PALYNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE UPPER VISEAN DEPOSITS FROM THE MSTIKHINO QUARRY (KALUGA REGION)

ISSN 0145�8752, Moscow University Geology Bulletin, 2014, Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 28–35. © Allerton Press, Inc., 2014.Original Russian Text © D.A. Mamontov, O.A. Orlova, 2014, published in Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Geologiya, 2014, No. 1, pp. 35–42.

28

INTRODUCTION

Palynostratigraphical studies of the Upper Viseandeposits of the southern wing of the Moscow Syneclisebegan in the 1930s from the fundamental works byA.A. Luber, I.E. Waltz, and S.N. Naumova. From theend of the 1940s, L.A. Yushko and N.I. Umnova con�tinued palynological investigations and described thetypical palynoassemblages for each regional stage ofthe Upper Visean Substage. Later, Umnova (1980)compared the Upper Visean palynoassemblages of theMoscow Syneclise with the zonal palynoassemblagesfrom different regions of Western Europe, Spitsber�gen, USA, and Canada. As a result of the long�termpalynostratigraphical studies of N.I. Umnova,L.A. Yushko, and T.V. Byvsheva, the first miosporezonation for the East European platform has beenestablished (Reshenie…, 1990). The detailed definitionof the palynozones has been carried out by Byvschevaand Umnova (Makhlina et al, 1993). In the end of1990s, Lower Carboniferous miospore zonationschemes of Russia and Western Europe were corre�sponded by Byvsheva (1997). During further 12 years,the palynostratigraphical study of the Viseansequences on the southern wing of the Moscow Syn�eclise was stopped because of reduced geologicalexploration in Russia. Since the 2009, the study of thepalynoassemblages from the Visean deposits of theKaluga region has been refreshed by the authors(Mamontov and Orlova, 2011a, 2011b).

In spite of the significant results of palynostrati�graphical studies of the Visean deposits in the secondhalf of the 20th century, the palynological evidence ofthe Upper Visean regional stages in the southern wingof the Moscow Syneclise is still incompleted. There is

the reason for more detail analysis of the Upper Viseanpalynoassemblages from the new locality of theKaluga region.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The Mstikhino quarry is located in the forest, in thenorthern outskirts of the Mstikhino village, 8 kmnorthwest from the Kaluga town (Kaluga region)(Fig. 1a). The GPS coordinates are 54°34.982′ N and036°07.152′ E. The quarry is abandoned. The UpperVisean deposits are well excavated in the quarry. Thesequence includes dense gray and pale gray organic–clastic limestones are interlayered by brownish gray orbluish gray clays (Fig. 1b). The section is subdividedinto the four benches in the relief by thickened lime�stone beds. The lower part of the first bench and thesecond bench are overlapped by the landslide–talusrocks. We described a representative cross section inthe northern wall of the quarry. According to both thecorrelation with the neighboring localities and data ofprevious studies the age of the deposits was defined asLate Visean (personal material of M.Kh. Makhlina,1981; Orlova, 2003).

During the field works of 2010, ten samples for thepalynological analysis were collected from sandy–clayey deposits of the first, third, and fourth benches.The maceration of palynosamples was carried out inthe Palynological Laboratory of the Department ofPaleontology at the Geological Faculty of LomonosovMoscow State University (MSU). The samples werechemically treated using the modified hydrofluoricmethod of Asharson and Granlund (Raevskaya andShurekova, 2011). The palynological collection

Palynological Characteristics of the Upper Visean Deposits from the Mstikhino Quarry, Kaluga Region

D. A. Mamontov and O. A. OrlovaDepartment of Geology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia

Received May 24, 2013

Abstract—This paper is dedicated to a diversified description of the remarkable palynoassemblage from theUpper Visean deposits of the Mstikhino quarry in Kaluga region. The specific diversity of the palynoassem�blage is statistically analyzed. The palynoassemblage is assigned to the CBd Zone of Aleksinian regional stage.On the basis of distribution of the key species of the Upper Visean miospores and foraminifers, the studiedpalynoassemblage was compared with zonal palynoassemblages from Great Britain, Germany, Donbass, andCentral Poland.

Keywords: palynostratigraphy, palynoassemblage, palynozones, miospores, Upper Visean Substage, MoscowSyneclise, Kaluga region

DOI: 10.3103/S0145875214010049

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 69 No. 1 2014

PALYNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UPPER VISEAN DEPOSITS 29

Moscow region

Kaluga region

Studied section

Yukhnov

TovarkovoMstikhino

Ugra R.

Kaluga

Oka R.

Tularegion

50 km

N

E

S

W

N

W E

S

Mstikhino quarry

1 kmMstikhinovillage

P93

(a)

(b)

Limestone

Clayey

Clay

Sand

Absence

Abundance

limestone

of miospores

of miospores

MS�10

MS�9

MS�8

MS�7

MS�6

MS�5

MS�4

MS�3

MS�2

MS�1

0.1

2.5

0.1

0.1

0.1

2

0.15

0.4

5.5

1

0.4

0.30.3

2

1

1

0.3

0.3

0.3

3

0.4

0.5

0.60.04

0.15

0.7

0.7

0.7

2.5

0.2

0.2

Talus

Sys

tem

Ser

ies

Sta

ge

Sub

stag

e

Reg

ion

al

Ben

ches

of

the

open

pit

Lythological

Num

ber

of la

yer

Thi

ck� Palyno�

Talus

Car

bon

ifer

ous

Low

er

Vis

ean

Upp

erA

leks

inia

nM

ikh

aylo

vian

Ven

evia

n

28

27

26

25

24

23

22212019

17

18

16

15

10

1413

1211

9

7

8

2

6

43

1

5

IV

III

II

I

column samples

ness

, m

Fig. 1. Geographical location of the Mstikhino quarry in Kaluga region (a) and cross section of the Upper Visean deposits of thenorthern wall of the Mstikhino quarry (b).

stag

e

30


MAMONTOV, ORLOVA

no. 336 is stored at the Department of Paleontology,Geological Faculty MSU. The samples were studiedunder a Laboval 4 optical microscope. The most typi�cal miospore species were visualized under an Olym�pus CX31 optical microscope at the Department ofPaleontology and in the Laboratory of Paleobotany ofthe Borisyak Paleontological Institute, Russian Acad�emy of Sciences, using a digital camera of an Axion�Plan 2 Imaging universal optical polarization micro�scope (Carl Zeiss).

Up to 371 specimens of palynomorphs werecounted. Special attention was focused on estimationof the species diversity of the palynoassemblage.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PALYNOASSEMBLAGE

A single productive sample, MS�3, comes fromlayer 12 of bluish�gray laminated clays that are 70 cmthick. The MS�3 palynoassemblage is characterized bythe high taxonomic diversity of miospores, including14 infraturms, 36 genera, and 71 species (Fig. 2a). Thepalynoassemblage is dominanted by representatives ofthe infraturma Cingulizonocavati (57% from theamount of all spores, Fig. 2b). The quantity of theLycospora pusilla (Ibrahim) Somers is at a maximumin this group (53%). The spores of the Cingulizonatesgenus occur in a lesser amount (4%) and include threespecies, the most significant of which is C. bialatus(Waltz) Smith et Butterworth. Only 9% of miosporesof the palynoassemblage is dominanted by representa�tives of the infraturma Cingulizonocavati belong to thePseudosacciti infraturma, which includes Schul�zospora (8%) and Remysporites (1%) genera. The mostimportant species are Schulzospora campyloptera(Waltz) Hoffmeister, Staplin et Malloy; S. conforma(Kedo et Jushko) N. Umnova, and Remysporites mag�nificus (Horst) Butterworth et Williams.

It should be noted that specificity of the MS�3palynoassemblage is characterized by high diversity ofthe miospores of rare occurence such genera as theLeiotriletes, Trachytriletes, Granulatisporites, Cyclog�ranisporites, Raistrikia, Triquitrites, Tripartites, Auro�raspora, Grandispora, Knoxisporites, and Diatomozo�notriletes.

The infraturma Laevigati is characterized by fourgenera and ten species (Fig. 2a), but contains only 8%of the typical forms of the palynoassemblage. Themost significant genera are represented by Leiotriletes(3%), Punctatisporites (2%), and Trachytriletes (1%).The infraturma Apiculati consists of five genera and12 species and a number of miospores is only 5% fromthe entire palynoassemblage (Fig. 2a). Typical generaare Granulatisporites (2%) and Cyclogranisporites (1%).The content of the Iugisporis, Anaplanisporites, andConvolutispora spores with spine�like and vermiculateornamentation (Fig. 3) is less than 1%. The speciesNeoraistrikia grovensis (Schopf) Oshurkova and Raist�rikia nigra Love were observed among the spores with

columnar–spinose ornamentation (infraturma Mix�tati) in the palynoassemblage (Fig. 3).

The presence of the miospores Tripartites (3%) andTriquitrites (2%) from the infraturma Auriculati (5%)is another significant feature of the palynoassemblage.Their species diversity is limited by six species withstratigraphically important Tripartites vetustusSchemel (Fig. 3i), T. nongueriekei Potonie et Kremp,Triquitrites comptus Williams (Fig. 4g), T. marginatusHoffmeister, Staplin et Malloy (Fig. 3f), and T. tri�valvis (Waltz) Potonie et Kremp (Fig. 3h) species. Thepalynoassemblage contains such genera as the Auro�raspora (2%), Calyptosporites (2%), and Grandispora(1%) from the infraturma Zonocavati. The spores of thementioned genera are represented by ten species, themost typical of which are Auroraspora granulata (Kedo)Oshurkova, A. micromanifesta (Hacqubard) Richard�son, Calyptosporites arenaceus (Neves et Owens)Oshurkova, and Grandispora spinosa Hoffmeister, Stap�lin et Malloy.

The representatives of the infraturma Cingulati inthe palynoassemblage are of rare occurrence andinclude the species of the genus Knoxisporites (2%):K. stephanephorus Love (Fig. 3d), K. triradiatusHoffmeister, Staplin et Malloy (Fig. 3e), and K. trian�gularis (Kedo) Byvscheva. Besides, the Lower Viseanmiospores of such species as zonate Monilospora vari�omarginata (Playford) Byvscheva and cingulate Cris�tatisporites radialis (Jushko et Byvscheva) Byvschevaare marked into the palynoassemblage. The Tournai�sian form Vallatisporites dyctyopterus (Waltz) Byvschevaet N. Umnova is of sporadically occurrence in thepalynoassemblage.

The age of the palynoassemblage MS�3 is no olderthan Aleksinian according to the presence of the indexspecies of the CBd palynozone Triquitrites comptusand stratigraphically significant miospores of the Ale�ksinian palynoassemblage Tripartites vetustus, T. non�gueriekei, Schulzospora conforma, and S. campy�loptera. These features were marked by N.I. Umnovaand T.V. Byvsheva (Umnova, 1980; Makhlina et al.,1993) as distinctive attributes of the palynoassemblageof the CBd palynozone of the Aleksinian regionalstage in the zonal scheme by miospores of the EastEuropean platform (Reshenie…, 1990).

In concordance with the aforementioned featuresthe palynoassemblage MS�3 is considered as themeaningful element of the Aleksinian palynoassem�blage of the south wing of the Moscow Syneclise.

COMPARISON OF THE STUDIED PALYNOASSEMBLAGE WITH ZONAL

PALYNOASSEMBLAGES FROM EUROPE

The key species of miospores that are convenient forthe interregional correlation (Tripartites vetustus, T. non�guerkiekei, Triquitrites comptus, T. marginatus, Raistrikianigra, Remysporites magnificus, and Calyptosporites aren�aceus) were identified in the palynoassemblage MS�3.



Lycospora53%Leiotriletes

3%

Tripartites3%

Triquitrites2%

Lycospora

Schulzospora8%

Cingulizonates4%

Cingulizonates Schulzospora Tripartites Triquitrites Leiotriletes

Genera,whose amounts is less 3%

27%

Infraturma Apiculati (5%)

Infraturma Murornati (1%)

Infraturma Foveolati (1%)

Infraturma Laevigati (8%)

Infraturma Mixtati (1%)

Infraturma Auriculati (5%) Infraturma Zonocavati (5%)

Infraturma Cingulizonocavati (57%)Infraturma Cingulati (3%)

Infraturma Cingulicavati (2%)

Infraturma Crassiti (1%)

Infraturma Tricrassati (1%)

Infraturma Pseudosacciti (9%)

Infraturma Laevigatomonoleti (1%)

Number of species

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

(b)

(a)

Fig. 2. Taxonomic diversity of the palynoassemblage: (a) amount of the major genera in the MS�3 palynoassemblage; (b) rose�diagram, which shows the amount of species in each infraturma. The content of each infraturma is shown in %.

It was compared with zonal palynoassemblage fromdifferent regions of Western and Eastern Europe.

According to the miospore zonation scheme of theEast European platform (Makhlina et al., 1993), the

species Tripartites vetustus and T. nongueriekei firstappeared in the Triquitrites comptus–Cingulizonatesbialatus var. distinctus (CBd) palynozone of the Ale�ksinian regional stage. In the miospore zonation of

32


MAMONTOV, ORLOVA

Great Britain, the first appearance of the abovemen�tioned species marked the lower boundary of the Tri�partites vetustus–Rotaspora fracta (VF) palynozone ofthe Brigantian Substage (Neves et al., 1973) (Fig. 4).

The appearance of the index species of the VF palyno�zone characterized the Late Visean (Brigantian) age ofdeposits in many sections of Portugal (Pereira et al.,2006) and Central Poland (Filipiak, 2004). Besides

(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i)

(j) (k)

50 µm

Fig. 3. Typical miospore species in the MS�3 palynoassemblage: (a) Neoraistrikia grovensis (Schopf) Oshurkova, sample MS�3/1;(b) Raistrikia nigra Love, sample MS�3/1; (c) Convolutispora florida Hoffmeister, Staplin et Malloy, sample MS�3/1; (d) Knoxisporitesstephanephorus Love, sample MS�3/2; (e) Knoxisporites triradiatus Hoffmeister, Staplin et Malloy, sample Ms�3/2; (f) Triquitritesmarginatus Hoffmeister, Staplin et Malloy, sample Ms�3/2; (g) Triquitrites comptus Williams, sample MS�3/2; (h) Triquitrites tri�valvis (Waltz) Potonie et Kremp, sample MS�3/3; (i) Tripartites vetustus Schemel, sample MS�3/3; (j) Calyptosporites arenaceus(Neves et Owens) Oshurkova, sample MS�3/3; (k) Schulzospora campyloptera (Waltz) Hoffmeister, Staplin et Malloy, sample MS�3/3.Lower Carboniferous, Visean Stage, Upper Visean Substage, Aleksinian regional stage, Aleksinian Formation, CBd palynozone;Kaluga region, Mstikhino village, cross section of the abandoned Mstikhino quarry, first bench, layer 12, bluish gray clay.



(Neves et al., 1973; Clayton et al., 1977; Owens et al., 1978; Jager, 2002; Filipiak, 2004; Somerville, 2008) (Makhlina et al., 1993;Gekker, 2012;

Conil et al., 1990)

Russia (East European platform)

StageRegional substage Western Europe, Central Poland Germany Ukraine

Zones by Palynozones Hor

izon

BelgiumGreat

α–β

γδ

foraminifersBritainZones First appearance of miospore species

by corals

αβ

Zones by foraminifersPalynozones

of the widespread occurence

Bri

gan

tian

Mik

hay

lovi

an

Var

nan

tian

Ale

ksin

ian

Vis

ean

Asb

ian

Tul

ian

Liv

ian

Hol

keri

an

?

?

Bob

riki

an

Grandispora spinosaTripartites nongueriekeiTripartites vetustus

Calyptosporites arenaceusRemysporites magnificus

Triquitrites

Triquitrites comptusRaistrikia nigra

marginatus

MF

Z15

MF

Z14

MF

Z13

MF

Z12

RC

8R

C 7

RC

6

Eos

tafe

lla ik

ensi

sE

. pro

iken

sis–

A. g

igas

E. c

ompr

essa

–A

. kre

stov

niko

vi

Bellisporites nitidus–

Reticulatisporitescarnosus

Cf6

Cf5

Tripartitesvetustus–Rotaspora

fracta

VF

NC

Raistrikianigra–

Triquitritesmarginatus

NM

Perotriletestessellatus–

Schulzosporacampyloptera

TC

Knoxisporitestriradiatus–Knoxisporites

stephanephorus

TS

Val

lati

spor

ites

var

iabi

lisV

Cin

guliz

onat

es b

iala

tus–

Sim

ozon

otri

lete

s br

evis

pino

sus

BB

Tri

quit

rite

s co

mpt

us–

Cin

guliz

onat

esbi

alat

us v

ar. d

isti

nctu

sC

bd

Tri

part

ites

vet

ustu

sV

e

Mur

ospo

ra a

urita

(M

A)

Mic

rosp

orit

es r

adia

tus–

Pot

onie

spor

es d

elic

atus

(M

R–

PD

)

Tri

part

ites

vet

ustu

s–D

icty

otri

lete

s pe

ltatu

s

VP

Fig. 4. Comparison of the Visean palynozones from Great Britain, Germany, Ukraine, and Russia. The spore label with arrowindicates the first appearance of a miospore species in the palynozone.

key species of the VF palynozone the numerousmiospores associated with the underlying Raistrikianigra–Triquitrites marginatus (NM) palynozone of theAsbian Substage, are presented in the palynoassemblageof the VF palynozone in addition to key species. Some ofthem were found in the MS�3 palynoassemblage, e.g.,

Raistrikia nigra, Triquitrites comptus, T. marginatus,Remysporites magnificus, Calyptosporites arenaceus,Knoxisporites stephanephorus, and K. triradiatus.Appearance of the abovementioned miospore speciesis recorded into upper part of the Cingulizonates biala�tus–Simozonotriletes brevispinosus (BB) palynozone of

34


MAMONTOV, ORLOVA

the Tulian regional stage (Makhlina et al., 1993).Unfortunately, many of these species are absentamong the typical miospores of the BB, CBd, and Vepalynozones in previous publications (Umnova, 1980;Makhlina et al., 1993). Consequently, based on theaforementioned facts Aleksinian palynoassemblage ofthe East Europe platform is well corresponded withBriganthian palynoassemblage from the West Europe.

In Donbass, the lower boundary of the Microsporitesradiatus–Potoniespores delicatus (MR–PD) palyno�zone is defined by the first appearance of the Tripar�tites vetustus, which is well correlated with theB1 limestone and the lower boundary of foraminiferalzone Loeblichia ukrainika, which is determined theBrigantian age of the deposits (Poletaev et al., 1990).Clayton (1985) compared the base of the VF palyno�zone with the lower boundary of the MR–PD palyno�zone by the first appearance of the Tripartites vetustus(Fig. 4). In addition, the species Triquitrites margina�tus, Raistrikia nigra, and Remysporites magnificusappear in the uppermost part of the Murospora aurita(MA) palynozone, which is compared with the NMpalynozone of Great Britain. The typical speciesCalyptosporites arenaceus of the NM palinozoneappears in the MR–PD palynozone of the Donbass.Consequently, the palynoassemblage MS�3 is com�pared with the palynoassemblage of the lower part ofthe MR–PD zone, which is corresponded to the VFpalynozone of the Lower Brigantian of Great Britain(Owens et al., 1990).

In northern Germany (Rügen Island), the appear�ance of the Tripartites vetustus, Raistrikia nigra, andTriquitrites marginatus is confined to the lower bound�ary of the Tripartites vetustus–Dictyotriletes peltatus(VP) palynozone (Jager, 2002), which is correlatedwith the NM and VF palynozones of Western Europe(Fig. 4). The palynoassemblage MS�3 is partiallycompared with those of the VP palynozone of theBriganian.

Somerville (2008) correlated the lower boundary ofthe VF palynozone with the basement of foraminiferalzones by MFZ15 and Cf6�δ based on the comparisonof the zonation schemes of Visean Stage of the WesternEurope. The subzone CF6�δ corresponds to the Lowerand Upper Brigantian deposits. The VF palynozone iscorrelated with the Lower Brigantian (Somerville,2008). The appearance of the Asteroarchaediscus,Parajanishewskina, Archaediscus karreri, Bradyinarotula, Howchinia bradyana, Neoparchaediscus carrer�iformis, and Loeblichia paraammonoides foraminifersis typical of the Lower Brigantian part of the Cf6�δsubzone (Somerville, 2008; Conil et al., 1990). Addi�tionally such index species as the Archaediscus karreri,Howchinia sp., Bradyina rotula, Pseudoammodiscusvolgensis and other species are typical of foraminiferalzone Eostafella proikensis–Archaediscus gigas of theAleksinian regional stage of the Moscow Syneclise(Makhlina et al., 1993; Gekker, 2012). In concor�dance with the taxonomical similarity of the palynoas�

semblages from the two regions (Moscow Synecliseand Western Europe), the E. proikensis–A. gigas zonemay be partially compared with the Cf6�δ subzone ofthe Lower Brigantian.

CONCLUSIONS

Thus, the specific palynoassemblage MS�3 fromthe Aleksinian deposits of the Mstikhino quarry ischaracterized by the noticeable taxonomic diversity(71 species) but the many of the species are of rareoccurence. The Aleksinian age of the deposits wasestablished by the presence of the typical and indexspecies of the CBd palynozone. The palynoassem�blage MS�3 of the CBd palynozone of the MoscowSyneclise has been corresponded with the zonalpalynoassemblage of the VF palynozone of the LowerBrigantian of the Western Europe, based on (i) the firstappearance of the Tripartites vetustus species in thebasement of the Brigantian, (ii) the presence of thenumerous common species of the CBd and VFpalynozones, and (iii) independent correlation ofzones by foraminifers for the deposits of the Aleksinianregional stage and Lower Brigantian.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank the employee of the Departmentof Paleontology of MSU, Yu.I. Rostovtseva, and the post�graduates Ya.A. Popov, A.K. Ryumin, and K.G. Pustovoitfor assistance in field works. We are grateful to the Profes�sor of the Department of Paleontology of MSU,A.S. Alekseev, for valuable advice and rendering ofgeological documentation on the studied deposit, theleading scientific researcher of the Karpinskii RussianGeological Research Institute, M.V. Oshurkova, forthematic consultations and help in identification ofmiospores, and employees of the Laboratory of Paleo�botanics of the Borisyak Paleontological Institute ofthe Russian Academy of Sciences N.E. Zavialova andM.V. Tekleva for the use of an AxionPlan 2 Imaging(Carl Zeiss) microscope during the photography of thepalynological material. The work was supported by theRussian Foundation for Basic Research (projectsnos. 11�04�01604 and 12�04�32178).

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Translated by I. Melekestseva

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PALYNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE UPPER VISEAN DEPOSITS FROM THE MSTIKHINO QUARRY (KALUGA REGION)