie d th e re in the chu rch of St . Pa u l withou t the wa l l s 7. P.
II . 1 4. " Kide lfi, Pa rt I. p . n . C in e lli, Be lle z ze de Fi re nze , p . 17.Bona nni Hill .Templi Va tic a ni. p . 3 3.
5 Archz o l. I . 3 3 . De ce n. I . Se c. l l . p . 6, 7.
V a l a ri. I ca nnot find a ny a ccount o f his monume nt in tra ve ll e rs.
s l
he fta p il l s the birth a nd de a th bf Giotto 1 276— 1 3 36, of Pie t ro C a va llini1 3 04
— 4 3 79, bu t the fe l a ll d a t e s a re e rron e ou s. Pie tro C a v a l l ini wa s born' in
1 2 7 9, a nd die d 1 3 64
The n ame of Pe tra ; Roma nm Cf'UfJ ,‘ h a s l e d Ve rtu e ll ra nge l y a ll ra y. W e do
not find, inde e d , a ny o th e r Pe te r, a Roma n . The p roba bi l i ty fe ems to be , th a tthi s Pe te r wa s fome workma n fe n t e ithe r by Ta ffi or Ga dd i to e x e cu te th e ir defigns . If a ny We ight Cou ld be gi ve n to the a ccu ra cy o f e x pre ll i on in monk ilh L a t inrhyme s, da a il {it a fiumwou ld fe em tome a n, ca r rie d in to e x e cution ; bu t the writ e rsof the fe j ingle s
‘
a lwa ys fa crifice d me a n ing to fou nd, fo th a t no a rgume n t ca n fa i rl ybe drawn from th e ir e Xpre ll i ons. 1
I t 15 not to be doubte d, but the a t t i li , who e ve r he wa s , e xe cu t e d both th
lhrin e o f the Con fe ffor a nd the p a v eme nt a t the fa me t ime, if he did not (l a y
h e re t i l l the de a th o f He n ry III. or p e rh a p s re tu rne d a ga in to do the monume n t .I a m incl in e d to th ink fro'm the wo rds cum comple to qu a/i de no, the d a t e o f the
in fcription o f the {hrine i s to be tra n ll a te d 1 2 8 0 in ll e a d o f 1 2 7 0 , a nd the nh e ma y we l l ha ve e x e cu te d a l l thre e toge the r ; a nd the re wi l l be no imp robabi lity in Mr. W a lpol e
’s gi ving him the . honou r o f d e l ign ing, the Ele a nor cro ll'
e s .Mr. Ve rtu e a dds , the de l ign o f Se be rt
’
s lh rine on the fou th li de o f t he a l t a r, a nd
the -p a int ings o ve r the fli rine ; a nd Sir jo fe ph Aylo lf e , th e monume n t of Ave l in e ,cou nte fs o f L a nca ll e r . B u t a dmi t t ing the obje él ions a bov e ll a te d to C a v a l l in ibe ing the a t t i li , not on l y the me ri t of the fe works, bu t th a t o f the inv e n t ion of
work ing in Mo fa ic ork wi l l be t a k e n from him.
Mr. Ta lma n drew the lh rine of wh e n n e a re r i t s o rigina l (l a t e ,a nd the Socie t y o f Ant iqu a rie s e mp lo ye d Ve rtu e to e ngra ve hi s dra wing.
On th e no rth a nd fo u th fide s o f the lowe r Ilory, wh ich is fo l id, a re thre enich e s or a rch e s, a nd a noth e r a t the e a ll e nd no t h a l f th e de p th o f the o th e rs ;the ba ck o f e a ch is in l a id wi th mo fa ic in a s ma ny d iff e re n t p a t te rn s ; the l i ttl e wre a the d p i l l a rs in l a id with be a u t i fu l co lou re d mofa ic, fome of wh ich isIl il l in high pre fe rv a tion ; Mr. D a rt fe e ms mi ll a k e n , whe n he fuppofe d the fe
n iche s to he inte nde d for the l i ck a nd infirm to re pofe in .
On this ba teme n t o r p e de ll a l is a fe re to ry or fra me o f wa infcot, wh ich Mr:D a rt fu ppo fe s o f o rig in a l e re él ion, a nd to h a ve be e n fo rme rly cove re dwi th p l a te sof me t a l ; I r a th e r th ink i t wa s p a in t e d in p a nne ls wi th figu re s o f fa in ts . I tconfi lts o f two ll orie s , v e ry n e a t a nd regu l a r, fa id in t ime p a il to h a ve be e n cu
r iou ll y p l a te d wi th go ld,'
a nd a do rne d with p re c iou s flon e s, bu t Mr . D a rt fa ysi t do e s not fe e m e ve r to h a ve be e n cov e re d o ve r he a d. Gre a t p a rt of wh a t a rec a l le d p re c iou s (ton e s i s l l il l the re ; for on the p il a ll e rs be twe e n the a rch e s i s
a kind of Mo fa ie -wo‘rk o f fl a ine d gl a fs a cu fl oma ry o rn a me nt a t th a t t ime , a s
a ppe a rs by the tomb o f Edmu nd Crou chba ck on the nort h fide o f the a l ta r,wh ich i s in l a id a ft e r the fame ma nne r 3 . In the fp a ndri ls, the gl a fs in on e
l i ngle p l a ce fe ems to‘
co ve r co lou rs, a nd lh ew th em th rough . The fr a me wa so rigin a l l y te rm ina te d a t the top by a th ird ll ory or p e dime n t, a s a ppe a rs byS a ndford
's a nd Ve rtu e 's p rin t, a nd th a t in the oél a vo a ccoun t of the a bbe y
1 7 2 2 ; bu t th a t u ppe r fra me i s now funk in . Ove r a l l'
wa s the cu r iou s oneme n t ion e d by Pa ri sM r. D a rt wa s of op in ion, fr
_
om the diffe re nce o f workma n lh ip , th a t thel hrine wa s -bu i lt or re p a i re d a t diffe re n t t ime s. The p i l la rs a t the Ra il e nd a re
v e ry u n l ik e e a ch o the r 5 , o ne h a ving a Do ric ca p i t a l , the o the r a rich wre a th ofvin e -le a v e s wre tch e d l y e x p re lfe d in the p la te , a nd both {l a nd on the ba fe of the
tomb : the p i l la rs a t the W e ll e nd h a ve no ca p i ta l s, a nd the ir ba fe s a re bu rie d
in the e a rth . This l a ll circumll a nce he a ccounts for, by obfe rving, th a t u nde r
Se c Pi lkington’c Difl iona ry , a t ticle t , Ta lh , Ga ddi, Giotto, C ava llini.
Da rt Se e the An tiqtta ry Socie ty's print. ‘ Da rt Ih.
Th’e fe di lfere nce s m the pil la rs a re e x pre ll e d'
tn Vertue 1 print, but not in Da rt i though he give s the fame fide .
C
t 5
th e coron a t ion-ch a i r 1111: fiool' is pa ve d wi th t i le s diffe re nt fromthe Mo'
fa ic pa ve :
me nt, in which p l a ce he incl ine d to th ink we re {l e p s to de fce nd u nde r thetomb, whe re v e ry p roba bl y the
'
e n fhrin e d body o f th e fa int l a y: The cu flom of
e ufhrin ing, he fa ys, wa s ve r y d iffe re n t ; fome time s the coffin wa s p l a ce d le ve lwi th the fu rfa ce o f the e a rth , fome time s u pon i t, a nd fome time s in a /tum. The
flrfl wa s for me n o f e xemp l a ry p i e t y a nd mortifica tion, wh ich wa s the ca fe o f
this fa in t : the fe cond for me n of more e a r l y e xa mp le , a nd wa s firfl a cu fl orn ,
a s in the ca fe of St . Cu thbe rt be fore he Wa sifa inte d, a nd o the rs, but a fte rwa rds
a l lowe d a s a fa vou r to fa in ts o f the fe cond r a nk : the e le va te d body wa s u fu a l lyfor ma rtyrs . Upon the mofl a tte n t ive e xa mina t ion , a nd the in te rmixtu re o f re d
ti le s with the p a veme n t, I a m incl ine d to th ink the fa me p a rt of mofa ic p a v eme n twa s o rigin a l l y l a id on fu ch t il e s . Th e y now a pp e a r not on l y through fe ve ra lrou nd ho le s, whe nce the mofa ic h a s be e n remove d, a nd wh e re one might {u f
péél the m o f be ing infe rt e d by wa y of re p a i r, bu t in o th e r p a rt s wh e re the yfe em co a e v a l with it . So th a t wh e the r th e re wa s orwa s not a wa y a t the ba ck o f
the h igh a l ta r u nde r the coron a t ion ch a i r, by which to de fce nd into the Con
fe fl'
or’s va u l t, it wa s proba bl y once cove re d, a s we l l a s the who le floor o f th i s
ch a pe l wi th mofa ic, which is brok e n in to on l y by the tombs of the du tche fs o f
Glouce ll e rd ohnW a lth a m,bifhop o f Sa l ifbu ry, r 3 9 5 , a nd a noth e r o lde r a t the he a d,
a fcribe d by D a rt to R ich a rd de W e ndo ve r, bifli op o f Roche fl e r, I 2 5 0 . ThoughI do not th ink Mr. D a rt h a s a ccoun te d for th is va ri a t ion of the p i l l a rs a t the W e ft
e nd, I ca nno t fubll itu te a be tt e r hypo the fi s . I once conce ive d, from the p l a in fa ce
“
o f the lowe r p a rt o f the (h rine he re , a nd rich in l a y ing. o f the u pp e r, th e re mighth a v e be e n a n a lt a r a ga infl th is e nd ; but thi s is contra diél e d by the mofa ic-worlc
con t inu ing cléfe u p to the fhrine he re , u nl e fs we fuppofe it remove d hith e r a tthe difl
’
o lu tibn . I t is a fl on ifh ing to obfe rve on wh a t a h a rd {l one th i s be a u t ifu la nd rich mo fa ic h a s be e n in l a id in rounds, loze nge s, fe rp e ntin e wre a th s, a nd
o th e r fo rms.W i thin th i s (hrine l a y the coffin, of firmfirongwood,bound a bou twi th iron .The
bo a rds of th i s co ffi n be ing broke n a fte r the cprona tion of J a me s II. a nd a ho le ofa bou t 6 inch e s by 4
’
m a de in i t, oppo l i te to the l ight bre a fl o f the corp fe ,Mr.Ta ylor,
or Mr. Ke e pe , on S a in t B a rn a by's d a y, 1 6 8 5 , a fte rmorn ing fe rvice , a ccomp a n ie d by
two frie n ds who h a d be e n v ie wing the to i'
nbs , e x a min e d the p l a ce by the he lp o f a
l a dde r. H e pu t h is h a nd in to the hole , a nd tu rn ing the bone s, d rew from unde rthe {bou lde r—bon e s a cr ucifix rich ly e n a me lle d a nd gi lt, a ffixe d to a go ld ch a intwo fe e t long, wh ich he f hewe d to h is frie nds ; bu t fe a ring to ta k e them awa ywithotIt the knowle dge o f the bifhop o f Roche fl e r th e n d e a n , a nd no t be inga ble to obta in a cce fs to him,
h e a cqu a in te d on e o f the cho i r wi th the dife a ve ry,
a nd fheWe d him the th ings . This p e rfon a dvifed him to t a k e ch a rge of them t i l l heCou ld fe e the de a n . H e did fo for n e a r a mon th , whe n he f hewe d them to th e
a rchbi lh op o f Yo rk , Dr. Do lbe n, who in t rodu ced him wi th them to a rchbilhop
Sa ncro ft. A fte r th is the d ifcov e re r h a d dra wings ma de of th em,a nd the y we re
(hewn to Sir W i l l i a m Dugd a le ,who promife d to write fome obfe rva tions on th em.
The de a n o f W e flminfl e r a t l a fl ( awth em,a nd the finde r ha d the fa tis fa él ion of
de po fi ting th e m in the roya l h a nds . In con fe qu e nce o f th is, the coffin wa s fecu re d in a n ew on e o f two inch p l a nk s, fa fl cne d toge the r wi th iron we dge s .The ch a in i s de fcribe d a s be ing 2 4, inche s long, o f pu re go ld the l ink s oblong,
a nd cu riou fl y wrought . The u ppe r p a rt to l ie in the n a pe of_
the ne ck , wa sjo in e d by a lock e r, compo fe d o f a l a rge knob o f ma fi
'
y go ld of the fi ze o f a
m il le d fh il l ing, a nd h a l f a n inch thick . Round th i s we n t a wi re , on which h a lfa doze n l i tt le go ld be a ds fine l y wrought hu ng loofe . On e a ch fide of the locke twe re fe t two l a rge fqu a re re d (tone s , fu ppofe d rubie s, a nd from it, fixe d to two
go l d rings, the ch a in de fce nde d, a nd me e t ing be low, p a il th rough a fqu a re
p ie ce o f gold ma de ho l low for the pu rpofe , wrought into fe ve ra l a ngle s, a nd
p a inte d
l 3'
took o f it Apr il i 4 , 1 78 1, i t a ppe a rs to be (e ve n fe e t for inche s iong, .by two fee ton e
‘
inch wide a t th e he a d, a nd twe n t y-two inche s a t_
the fe e t, a nd twe n t y-twoinch e s de e p . i t l ie s with in the {l one -wo rk a t the de p th of a bou t fi fte e n inche s
from the top o f the lide a rche s, a nd five from the ltone -work a t e a ch fide .
1 074 . The Con fefi'
or‘s virgin wife ED ITHA; da ughte r of e a rl Godwin , who furvive d
h im for ye a rs, a nd d ie d 1 07 4 , wa s bu ri e d on the no rth nde o f hi s tomb, bu th a s no d i l l inét memori a l. The words be fo re c i te d from the Conqu e ror‘s ch a r
te r fe em to imp l y th a t l he a nd he r bu lba nd ha d one common tomb.
1 069 . The ce le bra te d a rchbi lh op STIGAND die d in p rifon a t Wincbeyl e r , a nd wa sbu ri e d th e re . Bifhop Fo x lodge d hi s rema in s in the fa th e l e a de n che ltwi th W in a ,firtt bi( hop of W inche l’te r, wi th th is lhort infcription
H ie ja ce t Stéga ndw.
Th e y we re dill odge d 1 64 7 a nd a re now‘
in a no th e r le a de n che l'
t on the Wa l l
o f the cho ir, withou t a ny di li inctmemo ri a l .
The monume n t o f LEOFRI C , firfi blfljop of Ex e te r, who d ie d 1 07 3 , a nd wa sbu ri e d in wh a t wa s th e n the ceme te ry, bu t fince , by the a dd it ion of bu i ld ings,m a de th e fou th tra nfe pt o f h is ca the d ra l, h a s be e n long fince demol ilhe d . Th a t
e re cte d by the de a n a nd ch a pte r, 1 5 68 i s in the ltyl e o f the a ge in wh ich i twa s e re ct e d a n a lt a r— tomb u nde r a n e l l ipt ic a rch ga rre tte d a t top , fpringing from
gro up e d p i l l a rs , h a v ing the fa me a bo ve the i r ca p it a l s . The firft borde r u nde r
the t a ble i s a dorn e d wi th a nge l s , the fe cond with qu a t re fo i l s ‘
a nd l i tt le a rche s,a nd the lowe rmoftwi th p l a in comp a rtme n ts . On the u pp e r borde r i s th is ih
fcription in go ld le tte rs :
I ronic, the 6mbifboppz of QEtcte z, lpetbam.
1 08 4 . The monume nt o f ARFAST, firll: hi lhop o f Tbe t/ora’
, who d ie d 1 084 , is gonewith th e c a th e dra l in
'
which he Wa s burie d .
No be tt e r fa te h a s a tt e nde d th a t o f W i LLIAMW ARREN, e a rl of SURREY, whod ie d 1 6 8 9, a nd wa s bli rie d in the Ch a p t e r-hou fe a t Le a ve r. His e p i ta ph prefe rve d in Dugd a le
3 from the a bbe y regi li e r is a s fo l lows ;Hic, Gu il l ie lme come s, locu s e ll l a ndis t ibi fome s,
H uju s fund a tor 8c l a rgu s fe d i s a ma tor.
[
l ll e tu um funus de cora t, p l a cu it qu i a munu sPa up e ribu s Chrilti qu od p rompta me n te de dilh .
l l l e ru o s cine re s fe rva t Pa n'
cra t iu s h e re s ,Sa nCtorum ca li ris qu i te focia bit in a ftri s .Op t ime Pa ncra ti, fe r op em te glorifica nti ;
Da qu e po l i fe dem t a lem t ibi qu i de d i t ze dem.
1 0 8 1 . B u t th a t o f his cou nte fs GUNDREDA, who d ie d be fore him in chi ld-be d 4 a t
C a ll ie Acre , Ma y 2 7, 1 08 5 , h a s be e n re cov e re d by a fortun a te a ccide n t . Thiscoffin- fa fhione d tomb {tone o f bl a ck ma rble , 5 fe e t 5
' inche s long to th e bre a k ,2 fe e t bro a d a t h e a d, a nd
'
2 2 inche s a t foot,wa s a ccide n t a l l y difcove re d byWm.
Bu rre l l, Efq . fix e d ove r the tomb o f Edwa rd Sh irle y, Efq. who die d Ma r. 1 6,1 5 5 0 , a nd wa s fon o f john Shirle y of l sfie ld, cle rk o f the kitche n to He n ry VI I .a nd cofi
’
e re r .to H e nry Vl l l . fome o f which fa m i l y p roba bl y remove d it from the
mon a lte ry foon a fte r the dili‘
olution in to l sfie ld chu rch, fe ve n'
mil e s from Lewe s.
GOd‘f in. Le Neve 'i F a ll i 80. Ba r. 1. 74 . Vipa rtm crucifi x. Lewe s re g.
[ 9 ]
I t wa s remove d from the nce 1 7 74 , a t Mr. Bu rre l l‘s cofi, to St. john Ba pti ill's
Sou tho ve r chu rch by Lewe s, a s n e a re lt to i ts o rigin a l fpot, which i t wa s to h a vea fe cond t ime co ve re d, cou ld it h a ve be e n de te rmin e d in the ru in s of the a bbe y.
I t is nowinclofe d wi thin a pew, a nd th is infcription o ve r i tW i th in th i s p ew{l a nds the tomb- {ton e
o f GUNDRAD, d a ughte r o f W i l l i a m the
Conqu e ro r, a nd wife of W i l l i am the firll:
E a rl of W a rre n, wh ich h a ving be e n de po l i te do v e r he r rema in s in the Ch a p te r-hou feo f Lewe s p ri ory, a nd l a te ly difcove re d
in Isfie ld chu rch, wa s remove dto th is p l a ce a t the e x p e nce
of Wil l i am Bu rre l l, Efq.
A . D . 1 7 74 .
An e l e v a t ion of its mode rn fron twa s e ngra ve dwi th the li on e itfe lf fo r Mr. W a t
fon’ s Hi ltory of the E a r ls of W a rre n . The l a tt e r ma ke s a h e a d-p ie ce to th is
ce n tu ry .
The fo rm o f the l e t te rs a nfwe rs to thofe on the tombs o f bi lhop Roge r a t Sal i lbury, W i l l i a m De incou rt a t Linco ln , be twe e n 1 0 8 7 a nd 1 1 00, l lbe rt de Ch a za t Monkton F a rle y, a nd th a t of H ilp e ric a t Cologne One ma y a ccou n t fo rth e in te rmi x tu re o f the S a xon a nd Roma n ca p i ta l s he re , by fuppofing the 6
ma in t a in e d it s grou nd wi th the S a xon n a me s a nd o rthogra phy longe r in the fe
fo u the rn coun t rie s . The figl efl occu rs on our coin s a s l a te a s the th re e firlt
Edwa rds .
The in fcription is in le on ine ve rfe , a nd con t a ins a tu rn of fe ntime nt unu fu a l
inmonki fh e p i t a phs .Sti rp s, Gundre da , ducum,
de cu s e v i, nobi le ge rme n,Intu l it e ccl e fiis Anglorum ba l fama morumM a r[t is or tha ]
v it mife ris , fu i t e x p ie ta te M a ri a .
Pa rs obi i t M a rth e , fupére lt p a rs ma gna Ma ri e .
0 p ie Pa ncra ti, t e ll i s p ie ta tis 8: e qu i,Te fa ci t h e re d em, tu cle me n s fu fcip e ma tt em.
Se xta k a l e nd a rum junii lu x obvi a ca rn i sIfre git a l a ba flu
The firft l ine comp rize s h e r il lu ltn'
ou s de fce nt mo re compre h e nfive l y th a nbifhop Roge r
‘s . The fe cond a l lu de s to h e r me rit in firlt in troducing intoEngl a nd the Clun i a c o rde r, a re fo rm a nd p e rfe cting o f the Be ne d ictine , a nd
th is i s the ba I/a ma morum. Th e n fo l lows a be a u t i fu l a ll ufion to the ch a r a cte rsof the two filte rs, M a rth a a nd Ma ry, in the Gofpe l , wi th the h a pp y a pp i ica t ion of the contra lt be twe e n th em. The po e t, conce a l ing the bl a me a ble
p a rt of M a rth a ’s a tt a chme n t to the world,inge nioul ly re pre fe nts he r wo rld l y
minde dn‘
e fs a s d i re cte d to a nd go ve rne d by the be lt views, thofe o f p ro vid ing for
th e n e ce ffa rie s o f l i fe , a nd re l ie v ing th e d ifire ffe d . Enough rema in s o f the t hi rd
l ine to ibew th a t the comp a ri fon be gin s he re , th a t the firtt wo rd is the n a me of
M a rth a , a nd th a t he r e x amp le wa s fo l lowe d by Gundre d a in ch a ri ta ble diltribut 1ons, whi le in he r de vo t ion lhe cop i e d the e x amp le of h e r o the r filte r, who
{a t a t je fu s’
s fe e t a tte nt i ve to his doctrine .
The corpo ra l p a rt, in wh ich thi s good l a dy re fembl e d Ma rth a , ca me to the e nd of
a l l fie lh . The pa r;ma gna Ma rie ,wh ich I unde rll a nd a s fynonymou swi th th e be tte r
p a rt, i . e . the fou l , fu rvive s . The a ddre fs to St . Pa ncr a t iu s i s pe cu l i a rl y h a pp y .
He wa s the p a t ron of the newfound a t ion , a nd of the old chu rch wh ich p re ce de d
Montf. I. l 75.
D
i t. The e ndowme n t s of th i s hou fe we re v e ry confide ra hl e ; fo urte e n chu rche s
a nd ch a pe l s in Y o rk lh ire , be fide s l a rge po lfe ll ion s in Su lfe x , a nd the chu rch be
fo re o f wood wa s re bu i l t o f lione . The re ve nu e a t the .Dilfo lu tion a mou n te d to
be twe e n£960 . a nd j;1000 . a y e a r. As the cou nte fs d ie d,in ch ild-be d, a nd the
moth e r on l y i s re comme nde d to the re ga rds of the fa in t, i t i s p roba ble the ihf a n t fu rvive d. The fe ve nth l ine fixe s he r de a th to the f ix lb ca l e nds of j u newi th Dugda le a nd S a nford, . though a n a ntie n t re cord fe e n by Le N e ve
' ma ke si t the e igbfb ca l e nds. Notwith lta nding the h a rllm e fs o f the con ftruétion , I
c a nno t unde rlta nd obfv1a i n the fe nfe o f_
The fe -two l in e s do not rhyme
toge the r. The comp a rifon with the two fill e rs ho lds ve ry confilte ntly wi th li yling th is good prince fs
's de vot ion s th e bre a king the a l aba fl e r box o f h e r fle lh a nd
body , in a l lufion to the a l a ba fie r box_o f p re ciou s o in tme n t wi th wh ich Ma ry
,
the filte r of L a za ru s, a no in te d the fe e t of je fus p re p a r a to ry to hi s de a th ; a nd
wi th th is the ba l/a ma morum'
co rre fpond . jfregitwa nts, inde e d, th e ma rk o f theN o ve r it, a nd ma k e s the -.v e rle hobble bu t the re 'i s a l imil a r omi lfion ove rbe re a
'e in the fe cond l ine ,whe re i t i s indifp e nfa bl e ; a nd inli a nce sc f fuch hobbl ing
a re not u nfre qu e n t .Orde ri cu s Vit a l i s i s gu il t y of two milta k e s a bou t th is l a dy. H e ma k e s he r fu r
v i ve he r bu lba nd, wh ich is e x p re fsl y con t ra d icte d bo th by the re gilte r o f Lewe sa bbe y a nd the e a rl’s ch a rte r to it a nd he ca l l s -h e r d a ughte r of Ghe rhod, a
Fl eming, to whom the Conqu e ror h a d gi venthe cit y a nd e a rldom of Che lte r 3
in which h e is cop ie d by Du Che fne lmhof ‘, a nd Dugda le
6. M ill e s 7
a nd
S a ndford a ma k e he r the Conqu e ro r’s fifth da ughte r. The le dge r book of L ewe sa bbe y 9 ca l l s h e r d a ughte r of Qu e e n M a til da mothe r of He nry 1. confe que ntly lh ewa s d a ughte r of the Con qu e ror.
The monume n t of V ITALl é, twe n ty-firlt a bbot of Wq/lminfl e r, a nd fe cond
a fte r the Conqu e lt, who wa s e l e éte d 1 07 6, a nd d ie d 1 08 2 ; (though'
W idmore
p u ts h i s de a th 1 0 8 5 ) i s fu ppofe d to be {til l fubfifting in th e fou th cloilte r th e re ,milta k e n for th a t ofLa ure ntiur
,a noth e r a bbo t. Bu t fince Fle te de fcribe s i t a s be ing
a'
fm a l l one of ca bl e ma rble a t the fe e t of Gewqfiur’
r;”a nd Sporl e y, a s of white
m a rble , p l a in, a lmo lt e ve n wi th th e p a veme n t," l -do not fe e how on e of the l e
thre e figu re s of a bbot s nowthe re , a nd which a r e of gr ey or blu e m a rble , ca n be
a fcribe d to him; much l e fs one wil l; bray “de fcribe d by Ke e p e . The fe thre e fi~
gu re s a re p roba bly of thi s or the n e xt ce ntu ry, a nd be ingwithou t m i t re s, mu ll:
p re ce de La ure nce ,who p rocu re d the mi tre for th is hou fe bu t I doubt the y h a v eloft a l l the crite ri a for a lfigning them to the i r owne rs . Se e W idmore , p . 2 0.
D a rt’s App e ndi x to Vol . I I . p . 1 1 Mr. Da rt’s prin t i s much too fl a tte ring. Mr. B afire ’
s h e re a nne xe d i s a fa i thfu l rcpre fe nta tion of the i r pre fe nt lta te . The middlemo lt,which i s a lfo the rude lt, be ing in fo lowre l ie f a s to be ho l lowe d in the lione ,a nd inclofe d in a borde r, a nd wi thou t a m i t re , which wa s gra n te d a fte rwa rds, isnow infcribe d Gtc a s a r u s C a l smNus , who imme d i a te l y fucce e de d V it a l i s, a nd
d ie d 1_
1 1 7 , a s Widmore , bu t a s the pre fe nt infcription 1 1 1 4 . W idmore gi ve s themiddl emo ll: to Ge rm/ 14 .1, who d ie d 1 bu t Da rt de n ie s it.V ita l i s’ s e p it a ph nowgone, . though th e poe t ry be me a n e nough , i s ye t, fa y s
Mr.Widmore , be tte r th a n thofe of fome of his fucce lfors . I t wa s th i sA vita nome n qui tra x it, mort e voca n te ,Abba s V ita l i s tra n l i it, hicque ja ce t.
MS. note in Dugda le 'n B a rona ge in my po lf e fiion.
Mon . Aug. 1. 6 16. P. gu . a . c. Ta b. Ge ne a l. com.Wa rr. 8: Surr. p. 1085 .5 P. z . Ta b. XVIII. Ba r. 1. 74 C a t . of Honor. 63 .
P. 1 1 . Mon. Ang I I . 909. in a ddit. a d tom ] .The fe cond 13 d a te d 1176, confe que ntly the.mitre done cannot be Vita lis a s nowinfcribe d. Da rt giv e n it to Hume z,
who die d n u . Add. Epit.Gilbe rt's
i t r i
Gilbe rt’ s e p ita ph wa s gone in Fl e te ‘s t ime . Si r Jofe ph Ayloffe'
a lii i'
red ii iéth e re n e ve r we re a ny infcriptions on the l ide s o f the fe tombs
, a s I h a d conce i ve dth e re might h a ve be e n, l ike th a t on the fide s of bilhop Roge r
’s a t Sa l ilbury.
On th e north l i de o f the a l t a r a t Lincoln, i s a rich ca nop y monume n t o f 1 09 2 1fi x a rche s with pu rfle d p e d ime n ts , bu ttre lfe s, a nd finia l s ; a nd a t the h e a d a nd
fe e t wi th in a re double p a nne ls o f r ich dive rfifie d fo l i a ge . In th e fou th fron tof the lowe rmo lt o f th e two tombs co ve re d by i t a re two qu a tre fo i l s in circ le s ; a
th ird re p l a ced wi th a bl a ck ma rble t a ble , wi th th is mode rn e p i ta ph, e re c‘te d bybilhop Fu l le r
HUJUS FUNDATOR TEM P L I REM IGI U S URNAH AC jACET ATQUE BREV I : $ 11 S ATI S A PTA vwo‘
i
Sr TAM I-ZN INGENTI TRI BUES E QUALF. SEPULCH KUMB J U S PAR MENTI , MEN S EA QU ANTA r un !
S IT TUMU LU S TEMP LUM QUOD s r a u x mmr u s e , MINORENe e POS S IT TUMULO, a v r NOB ILIORE
The fouth front of the e a lte rnmo lt tombh a s thre e kn ights inma i l a nd fu‘
rma ts,
fi tt ing a nd re c l in ing the i r h e a ds a nd a rms on bl a nk fhie lds, a n u nu fu a l de cora -n
t ion ; a nd on the north fron t a re two figu re s writ ing. Th e firlt of the fe tombs bel ongs to bilhop REM l G l US , who h a v ing tra nfl a te d the fe e from Dorche lte r hi th e r,be ga n to bu il d th i s
'
chu rch 1 0 8 8 , a nd l e ft i t u nfin ilhe d a t his de a th, 1 09 2 .
Bot h he a nd h is fu cce fl’
or Blo e t,who finilh e d the chu rch, a n d d ie d 1 1 2 2 , a re fa i dby W i l l i s to h a ve be e n bu rie d in the chu rch of Remigiu s
’
s bu i lding ; the firli‘.
in the choir , the o th e r in the no rt h tra nfe p t, a nd bo th to h a ve h a d con t iguou s monume n ts, or a s h e ca l l s them cba pe l r, on the no rth tide of the cho i r . I tfe ems p roba ble , th a t the p re fe nt monume n ts a fcribe d to bo th we re e re cte d ove rthe i r rema ins with in the old cho i r
, whe n i t wa s re bu i lt by bilhop Ale x a nde r inthe re ign of He nry I . a nd Ste ph e n . This cho i r wa s con t inu e d fu rthe r e a lt a bou tthe clofe o f H e nry I l l ’s . re ign , a nd the fcre e n, rood- loft, a nd fia l ls, ma de in th a to f Edwa rd I I To fome o f the fe p e riods ma y the fe monume n ts be a fcribe d . The yca n the re fo re be me n t ione d he re on l y by a nticipita tion, be ing th e wo rk o f the fuca
ce e ding ce ntu ry . For th is rema rk I am inde bte d to Mr. Eli’
e x’s in t ima te a c
qu a in ta nce wi th e ve ry p a rt o f th is ca the dra l . The knights on the fron t o f th i s
monume n t ma y d e not e th e fol die rs pl a ce d to gu a rd our Lo rd’s fe pu lchre ; a s on
a tomb in th e north tide of the a l t a r a t Northwo ld, in Norfo lk, whe re a re th re ea rme d me n be twe e n th re e t re e s, a ll in a re cl in ing polture . The fe fe pu lchre s
we re a lwa ys e re ct e d on the no rth fide o f the a l ta r . Thoma s Fie ne s, lo rd D a cre ,by h is wi l l, 1 5 3 1 , be qu e a th e d his body to be bu rie d on the nort h l i de the a l t a r a t
H urltmonce a u x , a nd o rde re d, th a t a tomb lh ou ld be ma de for p l a cing th e re the
fe pu lchre of o ur lo rd . S ir He n ry Col e t wi ll s to be burie d a t Ste pn e y, a t the fe
p u lchre be fore St . Dun lta n, a nd his monume n t is ll il l to be fe e n on the no rth
l i de of th e chu rch 3
The l a ft o f th e monume n ts on the fou th l id e withou t the choir a tWe ll: i s by 105 9 .
Godwin re fe rre d to bilhop DUDO, who d ie d 1 05 9 ; a nd th a t on'
the north 1 08 8 .
fide to h is fucce fior Grso, who die d 1 08 8 5.
Though the CONQUEROR h a d no gr a ve o rmonume n t in Engl a nd, the ci rcum 1089.
l‘
ta nce s th a t a tte nded h is de a th a re conn e cte d wi th the pre fe nt fu bje él . H e h a d
n o foon e r bre a th e d h is l a lt a t the a bbe y of St . Ge rva fe , on a h i l l ou t of Rou e n to
the we ft, th a n a l l hi s dome fiics not on ly forfook him, but p lunde re d his a p a rt
Ca thedra ls, I] . 46. Sec Arch. 1V. Blomfie ld’
s N°f f° 1kv L Sl 7yPu 365. Ibl 366.
me n ts
[ 1 2 ]
me nt s fo comp l e te l y, th a t h is corpfe wa s le ft n a k e d, a nd he Wou ld h a ve wa nt e d
a gra ve , h a d i t not be e n . for the more gra te fu l cl e rgy a nd the a rchbi lh op o f
Rou e n , who o rde re d the body to be con v e ye d to C a e n , a nd on e l l e rl u in , a ge n
t l ema n o f the p l a ce pa ga n/1"
: a qua !) from pu re goodne fs o f h e a rt (”a l um/i bon i
l a te ) took u po n himfe l f the ca re of the fu n e ra l, p rovide d the p rop e r p e r lbns
(po/Iinfior e r c ej/v’
lione r) a nd h ire d a ca rri a ge to conve y it to the r ive r, a nd
the nce qu i te to C a e n . Th e re the a bbo t a nd con ve n t, a tte nde d by crouds o f
cl e rgy a nd l a i t y, ca me ou t to me e t it . B u t a s the y we re p roce e d ing to p a y the
p ro p e r honou rs, the y we re a l a rme d by a fudde n fire wh ich broke ou t in a hou fe,
a nd de ll roye d gre a t p a rt o f the ci t y . The dill ra é‘
te d pe op le we n t to gi ve the n ece fl
'
a ry a lfilta nce , a nd l e ft the monk s, wi th a fewbil hops a nd a bbot s , to go o n
with the fe rvice ; wh ich be ing finilh e d, a nd the f a rm/Ma gus l a id in th e grou nd,the body {ti l l l ying on the bie r, Gilbe rt, bifli op o f Evre u x, pronou nce d a longp a ne gyric on the de ce a fe d ; a nd, in conclufion , ca l l e d on the a u d i e nce to p ra y forh is fo u l . On a fu dde n {ta rt s u p from the croud Afce l in Fi tz-Arthu r, a nd de
ma nds a comp e nfa tion for the grou nd the y fl ood on, which he fa id W i l l i a m h a d
forcibl y t a ke n from his fa th e r to foun d h is a bbe y on i t ; a nd in God’s n a me forbids the bu ry ing h im on h is p rop e rt y, or co ve ring him with h i s t
'
u rf. The bi
lh op s a nd noble s h a v ing fa tisfie d th emfe l ve s a bou t the t ru th o f h i s dema nd, we reobl ige d to p a y h im imme d i a t e l y fix ty lhil l ings for the gra ve , a nd p romifc a n
e qu i v a l e n t for the t e ll of the grou nd, which the y a fte rwa rds ga ve h im. The ythe n p roce e de d to th e inte rme n t : bu t in l a y ing th e body in the fa rcopha gu s, i twa sfou nd to h a ve be e n ma de fo fma i l by the ignora nce o f the m a fou , th a t th e y we re
fo rce d to p t e fs the corpfe with fuch viole nce , th a t th e fa t be l l y bu rlt, a nd d iffufe d
a n in to lera ble (te nch , wh ich a l l the fmok e o f the confe rs a nd o th e r fp ice s cou l dnot ove rcome . The pn
‘
e lts we re gl a d to hu rry o v e r th e fe rvice , a nd ma ke thebe lt o f th e i r o f th e i r wa y home in no fma i l frightW i l l i a m Ru fu s e re cte d to h is fa th e r’s memo ry a cofl l ymonume n t, e xe cu te d by
the goldfmith Otho , to whom h e ca u fe d to be de l i ve re d a gr e a t qu a n t it y of gold,l i lve r, a nd p re cio u s lione s ; a nd the fo l lowing e p i t a ph, compofe d by Thoma s ,a rchbilhop o f York , wa s pu t on i t in go l d l e tte rs
Qu i re x it rigidos Northma nos, a tqu e Brita no sAu d a étcr v icit, fort ite r obtinu it,
Et C e noma ne n fe s v i rtu te coe rcu it e nfe s,lmp e riiqu e fu i l egibu s a pp l icu it ;
Re x ma gnu s p a rv a ja ce t hic GULIELMUS in uma
Su fficit 8: ma gno p a rv a domu s domino .
Te r fe ptem gra dibu s fe volv e ra t a tqu e duobu sV irgin i s in gremio Phoebu s, se h ic obi i t .
in 1 5 2 2 , Pe te r de M a rign y, bi lhop o f C a ltre s, a nd a bbot of St . St e ph e n a tC a e n, a t the fol l icita tion o f a gre a t ca rd in a l , a n a rchbilhop , a nd a n I t a l ia n bilhop , de firou s to fe e the rema in s of the Conqu e ro r, ope n e d his tomb, a nd fou ndthe body in the origin a l l i tu a tion . The a bbo t ca ufe d a p a in t ing to be ta k e n of
i t on wood ju lt a s i t a pp e a re d . But in 1 5 6 2, the H ugonots, not con te n t wi thd e ll roying thi s p a int ing, demo l ilh e d the tombs of the Conque ro r a nd h is wife ,wit h th e i r e ffigie s in re l i e f to the l ife , a nd broke in p ie ce s wi th the ir d a gge rs theConqu e ror‘s bie r e ma de o f p ie r re de volde ril, a nd fu pporte d on th re e l itt le white
p il a lt e rs . Th e y e x p e él e d to h a ve me t with fome tre a fure , but fou nd on l y h i s
Pom) dum co rpus in fa re ofa gummitte re tur, 8: vio le nte r, quia v a l pe r imprude ntiamcz me nt a rioru rn breve ll ru él ume ra t , complica rctu r, p inguimmus ve nte r cre pu it, 81 intol e ra b
'
i lis fz tor circumll m te a pe rfona l 8! re l iquum vu lgu s implev it. Fumu s thurl s a l iorumque a roma tum dc thnribulis copiofe a fce nde ba t ; fe d te te rr
'
unum puto re m e x d ude rc non prava lcba t. Sa ce rdo tu ita que fe ll ina ba nt e x e quia a pe rfice re , 81 a él u tum ful cum pa vore ma ppa li a ne pe te re . 0rd. V it. 663 .
Ve rfus-hujufmodi e x a uro infe rti funt. o rd. Vi t. l b. PrnriI/a/ in le tte n of go ld upon his tomb. Sa ndford, p . 6.
Ra the r 711111 111 , a s on the Confe fl'
o r’
s lh rine .
[ I 4 ]
me a n t) , fe cond fon of the Conqu e ro r, who came to a n unt ime l y de a th a s he
wa s -hun t ing in the Ne wFo re ft, wa s bu rie d in the fou tlr a i le o f the cho ir a t
Wine /J e/l e r, whe re i s a n a lt a r tomb fe t in the wa l l , u nde r a fma i l Go th ic ca nop y,o n which is th is infcription , in Roma n-S a xon ca p i ta l s .
H ic ja ce t Rica rdu s W il l i fe nioris re gis fil . e t Be orn . Du x .
On the le dge a bove , in the fa me l e tte rs
In tu s e lf corpu s Rich a rdi VVil lh e lmi
Co nqe ftor'
ts fil ii e t B e rn ie du c is .
W i l l i a m o f Ma lmfbury' fa ys it wa s re po rt e d , th a t th i s you ng p rince , who
ha d a fpirit a bove h is y e a r s a nd de lic a te p e rfon, wa s {tru ck by a bla ff o f fou l a ir
a s h e wa s hu n t ing in the Ne wFo re ft. Geme tice nfi sz
on l y fa ys h e d ie d of a
wound re ce i ve d by the blowof a tre e , o fwh ich h e l inge re d a f bort t ime . Orde
ricu s Vita l i s ’,th a t a s he wa s pu rfu ing his ga me fu l l fp e e d a h a ze l bra nch bru ife d
him a ga in (t the pumme l of the fa dd le , a nd ga ve him a mo rt a l wound, of wh ich
h e d ie d within the we e k , u n iv e rfa ll y re gre t te d. Thoma s Rudbo u rne ‘ fa ys , h e d ie d
fudde n ly. The fhort Chron icl e o f Glouce fior Abbe y, in Mon . Ang. I . 994 ,
pu t s h is de a th 1 08 0, a nd his bu ri a l in th a t chu rch . H e ce rt a in l y doe s not wit
n e fs a ch a rte r of h is u ncle Robe rt e a rl o f Mo rton to St . Mich a e l’s mou n t in Nor
ma ndy, which Mr . H a be rl in re fe rs to 1 07 65.
S a ndfo rd de fcribe s his monume n t a s two bl a ck ma rble fione s , in l a i d in to the
n ewwo rk bu i l t by bifhop Fo x , one o f wh ich {l a nds e dgewa ys in the wa l l, a ndthe o th e r lie s fla t, con ta in ing a n e p i t a ph on the ve rge the re o f in Sa xon le tte rs,fign ifying the p e rfon th e re in in t e rre d to be duk e of Be rn a y in Norma ndy
6.
CONSTANCE, fe cond d a ughte r of the Conqu e ro r, wife of Al a n Fe rga nt duke
of Bre ta gne , d ie d 1 090 , a nd wa s bu rie d a t St . Me l a ine . H e r corp s wa s fou n d
1 67 2 , u nde r the Towe r. I t ha d be e n wra p t in le a th e r, of wh ich on l y the fr a gme n t s rema ine d , a s a lfo thofe o f a coa rfe woo l le n cloth, wi th h e r fcu l l a nd o the r
bon e s, a nd a le a de n crofs , wh e re on we re e ngra ve d he r n a me , d a te o f he r de a th ,a nd th e na me of he r fa th e r a nd hufba nd Al a n di e d 1 1 1 9, a nd Wa s bu rie d in
R e don a bbe y ‘.
W i l l i a m’s fou r o th e r da ught e rs we re , Ce cily a bbe fs o f Ho l y Trini ty, C a e n ,wh e re
{ he d ie d a nd wa s bu rie d 1 1 2 79 Ade/i2 61, a nu n, be t ro the d to H a ro ld k ing of
Engl a nd, but die d be fo re ma rri a ge , be fo re 1 066 Ade /a or Alice , wife o f
Ste phe n e a rl o f Blo i s : Ag a tba , be tro the d firii to H a rold, a fte r to Alphonfu s, k ingo f G a l ici a , but d ie d be fo re ma rri a ge , a gr e e a ble to he r p ra ye r for pu re v irgin i t y
burie d in St . M a ry’s chu rch a t B a ye u x
Rle li a rdus ma gna nimo p a re nti fpem l a udls a icha t pucr de l ica tut , a : u t id t t a tu lt pufio a ltum qu id fp iram : fe d
ta nta m primr vi floris indolem mors a ce rba cito de pa fl a corre pit . Tra dun t ce rvos in nova fore il a te re bra n tem ta bidia e rit ne bula mo rbum incurrilf e . Il l . p . 6 1 . b.
( a n a rborit ma le e vita tte z gro ta n s, po ll pa u lulum hominem e xu it. viii. c 9. p . 196.
Dum prope Gue nt a m in nova fo re tl a ve na re tu r, Gt qua nd am fe r-am ca ba l lo curre nte pe rtina cire r in feque re tur a d fe ll:
c l ite l la mva lid o cori li ra mo a dmodum conflriftut e ll , a : le tha l ite r l z-‘
fus. De hinc e ad e m he bdoma da p a nite ns a t a bfolutur,a tque fa cro vin ico communitun e ll : ne e mul to po ll cum ma gno mu ltorum lnfhi in Anglia de fu uéhts e il . .V.
'
p . 573.
l dem, p . 78 1 At Chron .Tinmouth up . Le l. Coll. I . p . ii. p .
Ap . Le i. Coll. I. ii. 4 17.Fa milia Aug.Will. Conq. Ge tting. 174; p. 7.
P. 8 . Lobine a u, I . 104. II. 3 5 3. lb. 1. ord . Vit. 549. Sa ndford.o rd. Vit. 185 . 491 . 5 73. l b. 573.
C E N
Y e p a l l id fp irits, a nd ye a lb ie ghofts,Which jo in ing in the brightn e fs of you r da y,Brought forth the fe figns of you r pre fump tuou s boa fis ,Wh ich now the ir du ll y re l ique s do bewra y,Te l l me , ye fpirits, (nth the da rkfom ri ve r
Of Styx, not p a fla bl e to fou l s re tu rn ing,Enclofing you in thrice thre e wa rds for e ve r,Do not r
‘
e ltra iu you r ima ge s {till mou rn ing),Te ll me , the n (for p e rh a p s fome one of you
Y e t h e re a bove him fe cre'
tl y do th h ide )Do ye not fe e l you r torme n t s to a ccrue
Wh e n ye fome time s be ho l d the ru in e d p ride
Of th e fe old Go th ic works, bu i l t with you r h a n ds,Nowto be come nought e lfe but h e a p e d fa nds.
S e a m a n, Ru ine s Rome .
[ 1 6 ]
i t i s th a t we find no monume nt for C a nu t e ; bu t on the fcr'
e e n be hind the h igh
a lt a r a re n ich e s a nd p e de l l a ls fo r the fia tu e s o f a l l the k ings a nd ho l y me n de po
l i te d in thi s gra nd re po fi tory, with th e i r n a me s in fcribe d on them.
INGELRICA, wi fe o f Ra nu l ph de Pe v e re l l , miil re fs to the Conqu e ror, who h a d
by he r W i l l i a m de Pe v e re l l o f Nott ingh a m, a nd fou ndre fs of H a tfie /d Perve re l'
p ri
o ry, ElTe x , h a s a be tte r monume n t o f the fa me d a t e ._H e r figu re , cu t in ftone , with
a l io n a t he r fe e t, i s ( a id to l ie in on e o f th e nort h windows o f the p rio ry chu rch .
I con fe fs myfe l f a lmo it incl ine d a ga in (t th e op in ion o f my l a te inge n iou s fri e ndwho drewthe monume n t,to re fe r it to fome re l igiou s, a nd th a t wh a t {h e ho lds inhe r h a nds , common l y fu ppofe d a h e a rt, is a ch a l ice , we re i no t a wa re t h a t Le l a nd
e x pre fs l y fa ys Ed ith D’
Oil l e y, fou ndre fs o f Ofe n e y, h a d a he a rt in he r h a nd on the
no rth fide of the h igh a lt a r th e re '. Th e figu re might poflib/y h a ve be e n a t firit
p l a ce d a s it now(l a nds . It i s ra ife d fix or (e ve n fe e t from the grou nd , a nd th e rem ight be a n a l ta r be n e a th for ma lfe s . The window I l ho u ld th ink i s not o lde rth a n the re ign o f Edwa rd l l l . Mo lt p roba bl y th e figu re l a y on the gro und, a ndwa s remove d to the windowwh e n th a t p a rt o f the a i l e wa s p ewe d . Bo th the
figu re a nd windowa re drawn on a fc a le o f on e inch to a foo t . Sce Pl . II. The
fh ie lds we re in t e nde d to be p u t u p in the window by Mr. W right the p rop rie to r
o f the e fl a te a nd p a t ron o f the chu rch . The y a re th e a rms o f a l l th e pofie fiors
fince the d iifo l u tion . On the l e ft h a nd tho fe o f Gil e s Le lgb, to whom i t wa s
gra n te d by He nry Vl l l . 1 5 3 7 . On the right the fa me imp a le d by thofe o f
job”Alle n who ma rr ie d Ma rga re t e lde fl' d a ughte r o f Le igh , a nd fucce e de d to h is
e fl a te on his de a th the fo l lowing y e a r2
. In the ce n tre a re the a rms of j'o/m Wr igbt,
e fqu ire3,
'who rebu i l t the p riory-hou fe on a no the r ipo t, a nd re p a ire d the chu rcha bou t 20 y e a rs a go, a nd fince p rocu re d th e cu ra cy to be a ugme nte d to a Vica r a ge .
The tomb gi ve n to the foundre fs o f Dunmowprio ry, Efl'
e x , JUGA B A YNARD,who d i e d in the be ginn ing o f th is ce n tu ry, i s a co ffin o f gre y ma rble , th e cov e ra n do: (f a me , wi th a crofs fie u ry on the ridge , in the Sou th wa l l o f the prefe n t ch a nce l , o rig in a l l y the n a ve ; fromwhich circumfl a nce , though the a nci e ntt ra d it ion o f the p l a ce is a ga in li me , I lhou ld, we re i t not th a t Le l a nd d e fcribe s
fuch a cro fs on the tomb o f H e n ry D’
Oi l l i,(on o f the fou ndre fs , a t Ofe ne y
4, ra
th e r a fcribe th is tomb to fome p rior. Se e the p l a t e a t the h e a d o f th is ce n tu ry,fig. 2 .
ROBERT F i 'r z HAIMON, o f the bloo d of duke Ro l lo , n e phew to W il li a m the
Conqu e ro r 5, who fo unde d Tw i g/bury a bbe y 1 1 02 , d ie d I 1 0 7 , a nd wa s bu rie d inthe ch a p te r-houfe the re , wa s remove d, wi th h is wi fe , by a bbo t Pa rk e r, 1 3 97
6
,
in to a ch a p e l o f fre e - (tone , be a u t i fu l l y ca rve d, with a borde r o f oa k - l e a v e srou nd i t
,a nd a gi l t fa fcia o f ro fe s, h a ving le t te rs now a lmo it va n ifh e d, p roba bl y
the in fcription gi ve n by Ru dde r7
, a nd a t th e corn e rs a nge l s hold fcro l ls infcribe d,Regnie r bit d
’
a lt ir ma nna , a nd o th e r fe n te nce s too high a nd indifiinét to be re a d .
The infcrip tion be fo re re fe rre d to wa s
In ifia Ca p e ll a ja ce t Dn’
a s Robe rta : Filia r H a imonir.
Le l a nd 8
gi ve s i t in ca me r a fa ce/Ii,
H icja ce t Robe rtu Jfi/iur H a ymoni: bujur locz'
funda /or.
It. l'l . 19. a t . Mora ni ’s fill e r , Il . q t .
3 Mr. Wright ha s he re the three fine bu ll. in te t ra e o tta o f He n ry V'
l l . H e nry VHI . whe n a boy, a nd bifhop H/bz r,from the Holbe in cha mbe r in the ga te l a fl ta ke n down a t White ha ll .
It . I I. n . Le l . It. vi. 96. Willis, Mi t. Ab. p . 3 8 5.’
_
Gloc . p . 746. Ubi (up. p.96.
W ithin
'
r 7 1
W i th in this ch a p e l i s a n a l ta r tomb of fp e ckl e d ma rble , h a ving on the fou th
fide five n iche s, a nd on e a t the fe e t : thofe o n the no rth gone . On the fl a b wa sin l a id h i s figu re in bra fs, with a po in te d h e lme
'
t, long fword, l ion a t the fe e t,u nde r a ca nopy, a bo ve wh ich we re two fhie lds, a nd a t th e fide s a bra fs le dge ;a l l gone . On the e a fi wa ll of th i s ch a pe l a re indiltinét t ra ce s o f p a in t ing o f a ba t
tle . Two kn ight s in i t h a ve on th e i r fu roo a ts Az . be a rs’ h e a ds mu zzle d, e re fce nt s, a nd be za nt s . Ano the r kn ight h a s a fword a nd fhie l d, a nd by him is a n
a nge l, a nd o ve r him a l i t t le fa va ge . I a m not ce rta in whe the r the re a re not tworows o f t hre e figu re s in comp a rtme n ts. The {tone roof o f the ch a p e l i s com
pofe d o f be a u t ifu l fa n wo rk , o f the a ge d He n ry IV or V . This monume n t i sd e fcribe d he re bywa y o f a n t icip a t ion ,
'
be ing two ce n tu r ie s l a te r.Robe rt Fit z H a imon wa s the chie f a étor in the conqu e lt of Gl a morga nfhire .
M a be l h i s e lde lt d a ughte r ma rrie d Robe rt e a rl of Gloucefie r, n a tu ra l fon to
H e nry l . who beca me p a t ron of thi s a bbe y in right of h is wi fe , a nd from th ema n he i r fema le ca rrie d i t to the fa mi ly o f Cl a re , who we re cre a te d e a rls o f Glo uce fte r, a nd from th em it p a lt th rough the Difp e nfe rs , B e a uch amps, N e vi l ls , Se c.
t i l l the di ll'
o lu tion . je ftin , (on o fGu rgunt, lo rd of Gl a morga mh ire , be ingun a bl e tode fe nd himfe lf a ga inft th e inva fion o f Rhys a p Th e odo re p rince of Sou th Wa le s,fe n t one En ion his fe rva nt to Robe rt Fit z H a imon the n kn ight of th e p ri vy
ch a mbe r to Ru fu s, 1 09 1 , wi th promife of l a rge rewa rd for h i s a ffifta nce . R0
be rt h a v ing re ta in e d twe l v e kn ights, m a rch e d into W a le s, fl ew Rhys a nd hi s
fon Cona n ; but je ftin bre a k ing his wo rd with th em, th e y tu rn e d th e i r v idto
riou s a rms a ga inft him, a nd h a v ing d e fe a te d a nd (l a in him, d i vide d h is t e rrito ri e s a mong them, g i v ing h is {on a nd fr ie nds a fma l l p a rt He a dhe re d to
Robe rt Cu rthofe a ga in (t W i l l i am Ru fu s whofe de a th wa s re ve a le d to him in
a v ifion a nd d ie d o f a . wound by a {p e a r a t the l i e ge of Fa l e ife in Nor
ma n dy, 7 H e n l ‘. His body wa s brought ove r a nd bu rie d in the Chap te r-hou fe
a t Tewkfbury, wh ich chu rch a nd towe r h e re bu i l t 5 ; whe nce i t wa s remove d
be twi xt two p il la rs on the fou th fide o f the choir, whe re a da i l y ma fs wa s fungfor him. H e ma rrie d Sibill da ughte r of Roge r d e Mon tgome r y e a rl of Shrewfbu ry, bywhom h e le ft fou r d a ught e rs
GUNDULPH , bifhop of Roche fi e r, who die d 1 1 07, wa s bu ri e d be fo re th e 1 1
h igh a lt a r of h i s ca th e dra l, in bqfilica fe dis jute7; a nte a lt a re crucyfx i e cclefice
‘
quam iffe ca n/lrux e ra t ; p roba bl y on the fou th fide , n e a r to the confe ffiona ry,
in a che fi wi thou t a ny e ffigie s Whe th e r h i s rema in s a re in te rre d in the a n
t ie n t l a rge {l one che it o f gra y ma rble cove re d by_
a . fla b of the fa me , {till re
ma in ing on th e fou th fide of the h igh a l t a r wi th in the ra i l s is not ce rt a in It
doe s no t fe em to a dmi t o f a doubt, th a t the forme r wa s the p l a ce o f inte rme n t,
i f we be l ie ve th e con t empor a ry a u tho r of his l ife in Wh a rton . B u t i t wou l d
be commi t t ing too gre a t a n a na chronifm in the a e ra of monume n ts to fuppo fe th a th is W a s th e bra fsl e fs fla b wh ich h a d the figu re of a bifhop, u nde r a rich ca
nopy, wi th fou r fh ie lds, a nd a le dge wi th four ronde a u x a t i ts co rne rs, a nd twoin the midd le o f e a ch fide , now l y ing be fore the Re p s of the a l t a r, or th a t
o the r bra fs l e fs fla b with a ca nop y a t the foo t of the Re p s of the a lt a r.
Th e monkifh hifiori a n fa ys, the bifhop‘
s body a nd h a nds which ha d a lwa vsbe e n bl a ck in hi s l i fe t ime , a fte r h i s de a th tu rne d fudde n ly whi te . Wh ile hewa s in e x tremist the monks l a id him on a boa rd on his h a ir c lo th , ne a r the
Powe l’s Hill . of Wa le s , p. 1 14 . Ma lmlb . p . 88 .3 Ma t. Pa ri s , A . D. “00, p. 5 3.
4 .Ma lmlb . p . 89.3 Mon . Aug. 1. 15 5. ord. V it. p. 5 78. Mon. Aug. ubi iup .
\Vha rton, Aug. Sa c. I. 406. lb. Willis, p . 3 8 7. Hi ll . ofRoch. p. i n . Hit} , orRoch. $ 5.Ta bu la de more pe rcufl
‘
a .
Whe n a re ligions of the a bbey of Cluny die s , theywa nt him a t pre re nt on a ta ble in the ve ry pla ce whe re he die d.An o ld (l one la va tory ufe d on the fe occa fions is pre fe rve d in a cha pe l the re ; it is fix o r leve n fe e t long, fe ve n or e ightinche s de e p , with a {l one pillow of the fame pie ce with the trough, a nd a hole a t the fe e t e nd to le t o ff the wa te r.The re a re fimila r one s in the ca the dra ls of Lyons a nd Ro ue n, a nd in the hofpit a l in Cluny in the middle o f the ha ll o f thefie k poo r. Tha t in the fe cond chu rch of Cluny fe rve s nowonly to l a y the body in a fte r it is dre ll , till the p roce fli vma nd fe rv
'
ice be gins. It wa s forme rly in a hollow in the ground, on the le ft ha nd of the door of the gre a t Infirma rywithout. Mol eoo, Voy. Liturgique , p. ISI , 1 52.
t F
[ 1 8 ]
ch a p e l infirma ry, a nd a fte r he bre a th e d his l a li th e y ca rri e d him wa fhe d a nd
clo a the d in pon tifica l ibu s in to the chu rch of St . Andrew a nd l a id him be
fore h is a l ta r.
1 1 5 . In the north a i le o f the cho i r a t H e r eford, u nde r a po inte d a rch, with a bor
2 1. HP .
1 1 19 .
1 1 2 2.
d e r o f n a i lhe a d qu a t re fo i l s, a mit re d h e a d in po in t, a nd two in ca p s a t the ba fe s,is a h a ndfome figu re o f bilhop RAINELM ; his right h a n d glove d bl e fli ng ; in h i sl e ft a cre fie r, the top brok e n o il
”
; a t h is fe e t a bra cke t. H e di e d 1 1 1 5 . The in
fcrip tion p a int e d ove r h im for a long t ime ga ve i t to bilhop Loz ing, to whom God
win a nd Le l a nd ’ h a d a fl ign e d i t, a nd to whom i t i s nowfixe d, by the n a me ofRobe rt . It wa s re p a i re d 1 7 68 . Ove r it i s p a inte d,
Dn‘
s Robe rto s de Loth a ringa cpu s‘
He re f. oh. A . D . 1 09 5 .
B i ll iop Godwin s re a fon fo r t ra n s fe rring th i s tomb from Ra ine lm to Loz i g/z”a is,
th a t the figu re on th i s ho lds in its h a nd a chu rch , a s if a l lud ing to him a s fou n
de r o f the chu rch . I t i s t ru e Lofinga be ga n to re bu i ld i t, on the mode l o f th a te re cte d a t -\ i x l a Ch a pe l le by Ch a rlema gne , a nd a t the fame t ime th a t R emi
gins be ga n th a t a t Linco ln . Bu t i t i s no l e fs t ru e th a t h e l i ve d to fin ilh on lythe n a ve , a nd le ft th e re fl to his fucce f'l
'
or a nd th a t Ra ine lm d efie d thetowe r, with the fpire a nd two tra nfe p ts . Th e chu rch which he holds inh is ba nd e xh ibits the fi ruétu re thu s comp l e te d ; a nd l h a ve e ngra ve d i t,t h a t my re a de rs ma y judge for themfe l ve s, whe th e r th is monume n t belongs to Lofinga or Ra ine lm, a nd whe th e r the figu re o f the chu rch r e
fe rs to the be ginne r or fin ifhe r th e re of.W i l l i s“, a ft e r fa y ing th a t Lofinga wa s bu ri e d on th e fou th fide o f the
'
high
a lt a r” (in fte a d o f which, in firietne fs he lhou ld h a ve fa id, in the fou th a i le ofthe cho i r) but by mifla k e o f the p a int e r is
“c a l le d Ra ine lm
,
”
pre fe ntl y a fte r fa ys,th a t R a ine lmwa s burie d u nde r a n a rch on the ou tfide the fcu l l) a i le ”
(he lhou ldh a ve la id nor/b) oppo l i te to the cho i r, by mifta k e p a in te d Lofinga .
Godwin s bu ri e s Tn a u t rnus , bifii op o f Worcefie r, who d ie d 1 1 1 5 , in the
n zu e a t the e ntra nce of the cho ir, u nde r a itone wh e re on we re to be fe e n th e
figu re s o f two bifhops , re pre fe nting himfe l f a nd his pre de ce fl'
or Samfon . The fe
a pp e a r in no l a t e a cco u nt s o f thi s ca the d r a l . Two bifhops on the fame fl a b a re
no t uncommon o n the Fre nch monume nts.
H a ns e n-r DE LOZINC A, who t ra nsfe rre d the fe e from The tfo rd to Norwicb,
1 09 4 , a nd d i e d 1 1 1 9, wa s bu rie d in h is own ca the dra l, be fore the h igh a lta r,u nde r a tomb a bou t a n e l l high, Wh e n the pu lp it in the l a te ci vi l wa rs wa s
p l a ce d a t the p i l l a r wh e re nowbifhop Ove ra l l's monume n t i s, a nd th e a lde r
me n‘s fe a t s we re fix e d a t the c a ll e nd a nd the ma y or’s fe a t in th e middle a t the
h igh a lt a r,th e he ight o f th e tomb be ing a n h indra nce to th e p e op le i twa s p u l le d
down . 1: h a d, m a ny y e a rs be fore , lo ft i ts in fcription, which m a y be fe e n in
The tomb continu e d de mo l ifhe d t i l l 1 68 2 , whe n the p re fe nt a l t a rtomb, inclo fe d wi th iron r a i ls, in the middle o f the cho i r n e a r the fl e ps o f thea lta r, wa s e re ct e d by th e de a n a nd ch a p te r , a dorne d wi th th e i r a rms a nd tho feo f the fe e on the fide s a nd e nds, a nd on the top a n infcription fa id to be drawnu p by Dr . Pride a u x , wh ich ma y be fe e n in B lomfie ld, l l . 3 3 4 .
In the no rth a i le o f the cho ir'
o f H e reford, u nde r a po in te d a rch i s the figu re o fhi ll to p CLY V E pon tifica l ly h a bit e d, the top o f his crozie r brok e n off, a nd ove r himth i s infc ription .
Dn’
s Godfridu s tl e Clyve e p . He re ford. ob. A . 1 1 1 9 ,
ROB ERT bi lho p o f Lincoln , who d ie d 1 1 2 2 , wa s bu ri e d in the northtra n fe pt o f h is chu rch , bu t h a d a ch a pe l on th e no rth fide the cho i r
, wh e re i tnow rema in s a t the h e a d o f R emigiu s, a s a l re a dy de fcribe d, p . 1 1. wi th thre e
The C a the dra l. P . 4 8 1 . H e a dds hi ll top Clyve lie s a little -a bo—w his pre de ce fl'
or Robe rt.9 It . V l l l . 86. In i
'nru
'n .bon
'Robe r t u s dc Lore ine (p i/caput H e rdin dcn. H e ca lls him He Le n in: be ca u fe he wa s
a Lorra ine r. Luc )’ of H e re ford C a the dra l
, p. 5 13 P. 4 56.foldie rs
be e n p a int e d fiuce th e re ign o f He n ry IV . H e ca l l s the re ft the a rmso f (e v e ra l o f
the Wort/J im. B u t whe nce he go t h is lr'
onfitl ing in a e l m/r,_
a /td bolt/ing a pole a x
for the fe co nd co a t I ca nno t conce i ve , fince the y a re p l a in l y a s a bo ve gi v e n , t a ke n
by me , j u ly 2 7 , 1 7 8 1 . H e fa ys th a t Robe rt wa s bu rie d in the choir o f St . Pe te r’s
chu rch a t G lou ce fl e r, before tbe 17n a lta r : bu t n e i the r Orde ricu s Vita li s nor
Gu l ie lmu s Gemitice nfis,whom he c ite s, fa y mo re th a n th a t h e wa s bt
'
i rie d in
t h a t chu rch . L e l a nd fa y s he is bu ri e d in the Pr efiyl e ry .
3 5 . The corpfe of HENRY l . wa s remo ve d from Ch a te a u Lyon, or th e roy a l p a l a ce
of St . De n ys in the Fore ft o f Lyon 3 wh e re h e d i e d to St. Ma ry’s a bbe y a t
Rou e n . Th e n e xt n ight the fa t ca rca fe wa s op e ne d in the a rchbi lhop‘
s ch a mbe r
,by a fk il l fu l pe rfon, a nd emba lme d 5
. H is bowe l s ‘
,bra in s, a nd e y e s,we re
c a rried in a n u rn to the town o f St . Erme ntrude , a nd bu rie d in St . Ma ry de l a Prechu rch, which h a d be e n 'be gun by his mothe r, bu t finifhe d
'
by him. His bod y,a fte r h a ving be e n ga fht wi th kn i ve s, a nd fprink l e d p le n t ifu l l y wi th fa ir, wa sfewe d up in bu l l s
”hide s, to a vo id the Fre nch, wh ich wa s fo gre a t a s to a ffe c‘t the
a flifia nts , a nd the p e rfon who wa s h ire d a t a gre a t p rice to cl e a ve h is h e a d wi tha n a x , in o rde r to e x t ra ct the in fe cte d bra in , though his own he a dwa swra p t roundwi th l ine n c lo th e s, d ie d o f th e fte nch . This, fa ys Hove de n , wa s th e l a ft o fma nywho owe d the i r de a th to k ing H e n ry . Whi le the corpfe wa it e d a t C a e n a l l the
{a l t a nd le a the r e n ve lope cou ld not p re ve n t a bla ck ftink ingm a tte r from oufingthrough, wh ich .wa s re ce ive d in ve ffe ls fe t unde r the bie r, a nd thrown a wa y . Ro
be rt de Sigi l lo bifhop of London, Robe rt tl e V e re , John Alga fa , a nd o th e rs, both
c le rgy a nd l a i t y, conducte d the bie r (f e re l rum) through‘Pon t Au doma r a nd
Bona mv i l l e , to Ca e n , whe re i t wa s ke p t in the cho i r of St. Ste phe n n e a r a mon th ,wa i ting for a wind
‘
to bring i t to Engl a nd . Aft e r Chriflma s i t wa s contluci e d fromth e nce by the monks, a nd honou ra bl y e nte rre d by the k ing h is fucce ll
'
or, the
bifh ops a nd nobl e s, in Re a ding a bbe y 7, Dr. Stu k e le y fuppofe d the ch a pe l o f th a thou fe wa s rema i n ing 1 7 2 1 . a l a rge { he l l 1 6 y a rds by 2 8 , with five l a nc
’
e t femic ircu l a r windows towa rds the c a ll , a nd thre e windows ov e r thre e we lt doors.S ir H e nry Engle fie ld t a k e s th i s for the h a l l, fe e t by 79, a nd -fuppofe s the
chu rch in ti re ]y tl e ftroye d .9.
1 1 3 9. I fl a tte re d myfe l f I h a d, by a pl a ufibl e conj e ctu re a t l e a i‘
t, a fce rta ine d one o f
Pl . lV. th e thre e tombs of bifhop s u nde r the fou th a rche s of the n a ve o f Sa il/17m) :
Fig. 1 . ca the dra l , to ROGER thi rd bilhop of th a t fe e a fte r its remov a l from She rborne
P. 893 . V l l l . b. 75.
Ord. V it. p. 901 . If we be lieve Robe rt of Glouccll e r, the King ha d re cou rfe to the a mufeme nt of the cha ce to
re lieve the dill re fs o f his mind for fa me qu a rre l be twe e n his be love d da ughte r Ma ud a nd he r fe cond hu(b a nd Ge lf re y e a rl
of Anjou.The ltyng hyre fa de r wa s o ld ma n a nd drou to fe ble ire
And the a ngul e of his doght bym dyde more de ll rclf e ,And a lre lde hymwe l the mo re , to yt fe ble he wa s .So yt he we nde a n bonte tli a d ay to a bbe fola s ."
C eme tic. p . 309.
Ibi nocl u a pcrito na rnifice in a rcli iprz fu lis concla vi pingue ca dave r a pe rtum e fl,‘
e t ha lf-m0 fu a ve o le nti oonditum.e ll .
Inte flina ve ro eius Erin e nrrudis a d villa m in v a fc de la ta funt. Ord. V it . 901.The he a rt
, tongue , a nd bowe ls o f this p rince we re burie d be fore the high a lta r a t tha t time (fo r it ha s be e n fince re 4
move d) o f the priory of Bonne s Nouve lle s , or de Prce z , a t Roue n. (De fc. dc ha u l . Norm. 11.
Kyng He nry bra yn a nd go tte s a nd eye n ybure d we reAt Re ynys in Norma ndye , a nd (tube the bone s lie he re ,We l yie ld a t yfode to the a bbe ye of Re dyl g,And ybure de ys the re va yre yuon, a s ve l to a n kyng.
Rob. o f Gloc . p . 4 46. Hove de n, a .‘
Co rpus cul te l lis circumqu a que dilTe ca tum a : l i e multo fa le a fpe rfum co ri is .ta urinis re conditum e ll confu tum,
ca u l’
a ftr l oris e v ita ndi, qu i mu l tus a t infinitu s ja m c ircumfla nte s inficie ba t, nude 111 ipfe qu i ma gno pre tio conduftus fe curi
c a pu t e iu s diffide ra t u t fe tidiflimum ce re brum e x rra he re t, qu a mvis linte aminibus ca pu t foum obvol vifl'
e t mortuus tamcne a c a ufa pre tio m a le ga vifus e ll hie ultimus e multis qi fos re x H e n ricu s occidit. lude ve ro cmpus re gium C a domuutfui dcpo rra ve runt, ubi sl um diu .in e ccle fia po fi tum in qua p a te r e ius fe p ul tus e ra t, qua mvis multo (a l e re p le tum e lle tmultis coriis re conditum ta me n co n t inu e e x corpo re n ige r humo r At ho rribil is coria pe rtra nliens de cumzba t, at va li s fubpoii t i s fub fe re tro fufce ptus a miuiflris horro re fa tife e ntibus a bjicicba tur.
l tin . Cu r. I . 11359. Archx ol . VI. p . 63 .
( a id fo r two d a y s He a dds , W i l l i a m Lonn ord, fun of H e nry II. d ie d'
1 2 26, a nd i s bu rie d in Sa lifbu ry ca the dra l] H is fon Nicho l a s, bilhop o f S a l if
bu ry d ie d 1 2 96 a nd is bu rie d ne a r his fa th e r, fa ys Godwin, a t the e n t ra nce
o f St . M a ry’s ch a p e l, u nde r a l a rge ma rble tomb, a dorn e d with-
bra fs p l a te s, a nd
with the a rms o f his fa m i l y.No thing g ive s me gre a te r p l e a fu re th a n to h a ve th e be lt founde d op in ion s
con tro ve rte d in pu rfu it o f t ru th ; bu t though I offe r min e on l y a s a p l a u fible
conj e ctu re , a nd pro fe fs myfe lf a t a‘.ofs a s to the me a n ing of the word} in qu e f
t ion , I ca nno t a dop t the propo fe d re a ding for the fo l lowing re a fons. The re a re
not mo re noble p e rfona ge s bu ri e d in Sa l ifbu ry th a n in ou r o th e r ca th e dra l s, a nd
t he re a re no roy a l one s . The re a re no t nowa ny figu re s o f ki ngs on the fcre e n
of the cho i r, on l y twe l ve a rche s flop t u p ; a nd i t fcems a ve ry force d a l lufion to
re fe r to foch (ta tu e s , which , l ik e the po rtra i ts in windows, a re fre qu e n t l y thein ve n t ion o f the a rti lt , a nd not hiftorica l memo ri a ls, much l e fs fe pu lchra l mo
nume nts . The re fe re nce mu tt h a ve be e n to figu re s e re cte d, or pe rfons bu rie d inthe o ld ca the d ra l for th a t the monume n t i s o f th a t ze ra mu ll be a dmi tted fromLe la nd’ s te fiimony, to wh iche ve r o f the bifhops o f Old S a rum we re fe r it, a nd i tdoe s not a p pe a r th a t a ny roya l bod i e s l a y in th a t chu rch , though th e monu
me nts o f Longe fpe e a nd the o th e r e a rl o f Sa l ifbu ry might be brought fromt he nce . B i lhop Longe fpe e
’
s tomb, d rip t o f i ts bra fi’
e s, rema ins to thi s d a y inthe p l a ce a fligned i t by Godwin, a nd we ca nno t fuppo fe the re fe re nce re a che d
from the n a ve th ithe r.
The re i s a {triking con formity be twe e n the figu re of th is bifhop a nd th a t o f
Le odega ire on a ba s~ re l i e f inMontfa ucon ’
s Monume ns, I . p l . XXX I . p . 3 4 8 1 The
l a tte r l i ve d in the midd le of the fe ve nth ce n tu ry. The monume n t a t Sa lifbu ry i s o fblu e fp e ckl e d ma rble ,wi th the figu re h a bite d in pontifica /ibm, hi s r ight h a nd li fte d
u p to gi ve the ble fli ng, h is le ft ho ld ing the crone r. The infcription i s cu t on the
p e rp e ndi cu l a r e dge or fide a l l round in l a rge ca p i ta ls, a nd con tinu e d on the fron to f the robe . The le tte rs a re o f a formwhich a pp e a rs to h a ve be e n in u fe a mongthe Roma n s . On a n a l t a r d e d ica te d to Me rcu ry, found a tMiddl e by in Scotl a nd,a nd whofe re ra i s by ba ron Cle rk fixe d to the re ign of Ju l i a n, we fe e fe ve r a l
l e tte rs inclu de d in l a rge r on e s . Bu t th e y a re more common in the Go th ic a ge s,a s h a s be e n (h ewn be fo re on the a rticl e of le tt e rs ufe d in e p i t a phs a mong u s .
Non e o f the a n t ie n t hifioria ns who me nt ion the d e a th of bi(hop Roge r te l l
u s whe re h e wa s bu ri e d . Dr. Richa rdfon fa y s he wa s bu ri e d in his ownchurch . Brown e W i l l i s, in his fhort a ccoun t of the chu rch a t the e nd o f h isMitre d Abbie s, on l y fa ys he wa s removed hi th e r ; bu t n e ithe r of the fe write rs
p roduce th e i r a u tho ri t ie s . Mr.Pri ce fa ys, h e wa s p l a ce d in the wa l l of the north a i leo f the pre fe nt chu rch, in a n a rch ma de for the pu rpofe , by tra dit ion . The tomb{h ewn for his by the ve rge rs is th a t in the no rth wa ll of the p re fbyte ry, which
Pl . IV . I think be longs to bi lhop Mortiva l, who die d 1 3 919, or pe rha p s to fome inte rf . 5 . me d ia te p re l a te .
If i t be obj e cte d, th a t th e th re e old monume n ts of bifhops now in the n a ve ,a dde d to Ofmu nd’
s in the La dy-ch a pe l, ma k e more th a nWe nd a e x pre fs ly fa y swe re brought from Old S a turn , a nd th a t the re fore one o f them mu ll: be gi ve n to(ome p re l a te of the newfe e ; I fubmit to a ny impa rt i a l cr itic in the fe m a tte rs,whe the r a ny o f them fu i t wi th th e ite o f th e 1 3 th ce n tu ry .
I fore fe e bu t one more pe rfon towhom th is monume n t ma y fu it, a nd th a t is
i a nd, who wa s of No rma n e x trafiion, e nobl e d a nd inve lte d wi th the fame
A . 1309. 16 k a l .Feb. Inunda tio a qua rum qu a l is non vifn fu it mul til a nnit a nte a . Ita quod in e e cle fia t a the dra liS a ru rn a qu a illa
.
re gum pede s qu i a d onium chori occide nta le a fla nt a ttinge bnt : unde pe r duo. die s non ca nta ba turmitra in e a de m. Contin ua tio Trive ti , e d. H a ll. 1 71 3 . p. 7.
Trive ti Ann. Note on his life in Godwin.
7
[ a s ]
h igh office , a nd honou re d wi th his confide nce , by W i l l i am I . a s Roge r wa s byH e n ry I . bu t -if i t ca n be re nde re d p roba ble th a t the monks o f Sa l iibury, wh e n"
th e y p l a ce d hi s rem a in s in the L a dy ch a pe l, threw th i s ve n e r a ble tomb into then a ve , or if i t ca n be p rove d t h a t i t wa s the p ra ctice thu s to fe p a ra te the co rp s
a nd the monume n t, I confe nt to th is tra n sfe r, a nd a dmi t, th a t a s L a dy ch a p e l s
a re of l a te r d a te , the corp s might be a fte rwa rds move d in to i t, a nd th a t the
Ptone nowth e re is a ba re memoria l e re cte d a fte r the difi'
olu tion bu t fiil l I th ink,h e wou ld h a ve be e n lodge d origina l l y in a -mo re diflingu ifh e d p l a ce .
The o th e r a n t ie n t u na lfign e d tomb in the n a ve i s e ngra ve d p l . IV . f. 4 . I tma y
be long to bi'lh op H e rma n or joce lt
'
ne .
I
ROB'ERT e a rl o f GLOUCESTER, n a tu ra l (on of'
He nry I . who die d 1 1 4 7, wa s 1 1 4 7 .
bu r ie d in the midd le o f the cho i r o f St . jame s’s chu rch, B ri/Iol,“ in a fe pu lche r
o f gre y ma rble fe t u pon fix p i l la rs o f a fma l l he ight In h is tombwa sfound a writing con t a ining the t ime o f h is de a th a nd wh a t he wa s, which a
brewe r in Bri ftol ha d 3.
G I LBERT DE CLARE e a ii of PEMBROKE, who die d 1 1 4 8, 1 4 Ste phe n, wa s ”
bu rie d in l nte rn a bbe y, Gl a morga n lh ire , wh ich his bro the r W a lte r h a d firit
fou nde d . Whe n th e l a t e duk e of Be a u fo rt h a d the fe i te of th is fine chu rch
c le a re d, to be pre fe rve d in a ma nne r wo rth y himfe l f a nd i t, the y fou nd a figu reof a kn ight in fre e
-(ton e , in’
comp le te ma i l h i s r ight h a nd 4 crofl'
es h is bre a ft toh is fhie ld,wh ich is on h is le ft a rm a da gge r in h is be l t, a nd e nci rcl ing a rou nd h is
fl a t round h e lme t ; his croffe d le gs, with the dog or l ion a t his fe e t, we re broke nofi", a nd ke p t in p r iv a te h a nds. Th e tomb a pp e a rs to h a ve
“
be e n v e ry l i tt ler a ife d from th e floo r, a nd to h a ve be e n div ide d in to two comp a rtme n ts le ngth
wife , wi thou t a dm i tt ing a fig ure on e i th e r h a nd . A be a u t ifu l mou lding o f
flowe rs a nd le a ve s ru ns round i t . B e ing op e ne d a t the t ime o f i ts d ifcove ry, i t
wa s found to con t a in the bone s of mo re th a n two p e rfons. The t ra dit ion of
the p l a ce a fcribe s th i s to Strongbow, fon o f Gilbe rt, Conqu e ro r of Ire l a nd. Bu t
h e i s e x pre fsly fa id by Le l a nd5, to h a ve be e n buri e d 1 1 76, in the Ch a p te r-hou fe
a t Glou ce fi e r, with th is infcrip tion ;
H icja tét Rica rdu: Strongbowfilim Gilbe rti comiti; dcPembroke .
Above biIhOp Me lun’s monume n t a t H e reford is a fimil a r one for bifhop n 4 8 .
BETUNE. Ove r i t,
D’
nus Robe rtu s de B e tun e pu s H e re forde nfis.
In th e fimp/e chu rch , London , i s the figu re of G a or a a r DEMAGNAV ILLE, firfl:
e a r l o f Es s e x , fo cre a te d by Ste phe n, A . D . 1 1 4 8 . H e i s re pre fe nte d in ma ilwith a fu rcna t, a nd rou nd h e lme t fl a tte d on the top, the nofe -p ie ce of wh ichv e ry much re fembl e s th a t wo rn by R a ou l de Be a umon t, who l i ve d 1 2 t o , in Mon tfa u con
6, who ca l ls i t a ba r of i ron to de fe n d th e h ofe from fwords . H is h e a d
re'
li s on a cu lh ion p la ce d loze nge fa lhion, his right h a nd on h is bre a lt, a longfword a t h is right fide , a nd on h is le ft a rm a long poin te d Ihie ld, ch a rge d with
Dugd. I. 53 5. fay a gre e n ja fpe r (l a ne , fromLe l . It . 6 Le l. It. 7. 68 . b. lb.
Mr. Gmfe fayi , hi s right ha nd, which'
i s (h ewn , ha s five finge rs a nd a thumb; a pe culia ritywhich I confe ft e fca pe dme , whe n I vi ewcd i t 176 1 : nor doe l
'
i t a ppe a r in the drawing (em to the compi le r of the Antiqua ria n Re pe rtory, v. I.p . 1 1 1 . I a m the re fore a lmo ll tempte d to q pe ét my good frie nd wa s mill e d by a figure of a bra fs ha nd gra fp in g a (pe a r
e ight fe e t long, cu t in (lone ove r the door of a ne ighbourin g co tta ge , forme rly ta ke n from a nothe r tomb in this church, inwhichwa s found a body in tire , with le a the r built ine a nd buttons on the coa t
,which a l l crumble d away on touchin g.
The re '
11 fome thing in this l a n ca rv ing like the hilt o f a fword, which ma y be mili a ke n for the fix thfinge r.l b. IV . | 71 . Monume ns Il . Pl.XIV. 7. p “ 3.
[ 2 4 ]
a n e fca rbou cl e on a d i a pe re d he ld. The chron icl e"
o f VVa lde ni-abbe y'
which hefou nde d, fa ys, a ft e r h is cr
’
e a t ion he a ugme nte d h is fa m i ly a rms, which we requ a rte rl y A . a nd G . wi th a n dca rbouc/e
‘
: pry/[qu a m gla dio t omi ti: .a ccinfim em :
a rma prog em'
torum cumCa rbuncu/o nobilinwi t. Thi s i s the f uit infta nce o f a rmson a fe p u lcl i ra l figu re _
among u s . The y obt a in e d in Fr a n ce _4 0 y e a rs be fore .
Th is nobl e e a rl, dri ve n to de fpa ir by the confifca tion of. hi s efia te s by kingSte phe n, indu lge d in e ve ry a ct o f v io l e nce , a nd ma k ing a n a tt a ck on the ca ftle of
Bu rwe l l, re ce ive d h is de a th's wo und, a nd wa s Ca rrie d off by the Temp l a rs, who,
a s h e di ed'
u nd e r fe nte ii ce o f e x commu n ica t ion, de cl ine d gi ving him Chri(tia n
buri a l , bu t wr a pp ing h is body u p in l e a d (ca n al /i inc/ufum plumbe o) hung i t ona crooke d t re e (Iowa a rbore) in th e orch a rd of the Qld Temp l e , Londp n . W ill i am, p rior o f W a lde n, h a ving obt a ine d a bfo lu tion for -h i ln -of the pop e , ma dea pp li ca t ion forthis body, in orde r
'
to bu ry i t a t W a lde n ;. uponwhich t he Templ a rs took i t down , , a nd de po li te d i t in a me a n ma
‘
nne r, fin the ceme te ry of theNewTemp le Th e y p roba bl y a fte rwa rds ga ve himmore honou ra ble fe p u ltu r
‘
e
in the porch be fo re the we ll door of the chu rch 3. Se e p l . V . fig. I .
” 5 0ROBERT C H i CHESTLR
‘
bi lh op of Ex e te r, who .die d W a s bu rie d on the
fou th fide o f the high a lt a r o f h is chu rch 4. Godwin 5 a fcribe s to him a
‘
tomb o f a
hi ll top , con tig uou s to wh ic h, a nd oppo l i te to th e doo r le a d ing to the’ bifli op
’
s
p a l a ce , i s the monume nt o f a kn ight o f the fa me fami l y, .a s a pp e a rs by the a rms
on h is f hie ld . Le l a n d l a t te r tomb in the fou th'
a il e of the cho i r.
1 1 5 5 . A blu e done , wi th u n e ia l'
l e‘
tters, i n th e fou th a i le o‘
f Li'
n‘
coln cho i r, ma y be
th a t a lfign e d by W il l isdn his e p‘
la n t o H ENRY of HUNTINGDON,who is fuppofe d toh a ve die d a ft e r the ye a r I 1 5 0.
I 1 5 9 . M ARTIN a bbo t o f Pe l e rborougb, who d ie d 1 1 5 5 ,‘h a d a . monume nt
.
in the
cloiite r th e re ,with h is figu re ho lding a crofie r a nd book , t re a d ing on a doubl e dra
go‘
n , Who bite s the p il l a rs o f the flowe re d a rch of h is ca n op y. Se e Pl . I I I . fig. 2 .
I t is nowin the fo uth a i le of the c a the dra l.
\VAL1>EVUS, fe co nd a bbo t o fMa ilros ,who d ie d 1 1 5 9, l ie s on the fou th fide of
the high a lt a r the re , u nde ra tombof be a u ti fu l blu e m a rble,e ngra ve d
‘
in ‘
the frontifp ie ce to th is ce n tu ry, fig. 3 . H e wa s fon of Simon de St . Liz, a nd ca non i ze d byPop e Ale xa n de r l Il . H is body be i ng fou nd u nco rru p te d twe l ve ye a rs a ft e r h i sd e a th, th is pol i ll i e d ma rble wa s put ove r h im. The co ve r be ing ra ife d by on e of
th e l a y bre th re n , whe n th e y we re p re pa ring to l a y his fume fim W i l l i am the 7th
a bbot by his fide 1 2 06, 4 8 ye a rs a ft e r hi s de a th, the re iifu e d from the tomb a ne xt ra ordin a ry fra gra nce , a nd on a pp l y ing a ca ndle th e co rp swa s fe e n e n t ire , a nda l l the v e ftme nts we re fou nd a s fre lh a nd e n t ire a s a t firft 7. On ope n ing th istomb
'
a.third t ime ( i 2 4 0) the body wa s fou nd crumbl e d to du ll [ma ne r-a lum],
e xce p t a fe wfma ll bon e swh ich we re ca rri e d off by the a fli ita n ts8.
Mon . Ang. I . 4 4 8 . lb 4 50. Ih 44 8 . Thi1 i s th e circu la r p a rt o f the church in whieh his figure nowl ie l .So hilltop Lyttle ton, in his obfe rva tions on the ca the dra l of Exe te r, MS. pe n. Soc. Ant . P. 403 .
°It Il l . 30.
Eo rd iin Sco tichr. viii. c. 66. Hoe a n no , qui e ll qu a dra ge iimuu 001m u d e oe fl'
ii St i. Wa lthe vi,MCWIIIC‘TI’IUI a bba t
fcptimi i s po ll e ilmmoritur, a u t j uxta corpus ejus tumulnre tur provifum e ll , ta mqu am a lte rWa l th e vu s vitz fa nfiita te .C umve ro cx me n ta r’ii tumu lum ( a nti vi ri in loco pre fa to a d de x tra m ejut conde re nt, incita ntibue quibufda m mon a chis,fra te r Robe rt u s l a tomits im'i tu. qu a fiht va lde formido lofi u ope rculumma
'
i’mo re um tumba e Sti .W a lthe vi p a ii l iilum'
fuble
v a ba r, 81 e cce fu a v illimi odoris fra gra ntia e va por a iu i llins fe iufundit na ribu t t e flmonume ntu m rt ple tum fuifl’
e t a romat ibu .s Et qu ia noétis cre pufcu lu-
m a dcra t a cce n fa ca nde lu pe r npe rmmm in tromifl'
a idem {ra te r a c ce te ri circumfia n te s
” ( fol-
Plum b corpus fa nftum'
i nte grum, 6: omnia cjut indume nta incorrupta cum inte grita te 8: ve nu ll a tc pri ll in n re periti n i , fe ll. {e x mona chi a t totidem co nve rli , qui pin 1c de vo te in dag
'
ine {e d prz t'
umptuofa domicll lum il lud virtu tuin
virgin it a i i; ba lfamo de libutum confpe n runt.‘ Chron. Ma ilros , p. 3 05.
GERVA SE
"t a s l
GERVA'SE DB BLq rs, na tura l fon o f k ing Ste phen, a nd a bbo t of , We ftminfle r, r 1
iva s_
de po fe d, a nd bu ri e d 1 1 60, a cco rd ing to Fle te, u nde r a l i tt le p l a in bl a ck
in a rbl e fla b, in the fou th cloifie r, a t the fe e t o f a bbo t H ume z (not u nde r th e
gre a t fmooth one , common ly ca l le d Long Meg of We/lmin/Ie r, which Ke e p mlfta ke s for it a nd h a d th is e p i t a ph
De re gum ge n e re p a t e r h ic Ge rv a ii u s e coeMonfl ra t de functu s mors ra p it omne ge n u s .
Th e beginn ing of which re femble s bi (h op Roge r’s a t S a
'
mm. M a t thewPa ri sf a y s h e wa s cl a r ior ge ne re qu a m mor ibuf , a nd ch a rge s him wi th mi f- fp e ndingthe re ve nu e s o f h is chu rch . Mr. Widmore a f figns th e middle mo lt of the thre e{tone s nowin the cloiit e r to him bu t D a rt de n ie s i t . S a ndfo rd gi ve s the e p i t a phin th e Goth ic ca p it a l s
3.
in'
the fou th wa l l o f Trinity,'o r B e cke t’s, ch a p e l , a t Ca nte rbury, oppo l i te the
U
tor of the Bl a ck Prince , we fe e o n e o f a fingu l a r fo rm, fo u n l ik e a l l the
monume n t s fi nce th e Conqu e fi th a t I h a ve me t wi th the de fcriptions o f, th a tI ( hou ld look on i t a s a p i e ce o f S a xon a n tiqu it y ra the r th a n Norma n : p e r
h a p s brought h ith e r to be pre fe rve d a s fuch a fte r th is ch a p e l wa s bu i l t . I twa s de figne d to fta nd clofe to a wa l l , bu t i s not fo h e re . I t i s {h ewn a s the
tomb o f a rchbi ih Op THEO B A LD [who di e d 1 bu t the re i s ve ry l itt le re a
fo n to th ink i t fo .
‘
I t h a s be e n conj e ctu re d to be th a t o f St . An fe lm ; bu t o f
th is th e re i s no p roba bi l i t y . H is rema in s we re de po l ite d in the old ch a p e l a t
firft de d ica t e d to St . Pe te r a nd St . P a u l, bu t from h is be ing e n tombe d th e rec a l le d St , An fe lm’
s ch a p e l to thi s da y. This ch a p e l e fca pe d the fi re , a nd h e rei t i s p roba ble h i s bon e s re li e d t i l l the de mo l it ion of Be ck e t’s fbi-in e , whe n i t ismu ch more re a fon a bl e to be l ie ve his rema in s lh a re d the fame fa te , th a n th a t'
the commifli on e rs for de firoying a l l rema i n s o f fupe rftition he re wou ld re
mo v e h is bone s from the ch a p e l whe re th e y h a d be e n worlh ippe d to‘
a morehonou r a ble p l a ce . St. An fe lm be ing a n a tive of Pie dmon t, in k ing Ge orgeth e S e con d’s re ign the k ing o f S a rd in i a de fire d to h a ve h is rema in s fe n t ov e rto h im, a nd h is a mba fi
'
a dor h a d fucce e de d fo fa r a s to obt a in l e a v e a nd
a u thorit y to h a ve a fe a rch m a de for the p u rpofe . A p e rfon commiil i one d to
m a k e th is fe a rch a pp l i e d to a membe r o f th i s ca th e d r a l, whom he thought
be lt a ble to a fli ft in his e nqu i ry, a nd in fo rm him wh e the r th i s tomb mightn ot p roba bl y co n t a in the re ma in s o f th a t p re l a te ; bu t wa s fo fu l l y conv ince d
by himth a t a l l fe a rch a fte r a ny fu ch re l ics wou ld be fru itl e fs , th a t th e monu
me n t wa s l e ft e n t ire , a nd the de fign l a id a fi de . The write r of t hi s a ccoun t
gi ve s th i s from h is own knowle dgeAfte r fu ch a u tho rit y a s i s h e re a dduce d i t wou l d be pre fumption in me to -fug
ge f’t a conje é
‘
tu re , th a t from the fo rm o f the monume n t, re fembl ing a lhrine ,
a nd the fou r h e a ds on i t in h igh re l ie f, two mit re d, one fhorn, a nd the fou rth
co've re d with a ca p , i t ma y h a ve be e n the de pofita ry of the re l iqu e s of fome pre
l a te who fi l le d th i s fe e in th e Sa xon t ime s . Godwin ? a dop ts the tra d i t ion th a t
gi ve s i t to The oba ld . Se p u ltu s fe rt u r (fa ys he ) a b a ufira l i p a rte fa ce l l i quodD . Thomae dicitur ; tumu lum v id imu s ma rmore um fa t is e l ega ntiu s fe re a d
te fl i forma mf afl tgia tum.
”
As i t m a y fcem a l it t le e xtr a ordin a ry th a t a rchbilhop BECKET h a d no o th e rtomb th a n h i s l hrine , I {h a l l beg l e a ve to tra n fcribe a l ittl e
”
more from Mr.
Co li l ing . In a MS o rde r o f ch a p te r a pprop ri a t ing the v a u lts to the p re be n
d a rie s a mong Mr . Somne r’
s col le ct ion s the firii p re be nda ry is to h a ve the Va u l t'
Da rt. ll . xiv. W idmore , p . 26. V it. Ab. St. Alb. P. 44;Gofliug
’
s C a nte rb. p . 308 , 3 69.5 P. 71.
c a l le d
[ 2 6 ]
c a l led Bybop B'
e cke t’
r fonlbunde r our La dy’s ch a pe l . Mr. Sumne r co rre cts this a l bfvé
o u r La dy’s ch a p e l . Mr . Go ltl ing obfe rve s , th a t the afl’
a flins thre a tning to re tu rn ,a nd ca ll his body ou t a p re y to bi rds a nd he a rt s, the monk s bu rie d h im p riva te l y
n e xt d a y, in the v a ul t unde r zbe e afi e nd of tbe cha r eb, a nd in a n ew/a rcop/J a gmo f ma rble . W ithou t fl opp ing to a ccou n t for thofe th re a ts, th is h a fi y bu ri a l,a nd t his n ewma rble tomb p rocu re d on a fudde n,Mr .Gofil ing conce i ve s he wa s l a idin a common gra ve . This gra ve he th inks wa s op e ne d in a rchde a con B a ttcl e y
’
s
t ime , who h a d a {tone in the u nde rcro ft t a k e n u p , u nde r which wa s fou nd a
gra v e , wit h no rema in s of corp s or cofli n, bu t a l l p e rfe ctl y c le a n , the e a rthh a vingproba bl y be e n d ifpofe d o f, a s a n in v a lu a ble re l ic. Mr. Gofll ing go e s on toconj e ct u re th a t the c ircu l a r towe r a dde d to the c a ll e nd o f Trinl
'
ty cha p e l , a nd to
t h is d a y ca l le d B ecke t ? crown, wa s e re ct e d in honou r (if him, the grou nd roomd e figne d for a ch a pe l to be de d ica te d to him, a nd a n a l t a r to be p re p a re dt he re , for the re ce p t ion o f h is re l ics, whe n i t lhou ld be thought p rop e r toremove them th i th e r : th a t th i s lh ou ld be ca l le d the tomb o f St . Thoma s
, r a
t he r th a n h is ch a pe l , bywa y o f diltinctiori for o th e r chu rch e s m ight foon h a vech a p e l s or a l t a rs to him,
bu t hi s tomb Wa s on l y to be fou nd h e re : th a t th e re ;
fore th is pl a ce wa s ca l le d h is tomb e ve n wh e n i t wa s ca rry ing up, a nd com
munica te d i ts n ame to th e a djo in ing v a u l t, through wh ich wa s the wa y to it, a s
h is lh rine did th a t of the ma rt yr, to the who le chu rch no t long fifte r : th a to ve r thi s ch a p e l l hou l d be one o f ou r L a dy, p e rh a p s in a l lu fion to his h a v ingin vok e d h e r wi th hi s l a lt bre a th . Tha t the re wa s fu ch a ch a pe l in
'
th is towe ra ppe a rs from the p l a ce a nd dir
'
n e n l ions of a n a l ta r to be fe e d in the p a ve me n t,a nd from the (top s u p to i t,
“
a nd th a t i twa s de d ica te d to the Virgin Ma ry a ppe a rsfrom a figu re of he r ftil l in the windowov'
e r it. If i t be obj e cte d, th a t n o fign s
o f a tomb a ppe a r in the p l a ce wh ich Mr. Co li l ing propofe s to ca l l by th a t n a me ,h e a nfwe rs, th a t th e vota rie s be coming too nume rou s for th is cha p e l lo co nt a inthem,
the monks tra nfla te d the bod y to the mo re ca p a c iou s on e o f the Trin i t y,
wh e re th e (hrin e cou l d be fe e n on a l l fide s . Ge rva fe fa ys, B e ck e twa s bu r ie d ina l it t le ch a p e l a dde d a t the ou tfide o f the ci rcu l a r wa l l a t the e a ft e nd of the
chu rch,'
in wh ich he wa s p a rt icu l a rl y fond of p e rforming h is d e vot ions . An
a non ymou s corre fponde nt o f Mr. Go ll l ing’s h a s a lfo a ccou n te d for the de l a y of
tra nfia ting 3 6 ye a rs , from 1 1 8 4. to 1 2 2 0 , th a t t he mo nk s wa i te d t i l-l th e y h a da n a rchbi lh op fo z e a loufly a tta che d to th e i r inte re lts, a nd fo obfe qu iou s to the
Pop e , a s to co nfe nt to gi ve u p th e p rofit s of th is l hrine to them from th e fe e .
This a rchbi lh op th e y found in Ste ph e n L a ngton The ch a pe l a t th e ca ll e nd
Ca l l e d B e cke t’r crown wa s begun a bou t th i s t ime , bu t le ft u nfin ifh e d a t the dif
folu tion, t i l l a ci t i ze n o f C a n te rbu ry ga v e (f 1 00 , 1 7 4 8 , to comp le te a nd bringi t to it s pre fe nt figu re Era fmu s de fcribe s the lh rine a s a coffi n of wood cove ringa no the r of go ld (i . e . p l a t e d with go ld, or gi lde d me t a l)
3, a nd dr awn u p from
i t by pu l l ie s a nd rop e s. The (hrin e (fa ys Stow) wa s bu i lde d a bou t a ma n’ s
he ight, a l l o f (tone , the n u pwa rd of timbe r p l a in, with in wh ich wa s a chi tof i ron , con ta in ing th e bon e s o f Thoma s B e ck e t, fcu l l a nd a l l , wi th the wou n dof hi s de a th, a nd the p ie ce cu t ou t of h is fe nl l l a id in the fame wound 4
. The
t imbe r
Godwin (p . infinua ta , tha t the bodywa s not ta ke n out of the fubl fl mumm cryptwhe re it wa s firfl bufie d
t il l its tmnfla tion a nd e nlhn'
neme nt in the ca ll p a rt of the church.
Goflling, l b. 1 2 1 , t n
Sub ca pfa e x a uro purl ffimo fa bre fafl a a : Ia pidibu l pre tio li l innume ra bilibus , ma rga ritis n itc ntibus ve lut port :jcru fa lem, a : gemmil co ru fca ntib us orn a ta , a c e tia m impe ria li dia dema te corona ta . Syme on . 6.
He lh ou ld have adde d the point of SirWill ia mTra c i the fourth z fl'
a llin's fword, which broke o ff a ga inR the p ave
me nt, a fte r cutting of the top of his fcul lg’
fo tha t the bra in ca me ou t.
In thulke (re de the ve rthe fmot, yt the othe r a tlde e r ydo .
And the putut of is fue rd bre c in the ma rbre fion a too.
Z a t tha lke point a t C a nterbury the monckes l a te thwi leVor honor of the ho li ma n yt the rewithwa s ifmitc.
W ith thu lke flrok he fmo t a l of ye fcol le a t e ke the crouneTha
é
t the bra in cm 111 e brod in the p a uiment the r donne . (Robe rt of Glouc. p .
{ 2 8 3
1 ROB ERT F ITZ HARDYNG,who founde d the Aufiin Mona fle ry ‘a t B ri/Io/ a nt-i
'dle d
x 1 70, h a s on the fou th tide of the be a u t iful La dy ch a p e l in -th a t ca the dra l , u nde r
a canop y, a n a l t a r tomb, with h is figu re in comp le a t a rmour, a nd a l ion a t h is
fe e t, a nd th a t o f h is wife EVA by him. At the ir fe e t i s a (h ie ld, wi th.
the i r
a rms proje él ing from the wa l l , a nd a t the i r he a d a mode rn in fcrip tio n, p roba bl y
put up whe n the who le wa s rep a i re d, 1 74 2 .
r. HENRY DE Brie rs , broth e r to king Ste ph e n, who di e d bi ih op of W inoheflerI 1 7 r, wa s bu rie d be fo re th e h igh a lt a r o f hi s .chu rch . Some h a v e fu ppo fe dth is the chu rch o f Giugn i but on n ew p ay ing the cho i r a t W inche i
’ce r, a bout
2 5 ye a rs a go, the y_difc0ve re d, clofe on the r ight h a nd of Ru fu s’ s tomb
,a lrnoi’t
by the bi (h op’
s th ron e , ju il be low the fu rfa ce , a {ton e coffin,co nt a in ing a n e n
t i re fk e l e ton, which forne ima gine d the body o f C a nut e ; bu t o th e rs, more j u il l yth a t o f th i s pre l a te . It wa s wra p t in a brown a nd go ld ma nt le , with tra ce s of .
go ld round the t emp le s; a woode n crofs a bo u t two y a rds long a nd of the fil e
o f a common wa lk ing fl ick l a y by its fide,a nd a l a rge go ld ring with a
_fione
o f gre a t va lu e , wh ich wa s lodge d in the tre a fu ry.
6,F ive
’
y e a rs a fte r come s the l a ft o f the th ree a bbo t s of W e fiminfie r be fo reme n t ion e d, LAURENT i u s , whofe n a me i s nowcu t o ve r a n u nm itre d figu re , co n
ra ry to wh a t on e wou ld e x pe ét for th e ma n_who p rocu r‘e d thc mit re for thi s
hou fe . This figure fh ews a fimp le re l igiou s ; i t ne ver tha d a ny th ing a bba t i a l abou ti t,though Ke epe de fcribe s i t a s h a vingmi tre , ring, a nd p a flora l
-fla lf . Se e p l a t e I .Th e form o f the fion e i s u ncommon, a nd I do not re co l le éi a nothe r infla nce .
Mr. W idmore h a s a pp rop ria te d th is to Vi t a l i s ; Da rt ’, f rom the mitre , giv e s
the tomb in fcri bed Vita l i s to a l a te r a bbot (Hume z, l a nd ), bu t i t is mo(t l ike lyth a t hi s tomb was mifpl a c e d or brok e n a t the re bu ilding o f the chu rch by
H e n ry III. The e p ita ph pre fe rved a nd once , fa ys Mr. D a rt, cu t in the (tone le dgeo f i t, wa s a s foll ows
C l a udi tur hoc‘
tumu lo vir'
quond am c l a ru s in orbe ,Quo prze cl a ru s e r a t hic locu s, e ll , 8c crit.
Pro me riti s vit ae ded i t il l a l a u re a nomen,De tu r ci vita la u re a p ro me ri tis .
“ 73 ,R ICH ARD DE LUC IE, chie f juttice o f Engl a nd , who firft p l a nne d the J l l fllCe S
o f a fli z e thro ughou t _the re a lm,
wa s b urie d I I 7 8 , in the a bbe y o f Lg/ne } , whichh e f ou nde d r 1 7 7 . In W e e ve r’ s t ime (ome workme n d igging for {ton e s on the
(i te o f the chu rch, found fe v e ra l (l one colfihs, a nd a h a ndbme fre efion e e ffigyo f a n a rme d knight, hi s fword ha nging a t hi s fid e in a bro a d be lt, e n
'
Which
we re e ngra ve d many fie urs d e -lis 4, l yi ng on , a fia t ma rble ,wh ich la y a s a l id to a
tomb of wh ite fmooth hewn a thl e r (tone , in wh ich wra p t i n a fhe e t of l e a d
l a y h is dr y body,who le a nd u ndi sjo inte d, h a ving on its he a d fomcthing l ik e ha irfiS ir john Hipp ifle y, the own e r, cove re d i t u p , a nd p l a n te d on it a ba y t re e , flou
rifhing 1 7 5 3 . H is (on Ge ofiry, bifhop o f W inche fie r who d ie d 1 204 , wa s a lfobu r ie d he re ,_ be ing a bene fa ctor.
Archbifla op ‘
RoGERTS is the oldefi.monume nt in th e ca the dr a l a t Qféz’k. J r i s
wrought in th e no rthwa ll of the n a ve , u nde r a fut-bagpr e l l ip tica l a rch, furrou nd
e d by a fa fci a of ve ryru de oa k l e a ve s, .proje éting. in the m iddle , with a n a nge l or
P. 190. P. 29. I II. x ix . but p. x i he a cknowledge s bio miil 'a lre .We eve r fuppofe d the fle u rs de lis a re bus of the n a me of Lucy ; bu t bofide l tha t this wou ld be fo unde d o nl y on the
ru pt ion o fflow e r 11: l a te , this orname nt is not u nfre que nt on be lts a nd in thc dia p e ring of fh ie lds .
They found o the r fuch fl ame s of me n a nd one of a woma n,with ma ny grave -ll one s a nd bone s . We cv. 777.
M elon Arch. 1. 47. Ha il e d. I .ma .
[ so ]
His e p i ta ph infcribe d on his tomb i s thu s gi ve n by Ma tth ewP a ri s, the th i rd
l in e a l lud ing to a common fa ying of his, th a t th e whole wo rld wa s not fu fficie ntfor a gre a t p rince a nd the h it to the dying words o f S e ve ru s to his urnThou wi l t ho ld the ma n whom the who le wo rld co u ld not con t a in
Re x He nricu s e r a m, m ih i p lu rima re gna fube gi,‘Mu ltipl iciqu e modo, dq u e come fque fu i.
Cu i fa t i s a d votum non cife nt omni a te rrzeCl ima ta te rra modo fu fficit p e dum.
Qu i leg i s hae c'
p e n fa difcrimina mort is , 8 : in me
H uma na e fp e cu lum condition is h a be .
Suffici t h ic tumu lu s cui .non fu ffice r a t o rbi s.
At th e co rn e rs o f the tomb th e a bbe fs pl a ce d two mo‘
d e r’
n kne e l ing fia tu e s o f
white ma rble , of joa n qu e e n of S ici l y, thi rd a nd'
you nge lt d a ughte r of H e n ry 11.who die d 1 1 95 , a nd of h e r fon by he r fe cond hu (ba n d R a ymond, e a rl of Tou
lou fe who both h a d tombs a nd figu re s in th is chu rch3.
1 1 8 9 , On the north wa l l of the Pre ibyte ry a t Wind/flie r i s th is Infcription for bi
fhop To cu v r:
Prze fu l is e gre gi i p a u fa nt hie membr a Rica r diTocl ive , cu i fummi ga u d i a (unto pol i .
Obi i t Anno 1 1 8 9 .4
1 1 9 1 . In the fou th wa ll of the fou th tra nfe pt a t Ex e l e r i s a n a lta r tomb, withqu a tre fo i l s a t th e fide s a nd e nd s, a nd a bl a ck ma rble fl a b, the bra fs gone . This
i s the p l a ce a ifign e ‘
d byLe l a n d 5 to bit p JOHN . If th i s me a n s j ohn -who wa s
p romo te d from the ch a nte rih ip of th i s chu rch I 1 8 6, a nd“
d i e d I 1 9 1 , I doubt a
monume nt a do rn e d wi th bra li'
e s doe s not fu it .this e a rl y p e riod . N0 o th e r bifhopo f th is n a me wa s be fore L e l a n d’s t ime burie d h e re .
1 1 97 . The he a rt o f W I L L I AM LONGCH AMP , fou rth bifhop of Ely, who di e d 1 1 97 ,a nd wa s bu rie d a broa d, wa s de po l i te d in a l it t le ma rble tomb ne a r the a lta r
‘
of
St . Ma rt in i n his ca the dra l “. H e ga ine d the confide nce of R ich a rd 'I.‘ who
p romo te d him to the highe t’
t dign iti e s in the Ra te .
1 I QS Unde r a n a rch on th e north-we lt fi de o f the cho i r a t [Vorcefie r i s a de fa ce d mo
h ume nt of a bifli op , l y ing on a double cu lh ion , a nd a t h is fe e t two l ion s . JOHNDE CONSTANTI IS , who d ie d 1 wa s
-bu rie d on the no rth fide of the a lta r , in
o r n e a r th is fpot . Gifford, in the n e xt ce htu ry, e re cte d h imfe lf a h a ndfome tombi n the fa me p l a ce ,jux ta ma gnum a lta re a
-de x tr a pq rz e , fa ys his-wi l l ;bu t by o rde r
o f the a rchbifhop of C a nte rbu ry , J a nu a ry, 1 3 02, John’s rema in s we re re p l a ce d
h e re , a nd Giffo rdwa s e n tombe d o n the oppol i te fide of the a l ta r 7.
1 1 9 8 . In th e fou t h’
wa l l of Little ’Dunmowchu rch , Eife x , i s a n a l ta r tomb of a l a ba fte r,with the figu re s of a kn ight in a rmou r, h is h e lme t unde r h i s h e a d
3
, h is h a i r cu tround ; his fe e t wi th th e l ion a t them broke n of . His l a dy ha s the mi t re dhe a d-dre fs richly flowe re d, a rich fioma che r a nd ne ckla ce ; a nd a t he r fe e t,which a re wra p t in he r robe , two dogs . On th e north fide o f the tomb a re
(Lua ni am fe pc vive ns dix e ra t, unive rfamq em uni non futhccre pro voto prin'
cipis, infcriptio il lius tumuli ta l i l fuit.Dio , lxxvi. 869. S a ndfo rd a dds a n 8 th lin e ,
Re s brevin e ll e mp l a cui fuit a mpla bre vis.Godwin , a l 7. Wa rton, ro z .
It . 111. 3 1 . Ri e ha rdfon on Godw. p . 1 54 . e x MS. Ba rlow. Be nthnm'i Ely, p. a re e n, p 71 .
Q. i f no t the fit“inflame of the he lme t unde r the he a d.
fhi e ld s,
t 31.
fhie lds, a l te rn a te ly p e nd a nt a nd h e l d by fa Va ge s ; Fitzwa lte r (ingle and impa l ingV a i re O . a nd Az , or G . a nd A . B a l m”, or
_Bobun qu a rt e ring Az . a n in e fcoche od
G . on a ch e vron _ 3 _e il oil e s
‘S . fingle . a nd imp a l ing B obun . A Fit zwa lte r fh ie ldI . re fcu e d from the he a d o f a gra ve in the chu rch- y a rd . The whole monume n t
h a s fude re d by re mo ving from be fo re the .h igh a lta r, wh e n th e ch a nce l wa s ( l e l
mol ifh e d a t the d iffo l u tion . I t i s a fcribe d to W ALTER Ftr z gvALTER,who di e d1 1 98 , 1 o R . I . a nd h is fe cond wife MATI LDA BDHUN .
H is gra nda ughte rMATI LDA , who i s fa id to h a ve be e n poifon e'
d by lu ng johria bou t the be ginn ing of th e n e xt ce ntu ry for re fufing his fo l icita tions a nd a c
cord ing to the Chr on icl e o f Du nmow in the Mon a fticon wa s burie d interdud ; columpna : in cboro e x p a r te me ridtona z
’z, h a s now a monume nt ove ra ga in it
h im. H e r figu re o f a l a ba fte r ha s on i t s he a d a cov e ring l ike a woo l le n n ight
ca p , a co l l a r of SS . a n e ck l a ce o f pe nd a n ts, fa l l ing from a rich e mbro ide re d ne ck e r;
chi e f, a -rich gi rdle, he r fle e ve s clofe to he r writl, a n'
d fl i t the re ; H e r finge rs
fia ine d with a re d co lou r, wh ich th e y p re te nd re p re fe nts the e ff e ct o f the po ilon,
bu t more p roba bly re t a in ing t ra ce s o f origina l p a int ing, a re loa de d with rings,th e re be ing two on fome o f th em ; on
_h e r le ft l itt le finge r two toge the r, on the
th ird one , on the fe cond'
two fe p a ra te , on bo th thumbs one fqu a re , a nd on e on
the m iddle ," th ird , a nd l i tt l e finge rs of the ri ght h a nd . H e r fa ce i s round a nd
fu l l, bu t ra the r u nme a n ing. At h e r he a d two a nge ls, a t the fide o f he r fe e t
two dogs . This figu re wi th i ts fla b 15 nowl a id on a gre y a l ta r tomb, d e cora te d
wi th fh ie lds in qu a t re fo i l s p a tt e d by p a i rs of a rch e s, a nd e v ide nt l y of a moremode rn fiyl e . Though this fitu a tion a bove a ffign e d wi l l fu i t the pre fe nt cho i r;it mu tt be obfe rve
‘
d, th a t wh a t nowfe rve‘
s a s cho i1 is on l y the ca ll e nd o f the
fou th a i le , a l l the re ft be ing pu l le d down , (0 th a t the bodi e s to'
wh ich th e fe
tombs o rigin a l l y be longe d a re p roba bl y in ,the p lough e d fie ld th a t now
“
occup ie s
th e fite o f the cho i r.I a m inde bte d to the p e ncil ofmy ing
'
e n ious a nd l ame n te d fri e nd Mr: Tyfon’
for the drawings of the fe monum e n ts : Pl . VI; 1'
8: 2 , 8c Pl . VI I .
ANDREW, the th ird abbo t, in the fou th Wa ll of th e fou‘
th a il e of the’
choi r a t 1 1 991Pe te rborougb, h a s a rich Go thic ca nop y, a nd ho lds a book a nd a crofie r p ie rcing a
dragon a t h is fe e t.’
The fe thre e porphyry figu re s we re brought fromthreea rch e s o f the ch a p te r hou fe now rema ining in the (cu rb wa l l of the cloifte rs,
a nd o ve r them is writte n 011 the wa l l,
Hos t re s a bba te s, quorum e ft p rior a bba j'a ba nfl er,
Alt e r Ma rtin i/J , Andre a ; u l timu s, u nu s
H ic cl a udit tumu lu s pro cl a ufis e rgo rogemu s
The fe th re e , bu rie d in on e gra ve , we re john 1 8 th a bbo t, who die d i t a 5 ,M a rt in a c th, 1 1 5 5 , a nd Andrew 2 3d, 1 1 99
B e low th em l ie s a fou rth, unde r a n a rch in the wa l l, without a ny a n ima l .
In a ch a p e l in the fou th a i le i s a fifth a bbo t wi th book a nd crofie r, p ie rcinga doubl e -h e a de d dra gon . This figu re ,wh ich fe ems the olde f
’t o f th e five , h a s
“
not
be e n a ffign e d to a ny p a rt icu l a r a bbo t . See p l a te Il l :
In th e fou th a i le o f the cho ir a t H e reford bifh op v a n , th i rd fon o f‘ Aubre y 1“
1 994
d e Ve re , firft e a rl of Ox fo rd, who d ie d 1 1 99, h a s the fa me a rch a nd figu re a s hi s
p re de ce fl'
ors Clyv e , B e tune , Pa lm, a nd Me lun, with th i s infcrip tion,D
’
nu s Gu l ie lmu s l e Ve re Ep ifcopus H e re forde nfis.
Obi i t . A . 1 1 99.
And the a rms of Vere . Thi s tomb i s ra il ed 111.
Willis , 488. Gunton , 3 7.
Bifhop Godwin’
ju ftly obfe rve s, th a t th e fe fou r monume nt s, with th e figu re s‘
b’
n th em,ho lding crofie rs in the i r le ft h a nd, a nd hl e fli ng with the right, a re fo
e x a c‘i ly a l ike t h a t nothing but the p l a ce a nd ra nk diftingu ifh them.
1 1 99.
~
R i ot-111 111) I . who d i e d 1 1 99, a nd wa s bu ri e d a t the fe e t o f his fa th e r, h a d a
tomb a t Fonte v ra ud, wi th h is figu re in be a rd a nd whi fk e rs , roy a l l y robe d a nd
crown e d, h is ma n t le a do rn e d wi th flowe rs a nd lo ze nge s (nowa s we l l a s h is tun ic
p a inte d) a nd j ewe l s on his h a nds, which a re l a id on his bre a fi a nd be l l y This
figu re i s nowon the mode rn ma ufol e um. The fame king h a s a nothe r figu re on
the tomb, in wh ich h is h e a rt wa s inte rre d a t Rou e n . I t ha s no be a rd, a nd th e
Crown i s d iffe re n t ; h is r ight h a nd h a ngs down, h is le ft ho ld s a fce p tre , fu rmou nte d by a bouqu e t ; a fibu l a l ike th a t o f H e nry I I . bu t longe r, confine s h i srobe on the bre a ft ; a nd a long flu dde d be l t i s round his wa ifl H is bowe l swe re burie d a t Ch a lons ; Sa ndford 4 fa ys, in difgra ce o f the i r u ntha nk fu lne fs,
which if he me a n s i t a s a re fle xion on the bowe l s, i . e . th e king himfe l f,who be h a ve d fo v e ry u ngr a te fu l l y to h is fa th e r, th e pu n ifh me nt fhou ld h a vebe e n infliéte d on h is he a rt ; i f on the cit y o f Ch a lon s, i t fe ems none ; for bod ie s,h e a rts, a nd bowe l s, we re , a t th a t t ime of d a y, fre qu e n t l y bu rie d in difiia re nt
p l a ce s 5 .
Two woode n figu re s of crofs-legge d kn ights, unde r a rche s in th e north a i leo f Da nbury chu rch, Efi
'
e x , a re by Mr.Mora nt re fe rre d to fome of the ST. C LEREf ami l y, who h a d l a nds the re from the re ign of Ste ph e n to th a t o f Edwa rd I I,a nd p roba bl y fou nde d th i s a ile . The B a rrie r, to whom W e e ve r ’
, from th e
cu rre n t t r a dit ion o f th e p l a ce , a fcribe s them, we re not lords h e re t i l l the e nd of
the 1 s th ce n tu ry . The y a re e ngra ve d, Pl . VI I . 3 , 4 . from dr awings by Mr.Tyfon ,who mu ch a dmire d the e l e ga nce of th e i r workmanfh ip . Th e re is a gre a t refembl a nce be twe e n th em a nd the monume nt s in the Temp le chu rch .
In op e n ing a gra ve , Oétobe r or Novembe r, 1 7 79, n e a r th is fpot, wa s fou nda l e a de n coffin , in wh ich wa s e nclofe d a body, pre fe rve d in fome fort of l i qu o r.As fa r a s the l i qu o r cove re d it the body wa s we ll pre fe rv e d the h a n ds we re re
ma rk a bl y p e rfe ct, th e nofe de ca y e d . Th is difcove ry l e d Mr. Tyfon, who commu n ica te d i t to me , to conclu de with gre a t p roba bi li ty th a t the a bove figu re swe renot lids of coffin s.
P. 484 : Montf. II . “4. xv. 4 . Montf. II. l l 4 . x v. 5 .Se e his e p ita ph, Sa udf. 79. Hill . of Efl
'
e x , II . 30.
M .
W f J /fi .
C E‘NT. A l e .
tY e h e a ve n l y {pit-i t s , whofe a fhy c inde rs l ie
sUnde r d e e p ru ine s, wi th huge wa ll s oppre ft,
Bu t no t you r p ra ife , the wh ich {h a ll n e ve r d ie
Through‘you r fa i r ve rfe s, n e in a fh e s re fl
If Ef o ‘be fhril l ing vo ice of wight a l i ve
Ma y re a ch from he nce to de p th of d a rk e fi h e l l,
Th e n l e t the fe d e e p a byffcs op e n ri ve ,Th a t -
ye m a y u nde rfta nd my fhrie k ing ye ll .
Thrice h a ving fe e n, u nde r the he a ve n’s ve i l,You r tombs de vo te d comp a fs o ve r a l l ,
Thrice un to you with loud voice I a ppe a l ,.And for your a n t ique Fu ry he re do ca ll .
Str a us s -
n, Ruine s of Rome .
C E T U R Y XIII.
H E XIIl th Ce n tu ry fli ou ld op e n wi th St . HUGH the Bu rgu nd i a n , bifl‘
l op 1 2
o f Lincoln, who h a d a m a gn ifice n t { brine a nd filve r ch e ft, in to whichhis re l iqu e s we re tra n fl a te d by th e kings o f Engl a nd a nd Fra nce , 1 2 8 2 ,be h ind the high a lt a r o f his ca the dra l . On l y the tra ce s o f it rema in in the p a veme n t . It h a s be e n fucce e de d by a t a ble mon ume n t, e re él e d by bif hop Fu l l e r, betwe e n 1 667 a nd 1 67 5 with a n infcription , which ma y be fe e n in B rown e W i l l i s
‘
a cco un t of the ca the d ra l The monume n t or fhrin e common l y a fcribe d to him;a nd e ngra ve d by Dr. Stuk e le y wa s fuppofe d by, Mr . Le thie u l lie r to be th a t o fH ugb, a chi ld, crucifie d a nd ca non i ze d 4 0 H e n ry III. I fh a i l infe rt he re his a ccou nt‘
a t l a rge , in a le tte r to Mr. G a le , print e d in the Arch a eo logia , I . 2 6.
In look ing ove r the fe v e ra l monume nt s with in th e ca the dra l of Linco ln Itook p a rticti l a r not ice o f the poo r re ma in s o f o ne in the ifi e on the fo u th fide
the cho i r, which I re co l l e éte d the a u tho r of the l tine t'a rium C u rio fum h a dgi ve na d ra u ght o f a s e nt i re (withou t me n t ion ing fromwh e nce he h a d his a u tho rity ),a nd ca l le d i t the (hrine of St . H ugh the Bu rgu nd i a n , bifhop o f th i s fe e .
The flo ry o f th is bifhop i s we l l k nown . W e a re to ld, th a t in re ga rd to h isfa nétity he wa s ca rri e d to his gra ve on the fho u lde rs o f two k ings tha t h ewa s in te rre d a t th e e a fl e nd o f th is chu rch , wh ich h e h a d bu i l t, a nd ha d a
f hrin e e re tfl e d ove r h is gra ve , wh ich in the in ve nto ry o f the rich e s o f th i s
chu rch (a n origin a l of wh ich wa s fli e Wn me in th e ir a rchive s) is fa id to h a v ebe e n o f go ld, the ma rk s o f wh ich fiil l rema in in the p a veme n t a nd a ga in (t
th e p i l l a r3 whe re i t fl ood, a nd in its p l a ce , bifhop f u l le r, a gre a t re flore r o f
the a n t iqu it ie s of th is chu rch, p l a ce d a t a ble tomb, with a n infcrip tion on i tth a t h a s fre qu e nt l y be e n p ublif he d .
Now e l ie ve the re is no infl a nce o f th e fame fa int ha ving two fhrine sde dica te d to h im in the fa me chu rch , a nd from wha t I h a ve a bo ve fa id we ma y
the re fo re conclude , th a t the foreme n t ion e d fhrine in the fo u th a ifle ne ve rbe longe d to St . Hugh the bifhop ;bu t fome o the r fa in t mu ll be look e d for to h a l lowi t.
E 49 . It Cur. I . pl . n ix .
'
I 34 ]
This fa in t l .think I ma y v e n tu re to a ffirm wa s a ch ild n ame d H ugb, who
wa s crucifie d by the jews dwe l l ing in the c i ty, 4 0 He n ry III. a nd whofe
to rme n ts in the Chrifti a n ca u fe we re in the ze a l o f th a t a ge thought fu fficie nt
to me ri t ca no n i z a t ion . Bu t be fore I a ttemp t to p ro v e th a t thi s fhrine wa s
e re cte d to th is in fa n t fa in t i t fe ems n e ce ffa ry to p rodu ce fome e vide nce th a t
fuch a n one e ve r e x i lte d : fince M. R a p in'
,in his hiftory o f the re ign o f
Edwa rd l . fp e a k ing o f the ba n ifhme nt o f the j ews ou t o f Engl a n d by the fo llowing p a ffa ge ca l ls in qu e ll ion the ce rt a in t y of a ny fuch crime h a ving e v e r
be e n commi tt e d . As fo r the impu t a t ion, fa ys h e , of crucify ing, from t imeto t ime , Chrifl ia n childre n , on e m a y a lmo lt be fu re th a t i t wa s on l y a ca lumny inve nte d by th e i r e n emie s . B ut to omit a l l the re t a i le rs o f th is fl o ry,which a re ma n y, I re fe r you a t once to Ma t thewPa ris, a n hiftoria n of v e ra ci t ya nd cre d it, a nd who p roba bl y cou ld not be impofe d u pon in a fruit he wa s cont empora ry with , ir h a ppe n ing a bo ut five y e a rs be fo re h is de a th .
Th a t a u tho r h a s gi v e n u s the fl o ry in a ve ry fu l lm a nn e r, wh ich I { ha l l nott rouble yo u wi th re p e a t ing, bu t on l y obfe rve , th a t he te l l s u s the n a me o f
th e chi ld wa s H ugh , a nd th a t the ca nons of Linco ln p rocu re d his body, a ndbu rie d i t hono u r a bl y in the i r ca th e dra lM . P a ri s’s re l a t ion is fu l l y confirme d by the two re cords y ou fe n t me cop ie s
o f ; the o ne be ing a commifli on from the k ing to Simon Pa fi'
e l ewe a ndW i l l i a md e Le ighton to fe lze to the k ing
’s u fe domos qu a e fu e ru nt jud a e orum Linc.
fu fpe nforum pro pu e ro ibidem crucifix o,’
a nd the othe r a p a rdon to on e John
I {h a ll l a y be fo re the re a de r the origina l a ccount a t la rge .
Anno quoqu e fub e odem circa fe fl um a po ll o lorum Pe tri a t Pa uli Judc i Lincoln i: fura ti ftl nt unum pue rumHugone ni ncmiuc , ha be n l emm a te o fto a nnon. Et cum ipfum in quoda m conclavi fe cmtiffimo l a t’ l e 64 a l 1is pue rilibuua l i111cn tis nu trircnt , mife runt a d omne : fe re Angli z civi ta te s in quibus judz i de ge ba nt, convoca ve t un t de u n a qu a qnc
civita te a liquos judr orum, ut in contume liam opprobrium je fu Chri ll i inte re fl e n t fa crificio fuo Linco ln ir . Ha be ba nt
e nim, nt diccba n t, qu onda m pue rum a bfconditum a d crucifige ndum. Et conve ncrunt mu lti Linco lniz . Et conve nie nte scon ft itne rnnt unum judm tm Linco ln ie nfe m pro indice ta nqua m pro Pila te : cujuu indicio 51 omnium favo re a ffe fl ut e ll
pue r d ive rfis to rme ntis, ve rbe ra tus cfl rtf qu e a d cruo rc n1 8t livo rcm, fpinie comn a tus , Br fpu tis a ca chinnis l a ce lli tut . E1 infu
pe t' ac fingu lis punél us cu l te l lis qui dici tur Ant /a rt
'
s po t a tus fe lle , de rifus prob: is a.bl a fphe mrts , cre bro a b iifdem fre n~
de n tibu s jcfu s pfe udoprophe ta voca t us. Et pofl qua m dive rfimode il lu fe ra nt e i crucifix e runt l la nce a a d co r pupu .
ge run t . C um e x pira fl e t dcpofue r1tnt co rpus dc cruce , a n e fcitur qua ra tione e vifce ra runt corpufculum ; dicitur a u te mq uod a d ma gica s a rte s e x e rce nda s Ma te r a utem pue ti lilium fuum a bfe n tem pe r a liquot die t dil ige nte r qu e ft vit,diftumqu e c i a v ic in is quod ultimo vide ron t pnemm qu emqur t‘ivit lude ntemcum pue ris judz orum (ibi co z t a ne is 111 domum
judtz i cujufda m inrra nrem. In tra vit igitu r mulie r fuhi to dumum il la m, a.vidit corpus pne ri in quonda m ph l e um p rn ci
pit a rum. E1 ca u te convoca t is civit a t is ba l l ivis im'c n l um e ll corpus e x tra ftum. Et fa él um e ll mira bile fpe él a cu lumin populo . 1\ l nl ie r a ute mma te r pue ri qucru la at c la mofa omn e : c ive s in 11 110 conve nie nte s a d l a chryma s fufpiri a pro
voca vi t . Era t a u tt m ibidem dominus joha nne s de Le x intona , v ir qu idem circumfpe él u s St difcre tu 1 , inf11pe r e le ga nte r liter a tus , qui a it, a udivi tn us qnnndoque quod t a li a Jud a -i in opprobrium je fu Chrifli domini nofl ri crucifix i non fttnt ve riti
a t te mpta rc. Et ca p to nno Jndrz o in c11j11s domum fci lice t in tra v it pu e r ludem, 61 ide o a liis fufpe fl iore , a i t i lli, Mife r, ne fcilquod 1c r'e liions ma ne r inte ritu s .’ '
I‘
o tu rn a urum Anglia : non futfice re t a d e re ptionem tua m nut re demptione in. Ve ru n o
t a me n (111 5 111 tibi ll t‘ c t indigno qu a lite r pote rit vita m tu a m re fe rv a re , a : membra ne mu tilcris . Utcunqu e te fa lt'a bo , ft
qu a cunque in hoe ca fu a gun l ur line fa lfi fla mine mihi pa nde re non fo rmide s .’
Jud z us igitur ill e , cui nome n Capina r, frccmde ns via m inve nifre e va lio nis re fpo ndi t dice ns, Domine joha nne s , f1 diél is fa é
‘
ta compe nfa s p a nda m tibi mira bil ia .
’
E:
a n ima vit cum 8: tl imu la v n a d hoc domini joha nni s indn ll rin. £1 a it judz us ; Ve ra fun t qu a : dictin t Chriflia ni . jud z ife re quolibe t a nno unum pue rum in inj uria m a : contumcli a m jcfu crucifigunt. Se d non quolibe t a nno compe ritur. Occulte e nim hoc fa ciunt At locis a bfconditis At fe rre timmis . H une a u tem pne rum, que m H ugonem voca nt, immife ricord ite rno fl ri judx i crucifix e runt , cum obfiflr t. 81 mo rtuum«Hem a bfconde re non po tuit chrui in te rm ne c a bfco ndi . Inu tilc
cnim re pu ta ba tnr, co rpus infonti a ugurio ; a d hoc e nime vifce ra ba tur, u cumma ne pu ta tur a bfconditum e ddidi t i l lud te tra ,8: e voni uit , 811 a ppa rui t corpus a liquo tie t inhuma tum fup ra te rra m; undc a bhorrne runt Juda i. Ta ndem in pute um pre ci
pita tum e ll , ne e a dhuc ta me n potuit occulta ti. Mu e r e nim improba omn ia pe rf cru ta udo ta ndem co rpu s inve ntum ba lliv is in tima vi r.
’ Dominus a u te m j oha nne s t e nuit judz umvinculis ma ncipa tum. Et cum hz c ca nonicis e cclcfie Linco l
nle nfis c a the dra lis il tnu tu iffcnt pe tiemn t corpufe u lum ftbi da ri. Et conce fl'um e fl illis. Et cum a b infiniti a fa tis con fide
ra re tu r, hono rifice in e ccle fia Lincolnie nfi t a nqu a m pre ciofim a rtyria hum a ba tur. Scie ndum qua d judg i te nue run t pue rumvivum pe r l o die t , u t to t die bus p a nu s l a él e torme nt a vivus mu l tifo rmi a to le ra t. Cum re x re difl e t de Pl f l ibl“ bo re a l ibul
Anglia , a ce rtifica re tu r dc prz mifli s , incre pa vit dominum joha nnem quod tam fla gitiofi vita m a membra pu ll ice re tu r,quod da re ne quive ra t ! dignus e nim cra t bl a fphe mu s ille a t homicida mortis pmna multiformi. El cum judicium re o
immine rct irrcmcdia bl lc , a it lmmine t mihi more me a , ne e pote ll mihi dominus Joha nne s pu itu ro fufi'
ra ga ri. Nuncdico robis omnibu s v e rita temE hujus pue ri de quo ca lumnia n tur jud e i mo rti confe n tie ba nt omne : (e re jud ze iAngli a , a cujnfl ibe t fcre civi z a
'
ris A nglia : in qu a judmi ha bi t a n t qu ida m cle f‘
ti convofl tba mnr a d i llius pue ri im~
mo .a 11onem qua ft a d p a lcha le fa e rificium B t cum ha te di x ill e t ftntu l cum a l1'1s de lira me ntis , liga tm a d ca uda m
e qu in a m a tra fius a d pa tibu lum a i re is ca codemonibus in corpo_
re 61 a nimn pra e fe nt a tur. Et a lii jud a t i hujunfa ciuo ris pa rticipe s qua te r r igiu ri s: unde cim in bigi a Londinium du
'
él i ca rce ra li cu fl odi a ma ncip a ntnr. Q ti ii forte a ba liquibus Chriflia n is pl a nge h
-a n tur a b e mu lis corum Cou r/'
nir f fuocis l a cry mis de plo ra ba ntu r. Po ll e n ve to pe r inquif u
tionemjufl ici a n'
orum domini re gis pe rt cpl um tu it At inve ntum quod Juda -i Anglia : communi Confilio puemtn innoce nte ln
pluribus die bu s fla ge lla tum'111te reme run t crucifi x um. Se d pone . p ro in iqu i t a te illa ma te r diCl i pue ri contra ipfos do
t a li morte a pp e ll a tione m fu a m co ra m t e ge conll a n te r p rofe que nte De u s u ltio num dominuo digna m pro me ri tin re ddidit retribu tionem . mm in die Sti Cleme n tis 18 de ditioribus a ma ]oribus civita tis Linco lnie nfis fu e runt tra fii 1; a d fu rca a nova ;a d boc fpe cia li l e r pra
-pa ra ra s ve nto przr fcnta ti. Et
'
m tu rri Lond ine nti p lufqu a m viginti te r a d fimile judicium 111 ca re e r.
l uot re te n a t i.” Ma t . Pa ris , p . 9 1 3 , 9 1 3 . A . D. 1 1 5 5 .
Pa rt o f the hout'e s fu fo rfe i te d we re purcha t'e d a nd a ppropria te d to We lbo rne'n Cha ntry. Re g. De ca ni 8: C a pit.
foun da tion c l We lbo u rn’s ch..1n 1ry.
Ant/GU , a kind o f a knife or d a ppe rworn a t the'rd l e . Se cTyrwhitt's Cha uce r, ve r. 3 59. a nd note .
1 A fe t of fore ign clippe r. nnd come rs, withwhu c tra de the jewa in tc tfe re d.
a con
I 3 6
fra t t i fuo Chriftoph e ro Ma fli ngbe rd ca nce l l a rio ma ximum l a p idem ma rmore um
cor a m ima gin e be a ta? M . V. in infu la a uri r a /t
’
difl ze ce d e/ita ca th . L-inc. in quo .
nu l l a a pp a re t fcriptu ra fe u fcu l p tu r a , ita quod ipfe ca nce l l a riu s cum a b h a c luce
migra ve rit be ne e t l ibe re po ffit e t va l e a t fub e odem l a p ide (e p e l iri.
1 20 1 .W i LLtAM DE BLE’Y S
, bifhop of Lincoln, ca l le d by Lel andWil lia m de Monti’
buf ,
who d i e d I 2 0 1 , a ft e r h a ving fil le d the fe e two ye a rs from his‘
co n fe cra tion, wa s
bu rie d in the upp e r North tra nfe pt o f h is ca the dra l . Of h is body on i t s re
mo va l a ce ntu ry a fte r it s inhuma t ion , in o rde r to re bu i ld or
'
improve th is p a rt
o f the chu rch , we h a v e the fo l lowing a ccou n t from Schawk , who wa s re giite r
a t the t ime . W i l l’s de Blo yn e s, vi r l ite ra tu s e t be n igno s, cuju s memo ri a m be
ne dié‘
tione ce d it a nonnu l lis . Na m'
ci rca I OO a nuo s a co rpo ri s fu i huma cion e
e ffiu x is,cum co rpu s fu um a loco in quo ja ce ba t h‘uma tu s amot
‘
um fu ifl'
e t p rze te x tu
pu lchrioris fa bricze' fa cie ndm inve n tum fu it in te grum e t Vin u rh in ca l ice cum
quo huma tum fu e ra t re ce n s, u t v ide ba tu r, .e t pu rum
1 2 0 2 ,ALAN, a bbo t of Tewkeybwy, ca non of B e ne ve ntum, a nd five ye a rs a n ovice
p } , 1x ,a nd fa cri ll a n of Chri ll -ch u rch , C a nte rbu ry, 1 1 79, a gre a t fa vou re
'
r of Be cke r,a nd fl o u t oppo fe r o f B a ldwin a rchbifhoP o f C a nt e rbu ry, for wh ich re a fon th a t
p re l a te go t him remo ve d to th is a bbe y x or 7 , wh e re he fa t 1 8 ye a rs, a nd
die d 1 2 0 2 , h a s, in the fou th a i le o f the cho i r o f his chu rch in the fou th wa l l,n e a r the v e firy, a blu e fpe ckl e d fla b, with a crofs on i t, a nd _ th is -infcription ,
,PI< ALANVS l BI. u nde r a demi-qu a t re fo i l arch . He i s fa id to h a ve be e n a ma rto f gre a t wit, l e a rn ing, a nd p ie ty, a ndwro te a l ife of Be cke t, the nel s of Cl a re ndon ,Ep ill l e s to He nr y I I . Se e .
In th e no rth a ile of the ch a nce l a t B a nba in, Norfo lk , u nde r a n a rch in the
wa l l t e rm in a t ing in a bouqu e t, a nd rema rk a ble for i t s e xt ra ord in a ry fimpl icity ,“ l ie s a n oa k figu re o f a kn ight in p l a i te d a rmou r, a nd fu rco a t, a nd round he lme t,his h e a d on a cu ih ion ; his right h a nd l ie s by hi s fide ,
_
h is le ft l ifte d u p . A l a rge
cinqu e fo i l u nde r h i s l e ft a rm be fp e a k s h im to be S ir HUGH B ARDOLPH , kn ight,who h a d a mon ume n t h e re , a nd d ie d 1 2 0 3
3. Se e Pl . X . Sc X1. a n e x a ét re
p re fe n ta tion o f th is figu re , from a be a u t i fu l dra wing commu n ica te d by Mr . Ke rrich , Fe l lowo f M a gd a le n Co l le ge , C a mbridge ;with th e fo l lowing de fcription o f it.
The Effigy itfe l f is a cumbe n t fia tu e of wood, cu t ou t o f the fa me p i e ce o f
o a k wi th th e bo a rd on which it l ie s ; bnt (ome o f the fma l l e r, a nd mo re fa l ia n l
p a rts , we re ma de fe p a ra te ly, a nd a re t'
a fte n e d to the re d wi th woode n p in s 4 .The who le i s ho l low a nd i s op e n a t the bo ttom. It wa s o ri gin a l l y pa in te d a l l
o ve r, bu t is now a lmo fl ba re . From the l itt le p a in t rema in ing we ma y ga the rth a t h i s a rmo u r wa s ma il, which d id not cove r the h e a d, bu t a t the h e igh to f the mou th wa s l a ce d wi t h a re d l a ce to a l ight he a do
pie ce , wh ich h a s a
kind o f cre il or t ha rp emin e nce runn ing o ve r it from be h ind fo rwa rds . Fromwh a t re ma in s on the l e ft a rm, th e re ma y be fome re a fon to th ink it wa s not
cove re d with ma i l, bu t n a rrow p l a te s lik e thofe in the fe a l of king Edwa rd I I,bu t the re is fo l i tt l e l e ft
,th a t th i s i s ve ry u nce rt a in ; bu t wh a te ve r thi s p a rt o f
th e a rmou r confilt e tl o f, i t ce rt a in l y co ve re d his finge rs qu ite to the e nds, a nd
wa s not d i v ide d for e a ch fi nge r . The m a i l le s on the'
l e gs fe em not to be
p l a in ci rcu l a r rings a s u fu a l , but fo rme d in to fqu a re figu re s ; bu t th i s too on
a ccoun t o f the ve ry l itt le p a int re ma in ing ma y be qu e ll ion e ds. The fword
wh ich wa s p l a ce d ve ry fo r wa rd i s nowgon e ; i t wa s fa fle ne d to the figu re , a nd
wa s not o f the fame p ie ce wi th ‘
i t . The (word be l t wa s of a ye l lowifh co
lou r, flowe re d with gre e n a nd re d ; the gi rd le n e a rl y l ike i t ; th e furcoa t, wh ichi s fca rce lo nge r th a n the coa t o f ma i l, i s d i v ide d be fo re a bou t fou r inche s be
Agre e me nt be twe e n De a na nd Cha p te r, a nd Richa rd Stowe , ( 306, to ke e p up not/um 0pm,in a rch. e ccl. Linc .
Ll ll C a ll us , fo l . i gg. Blomfie l d's H iil o ry of No rfolk , 1 1 40.
As the who le o f the right a rm, a nd cubit of the le ft, fe Ve ra l fma ll p ie ce s in the fold s o f the furcoa t on the rightride towa rds the bo ttom, a nd one la rge one on the ou tfide o f the le ft kne e , which la ll fe ems to ha ve be e n fupplie d longa fte r the figure wa s ma de .
“The re a re line s cu t in to the wood in a l l the p a rts o f the figure which We re cove re d with ma il the fe fe em to ha vede te rmi ne d the rou s o f ma il le s , a nd I ha ve the re fore a tte nde d to the numbe r of them in my drawings.
[ ‘3 6 l
th ink th e l a tte r ; a nd th a t if not l e ft be hind a t Old Sa ium it l i e s unde rthe ra ife d
ba fe a t Sa l ifbu ry.
” 06.The on l y memori a l of W I L L I AM BLEs-EN S I S bifbop of Lincoln, who d ie d
a nd wa s bur ie d with h i s th re e fu cce fli ve p re de cefibrs, in the Upp e r orL e ffe r North tra n fe pt of hi s ca the dra l, _
is a whol e le ngt h figu re o f him , p a in te d
with th re e mo re of th em on the we ftwa l l of th i s tra n fe p t. The re l ie be low, in“
the middle o f the floor, clofe a nd p a ra l le l to e a ch othe r, th re e p l a in blue {l one s
coffin-fa fh ione d, a nd a fou rth de cora te d wit h m a f fi v e figure s in a l to re le i vo o f
p e rfons with v a riou s fymbol s , fitti ng on bra nch‘
e s o f a t re e , on whofe top fe ems to
be the De i t y. Among th e fe figu re s one p l a in l y a ppe a rs to ho ld a h a rp . )
The l chnogra ph ie s o f thi s ca th ed ra l , in Dugd a l e’
s Mon a fiicon a nd W il l i s,a fcribe o ne o f the fe fou r {ton e s to bi fhop Wa l l er de Confia ntiis . . But be fide s
th a t the d a te o f his de a th in'
the fe p l a n s is confounde d with th a t of Bl e fe nfis,
h e e njoye d th is dignity bu t one ye a r, be ing tra nfla te d to the a rchbifhopr'
rc of
Rou e n 1 1 84
On the no rth fide bf the cho i r 3 a t H e r eford i s the figu re o f a hi ll t op ponti fica l ly h a bite d ; h is r ight-h a nd. giv ing
_
th e be n e d iction , in h is le ft a cro iie r
a nd emba tt le d towe r o f two (tori e s . On the wa l l ove r h im is p a in te d th is infcription, D
’m Egidiur de B r a/e Epu : H e rf.Ob. A. D . 1 2 1 5 .
This is the monume n t of G ILES BRUCE, or B a r os r , bifhop of He re fo rd,from 1 1 99 to 1 2 1 5 . H e W a s fort o f W i ll ia m Bre o fe ba ron Bre cknock, a nd fora dh e ring to the ba ron s a ga in ft k ing John,
-wa s oblige d to fly his cou ntr y, bu th a ving a fte rwa rds re co ve re d the k ing
’s f a vou r, di e d a t Glouce fte t’ Nov. 1 7, 1 2 1 5 ,
on his wa y home , le a ving h is a mp le fo rt u ne to h is bro the r R e gin a l d, who ma r
t ie d the d a ughte r of Ll ewe l l in p rince of No rt h wa l e s ; From ‘ the towe r in-‘
h i s
ha nd Godwin conj e ctu re s he bu i l t the we ll-towe r of his ca the dra l 4.
1 2 1 5 ,Fig . 3 , 4 . Pl . IX . a re fuppofe d to h a ve be e n the figu re s OfALBERIC DEVERE, th ird
o f th a t Chnfiia n n a me , a nd fe cond e a rl of Oxfo rd, a nd h is L a dy, on the i r monume n t a t Ea rl's Colne p riory in Effe x . The y we re ma de of wood
, a nd p a inte d, butbe ing to t a l l y d e ltroyed 1 7 3 6, a re h e re e ngra ve d from dra wings t a ke n by D a n ie lKing 1 65 3 , which we re th e prop e rt y of Lord Fa i rfa x, a f te rwa rds of Mr . Le thi
e u l l ie r, a n d nowo f the Hon . Ho ra ce W a lpo le , to whofe po l i te a nd l ibe ra l fp in'
t of
commun ica t ion I am inde bte d for ma ny o the r drawings wi th wh ich th is work i se mbe l l i ih e d. Mr. Le thi e u l l ie r, whofe jud iciou s rema rks a ccompa n y a l l
,the
drawings th a t we re h is p rop e rt y, wa s induce d by the m a te ri a l o fwh ich the fe fi
gu re s we re ma de to a flign th em to th is. e a rl of Oxford, who d ie d withou t iifu e1 6 john
’
, 1 2 1 5 . W hom he ma rrie d do e s not a ppe a r from Dugd a l e . _Albe ric fu e
ce e d e d his fa the r Albe ric, whowa s ma de e a rl o f Oxford by the e mpre fs M a u d, a ndconfirme d in th a t d ign i t y by he r {on He n ry II. H is brothe r Robe rt h a s a mon o ,
me n t a t H a tfie l d Broa d—o a k , be fo re de fcribe d, e ngra v e d in p l a te Vl l l .
I “ 5 In the no rth a i le o f Cbri/I—cburcb, Ox fo rd, is a tomb ge ne r a l l y a fc'
ri be d toPl“X11. PH I L I P th ird p rio r of St .Fridifwide , who fini lh e d the pre fe nt chu rch, e re él e d the
be a u t ifu l lh rin e o f th e p a trone fs flil l rema in ing two a rch e s a bo ve him,in to wh ich .
h e tra rifla te d he r rema in s 1 1 8 0, a nd wro te a n a cco un t o f he r l i fe a nd m ira cle s.H e d ie d be fo re I 2 2 5 , bu t in wh a t ye a r is unce rta in . Bi lh op Ta nn e r a nd Wood 5
m a k e him flou ri fh I 1 8 0, Bilh op Ke nn e t“a nd Wood, in a no th e r wo rk 7
, 1 1 89 .
Browne \Vil lis ma k e s him die 1 1 90, a nd a fcribe s th is monume nt a lfo to Guymund,the firfl p rio r, bywho fe ca re th is hou fe wa s re - e fia blifh e d 1 1 1 1 , a nd the pre fe nt
ch u rch be ga n to be bu i l t , a nd who d i e d 1 1 4 9 .
'
l n thi s d ive rfi ty ot'
op in ions we m a y fuppofe th e monume n t to h a ve be e n e refl e d
to one or o th e r o f thct’
e priors in a l a t e pe riod, to which Mr. L e thie u l l ie r, whofed r awing is h e re cop i e d, a ifigns i t .
m. a gu. Godwin , p. 1 87. o r
,a s Mr.Wil lis inde te rmin a te ly e x prefl
'
e : it , unde r a n a rch in the fouth a ile .
’
3 Su rvey o f He re fo rd. p . P. 4 14 . MS x lix. P a roch.Antiq. p . 14 4.Hi ll . 51 Am. O x . Oa th. o f Ox f. p. e m.
King JOHN die d 1 2 16, a nd his monume nt in the choir a t Worceyl e r'
18 pm“
: 1 2
ba bl y o f his own a ge , a nd the olde ft of our'
Kings in Engl a nd , if we e xce p tth a t a fcribe d to Ru fu s . H e wa s bu ri e d h e re by his own de fi re in h is wi l l , in a
monk’s cowl . His e figie s is roy a ll y a pp a re l le d . W i th in his crown wa s JOHANNES
REX ANGLI/E, nowe nti re l y de fa ce d . In his ri ght h a ndwa s a fce ptre , nowbrok e n ;in his le ft a fword réve rfe d, a nd p ie rcing a l ion a t h is fe e t : On e a ch ti de of his he a d,infte a d o f the u fu a l a ccomp a n ime nts o f a nge l s, a re two B ifh'ops I
-
fl pontzfica /x'
bm;a s Dr. Thoma s fa y
'
s,a nd a s Dr. Stuk e le y h a s drawn them Ee nfing him, bu t a s
Thoma s h a s e ngra‘
ve d i t, ba lding ibe t’
r ”Ma rs . The fe a re fu ppofe d to be the bi
fhop'
s Ofwa ld a nd p a t ron s of the cli hr‘
ch,whofe monume n ts nowl ie in
La dy-ch a pe l , though mifta ke n for two o the r bi lh'
op s3
. The roy a l body is fup
p'
o fe d to l ie u nde r L a dy-ch a pe l, in a (tone v a u l t, in it firong ch e fi,in
' which ,u pon op e n ing ,
wa s fou nd a le a d e n co ffi n,bu t withou t a ny ma rk s or infcription
The tomb a bove grou nd be ing a lfo ope ne d wa s fou nd qu ite em'
pty4. The An :
h a ls o f Worce fte r p ubl ifh e d by Mr. W h a rton s e x pre fsly fa y,he wa s bu rie d
cordm ma gno a l/a rt'
in te r S. S . O/wa /a'um e t Wul/lmz um. The the n cho i r wa s
a fte rwa rds con ve rte d in to the L a dy-ch a p e l a nd whe n the h igh a l t a r wa s p l a ce d
wh e re the commun ion t a ble now fta nds, a nd the floo r o f the n ew cho ir h a d
ga in e d a confide ra ble e le va t ion by a fubte rra ne ou s v a u l t ma de u nde rn e a th , th e
k ing's tomb, now h idde n from V iew, wa s ta k e n down , a nd e re éte d be fore the
n ewhigh a l t a r'
, a nd be twe e'
n th'
e lh rine s h ere , a s i t h a d h ith e rto floo d be twe e n
the fe pu lchre s o f the fe two bi fhop s 011 i ts rides in (p i a tre fo il s a re the a rms of
Engl a nd , th re e l ion s p a il’
a n t gu a rd a nt. Stu k e le y 7,o n wh a t a u tho rit y I know
not, fuppofe s the ima ge l a y on the grou nd, in the La d y ch a p e l, o n a (tone nowbe twe e n bifhops Ofwa ld a nd Wo lfia n , though fiuce e le va te d on a tomb in the
Choi r. Dr . Na fh thi nk s th e body wa s l e ft in the cho i r,whe n on its be ing ru ine d
the tomb wa s brought forwa rd . S a ndford p ronou nce s th e fighre s o f the k inga nd bifhop s , a l l o f on e fione , to be a s old a s the t ime o f H e nry Il l . bu t the a l t a rtomb on which i t i s p l a ce d i s ce rt a in l y of mode rn fa brick
On e o f th e figu re s in the 727711510 church be longs to VVILLIA‘
M MARSH ALL, e a rl r 2 1 9 ,
o f PEMBROKE 9, whofe a rms p e r p a le O. a nd V . a l ion r amp a n t G . a rme d a nd P1. V.
l a ngu e d G. a re on the (h i e ld . I t i s a kn ight in ma i l wi th a fu rco a t, h is he lme tfig, 2 ,
more comp le te l y rou nde d tha n th e a djoin ing one , a nd th e cu lh ion a s in a l l th e
re fi , a nd u nde r Longe fp e e'
s a t S a rum, l a id fira ite r u nde r h is h e a d . He is d rawingh is ibo rt da gge r or brok e n fword with h is r ight h a nd, a nd on his l e ft a rm h a s a
fhort po inte d lh ie ld . B e lowhis k n e e s a re ba nds or ga rt e rs, a s if to fe p a r a te the
cu ifie s from th e gre a ve s; his le gs a re crofi’
e d , a nd u nde r his fe e t i s a l ion co uch a n t .
Ou r W i l l i a m wa s de fce nde d from the a n t ie n t fa mi l y of th a t n a me , whoh e ld th e o ffice o f
'
ma rfh a l o f Engl a nd , a nd o f whom Si r W il l i a m Dugd a le”
h a s give n a fucce fli on o f (e ve n de fce n ts from the t ime o f He n ry Il l . to Ed
wa rd I I . He wa s fon of John , who l i ve d inthe re ign o f Ste phe n , a nd brothe r ofJohn , who he ld the a bo ve high office in the re ign s o f H e n ry I I . a nd R ich a rd I .a nd d ie d wi thou t iffu e in the l a tte r. The firfi a ccou n t o f W i l l i a m is 2 8 H e nry I I.whe n He n ry fun o f th a t p rince , who h a d be h a ve d himfe l f re be l l ioufly a ga in (t his
fa the r, l ying on h is de a th -be d, with gre a t pe n it e nce de l i ve re d to him,a s to h is
mo (t in t ima te frie nd, his crofs to ca rr y to J e ru fa l em H e obt a ine d fromR ich a rd I . on h is firfi com ing to Engl a nd a ft e r h i s fa th e r’s de a th , l fa be l d a ughte r
a nd he i r o f Rich a rd e a rl of Pembrok e " in ma rri a ge , a nd with h e r tha t e a rldom,
a nd by th a t t i t le he a ii i il e d a t R ich a rd ’s co ron a tion Wh e n th a t p rince we n t to
P. 3 5 . l tin . I . xviii. He ha s rcpre fe nte d the figure a ma z ingly rude .3 Se e be fore , p . 30.
Gre e n’s Survey ofWorce fl e r , p . 40. 67. Angl. Sa c. I. 4 8 3. Gre e n , p . 38.
7 R 65.P. 8 5. We eve r, p . 4 4 2 . Ba r. 1. ( 99. Hove d. p . 354 . Dugd. ih. & a ut. ibi ci ta ti.Dugd a le a fte r Bromton, p . 1 1 5 5. a nd Hove de n, 373. fa y: only o f Str igu l ; bu t thinwa s Richa rd de Cla re , fu rn a me dStrongbow,
fe cond e a rl o f Pembroke , which title pa flwith his da ughte r to he r hu(b a nd. Se e C amde n in Pembro ke fh .
p . 5 1 3 . M. Pa ris a lfo ca lls ou rW illia m e a r l of Pembroke , a t we ll a t his [onWil lia m.
Hove d. p . 3 54 . Bromt. p . “ 58.
[ 3 8 ]
the Holy L a nd he -ga ve him a f ha re in the gov e rnme n t'
, a nd‘
he e nga ge d himfe lffor the k ing
’s p e r forma nce of his e nga geme n t wi th the king of Fr a nce tb u nde rt a k e the cru fa de He wa s fla e rifi
"
o f Linco ln lh ire from the a d to the 6th of th isre ign , a nd o f Su li e x du ring the who l e , a s a lfo 1 Joh . a nd o f Glou ce fi e rfhire
the fa me y e a r, t i l l the e ighth . Upon John’s a cce i fi on he wa s fe n t be fo re h im
from No rma ndy to k e e p the p e a ce t i l l h i s a rri va l3. l i e obt a ine d of the k ing a
]
gra n t of the who le p ro vince of Le infie r in I re l a n d, be fide s the gove rnme n t o ffe ve r a l ca il le s in W a le s, a nd on the bo rde rs "; a nd he wa s fe n t to re ce i v e th ed ema nds o f the ma lconte n t ba rons a t Bra ck le y
, 1 7 Job5. H e fupporte d
H e n ry III. a ga in (t the p a rtifa ns o f th e D a uphin , a mongfi' whomwa s his own{on 6
, a nd de fe a te d th em a t Linco ln, wh ich th e y h a d l a id fie ge to7. H e the n
be le a gu e re d London , a nd re du ce d it to the u tmo l’t difir e fs ; a nd by hi s p ru de n tconduét a p e a ce wa s foon a fte r brought a bou t, 2 He nry Il l 8 . Th e l a li p ubl ico ffi ce wh ich h e fil le d wa s th a t o f lh e ritf o f Effe x a nd H e rtford lh ire ". H e
founde d C a rtme l e p riory, L a nca fh ire , a nd th re e more in I re l a n d, a nd bega n a
C ifle rtia n fou nd a t ion a t Dowyik e n in the count y of Kilk e n n y a nd wa s a be n ef a él or to fe ve ra l othe rs both th e re a nd in Engl a nd. H e d ie d a dva nce d in v e a rs
a t h is ma no r of C a ve rlh a m n e ar R e a ding, 3 H e n ry III. 1 2 1 9 . H is bod y wa sca rrie d firfi to R e a d ing- a bbe y, the n to We limin fte r, a nd l a li to th is church ,wh e rei t wa s fo l e tn n l y in te rre d on Afce nfion -d a y, 2 7 ca l
'
.-Ap ri l Th is e p it a ph, e x
p i'
e ll ive o f h is ch a ra éte r, wa s m a de for him :
Sum qu em Sa tu rnum fibi fe n frt Hybcrn ia , So l emAngli a , Me rcu rium No rma nn i a , G a l l i a N a rtem
Fn it e n im,
” fa ys M a tth ew Pa ris, Hybe rnorum nocivu s e domitor, Angl i ahono r 8c glo ri a , Norma nn ia e n e got i a to r, qu i in e a mu l t a comp a ra v it, Ga l l icis be ll icofu s 86 mi le s invincibil is .
” The fa me write r, jufi be fo re , a l l ud ing to the (ba rehe h a d in fe ttl ing the you ng ki ng on his th rone ca l ls him
,Re ctor c n i
H e ma rri e d to his fe cond wife , 5 Joh . Alice , da tighter of B a ldwin de B e thunee a rl o f Albema rl e ; a nd le ft by h is firfiwife five fon s, W
' i l l i a m,R ich a rd
,Gi lbe rt,
Wa l te r, a nd An fe lm, who a l l fu cce e de d on e a no the r in h is l a nds a nd honou rs,a nd d ie d withou t Mi n e ; a nd five d a ught e rs, ma rrie d to fome of o u r p rincip a ln obi l i t y , to whofe h e i rs the inhe ri t a nce a t l e ngth de fce nde d . B y h is fe condwi fe h e h a d on e d a ught e r, who d ie d withou t iff ue . The t it le born e by th is e a r la nd his de fce nde n ts wa s e a rl o f Pembrok e a nd ma rf ha l l of Engl a nd, lo rd of
Longu e vil e in No rma ndy, of Le infie r in Ire l a nd, a nd of Che pfiow, Strigo li , a ndC a e rwe n t, in W a l e s
1 Hov e d. p . 375. 1
l b. 3 76. H e obt a ine d for his {h a re of the la nds ofWa lte r Gifl'a rd e a rl of Buckinghamfl iire the chie f fe a t of theba rony in No rma ndy in right o f hi s wife . Dugd . ih. 600. e x rot. Se lde n Title s of Honour, p. 729.
Hove d. p . 4 30. Dugd. li a r. I . 60 1 .5 M. Pa ris , p . 2 54 . l b. p . 292.
7 lb. p . 295 .lb. p. 298 , 199. Dugd . ubi (up . lb. Mon . H ib. p. 1 77.MS. in Bibi Bod]. cite d by Dugda le .
'2Fo r this e pita ph C a mde n (p . cite s Rudburne ’
o Anna ls ; but it is not in the printe d copy in Wha rton’s Aug.
Sa c. l . 4 4 1 . W e eve r a pplie s to this e a rl the othe r e pita ph, which C a mde n (Midx . fa y: wa s in his time to be
re a d on t/Mfidz o f his tomb.
”
M I1 1 ( r a mM a r tii , Ma r : mu lto: v ire ra t a rmii .
'3 The you ng king rema ine d in his ca re a fte r his corona tion. M. Pa ri s , 289. The a u thor of a Life o f Fride fwide ,in Le la nd Col l . l . 28 1 . ha s i t re é
‘
tor re gis re gni ."a nd a ce rta in write r c ite d by Dugda le from Le l . ih. I I. 737.
which p a lfa ge I ca nno t find , ca lls him mile s (lr e nuitlimun a c p e r orhe m nomin a t ill imus , Gove rnour bo th of the re a lm
a nd the king's pcrfon , a ma n of fuch wo rthine fs , bo th in fiou tne fl o f Rou nd : a nd ma rtia l knowle dge , a s Engla nd ha dfewthe n tha t might be comp a re d wi th him.
"Ho l iin ih e d
, p . 291 . His brothe r H e n ry wa s de a n of York a nd billi op of
Exe te r. Se e his monume n t de fcribe d, p . 36.
'4 l nq. de li undr. de Ne rf. in ba g of quo u'a rra ntos in the ta lley court of the Exche que r, c ite d by Le Neve , MS. 11. in
Dugd . B a r. pe n . me . in which re cord he is ca lle d, Ma re fc a l lus Angl ie c i Come s dc Pe nbroc. Dugd a le do e s notgiveu s the d a te ot'his a dva nceme nt to this e a i ldom, only to tha t o f S trigu l. Bu t fe e C a mde n, a s be fo re quote d . Mil le s fa yshe wa s , in right o f his wife , cre a te d e a rl of Pe mbroke by king John, a t his corona tion
, though be fore this time he wa se ntitle d a nd ca lle d e a rl ma rl ha l l a nd e a rl o f Pembroke , temp . H . I I . a nd R. I . a s a ppe a rs by ma ny de e ds which he wi tne lf e s by tha t title , a nd a mong the mil , in the confirma tion of a cha rte r to La ngley church, 8 R. l . Ca r. of Honor,p . 1084 . Vince nton Brook, p . 4 1 3 .
t
in th e north a il e o f the cho i r a t H e i eford we h a ve , u nde r a pointe d a rch , 1 2 1 9.Blthop MAPBNORE, mpon l yfca l ibur a nd co lou rs. Ov e r him 18 p a inte d,
D’m H ugo de Ma pe nore E1) : H e reford
Obiit A. m I 9 .
On th e no rth ti de of the a l t a r, with in the ra i l s a t Ha l/Md B roa d-oa k, c. Ell'
e x , t 2 2 i .l ie s the e lfigie s in fre e f
’ton e o f RO BERT DE VERE, th ird e a rl of O X FORD. I t is in Pl-VHL
good pre fe rv a tion, e xce pt the fe a tu re s : in a round he lme t, in ma i l a nd a fu rco a t,
Erofs legge d, the right h a nd dra wing the fword, on the le ft a rm the (h ie ld fa i’re n'
cd a lfo by a be l t o ver the (hou l de r, a nd h a il ing on i t, in a fie ld o f fle u rs de l i s inloze nge s or d i a p e rwork, on the u pp e r h a lf the Ve re mu l le t : th e lowe r h a l f o fthe (h ie ld i s a dorne d with fqh a re s o f qu a t re fo il s in ro unds wi th flowe rs bet“e e n the m. The h e a d re fis on two cu fhions fupporte d by a nge l s ; two mo rea nge l s k ne e l a t de fk s wi th book s a t h is fe e t . This figu re wa s origin a l l y in a
ch a p e l on the Sou th ti de o f the church; of which a p ie ce'
of wa l l rema insé
W e e ve r gi ve s the infcrip tion a s fo l lows.
S ire Robe rt De V'
e e r'
l e .p rimier cou nt de-Oxe n ford l o t ie rz git ici . Di e u tle l a me ii lu
‘
i ‘
p l e ft fa ce me rci . k i pu r l a lme p ri e ra 2“
jo rs de p a rdon a ve ra a a te r rio‘
fi e r, 8cc.
br. Buca rci iii 1 738 ga ve the Socie ty: of Antiqua rie s a n a ccou n t of the
in fcription, which is p roba bl y th e fa me cu t in re li e f in ca p i ta l s on th e le dge of
th e (la b, of wh ich rema i n s on l y Sire er a nd fome mo re l e tte rs too im
p e rfe ct to be re a d. Se e p l a te Vl l l .
Mo ra n t gr a ve l y ca l l s th is a n e ffigy of wood, whi ch he mu ft h a ve h a d fromhe a r- fa y, or h is own mifia k e ; for ne i th e r. We e ve r nor S a lmon l e d him into it.Not th is e a rl, but Aubrey de Ve re founde d the p riory he re
‘
HUMEZ th e l a ft Norma n a bbot of Wefiminfie r, who die d 1 2 2 2 , i s fuppofe d £2 2 2 .
to be bu rie d u nde r the we li emmoft o f. the thre e tombs in th e ‘clo ifie r the re ,
ge ne r a l l y a fcribe d to Vit a l i s . Hi s ima ge on i t i s in po‘
ntific'
a l s ; a nd thi s wa sthe in fcr ipti on round we [e dge in Sa xon cha raEte rs
Ortus ab H ume ro W i l l ie lmus hie , ve ne ra ndoPre fu it ifie l oco, nu nc tumu l a tu s humo :
Se e’
it e ngra v e d Pl . 1.
W I LLI AM DE TRACY, one of _the -murdere rs of Be cke t, h a s be e ngenera l l y i 2 23 .
fuppofe d, on the a u tho ri t y of Mr. Rifdon 4, to,
h a ve bu il t a n a il e in the church
a t Mowbog, De von , a nd to h a ve the re in a n a l t a r- tomb a bou t two fe e t h igh, with
his figu re e ngra ye n on a gre y fla b o f Purbe e k ma rbl e , 7 fe e t by 3 , a nd 7 inche s
thick, a nd thi s in fe ri p tion
SY RQ [Gu il l a u]CT3€ D6 CRAC )’
[gilt icy, Din de fon a flme GY E
On the u ppe r e nd of
~
th i s tomb i s ca rve d in re l e if th e cru cifixion wi th the vir
gin a nd St. John, a nd _on the north fide fome Goth ic a rche s, a nd the fe thre e
P. 506. Ta n. 1, 1 7. Da rt.XIX. P . 1 16.
coa ts
co a ts : 1 . A2 . 3 l ion s p a fl'
a nt gu a rda nt,Arg. a . Arg. 3 . two ba rs,G . A2. 3 fa l tire , Or.
Th e firit o f the fe i s the co a t of Will ia m (Ta mmi/e , fo rm_
e rl y p a t ron of th i s chu rch
the fe cond th a t o f the Ma rtim, fo rme rl y lord s of B a rnfla p l e , who ha d l a nds int h is n e ighbomhood the th ird th a t of the St.Albim, who h a d a lfo e fta te s in the .
a djo in ing p a rifh o f Ge o rge h a m.
The figu re on the fla b is p l a in l y th a t of a p rie fi in his fa ce rdota l h a bi t, ho ld
ing a ch a l ice be twe e n his h a nds, a s i f in the a ct of confe cra tion .
B ifhoP Sta p l e don’
s Re gifie r, though it doe s not con t a in the ye a r o f his in iti-n
tu tion , fixe s th e d a te o f his de a th in the fo l lowing te rms, Anna I 3 2 2 , 1 6 De c.
Tboma : Robe rtur prm/e nta t. a d e re /e] . de Morboe v a ca ntem p e r mortemW i lhe lmi
d e Tr a c i die Domin ic. pn’
m'
o po/Zn a tifu . Virginis p e r mortemWill . de Ca mpv i/l .
”
The a e ra of the prie lt is the re fo re 1 4 0 y e a rs l a t e r th a n th a t of th e kn ight .I t do e s not a pp e a r by the e p ifcoPa l re gifle rs, th a t the Tr a cie s we re e ve r p a tron s
of Mo rtho e , e xce p t in the fo l lowing infta nce s .Anno 1 2 5 7 . C a l . J unii, John Allworth y, pre fe nte d by He nry de Tra ci,
gu a rdi a n o f the l a nds a nd h e i rs of R a lph de Bra gAnno 1 2 7 5 . Thoma s C a p e l l a nus wa s p re fe nte d to th i s re étory by Phil ip de
W e flon
In I 3 3 0, Fe b. 5 . He n ry de La Ma ce wa s p re fe nte d to th i s re c‘tory by W i l l i am
d e C amv i l le 3
In I 3 8 1 , Rich a rd Hopkin s wa s pre fe nte d by the De a n a nd Ch a p te r o f Exe te r,who a re (t i l l p a t ron sI t is p roba ble th a t the {t on e wi th th e infcrip tion to W il l i am d e Tra ci did not
o rigin a l l y be long to th e a lt a r tomb on wh ich it now l ie s ; bu t by the a rms fe emsr a th e r to h a v e be e n e re fte d for the p a t ron Willia m de Ca mw
'
l/e , i t be ing u nu fua l
in thofe d a ys to ra ife fo h a ndfome a monume n t for a p ri e li , e fp e cia l l y a s th e
a l t a r tomb a nd fl a b a re of v e ry d iff e re n t m a te ri a l s , a nd the be n e fice itfe l f is .of ve ry
incon fide ra bl e v a lu e . I t is a lfo p roba ble the monume n t of Tra ci origin a l l y l a y on
the grou nd, a nd th a t wh e n th i s monume n t wa s broke n op e n , a s i t wa s, a cco rding to Rifdon ,
in the l a ft ce ntu ry, th is pu rbe ck fla b wa s p l a ce d upon the a l ta rtomb, though it did no t a t firfi be long to i t.
The De von lh ire An ti qu a ri e s a fi'
e rt, th a t S i r PVi/Iia m de Tra cy re t i re d to th i s
p l a ce a ft e r he h a d mu rde re d Be ck e t . B ut this tr a d i t ion (e ems to re ft u pon no
be tt e r a u thority th a n the mifre pre fcn ta tion o f the infcription h e re gi v e n , a nd be
c a u fe the fa mi l y o f Tra ci pofi'
e lfe d the fou rth p a rt of a fe e in Wol l a combe ,within th is p a ri (h , which is {til l ca l le d a fte r the i r n a me . Bu t the Tra c ie sh e ld ma n y pofie ifi on s in th i s cou nt y,
'
a s Bove y Tr a ci , Nyme tt Tr a ci, B e dfo rdTra ci, Sa c. W i l l i a m de Tra ci h e ld the hono r of B a rnfta p le , in the be gin n ingo f H e n ry the Se cond’s re ign . King john gra n te d the ba ron y of B a rn ita p l e to
H e n ry de Tra ci, in the 1 5 th of h is re ign, a nd the fami l y fe em to h a ve be e n
p ofl'
cfl'
e d o f it in the re ign o f He n ry III.I am inde bt e d to the frie ndfh ip o f th e pre fe nt D e a n o f Exe te r for the
a bo ve obfe rva tions , which a fce rta in the monume n t in qu e flion .
I ib a l l digre fs no fa rthe r on th i s {ubje ét th a n to obfe rve of Si r W ill i am de
Tr a ci , th a t fou r y e a rs a fte r the mu rde r of B e cke t h e h a d the titl e of Stewa rd,i . e . jufl ice o f No rma nd y, wh ich h e he l d bu t two ye a rs . H e wa s in a rmsa ga in (i k ing John in the l a fl: y e a r of h is re ign , a nd his e fla te w‘
a s confifca te d
but on h is re tu rn to his a l le gi a nce , 2 He n ry I I I . i t wa s re fiore d . H e wa s li vingi7 H e n ry 1115 . confe que ntly die d a bou t or a fte r 1 2 2 3 , _ h a ving furvive d B e cke t upwa rds o f 5 7 y e a rs .
Re g. Brone fcombe . 3 Re g.'
Gra ndif on. Dugd.Ba r. 1. 61 3 .
[ 4 1 ]
Oh the north M e o f the La dy-ch a p e l a t Sa lt/bury i s an iil ta f tomb of wood, ” 20
wi th fi x demiqu a tre foi l n iche s in re l ie f in fron t, a nd a fla b orn a me nt e d wi th a-PI'XHL
borde r o f le a ve s, l ik e thofe on the tomb o f a n a bbe fs a t Romfe y, a nd on i t afig° 2 .
(l one figu re o f a kn ight in m a i l,with a round he lme t fomewha t'
fia tte d a t top,
a nd cove ring h is mou th a s one o f the Te mp l e kn ights his fpu rs with rowe l s ,h is lhoe s
'
p ik e d ; h is fa ce tu rne d to the right, a nd on h i s (hi e ld A2 . 5 l ion sr a mp a n t, bu t not on h is fu rco a t, a s fa id
'by Sa nd fo rd This mo nume n t
'
be lo‘
ngs
to W I LL I AM LONGESPE, Ea rl o f S a rum, n a tu ra l (on o f He nry II. by fa i r Ro lamund, fuppofe d to be poifon e d, a nd brought hithe r from Old S a rum. Sa ndfordh a s e ngra ve d _
this, a nd fa y s the figu re i s o f grey ma rbl e . Both i t a nd the tombh a v e be e n p a inte d bl ue , a nd th e ba ck o f the n iche s a do rne d with two p a tte rn so f mofa ic bu t the a rms in fron t a re nowgon e . Th e y we re h is own , wh ich hetook a fte r h i s wife ’s fa the r W i l l i am de B u t e u x
, or Fit z l’ a i'ne,
e a rl o f Sa l ifbu ry,a nd thofe of Engl a nd a l te rna te l y . A port ra it o f Rofamu nd on boa rd, fo rme rl yi n the h a nds o f Mr. Lu tton, p riva te fe cre ta ry to J a me s I I . a fte rwa rds o fMr.W
’
e fl,
a nd {h ewn a t the Soci e t y of An tiqu a ri e s 17 4 3 , h a d a rib-bon e -n a i le d be h ind it,fa id to be th i s W i l l i am’s. The monume n t is e ngra ve d Pl . IX. fig. 1 .
B e low th is is a no the r monume n t be longing to JOH N Lo rd
you nge r fon of W i l l i a m firlt e a rl o f Sa l ilbury o f th a t fa mi l y : a n a l t a r tomb,fig. 2 .
with a k n ight i n a pomte d h e lme t of ma i l , ga u nt le ts, fwo rd, p ik e d fli o e s , a
l ion a t h is fe e t, a nd u nde r h is h e a d a h e lme t wi th a griffin for e re li . At the{ide s o f the tomb in qu a t re fo i l s, AZ. 3 fuflls in a bo rde r, imp a l ing a fpre a d e a gle ,Montbe rme r a nd the fu fi ls in a 'borde r ingra il e d qu a rte ring the fp re a d e a gl e
'
; a nd
two fh ie lds de fa ce d .
The moft e le ga n t of a l l the figure s in the'
Temple chu rch rcp re fe nts a come l y I 2 2 7 .
you ng kn ight, in .ma il, a nd a flowing ma n t le , with a k ind o f cow] his h a ir Pl. V .
n e a t l y cu rle d a t the fide s , his'
crown a ppe a rs (h a ve n . H is h a nds a re e l e -fig. 3 .
v a te d in a pra y ing po lture , a nd on his le ft a rm is a fli ort po in te d fli ie ld ch a rge dwi th thre e wa te rbouge ts . H e h a s a t his le ft fide a long fword, a nd the a rmou ro f his legs, which a re croffe d, h a s a ridge or fe a m u p the fron t cont inue d ove rthe kne e , a nd forming a k ind-of ga rte r be low the k n e e a t h is fe e t a l ion . The
a rms be fpe a k thi s k night to be on e o f the fa mi l y o f“
Ro s or R o u s, a nd W e e ve rh a s the fo l lowing fra gme n t o f a n in fcription in
fcu lpe d upon one o f th e fe crofs- legge d mon ume n t s , a s h e fou nd i t a mong the’
col lect ion s o f on e fludiou s in a nt iqu i t ie s in S ir Robe rt Co t ton’s l ibr a ry .
Hie requ ie/cit R Ep quonda m vyl'
ta tor ge n e r a l/r a rr/inf:
mil it ia Temp/i i/z Anglia 89°Fr a nc/a 899 in Il a /1a .
This,from the p e digre e o f the lord s Ros, he p rove d to h a v e be longe d
to one ROB ERT, a Temp la r, /who di e d a bou t the ye a r 1 24 5 , a nd ga v e to the
Te mp l a rs h i s m a no r of Riblton . Si r W il l i a m Dugd a le info rms u s, th a tRobe rt , fe cond o f the f ami l y o f '
Ros o f H a ml a k e , in the re ign o f H e n ry II.wa s a fp e cia l be ne factor o f th e Temp l a rs, a s a pp e a rs by h is gra nts re cit e d in
the Mon a flicon ’,
a mong wh ich occu rs Ribfla ne (in the . W e fl R id ing o f
Y orkfli ire ) wh e re the y fou nde d a Pre c e pto ry . B u t Bifh op Ta nn e r .fli ews th a t
S i r W i ll i a m m iflook th is Robe rt for his n a me fa k e a nd gra ndfon the fe cond
Lo rd Ros , fu rn a me d Fur/a n, who incu rre d the difp l e a fnre of Rich a rd I . fo r
wh a t o ffe nce i s not fa id, a nd a fterwa rds of-John for a whi le . Abou t th e 1 4 th
o f th a t re ign h e took u pon h im .the h a bi t of re l igion fo r a fli ort t ime , a nd
a fte rwa rds wa s fhe riff o f Cumbe rl a nd, a nd gov e rnor of C a rl ifle . He wa s a s
.P. 1 15 , a nd the p . 91 . Ba a l . 54 5. I I 5 5 t . 5 57.
fick le
[ 4 2 ]
fickle in his a dh e re nce to John , a nd wa s one o f the ch ie f who unde rtook to
compe l h is obfe rva nce o f the gre a t ch a rt e r. But he wa s more fa i th fu l to his
fon .S ir W il l i a m re fe rs th i s monume n t to this Ro s, who a t the clofe o f his l ife
too k u pon him this o rde r, a nd d ie d in the ir h a bit, a nd wa s bu rie d in th e i r chu rch
1 2 2 7, 1 1 H e n ry III.
3 2 23 , The l a rge fion e coffin.
o f a rchbilhop LANG'
I‘
ON, who die d 12 2 8 , is _rema rk
a ble for i t s e lega n t (h a pe , ye t ha s on i t in re l ie f a v e ry ru de crofs, which D a rt
ca l l s p a te e , though i t i s ra the r fie u ry. I t [l a nds in St . Mich a e l’s ch a pe l a t Ca nte r
bury , h a lf wi thin the thick ne fs o f th e wa l l, u nde r a n a rch nowclo fe d up ; bu t
whe the r i t wa s a l toge the r'
wi thin or withou t the firfl ch a pe l on th is fite do e s not
a ppe a r
Bifhop FAUCONBRIGGE, in old St . Pa ul s,-h a s. a figu re l ike the Sa l i lbury e nd
Worc cfle r bifli ops o f th is t ime , with the p i l l a rs of th e a rch fomewha t l ik e
Ma rfli a l l’
s a t E x e te r the le dge o f the a l ta r l i ke th a t of Lon'
gcfp e , a nd qu a t re fo il s
a t th e fide s . He die d 1 2 2 8 .
B ifhop W'ENGHAM,
a t h is fe e t, in the fa me chu rch , ha s a fimil a r figu re . H e
d ie d 1 26 2 .
Both the fe monume n t s a re e ngra v e d in Dugd a l e’
s Hiltory o f th i s chu rch
1 2 29 . On the north
i
fid e of the cho i r a t St. Da v id”: i s th e figu re in pontyfca l ibu s o f
PLXIV.
bifli Op J onwa a r rt, who die d 1 2 2 9, a nd th a t o f his fuce e ll or AN SELM, whod i e d 1 24 9 .
In the midd le o f B e a ulie u chu rch, Ha n ts, is a longbl u e fl a g,wi th a bra fsl e fsfig. 1 ’ figu re u nde r a ca nop y, a nd a n jnfcn
’
p tion round '
the l e dge , e a ch le tte r in a
fingle fqu a re . Th i s (tone wa s found in a fie ld ne a r the Du ke of Mon t a gu e’ s
hoo fe on the l i te o f the a bbe y-chu rch, a nd is fuppofe d to h a ve be longe d toI S AB EL, Co un te fs of Co rnwa l l a nd Glouce fte r, th ird d a ughte r of W il l i am Ma rfh a l l
e a rl o f Pembroke , widow o f Gilbe rt de Cl a re , a nd a fte rwa rds, 1 2 3 0, firfiwifeo f Rich a rd Pl a nta ge n e t, fe cond (
"
on of king John, e a rl of Cornwa l l, a nd king of
the Roma n s, who ma rrie d a fe cond wi fe 1 2 4 3 . I t mu ll: be con fe fl'
e d, the re i s
noth ing but the circumfta nce o f he r be ing bu rie d h e re to fix th i s don e to. h e r,
u n l e fs i t l hou ld be fome thing l ik e a’
co rone t o ve r the h e a d o f the figu re .
Mr. John Bridge s fli ewe d the Soc ie t y o f An t iqu a rie s, a drawing o f i t,
cop ie d he re , Pl . X IV . fig. 1 . He r h e a rt wa s fe n t in a filve r cup to Tewk fbu ry,wh e re h e r bro the rwa s a bbot, to be bu rie d be fore the h igh a l ta r
3.
The n e xt figu re bu t one to th a t of th e e a rl o f Pembroke be fo re de fcribe d inthe ‘I émple ch u rch , i s a cro fs- le gge d kn ight, in ma il, with a fur co a t, his h e lme trou nd, fu rmounte d with a k ind o f rou n d ca p ,
a nd th e mou th -
pie ce up , h ish a nds fo lde d on h is bre a lt, h is (h ie ld long a nd po inte d, a nd now p l a in a ve rylo ng fword a t h is right fide ; th e be l t from wh ich h is (h ie ld h a ngs fludde d withqu a t re fo i ls, a nd th a t of h is fword with loze nge s . This ma y be for W I L L I AMM ARS H A L L, e lde lt fo n o f the fo re go ing e a rl \Vi l l ia m .
H e wa s a mong the ba ron s who re be l le d a ga inl‘
t John, but ma de his fubmiflionto He n ry III. A
'
l l th'
a t hi l‘tory records of h im is , th a t‘ h e de fe a ted Llewe l'l
'
m
Prince of W a le s in a pitcht ba tt le , 1 2 2 2 a nd con tr ibuted mu ch to k e e p the
Irilh in ol e die nce . H e founde d the hou fe of Fria rs Pre a che rs a t Kilke nn y.’ “
He
Da rt. 134 Gofil. 1 4 1 . P. Sa ndford, p . 96, 97. Dun . 603. Ma t.Pa r. p . 3 17.
ma rrie d
[ 4 3 ]
ma rri e d Ele a nor ’ fe cond d a ughte r of king John, who wa s a t firlt h ighly difpl e a fe dwi th the ma tch , a nd dying wi thou t ifl
'
u e , April 6, 1 2 3 1 . 1 5 H e nry l l l . wa sbu rie d in thi s chu rch, 1 8 C a l . M a ii , n e a r the gra ve of his fa th e r
2
. In the a nna l so f W a ve rle y is th is e p it a ph for h im, wh e the r p u t on h is tomb i s not e a fy to fa y ;a s we me e t wi th ma ny e p i ta phs for the fame pe rfon in monk ifli chron icle s, com
pofe d by th e comp i le rs, or h a nde d a bou t
Mil itis iftiu s mo rtem dole t Angl i a t ide tW a l l i a
,v ive ntis be l l a min a fqu e time ns.
Mr. Price (in a ddit ion a l obfe rv a tion s p rinte d from hi s M5 . a t the e nd of the 1 2 3 7 .
qu a rto de fcription of Sa l ifbu ry 1 774 ) fa ys, a t Sa lybury bifhop Poona h a s byt r a d it ion a monume n t on the no rth fide of the a l ta r, though h e wa s bu ri e d a t
Ta rra n t Monk ton, Do rfe r. His e ffigy in p a ntfica libm, h is right h a nd ho ld ing a
crofle r, his l e ft on h is bre a fi, l ie s on a fla b, wi th a fiowe re d bo rde r, u nde r a
c a nop y o f thre e a rch e s , whofe fin e flowe re d fton e roo f ha s be e n fup‘
p l icd by a
p l a i n ce il ing o f rough de a l . Se e Pl . Xl l l . fig. 3 . e ngra v e d from a fk e tch by JohnC a rte r, 1 7 8 0 . Pl . XIV . fig. 2 . e xhibits the fa me monume n t a s i t wa s a bo u t r7 3 6 .
Thi s worth y p re l a te , a fte r h e h a d t ra n sfe rre d the fe e from Old to NewS a rum,
a nd be ga n the nobl e flrnétu re wh ich we nowfe e the re , wa s tra nfla te d to Du r
h a m 1 2 2 8 , a nd, a fte r h a ving difcha rge d a he a v y de bt con t ra cte d by his p re dece fl
'
or th e re , d ie d 1 2 3 7 , a t Ta re n t Monk ton in Dorfe tfhire , wh e re he wa s born a nd
whe re he founde d a n u nne ry , in whofe chu rch his h e a rt wa s bu rie d 3. M a tth ew
P a ri s giv e s him the ch a ra cte r o f gre a t fa nél ity o f l ife a nd de e p le a rn ing; a nd
a dds, th a t wh e n he p e rce i ve d his difl'
o l ution drawing n e a r h e p re a ch e d a fo l emn
f a rewe l fe rmon to his p e op le , a nd a fte r a p rop e r difpofi tion o f his wo rld l y e ffec'
ts,me t de a th wi th firm compofure .
LHEWELLIN th e Gre a t, prince of W a le s, who di e d 1 2 4 0, wa s bu rie d in t
Conwa y a bbe y, of h is own fou nd ing, fromwhe nce , a t the diflo lu tion, h is coffinwa s remo ve d in to a fl a bl e among the ru in s, a nd the nce to the be a u t ifu l ch a p e la djo in ing to Ll a m‘w/l chu rch, bu i lt by In igo Jon e s for Sir R ich a rd W ynne , ba rt .o f Gwcd ir, who wa s l in e a l l y de fce nde d from th a t p rince , a s i s fe t forth a t l a rgein a lo ng infcript io n th e re . The coffin i s o f d a rk brown ma rble o r gr a n ite , fe ve nf e e t long in the c le a r, a nd fou r inche s th ick : the fide s a dorne d with wholea nd h a lf qu a t re fo i l s in re l i e f. At th e he a d wi th in i s the following infcri p tion inRoma n ca p it a l s on a bra fs p l a te ,
This i s the coffin of Le olinu s Ma gnu s, p rince of W a le s, who wa s bu rie d inthe a bbe y o f Conwa y, a nd u pon the difl
'
ol u tion remov e d the nce .
”
I t i s e tch e d by Mofe s Griffith in the fou rth of h is fupp l eme nta l p l a te s to Mr.Pe nn a n t’s Tou r in W a l e s .
l wou ld jufl obfe rve he re , th a t the fl ame o ve r the \Ve lfli ga te a t Shrewfburycommon l y a fcribe d to th i s p rince re a l l y re pre fe nts Edwa rd I . who conqu e re d
W a le s, a nd th e a rms of Engla n d a nd o f Shrewfbu ry a re o n the fa me lide o f
the ga te .
R OGER N IGER, bilhop ofLondon, who d ie d 1 24 1 , h a d on l y a p l a in fa rcoph a - I 24 1 »
gu s, co ve re d e n do; d’a ne , wi thou t figu re s or o rna me n ts 4 . Somewh a t fimil a r
coffin s, but both .
a li k e o rna me n t e d wi th a rche s, con t a ine d the rema in s of the ,
king Se bba a nd Erk e nwa ld the re 5.
She a t fu ll ma de a vowof cha ll ity ; but fe vcn ye a rs a ft e r his de a th rema rrie d S imon de Montfort, e a rl ofLe iccflcr,a ndwa s burie d a t Monta rgcs in F ra nce . We e ve r. Mille s, p . 1 3 5. S a ndford , p . 93,
Dugd . B a r. 1. 603 . e x MS. Bod]. Ann.Wa ve rl'
. p . 193 . Ed. Ga le .
3 Godw. dc Fraer. e d. Richa rdf. p . 740. Dugd. St. Pa ul's, p . 86. lb. p . 91 .
1 24 3 .
1 24 6.
1 2 4 7 .
1 2 5 0 .
[ 4 4 ]
In the wa l l of the fou th a i le Of the cho i r a t B ri/Iol, forme rly ope n ing in to thev e firy, i s a n a l ta r tomb for a lo rd BERKELEY, h is a rms p a in te d 011 the a rch.
Qu ee re , i t THOMA S the fe cond lord, whofe wife fJANE wa s bu rie d in th e a rch
be twe e n th e vefiry a nd the fou th a i le “.
Be lowhim, u nde r a nothe r a rch , a n arme d figu re of THQMAS BERKELEY whod ie d 1 2 4 3 , a nd wa s gra ndfon o f Robe rt, the fe cond lord B e rke le y H is a rms
o n his fli ie ld,
T he tomb o f a bbo t BERKY NG, who die d 1 2 46, fl ood be fo re the h igh a lt a r
o f the L a d y ch a pe l a t iVefimin/Ie r, bu t wa s t a k e n down in‘ th e fol lowing ce n
tu ry by a bbo t Co lche f’te r, a nd a fl a t fione l a id in i ts p l a ce , which whe nHe n ry V I I . bu i l t-his ch a pe l, wa s remove d to the a re a a t the foo t o f the (top s,wh e re i t {til l co n t inue s, be ing a l a rge gre y (ton e , robbe d o f i ts bra fs le dge a nd
figu re of a m i tre d a bbo t, a nd the tra ce s fo wo rn, th a t on l y two rofe s a t the W'
e fi
co rne rs a re difce rn a bl e . The in fcrip tion gi ve n by D a rt3 wa s a s fol lows
Rica rdu s B a rkyng p rio r e ll , po ft incl ytu s a bba s
He nrici re gi s p rude n s fu i t i l le m in ifie r.
H uju s e ra t prima l a u s, in fu l a re bus op ima,
A lte ra la u s ze qu e Thorp ce n fus, Och a m d e cimze qu e ,Te rt i a Morton e ca flrum fnn ili r a tion e ,Et re gi s qu a rta de mu lt i s commod a ch a rta .
C leme nt i s fe flo mu ndo migra vit a b iflo
M . Domin i C . bis XL” fe x toqu e fu l) a nno .
Cu i de tu r ve nia p a rt e p i a virgo Ma ri a .
l i e wa s pri vy counfe l lor, ch ie f ba ron o f th e e xch e qu e r, a nd one o f th e lo rds
ju ttice s o f the k ingdom d u ring H e n ry I l l’
s W e lfh wa rs . His be ing a bbo t ofth is r ich houfe wa s h i s firfi pra ife his fe cond a nd th ird we re , th a t _
he a fiign e d
the ma no r o f Thorpe ’ for the e Xp e nce s o f th e con v e n t a nd th e chu rch of Ock
h am ( I fuppo fe the Vica ra ge o f Ok e ha m, c. Ru tl a nd for h is ta ble H e pu r
oh a fe d o f the Fo l iot fa mi l y the ca ttle o f Mo re ton Fo l io t, h a lf the ma no r of La ngdon, with the ch a pe l the re , a nd h a lf the forefi towa rds the ma no r o f Morton 5
.
R OBERT B INGH AM, bifh op of Sa lt/bury , who die d 1 2 4 7, l ie s on the north fide
o f the ch a nce l the re , u nde r a mo lt e lega n t a rch , on wh ich {it te n a nge l s,fu rmou nte d by a ri ch bouque t, a nd fide d by fou r rich p o in t e d a rch e s, whofefin i a ls a re de ltroye d . In th e ce n t re o f the e mba tl e d wa l l o f the cho i r h e re i s
fome rich Op e n work Of thre e fiorie s d imin ifh ing. The fla bwa s in l a id in bra fs,wi th a crofs fle u re ch a rge d wi th -(ome figu re , a nd fou r loze nge s ; a l l gone . Se e
Pl . XV .
Mr. D a rt 3 a ffign s a gre y ma rbl e fla b be twe e n th e ga t e s o f He n ry V’s ch a pe l
a nd the Con fe flb r’
s (h rine , wi th the ba re t ra ce s o f a crofs, two'
fh ie l ds a t top
(on ce bra fs) a nd a wo rn le dge o f le tte rs, once in h igh re l i e f, bu t not now le gibl e , to ROGER DE W ENDO VER, bi(hop of Roch e ite r, who d ie d 1 2 5 0, a nd wa sbu rie d h e re by th e king
’s e x pre fs comma nd, though W e e ve r 9 me n t ion s, fromt ra d it ion, his po rtr a i tu re in the wa l l of Bromle y chu rch .
Dugd. Ba r. 1. 3 5 5. Dugd. En . I . 3 53. 3 XX] .4 William the Conqu e ror gra nte d Sa c, &c. to Tha rp . Da rt. I. a n
Da rt. ki tte n , p . Da rt. lb. P 439.
1 2 5 2 .
1 2 5 3 .
1 2 5 4 .
[ 4 6 ]
ton, Erma . a nd a lfo 5 . G . thre e Iuci e s h a u ri a n t A . At the h e a d a fcfs be twe e nthre e ge rbe s O . imp a l ing the che vron a nd gre yhounds . In a window a bove i s
the ch e vron be twe e n thre e gre yhou nds .
BL ANCHE, gra nd a ughte r o f He n ry I I a ndQu e e n of Lewi sVIII. of Fra nce die d
1 2 5 2 . J u li be fore he r de a th th e be ca me a nun a t Pontoi/e , wh ich (h e h a d
founde d, a nd to wh ich chu rch th e be qu e a the d he r body . Fa €t a e fl fa nél imo
n ia l is pro fe ffa v e l a t a a nt e mo rtem, 8c fupra ve lum a ppofit a e ll: co ron a , v e f’tita
e ll re gina l ite r, 8:
tic fe pu l ta e lt, u t de cu it, re dimit a I me n t ion th is prince fs
on l y a s a n e xa mp le o f the ce remon i a l u fe d a t the fu ne ra l o f a ro y a l re l igiou s .
On the fou th fide o f th e fou th a i le o f the cho i r a t Te 'wkrbwy is a fre e fionea lt a r- tomb, wi th 4. qu a t re fo i ls o n e a ch fide . In the fp a ndri l s a re the cyphe r h e ree ngra v e d, a nd a che vron be twe e n 3 e fca l lop s . In one fhie l d, a Pa lme r
’s fl a ff
p a fi'
e s through the po int o f the che vron, or a s B .W i l l i s 3, o ve r a l l in p a le . H e
a fcribe s th i s monume n t , wh ich th e t ra d i tion Of the p l a ce gi ve s to a bbo t RoB ERT FORr VNG
'
r ON, to ROB ERT, who d i e d a bbo t h e re 1 2 5 3 . B ut he mill a k e s
wh e n he t a lk s Of h is e ffigie s ca rve d in fu l l propo rt ion"on i t .
714 6.
H UGH NORTHWOLD, bi(hop o f El y, who d ie d 1 2 5 4 , h a s a v e ry orn ame n te dmonume n t th e re , not fa i th fu l l y rcpre fe nte d in Pl . XV . o f Mr. Be nth a m
'
s we l lwri tte n bi l l'o ry of th a t chu rch, whe re i t i s thu s de fcribe d, p . I t is a ra ife d
monume n t o f gre y ma rbl e , wi th h is e ffigie s cu riou fl y ca rve d in his e p ifcop a l
h a bi t,a nd a s i t we re e n throne d or infl a l l e d : a t the h e a d we re a nge l s fu pport
ing a crown Of glo ry o n the tide s o f the {ta l l we re ca rv e d, on the right h a nd,a k ing, a n a bbo t, a nd a monk . On the l e ft St . Ethe ldre da , a n a bbe fs crown e d,a nd a n u n, a nd a t the foo t the flo ry o f St . Edmu nd
’s ma rt yrdom,a l lu ding to
th e fou nd ing o f the chu rch o f Ely in h i s time , a nd to St . Edmu nd’s a bbe y,
o ve rwhich he pre fid e d . This monume n t,wh ich flood clo fe by St . Ethe ldre da
’s
( hrine , be hind th e high a l t a r, wa s proba bl y remo ve d whe n th a t wa s demol ifhe d,a nd the e fli gie s be ing ca fu a l l y l a id on bifhop B a rn e t
’s tomb, h a s by the incu riou sbe e n t a k e n for’ th a t bill i op .
”To il l u ll ra te th i s d e fcription I wou ld obfe rve , th a t
o f the figu re s on the right fi d e , the k ing, ho ld ing in h is right h a nd a ra gge d fia ff,
in h i s l e ft a glohe , t re a d ing on a fe rpe nt, p roba bl y re fe rs to H e n ry I I I . the a bbo to r r a th e r the bill i o p, ho ld ing in h is right h a nd a rich flowe re d cro fs, in h is le ft achu rch , to No rthwo ld h imfe l f whe n a bbot h e re , a s a lfo the figu re o f the monkbrok e n in the m idd le , bu t h a ving u nde r h is ba ck a t the bo ttom of h is a rch a
twi l l e d cock a t rice the bifhop’
s right foo t t re a ds on a l ion look ing u p , a nd h isle ft o n the bre a l
’
t o f a d r a gon, who fe h e a d i s de fa ce d . The th re e figu re so n the le ft fide re pre fe nt St . Eth e ldre d a , in th re e d iff e re n t ch a ra él e rs ; a s a bbe fs,ho ld ing in he r l e ft h a nd a chu rch, in he r right a crofie r ; a s que e n , crown e d ,h e r l e ft h a nd o n he r bi'e a fl , h e r right ho ld ing up he r robe ; a nd a s a nu n , h e r
H e na u lt (I . ma ke s he r d a ughte r of Al phonfo 1X. k ing of C a flil e ; a nd fays , he r fi ll e r Be re nga ria wn wife ofAlphonfo king o f Le o n : whe re a s lhe wa s da ughte r of Alphonfo Vl l l . king of lt ile , a nd he r fill e r Be re nga ria ma rrie dAlphonfo IX. king o f Le on. who wa s in right of his wife king of Ca ll il e . Sa ndf. 70.Ma th. l'a ris , p . 8 59. Mir. Ab. I. o . 1 77.
[ 4 8 ]
whofe n e ck wa s a ho rn or i vory fi l le t : tv‘
vo rings o f horn o f the d iff e re n td ia me te rs we nt rou n d the cro fi e rz top a t d iffe re n t in te rv a l s ; a nd whe re i t wa s fitte dto the fie ff the re wa s a bra fs pl a te , fitte d on with le a the r, a nd ch a rged with th isinfcri p tion in two l ine s,
>1< PER BKCVLI FORMEM X
PRELKTI DISCITO NORMXM.
The po in t o f the crofie r wa s fhod wi th a po int e d me t a l fe ru le a rme d
wi th a k nob, a nd from i t iffu e d a tra n fve rfe p ie ce o f me ta l,a lfo k nobbe d, a s a
flop to k e e p i t Re a d y a t th e foot . The fe me ta l o rna me n ts we re re pofite d in
the v e ltry; a nd the wood e n fra gme n ts re p l a ce d in the coffin , A r ing o f gi l t
me ta l, with a ve ry fma l l blue flone fe t in i t, wa s fou nd to h a ve fa l le n off the
finge rs .Afte r a ca re fu l e x amina t ion by the Pre ce ntor, Mr. Sympfon , Mr. Br a dle y , the
orga n ifl , a nd one or two more me mbe rs of the chu rch , the fe re fpe é‘
ta bl e re ma in s
we re ca re fu l l y cove re d up a ga in, a nd a s the furfa ce of the co ffin i s con fide ra blybe low the l e ve l o f the new p a veme n t i t ma y be p re fume d th e y wi l l re ft u nd ifi urbe d to the e nd o f t ime — to th a t. p e riod inwh ich a l l who h a ve e n l ifl e d unde r
the ba nn e rs of Tru th , Libe rty, a nd Virt u e , {h a l l {h a re wit h th i s wo rth y prel a te the gre a t rewa rd a s f a r be yo nd the e mp t y wifh of the pe op l e , a nd the
u niv e rfi ty o f O x ford, th a t'
he might be ca non i ze d, a s his virtu e s tra nfe e nde d thefup e rf
’tition o f his conte mpo ra rie s .
The re rema in s cou ld not howe ve r e fca pe the p e ne t ra t ion o f the Pre fide n t of the
Roy a l Soci e t y, to gr a t ify which the y we re a ga in op e ne d a bou t a mon th a ft e rth e i r firl’t u nco ve ring. Sir Jofe ph B a nks took ou t a fma l l portion of the l iqu o r
in wh ich the body wa s o rigin a l l y l a id.
C a mde n fa ys,
-the bifhop comma nde d th i s on l y to be e ngr a ve n o ve r his tomb,
PM}; fim nofce cupix ca ro pu trida , n il mfi «ve rmis
Qu i/qui: e s [106,de me tibifit [ t ire f a l ir.
B ut u pon h is de a th th i s wa s writte n,
Re ) : (10161, a t regnym g em/7, (”
9gfie t Anglia Iota ,
P/ebr p/a flgit, g em/1m ingemin a re juv a t .
flop/wGro lte dus, [p e a t/um v ir tu a l , a/ylum
yu/l il id ’
, Reg/Zr a ncbora , morte ja ce t .
Non pa tcr it 10mm z'
l/e mori cu i fa ma pe rora t,La m loqu itur , r edo/gt frufiw, a bunda t bonor ;
Unde do/em trif t a /ur bomo, t a nit ting e /us unde ,
U/zde f e re na n/ur fidcra p a l/ct bumu;2
.
D‘
Alde rby, the fou rth o f h is fu cce ffors, wa s bu rie d, in the fa me ma'
nn’
e r,in the lowe r fou th tra n fe pt, a s a ppe a re d on n ew p a ving i t th is fpring . The
p l a ce o f h is lh rin e ma y be dif’tingpifh e d a ga in (t the W e ll wa l l of the tra n
B e twe e n bifhop Grofihe a d‘
s tomb a nd‘
th e fou th wa l l wa s bu rie d h is in t ima t e
a nd le a rn e d frie nd flda m de Ma ri/co, chi e f of the Fra ncifca ns, who d ie d o f grie f
for h is lofs p re fen tly a fte r him the fame ye a r 3
.
Re ma ins , p. 373.
Pa rt o f the ft: line s , with form : a lte ra tions , a re in the monk of Ba rde ne y's Life o f him, Angl. S a cr. l . 340.
Ann. de La ncrco ll , u_bi fup .
ROGER
tnou s monume n t to be h e re e re cte d to h e r, a nd comma nde d his tre a fure r a nd
ch a mbe rl a in o f the e xche qu e r to d e l i ve r to ma il e r S imon de W e l l s five ma rks
a nd a h a lf for h is e x p e nce s in go ing to London for a ce rt a in bra fs ima ge to
fe t on he r tomb, a nd re tu rn ing home a ga in And on ‘ th is tomb wa s l ikewife
pl a ce d a filve r ima ge , for wh ich W i l l i a m de Glocefie r the king
’ s filve rfmith h a d
70 ma rks ’. For th is Mr. D a rt quote s St ryp e .
Two a rtifis in {ton e a nd filve r a pp l ie d to He nry I I I . to ma ke a figu re for
his d a ughte r. H e ga ve th e p re fe re nce to the l a fi, a nd p a id p remiums to
fuch ca nd id a te s a s ca me o u t o f the coun t ry : a proof ou r a rt ifis we re n o t to
d e lpica ble a t th i s 3 3111 a s i s ge n e ra l l y fuppo fe d . The monume n t o f H e n ry I I . a t
Fonte vra ud wa s ma de by Engl ilh a rtifls, who ha d fa fe conducts to ca rry it ove r.
Five ch ildre n Of Edwa rd 1. viz . jOHN his e l de fi, Ahéh oh sq s his th i rd fon,BERENGARl A a nd A L ICE his fou rth a nd fifth , a nd ELEANOR h is .te nth d a ughte r,a re fa id 10 be bu rie d h e re , a nd to them Mr
"
. D a rt re fe rs the p a int ing o f two boysa nd two girl s
' a boveme n tione d bu t u nl e fs we fuppofe th em“
a dde d to H e n ry I l l ’s
ch ildre n , the tombfu its be ltwit h the a ge of the l a tte r.
Al phonfu s d ie d I 2 1 4 , high l y regre tte d by the kingdom for his gre a t be a u tya nd v a lou r ’
.
I t a pp e a rs th a t R ich a rd fon o f H e n ry I I I . a nd Alphonfus fon of Edwa rd I .we re bu rie d, the firlt on the Sou th fide of St . Edwa rd’s (hrin e , the o the r on
th e Sou th fide o f the cho i r ; but wh e the r the ch ildre n of the fe‘
kings h a d one
common p l a ce o f fe p ultnre i s not e x pre fl’
e d, though i t ma y be pre fume d .
1 2 5 6 Among the figu re s in th e Temple chu rch is a {tone cofii n e n do: J a ne , the
Pl V. ridge s a nd a ngle s of its cove r forming a k ind Of cro fs, whofe top te rmin a te s infig 5 a t re fo i l, a nd the foo t re fis on a bu l l’s h e a d, or p erh a p s a ra m
’s,‘
re fe rring to theho l y l amb a nd from the m iddle of the fh a ft iffu e two fie u re ts or le a ve s . Thi s
ma y be th e monume n t o f W I L L I AM PL ANTAGENET, fifth (on of H e nry 111. whod i e d in his infa ncy, a nd -wa s bu rie d he re a cco rding to W e e ve r 4, a bou t 1 25 6 5
.
His fa the r in t e nded to be bu rie d the re himfe l f. Se e Dugd._Mon . Aug. II. 5 3 1 .
PLXIX. The five figu re s in the north groupe Of th is church be ing a bfolu te ly u n
a fce rt a ine d, l e a n on l y p re fume them to be of the fa me ce n tu r y, a nd fubjo inth e i r de fcrip tio n s .
C a mde n a nd W e e ve r a fcribe‘
one o f them to G I LBERTMARSH A L L, th ird (on ofthe firftW i l l i a m, who on th e de a th o f his bro th e rs fucce e ded to the who l e of th e
p a te rn a l inh e rit a nce . 1 9 H e n ry III. h e took the crofs wi th R ich a rd e a rl of Cornwa l l, in orde r to go to the Ho l y La nd whichwa s de l a ye d on l y by his d iffe re ncewith the king
7. H e wa s a firm a dhe re n t to R ich a rd e a rl Of Co rnwa l l, who a t
l e ngth procu re d h is re conci l i a t ionwi th the king. H e ma rrie d, I 2 3 5 , M a rga re t‘
fifte r o f Ale xa nde r k ing o f Scot l a nd, a nd a fte r he r de a th M a u d de L a nv a l e y,wi thou t the king
’s l ice nce 9. He lo ft h is l ife a t a tou rn ame n t a tW a re . I 2 4 1 .
be ing ru n a wa y wi th by a me ttl e fome I ta l i a n horfe , whom he cou ld not che ck,
Ryme r , I . 4 1 .This re cord ha s give n rife to the tra dition o f the ve rge rs , tha t thre e filve r ima ge s we t-g a fli x t over the tomb by the
i rons now rema i ning.
Ann . de Dnntt a ple , p. 507. whe re he is ca lled fort a nd he ir. The Anna ls o fW ave rly, p . 2 38 . ca ll him fil iut
primap nirw" (i f Edwa rd I .P . .
5 Mil le s , p: 14 5 . S a ndfo rd , p . 91 , 93.Powe l's l l ifl. of \Va le s , p . 3 93 .7 M. Pa ris , p . 5 16.
'fm ina ( Iq a nhflfnm. Ma rth. Pa r.
Dugda le (ce nts to da te his t'
wo ma rria ge s wrong ; for he quote s Rot. Pin 14 He n . III. for his fe co nd ma n'i a ge ; ye t'
ma k e s his fu ll pla ce t z gt, 19 He nry [ 11. M. Pa ris , p . 565, me ntions tha t with Ma rga re t u nd e r the ye a r l z go. bu ti t is moft pro ua ble , from the a bove rirc umfta n ce s
,tha t it wa s the fe co nd ma tch.
“4 Abou t a howfltot fro m He rtfo rd. M. Pa ris , ca lls the fport fm u imu 9n d v u lga r/vb a pp /la te r . I t wa s a name
git-e u to difguife the (port, which the king ha d e x p re fs ly forbidde n . Sce lh. p . 5 73 . a nd Du C a nge in voce .
t s a‘
1'
Feb. i s , 1 7 1 8 . I t wa s u na n imoufly a gre e d a t the Soci e t y o f An tiqu a ri e s, to
t a k e a d r a wing o f th e Kn ight s Te mp l a rs, a nd the tomb o f the p a t ri a rch in the
Te mp le -chu rch , a nd the infcrip tion o ve r th e (him, a nd Mr . Dire étor (Ta lma n)wa s orde re d to emp loy Se ignor Gri fon i a bou t th a t work , who wa s chofe n by theSocie t y wh e n the y lh a l l h a ve occa l i on for d rawings Mr . Le thie u l l ie r in fo rme d
the Socie t y , th a t h e h a d , fo r h is own pri v a te cu riofity, ca u fe d drawings o f
the fe tombs to be t a k e n , wh ich we re the n.
in his h a nds.
I ca nno t conc lude th i s a rt icl e witho u t re cording a n a n e cdote commu n ica te d to
me on good a u thorit y , th a t a pp l ica t ion wa s ma d e,by a H e rtford fh ire ba ron e t ,
fo r fome o f th e fe cro fs- l egge d k n ights to gra ce h is n ew- e re cte d p a rochi a l ch a p e l
bu t the focie ty o f B e nch e rs difco ve re d the i r good fe nfe , a s we l l a s rega rd to
a n t iqu i ty, by re fu ting the ir .comp l ia nce .
Simi l a r to th e fe is the figu re of Si r J AMES BEAUCH AM P i n the no rth a i l e of the
cho i r a t Worcefie r . I t i s in m a i l , wi th a rou nd h e lme t a nd fu rco a t, drawing his
fword with h i s right h a nd, h is le ft u nde r a long po in te d fh ie ld : his l e gs cro ffe d
a s thofe a bove n a k e d , a nd a t his fe e t a l ion .
“ Thoma s (e ems to gi ve the l e fth a nd a glo v e o fma i l , a nd ma k e the othe r ba re .
1 2 5 3 ,Th e tomb a t York of Archbithop SEW A L, who die d 1 2 5 8 , i s the firlt in fi a nce
o f a ta ble monume n t, wi thou t a n a lt a r tomb. I t re fis on twe lve a rch e s , a nd on
th e fl a b, wh ich dimin ith e s by five mou ldings, i s a crofs florée in re l ie f
I 2 5 8 .
I S A BEL counte fs of ATHO L, wife o f D a v id de Stra bo lgy e a rl of Atho l, a nd fe e
cond d a ught e r of R ich a rd de Do ve r, n a tu ra l {on of king John by Rohe s his wi fed a ughte r o f Robe rt de Dove r, ba ron o f Chi lh a m h a s a n a lt a r tomb in th e un de r4
cro ft a t Ca nte rbzgry ;the fide s a do rne d with thre e fh ie lds in qu a t re fo i l s, two ch a rge d
with thre e cinqu e fo i l s, the middlemofiwi th a tri v e t . H e r figu re i s v e ry de l ica te ,d re lTe d in a ma n t le a nd p e tt ico a t, h e r he a d-dre (s fine l y p l a it e d a nd ve i le d, fup
po rt e d by a nge l s, h e r h a nds jo ine d, a dog a t h e r fe e t, the fa ce of the a rch a h 6
n u l a te d, in the ce n tre a bove a tofe 5.
CROCKESLEY or C a o s s u zr , a bbot o f Wefiminfie r, who di e d 1 2 5 8 , a ndwa sbu rie d, a cco rd ing to F le t e , in the ol d ch a p e l o f St . Edmund, which he h a d h imfe l f bu i l t, ne a r th e north doo r, a nd on the t a k ing th a t down be ing ru inou s, t e
mo ve d to th e a djo in ing ch a p e l of St . N icho l a s, u nde r a l it t le p l a in {ton e be fore
the midd le a lt a r, wa s a ga in difiurbe d in the re ign o f H e n ry V I . a twh ich t ime
the who l e con ve n t fa wh is corp fe firm a nd fre lh in the v efime nt in wh ich he fa i d
m a fs in a {tone co ff i n . This co ffin D a rt thinks wa s l a id on Fl a oce t’
s tomb in St.
john B a ptitt’
s ch a p e l, a nd in i t wa s fa id by Ke e pe to h a ve be e n l a te l y fou nd a
body, t hough D a rt cou ld find on l y the d i sjo ine d boa rd s of a n inwa rd cofiin ,
which h e look s u pon a s a p roo f of it s a nticiu ity . I t h a s be e n a fcribe d to Bohune a rl o f He re fo rd a nd Mill ing bilhop o f He re ford, bu t a ga in (t th i s h e a l lege s its
form, a nd th a t {ton e coffin swe re r a re l y or n e ve r in u fe in the 1 4 th ce ntury 7. Al l
th a t ca n be fa id is, it i s the coffin of a re l igiou s, a nd i t now l ie s on the tomb of
a bbot Fl a cce t.
H is e p i ta ph wa s on ly the fe two obfcure l in e s,J a m W in tona po l i s de R ich a rdoMon i s a ma ra de d it, a t locu s i ll e ca p i t .
Stuke l e y’s Copy of th e Minute s. P. 4 1 3 . s Dra ke , p. 4 19.
Sa ndf.5 Se e the print in Da rt, p . 90. XX IV.
7 l . 19 1 .
[ 5 4 ]
Mr. L e thie u l l ie r ima gine s th em to be l a te r th a n thofe i n wood (e ngra ve d
l 'l . i x . fig. 2 , a nd a pp ropr i a te s th em to H UGH DB V 1 11 }; e a rl of O X FORD a nd
h is co u nte fs l l AW I SE, d a ughte r o f S a e r, e a rl o f W inche fie r, 4 6 H e n ry Il l .
H e wa s o n l y fun to e a rl Robe rt bu ri e d a t H a tfie ld-Bro a doa lg, a nd ne ph ew to
e a rl Albe ric. be fo re -me n t ione d, a nd d ie d 1 2 63 . The p rincip a l e ve n t in h is l i fe
wa s, th a t he fubfcribe d the ba ron s’ l e tte r o f comp l a in t to the Pope , 3 0 H e n
ry
W e e ve r l a ys the fo l lowing infcrip tion wa s on h is tomb
Hic j a ce nt Hugo de Ve re , eju s nomin i s p rimu s, come sOx on ite qu a rt us, ma g
n us ca me ra riu s'
Angl ic, fil ius 8c h ze re s Robe rt i comitis, 8c H awifia u xor eju s,{i l i a S a cri de Qu inci comitis W intone ; qu i qu idem Hugo obii t 1 263 . Quorum
a n ima bu s p rop itictu r a ltiffimus .”
The re fe cm to be the a l a ba fie r figu re s d e fcribe d a s l y ing 1 7 4 6 in a n old
fumme r-ho‘
u fe'
in the Sou t h B a it corne r o f Mr. W a l e ’s ga rde n a t Co ln e pri o ry :
the lowe r p a rt o f one o f which is in a imou r from wa i ii to mid th igh , a nd a s
tn nch o f a fe ma le t ru nk . M a ny p ie ce s o fma rble a nd a l a ba fi e r l a y fca tte re d a bou t,a nd o th e rs we re cu t in to ch imne y p ie ce s for e ve ry room in the ho
‘
u fe . The
fo u nd a t ions we re d ifce rn a bl e in dry we a the r. In digging u p th e fou nda t ion of
the o ld con ve n tu a l chu rch we re found {tone coffins, bone s, a nd m a n y co in s
a n o ld p ie ce o f le a d, c i rcu l a r, with a loop , or ho l e , wh ich fe e med a pp e nd a n t
to a p a rchme n t, a nd h a d a re fe , circumfcribe d Thome ROTJJ YNG, p roba blyfront tha t pe rfon
’s coffin .
Mr. King m a de a -d rawing o f th re e v iews of a co lofl'
a l fre e -{ton e figure ,
ca l le d by tra d it ion GRIMEVERY , the firit o f th e fa mi l y o f the V e re s. Thi sMr. Le thie u l lie r a ppre he nds to be a miita kc, for th e fo l lowing re a fon s Alberit u s, the firft of the f ami l y, fe t t l e d inde e d a t E a rl ’s Co lne , whe re h e die d , a nd
wa s bu rie d, in the t ime o f W i l l i am the Conqu e ro r, a n a ge p rior to the e re étinga ny fuch monume n t s ; a nd a s he wa s the founde r o f th e i r mon a fte ry, a nd
h imfe l f (born a monk the re in , th e re i s no re a fon to e xp e ct a re pre fe n ta tion
o f him in the h a bit a nd a tti tude o f a fo ldie r . H e wa s th e re fo re ra the r in
cl ine d to be l i e ve th is monume n t wa s in t e nde d for ALBERICUS, th e th i rd of th a t
fa mi l y, bu t firfi e a rl o f O x fo rd ; from wh e nce p e rh a p s a rofe the tra d it iono f h is be ing the firit o f th is fa mi l y . This e a rl wa s a n e mine n t foldie r in the
re ig ns o f St e ph e n a nd H e n ry III. a nd dying 6 R ich a rd I . 1 1 94 . wa s inte rre din th i s p rio ry . Mr. Le thie u l l ie r a dds, he h a d me t wi th fome othe r figu re s ofl ike co lofla l p ropo rt ion s, wh ich the re i s good re a fon to ima gine we re of th a t
a ge . W e h a ve the re fo re fubjoin e d the p l a te to the e nd of the p re ce ding ce n
tu ry . I t wa s tot a l l y de ftroye d whe n Mr. Le thi e u l l ie r vifi te d the fpot 1 7 3 6 .
The fe monume nt s, with th a t o f e a rl Albe ric a nd l a dy, we re in the ch a p e la t Co ln e p rio ry in Effe x , which h a d be e n founde d by e a rl Albe ric in th e be
ginn ing o f th e re ign o f He nry I . bu t on i ts d emo l i t ion we re e n t i re l y de firoye d .
Oth e rs o f the fa me fami l y we re remov e d in to th e p a rifh chu rch, wh e re the ya re fiil l pre fe rve d, a nd wi l l be me n t ione d in th e i r orde r.
In d igging a gra v e in the midd le of the L a dy ch a pe l'
a t We l/r, 1 7 2 7, wa sfou nd a bou t 2 0 inch e s u nde r the p a veme n t a fre e -(tone coffin, con ta in ing the
bon e s of a bifh op , wi th a l a rge go ld ring fe t wi th a {l on e on h is finge r, a nd a
fma l l filve r'
cu p fu l l o f l iquo r, wh ich wa s th rown in the di rt be fore a ny p e rfon
o f cu rio fi ty ca me ; i t wa s co ve re d wi th a fma i l filve r p a te n fomewh a t rufly.
Al l the fe th ings we re pre fe rve d by a rchde a con Arche r. This wa s ge ne ra l l y fup
Dugd. Ba r. I. 191 . P . 1 15.
[ s s l
pofe d the bod y o f BUT'i‘ ON, firfl bilhop o f th a t fe e o f th a t n ame who, a ccord ingto Godwin wa s bu rie d in turnq ma rmor e a , in th is (po t: The in a tte nt ion p f
the l a bou re rs ma de them p roba bl y fa ncy th e re wa s l iquo r in the cu p , wh ich Ibe l ie ve i s no t ufu a l , though ch a l ice s a nd p a te n s a re freque n t in the gra ve s o f t el igiou s o f ra nk , nor i s i t proba ble the ve lfe ls we re o f a ny be tte r
'
me ta l th a n'
l a t
ton , a s thofe in bi lhop Grplthe a d’
s tomb. Nothing i s mo re common th a n the
mi lt a k e . Th u s the p re l a tica l r ings, a nd the re ga l fce p tre s , bu rie d with the t e
fpe cl ive p a rtie s a re , wi th the highe lt de gre e o f_
imp roba bi l i t y, conce i ve d to be
o f go ld or l i lve r, wh e n , a t mo lt, they a re on l y gi lde d or l i lv e re d ove r . This bi
lh op d ie d 1 2 64 . Thorr'
i a s Bu tton,’
one o f h is fami l y, a ft e rwa rds bilhop o f Ex
e te r, ga ve to‘
th e_chu rch o f W e l ls, for this bilhop
’s fou l , th e be l l which u fe d to
ring for fe rvice in bifh0p Godwin’s t ime , a s the infcrip tion on i t fe t forth ’
.
S imoN DE MONTFORT, e a rl o f Le ice lte r, b'
e ing fl a in a t the ba tt l e o f Eve li1 a m, 1
his he a d, h a nds, fe e t, a nd p rivit ie s3 cu t off on the fie ld by Roge r Mo rt ime r 4 ,
a nd the forme r fe n t to W igmo re ca li le 5,by le a ve o f the King the t ru nk wa s
ca rrie d a wa y on a we a k o ld l a dd e r, co ve re d with a to rn clo th , to the'
a bbe y
chu rch o f_
Eve lh a m,a nd, wra p t in a lhe e t , comm it te
'
d to th e e a rth , be fo re thelowe r li e p o f the high a lta r the re , with h is e l de ll ' fon H e nry a nd Hugh lo rdD e fpe nce r, who -fe l l with h im
6. Bu t lhort ly a fte r, fome o f the monk s a ll e dg
ing th a t he d ie d e xcommu n ica te a nd a tt a i nte d o f tre a fon, a nd th e re fore did not
de fe rve Chri ltia n bu ri a l, th e y took u p h is corp s, a nd buri e d ir'
in'
a'
remot e
p l a ce , k nown to few 7.
On e o f his h a nds be ing ca rrie d in to Gh e lh ire by the-f e rv a nt o f one o f the
k ing’ s p a rty, wa s, a t the e le v a t ion o f the ho li i11. the p a rilh chu rch , mi ra ch
lou ll y l ifte d u p highe r th a n the he a ds o f a l l the a lfill a nts,notwithfl a nding i t h a d
be e n fewe d u p in a ba g, a nd k e p t in th e be a re r‘ s bofom 3. one of hi s fe e t wa s
ca rricd'
by john de Ve fcy, the fou nde r, to Alnwic a bbe y, wh e re cont inu ing fe vera l months u ncorrup te d, the monks ma d e for it a filve r fhoe 9
. I t h a d a wou ndbe twe e n the l i tt le a nd the th i rd to e , ma de e ith e r by a kn i fe or fwo rd, in the
ma ngl ing o f the body . The dilta nt l ight o f th i s foo t wrought in li a nt cu re s .A ca non o f Al nwic, who fwore the e a rl wa s a t r a ito r, lo ll firlt
'
his e ye s, a nd the nhis
'
l i fe . Think ,”cri e s ou t tlitnmonk o f Ma il ros,who re l a t e s th i s ll ory, wh a t
wi l l be the glo ry o f th i s foot a t its reju na ion to S imon’s body a ft e r the ge ne ra l
“ j udgeme n t, from the comp a rifon of th i s foot be fo re th a t gre a t e ve nt,wh ich dif
p l a y e d fuch h e a l ing powe rs through th e l i lv e r l h o e , ou t o fwh ich we nt inviftbl evirtu e to h e a l th e l i ck .
” The o th e r foo t wa s fe nt,‘
a s a ma rk of contemp t, bythe v ié
'
tor. to L l ewe l l in p rince o f W a l e s, who h a d fo rme d a n a l l i a nce wi th th i s
e a rl , a nd ma rri e d his d a ughte r. Though it i s no t to be do ubt e d th a t th i sa lfo wa s e ndowe d wi th a powe r o fwo rk ingmira cl e s, the y we re not fufii cie ntl ya u the ntica te d to
'
be re co rde d . H is o th e r h a nd wa s pre fe rve d with gre a t re ver e nce a t Eve lh a rn ,
whe re i t ma y fa i rl y be p re fume d to h a v e wrought mi ra cle s ;for G01) , con t inu e s my a u tho r,
'
do e s not fo ju ll i fy one p a rt of a m a n by the fe
powe rs a s to le a ve a nothe r p a rt wi thou t th e fa me .
" Th is chron icle r, in his
u tte r to He a tne , Pre f. t_o Adam de Dome rha m. p . 3 7. P .
Tc/It'
mlu a b/Z-flE: a ppe nd/ba i t t x a rr/17m pa rt: n afi. Lib. Gu ildha ll, MS. The ma n who cu t them 05 wa s difcov e re d two ye a rs a fte r in the rive r Ta y , a nd his body be ing ta k e n up , the re we re fo und two ft ightfu l fir a lvamr,
(q. cra yfilh ) fa ll e ncd on hi s be lly. lo tha t the y cou ld fca rce he pu l le d o ff . Chro n. Ma ilm s . 1 39.
Contr a difirp/ina m a rdmi t m'
l il a vi t. M. Pa rir. SirWi lli a mMa ltra vcrs did this , a cco rding to Robe rt o fGlorg ll e r, p . 560.
On the point of a fpe a r . Wike s , 7 1 .
Ann . W ave rley, 2 1 0. Ma tt. Pa ris l a ys prince Edwa rd a ll i ftcd a t the fune ra l o f yo ung H e nry, whom his fame :flood godfa the r to , a nd fo r whom he himl e l f ha d a gre a t re ga rd. This mi ll e d Dr . Na fi t (l . 4 13 ) to fa y the kinga ffi ll e d lo lemu ly a t the c a rl’s fu ne ra l.
7 Dr-gd . Ba r. I. 7 58 . e x MS. in Bib. Bod . Simonis ca da ve r e x tumul a tum in loco rcmotilfuno projefium fuit
qu i locu s nifr p a ucitfn n ir e ll _wgnitus . MS. Co tton.
'
I‘
ib. A . 1X. bu t d i fcov e rcd by mira cle s ,
Chron . Ma ilrus , 1 3 1 . Ua k ia mrnu m a } a vg-(mo pn rr
'
fi'
mc.
1 e nthu
[ 5 6 ]
cnthu l i a l'
m fo r th e ea rl , comp a re s h im wi th h i s n ame fa ke Simon Pe te r, ce le bra te s
h is e x e mp l a ry v igi l a nce a nd h a bi t of'
ril ing a t midn ight, h is a bltine ne e , a nd hi s
mode ra t ion in dre fs, a lwa yswe a ring h a i rclo th n e xt h i s lk in, a nd o ve r it a t home
a ruflét h a bi t a nd in p ubl ic, blow; or burfl e t a nd his co n ll a nt l a ngu a ge
wa s , th a t he wou ld not d e fe rt th e ju lt de fe nce o f Engl a nd, wh ich he ha d tu 1~
dcrta k e n fo r GOD’ S fa ke , th rough the lo ve o f l ife , or the fe a r of de a th ; bu t wou ldd ie for i t . ju ltl y th e re fo re d id the re l igiou s p re fe r his lhrin e to the Ho l y L a n d
a nd h is fa vou ri te s the fri a rs mino rs ce le bra te d h is l ife‘
a nd mi ra cle s, a nd co’
m
po le d a fcrv ice for him, wh ich , du r ing the l ife of Edwa rd, cou ld not be ge ne
r a l l y int roduce d in to the chu rch .
Ma tthewPa ri s 3 a nd the a u tho r o f the Anna l s ofW a ve rly4pre te nd, th a t a t the ih
fia nt o f his de a th th e re h a pp e ne d e xtra o rd ina ry thunde r a nd l ightn ing, a nd ge ner a l d a rkda rkn e fs . Sicque l a bo re s finivit fuos v ir i l le m a gn ificu s Simon come s,
qu i non fo lum fu a fe d fe impe ndit pro oppre flione p a up e rum, a ffe éi ione ju l’titize ,
8c re gn i ju re . l-‘
u e ra t u t iqu e l ite ra rum fcie n tia comme nd a bilis, ofii ciis di vin i sa ll idu e inte re lfe ga ude ns, fruga l ita ti de ditu s, cu ifa mil ia re fu i t in noél ibu s vigi
l a re amp l iu s qu a m do rmire : confia ns fu it in ve rbo, fe ve n ts in vu ltu,ma xime
fidu s in ora tion ibus re l igioforum, e ccl e l i a lticis ma gn am femp e r imp e nde ns t e
v e re n tia m.
" The fe a re the wo rds of Ma tthewPa ris, who a dds, th a t he h a d a
h igh op in ion of B ifhop Gro lte lte . oon l i l io tra él a ba t a rdu a , te n'
t a ba t du
bia , fin iv it incho a ta , e a ma xime per qu ae me ritum fibi fucre lce re ze ltima ba t
t ha t the bill i op promife d h im the c rown of ma rt yrdom for h is de fe nce o f the
chu rch , a nd fo re to ld t h a t bot h h e a nd h is fon wou l d die the fame d a y in the
ca u fe o fju ltice a nd t ru th . H is pmfe ll i on s o f -re l igion (for he a nd a l l h is a rmv
re ce i ve d the fa cra mén t be fore th e y to ok the fie ld 5 ) a nd his oppo li tion -to the
k ing’s opp re ffive me a fu re s ma de him th e idol of the monk s a nd the popu l a ce ,
Tyrre l fa y s6he h a d fe e n a t the e nd o f a MS . in the publ ic l ibra ry a t C a mbridge
ce rt a in p ra ye rs d ire a e d to h im a s a fa in t,'
wi th m a n y rh yming ve rfe s in h i s
p ra ife , a nd th e po pe wa s obl ige d to re pre fs the fe e x t ra v a ga nce s . He ce rt a i n l ywa s po lfe ffe d o f noble qu a l i t ie s ; but a mid _
the p re j ud ice s o f a n t i e n t wri te rs in h isfa vo r
,a nd the vio le n t decl a ma t ion s o f the modem s a ga in lt him, i t i s not e a fy to
d e cide whe th e r ambi t ion or the publ ic good wa s the mot i v e of his oppofition to
h i s fov e re ign , who h a d be e n his be n e fa cto r, a nd who fe filte r he h a d m a rri e d .
The Chron icl e r o f Ma ilros a ppe a l s to h e a v e n fo r the jttltice of h is ca u fe , a nd
the mi ra cle s wrought a t the tomb o f h is a li'
ocia te Hugh De fp e n ce r, who wa schie f ju ll ice o f Eng la nd ; a nd the Chron icle r o f W a ve rle y fcrupl e s not to ca l lhis de a th a gloriou s ma rt yrdom for h is countrv, a nd the good o f the k ingdoma nd the chu rch ; wh ile C a rt e condemn s him a s a t ra i tor ’
a nd Tyrre l fa ys, hea nd h is fa m i l y p e rilh e d, a nd ca me to nought in a fewy e a rs . Kn ighton l a ys, h ere proa che d h is fo n s for h a ving brought him to h is e nd by t h e i r p ride a nd prefump tion . Mr. Phi l ip s , owne r o f the l i te of Eve lh am- a bbe y, d igging a fou nd at ion fo r a wa ll be twe e n the chu rch-y a rd a nd h is ga rde n , fou nd the lk e l e ton o fa ma n in a rmou r, p roba bl y on e of the h e roe s th a t fe l l in th is ba ttle . He fcru
pu lou ll y l e ft i t u ntoucht, a nd bu i lt the wa l l u pon it 9.
1 263 In the north tra nfe pt a t H e r eford i s th e monume nt of bilhop P e rm DE
EQ UEB LANK, who die d His figu re in pon'
tifica /ibm l ie s on a low a lta r
tomb u nde r . a ca nop y . At hi s he a d a fl a t ca nopy, refiing on thre e h e a ds,
I
blown ve l h unt :
Cbra'
n, de Ma ilros, p. 2 3 1. Co ]. Ho l linlh . 3 70.
wh ich
[ 5 7 ]
wh ich a re a lfo down the (ide s, a nd th re e u nde r a rch e s a t h i s fe e t .'
OVe r his
he a d i s p a inte d on'
the wa l l ,D
'
ns Pe t ru s de Aqu a bl a nca e pu s He ref.Obi i t
‘
A: D . 1 268 .
His he a rt Wa s bu rie d in a mona fie ry'
of hi s founding a t Aigu e s be l le s in‘
S a voy,
whe re o f he fe ems to h a ve be e n a na ti ve .
In the middl emo lt ch a p e l o f th e no rth tra n fe pt a t Sa lt/3140, on the fo u th fide I 2 70 .
o f the ch a p e l u nde r a furba fi a rch, th e fp a ndn’
l s op e n , l ie s a bifho p m pomfbur m it re d . in his right h a n d a crofie r p i e rcing a be a ft ; a nothe r
‘
be a lt a t hisle ft foot. This i s the monumen t o fW ALTER DE LA W Y LE, who d ie d 1 2 70 .
Unde r a n e n a rche d monume n t ra ife d aga in(t the no rth wa l l o f the ch a nce l a t Repeba m in the coun ty o f Norfo lk l ie s a k n ight temp l a r o f the K e rdeflon
fami l y, in a rmou r, with h i s h a nds a nd le gs crofi'
e d : on th e ba fis o f the monu
me n t a re the e ifigie s o f fix boys a nd fou r gi rl s on the M e o f the ca nopy worka re the a rms o f Ke rde il on , bu t no infcription rema in s . This k n ight l ie s on
fione -wo rk ca rve d a s'
a rock, with a l ion a t his fe e t ; a nd p roba bl y re pre fe ntsS ir FULK DE KERDESTON, or, a s fome fa y, Sir THOMAS, who d ie d in 1 2 7 0
W e come nowto the mo lt ma gn ifice n t a nd cofily monume n t of this ce ntu ry, I 2 7 2 .
th a t o f H ENRY I I I. inW/Imm/Ie r a bbe y,which if not a ctu a l l y the work o f C a v a l l in i ,Pl x x .
wa s p roba bl y e xe cu te d from a de f gn of his, a nd with ma te ri a l sbrought fromRome , Xx
x
i
fiwhe re Edwa rd I . wa s the '
ye a r a fte r h i s fa the r’s de a th .
‘ Ma gm'
fico e r fubltmi jepul
cbro, qu a d re x Edwa rdm‘
fil iy : oplziticiJ , 89°C. wa s e Ga l l i a a ttule ra t plu
rima m orna 'vit" . Le la nd, or the chronicle c i te d by h im 4, fa ys it wa s e re cte d in
the 8 th y e a r o fEdwa rd I . wh ich is r 2 80 . The tide a nd e nd p a nne ls a re o f por
phyry, highl y pol ilh e d in fra me s of go ld a nd fe a rl e t I t {l a nds on a n a fce nt o f
th re e flop s, a nd u nde r i t a re thre e a mbr ie r or locke rs, l ine d with the fameMofa ic ’
. W e ma y obfe rve a gre a t conformi ty be twe e n th is tomb a nd the Con
f e fl'
or's in th e form of th e wre a th e d p i l l a rs a nd the i r ca p ita ls, a nd the contou r of
fome p a rts of th e inl a id work ; tho ugh the p a lm o f e le gance mu fi be g i ve n to
the /br ine". The monume nt o f th is k ing s chi ldre n , be fore de fcribe d, p . 4 9, i s
compo fe d o f the fa me -ma te ria l s .‘
The ta ble o f the ro y a l tomb 13 o f copp e r,di a p e re d, a nd e n ame l l e d wi th
‘
flowe rs a nd l ions in loze nge s . The k ing’s
figure is o f ca il: bra fs, _once gil t, l a id e x a étl y in the
‘
a tt itude in which the
body o f Edwa rd I . wa s fou nd on ope n ing his tomb in 1 7 7 4 , a nd I think
the re ca n be l itt le re a fon to doubt tha t his own body wou ld be found inthe fa me
_
fitu a tion in the a lt a r- tomb on“ which th e figu re l ie s . The dra p e ry
is the fa me in which Edwa rd I . wa s found to be v e tte d, e xce p t th a t the fibu l ai s double on the e ffigy, which wa s fingl e on the roy a l ma nt le . Time h a srobbe d He nry’s fl ame of h is two fce p tre s , which we re a ctu a l l y e x ifiing in
the tomb_
o f h is (o n , a nd one o f wh ich , in p roof o f Mr. D a rt’s a ccu ra cy, heh a s re itore d in his d ra ught, though
-wa nt ing fift y ye a rs be fo re whe n S a ndfordwrote . Since th a t t ime th e l ion a t his fe e t, a nd the ca nopy ove r the k ing
’s he a d,
re a ch ing down to his fe e t, a re a l fo gone , a nd on l y the ma rk s o f th e fa fte n ings
l e ft . Bu t I {h a l l de cline ‘a fu rth e r de fcr ip tion of thi s monument , wh ich is ~ fo
fa ithfu l ly re pre fe nte d with the e ffigie s a nd po rt ra i t difiinét byMr. B afire . D a rt
fa ys he ha d a ca fiwith one e ye , fo a s to hide p a rt of the ba l l a nd pup il . An
B lomf. No1f. IV. 405. Art hz o l . I . 31. C a mde n's W e flminil e r.
Col le fl a ne a , H 369 Anno o a a vo {u i u gn i Edwa rdus I. e x Ga lli a a dvcx ir po rphyre ticum ma rmor, e : quo fe
pu lchrum p a tris oma vil . H e a dds, Ex cru ll is a : re liqur
'
is p rophyre tici ma rmoris (3 61: fue l ibide m pulohe n ima
paveme nt.) tcfl'
e la ta illa .
Da rt. l l . 34 .
00 viewing the (b rine April 1 1 , I found the pilla r a t the South Ba li a ngle ha d be e n removed fine; I e xa mine dit Ap ril 14 , 1
o ld MS . in profe , a fcribe d by He a rn e to Robe rt o f Glou ce fte r, thu s de fcribe s hi s
p e rfon“This kyng wa s bu t of me ne fi a tu re , h is o th e r e ye l e de h a ngyd fo
mych e a down yt h it h e le d [cove re dl h a lf the bl a ke o f his e ye So Ma tt .Pa ris a nd the Chron ic le o f Tinmou th , c ite d by Le la nd 3
, Er a t a u tem fia tu re
me d iocri s, comp a éti corporis, a l te riu s ocu l i p a lpe bra dimiiIi ore ita u t p a rtemn igredini s a l te riu s ocu li p a lp ebr a ce l a r e t.
” Th is circumita nce is not e x pre ife d
on the figu re .
The infcription s gi ve n by Mr. C amde n on th is tomb a re a s fo l low
On th e north fide towa rds the a re a in gi l t le t te rs
Te rt iu s He nr icu s e ll temp l i conditor huju s.
DU LCE BELLUM INEXPER‘
I‘
IS .
On a t a ble fome time h a nging byTe rt iu s H e nricu s ja ce t hic pie ta t is amicu sEccle fiamfira vit iitam qu am poit re nova vit .
Re dde t e i munu s qu i regn a t trinus e t unu s.
Thu s tra nfla te d by Fa bi a n
The frie nd o f ju fl ice a nd a Ims-de e d,H e n rie th e Thi rd whilome o f Engl a n d king,Who th is chu rch bra ke 8e a fte r h is me e dAga in re n ewe d u n to h i s fa i r bu i ld ing,Nowre ite th he re , which did {no gre a t a thing;H e ye e ld his me e d yt Lo rd of De itie
Th a t a s one Go t) r a ign e s in p e rfons th re e .
Mr. V e rtu e fa ys, p a rt o f the l a it La t in infcrip tion, which writte n in
gi l t ca p i ta ls, wa s le gible5. So it {til l i s.
Round the ve rge of the t a ble is thi s infcription embo l’t in S a x on ca p ita l s,
ICI GIST DENRI IADIS REY be ANGLGTGRG SGYGNVRD6 l RLAVNDG 6 DVC D6 KQHT
’
K YGNG: L6 FIZ LI RGY IObKNIADIS RGY oE KNGL€T€R€
’
K KI DEU FACE M€RCI z'
A‘
MEN.
This p rince fe l l i l l a t St . Edmund’s Bury , on h is re tu rn from No rwich , a nd
d i ed a t W e fl rn inite r, I 2 7 2 . 1 6 k a l . De c. a ge d 65 a nd th e Su nda y fo l lowing,on the fe afiof St . Edmu nd the King, he wa s bu ri e d ma gn ifice n t ly in th i s chu rch,h is body dre fi
'
e d in hi s roy a l robe s , wi th h is crown on his he a d, a nd a l l th e
nobi l it y, the Temp l a rs (who C amde n fa ys wa n te d to h a ve bu rie d him in th e irchu rch 6
) ca rry ing the bod y wh ich (howwa s (0ma gn ifice n t th a t he wa s (hewnmo re ma gn ifice n t (fa y sW yke s
7
) whe n de a d th a n he a ppe a re d whe n l i v ing. H is
bod y wa s bu r ie d before tbc btgb a lta r ; bu t h is he a rt h e ga ve o rde r fhou ld be
bu rie d a t Fonte vra ud“,wh ich a cco rdine wa s d e l i ve re d to the a bbe fs of th a t
p l a ce by the a bbo t of We fiminil e r, on the Monda y ne xt be fore the fe a fl: of St .
Luci a the Virgin, in the pre fe nce of m a n y of the nobi l i ty, 2 0 Edwa rd l ’.
1 2 74 . In the fou th a i l e of the cho i r a t We l/1, on a n a l ta r tomb, i s the figu re of
B ifhop BUTTON, fe cond o f th a t n a me , wi th a l io n a t h is fe e t .
P . 5 2 1 . P . 1009. Coll. I. 177. Ho llinfhe d, I. 276.
i. e . pulle d down.5 Arch-so l . I . 34 .
041 i co rpus rcgium fibi ve ndica ba n t. Ubi fuPr a .
7 Chron. p . 98 . Ann.W a ve rl . p . 1 36. Wa lfinglnm. p. t .
Ma t.We li m.9 Da rt, l b. Sa udf. p . 91 .
4 WA LTER
This tomb wa s cl e a n e d a nd re p a ire d once more 1 7 70, by the co ll ege , a nd
the whitewa f hing a l l ta k e n o ff .
At the ba ck , o ve r the figu re , a re the fe a rms
0 . 3 ch e vron e ls G . Wa lte r de M e rton a nd his co l lege .
Arg. on a fa ltire G . a n e fca l lop 0 . Se e of Room/te r .
B e twe e n th em h a ngs a p u rfe , d e no t ing his o ffice of Lord Ch a nce llor.
Th is monume nt, which is a mu ch be tte r imi ta t ion o f Go thic th a n th a t ofLe ofric bifhop o f Exe t e r e re ct e d a bou t the fame t ime , wa s
'
e ngra v e d ve ryindifie re ntl y by John B a yl e y, _
a t the e x p e nce of the wa rde n a nd fe l lows o f M e rton,1 768 . In the firft impre ih ons th e bi(hop
’
s a rms we re de bru ife d by a cr’
ofs p a te e
fitche , a nd the fame witho u t the crofs gi ve n in'
fte a d o f the a rms -of the fe e .
The t a ble t a nd in fcription be t we e n them wa s a lfo omitte d. This wa s a fte rwa rd scorre ete d, a nd the t a ble t infe rte d ove r the bifhop
’s h e a d, a nd h is a rms ove r h is
fe e t : thofe o f' hi s fe e omi tt e d .
Adjoin ing to th i s monume n t i s a l a rge che ft of Pe tworth m‘
a rble much de
fa ce d, the fide s a nd top de cora te d wi th a n t ie n t o rn a me n ts, but no tra ce s of a n infcrip tion, which i s a l l th a t rema in s o f St . W i l l i am’s lh rin e , th a t brought fu ch
confide ra ble e mo lume n t to th e monks of th is p rio ry. This ch a ri t a bl e fa in t wa sa Sco tch ba ke r, who in h is wa y to the Ho l y La nd wa s mu rde re d by h is ownfe rv a nt be twe e n C a n te rbu ry a nd Roche ii e r. L a u re nce de St . M a rtin, biihop o f
Roche ite r, a nd pre de ce ifor of Me rton , wa n t ing a p re te nce to re cove r hi s chu rch
from the d i l a p ida t ion s comm i t te d by S imon de Mon tfort e a rl of Le ice fie r “
a nd
h is p a rt y, obt a ine d h is ca non i z a t ion of the pop e 1 2 66, a nd a gre a t re fort of vot a rie s foon a tte nde d a t h is tomb.
B iih op St. MARTIN d ie d 1 2 74 . a nd wa s bu rie d on the north fide of th e h igh
a lt a r, in his ca th e dra l , whe re his e ffigy, in pontyfmlibm, rema ins on a n a l ta rtomb.
1 2 79 . B ilh op GRAVESEND, who die d 1 2 79, h a d h is figu re"
in l a id.
in brafs, now
gone , on a fione in the upp e r l e fi’
e r tra nfe pt o f his ca th e dr a l, a t Lincoln, un de r
which is to be re a d th is infcription in old fqu a re ch a ra cte r s .
Ego Ricba rdur quonda m ep i/copur Line a /mew: cr edo qua d r edemfor mew o io it
e t in nwifimo die de te rm refurre él u rus [ um e x ra l/um circumda bor p e l lemm, e r in com e me a w
'
deoo De umf a loa torem me um.
Pe n n ey D e l .h u nt -1 :
[ 62 ]
2 . In th e midd le o f the e a ft e nd of the no rth tra n fe pt a t H e reford, {l a nds the
(hrin e or tombo f B ifli op CANTILUPE, p a t ron o f'
th a t chu rch , whe re h e fa t from
1 2 7 5 to 1 2 8 2 . H e d i e d a t Civ it a Ve cchi a‘
, 1 2 8 2 , in h is wa y to \Rome
,with a
comp la in t a ga in (t a rchbifli op Pe ckh a m, conce rn ing the rights o f his chu rch . H is
fie/b wa s honou ra bl y bu rie d a t Rome in St . S e ve ru s’ chu rch H is he a rt a t ( M)
ridg e , a nd hi s bon e r h e re , whe re the y wrought fo m a nymi ra cle s tha t the re gii‘
te r
o f the chu rch ma k e s th em a moun t to 4 2 0 cu re s o f v a riou s d ife a fe'
s’
. H is tomb
o f re d (ton e is a lt a r- fa fh ion e d, with a l a rge ca nopy o f l i x po in te d a rch e s o ve r i t .His figu re , a nd a n infcription on the v e rge a nd a t the fe e t, a l l in bra fs , h a v e
be e n to rn off. In the fix a rch e s on e a ch fide the tomb a re fix k n ight s in ma i lwi th (wo rds a nd fh ie lds, t re a d ing on l ion s, griffins, a nd l ion s wit h do ublet a i ls . Ove r the fe figure s fix more a rche s . The flowe rs a nd fo l i a ge in e ve ry
fp a ndt il d iff e re nt .
1 2 86.In th e no rth tra n fe p t a t Pe te rborougbwa s [ 1 7 60] a ra ife d cofli n-forme d (tone ,
with a crofs infcribe d
H ie ja ce t W i l lbe/mur Pa ryr, quonda m prio r Bu rg i cujur a nime prop itie l ur Dam.
Ame n . Pa te r no/Ie r . Amen .
The I t a l ics fupp l ie d from Brown e W i l l i s, 4 86. PARY S wa s p rio r 1 2 86.
Round two oth e rs,
His Wil lia m notus Pigbtefle ga ie/cit buma iw.
Fa fia priora tu s cl a ufiro re x it mon a ch a tus .
S it p re ce fa l va tu s Pe t ri, ca eloq. la ca lm.
The re cond l ine I ca n on l y u nde rfia nd to me a n th a t he gove rn e d the a él ions of
his priorlh ip by the fe ve rity of monke ry.
Such h a s be e n the progre fs o f impro v eme n t in this chu rch wi th in the fe
few y e a rs, th a t I cou ld find n e ithe r of th e fe tombs 1 7 8 2 .
The n e x t now tu rne d ou t u nde r the gre a t W e lt porch h a s a crofs, a nd th isinfcrip tion in Goth ic ca p i ta l s,
C ril‘
tu s Rog e ri Clyfi'
d igne tu r mife re n’
In Burgo n a tir] . p ri oris e t h ic tumu l a t i.
C l yfi’
die d
In th e Sou th tra nfe pt o f Wincbefte r ca th e dra l i s a co ffin-fa f hioned tomb of
gre y m a rble , h a ving on the l id a crofs floré o f this i ha p e a nd rou nd the l e dgein de e p cu t le tte rs th is infcription .
H ic ja ce t Wi l lie lmu s de B a fyng, quondam p riori ftiu s e ccl e fize , cuju s a nimze prop itie tu r De u s .86 qu i p ro a n im a eju s ora ve rit t re s a nnos 8C
qu inqu a ginta di e s indu lge ntize p e rcip ie t.
C odn ln. Lcl. Il l . p . 89. s Rudde r's Glocefie rfli ire , p. 74“
Wi l l i s, a nd the Hifioria ns of Winche i’te r, re fe r -it to the fe cond p rio r, o f
the n a me o f W I LL I AM DE BA S ING, who d ie d 1 2 9 5 .
“
H is pre de ce fl'
or of bothh is n ame s, who d ie d 1 2 8 4, i s fuppofe d to l ie a t h is right h a nd in a p la in tombo f the fa me ma te ri a ls withou t e rofie r or infcription .
The'
p l a inO
a l ta r-tomb in the fou th wa ll of the La dy u nde r 1 2 84 .
a n a rch Opening in to Be a u ch amp’s ch a pe l, a do rne d wi th fhie lds in qu a t re fo i l s
,
which fome p l a ns a fiign to bifhop W IKEHAMPTON, who d ie d in 1 2 89, i s byMr. Le thie u l li e r mor e p roba bl y a fcribe d to fome of bilh op BEA UCH AMP
’S famil y,o f whom he re a ft e r. I t i s not u n l ik e l y tha t the mifia k e a rofe from Le l a nd’s
p l a cing bi ihop W ik e ha mp ton a t the right h and of bifh op Longe fp e e . It is mo (t
p roba ble he me a n s th a t bo th Wilt e h ampton a nd Bra nde fion (who die d 1 2 8 7)we re cov e re d by m a rble fl a bs .
The church o f Weftmin/te r re ce i ve d a dd it ion a l embe l l ifhme nt 1 2 90 from the ] 2 90 ,
tomb o f qu e e n ELEANOR, confo rt o f Edwa rd 1. He r figu re i s of copp e r gi l t, o n” XX”
a ta ble t’
o f the fa me . He r l e ft h a nd l a id lightl y o n he r bre a lt hold s he rXXHL
co l l a r ; whi le h e r right fa l l s gra ce fu l l y on he r .drape ry,'
a nd. p e rh a p s
_h e ld he rfce ptre . He r h e a d i s a dorne d with a co rone t o f fle u rs-de - l i s a nd t re fo i ls, u nd e rwhich he r ha ir fa l ls in ringl e ts down he r n e ck . H e r d ra pe ry confifis o f a c lofe
ma nt le , the l a tt e r fpre a ding from h e r (bou lde rs, a nd me e ting a ga in a bou t.
he r
gown a nd kne e s , ove rrun s he r fe e t . Unde r he r he a d a re two cu lh ions e n a me l le dwi th l ion s a nd e nfi le s, a nd a t he r fe e t two l ion s, one o f which h a s be e n a lmoft co
v e re d by th e bu i ld ing o f He n ry V’s ch a p e l . Ov e r he r h e a d a ca nopy n ich o f
the fame me t a l , the corne r p a rt o f which h a s be e n torn a wa y, a s a pp e a rs by two
ho l e s rema in ing in the t a ble .
S a ndfo rd fa ys, th a t he r {ta tu e on he r crofs a t W a lth am re fembl e d th i s . I t i s
ce rt a in l y a de l ica te figu re o f a be a u t i fu l l a dy.
The tomb i s of Su ffe x ma rble , ch a rge d wi th the a rms o f Engl a nd, C a ftil e a nd
Le on qu a rte rly, a nd Ponth ie u ’
, e a ch twice re p e a t e d, h a nging from o a k le a ve s,in demiqu a tre foil a rch e s, whofe pe d ime nts a nd fyn i a l s a re l ightl y fmfte d a nd
t e rmin a te d wi th fo l i a ge . The fa me ftyle o f o rna me nt a pp e a rs to the fh ie lds
on th e tomb a nd th e cro fs .
l tin . I II.
On the fouth (ide Engla nd, C a flile a nd Le on, Pomhicu , e a ch twice . At the he a d Engla nd. On the north fide
Pont l i ie u , C a ll il e a nd Le on . Engl a nd, Ponthie u, C a ll ile a nd Le on. Engla nd .
3
[ 64 ]
On th e e dge o f the copp e r t a ble , wh ich is e n ame l le d with l ions, a nd the
a rms o f Engl a nd a nd G a ti l le in loze nge s, is th i s infcrip tion , in ca p i ta l s o f the
t ime ,
lCl GY STELIKNORj'
RDl S R€YN€ D6 ENGLGTGRGFGMMGKLR6 €D€W€RDFIZ L6 R
OVNTIF. D€L”
ALCDG D€ Ll D€V PVR 5 7? PITG GYT CDERCI’.
Ove r a l l is a woo de n ca nop y, the ce i l ing o f 1 4, comp a rtme n ts . 011 th e nort h
fide wa s p a in te d a fe pu lch re , wi th two monks a t the fe e t, a nd a t the h e a d
a n a rme d kn ight a nd th e V irgin M a ry ; the tomb a nd figu re s in robe s a nd a rm
mou r a t its h e a d, two o r thre e ju lt v il ibl e ; the figu re s a t fe e t, on e wi th a fcrol l ,
ju lt v ifibl e ; the re lt bid by the monume n t of Eith e r de l a Tou r de Gove rn e t .Ove r i t, on the lowe r l e dge o f th e tomb, in mode rn bl a ck ca p it a l s, th i s l in e , nowe nt i re l y de fa ce d, e xce p t the words in Roma n a nd th e d a t e .
Regina Al ia /70m, con/or: Edva rdi primi f uit Alia nora , 1 29 8 . t ce mori .
C a mde n a nd We e v e r a dd two long rhyming e p i t a phs, in L a t in and Engl i lh , which we re p roba bl y p a int e d o r infcribe d on a pp e nd a n t t a ble t s .This prince fs wa s on l y chi ld to Fe rdin a nd Il l . king of C a ftile , by his fe condwi fe
d a ught e r o f john e a rl of Pon th ie u , a nd p a te rn a l filte r to Alphonfo h is fucce fl’
or
in the crown o f C a fiil e . She wa s ma rri e d to Edwa rd I . wh e n pri nce , a nd on l y
fift e e n ye a rs o ld, a t Bu re s in Sp a in, 1 2 5 4 , 3 9 H e nry III. wa s crowne d wi th
h im,a nd l ive d 3 6 ye a rs the p a rtne r o f h is trouble s a nd e xp e d it ion s e ve n in to
the Ho l y L a nd . The fiory o f he r fa ving his l ife by fuck ing the poifon ou t
o f the wound gi v e n him by a Sa ra ce n a ffa f fin is firft qu ote d by0C a mde n
from Rode ric a rchbifhop o f To le do , who, a s h imfe l f te ll s u s, wrote his hifiory
in 1 24 3 , wh ich wa s twe n t y ye a rs be fore thi s e ve n t h a ppe ne d ; nor coul d biIhOpTa nn e r find i t in th a t hiftory.
H em ingford3 e x pre fs ly f ays, th a t the gra nd ma il e r of the temp le imme
d ia te l y fe n t the prince p le n t y o f p re ciou s d rugs to {top the p rogre fs o f the poifo n ;bu t a mortifica tion be ing a pp re h e nde d a n
-Engl ifh phyficia n u nde rtook to cu t ou t
the ba d fle lb , in the pre fe nce of the nobi l i t y a nd th e prince fs, who, not be inga bl e
_to {l a nd the ope ra tion , the p rince o rde re d Edmund a nd john tle Ve fe y to
le a d h e r o u t,who to ld he r i t wa s be tte r fh e l hou ld we e p th a n a l l Engl a nd .
W ik e s ‘ on ly fa y s he u‘
a s h e a le d by [be gra ce of Ca ri/l . Edwa rd’s a ffe ction for h isconfort wa nts no e mbe l l iih me nt or induce me nt o f th i s fort. The monume nts
e re cte d by h im to he r me mory, on the p l a ce s wh e re he r corpfe re li e d in i t s
p rogre fs from l l e rdby in L inco lnth ire toW e fiminfie r, no l e fs th a n thirte e n in
numbe r, o fwhich on l y thre e n ewrema in, a re fo m a n y memori a l s of conjuga llo v e u np a ra l l e le d in a n y o the r kingdom
5. H e h a d by he r fe ve n te e n childre n,
five fon s a nd twe l v e d a ughte rs . H e rema ine d a widowe r n ine y e a rs, a fte rwh ich , in 1 299 , h e
.
took to h is fe cond wife M a rga re t filte r of Ph i l ip L e B e l ,a nd e lde lt d a ught e r o f Ph il ip l e H a rd i k ing o f Fr a nce , with whom he l i ve de ight y e a rs, a nd by whom h e h a d th re e chi ld re n . She furvive d h im te n y e a rs,a nd dying I 3 1 7 , wa s bu rie d in th e Gre y Fri a rs of
'
he r own fou nd a t ion a t London .
This he ro ic p rince i s ce le bra te d by a l l h iftori a ns a s a p a tte rn of ch a fiity ; a n d i ti s rema rk a ble th a t we find no n a tu ra l childre n of his on re cord.
Da rt omit: the Ia fl line . Brita nnia , Middle fe x .
I’. 59 1. de di t c i p re tiofa qu z que libe re ne infufum ve ne num noce re t , a : ne in inte riora a fce nde re t.P . 97.
In omni loco 8c v illa quibu s corpus p a ufa ve rit juflit re x tmce m cum t a bu l a tu e rigi a d re ginz memoria m ut a tra n f.
e un tibus pro ejus a n ima de pre ca tu r, in qu a e ruce fe e it ima gine m re gine de pingi. Wa l li ngh. Y pod. Ne uflri ir , p . 4 77.
Hill . p . 5 5 . Hemingford , p . 1 1 . me ntions only thofe a t Cha ring a nd We itminfle r. H e a ddl , tha t the king eve ryW e dn e fda y fo r a whole ye a r a d qu tmmnqu e l emme/e dit
'e r fe rn ,
"
ga ve a pe nny a pie ce to a ll the poor tha t ca mefor it : a nd a t the e nd o f the ye a r (e ttle d a ce rta in reve nue on the a bbey a t c lmiufle r, to Ce le bra te he r a uni
I nd dill rib ute the like dole the re on .
‘
f 66 .j.
windowUnder a fumptuou s ma rble ce no ta ph , or al tar monume nt, wh e re on'
v'
ril s
h qu e e n’ s e ffigy , a t fu l l l e ngth , of gi lde d bra fs, accord ing to bifhop Sa nde rfon’s
a ccou nt‘
p rin te d in Pe ck's De fide ra ta C u riofa Vl l l . I .
“This tomb flood clbfewith the fe e t to the wa l l, a nd No rth to the tomb of Oh
'
th e
ma rble on the Sou th we re 3 e fcu che ons .
” Mr. Pe ck right ly a pp re h e nde d the fe
e foo che ons we re , 1 . Engla nd, 2 . C a fiil e a nd Leo n qu a rte rl y, 3 . Ponthi e u :This infcription Wa s on the e dge , in l a id in bra fs
>l‘ DIE : 6VNT : SGPVL’
I‘
A VIEGRA ALIANORG VONDAO) R e t e
VXORIB : RGEIS : GDVARDI FlLll RGEIS DENRlEl I] JVS : ANICDQ‘
: PRO
PIEIGTVR : DGVS KODGN PATGR NOSTGR.
So i t rema ined 1 64 1 .
It ( ha t e d th e fa te of ma ny o th e rs in th e civ i l wa r ; bu t the re {ti l l rema ins abe a u t i fu l fra gme n t o f the ch a pe l in which it flood, a t the B a it e nd of the choir.’
l‘
he pofition a ffigne d i t in the p l a n p re fixe d to Browne W i l l is‘ a ccoun t of thisca the dra l is on th e Sou th fide of wh a t i s the re ca l le d Robe rt Lord B a dl e fme re 'stomb. I t is de fcribe d the re p . 6 . a s h a ving he r e ff igie s in bra fs, e x a étl y l iketh a t on he r monume n t in W e f’tminfi e r- a bbe y. Se e the dr a ught o f i t in Sa ndfo rd, a nd th e in fcription in the fa me a utho r .
” The re a re no tra ce s le f t in the
p a veme n t on th i s fpot o f a ny monume nt h a v ing ftood he re , e xce pt a fort ofr i fe or foo t p a ce in fron t o f the Ba dl efme re tomb, wh ich , from the too l ing a t?
o f a co rne r, fe ems to h a ve be e n ca rrie d h igh e r the re ; but if i t ha d be e n ra ife d,
it mu ft h a ve e n t ire l y hid th e a rms on th a t monume nt, which ce rt a inl y mu ll:
h a ve be e n op e n , a t le ni‘r a t its firfl: pu tt ing u p . Almofi clofe a djoining to this
proj e cting k ind o f foot-p a ce (not v a fily u n l ike the be nch kind of fe a t Ca rri e d
a long the o the r monume n t, a nd inde e d the chu rch itfe l i’) a re two re ce n t gra veitone s o f 1 7 5 7 a nd 1 7 5 9 . If the Qu e e n
’s tomb h a d re ma in e d to l a t e a s bi
t p Re yndlds’s t ime , a t whofe e x pe nce W il l is
’
s ichnogra phy is fa i d to ha ve be e nt a k e n, it mu tt h a ve e x iite d with in the memo ry of {cin e p e rfons nowli ving.
The k ing ga ve the de a n a nd ch a p te r 1 00 ma re s more to fupport th i s ch a nt ry,wh e re by the y pu rcha fe d the ma nor of N a ve nby, a ma rke t town ne a r Litico ln ; which m a ne r i s fii l l e njoye d by the De a n a nd Cha pte r of Linco ln .
H e r h e a rt wa s bu ri e d in the chu rch of the Fri a r s Pre a che rs a t LondonThe croffe s e re cte d to he r memory we re a t H e rdby, Lincoln, Newa rk,
Le icej/l e r, Geddington, Nortba mpton,’
Stone) Stra tford, Dun/i a ple , St.Alba n’r, Wa l a
zba m, Cbe a pfide , Cba ring, a nd byWg/iminfler. Pe ck a dds thre e more , a t ,
Gra n
tba m, Sta mford, a nd Woburne ‘
. Of the fe now rema in on l y-
thofe a t Nortb
a mpton , Geddington, a nd Wa ltba m. Howthi s l a tte r p l a ce ca me to be a fta tion
be twe e n St. Alba n's a nd London i s nor e a fy to conce i ve ; bu t the crofs a étu a l l ye x ift-ing pu ts i t ou t of doubt th a t i t wa s to.
E LEANOR, mo th e r of Edwa rd I . die d th e fame ye a r, ou Midfumme rl da y, a tAmbre fbu ry, whe re (he h a d l i ve d a nu n n ine te e n ye a rs. H e r {on be ing
'
in Sco tl a nd, fh e wa s ke p t u nbu rie d t il l the L a dy-d a y fo l lowing,
“myrrba ta me r: a t
a roma ticir pr e l iqfir Iim’
ta ma gnifice a t de t a it e t pe rurzfia .
”She Wa s the n bu rie d
with‘
du e pomp , he r fon a ffifl ing, in Ambrg/bury mon a ftry chu rch . He r h e a rt inthe chu rch o f the Fri a rs mindrs, a t London 3
.
\Va lfmghum, Hifl . Angl. sgl . Wike r, ( 1 3 .
G ra ntha m a nd Sta mford we re “a ge s . Mr. Howgn ve (3 73 the re wa s a Qge e n’s crofs “S tamford ; a n d the like
is a ffirme d o f Gra ntha m, a nd tha t it fl ood in the open pla ce in the London roa d : a nd 1 fa n a done ca rve d withfolia ge wo rk , a nd fa id to be pa rt of it, a nd I be lieve it, fu min g o f tha t fa n ofwork. l f fo , th e n Newa rk a nd Le ice fl e rmud be le ft ou t, a nd they tra ve lle d with the Que e n
's corpfe by wa y of Oundle to Ge ddington from Stamford. I fop
l e the pre fe rs : London ro a d from Sta mford be ing unpa ilhhlc, o r no t ha ving a t tha t time roya l fe a ts, ma tron , or
a bbie s. by the wa y fufficie nt to e nte rt a in the ca va lca de . Mr. Pe e k, in his Sta mfo rd Anna ls , “Te rt Gra nth am a nd
Stamford to be two o f the finge r, a nd whe re crofl'
e r we re cra fted : no doubt tha t a t Gra ntham flood in the ope nLondonroa d, be fo re my ne ighbour Ha cke t
’n hoofe , ca lle d Pe te rohurch-hi ll, a nd the pe opl e ha ve fame me nwry of it. C amden ,
who doubtlt fs ha d fe e n them, in his Rema ins , p. “6, infe r“Gra ntham a nd Stamford ? Mt . Pe ck pub in Wobnme ,be twe e n Dunfla ble a nd St . Alba ns , on wha
‘
r a u thority I knownot. c d ington wa s a ma nor of the king’s . (Va Rog.
hono ris Richmond , p . S tuke ley It. Cun l . 34 . 36. 2d e dit.Ann. \Va ve rl . p . 3 4 1 . Wike s
,I 3 } .
5
t 65
Trad i tion li iirie s W l LLiAii hit Lit CORN ER, bifhop of who die d r z gé.
£290, in the middle o f the choir; ii'
e a rly under the eagle.
in the door-Wa y o f the La dy-ch a pel a t Sa d/bu ry, a nd under i ts (creen, i s
i monfirou s blue fla b o f two {tone s 1 6 feet 8 inche s l ong'by 7 feet 8 inches
broa d, fu l l o f t races of bra fs ca nopy wo rk , which fe ems to have belonged to bifhdp NLCl-LOLAS. DE LONGFSPEE, {on of the earl before ment ioned, p . 4 1 , who’
d ied‘
i i 957. [t i s. thu s de fcribe d by Godwin“: Prope p a trem ja ce t (e pul tos
j lu xta ingre fl'
um ca pe l lze B . Ma rita fa xo ingent i marmoreo con texto s, l a min isk‘
a reis f_
a'
ti1 il i:e fu ze infign ibu s a ffa bré orn ato.
” Le l and withou t fi x ingihe fpot Whe rie i t is; gives the following infcri ption. on i t, or rather p erhap s'
a ccount of it.‘
fSub boc l a pide ”imiritor'
e a de/upa r infra /pro buma tum e/t corpm reve rendi pa l ri:4‘ Nimla i Lofige/pe , quonddm
'
Sa ra m apt/com, qu'
i p lum’
ma bm'
c coma /i» e cc/qfie , ct
oéiit'
. i 8 mmf. Ma i}; A’
. D. I e g i‘. e x cujus pa rte o u/tx a /ija ce t Roam“, Wic
ba r/mm; e x p a r te bor e a li He nricu : Bra nde/burn r a ging/cit .”
The mdnti tri e ri t'
0T a rchbilh op P'
EéKHAM, who d ied 1 2 9 2 , a nd wa s bu rie d t z g z .in ihe north tra nfe p t of the n ave at Ca n te rbury, i s another in li a nce of co rre fpon
dence in d yl e with thore o f Edmund Crouchback a nd Val ence. The alt artomb is adorned with the images o f n ine bif hops , in their habit s, wi th crofie rs
a nd mit res, a nd the pi l lars o f the arch with eight more ; the arch is radi atedl ike that o f Va l ence, a nd the mou ld ing both o f arch a nd ped iment foliaged, a nd
in the ped ime nt a rich role in a fe x fo i l a nd ci rcle. The figu re o f the a rchbilh op
is of oak, in pa ntifica l ibw,on a fla b of oak, very fou nd, though a lmoft 5 00
years o ld , if origin a l l y made for th is tomb, which , fays Mr. Gofi ling s,fome
h ave doubted . I knownot on what au thori ty, fince other oak figu res occur inchu rches, a nd thofe of fimple kn ights
'
woul d fca rce be received.
In Na rburgb chu rch, Norfolk, i s a half flame of a lady, a foot long, 1161 1 293 .
head dre fs antique, a nd he r hands hold ing a he art on he r break . lrtfirip tion
DOCDINA AEATDA A NARBOROVED.
A MS . a ccoun t temp . El iz . men t ion s her 1 3 93
Next follows the e le gan t monume n t of'
AvBLrNE counte fs of La nc a smn ,
Wi fe. o f Edmund Crouchback , on the North fide o f the choir at We flm infle r.
Mr. Da rt, for re a fons be fiknown to himfe l f, ha s thought fit to engrave onl y thea l tar p a rt o f i t, which is the moft inconfide ra ble p art ; a nd Sandford
,wi th Hol
l ar's. a fli f‘
ta nce , h a s not don e th e re lt jufiice . The figu re of the Counters, wortthy a Grecian fcu lptor, a nd the finifli ing of the arch above,with its fol iage, a ndenamelled blazon ry, were re fe rve d for the hand of Mr. Ba fire a nd I congra tul ate the Societ y o f Ant iqu aries on the fortun ate opportu n i t y of hav ing thi s
p e rfe ét mode l o f monument al a rchite éture t aken be fore i t wa s cloibd up again .
it i s with the ntmofi re luéta nce I call: th is refl‘
e é‘
tion on the membe rs of the
chap ter at We fiminfle r in 1 7 76. I t ha d be en th a t u p from the a re a by the
tomb of bifhop Du ppa , 1 66 2 which gave pl a ce , 1 77 2 , to that of LordLigon ier ; wh ere the chubby mufe of modem hifiory, fu rrounded wi th drum,blunde rbufs, a nd thunder, a nd l ean ing a ga infi a pyra mid, hung roun d with
He a rn e de fu ibe s a fla b9 fe e t long a tAldworth, Be rks , wh ichhe mie n to the (M EEdu a rd HI. Rope r'nMorn .
p . 249. Ed.Richa rds . p , 3 4 7. It. l l ]. 63,
A mifla kc for All a i te r the da te , though give n inHa gue a t part of the cplg phjwcq rmhcr tobe the wordsof Le l a nd .
P. 1 30. Blu r.NO“.mo "00
medal l ions
1 2 9 5 .
PhXXIV.
1 295 .
[ 3 8 ]
medal lions of th re e George s, his Lordfli ip‘
s ma fte rs , ho lds forth his vié‘torie s .on
a fcro ll , a nd h a s h is head in a rondeau at her feet.
On the north fi de of th e chancel at Ea rI’J Colne , c. Eife x , is a n al t ar-tomb
o f fre e ftone , embatt led, the t abl e o f grey marble. In double Compartme nts
in fron t a re the a poftl e s ; St . Peter on l y di(i ingu lfha bl e at the head , the otherdefaced, perhap s St . Pau l a nd St
.Thomas . A fre e fione figure in armou r,
crofs- legged, once , as wel l as the whole monumen t, r ich l y pa inted a nd
gi lded, h is arms broken, l ies on th e tomb ; a round helmet o n h is he a d'
,
u nder wh ich are re mains of angels : at h i s feet a boar, ve ry wel l pre fe rve d,Between e ach p air of a poftl e s a three-fide d t abernacl e, with purfle d frontoon s,a nd iii the fp a ndri ls fhi e lds a nd birds.This i s the monumen t of ROB ERT Ve nn, fifth earl of Oxford,
'who marrie dAl ice daughte r of Gilbert de Samford, a nd d ied 2 4 Edward l .
_
The workma nfhip of the tomb fa r e x ce ll s thofe o f h is pre de ce fl‘
ors . Monué
men t s in many chu rches in Engl and began abou t th is to be made more fp le ndidt han thofe of the foregoing ages. Tha t .nobl e on e ere cted by Edward I . to his
father in W e ftminfie r-abbey might perh ap s be one ca u fe of i ntroducing thi s
t afi e.The arms on thi s tomb a fce rt a in the t ru e owner. They are a s fol lowAt the head 3 l ion s. Engla nd.
0. a lion ramp an t G . ly'
a be lla h e ire fs toWalter de Bo/ebe c, grandmother to thi s e arl .
At the feet Ve re , fingl e .
Arg. 3 feires wave y . Alice daughte r a nd he ire fs to Gilbert deSamford, a nd wif e to this ear l.
bn the Sou th fide Q . Sa mjbrd.
G . a l ion ramp an t O. as a t the he ad.
Two fed'
es G. a nd 5 ton e a u x in ch ief.
Vere , with a labe l o f five po ints, p robably the bearing of hi s e lde ft fon .
Ve re , in a border engrai led S . This wa s the coat of H ugb his fe cond (on, a s
on his feal to th e baron’ s l etter to the pope .
The arms on the North fide, nowfixed a ga in (t th ewal l, we re e x a a ly the famea s on
'
the Sou th . They are-a l l t aken from a MS . de fcrip tion, accompany ing
Dan iel Kings d raught, made 1 65 3 , a nd now in Mr. W alpo l e’s pofl
'
e fli on , bywhofe favou r it i s here exh ibited, Pl . XX IV, a nd unde r it a fk e tch of the famemonumen t, ta ken by Mr. Tyfon, 1 76This tomb wa s removed, at th e difl
'
olution, from the p riory ch apel, in to the
p a rilh chu rch, a nd p l aced in the middle of the chancel , but wa s a fe cond t imefinal l y removed a s it nowfia nds a ga inft the No rthwal l of the chancel .
The monume nt of URI E N DE Sr . PLERE, who d ied 5 , 2 3 Edward .L
wa s difcove re d x 765 , on removing fome rubbifh in the chu rch-y ard, nearSt. Pe re , the feat of Morgan Lewis, Efq. in Monmou thihire , on the Severn, .a
l ittl e Sou th of Che pf’tow. It is a coffi n-fa fhione d fione, Wi th a crofs in re l e if
a nd by its fide a long fword. Round the ledge is cu t th i s infcription in Sa x onca p ita l s .
Icl GTI‘ LE CORS V DE SGNG P€Re
PRGGZ PVR Ll €N BONG MANGREIGSV PVR SA PAl SVNG PJ) €C€Z Ll DONC PARDVN. AMGN. RP.
[ 69 ]
So i t i s given by Mr. Strange '. B u t th e firfiword in the th i rd l ine, Fe , is
p robabl y mifcopie d for kE'. In PbGCe Z the 13 ma y be added by mif
’take, for
fome fcra tch or mark, or a mif-fpe l l ing o f'
the (l one-cu t ter, a nd in that l in e
DONC i s p robabl y DONG. The two l a fl letters, if intended for Price , are
much ou t of p l ace . Q. If not rather mifcop ie d for P. n. Pa te r No/te r ; whichwords a l one, or with Aw, are no u nu fu a l conclu fi on o f o ld ep i taphs . The
blank after the V (eems to have aff orded room for VR or VRIEN. SENEma y ra ther be S€NC .
The party whofe remain s were covered by th is home wa s a kn ight, who l ivedin the reign o f k ing Hen ry Il l . a nd l eft behind him at h is death by h is wifeMargaret a fon of h is own n ame 1 6 years of age . He al fo wa s a kn ight
, a nd
h a d iffu e John d e St. Pere, who fu cce e de d his father 8 Edward 111. a nd wa s the
l a fi heir male of his famil y . His fi ll er a nd h e ire fs l fa be l married Sir Wa lterde Coke fe y, kn ight, who d ied 3 0 Edward 111. a nd lh e d ied 6 Hen ry IV.
Mr. Pe gge , to whom a neat drawing of th is a nd another {ton e fou nd wi th i twa s fen t by Mr. Perry of Live rpool e , which he inferred in the Gent leman ’sMagazine for 1 765 , Vol . XXXV . p . 7 2 , fuppofe d the
‘
o th e r ftoné, adorned
wi th a crofs fie uré held by a hand, a nd hav ing birds a nd be a fts at it s fides,covered Margaret . There being no criteri a to a ffi ft u s in a ffign ing i t, i t ma y
a s wel l h ave belonged to a ny other pe rfon for the 1 0 p el lets at the top , wh ich
my worthy friend fuppofe d al luded to her hu fba nd’
s arms, are very doubtfu l .
The hu fba nd of Avel ine, EDMUN D earl of LANCASTER, fe cond fon of king 1 296'
Hen ry III. born , a s Matthew Paris ’1 24 5 , a s W ykes 3 1 2 4 4 , vu lgar l y cal led
Crouchba ck q. d . Crojtba ck, from his hav ing been figne d with the crofs for
a crufa de , 5 4 Hen ry III5, has a no l e fs fp l e ndid tomb than that of his confort
fromwhich it is fe p a ra te d on l y by that of Aymer de Valence earl of Pembroke,whol ies at her feet . In thi s monumen t I knownotwhich molt to admi re the freefion e figure of the ea rl in armou r lai d on one fide towards the choir, with around helmet, coat o f mai l, a nd furco a t, hands joined, long fword, h i lt a ndfhie ld gone, legs croffe d, a nd bu tt ing a ga in (t a lion
6
, his head fupporte d byangels ; the e l egan t l itt l e fia tu e s at the fid e s, te n on each, rcpre fe nting hi s
a l l i ances, or the airy trip le canop y, wi th al l it s fin ia ls , frofiingsh fia tu e s,en amel l ing, emblazon ry, a nd other el egant decoration s, a nd above al l, the boldbeau t ifu l rel ief in a trefoil in the larger p ed iment of the earl on horfe ba ck, h abit ed as hereafter, holding his fhie ld, his horfe t rapped armoria l l y.
The canop y of done over th is tomb confi its of three t refoi l~ po inie d
arches, one in the centre, a nd on e lofl'
e r on each fide of i t. Each o f the fe
arches is fu rmou nte d by a doubl e ped imen t, fe p a ra te d from the arches by a
p il a fte r, which flop e s back in three fe ve ra l fiories, a nd is pain ted white, chequ ered
wi th doubl e re d l ines, in every other fqu a re of which is a red cinqu efoi l (the
Archz o l. V. p . 76, 71
E 63 5. P. 4 5 .No t a s Vince nt conte nds from his fig ure , a nd tha t the e p ithe t ofGibbofiu is giv e n him in a l l re cords. The de fe a
in his lha pe'i t e x pre fs ly de n ie d by Ha rd ing, c. 147. a nd one ma y juflly doubt the infcrl ion o f fobrique tt in publ ic
records . S a ndford, p. t og.fa y-t he ha d this na me from the bowing of hi: ba ck ; but pre fe ntly a dds, Othe rs fa y he
wa s fo de nomina te d fromhi s we a ring a crofs (a n tie ntly ca l l e d a cr ouch) upon his ba ck , whic h wa s ufunl lyworn by fucha s vowe d voya ge s to je rufa lem, a n he ha d done 54. H e nry l l l . grounding the ir conce i t: upon the word ( roufb (thewoode n fupport e r of impote nt a nd l a me me n, ma de l i k e a crofs a t the top ) fu rthe r confirming the ir opin ion from the
n a me of Croucbrd-jria rt , tha t wore a croft upon the ir ga rmen ts, a nd bore the ct ofx for the ba dge a nd ami t of the irhoufe .
"
5 Pa t. 54 K eml l l . m . 8 . whe n Wyke n (Chron. fa ys, 107 pe rfont ca ra fl ar‘c ( "11 t blffll tf fll fun a dv-unborn.
Se e B ogd- I. 473 . Kn ighton ,Not two, a s in Da n ’
s Print.
two u pp e rmofl flope s fe rv ing as a ba re to a poin ted flowered n iche) a nd termis
n ates in a rich pu rfle d fi n ia l . The mou ld ings at the fou r angles, or weatheri ngs, o f the le fl
'
e r p ediments , a s wel l as the two o f the greater, are decorated
with bu nches o f oak l eaves , a nd from among thofe o f the cent re ped imen t
p rojeét fou r brackets, which original ly fupporte d as many angel s , whole length ,in a ft a nding pofturc, a s e x pre if e d in Sa nd ford
’
s p rin t . Each ped imen t termi
n ates in a bouqu et o f oak leaves . The grou nd of the large ped imen ts is p ain ted
o f a dark blu e fprink l e d wi th golden fle u rs d e l is . The fp a ndril s a nd inte rfiice s
h ave al fo been p ain ted wi th p l ain grounds, or fol iage, a nd the arch work of
the p il a fte rs in l ai d wit h p ieces o f blu e a nd re d Rained gl a fs, fe t in fo fi rm acemen t that i t i s not e a fy to diflodge the fma l le i’t p i ece wi thou t cracking it .W i thin the point of the l e fl
’
e r p ediment s are carved in h igh rel i ef a bunch ofo a k leaves iffu ing from a (talk, a nd a head o f a n an imal fu rrou nde d by fol iage,bearing fome difta nt re fembl a nce to the modern cherub wi th for wings . Thein fide or c i e l ing of the canopy wa s a fk y with (tars, in gold, on a blu egrou nd, by t ime changed into a du l l re d ; a nd wi th in th e leaves o f the t re
foi l of the arch were p ainted the v ine tendri ls a nd elegant fol iage a s on Avel ine’s
monumen t .The infide of the weatherings o f a l l the fix p edimen ts are painted a nd gil t
in di(l empe r, with coats of arms, in oblong fqu a re s, thofe on the cen tre or large
p edimen t, which h a s n ineteen on each fide , being d i v ided by a red fqu a recharged with a fix foil . They fe em to h ave been the arms princip al l y o f theroyal hou fe s to wh ich the earl wa s al l ied, as thofe on th e leffer ped imen ts are ofthe p rincip al nobi l i t y o f the time when he l i ved, who were p robabl y hi s p a rticu l a r friends, a nd accompan ied him in thewars . On the W e lt or righ t f ide o fthe cent re p ed imen t, beginn ing at the bottom, a nd going upward s to the fin i al,are the fol lowing cda ts .
x . G a fcfs between 6 crofs crofsl e ts Or. B e a ncba mp earl ofWa rwick.
2 . O . 3 bend lets Az . a bordu re G. Pontbie u . The arms o f the Counte fs of
Pa n/bie n, mother o f qu een El eanor, Crou chba ck’
s flfie r- in- l aw.
3 ; O . a l ion ramp an t Az . Re dfv e rr e a rl of De von, the fami l y of the motherof Av e line de For/lbw, his firfiCoun tefs .
4 . A. a l ion G . qu artering S . a l ion ramp an t O .
5 . as 2 . Pontbie n.
6 . O. a fp read eagle S . Fr ede rick 11. Empe ror of Ge rma ny,who married l/a be ldaughter of king j a l m, C rouchba ck
’
s au n t .0 4 p a l e tts G . Ele a nor of Prov ence , Crouchba ck
’s mother .
3 l ion s of England wi th a bendlet Az . Tbe a rm'
s afe d by f obn firyl fimofH e nry II . a fte rwa rd: king . Mr. Brooke rather takes th i s coat to be th at o fH e nry of Monmontb, C rouchba ck
’
s fe cond (on, afterwards earl o f L a nca fie r,who p robabl y m ight erect the monumen t .
9 . Qu art er l y of 4 , 1 8c 4 G . a catt le Or. 2 3c 3 A. a l ion ra mp an t P. Cq/l ilequ art ering Le on .
t o . 3 l ion s . Engl a nd, wi th a l abel of 5 po int s, Az . e ach charged with 3fie u rs de l i s Or. Croucbba ck
’
r own arms .I I . O . a L ion ramp an t S .
1 2 . Croucbba ck, a s before.I 3 . Ge rma ny, a s before.
‘
1 4 . Engla nd.
I 5 . Pontbie u .
1 6 . Ca/Iile a nd Le on .
1 7 . A2. feme e of fle urs-de- li s Or . Old Fra nce .
1 8 . Engla nd.
1 9. Old Fra nce .
7
8
[ 7 a ]
.0. l ion rampan t, .Az . Re a ‘v e rr.
A . a ben d between 6 ma rtl e tts G. Lord Fa rnirva l .Qu arterly, p e r fe fs inden ted A. a nd G. Baron Fitz -Wa rine .
O . 3 barrs G . The coat of Al ice de Romeb', L ady of Skipton cafll e , 8cc.
co . Ebor . See Dugd . B ar . vol . I . p . 8 9 . Av e line de Fortibur, the e a r l’s
firit wife, wa s cohe ir ~
ge ne ra l t o th i s l ady, a nd as fuch inherited that
cattl e, a nd other fair pofi'
e fli ons.
Furnifua l .
Broken, bu t apparen tl y h as be e n a fa ltire betwe e n 1 2 crofs crofsl e ts G .
Return ing down on the corre fponde nt or ou te rmoft weitem we athe rin gthe fin i al .
Arra gon, or Prov e nce , as before .
2 . G . a fe fs dancette betwe en 6 bil let s O. Lord B e a ucba fnp of H olt.
3 . Barry Nebu le 0. 8c G . Lord Lov e ll .
4 . Bend y of 6 0. 8: S .
5 . Re dv e rr.
6 . H aj/ings ear l of Pembroke .
7 . Fitzwa lte r .
8 . Lord Sud/qr.
The inne rmoftweathering of th e wefie rn l efi'
e r pe dimen t i s painted wi th the
fame arms e x a étl y, p l aced in the fame order as thofe in the e a fie rn l efie r
pedimen t ; bu t thofe on the oute rmoi’t d iffer, a nd are as fol low, be ginn ing a tthe bottom on the righ t-h a n d, a nd going up to the fin i al .1 . Lord Lov e ll .2 . Redfve rl
‘
.
3 . Fitz -Wa lte r .
4 . Gironny of 1 2 0. 8: S . Roa n orRaw:5 . H aj/mgr, ear l of Pembroke .
6 . Sud/gr.
7 . O. a cheveron G . Lord Staj ord.
8 . Ge rma ny .
On the fame weather ing, going down thewefie rn fide of th i s p ediment .1 . Ma nde fvill e earl o f Efle x .
2 . B e a a cba mp of Holt .
3 . B arry of 8 O. & G. Alice de Romeb', a s before .
4 . A. frett y 8c on a ch ief S . 3 bezan t s . B a ron St. fi na nd.
5 . Wa ke .
6 . H afl ingr.
8 . Barry n ebu le Or. 8: S . B lount.
Al l th e fe fh ie lds appear to have been repeated on the Sou th fide .
The figu re o f th e earl on the fron t o f the p edimen t is a me lt beau t ifu l a ndhigh fin i lhe tl rel i ef
,a nd re p re fe nts him on horfe ba clt
,armed in ma i l, a nd a
fu rco a t, on th e fron t a nd back o f wh ich are p ain ted h is arms ; hi s helmet
rou nd a nd eloi'
e up to hi s chin : h is face an imated a nd eyes open, e x pre fii ng
devot ion , perhaps a l lu ding to the Cmfa de he had j u il u ndertaken, h is handscovered wi th mai l elevated, hi s ihie ld adorned wi th his arms hu ng round h i sn eck, h is fca bbord al l o richl y ornamen ted. ‘
His horfe in a {l and ing po itu re ,
3 be au tifu l l y
t'
7 3
be a hti fu ll y dapp led with brown a nd wh ite fpots under the bel ly, his face turnedou twards, h a s the brid le on his n eck, a nd i s comp letel y covered from head tofoot , hav ing the earl’s arms on his ca p a ri fon a nd on the back pa rt of the faddle.The fou the rn fide o f the tomb given by Sandford is now clofe d u p with
the wa in fcot o f the choi r, bu t the f igu res , arms over them, thofe on theweatherings, a nd the relief o f the earl on horfe ba ck , appear ju ft the fame a stho fe on the n orth fide, excep t that when they were v iewed by Mr . Brooke,May 1gth, 1 7 8 3 , the whole h a d much more the appearance of damage a nd decaythan the north tide . This fide i s here engraved, Pl . XXV. XXVI .The fh ie lds over the l itt le figu res on the
_
fou th face of the tomb pre fe rve d inHol l ar’ s p rin t o f i t in Sandford wi l l a fli ft in a fce rta in ing the p e rfons they re p refent . They are, beginn ing from the Weft, a nd two over each figu re, in thefp a ndrils o f i t s arch, as fol low.
1 . Engla nd tingle. King H e nry Il l .{2 . Engla nd under a label of 5 poin ts . Croucboa ck.
3 . Qu arterly , Ca/tile a nd Le on.
Le on f ng l e. Seme of fleu rs de l is, u nder a label of 3 poin ts, G . chargedwith as man y
ca i’cl e s . Arta i ;r for B la nco, C rouchba ck’s fe cond wife, queen ofNa va rre ,
cou n te fs p alat ine of Compe ign e a nd B rie .6. Engl a nd.
7 . A l ion ramp ant in a bordu re bezan te . Earl of Cornwa ll.8 . 4. pa l lets . Prov e nce .
9 . A cro fs p atonce vaire . Av e line daughter of Willia m de Fou ibur, Crouchback’s fi rfi wi fe.
1 0 . Engl a nd u nder a label of 5 po in ts, Az . ea ch charged with three fle urs del is, Or . Croucboa ck .
1 I . Pa l y o f 6 a bend vaire .
1 2 . A fp re a d eagle. Frede rick l l . emp eror of Ge rma ny.
1 3 . Barry o f 8 , A St G. 1 0 ma n l e ts, S . Cba wortb.
( 4 . Eng l a nd, u nder the former labe l .
1 5 . Engl a nd de bru ife d by a bend . H e nry of Monmoutb, the earl’s fe cond (on .
1 6 . Ca/Iile a nd Le on.
1 7 . Three be ndl e tts within a bordu re. Pontbie u .
1 8 . Le on.
1 9 . Prov e nce .
2 0 . Pal y o f 6, a bend v ai re as t o . In Holl ar’s p l ate the bend appe ars
charged with 3 e a gl e tts .
}Qu een Ele a nor .
The fhie lds on the North fide a re as fol lows, 2 0 by pai rs over images .
Pal y of 6A . a nd G . a bend
a O . 4 p al lets G . Prov ence .
O.A lion ramp an t . Az . a Queen , holding a fce ptrc in her left h and, her righ ton her bre a it. Probabl y joa n Qu een of Ca/tile , Countefis of Pontbie u,
mother o f Queen Ele a nor, wife of Edwa rd I .O. 3
‘
be ndl e tts AZ. with in a bordure G. Ponrbie u .
King ; fce ptre in right han d, l eft on bre afi.
Quarterl y Ca/Iil e @9Leon . hold ing a fce ptre in he r
Engla nd, 3 Lions p a fi'
a nt guardan t, 0. her right on her bre a it.Queen Ele a nor, wife o f Edward I .
Engl a nd, wi th a label of 5 Croucbba ck. ing in his righ t ha nd
Barre A. a nd G . 8 Mart_
l ets S . Cba wortb._
in left a fce ptre .
H e nry ofMonmoutb ear l ofLe zncafte r, a ndMa ud Clm‘wortb his wifeU
[ 74 ]
t) .G
.a fpre a d Ea gl Queen , holding a fce ptie in her righ t hand,
{1 0 . As 1 . her l eft on her bre a ft.
Qu ery, if not B e a trix , Qu een o f Sicily, wife o f Cba rl e r King of Sicily,
daughter o f Raymond, Earl of Prov e nce , father o f H e n ry I l l’
s Queen .
1 1 . Engla nd, wi th a label of s poin t s 5 right hand
1 2 . A crofs p atonce v ai re . For/four. in h is l eft a fce p tre .
Croa cba a ck a nd h i s firft wife Av e lin e de For t/ba r.
0 4 pal l et s G . Prov e nce . a Qu een , holding aA a l ion ramp an t G . wi th in a border S . be fce p tre in right han d
,
z a ntée . l eft on cordon .
Sa ncbia o f Prov e nce wife o f Ricba ra' King of the Roma nr,-Ear l of
Cornwa ll .3 Qu een
,wi th a feep
t 5 . G . 3 l ion s p a ffa nt gu a rda ntO. a l abel of 5 . Croucbba ck. tre in her right hand,{1 6 . Old Fra nce u nder a l abel of 5 0. her left p oin t ing t o
the former figu re .
B l a ncb Qu een of Na v a rr e , fe cond wife of Croucba a ck.
1 7 . O . a l i on ra mp a nt'
Az . Redve rr ear l o f De v on . a Qu een as the l aft . Ele a nor1 8 . Qu arterl y Ca/til e a nd Le on . iwife o f Edwa rd I .1 9. Engla nd, u nde r a l a be l .
}a King ; fce ptre in h is l ef t h and, h i s righ t
2 0 . Engla nd, p l ain . on h is bre a ft.The figu res by the arms appear the fame on both fide s of the tomb, on l y
the arms a re invert ed in thei r order, a nd p robabl y were de fign e d to re pre fe nt
the variou s crown ed heads to whom the Ear l wa s rel ated . Bu t the arms overfume o f them do not fe em to bear rel at ion to the figu res u nderneath, who a p
p ear by thei r crown s, fce ptre s, a nd robes o f gold, to h ave been a l l in tended forroyal p e rfon a ge s .On the be lt of the earl’s fword were variou s arms enamel led .
On the bafe o f th i s tomb n ext the'
area are th e remain s of p aint ingsmuch defaced, exh ibit ing te n kn ights in fu rco a ts of arms a nd crofs bel ted,wi th bann ers, re pre fe nting p erhap s h i s expedi t ion in to the Hol y l and, the numberfu iting Mat thewParis
’s accou n t, that there wen t the Earl, hi s bro ther Edward,afterwards k ing, four earls , a nd fou r baron s ; o f wh ich m a y be d ifoove re d,
Roge r lord Cl iflord, in a fu rco a t chequ e , O a nd Az . charged wi th a fcfs G .
The Annals of W averley, 1 2 7 0 , men t ion Will ia m de Va le nce a nd Tboma r de
Cl a re , but the colors on the fu rco a ts are loft, a nd i t is wi th d ifficu l t y on e ca n
t race a ny remain s o f thei r figu res, which before the l aft coronat ion were vifibl e .
Such havoc doe s the p ubl ic ufe o f thi s venerable p i le make of i t s monumen t s inmodern t imes .The fe kn ights Mr . Brooke a nd myfe l f ju il brought to l ight b y th e fpu nge ,
J u l y 3 , All hold banners ; the firft from the Ea ft has on his bre a it afa ltire Argen t, th e fou rth cheque, the fifth a l ion rampan t ; th e
'
6th chequ e O ,
a nd AZ. over a l l a fcfs . The i r helme t s of mai l are al l vifibl e , a nd fome fwordsa nd feet .The fe figu res have bee n e ngraved by Mr. Carter in h is 5 th number o f Ant i
qu itie s , il lu i’tra te d wi th a v e rbofe det ai l by Mr . Hawkins, who fuppofe s that
the firit a nd th ird figu res, bea r ing,
crofie s on thei r bre a fi s, re pre fe nt the p rincesEdward a nd Edmund, denot ing the fe rvice they were engaged in, a nd that the fecond bore the arms of the earl s of Provence ; but unfortunatel y Mr. Hawkin s forget s that the fe bearings were arms, not badges ; a nd that the arms of Vejey, are0 a crofs S . W e n eed not fe e k for the bearers o f the fe coats o u t o f ou r owncou nt ry . Kn ighton (col . n ames among th e a fi
'
ocia te s of pri nce Edwardin th i s expe d ition john de Bre tagne, John de Ve fe v, Thomas de Clare, Roger de
7 C lyfford,
[ 7 5 ]
C lyfi'
md, Thomas de Gra ntfon , Robert le Bru s, john dc Verdon , a nd many others .Mr. Brooke takes the fe cond figu re, with the arms p a l ey a nd a bend , to be Gr a ndif a n . W e have the arms o f my? Clj ord, (Chequ e O. a nd A2 . a tefs G.) B r a ce ,0. a fal l i re a nd ch ief G . on a canton a Lion rampant .The ridicu l ‘ou s gran t of the kingdom o f Sici ly tp th is p rince by pope Inno
cent lV . p roduced the gre a te ft events, in thei r con fe que nce , that ever app earedinou r annal s . Amongft others, the a ffocia tion o f the barons a ga in (t Hen ry III.the appoin t ing confcrv a tors o f the peace in the fe vcra l coun t ies , a nd the
.
fett l ingthe democratical part o f ou r co n ftitu tion on a permane nt bal i s, by Simon Mon tfort ear l o f Le ice fte r, whilft the king wa s h is prifon e r. Three popes pra étife don the we a kn e fs o f ou r Henry -to e x tort imme nfe fums o f money from his fu b
je é‘
ts for te n years together, from 1
‘
2 5 3 ,'
when In nocent lV made the gran twhich Urban l V. revoked 1 2 63 , a t wh ich time the king, p rifon e r t o Le ice ll e r,renou nced it in form . Bu t he made ample ame nd s to his (011 fo r the lofs o f thzitk i ngdom, con ferring on h im the forfeited t it l es o f L e ice fte r a nd Derby , wi ththat o f Compe igne , a nd the fte wa rdfh ip o f Eng l and, as 11 01] as by procu ringthe rich inheritance o f W i l li am de Fortibus earl of Albemarle a nd Ho lde rne fl
'
e,
a nd his fe co nd wi fe l fa be l daughter o f Baldwin de Redvers ear l o t Devon , by themarriage .o f thei r on ly daughter a nd he
‘
ire fs Avel ine, 1 2 69 . The fe v a ft potfe f
fion s l aid the'
fo'
u nd a tion of .the ‘
gre a tne fs o f the houfe o f La nca fte r, which afterwa rds . a fce
‘
nde d the throne o f England ; a nd thu s, in the pei fou o f p ri m eEdmund, we re original l y fou nded the great con ten t ion s wh ich long l ubli ll cd between the hou fe s o f York a nd L a nca fte r.
Edmund d ied in his 5 rfbye a r ,‘
of vexation at th e de fe n ion o f his troop s fo tlwan t o f p a y at Bayonne, 1 2 96, '
on a n e x ped it ion into Ga fco igne He marri ed,
4 Edward I . to hi s fe cond wife Blanche3qu een of Navarre, coun te fs o f Com
p eigne a nd Brie, d aughter of Robert earl of Artois, brother to St. Lewi s, king o fFrance, a nd widowo f Henry king of Nav arre, who d ied 1 2 74 , a nd by her hadthree fon s .
4 No ep itaph i s g i ven for h im.
The a rms on this tomb are much the fame a s thofe on Aveline s, a nd from the
fte o f the ornamen ts a nd p a int ings i t ma y be conclu ded they were both e x ecu tedby the fame at ti li .
In St. Edmund’s chap el , l i
'
eflmin/Ie r, i s a n alta r-tomb of free {tone for 1 2 96.
W I LL IAM DE VALENCE, earl of Pembroke, fo named from the p l ace o f h is bi rth , P l .fon o f Hugh 1éBrune earl o f March , by Ifa be l widow o f king john, father o t
'
x x VIL
A ymer de Valence, a nd ha l f—brother o f Henry III. who died I_
296r hav ing ma r
r ied joan daughter o f Warine d e Mon tche ncy. H ismother wa s l fa bcl , daughtero f Aymer e a 1 l o f Angou l e fme , thi rd wife o f king John , a nd he r arms LozengeO a nd G are on th i s tomb. The two fronts o f the lower a l tar, in which , fromthe e xp re fi i on in the fe cond l ine of the ep itaph , one m a y conc l ude the body l ies,'
a re adorn ed wi th qu atrefoi l s in fqu a re s , a nd in fou r l arger fla rre d qu atrefoi l s a rethe fe fh ie lds ;Engl a nd twice, a nd twice Va le nce imp a l ing Cla remont, v i z . Barry A.
a nd A2 . 1 2 mart l ets G . imp al ing G fem‘e e o f t refoi l s 2 fifhe s indorfe d Or.
’
The fe
The onglna l go ld ma trix of the fe a l , o r a wca bu lla , which Innoce nt ga ve Edm'
urid l ice nce to ma k e a nd ufe , a nd
wh1ch'
1s cx pt e fsly re fe rre d 16 in_the prmce
's l e t te r to lm
'
n ewfubje él s , d a te d 1 26 1 , p 1‘i n tcd 1n Ry
'me f s Fa de ra l . 7 10.
is in th e poff e fi ion of,Mr All le , who ha s
‘ il luflra te d it 111 a diff crta tion infe rtcd inArcha -ol. IV. 195— 2 1 1 Whe the r
the p le ce o f go ld with the fame impre l'
i ion tre a ted o f by Mr. c ge m the fa me vo l . p 190— 194. wa s a co in or a (ca l
re ma ins fli l l cp mto difcuflion.
\V a !f1ngha m, Y pod. Ne nflr. p . 483 . Ma tth. Wcflm. p. 4 1 8.
Dugd . Ba r. 1. 779. T1l lr t, p. 107. She 1s m1fc a lle d by fome h1flor1a ns 70a ".
Sa ndfo rd , p . 105. Le ]. Co llcé} . I. 739 . C la uf. 16 Edwa rd l . m. His cldc ll (on a nd fuccctTo r Thoma s wa sbe he a de d a t re m na n t-1 the re ign o f Edwa rd l l . a nd his fe con’d [011 He nry, fue cdl or to his bro the r, d1e d 1 34 5, a nd
.wa s buried in his colle gia te '
chutch a t Le tt e fte r, which, with his monume nt, wa s de flroycd a t the diffo lution.
[ 76 ]
two coats being d imidi ated, aswa s a ntie ntl y u fu a l , make bu t one fifh, a nd 6 martl ets ; a nd the co at is o the rwi fe confu fe d . I t wa s th is earl’ s (on that ma rried to. bis
firit wi fe Beat ri x daughter o f Raou l de Claremon t feign-
cur de Ne'
il e,a nd con
fl a hle o f France but i t wa s ufu a l formerl y for the e re a or of a tomb to p l ace his
own arms thereon .
On a wa in fco t cheft above l ies the wooden figu re, covered wi th gi l t copper,in a rou nd he lmet with a ii udde d fi l l et, a nd comp l eat mai l, the fu rco a t fp rink le dwi th fix fma l l metal enamel l ed fh ie lds, fou r loft a nd one left on the bre a ft, a nd
another on the (hou lde r, al l charged with the arms o f Valence, as i s the large
(h ield oh his l eft a rm,the coat on wh ich is barry A . a nd AZ. cu rioufly d i apered ;
over al l a n orle o f mart l et s G . The helmet h a d a flowered fi l let fe t wi th fion es,nowp ickt o u t . The belt is finel y e
‘
n amel led wit h t he coat o f arms . A l ionl ies at his feet . His hand s are joined a nd elevated. The wrifi a nd elbow bandsh ave flowe rings ; the (word a nd ( hie ld are at the left fide , the h i l t of the for
me r gone, the edges o f the lat ter ferrated a nd enamel led . The fa fcia of the
cheft i s a n ename l l ed p l ate, as i s the cu ih ion u nder the head, which is rich lyornamented wi th rows o f qu atrefo ils a nd e fcu tch e ons altern atel y, charged wi ththe tingle coat s o f Eng/a nd, G . 3 l ions p a fi
'
a nt gu ardan t Or. a nd Va le nce . The che fi
wa s former l y p lated with copper, o f which on l y a l i tt l e now remain s on theedge, a nd h a d rou nd i t thi rt y fmai l images, twelve on a fide a nd th ree at each
e nd now al l gone, with the n iches. The infcrip tion in Saxon cap ital s wa s asfol lows, o n the inner edge o f the tomb :
Anglia rota dole : moritur qu ia regia prole r,
Qua flor e re /ole r, quem contine t infima mole s“
.
Gil lie /mu : nome n infigne Va l e ntia prebe t,Ce l/um cognome n na m ta le da ri fibt
'
debe t ;
f a d «v a lu it v a l idu s , o incem v i r/a te , «v a lore ,
Et pl a ru it pla e z’
a’w, fe nfa morumque o rga n ,
Drip/illi e t ba br’
lr'
r, immol a s pref /fa j’
efia nr,
U/t'
lr'
r a c burn/71’
s, de v otee ; pr emia jpe fl a nr.
Al l/[ ewe tre ce ntir cum qu a tuor inde r e te ntir
In Ma li me n/e [June ma r: proprfo fe rit e nfe .
fa l l/p e e l egit bit: repe l/e qua mfit rUl l a ple na tlmore ,Me qu e lege te moriturum @9 ne/ciur bore .
O ce la r intr e t pre cor (fie ,
Nil orde a l Iri/l e , qu ia p e rm/it omni/Jm br'
fce .
This pe rfo n , wi th h i s brother a nd fi lt er, being mu ch opprefi'
ed by the k ingo f France, wa s fon t fo r to England 1 2 4 7 by Henry l l l . who p rocu red for hima n advan tageou s match , a nd kn ighted him publ icl y at W e fiminfie r, a nd fou ryears after grant ed to him the ca ttl e a nd town of Hertford . Having, by the fe
a nd many other e x pre fli ons o f royal favou r, drawn on himfe l f the je a lou fy o fthe Engl ilh , a nd a conte il e n fu ing between the k ing a nd h is baron s, he wi thdrewto France 4 2 Hen ry III. from whence the k ing brought him back abou t threeyears after, a nd create d him earl o f Pembroke, for (0 he i s fi yle d by MatthewParis 3, in his accou n t of the bat tl e o f Lewes, from which Valence being a princip al
commander on the king’s tide , after h i s mad er a nd h is fon wa s t aken prifone r,e fca pcd in to France . Prince Edward gett ing ou t of W indfor ca file , he fen t hima fupp ly o f t roop s, a nd wa s in ftrume nta l to the v ictory of Eve fham. He
So D a rt . I. 1 19. But-the re we re 13 on e a ch fide , a nd fou r a t e a ch e nd .
D a rt . lb. H e ha d a nothe r, a nd muchmore me mora bl e e p i ta ph, in proie , St. Lo Kn ive ton , MS. note on Vince nt qnBrooke , pe n . me . p . 4 19. P . 995.
[ 7 8 ]
o f the Shurl a nd poffe (li on s . The vergers p retend th at it being foretol d to Si rj ohn that his ho rf e wou ld be his death , he ca u fed him to be ki l l ed, a n d {l a ndingby as the an ima l wa s in the agon i es o f death , he recei ved from i t a blowon hisl eg or foot, which occa fion e d h is death a nd they at temp t to i l lufi
'
ra te thei r error
by the leaves carved u nder the foles of the kr'
1igl1t’
s feet .
0
A (l on e in the n ave at Bot/g/ba m, c. Cambridge, h as th i s infcripti on for
DE BEK l NGHAM,one o f th e ju ll ice s it in eran t , who d ied after 2 7 Edward I .
fi l l: jAEGT ELIAS : D€ BEKINEHAOD : QVONDAO‘
)
jVSTlLlARIVB : DOCDIN l ; RGEIS ANGLIG : CVIVS : ANImGl ’ROPlLl eTVR D€VS.
The bra fs figu re is tom
i t i s not impro bable that he Wa s of the fami l y of Be k ingham of B e k ingh am,
c . Nott i ngha m , where they h a d lands from 1 2 Edward I . to 1 8 Richard l lE l i as de b‘eckingha‘
m wa s party to a fine for l ands in Stoke by Newark in th e
{ tun e cou nt ry 2 7 Edward 1 3 . He a nd john de Mett ingham alone e fca p e d beingi nc l u ded in the’
fe ve re p un i fhme n t inflié’
te d on Ra lph de H e ngh am a nd his b'
re
thre n fo r corr upt i on , 1 6 Edward I . 1 2 8 8 4. Whether he di ed in th is o
'
r the
fu cce e ding centu ry i s not known .
RAL P H DE H ENGHAM had, in the North wal l of the choir in Ol d SL Pa u l ’J , a.tomb, with hi s figu re 011 i t , habi ted in a gown a nd coif, u nder a canopy fta ndingo n a l ion ; the table adorned wi th l a
'
mbs a nd mu l lets . Whether th i s figu rewa s in l aid in bra fs , or cu t in , Dugd a l e
s does not fa y ; p robabl y th e former.The in fcription roun d the l edge, in Gothic cap it als, wa s as follows :
PEER VGRSVS PETET DOS FNGLORVCD QVOD IKCGT bIC FLOSL€GV(T) QVI TVTA DICTFYVIT VGRK STK
‘
TVTA
EX DENGDKCD DICTVS RKDVLPDVS VIR B€N€DICTVS.
111 the chance l at Ma c/J H a d/J a m,c. He rt s, i s a l arge fa i r grey flab
, where onwa s once in laid in bra l
'
s a crofs flore erected on a dog or l ion, a nd on the ledgerou nd i t thi s infcrip tion in Gothic cap i t a l s
b lC jTI CGT SlmON FLKODB'
A'
RD : O\VONDEG) : RECTOR : DVIVS
Th e firit re €to r in Newcou rt 6 is Robert de Ros, in the time of B ifhop Gra ve fe nd, betwee n 1 2 8 0 a nd 1 3 0 3 ; the next Henry, de Idde i
’
worth, 1 3 32 . WhetherF LAM B ARD wa s re £tor before or after Ro s i s u nce rt ain . There wa s one S imonF lambard , kn ight o f the (h ire, 3 Edward Il l . who Dr. Salmon 7 th inks wa s probabl y father o f th i s re fl or.
A L B AN , who i s commemorated in the fol lowing infcription on a bra fs in ablu e fl a b, to the North o f the foregoing, m a y fi l l up the vacancies in Newcourt
’
s
h iltory8.
Priez pu r l alme A lban pfon e de h a dhm.
( i f the fe two , Dr. Salmon obfe rv e s Flamb'
ard’s mu tt be the ol de tt, by the wa yo f writ ing ; a nd both are e lder than the re gi l
’te r, wh ich has in th e firfl: p lace
Robert de Ros , a nd next Hen ry tle l de fworth, 1 3 3 2 .
Blomf. Co l l . C a n t a b. p . 3 3 . Ryme r's Ftr d. 20 El lW. I. Chro n. Se r. p. 28 , z g. Re cord ) ,
a c. Chro n. Dun l‘ a p . 563 , 564 , 56 5, 566. $77. $78 . 58 1 .
Tho rn ton , 4 23 . l h 173 . hlumf. Norf. l . 680. St. Pa ul 's , p . 101 .
Re p e rt. l . 8 5 1 . He n s, 278. B l .C ENTURY
