Navya Nyaya and AI Initiatives

Dr.Srinivasa VarakhediCenter for Advanced Studies and Research in

Shabdabodha and NLP

RASHTRIYA SANSKRIT VIDYAPEETHADEEMED UNIVERSITY

Tirupati(A.P)

Dream of a bee…..

®úÉÊjÉ& MÉʨɹªÉÊiÉ ¦ÉʴɹªÉÊiÉ ºÉÖ|ɦÉÉiɨÉÂ*¦Éɺ´ÉÉxÉ =näù¹ªÉÊiÉ ½þʺɹªÉÊiÉ {ÉRÂóEòVɸÉÒ&**

<ilÉÆ Ê´ÉÊSÉxiɪÉÊiÉ EòÉä¶ÉMÉiÉä Êuù®äú¡äò*½þÉ ½þxiÉ ½þxiÉ xÉʱÉxÉÓ MÉVÉ =VVɽþÉ®ú**

Present situation of SanskritØ Sanskrit colleges are like 'zoo'!Ø No Govt. support unless we are

productiveØ Humanities and Languages are being

neglectedØ How far this support will continue ?Ø Great tradition of learning is being lostØ No scope for novel research

Innovation is the keyn Sanskrit Shastras are competent

enough to enter the science worldn Move out of Humanities and get

merged with sciencen Analogy : Maths, psychology, Logic.n We must find practical approach for

these Sanskrit Sciences.

we have lost 80%n Meemamsa - No practical approach ! n Nyaya - No use in modern dialectics ? n Vyakarana – No application ?? What to do ?

Relevance of Sanskrit Shastras inModern Technologyn fortunately these shastras are found relevent

in today’s technology

v Computing ideas in Paniniv Text processing principles in Meemamsav Formal languages in Nyaya we lack the technology and application area Story of Babbage!!!

Massage of Acharya ShankaraBhagavatpada“avidyayaa mrtyum tiirtvaa.. vidyayaa amrtamashnute..”

- Ishavasya UapanishadSri Shankara Bhagavatpada comments on

this ….. avidyaa = karma ; vidyaa =

knowledge

Opportunityn Emerging Info technology has provided a

great oportunity to surviven MÉÞàþÒªÉÉiÉ ÊiÉxiÉÞhÉÒ¶ÉÉJÉÉÆ

ʶÉOÉÖ¶ÉÉJÉÉOɽäþhÉ ÊEò¨É ?n Solve a major contemporary problem like MT

basing on the shastrasn Get new openings for Sanskritistsn Open a new avenue for research

Know How…n Ultimate aim :finding appropriate place for

sanskrit Shastras n Method: solutions to contemporory problems

adopting modern technology n Resource needed : Adequate manpower, who

act as a bridge between modern scientistsand technologists one side and sanskritscholars on the other side.

Change the scenario

Technology Western Theories INDIAN THEORIES

Opportunities missedn Industrial revolution

n We missed this with some hasty decisionsn IT revolution

n Indians are serving in the level of coding ;not in designing level !

n Knowledge Revolutionn we should take this advantage

Need of the hourn we need

n to understand how technology worksn to understand the contempomporary

problemsn Then

n we will be able to give solutions in the lightof sashtras and show the relevence ofIndian theories

History and Progressn Conference held at Bangalore in Dec 1987 on

“Knowledge Representation and Sanskritam”generated tremendous interest

n Nothing much has been archived, exceptsome efforts and projects here and there insmall scale that too in technical institutions

n Time running out ! What progress has beenmade since then?

Complexity of the problemn Different Goal : Two disciplines – Technology and

Shastras - are developed in different contextn Paradigm difference : Modern Scholars are

accustomed to visual teaching method, TraditionalPandits on the other hand prefer oral tradition

n Language Barrier : Both of them do not understandeach other’s language !

The tuning in of the dialogue will take time

Who would bell the cat ?n It needs a long interaction between

technologists and Traditional Sanskrit Scholarsn Technical institutions are always ready for

such activitiesn There is NO much interest is seen in Sanskrit

Institutionsn It is we Sanskritists should to bell the cat

Long process like extraction ofghee from milkn Nothing miracle happens in the initial stage n It’s a big challenge, one OR two persons are

not enough n We need hundreds of dedicated persons to

achieve a small goal A person can climb a small hill ; Team can climb

the Everest

Identifying the “problem”n Analogy:- Braman in Upanishads

n what is Brahman?n we can NOT show it as it is impercievable.n we can NOT describe it as it is beyond words.

Hence ,n we can direct you towards that by way of

negating what we know.n (+{ÉÉä½þ) -

¶ÉÉJÉÉSÉxpù¨ÉºÉɯûxvÉiÉÒxªÉɪÉ&

Possible areasn Machine Translationn Speech Processingn Summary Extraction from huge textsn Indo Wordnet as a base for IL-

wordnetsn Developing Tools for IL Researchersn Knowledge Representation schemes

Machine Translationn English To Indian Languages

n Word sense disambiguationn Karaka & Syntax Relationn Word-groupingn Idiomatic Expressionn Shabdasutra

n MT among Indian Languagesn Bi-language Electronic Dictionariesn Karaka & Vibhakti Relation

Summary Extractionn Meemamsa Principles applied to extract

the summary of a text Upakramaadi Tatparya Lingas are used

to extract the summary of a text inIndian Institute of Science, Bangalore,in our consultancy.

Wordnet / Concept-net based on NN ontologyn Wordnet is an electronic lexical

reference resource system designed onthe basis of semantic relations of wordsn Synonymy {Graha, nivaasa,….}n Hypernymy {Amra, vriksha, vanaspati…}n Antonnymy {Shreemaan, akinchana}n Mecronymy {nAsika, mukha, shariira..}n Gradation {Shushka,…tara,….tama}

Knowledge Engineeringn Representation

n For Data representation, several databsemanagement systems are available.

n For representing and retrieving usefulinformation, there are various worked outmethodologies

n Finally Knowledge Representation needsspecial treatment where Indian Knowledgesystems can be applied

Knowledge and its importance inAIn AI researchers are interested in building

Intelligent systemsn Web technologies looking forward to

Semantic webs instead of syntactic webn Knowledge is more valuable than data and

Informationn Data – simple DoB. Info – Age calculated. Knowledge – the judgment about suitability

for job at hand etc. This requires a lot ofinputs from various K- sources.

Navya Nyaya -> AI ?Classify Nyaya into five parts ….. 1. Ontology 2. Epistemology 3. Technical Language 4. Semantics 5. Art of debate and fallacies

OntologyIncludes…n Categories - Substance, Quality etc.,n Relations – SamavAya, SvarUpa …n Universals – Types or classes… Ontology helps to various areas like NLP,

K-Repr, K-Engg, especially in Cognitivesciences.

EpistemologyDeals with …n Cognitive processn Cognitive structure It helps to solve the problems of cognitive

sciences and K-repr.

Technical Languagen NNL is a Restricted Language that has

both the features – power ofmechanism of Artificial Languages andpower of of expression of NaturalLanguages.

The basic ideas behind this language will

be helpful in Knowledge Represenation.

Semanticsn Way of analysis of semantics shown by

Navya Naiyayikas has been crucially foundhelpful in NLP and Machine Translation

Eg. Classification of words – rUdha, yoga Syntactical analysis Power of definitions KR & NN

Semantics in MTn Lexicography

n Word/concepts nets based NN ontologyn Classification of pada’s (words)

n Rudha – word has convention I.e names…n Yougik – word has etymological meaning…

cook, driver,n Yoga-rudha – which has etymology as well as

convention…CD-driver

WSD – using differenttechniquesn Definitions of Karaka relation without

any overlapn Kartrtvam = kriyAnukUlakritimattvamn Karmattvam = para-samaveta-kriyA-janya-

phala-Ashrayatvamn Going – Rama and Forestn Who is going where ?n Result –contact is possible in Rama too..n To avoid such overlap, this def. Is useful

Refinement of karaka Relationsn Classification of Karma

n Karma – Reachable, understandable so on.n Analysis of root semantics

n Leave – He left the place / left from theplace

n Analysis of expectancy (AkAnkshA)n Rats killed cats

To infinity relationn I stand up to speakn I want o speakn He goes to London to study lawn He wants to study law in Londonn To walk in mornings is good for health

Special thanks toThe authorities of

Asiatic Society, Kolkata

Thank youNamaste!