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Managing Emerging Diseases and Disasters in India. (International Congress of Medical Librarians, Brisbane, Australia, 2009)

By

Anjana Chattopadhyay

Director, National Medical Library,

Ansari Nagar, Ring Road, New Delhi-110029.

anjanachattopadhyay@yahoo.com

(Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Medical Librarianship (ICML) 2009. Available from:

https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/collection/UQ:179364?rows=50&pager_row=0)

Abstract:

Asia is the most disaster prone region in the world. As compared to other regions, Asia

has highest incidence of natural disaster. Because of rapid environmental change due to over

exploitation and indiscriminate use of natural resources, human being face challenges of many

unexpected natural as well as man made disasters.

Despite earnest control and prevention effort, emergence and re-mergence of diseases

cause an important threat to public health causing millions of deaths every year. I order to meet

these challenges every country is required to make effort to develop a well planned national

strategy on disaster education, preparedness, planning and mitigation. Well framed academic

courses as per local need are required to enhance professional skill and capability building

among local people to handle disaster and epidemic of diseases in case of emergency.

Many institutions have been developed in India to conduct management education and

research courses on disaster mitigation and emergency health care. The article described the

role of library in collection building and resource development of literature to provide strong

support to academic curriculum. No research study can be conducted without the availability of

sufficient quality literature, having collection of facts and figures related to the subject matter.

The paper provided important print and online reference sources related to the subject matter.

1. Introduction:

Disaster is a sudden climatic disturbance bringing great damage, loss and destruction and

devastation to life and property. It influences mental, socio-economical and cultural impact on

the population of the affected area. Generally disasters are of two types- natural and man-made.

Major natural disasters are flood, cyclone and tsunami, earthquake etc. Some of the man-made

disasters are disease epidemic; deforestation; air, water and soil pollution; chemical, radiological,

and oil leakage; war and terror strikes.

2. Records of Some of the Significant Natural Disasters:

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The world has been facing series of devastating natural disasters over the years. Over

millions of people get affected by natural disaster across the globe each year. Natural disasters

claim over 62,000 lives (on average) per year. Many international organizations are working in

the field of disaster management and mitigation (Appendix II).

Asia is the most disaster prone region in the world. It has record of highest incidence of

natural disasters as compared to other regions. India is the epicenter of disaster in Asia. Because

of the vulnerable position of its geographic location and climatic conditions it faces recurrent

devastating natural disasters such as flood, drought, earthquake, cyclone, landslide Tsunami etc.

India struggles with flood in every monsoon season in different part of the country. Flood kills

many people and makes thousands homeless.

Number of natural disasters by type and regional distribution 1991-2005

Hydrometerological disasters Geological disasters Biological disasters Region

Drought Flood Wind Storm

Total Earthquake Volcano Total Epidemic Insect

Infestation Total

G. Total

Africa 145 336 88 569 26 5 31 378 15 393 993

Americas 57 381 443 881 80 34 114 73 3 76 1071

Asia 91 672 519 1282 270 28 298 193 6 199 1779

Europe 19 51 132 202 41 3 44 41 1 42 288

Oceania 14 45 99 158 14 10 24 11 2 13 195

Total 326 1485 1281 3092 431 80 511 696 27 723 4326

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania

Drought

Flood

Wind Storm

Earthquacke

Volcano

Epidemic

Insect

Infestation

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Source: International Strategy for Disaster Reduction: Disaster statistics.

Out of the total geographical area of 329 million hectares of land, more than 40 million

hectare is prone to flood. On an average flood affects 75 lakh hectare of land and result in to a

loss of more than 1600 lives annually. Average annual damage to crops, houses and public

infrastructure is estimated more than Rs. 1800 crore per annum. The economically and socially

weaker sections of the population are worst affected. India has a coast line of about 8000 km.

which makes it vulnerable to frequent cyclonic storm from Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.

Havoc of 2004 Tsunami in the Bay of Bengal made indelible mark to the memory of Indians.

Over 10.9% of India’s geographical area falls in the very high risk seismic zone of

category V while 17.3% of its geographical area falls under the high risk seismic zone of

category IV.

Geographical area falls under the high risk seismic zones in India

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According to recorded history of earthquakes, India faced very high intensity earth quakes of the

magnitude higher than 6.0 since 1819:

Year Geographical area Intensity

magnitude

1819 Kutch, Gujarat 8.0

1869 Near Cachar, Assam 7.5

1885 Sopar, Jummu & Kashmir 7.0

1897 Shillongplateau 8.7

1905 Kangra, Himachal Pradesh 7.6

1918 Srimangal, Assam 7.6

1930 Dhubri, Assam 7.1

1934 Bihar- Nepal Border 8.3

1941 Andaman Island 8.1

1943 Assam 7.2

1950 Arunachal Pradesh- China Border 8.5

1956 Anjar, Gujarat 7.0

1967 Koyana, Maharashtra 6.5

1988 Manipur-Myanmar Border 6.6

1991 Uttarakashi, U P Hills 6.6

1999 Champoli, U P 6.8

2001 Bhuj, Gujarat 6.9

Earthquakes of such a very high intensity in densely populated regions cause very high

loss of lives and injuries to large number of people. The maximum death during earthquakes is

caused by the collapse of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) construction.

Recurrent of Natural disasters cause financial loss and prevent economic growth by

causing devastation of national property and human lives. Most of the natural disasters in the

Asian region are climate related. The over population, poverty and unemployment also results in

to man made, industrial and environmental disasters due to high pollution rate of water, air and

soil. The Bhopal Gas Tragedy of 1984 due to gas leakage from the Union Carbide industrial

plant caused death of more than 22,000 people and enhanced various genetic diseases among

newly born till date is one of the unforgettable man made disasters in the human history.

Environmental changes and ever increasing population resulted into over exploitation and

indiscriminate use of land and natural resources. Due to over crowding of population, human

being started inhabiting to remote areas of the region, which were not inhabited earlier.

Exposure to new environment including wild insects and animals started generating new

infectious diseases transmitted from animal to human being.

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3. Efforts Taken by India to Mitigate Disaster:

Government of India took several steps to mitigate high risk of disaster and emergence of

diseases. The Eleventh Five Year Plan (2008-2012) made special efforts to develop National

Disaster Management and Planning Guidelines with the help of the Planning Commission. The

12th

Finance Commission allocated Rs. 21, 333 crore for disaster and post disaster management

and reconstruction. The Indian Parliament approved the Disaster Management Bill on 23rd

December 2005. The Disaster Management Act (DMA) 2005 established the National Disaster

Management Authority (NDMA) chaired by the Prime Minister of India. The state Disaster

Management Authorities and District Management Authorities have been created to look into the

state and district level disaster management issues.

The Government is also coordinating with other Non-Government Organization (NGO’s)

and private stake holders to develop collective efforts to create a mass movement for developing

proactive culture of prevention, mitigation and preparedness to generate efficient respond in the

event of health emergency. The Disaster Management Act 2005 laid the foundation of Disaster

Mitigation Funds at national, states and district levels. The DMA 2005 also established an

agency called the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) consisting of well trained personnel

to handled disaster situation from four para-military forces such as BSF, CISF, CRPF & ITBP.

Eight battalions of the NDRF are deployed at various strategic locations of the country and they

have been trained and equipped to respond to natural as well as manmade disasters including

chemical, biological, radiological & nuclear emergencies: The DMA 2005 also initiated

foundation of the National Institute of Disaster Management, the focal point to develop

manpower resources through highly specialized training in different fields to related disaster.

Subsequently many others institutes and organization have been developed to establish a planned

Network of Disaster mitigation and preparedness system (Appendix 1). The NDMA released

national Disaster Management Guidelines for the Management of Earthquakes. New Building

codes for earthquake resistant building have been developed. It is mandatory for the strict

compliances and enforcement for all new constructions in the towns and cities of earthquake

prone zone from categories III to V. The Government of India also launched National

Earthquake Risk Management Project (NERMP). It has taken initiative to develop capacity

building for engineers, architects & masons by providing them special training to learn the

technique of designing and building earthquake resistant buildings.

In many earthquake porn areas, traditional building artisans have been building

earthquake proof houses, which are still in practices. In several villages of Gujarat, traditional

houses called “Bhongas” withstood the devastating impact of the Bhuj earthquake. The Dhajji –

Diwari system of Jammu & Kashmir, the brick-nogged wood frame construction tradition of

Himachal Pradesh & ekra construction design of Assam to built earthquake proof buildings are

traditional wisdom which are still in prevalent. The Government has initiated in depth research

on traditional building Typologies of India to preserve the tradition knowledge of our heritage in

this field. The flood situation during monsoon season every year is very common in India. Most

populous states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Orrissa are

highly flood affected areas of the country. The flood cause unprecedented damage to lives

infrastructure, crops causing significant economic loss. New guideline has been framed to

establish River Basic Organization as a mechanism for interstate coordination to overcome

dispute on water resources. National Institute of Flood Management has been set up for training,

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Research and Development activities related to floods. Model bill has been developed by the

Ministry of Water Resources to control unplanned and unregulated development activities

related to reclaiming of land in water reservoir areas and other town planning activities.

4. Emergence and Re-emergence of Diseases:

Demographic factors and change in modern life style enhanced development of

unpredictable emergence of new diseases and reemergence of old diseases. Multiple factors

causing emergence and reemergence diseases are:

1. Demographic factors and change in life style:

(i) Increase of population caused malnutrition and fall of living standard in

poor countries.

(ii) Increase of two income parents from single income parent.

(iii) Change in modern life style such as:

(a) The day care homes or crèche for children are the centre of

transmission of disease.

(b) Increase of unsafe sex, alcohol and drug abuse.

(c) Increase in old age population, who are vulnerable to catch disease.

(d) Use of processed and preserved food prepared outside home.

(e) Unnecessary use of antimicrobial agents/drugs which result into

resistance in bacterial pathogen.

2. Changes in Technology and Industry:

Some of the modern technologies are unexpectedly associated with emergence of

diseases such as:

(i) Air conditioning and cooling towers were linked to Legionnaires disease.

(ii) Fast food hamburger is associated with E. coli 0157:H7 strain.

(iii) Fast food production use preservatives to increase longer shelf life are

associated Salmonella and Campylobacter.

3. Environmental changes:

(i) Encroaching tropical rain forest posed risk of emergence of new

hemorrhagic fever.

(ii) Contact of deer population led to the spread of Lyme disease.

(iii) Development and spread of Avian flue through wild bird migration and

poultry.

(iv) Increase in rodent population and break down of sanitary and public health

standard caused reemergence of pneumonic plague epidemic in Surat in

1994 causing death of 52 and migration of over 300000 residencies.

(v) Increase of mosquitoes caused reemergence of dengue.

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4. International Travel & commerce:

Advancement of international travel facility converted the world into a global

village which in return enhances global transmission of disease such as:

(i) Respiratory infections.

(ii) Vector borne agents, West Nile Virus.

(iii) Infection through bird.

(iv) Food born diseases through import and export of food and poultry

products.

5. Microbial adaptation and changes:

(i) Latest example of microbial evolution is the emergence of E. coli 0157:H7.

This is an important food born disease spread through Hamburger and

cause fetal bloody diarrhea causing hemolytic uraemic Syndrome.

(ii) Evolution of pathogenic infectious agents.

(iii) Development of resistance of infection agents.

(iv) Immuno suppression of patients/persons.

Tuberculosis, which showed good result through multiple anti tuberculosis

drugs and it almost, eliminated Tuberculosis in developed World. But it reemerged

due to HIV/AIDS infection, which cause immuno-suppression of patient and

simultaneously increase Tuberculosis in association with HIV are often resistant to

antituberculosis drugs.

6. Break down of Public Health and Hygiene standard due to over crowding of

Population and contamination of drinking water.

8

4.1 Steps to Prevent Emergence of Diseases:

The twentieth Century medical research recoded treatment, control and prevention of

many infectious diseases due to development of antibiotics and immunization. In early 20th

century scientists felt that most of the infectious diseases have yielded up their secrets. Many

illnesses were completely exterminated and others were brought largely under control. Many

scientists thought that it is time to close the “Book on infectious diseases”. In many

developed countries, public had forgotten the impact of diseases like small pox, tuberculosis,

polio, malaria, dengue, plague etc.

This optimism was soon shaken by a series of out break and epidemic of emerging new

and remerging of old diseases in different parts of the world. In the beginning of 21st century

recurrent incidents of infectious diseases once again started challenging as a major threat to

secure public health.

Many new diseases such as a Legionnaires disease, Ebola virus, HIV/AIDS, Flesh eating

bacteria, Mad Cow Disease, Toxic shock Syndrome, Lyme disease, Escherichia Coli

0157:H7. emerged as new threat to Global Public Health. The example of mosquito born

diseases (Malaria and dengue), West Nile Virus (WNV) were first isolated in 1939 in Asia

and Africa. In recent years the WNV has spread to New York and California.

The Influenza pandemic of 1918 also known as “The Spanish Flu” killed 20-40 million

people globally. In the World War I, more soldiers died of flue than of wounds. Malaria is

one of the oldest infectious diseases, which remained under control and restricted to some

geographical region. It is now expanding its range in many new areas. The most remarkable

decreases have been recorded in tuberculosis and pneumonia due to development of

antibiotics. Initiative taken by mass immunization further helped to control paralytic,

poliomyelitis, small pox, diphtheria. The eradication of small pox in 1977 due to

immunization was a great accomplishment in the history of public health. By the end of the

20th

Century in most of the developed world mortality due to infectious disease were

replaced by non-infectious disease such as heart disease, cancer and stroke.

Although some disease has been conquered by modern medical research due to the

development of antibiotics and vaccines but many of them are reemerging in the form of

drug resistant varieties phenomena’s.

4.1.1 Global Efforts to Prevent Emergence of Diseases:

A master plan titled “Preventing emerging infectious diseases. A strategy for the 21

st

Century” has been prepared by the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), US

Department of Health and Human services in 1994. The document outlined following points

as guidelines for the prevention of modern diseases:

1. Sanitation and Public Hygiene

2. Vaccination

3. Research and Development of antibiotics and microbial medicine.

9

4. Technological advancement of monitoring and detecting infectious diseases such

as:

(i) Serological Testing

(ii) Viral isolation and tissue culture

(iii) Molecular Technique

The copies of the plan can be availed from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/publicat.htm.

WHO, SEARO also developed a strategy for prevention and control of emerging diseases in

the Asia Pacific regions through 4 defined objectives such as:

1. Strengthen preparedness for emerging diseases through National Health Authorities.

2. Strengthen Human Resources Development

3. Strengthen preparedness to respond to Public Health Emergencies.

4. Prevention of disease after disaster.

4.1.2 Prevention of Emergence and Reemergence of Diseases in India:

There is an urgent need to strengthen the medical preparedness and mass causality

management facilities in disaster prone areas, with the coordination of the Ministry of Health and

Family Welfare and concerned state governments. It is proposed to ensure the availability of

Heli-Ambulances, Containerises Mobile Field Hospitals, Improved Bio-Safety Laboratories, and

Integrated Information Network &Trauma Care Network supported by Medical and Nursing

team of well trained professionals to manage and handle emergency medicine. The NDMA is

also in the process of preparing National Disaster Management Guidelines for Medical

Preparedness to prevent Mass causality. Many Institutes and NGO’s are working in this field as

mentioned at Appendix I.

Infectious diseases in poor countries kill for more people than any high profile natural

disaster. The death toll alone to Aids, Malaria, diarrhea, Tuberculosis and other infections

diseases are 100 times higher than natural disasters in developing countries. Government of India

developed many institutes conducting high profile research in the development of new vaccine

and new disease control medical techniques related to infections disease epidemic.

The National Institute of Communicable Diseases (New Delhi) Entero virus, Research

Centre (Mumbai), Institute of Immunohaematology (Mumbai), National AIDS Research Institute

(Pune), National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Kolkata), National Institute of Malaria

Research, (New Delhi), National Institute of Virology, (Pune), Tuberculosis Research Centre,

(Pondicherry) are some of the examples, who are conducting extensive medical research in the

field of their specialization. The Government also established the National Aids Controle

Organization (NACO) to conduct extensive research and create and collect data and statistics

related to HIV/AIDS in India.

5. Role of Librarians to Minimize the Impact of Disaster and Disease

Emergencies:

10

Libraries are considered to be the hub of information dissemination in a society.

Librarians and Information scientists are required to come forwarded to play an important role in

information- sharing to minimize causality in the event of disaster and disease epidemic. They

can play key role in helping their communities to recover from disaster. They can also provide

training course for librarians for disaster management by conducting public health curriculum for

disaster situation. Creation of digital library of key documents related to Guidelines for “pre” and

“post” disaster health problems, technical reports related to safe water, sanitation, shelter,

meteorological bulletins, technical reports etc can be prepared and made available online by

information scientists. The Virtual Disaster Library containing the global collection of more than

650 scientific and technical documents published by agencies working on disasters and

emergencies such as WHO, PAHO, UNHCR, UNICEF, ISDR, Red Cross, Sphese Project,

NGO’s such as OXFAM etc is a major initiative taken to collect global literature related to the

subject. Every nation can develop “National Network for Disaster and Health Information” to

organize effective information network across the nation in case of emergency. Libraries can

develop guide book for school children on “How to handle emergency situation during the out

break of disaster and diseases”.

The “World Disaster Report 2005” published by the International Federation of Red

Cross and Red Crecent Societies focused on the role of information services in the situation of

disaster.

6. Conclusion:

People need information as much as other life saving essentials such as food, water,

medicine and shelter. Right information in time can save lives, livelihoods and resources.

Required information may provide efficient response. Many deaths due to Public Health

emergencies can be avoided by providing better information and communication to general

public. Early warning can save thousands of lives before devastating disaster strikes. Information

Centres can educate people to take precaution to prevent occurrence and spread of infections

diseases. Information Centres in the event of disaster and accidents may help in tracing of lost

family members. They may reduce human suffering by tracing relatives of small children and old

people, who are more valuable in emergency situation. Information related to availability of safe

water, food, medicine after the event of disaster is very crucial. Infact it is the efficient

information network, upon which depends the success of entire disaster management operation.

Disease from contaminated water and poor sanitation can create havoc and kill millions

of people after the event of disaster. Simple information guide books and low cost Public Health

practice can improve health condition of many helpless victims. Establishment of viable

communication link between aid providers and aid receivers may bring great success.

Information is the most powerful weapon, which can be used to save many lives in case

of disaster and disease epidemic.

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References:

1. Bissell, R.A. Delayed impact: infectious diseases after natural disaster. J Emerg Med.

1993; 1:59-66.

2. Broughton, E. The Bhopal disaster and its aftermath: A review. Environ Health: A

Global Access, Science Source. 2005; 4:1-6.

3. Burkle, FM Jr. Globalization and disaster: Public Health, State capacity and political

action. J Int. Affairs. 2006; 59:241-268

4. CDC. Preventing emerging infectious diseases: A strategy for the 21st century.

Atlanta, GA: CDC Press.

5. Dengue fever, a man made disease. Economist 1998 May; 2:21.

6. Frieden, T R; Sherwan, L F; Maw, K L et al. A multi-institutional outbreak of highly

drug-resistant tuberculosis: epidemiology and clinical outcomes. JAMA 1996;

276:1229-35.

7. Garrett, L. The coming plague: Newly emerging diseases in a world out of balance.

New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 1995.

8. Gupta, Alok. Information Technology and national disaster management in India.

Indian Cartographer. 3003. 199-201 p.

9. Harris-Cheng M. Health and housing after Indian Ocean Tsunami. Lancet 2007; 369

(1579):2066-2068.

10. Hill, A V. Genetics of infectious disease resistance. Curr. Opin. Gent. Dev. 1996; 6.

:348-53.

11. Kumar, Ajai. Goal of a disaster free India. Indian cartographer. 2003; 199-201.

12. Rorris, Robert D. The blue death: Disease, disaster and the water we drink. Harper

Collins Publishers. 2007. 310p.

13. Preventing emerging infectious diseases: A strategy for the 21st Century. Morbidity

and Mortality Weekly Report. Sept.11.1998;47(15).

12

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h,

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ia.

htt

p:/

/eptr

i.co

m

Ph

: 91

-40

-230

004

69

,

2300

124

1, 2

300

124

2,

Fax

: 9

1-4

0-2

300

036

1

Ma

nag

emen

t: E

stab

lish

ed i

n c

oll

abora

tion

of

Sw

edis

h I

nte

rnat

ion

al D

evel

op

men

t A

gen

cy +

Pro

cess

Saf

ety C

entr

e, I

nd

ian

In

stt.

Ch

emic

al T

ech

(II

CT

), H

yd

erab

ad,

And

hra

Pra

des

h,

Ind

ia.

Reg

iste

red

un

der

Soci

etie

s A

ct.

Ob

ject

ives

: Tra

inin

g,

con

sult

ancy

& c

on

du

cts

rese

arch

cover

ing e

nvir

on

men

tal

issu

es r

elat

ed t

o

ind

ust

ries

.

13

7

Gu

jara

t S

tate

Dis

ast

er

Ma

nag

emen

t

Au

tho

rity

(GS

DM

A)

Blo

ck N

o. 11

, 5

th F

loo

r, U

dyog B

haw

an, S

ecto

r 11

,

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dhin

agar

, G

uja

rat-

38

201

7

htt

p:/

/ww

w.g

sdm

a.o

rg.

M

an

ag

emen

t :

Sta

rted

wit

h t

he

init

iati

ve

of

Gu

jara

t G

over

nm

ent.

Hon

’ble

Ch

ief

Min

iste

r of

Gu

jara

t is

th

e C

hai

rper

son

. R

egis

tere

d u

nd

er S

oci

etie

s R

egis

trat

ion

Act

.

Ob

ject

ive:

•

To d

eal

wit

h n

atu

ral

dis

aste

r.

•

Rel

ief

from

nat

ura

l dis

aste

r.

•

Mak

e b

est

use

of

gra

nt

from

nat

ional

and

inte

rnat

ional

org

aniz

atio

n.

Sp

ecia

lity

: H

azar

d m

app

ing o

f :

•

Ear

thqu

ake

•

Cycl

on

e.

•

Flo

od

.

•

Tsu

nam

i.

•

(v)

Sto

rm s

urg

e.

8

Gu

jara

t In

stit

ute

of

Dis

ast

er

Ma

nag

emen

t

Sar

dar

Pat

el I

nst

itu

te o

f p

ub

lic

Ad

min

istr

atio

n,

Op

p:

ISR

O,

Ah

med

abad

, G

uja

rat,

In

dia

Ma

nag

emen

t: G

ov

ern

men

t.

Ob

ject

ive:

•

Tra

inin

g

•

Iden

tify

dif

fere

nt

targ

et g

rou

p f

or

trai

nin

g.

•

Off

er o

pen

an

d d

ista

nce

tra

inin

g c

ou

rces

.

•

Su

pp

ort

to c

ondu

ct r

esea

rch

.

•

(v)

Con

sult

ancy

ser

vic

es.

9

Ind

ian

In

stit

ute

of

Rem

ote

Sen

sin

g

(IIR

S)

Dep

t. o

f S

pac

e (G

ov

ern

men

t of

Ind

ia),

4,

Kal

idas

Road

, D

ehra

dun

- 48

001

, U

ttra

kh

and, In

dia

.

ww

w.i

irs-

nrs

a.gov.i

n.

Ph

: 91

-(0

)135

-252

410

5,

Fax

: 9

1-(

0)1

35

-2741

987

Ma

nag

emen

t: S

urv

ey o

f In

dia

, G

over

nm

ent

of

Ind

ia.

IIR

S +

DG

IM (

Dis

aste

r G

eo I

nfo

rmat

ion

Man

agem

ent,

UN

Univ

ersi

ty,

Net

her

land

s)+

CS

ST

EA

P (

Cen

tre

for

Sp

ace

Sci

. &

Tec

h.

Edu

cati

on

Asi

a &

Pac

ific

).

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ject

ive:

•

To p

rom

ote

exce

llen

ce i

n g

eo-i

nfo

rmat

ion

sci

ence

.

Tra

inin

g:

Inte

rnat

ional

Tra

inin

g C

ou

rse

on

ap

pli

cati

on

of

Sp

ace

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h f

or

Dis

aste

r M

anag

emen

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supp

ort

w

ith

em

ph

asis

on

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lood

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isk

M

anag

emen

t et

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du

ct

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. le

vel

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rses

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10

Ind

ian

Red

Cro

ss

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ciet

y (

IRC

S)

1, R

ed C

ross

Road

, N

ew D

elh

i-1

10

01,

Ind

ia.

ww

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dcr

oss

.org

.

Ph

: 91

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164

4-4

3,

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91

-11

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174

54

,

2371

706

3.

Ma

nag

emen

t: I

nte

rnat

ional

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inin

g:

On

e yea

r D

iplo

ma

in D

isas

ter

Pre

par

edn

ess

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Reh

abil

itat

ion

th

rou

gh

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SIP

U

(Gu

ru G

ovin

d S

ingh

In

dra

pra

sth

a U

niv

ersi

ty),

New

Del

hi.

Ob

ject

ive:

•

Blo

od

Ban

k

•

Dis

aste

r M

anag

emen

t C

entr

e.

•

Cen

tral

Tra

inin

g I

nst

itute

.

•

Hom

e fo

r d

isab

led

ser

vic

e M

en i

n B

angal

ore

.

•

(v)

Voca

tional

Tra

inin

g C

entr

e at

Wes

t B

engal

& T

amil

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u.

11

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ira G

an

dh

i

Na

tio

nal

Op

en

Un

iver

sity

(IG

NO

U)

Mai

dan

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hi,

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Del

hi.

In

dia

ww

w.i

gnou.a

c.in

Ph

: 91

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321

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: 9

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nag

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inin

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m

on

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lom

a on

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ter

Man

agem

ent

for

plu

s tw

o/e

qu

ival

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in

coll

abora

tion w

ith

Pun

e U

niv

ersi

ty.

12

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t A

ssis

tan

ce

Cen

tre,

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rgao

n

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, D

LF

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urg

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uat

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dra

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oad

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Ma

nag

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t: M

inis

try o

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om

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rs,

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nm

ent

of

Ind

ia.

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inin

g:

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( i

) S

ix m

on

ths

trai

nin

g i

n D

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agem

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( ii

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lso c

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ct w

ork

shop &

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inar

an

d c

oord

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•

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anis

ed I

nd

ian

Dis

aste

r M

anag

emen

t C

on

gre

ss 2

006

.

Ob

ject

ive:

•

To b

e th

e le

adin

g c

entr

e of

exce

llen

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n t

he

fiel

d o

f d

isas

ter

risk

mit

igat

ion

and

man

agem

ent

in I

nd

ia.

14

Na

tio

nal

Info

rma

tio

n C

entr

e

for

Eart

hq

ua

ke

En

gin

eeri

ng

(NIC

EE

)

Ad

d:

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f. S

udh

ir J

ain

, C

oord

inat

or,

NIC

EE

, D

ept.

of

Civ

il E

ngin

eeri

ng,

IIT

, K

anp

ur-

2080

16

, U

ttar

Pra

des

h,

Ind

ia

htt

p:/

/ww

w n

icee

.org

.

Ph

: 91

-051

2-2

597

866

,

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: 9

1-0

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977

94

Ma

nag

emen

t: I

IT,

Kan

pu

r, U

ttar

Pra

des

h.

Ob

ject

ive:

•

Pu

bli

cati

on a

nd d

isse

min

atio

n o

f kn

ow

led

ge

rela

ted

to s

esem

ic s

tru

ctu

ral

des

ign

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•

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thqu

ake

resi

stan

t C

ivil

str

uct

ura

l des

ign

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•

PG

lev

el c

ou

rse

in s

esem

ic d

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n.

•

iv.

Dis

tance

ed

uca

tion t

hro

ugh C

D.

15

Na

tio

nal

Civ

il

Def

ense

Co

lleg

e

Civ

il L

ines

, N

agpu

r-44

000

1, M

ahar

ash

tra,

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dia

ww

w.n

cdcn

agpu

r.nic

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.

Ph

: 91

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2-2

565

614

,

2562

611

,

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: 9

1-0

712

-25

656

14

Ma

nag

emen

t: M

inis

try o

f H

om

e A

ffai

rs,

Gover

nm

ent

of

Ind

ia.

Ob

ject

ive:

•

Pla

n &

org

aniz

e sp

ecia

lize

d t

rain

ing t

o e

nh

ance

sk

ill

and g

ener

ate

kn

ow

led

ge

for

man

agem

ent

of

resp

on

se t

o d

isas

ters

.

Tra

inin

g:

•

To d

evel

op

han

ds

on

tra

inin

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rogra

mm

e on

rea

list

ic p

atte

rn.

•

Cond

uct

ed C

ivil

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efen

se &

Dis

aste

r M

anag

emen

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ou

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•

(iii

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ainin

g t

o h

and

le f

lood

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clon

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arth

qu

ake

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aste

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tio

nal

Dis

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Ma

nag

emen

t

Au

tho

rity

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DM

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istr

y o

f H

om

e A

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h B

lock

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ew D

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i.

Go

ver

nm

ent

of

Ind

ia o

r N

DM

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Cen

ture

Hote

l,

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r IG

I A

irp

ort

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ew D

elh

i- 1

1003

7.

htt

p:/

/ ndm

india

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.in.

Fax

: 9

1-0

11

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550

03

,

Ph

: 91

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092

923

,

2309

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4

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: 9

1-0

11

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927

63

Ma

nag

emen

t: M

inis

try o

f H

om

e A

ffai

rs,

Gover

nm

ent

of

Ind

ia.

Ob

ject

ive:

•

Dis

aste

r p

rep

ared

nes

s an

d t

o i

ncr

ease

aw

aren

ess

to m

anag

e d

isas

ters

.

Tra

inin

g:

•

Docu

men

tati

on

and

dat

abas

e d

evel

op

men

t on d

isas

ter.

•

Sat

e le

vel

tra

inin

g o

n d

isas

ter

pre

par

edn

ess.

•

(iii

) tr

ainin

g t

o h

and

le f

lood

, cy

clon

e, e

arth

qu

ake

dis

aste

r.

17

Na

tio

nal

Dis

ast

er

Ma

nag

emen

t

Fo

rum

: (S

et u

p b

y

Tim

es o

f In

dia

).

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es F

ou

ndat

ion

, T

he

Tim

es o

f In

dia

Bu

ild

ing, 7

Bah

adu

rsh

ah Z

afar

Mar

g, N

ew D

elh

i-1

100

02

Ph

: 91

-011

-23

302

10

18

PR

T I

nst

itu

te o

f

Po

st G

rad

ua

te

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vir

on

men

tal

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uca

tio

n &

Res

earc

h, N

ew

Del

hi.

(PR

T-1

-

PE

ER

)

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6,

Par

yav

aran

Com

ple

x,

Sou

th o

f S

aket

ww

w.t

echnolo

gyin

dia

.edu.

Tra

inin

g:

2 y

ear

Mas

ter

of

Dis

aste

r C

on

trol

to g

rad

uat

es o

r w

ork

ing p

rofe

ssio

nal

s.

Deg

ree

in

coll

abora

tion

wit

h I

nst

t. o

f O

pen

& D

ista

nce

Edu

cati

on

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ark

atu

llah

Univ

ersi

ty,

Bh

op

al.

19

Sik

kim

Ma

nip

al

Un

iver

sity

of

Hea

lth

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edic

ine

&

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h.

Sci

ence

s

Tad

on

g,

Gan

gto

k S

ikkim

ww

w.s

ikkim

man

ipal

.net

.

ww

w.e

colo

gy.o

rg.

T

rain

ing:

Mas

ters

in

D

isas

ter

Mit

igat

ion

for

Gra

du

ates

in

coll

abora

tion

wit

h I

nd

ian

In

stit

ute

of

Eco

log

y &

En

vir

on

men

t.

15

Appendix II

List of Institutions Imparting Disaster Preparedness Training and Activities in the World

1. CIDI (Centre for International Disaster Information) works under USAID.

Access: http://www.cidiorg.

2. FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Authority)

Access: http://www.fema.gov.

3. NDMC (National Drought Mitigation Centre)

Access: http://www.drought.unl.edu.

4. USAID, US Agency for International Development

Access: http://www.usaid.gov.

5. IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Cross Crecent Societies).

Access: http://www.ifre.org.

6. Oxfam

Access: http://www.oxfam.org.

7. ISDR (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction)

Access: http://www.unisdr.org/

8. Relief Web UN office for coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)

Access: http://www.relief web.int/rw/dbe.nsf/doc100?

9. UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

Access: http://www.unchr.ch/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home

10. WHO (World Health Organization)

Access: http://www.who.int/.

Regional Organizations

1. Africare. US organization assisting Africa.

Access: http://www.africare.org/

2. ADPC (The Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre)

Access: http://www.adpe.net/.

3. CRID (The Regional Disaster Information Centre)

Access: http://www.crid.or cr./

4. Disaster Info.

Access: http://www.disaster-info.net/.

5. DPPI (Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Initiatives)

Access: http”//www.dppi.info/index.ut