3

5

Table of ContentsExecutive Summary 7

1. Preamble 8

2. Context and Scenario of C&D Waste in India 9

2.1Generationestimates 9

2.2CurrentC&Dwastemanagementpractices 10

2.3BestpracticeofC&DwastemanagementinIndia 10

2.4PotentialforC&DwasteutilisationinIndia 12

3. Highlights of C&D Waste Rules 2016 18

4. Rationale/Justification for C&D Waste Strategy 21

4.1Economic/Social 21

4.2Environmental 21

4.3Congruencewithexistinggovernmentpoliciesandpriorities 21

5. Assessment of Challenges and Roadblocks 23

5.1Municipalbodies/Localauthorities 23

5.2Privatesector/Constructionindustry 24

5.3StateGovernmentAgencies/Departments 25

6. Proposed C&D Waste Management Model 26

7. Components of C&D Waste Strategy 29

7.1InventorisationandcharacterisationofC&Dwaste 29

7.2Planningassistance(Handholding)forcities 30

7.3Promotingstate-levelfacilitation 30

7.4Promotionofawarenessinconstructionindustry 31

7.5PromotingutilisationofC&Dwasterecycledproducts 32

8. Recommendation Summary and Action Agenda 34

Annexures 38

1. PreferentialProcurementPolicy–Ahmedabad 38

2. SampleConstruction/DemolitionPermit 40

3. ProductsmadefromC&Dwaste 41

6

List of Tables

Table1:C&DwastegenerationinselectIndiancities 9

Table2:KeyfeaturesoftheDelhiandAhmedabadC&Dwastemanagementplans 11

Table3:UtilisationofprocessedC&Dwaste 13

Table4:PrescribedutilisationofrecycledaggregatesinBIS383:2016 14

Table5:CertificationofpavingblocksproducedbyAEP,Ahmedabad 15

Table6:Dutiesandresponsibilitiesofstakeholdersunder2016Rules 18

Table7.FormsprovidedwithC&DWasteRules 20

Table8:TIFACthumbrule 26

List of Figures

Figure1:TypicalcompositionofC&DwasteinIndia 12

Figure2:C&Dwasteprocessingstepsandoutputs 12

Figure3:Testresultscomparingpaverblocksmadefromnaturalaggregatesversusrecycled aggregatesfromC&Dwaste 13

Figure4:Costcomparisonofpavingblocksmadewithnaturalvs.recycledaggregates 14

Figure6:Timelinesforimplementationofthe2016Rules 19

Figure7:CompliancecriteriaforC&Dwasteprocessingfacility 20

Figure8:MaterialandcashflowinstandardisedC&Dwastemanagementmodelinacitywith processingunit 27

Figure9:MaterialandcashflowforastandardisedC&Dwastemanagementmodelwithoutacentralprocessingunit 28

7

The Construction and Demolition (C&D) wastemanagement and utilisation strategy is intended to helpfacilitatetheimplementationoftheC&DWasteRules2016toensurethatULBsacrossthecountryareabletoadoptproperC&Dwastemanagementandrecycledproductsfindappropriateandadequateutilisation.AlthoughIndiaproducesenormousamountsofC&Dwasteandvolumesareexpectedtogrowfurtherwithtime,therearenoreliableestimatesofgenerationvolume,eitheratthelocalornationallevel.Managementofthewastehashistoricallybeenpoor,withaverysmallfractiondivertedforreuseandtherestdumped,ofteninanunauthorisedmanner,causingmyriadenvironmentalproblems.

TheC&DWasteRules2016laidoutdetaileddutiesandresponsibilitiesofdifferentstakeholdersrangingfromwastegeneratorstoULBstostateandcentralgovernmentministriesandagencies.Italsoprovidedtemplatesfordocumentsneeded foreachmanagement step toease implementation.However, implementationoftheseRuleshasnotbeentothefullextent,despiteguidelinesandadvisoriesinsupportoftheRulesbeingissuedbydifferentagenciessuchasCPWD,BMTPC,MoHUA,etc.DelhiandAhmedabadhavepioneeredC&DwastemanagementinIndiawithadoptionofPublicPrivatePartnership(PPP)whichisregardedassustainable.BestpracticeinIndiaandabroadshowsthat80-90%ofC&Dwastecanbereusedafterprocessinginavarietyofapplicationsincludinglandscaping,earthworksandcivilengineeringapplications.Processingtechnologyisalsonotcomplicated,comprisingmainlyofcrushing,screeningandwashingtorecovercoarseandfinerecycledaggregates,whichcanthenbeuseddirectlyorconvertedintopre-castproducts.Independenttestinghasconfirmedthatthequalityofproductsmadefromrecycledaggregatescanmeetrelevantstandardsandcostofsuchproductscanalsobecompetitivewiththatofconventionalproductsprovidedtransportationdistancesarenotprohibitive.BISandtheIndianRoadsCongresshavealsocomeupwithstandardsprescribinglimitsuptowhichrecycledaggregatescanbesafelyusedindifferentapplications.

Despitesuchprospects,C&Dwastemanagementandutilisationhasnotprogressedasenvisagedunderthe2016Rulesduetoseveralfactors.ThebiggestchallengesareattheULBlevel.Inadditiontoland,financialresourcesandpersonnelconstraints,ULBcapacitiestodevelopthemanagementandbusinessmodelarelimited.Intheabsenceofadequatestate-levelfacilitation,ULBscontinuetodedicatetheirlimitedresourcestowardsMSW,whichisseenasahigherprioritybythepublic.Additionally,theconstructionindustryhasitsownsetofchallenges.Demolitionhashistoricallybeendominatedbysmallplayerswithentrenchedwaysofworkingwhichofteninvolve“gettingrid”ofthewastetocutcosts.Ontheotherhand,recycledproductsareperceivedasinferiorinqualityandthereareconcernsabouttheireconomicviability.

In this context, without a coordinated effort, implementation at the necessary scale will still remain achallengeforallitsstakeholders.MinistryofHousingandUrbanAffairsalongwithitsspecialisedagenciesand/orempanelledconsultantsshallhandholdtheULBsforC&Dwastemanagement.AnadhocexperttaskforceneedstobecreatedfordevelopingastandardmethodologyforinventorisationandcharacterisationofC&Dwaste.Anonlineweb-portal,aspartoftheexistingSwachhBharatMissionportal,maybeusedfordataagglomerationforproperinventorisationaswellasfordisseminationofbestpractices,toolkitsontechnology,managementandbusinessmodels,etc.Inparallel,facilitationbystatelevelagenciesanddepartments(suchasUrbanDevelopment)needstobeacceleratedtoensurewideimplementationthroughouteachstate,andnot just ina fewpioneercities.Specialemphasisshouldbeplacedontheneedsofsmallertownswherethegenerationmaynotbeenoughtojustifyalargecentralprocessingfacility.Sustainedengagementwiththe construction industrywill also be important, in collaborationwith industry associations such as BAI,CREDAI,etc.,addressingboththeirrolesasresponsiblegeneratorsofwasteandpotentialusersofrecycledproducts.Finally,thereneedstobeapushtopromoteutilisationofrecycledproductsthroughavarietyofchannels includingpublic procurement,developmentof standards and certification, green rating,qualityassurance,GSTrebates,andsoon.Thismulti-facetedfacilitationstrategy,incollaborationwithawiderangeof stakeholders, needs tobe sustainedover themedium term,till thetimea viablemarket for recycledproductsdevelops,allowingtheprivatesectortoprofitablypursuerecyclingonitsown.

Executive Summary

8

Aspartoftheon-goingsupporttoResourceEfficiencyStrategyofNITIAayogandEuropeanDelegationtoIndia,theEuropeanUnionResourceEfficiencyInitiativeforIndia(EU-REI),aconsortiumledbytheDeutscheGesellschaftfürInternationaleZusammenarbeit(GIZ)GmbHwithTheEnergyandResourcesInstitute(TERI),ConfederationoftheIndianIndustry(CII)andadelphiproposedtodevelopacomprehensiveConstructionand Demolition (C&D) waste management strategy to promote circular economy in India. The goal ofthestrategy is toprovidea frameworkof implementationof theC&DWasteManagementRules,2016.PrimarybeneficiariesofthestrategywillbetheUrbanLocalBodies(ULBs),CentralandStatePublicWorksDepartments(CPWD&SPWD),LocalContractors.ThestrategywillstrengthentheexistingpolicyframeworkbyMinistryofEnvironment,ForestsandClimateChange(MoEFCC)aswellasentrustBuildingMaterials&TechnologyPromotionCouncil(BMTPC),MinistryofHousingandUrbanAffairs(MoHUA)tofurtherdeveloptheimplementationroadmap.Furthermore,thestudywillcreateadditionalvalueforrelevantregulatory(e.g., Central Pollution Control Board) and implementing bodies, such as public enterprises involved ininfrastructure development tasked with management of C&D waste. In addition, the paper will informstrategicdecisionmakingonresourceefficiencyatNITIAayog.

1. Preamble

9

Duetorapidurbanisation,India’sconstructionsectorisprojectedtogrowatarateof7-8%overthenext10yearsandislikelytobecometheworld’sthirdlargestbythemiddleofthenextdecade1.Itisestimatedthatalmost70%ofbuildingssupposedtoexistby2030areyettobebuilt2.Suchmassiveconstructionwillrelyheavilyonrawmaterialssuchassand(forconcreteandmortar),soil(forclaybricks),stone(foraggregates)andlimestone(forcement);theextractionandproductionofwhichhavesignificantecologicalimpacts.Someofthesematerials,especiallysand,arealreadyfacingsupplyconstraints(oftenduetoenvironmentalbansandrestrictions),thusaffectingthesector.CurrentestimatedannualconsumptionofthesefivecategoriesofmaterialsaredepictedinBoxA3.

2.1 Generation estimates

TheconstructionboominIndia is leadingtothegenerationofenormous quantities of C&Dwaste and this trend is likely tofurther increase in thedecades ahead. Especially in theoldercities, significant demolition often precedes construction, asolder buildings are demolished tomakeway for newer ones,typicallyhigh-rises.AlthoughcomprehensiveestimatesofC&Dwaste generation in the country are not known,12-15milliontonnes/annumgenerationisreportedbyaTIFACstudyin20014. With a significant construction boom, many experts believethatthisquantumisunderestimated5,6.A2015surveyof10cities7acrossIndiaalsoseemstoreinforcetheconclusionthattheTIFAC2001estimateisprobablyasignificantunderestimate(seeTable1).

Table 1: C&D Waste Generation in Select Indian Cities7

*Dailygenerationhasbeenmultipliedby300tocalculateannualgenerationsinceCDWgenerationisnotconstantthroughouttheyear,almostdisappearingduringthemonsoonrainyseason

1 Bettsetal. (2013).GlobalConstruction2025:AGlobalForecast fortheConstruction Industryto2025.GlobalConstructionPerspectivesandOxfordEconomics.

2 Sankheetal.(2010).India’sUrbanAwakening:BuildingInclusiveCities,SustainingEconomicGrowth.McKinseyGlobalInstitute.3 GIZ,TERIandDA.(2016).MaterialConsumptionPatternsinIndia:ABaselineStudyoftheAutomotiveandConstructionSectors.NewDelhi,GIZ.4 TIFAC.(2001).UtilisationofWastefromConstructionIndustry.NewDelhi.5 CentreforScience&Environment.(2014).CSEBrief.NewDelhi.See:http://cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Construction-and%20-demolition-waste.pdf6 Ram,V.andKalidindi,S.(2017).EstimationofconstructionanddemolitionwasteusinggenerationratesfromChennai,India.WasteManagement

andResearch,35(6):610-617.7 GIZ andDA. (2015). Resource Efficiency in the Indian Construction Sector:Market Evaluation of theUse of Secondary RawMaterials from

ConstructionandDemolitionWaste.NewDelhi,GIZ.

BOX A:

Estimated annual consumption of construction materials in India

Sand:750milliontonnes Soil:350millionm3 Stone(aggregate):2billiontonnes Limestone:242milliontonnes Cement:297milliontonnes

2. Context and Scenario of C&D Waste in India

City Population (Census 2011)

Daily CDW generation (tonnes/day)

Annual CDW generation* (million tonnes/annum)

Mumbai 12,442,373 2,500 0.75Delhi 16,787,941 4,600 1.38Bengaluru 8,443,675 875 0.26Chennai 6,500,000 2,500 0.75Kolkata 4,496,694 1,600 0.48Jaipur 3,471,847 200 0.06Patna 2,514,590 250 0.08Ahmedabad 6,063,047 700 0.21Bhopal 1,917,051 50 0.02Coimbatore 2,618,940 92 0.03

10

The2017CPCB‘GuidelinesonEnvironmentalManagementofC&DWaste’,alsoquotetheabove-mentioneddataforninecities,excludingDelhi8.ItfurtherhighlightsthatthequantumofC&Dwastegenerationvaryovertime.

The2018“ReadyReckoner”onCDWgenerationreleasedbytheBuildingsMaterials&TechnologyPromotionCouncil (BMTPC), MoHUA estimates that 100 million tonnes of CDW is the closest approximation fornationwidegeneration.Thisfigureisbasedonzero-basedestimatewithexistinghousingstockof110,139,853inurbanareasand220,695,914inruralareas(basedon2011Census),coupledwithrateofrenovationandnewconstructionof5.75billionsq.m.areaduring2005-2012.ThisonceagainreaffirmsthatTIFAC2001dataneedsrevisionthrougharobustmethodologyforinventorisationandregulardatacollection.9

2.2 Current C&D Waste Management Practices

ManagementofC&Dwasteisstillachallengeforurbanlocalbodies.Mostcitiesdonothaveformaldemolitionpermits anddevelopers hire local contractors for demolition. Even government agencies like PWD invitebidsfordemolitionbasedonwhatcontractorswouldpayforrecoverables.Therecoverablesofimmediatesecondarymarketvalue,suchasmetalrods,pipesandfixtures,woodenframes,etc.,aresalvagedbytheinformalsector, typically fromdemolitionsites, leavingbehindthe“rubble”composedofbulkymaterialssuchasconcrete,stones,bricksandmortar,etc.Asmallfractionofthisrubbleisfrequentlyusedforlandlevellingandback-fillinginconstructionprojectsbyprivatecontractorsanddemolitioncontractorsarrangefor its transportationtositeswhere it isneeded. It isestimatedthatsuchusesmayaccount foronly10-30%ofgeneratedC&Dwastedependingonthesiteandregion.10TheremainingfractionofC&Dwasteisdisposed,eitherindesignatedlandfills/dumpsitesorofteninunauthorisedplacessuchasroadsides,riverbedsandlow-lyingareascausingahostofnuisance,safetyandenvironmentalproblems.

2.3 Best Practices of C&D Waste Management in India

ScientificprocessingandutilisationofC&Dwastehasachieved isolatedsuccesses in India.Delhiwas thefirstcitytoimplementaC&Dwastemanagementplanthroughapilotprocessingfacilitydevelopedunderapublic-private-partnership(PPP)in2010.Aftertheinitialsuccessofthepilotplantprocessingwasteat500tonnesperday(TPD),thecapacityoftheplanthasbeenincreasedto2,000TPD.Tominimisetransportationdistancesandassociatedcosts,Delhiplannedtohaveadistributednetworkofprocessingfacilitiesindifferentzonesofthecity.Accordingly,twomoresmaller(500TPDand150TPDrespectively)plantshaverecentlycomeonline(2017-18),withplanningformoreunderway.

AhmedabadwasthesecondcityinIndiatoimplementC&Dwasteprocessing,byadoptingasimilarPPPmodelasthatinDelhi.A300TPDprocessingfacilitywaslaunchedin2014,thecapacityofwhichwasincreasedto600TPD2016aftersuccessfuloperationandnowto1,000TPDin2018.

8 CentralPollutionControlBoard.(2017).GuidelinesofEnvironmentalManagementofC&DWastes.NewDelhi,CPCB9 BuildingMaterials & Technology Promotion Council. (2018). Utilisation of Recycled Produce of Construction& DemolitionWaste: A Ready

Reckoner.NewDelhi.MinistryofHousing&UrbanAffairs.10 GIZ andDA. (2015). Resource Efficiency in the Indian Construction Sector:Market Evaluation of theUse of Secondary RawMaterials from

ConstructionandDemolitionWaste.NewDelhi,GIZ.

11

Table2summarisesthekeyfeaturesoftheDelhiandAhmedabadC&Dwastemanagementplans.

Feature Delhi Ahmedabad

Yearestablished 2010 2014

Model

PublicPrivatePartnershipbetweenDelhiMunicipalCorporation(NewDelhiMunicipalCorporation–NDMCandEastDelhiMunicipalCorporation-EDMC)andIL&FSEnvironmentalInfrastructure&ServicesLimited

PublicPrivatePartnershipbetweenAhmedabadMunicipalCorporationandAmdavadEnviroProjectsPrivateLimited(AEP)

Numberofprocessingplants3inoperation(moreinplanningstages)

1

CapacityFirstplant:2,000TPD Secondplant:500TPD Thirdplant:150TPD

300TPD

(increasedcapacityto1000TPD)

TippingFee(INRpertonne)

ForNDMC11ServiceArea: 147/tonne(withannualescalationof5%) ForEDMC12ServiceArea:375/tonne(withannualescalationof3%)

178/tonne

Products

Recycledaggregates,manufacturedsand,paverblocks,curbstones,tiles,hollowblocks/bricks

Paverblocks,tiles,hollowblocks/bricks,pre-fabricatedstructureslikeframes,manholecovers,benches,etc.

Table 2: Key Features of the Delhi and Ahmedabad C&D Waste Management Plans

InbothDelhiandAhmedabad,DesignBuildOperateFinanceandTransfer(DBOFT)modelisbeingfollowed.TheMunicipal Corporation contracts a private party and this authorised agency is responsible for bothtransportationandprocessingof theC&Dwaste anddevelops thenecessary infrastructurewith its ownfinancing. TheMunicipal Corporation offers land to the contracted party for establishing the processingfacility and also designates a series of intermediate collection points at favourable locations throughoutthecity.TheauthorisedagencycollectsC&Dwastefromthesedesignatedcollectionpointsaswellasfromunauthoriseddumps,asdirectedby theurbanauthority, and transports it to theprocessing facility. Themunicipalcorporationpaystheauthorisedagencyanagreedfeepertonneofwastethat iscollectedandtransported.Theauthorisedagencymayalsocollectfeesdirectlyfromlargegenerators(suchasMetroRail)forwastecollection;however,ifgeneratorsbringwastetotheprocessingfacilityattheirownexpense,theagencyacceptitwithoutcharge.Therefore,theprivatepartnerhastwosourcesofrevenue–the“tippingfee”fromtheULBandthesaleofrecycledproductsmadefromC&Dwaste.Thisensurestheviabilityoftheenterprise.However, inbothDelhiandAhmedabad,marketuptakeofrecycledproductsmadefromC&Dwasteremainsanongoingchallenge.

11. NewDelhiMunicipalCouncil12.EastDelhiMunicipalCorporation

12

2.4 Potential for C&D Waste Utilisation in India

Recycling and Products

Characterisation study of C&Dwaste in India by TIFAC (2001) shows thatmost fractions including bulkymaterial(concrete,bricks)andfines(sand,excavationsoil)areamenabletorecyclingwithproperprocessingequipmentandtechniques.Figure1showsthetypicalcompositionofC&DwasteinIndia.

Figure 1: Typical Composition of C&D Waste in India13111213

RecyclingofC&Dwastestartswithsegregationofunwantedresidualmaterialsuchasplastic,wood,metalfragments,etc(constituting10%ofthetotalwasteaspertheTIFACcomposition).Theremainingbulkywasteis fed intocrushersandreducedtosmallerandsmallersizes,withsizefractionsseparateddependingonenduse.Finesaretypicallybestrecoveredwitha“wetprocess”.AsimplifieddiagramdepictingC&DwasteprocessingisshowninFigure2.

Figure 2: C&D Waste Processing Steps and Outputs

Theserecycledcoarseandfineaggregatescanbeuseddirectlyinconstructionortomanufacturearangeofpre-castproducts,asshowninTable3.AselectionofproductsmadefromrecycledaggregatesisshowninAnnex3.

13 TIFAC.(2001).UtilisationofWastefromConstructionIndustry.NewDelhi:TechnologyInformation,ForecastingandAssessmentCouncil.12 13

Primary segregation

Primary screening

Sand washing

Dust removal

Coarse

Sand & Silt

Fine

Clay

Secondary screening

Primary crushing

Secondary crushing

13

Table 3: Utilisation of Processed C&D Waste

Cost and Quality

Repeated testingby thecompanies inDelhiandAhmedabad,aswell asby independent researchershasdemonstratedthatproductsmadefromC&Dwastemeetorexceedminimumstandardsfortheirintendedapplications.AstudybyGIZandDevelopmentAlternatives (2015)14 testedcompressivestrengthofpaverblocksmadefromC&DwastecollectedinBangaloreandAhmedabadasperBIS15658:2006protocol.TheresultsaredepictedinFigure3.

Figure 3: Test Results Comparing Paver Blocks Made from Natural Aggregates versus Recycled Aggregates from C&D Waste15

Productsmadefromrecycledaggregatestypicallytendtohaveacostadvantageoverconventionalproductssincenaturalaggregatesaretransportedoverlongdistancesinmostplaces.ThisholdstrueaslongasthecollectionandtransportationcostofC&Dwastedoesnotbecomeexceedinglyhighduetolongtransportationdistances.TheGIZ-DevelopmentAlternativesstudy13modelledproductioncostsforpavingblocksmadefromnaturalversusrecycledaggregatesusingactualcostfiguresfromDelhi(assumingcollectionandprocessingcost at Rs. 400/tonne). The results (Figure 4) show cost advantages of 19-22% for blocks using recycledaggregates.

14 GIZandDevelopmentAlternatives.(2015).ResourceEfficiencyintheIndianConstructionSector:MarketEvaluationoftheUseofSecondaryRawMaterialsfromConstructionandDemolitionWaste.NewDelhi,GIZ.

15 TIFAC.(2001).UtilisationofWastefromConstructionIndustry.NewDelhi:TechnologyInformation,ForecastingandAssessmentCouncil.

14

Figure 4: Cost Comparison of Paving Blocks made with Natural vs Recycled Aggregates 16

Standards and Certification

Recycledaggregateshavedifferentandnon-uniformpropertiesandthereforecannotbeusedsafelyforallkindsofapplications.However,theycanbesafelyusedinavarietyofapplications,whennecessaryrestrictionsareinplace.BIShasrevisedtheBIS383standardin2016toallowforspecificusesofrecycledcoarseandfineaggregateswithincertainrestrictions(seeTable4).

Table 4: Prescribed Utilisation of Recycled Aggregates in BIS 383: 2016

TheNationalBuildingCodeofIndia(2005)alsoallowsfortheuseofrecycledaggregatesincertainapplications(seeBoxB).

16 TIFAC.(2001).UtilisationofWastefromConstructionIndustry.NewDelhi:TechnologyInformation,ForecastingandAssessmentCouncil.

S.No. Type of AggregateMaximum Utilisation, %

Plain Cement Concrete

Reinforced Cement Concrete

Lean Concrete (less than M15 grade)

1 CoarseAggregateRecycledConcreteAggregate(RCA)

2520 (only up to M25Grade)

100

RecycledAggregateRA) Nil Nil 100

2 FineAggregate

RCA 2520 (only up to M25Grade)

100

15

TheIndianRoadsCongress(IRC)hasissued‘IRC-121:2017GuidelinesforUseofC&DWasteinRoadSector’outliningwhatkindofmaterialsfromrecycledC&Dwasteandinwhatproportion,maybesafelyusedforspecificroadconstruction/repairapplications.

Despitethepresenceofthesestandards,themarketuptakeofproductsmadefromC&Dwastehasbeenaconcernduetotheapparentlackofconfidenceamongpotentialbuyers.Certificationisanimportantwaytoimprovemarketacceptancewhencarriedoutbyneutralthirdpartiesaccordingtoestablishedprotocol.GIZsupportedAmdavadEnviroProjects(AEP)PrivateLimitedtogettheirpavingblockscertified.Theblocksweretestedagainsttechnicalperformancecriteria(e.g.,compressivestrength)andcertifiedbyanindependent,nationallyaccreditedlaboratory.Further,the“recycledcontent”oftheblockswascertifiedbyindependentcertifier, ICMQ-India as per ISO14020protocol. Finally, these certifications led to inclusion of the greenrecycledproductsintheGRIHAProductCatalogue(themostwidelyrecognizedgreen-buildingratingsysteminIndia).Prospectivebuyerscanautomaticallygetpointstowardstheirgreenratinguponusingthesepavers.ThetwocertificatesareshowninTable5.

Table 5: Certification of Paving Blocks Produced by AEP, Ahmedabad

Box B: National Building Code (NBC- CED 46) of India 2005 : Part 11 of NBC 2005

‘ApproachtoSustainability’(Chapter11),statesthat:

RecycledCoarseAggregatemaybeusedinconcreteforbulkfills,bankprotection,base/fillofdrainagestructures,pavements,sidewalks,kerbsandgutters,etc.

Upto30percentofnaturalcrushedcoarseaggregatecanbereplacedbytherecycledconcreteaggregate.

Thispercentagecanbeincreasedupto50percentforpavementsandotherareaswhichareunderpurecompressionspecifictothestandardsandpracticespertainingtoconstructionofroads.

RecycledContentCertificationfromICMQ-India CertificateforlistinginGRIHAProductCatalogue

16

Box C: International Best Practice: Germany17

Duetostrictlyenforcedwastedisposallawsanddisposalfeesthatencouragerecycling,over90%ofC&DwasteproducedinGermanyisutilisedforawiderangeofapplicationsassummarisedinthetablebelow.ThevastmajorityofrecyclingandreuseapplicationsinGermanyinvolveverysimpletechnologiesandtechniques(suchascrushingandsorting)thatareeitheralreadyinuseoreasytoimplementinIndia.OnlyasmallfractionofrecycledC&DwasteinGermanyisusedforadvancedstructuralapplications(e.g.loadbearingconcrete)forwhichdetailedstandardsandprotocolshavebeendeveloped.ThisisanicheareaofongoinginnovationinGermany;howeverforIndia,thewidespreadreuseofrecycledC&Dwasteinsimplerapplicationsmaybemorerelevantintheforeseeablefuture.

Guidelines and Advisories

In 2012, the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), videits circular dated June 28, 2012 desired all states to set upenvironmentfriendlyCDWrecyclingfacilitiesinallcities/townswithpopulationofover1million.TheMoUDreport,‘TechnicalAspectsofProcessingandTreatmentofMunicipalSolidWaste’,underSwachhBharatMissionalsorecognisedtheneedforCDWManagement.

Central Public Works Department’s (CPWD) 2014 ‘Guidelinesfor Sustainable Habitats’ included a set of ‘Guidelines on re-useof recycledC&Dwaste.’ 18Theguidelines includewaysandprecautionsforrecyclingofCDWaswellasemphasisetheneedfor a deconstruction plan in order to recover useful productsthatcanbereusedwithoutmuchprocessing.

17 Dittrich,etal.(2015).OverviewonstandardsforrecycledC&DwasteinGermany.IFEU,Heidelberg.18 CentralPublicWorksDepartment.(2014).CPWDGuidelinesforSustainableHabitat.India.CPWD,GoI.

Box D: International Best Practice on Recycled Products for use in Structural Applications

ERC-Tech, a Czech Company, haspatentedtechnologyforstrengtheningthestructuralpropertiesofC&Dwasteparticlesbyuseofnano-additivesinahighlycontrolledway.Thetechnologymakes it possible to use C&D wasteaggregatesinstructuralapplications.

17

BMTPCin2016releasedthe‘GuidelinesforUtilizationofConstruction&DemolitionWasteinConstructionof Dwelling Units and Related Infrastructure in Housing Schemes of the Government’ to address theconsiderableshortageofconventionalandtraditionalbuildingmaterialsinIndiabasedonhighdemandofbuildingmaterialsby2021-2022.

The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), vide a letter dated March 23, 2016 circulated anotificationbyCPWDonmandatoryuseofrecycledportionsofC&Dwasteinconstructionactivities,ifthesameisavailablewithin100kmoftheconstructionsite.ItalsospecifiedthatcoarseandfinevarietiesofRecycledConcreteAggregate(RCA)derivedfromC&DWastearetobeusedinLeanConcrete,PlainConcreteCement(PCC),andReinforcedConcreteCement(RCC)usedinconstruction.

DelhiPWDissuedanadvisorytoallDelhiGovernmentDepartmentsin2015,mandating2-10%useofrecycledC&Dwasteproductsinbuildingconstructionandroadworks.TheadvisorywasreissuedbytheDelhiPWDin2018.19ThisupdatedadvisoryalsomandatestheuseofC&DwasteproductsandalsoadvisesthatmoresmallcapacityC&Dwasterecyclingplants,i.e.,500TPD,shouldbeinstalledatdifferentlocationsinthecity,includingatleastoneforeachmajorstakeholderofthegovernment.TheadvisoryalsonotesthatNorthDelhiMunicipalCorporationhasmadeavailablesevendumpinglocationsforC&Dwastegeneratedfromindividualhouses.

CPWDhasmademandatorytouseC&Dwasteblocksinadditiontofly-ashbricksandAutoclavedAeratedConcrete(AAC)blocksinplaceofclaybricksfornon-structuralmembersinbuildingsfortheworksinDelhi-NCR,Mumbai,Chennai,Kolkata,BangaloreandHyderabadthroughtheirMemoissuedvide155/SE(TAS)/C&D/2018-19/433-HDt.12.10.2018,andinAhmedabadandSuratvideevenno.151-EDt.11.2018.CPWDhasalsoincludeditemsofC&DwasterecycledconcreteblocksandpaverblocksinDelhiScheduleofRates2018.

19 OfficeoftheDirector(LocalBodies),GovernmentofNCTofDelhi.(2018).UseofRecycledProductsfromConstructionandDemolition(C&D)Waste.GovernmentofNCTDelhi.See:https://pwddelhi.gov.in/writeread/Circular/Cir_201802161507462320.pdf

18

Recognising the problems arising from C&D waste, theGovernment of India has notified the “Construction andDemolitionWasteManagementRules”in2016.Theserulesarequite comprehensive and address responsibilities of differentstakeholders including generators, municipal bodies, statePollution Control Boards, Urban Development Departments,etc.DutiesandResponsibilitiesoftheStakeholdersunder2016RulesareoutlinedinTable6andrelevanttimelinesinFigure6.

Table 6: Duties and Responsibilities of Stakeholders under 2016 Rules

Stakeholder DutiesandResponsibilities

Wastegenerator

● ProperlycollectandstorewastewithintheirpremisesensuringnospilloverormixingwithMSW.

● Depositwasteindesignatedlocationsasnotifiedbylocalauthority.

● Submitwastemanagementplanandgetapprovalbeforestartingconstruction/demolitionwork.

● Payrelevantchargesforcollectionanddisposalasnotifiedbylocalauthority.

Utilityserviceprovidersandtheircontractors

● Preparecomprehensivewastemanagementplan.

● Collectandstorewastesecurelybyavoidinglocaldisruptionorpollution.

● Arrangewithurbanlocalauthorityfordisposalpayingtherelevantcharges.

Localauthority

● Mainactor responsible forwastemanagement.Maycontract thirdpartybutstillresponsibleforoversightandoutcome.Shoulddoafeasibilitystudybeforefinalizingmanagementplan.

● Passby-lawsmandatingC&Dwastemanagementandfixrelevantchargesandpenalties.

● Designate intermediate collection points and site for processing facility, ifneededincollaborationwithstateagencies.

● Examine and approve waste management plan of generators and collectrelevantfees.

● Makearrangements forcollection, transportationandprocessing, incontractwithprivateparty.

● EstablishC&Dwastegenerationdatabasethroughlinkingwastemanagementpermitsandmonitorcompliance.

● CarryoutsustainedIECactivitiesforallstakeholders.

● Create incentives for use of recycled products including throughpreferentialpurchaseagreementsinmunicipalcontracts.

Box E: Definition of C&D Waste under 2016 Rules

“Waste comprising of buildingmaterial, debris and rubble resultingfromconstruction,remodelling,repairordemolitionofanycivilstructure”.

3. Highlights of C&D Waste Rules, 2016

19

Stakeholder DutiesandResponsibilities

StatePollutionControlBoard/Committee

● MonitorimplementationoftheRulesbylocalauthority.

● AuthoriseC&Dwasteprocessingfacilityaspercriteriaandmonitorenvironmentalcompliance.

● PrepareannualreportsforCPCB.

Stategovernment

● PreparepolicydocumentforC&Dwastemanagement.

● Helpcitiesidentifylandforwastemanagementwherenecessary.

● Facilitatepreferentialprocurementofrecycledmaterialsbyallstateagencies.

CPCB

● PrepareguidelinesforC&Dwastemanagement.

● Analyse data collected by SPCBs and prepare annual compliance report forcentralgovernment.

BIS/IndianRoadsCongress

● PreparestandardsforsuitableutilisationofrecycledproductsfromC&Dwasteinconstructionandinroads.

Centralgovernment● CompliancefacilitationbyMoHUA,MoRD.

● ReviewofimplementationbyMoEFCC.

Figure 6: Timelines for Implementation of the 2016 Rules

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TheRulesalsoprovidethecompliancecriteriaforsettingupandoperatingaC&Dwasteprocessingfacility,summarizedinFigure7.

Figure 7: Compliance Criteria for C&D Waste Processing Facility

Finally, the Rules also provide a range of forms and templates for ease of implementation by differentstakeholders,asshowninTable7.

Table 7. Forms Provided with C&D Waste Rules

Purpose of Form Responsibility

Applicationforobtainingauthorisation OperatorofCDWprocessingfacility

IssueofauthorisationtooperatorofCDWprocessingfacility

StatePollutionControlBoard(SPCB)

AnnualReporttoSPCB UrbanLocalAuthority

AnnualReporttoCPCB SPCB

AccidentReporting OperatorofCDWprocessingfacility

WasteManagementPlan C&Dwastegenerator

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AlthoughtheC&DWasteManagementRuleswerenotified in2016, littleprogresshasbeenmade in theinterveningtwoyearsintermsofwidespreadadoptionofC&DwasteprocessingandutilisationinIndia.Incaseofthefirsttwocitieswithprocessingfacilities–DelhiandAhmedabad–their facilitiesactuallypre-datedthe2016Rules.Despitetheenablingpolicy framework,notmuchprogresshasbeenmadeontheimplementation2016Rules.

Therefore,itisnecessarytounderstandtheimportance/benefitsofproperC&Dwastemanagementaswellasidentifythechallengesandroadblockssothataneffectiveimplementationstrategycanbeadopted.

4.1 Economic and Social Benefits

i. HaulingbulkyC&Dwaste fordisposal isasubstantialexpense formunicipalbodieswhichcanbesignificantlyreduced(oravoided)withanappropriatelydesignedC&Dwastemanagementsysteminwhichgeneratorspayfordisposal,asenvisionedunderthe2016Rules.

ii. MixingofC&DwastewithsolidwasteworsensthemunicipalsolidwastemanagementsystemandalsocausesimbalancesinthetippingfeeratesoftheMSWmanagement.

iii. C&Dwasteprocessingintorecycledproductscangenerateemploymentthroughnewenterprises,asalreadyseeninDelhiandAhmedabad.

iv. UnauthoriseddumpingofC&Dwastecreateswidespreadnuisance,safetyandaestheticproblemswhichcanbeamelioratedwithproperC&Dwastemanagement.

4.2 Environmental Benefits

i. UnauthoriseddumpingofC&Dwaste indrainsandhydrological channelsobstructsdrainageandworsensflooding.

ii. PilesofC&Dwastecontributetoparticulateairpollutionwhencarriedbywind.

iii. UnauthoriseddumpingofC&Dwasteinwetlandsorstream/riverchannelsdisruptslocalhydrologyandassociatedecosystems.

iv. HazardousmaterialsassociatedwithC&Dwastemayleachoutandcontaminatesoilandgroundwaterfromunauthoriseddumps.

v. UtilisationofrecycledproductsfromprocessedC&Dwastehelpsrelievepressureonnaturalresourcesbyreducingextractionofvirginmaterialslikesand.

4.3 Congruence with Existing Government Policies and Priorities

i. Swachh Bharat Mission: Flagship programme of Government of India for improving wastemanagementandresourcerecovery;C&Dwastemanagement falls squarelywithin itsobjectives.Citiesmust demonstrate improvements in cleanliness andwastemanagement in comprehensiveannualsurveys,whichshouldserveasanincentivetomunicipalbodies.

4. Rationale/Justification for C&D Waste Strategy

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ii. AMRUT20:Missionforurbaninfrastructureimprovementwithemphasisonpedestrianzonesin500ULBs. Recycled productsmade from C&Dwaste (e.g., paver blocks) can be used beneficially forpedestrianzones.

iii. Smart Cities Mission: Mission envisions transformative projects in cities with an emphasis oninnovation.C&Dwasteprocessingaswellasutilisationofrecycledproductscanbeincludedinsuchprojects.

iv. HousingforAll(PradhanMantriAwasYojana):Ambitiousmissiontoaddressseverehousingshortagesby constructing 1.2 crores affordable housing units by 2022. Incorporationof “sustainable greenmaterials”isencouragedbythemission,andrecycledproductsfromC&Dwastecanfindutilisation.

20 AtalMissionforRejuvenationandUrbanTransformation

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ThereremainsahostofchallengesandroadblocksfacedbybothgovernmentagenciesandtheprivatesectorthatarehinderingawiderandquickeradoptionofC&Dwastemanagement initiatives. It is importanttoproperlyunderstandthesechallengessothatproposedactionscantargetthemeffectively.

5.1 Municipal bodies/Local authorities

Localauthorities/municipalbodieshavethemostimportantroleinplanningandimplementingC&Dwastemanagement in their respective jurisdictionsunder the2016Rules. Even if the collection, transport andprocessingisactuallycontractedouttoaprivateentity,thelocalauthorityisultimatelyresponsiblefortheoverall performanceof themanagement scheme.However, local authorities/municipal bodies appear tobetheweakestlinkhinderingrapidadoptionofinitiativesandfaceseveralchallenges.Severalfactorsareresponsibleforthis,including:

a) CityofficialsmayunderstandthebroaderaspectsofC&Dwastemanagementbutrequiresupporttodeveloptailor-madesolutionstotheirspecificcircumstances

b) Citiesdonothaveadequatecapacitiesandtrainedpersonneltotakeuptheinitiatives

c) Citiesdonothavefinancialresourcestohireaconsultantforaninitialfeasibilitystudyand/oraDPR

d) Cities are not convinced how the business case would work in their circumstances, and areapprehensiveaboutthemodelbeingadrainontheirbudget

e) C&Dwastemanagement isconsidereda lowpriority(thepublic ismoreconcernedaboutMSW),especiallyintheabsenceofstrongcoordination/facilitationbystate-levelagencies.

Land Shortage

Indiancitiesaredenselypopulatedandpoorlyplannedwithrespectto infrastructureandnecessarycivicamenities,hencelandshortageisauniversalproblem.Thesituationisparticularlyacuteinlargercitieswheresatellitetownsarespreadallacrosstheirborders.Settingupanykindofwastemanagement/recyclingfacilityrequiressignificantamountofland,andthattooinzonessufficientlyfarfromresidentialareas.ManylargecitiesarealreadystrugglingtoidentifyappropriatelandforMSWmanagement,letaloneCDWmanagementwhich isseenas lessurgent.Often,theonlyfeasibleoptionfora largeenough landparcel isoutsidethebordersof themunicipal bodywhich requireseffective collaborationwithotherentities, especially stategovernmentleveldepartments/agencies.EvenidentifyingsmallerlandparcelsneededasintermediateC&Dwastecollectioncentresthroughoutthecity/townareachallenge.

Lack of Monitoring Capacity/Resources

Localauthorities/municipalbodiestypicallysufferfromchronicshortagesinpersonnelandresources.Theyarehardpressedtomonitor,collectanddisposeMSWadequately,amatterofgreaterconcerntothepublic,andinitiatinganewC&Dwastemanagementsystemisanadditionalresponsibilitytothemforwhichtheyfeelunprepared.Mostcitiesdonothavedemolitionpermitsandthereforedemolitionsitesandpracticesarepoorlymonitored,ifatall.AnidealmanagementplanwouldrequirethecreationofanewC&Dwastemonitoring system,asenvisionedby the2016Rules, forwhicheffective coordinationwouldbe requiredbetweentheULB’sBuildingDepartmentandtheWasteManagementDepartment.

5. Assessment of Challenges and Roadblocks

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Lack of Capacity and Experience in C&D Waste Management

Inadditiontotheoverallcapacity/resource issues,C&Dwastemanagement isarelativelynewtopicthatmanymunicipalofficialshavelittleawarenessorexperienceof.Experienceshowsthatevenaftercapacitydevelopmentworkshopsareheld, local authorities/municipal bodies areunsureofhow toproceedwithwasteestimation,feasibilityplanning,tenderingandsoon. Inmanycases, inexperienceorpriornegativeexperiencewithPPPsmaybeanadditionalcauseofhesitation.Theabilitytohireaconsultantforafeasibilitystudyislimitedbyfundingshortages;evenwhenconsultantsarehiredthereissometimesnoguaranteethattheywillprovideappropriateguidance.

Concerns about Finances and Business Case

Due to chronic financial pressures, local authorities/municipal bodies are instinctively wary of any newcommitmentsthatappeartothemasanewsourceofexpenditure.Duringcapacitydevelopmentworkshopsit is typically difficult to convince them about the successful business case employed in the Delhi andAhmedabadmodels.ThetippingfeepaidtothecontractedpartybytheULBisseenasanunjustifiedburdenwheninrealityitmaynotbeanetexpensegiventhat:a)theULBsavesmoneybynothavingtohaulbulkyC&Dwaste,andb)the2016RulesallowtheULBtoimposechargesonwastegenerators;tippingfeescanbepaidfromthisrevenue.Insomecases,urbanofficialshaveevenproposedthatthecontractedpartyactuallypaytheULBratherthanreceivingatippingfeeforeachtonneofC&Dwaste,and/orshareprofitsfromsellingrecycledproductswiththeULB.Notsurprisingly,thisdeterspotential investorssincerecycledC&DwasteproductsarestillanascentmarketinIndia.

Lack of Urgency/Priority

Inmanycities/towns,evenpreliminarydiscussionandplanninghasnothappenedonC&Dwastemanagement,whileinothersprogresshasstalledafterpreliminarydiscussions.C&Dwastemanagementisseenasalowpriority,inthecontextofoverallshortageofpersonnel/resources.MSWdisposalisofgreaterconcerntothepublicandtherehavebeenMSW-relatedlawsuitsinmanycities.Asaresult,MSWcollectionanddisposalistreatedasahigherpriority.

5.2 Private sector/Construction industry

Theconstruction industryalsohasan importantroletoplay–bothinensuringthattheirgeneratedwasteisdisposedproperlyand in gradually increasing the adoption of recycled productsin construction practices. Larger players should ideally adoptsignificant in-situ utilisation of C&D waste in their projects,wherever feasible, and could consider investing in processingfacilitiesasabusinessoption.

Lack of Awareness and Concern

TheconstructionindustryisentrenchedinitswaysandishistoricallyusedtoturningablindeyetohowC&Dwasteisdisposed;gettingthemtochangetheirwaysislikelytobeadifficultandgradualtask.Atthesametime, there is littleawarenessaboutC&Dwaste recyclingandutilisationbeyondusing rubbleasafillingmaterial.

Dominance of the Unorganised Sector in Demolition

Thedemolition sector isoverwhelminglydominatedby smallplayers in theunorganised sector, theonlyexceptionbeingahandfulof specialisedcompanieswhoseniche ishigh-techdemolition related to large

Box F: Best Practices in On-site Utilisation of C&D Waste in Indian Redevelopment Projects

• GodrejVikhroliProject,Mumbai

• EastKidwaiNagarRedevelopmentProjectbyNBCC,NewDelhi

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infrastructure projects. This naturallymakes it difficult for urban officials tomonitor and regulate smalldemolitioncontractorswhoaretypicallynotregisteredandareusedtogettingawaywithdisposingofC&Dwasteinunauthorisedlocations.

Lack of Confidence in Recycled Products

TheexperienceinDelhiandAhmedabadhasshownthatthemarketforrecycledproductsmadefromC&DwasteisstillquiteweakinIndia.Engagementwiththeconstructionindustryrepeatedlydemonstratesthatpotentialbuyersarehesitantaboutsuchrecycledproductsthattheyperceivetobeinferiorinquality.EvenwheninformedabouttheupdatedBISstandard(383)thatallowsrecycledaggregatesinmanyapplications,potentialbuyersappearriskaverse,pointingtotheirclientswhoseemtoprefer“conventional”products.

Poor Economic Viability of Recycled Products

Currentlyaggregatesaretaxedat5%andmanufacturedproductsaretaxedat18%makingtheuseofrecycledproductseconomicallyunviable for customers.GST relaxation forC&Dwaste recycledproducts includingmanufacturedproductssuchastiles,paverblocks,bricks,sandandaggregatesmaybeconsidered.

5.3 State Government Agencies/Departments

While local authorities/municipal bodies have the most important responsibility in planning andimplementationofC&Dwastemanagement,stategovernmentagenciesanddepartmentscanoftenplayacrucialroleinensuringpropercoordinationandpavingthewayforsuccessfulimplementation.

Low Involvement of State Urban Departments

StateurbandepartmentsaresupposedtoframepoliciesonC&Dwastemanagement,supplementingthe2016Rules, to help implementation taking local context into account.Moreover, the active involvementof state urban departments (sometimes, with other related agencies) may be needed for suitable landidentificationanddedicationforestablishingwasteprocessingfacilities,asoutlinedinsection5.1.Inmostcases,theirengagementhasbeenpoor;C&Dwastemanagementappearstobealowpriorityissue.

Low Engagement by Public Construction Agencies

StategovernmentagenciessuchasPWD,HousingDevelopmentBoard/Authority,CityDevelopmentAuthority,publicsectorutilitycompanies,etc.areinvolvedinsignificantconstruction/demolitionwork.Asperthe2016Rules,theseentitiesaresupposedtocoordinatewithlocalmunicipalbodiesaboutproperdisposaloftheirC&Dwaste,implementin-situutilisationofC&Dwasteintheirownprojectswhereverfeasible,andadoptpoliciestobuyrecycledproducts.However,engagementhasremainedweak,partlyasaresultofcoordinationchallengesbetweenstateandlocalgovernmentlevelentities.

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Based on the experience in Delhi and Ahmedabad, and using the 2016 Rules as a guideline, GIZ andDevelopmentAlternativeshasdevelopeda standardisedC&Dwastemanagementmodel for cities21. Thebasicstepsareoutlinedbelow.

Preliminary Assessment and Inventorisation

City conducts preliminary assessment of waste generation trends, suitable locations for collection anddisposal,collectionandtransportationcosts,marketforrecycledproducts,etc.Basedonconstructionanddemolitionpermits,citycanarriveataroughestimateofwastegenerationbasedontheTIFACthumbrule,depictedinTable8.

TIFAC Thumb Rule

Type of Activity Estimated Waste Generation (kg/sq.m.)

Construction 50

Demolition 400

Renovation 45

Table 8: TIFAC thumb rule

Land Availability

City identifies suitable land for a processing facility for the designed capacity and rawmaterial/finishedproductstorage.Ifneeded,stategovernmentinterventionmayberequiredforsuitableland.Inaddition,anetworkofintermediatecollectionpointsacrossthecityareidentifiedtominimisetransportationdistances.ForsmallerULBs,clusterapproachmaybeadoptedwithneighbouringtowns,ifcloseby.

Adoption of By-laws and Charges

Cityadopts/amendsby-lawstomandateC&Dwastepermitsystemforallgenerators,dutiesofgenerators,andnotificationofcollection/disposalsites.Chargesforcollection,transportationanddisposalarealsoleviedonallgeneratorsandpenaltiesarefixedforviolations.

Adoption of Business Model and Selection of Private Agency

TheULBshalldecideon thebest suitedbusinessandoperationmodel for collection, transportationandprocessingofC&Dwaste.KeepinginviewthecapitalintensiveinfrastructureandhighO&M,thePPPmodel(DFBOT)isbestsuitedforthemanagementoftheC&Dwaste.Inanidealarrangement,theULBshalladoptanoutput-orientedmodel.

Operation, Monitoring and Communication

TheULBshallcollectupfrontuserchargesfromgeneratorswhileapprovingtheirwastemanagementplanwhichistiedtotheconstruction/demolitionpermit.Subsequently,penalprovisionsfornotcomplyingwith

21 SeeGIZandDevelopmentAlternatives. (2017). TrainingManualonConstructionandDemolitionWasteManagement in India forCitiesandTowns.NewDelhi,GIZ.

6. Proposed C&D Waste Management Model

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C&DwasteRules/by-lawstobeimplementedinletterandspirit.Generators are required todump theirwaste to their nearestdesignatedintermediatecollectionpoint.Thecontractedagencytransportswastefromthesesitestotheprocessingfacility.Eachdisposalsitehasaweigh-bridgethatinstantlyrecordstheamountofwasteenteringagainstthetrackingserialnumberassociatedwith each generator’s construction/demolition permit. Thatway it is ensured that thewaste producedby each generatoractuallyreachesthedesignatedsite/sandisnotdisposedinanunauthorisedmanner.

The ULB must also undertake sustained and comprehensiveIEC activities targeted towards all stakeholders such as smallgenerators,bulkgenerators,demolitioncontractors,buildersanddevelopers,coveringallaspectsoftheULB’sCDWmanagementplanincludingby-laws,designateddisposalsites,feesandfines,authorisedcollectionandtransportationagencies,permittedre-useofCDW,etc.Aninformationandcomplaintredressalhelplinemustbealsomadeactive.

Public Procurement of Recycled Products

CityadoptspreferentialprocurementpolicytouserecycledproductsmadefromC&Dwasteinmunicipalcivilworksandencouragesotherprivateandpublicentitiestodothesame.Forasamplepublicprocurementpolicy,seeAnnex1.

ThisstandardisedmanagementmodelwithaprocessingunitisdepictedinFigure8inasimplifiedway.

Figure 8: Material and Cash Flow in Standardised C&D Waste Management in a City with Processing Unit

Box G: Options for Smaller Towns

In smaller towns where the wastegenerated is below 100 TPD, aprocessing unitmay not be viable. Insomerareinstances,itmaybepossibleforneighbouringtownstohaveajointplantprovided theyare closeenoughtoeachother.Inmostcases,amobilecrushermaybea suitableoptionandtherecycledaggregatesproducedmaybeusedbythetown’sowncivilworks,otherpublicagenciessuchasPWD,orlocal building material manufacturersmaybeincentivisedtousethem.

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AsmentionedinBoxF,forsmallertownswith lowCDWgenerationrate,aprocessingfacilitymaynotberequired.Smaller townsmayfollowaclusterapproachwherebyacommonC&Dwastetreatment facilityisoperated jointly if several townsare locatedcloseby.This facilitymaybe located inacommonregionaccessibleorequidistantfrommultipleULBs.Alternatively,smallertownsmayoperateamobilecrushingunitthatcanbemovedtositeswhereC&Dwasteisgenerated(seeBoxGformoredetails).CrushedandsortedC&Dwaste(recycledaggregates)maythenbetakenawaybyend-users,basedontypeofapplication(e.g.backfilling/landfilluse/roadrepairorconstruction/etc.AstandardisedmodelC&DwastemanagementmodelwithoutaprocessingunitisdepictedinFigure9.

Figure 9: Material and Cash Flow for a Standardised C&D Waste Management Model without a Central Processing Unit

Aweb-platformtoserveasafacilitationtooltoconnectgeneratorsandusersofC&DwastemaybedevelopedtosupportthemanagementofC&Dwastebylocalauthorities.TheplatformmayincludeinformationontheC&Dwastegeneratedandtheplaceofgenerationtoprovideupdatedinformationtotheusersforpromptutilisation.

Box H: Mobile Crushers

Mobile crushers, consistingmostly of crushing and screening equipment,areidealforon-sitetreatmentofC&Dwaste.Theyareeasilytransportableusinghookliftlorryandreadytooperateinashorttime.Materialssuchaswoodormetalmustbe removedmanuallybefore feeding thewaste intothecrusher.Concrete,stones,brickandmortarandmixedCDWcanbefedintoscreeningsectiondesignedaspercrusherfeedsize.Oversizedmaterialsshould be resized by rock breaker/hammering before feeding. Based onthe nature ofwaste feed, either recycled concrete aggregate or recycled(mixed) aggregate would be obtained. Some prominent mobile crushermanufacturersincludeRubbleMaster,Terex,andKleemann.

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MinistryofHousingandUrbanAffairs(MoHUA)wouldtaketheroleofleadagencyindrivingforwardtheC&DWasteStrategy.MoEFCCwillcontinuetoplayaregulatoryroleincompliance.SalientcomponentsoftheC&DWasteStrategyareoutlinedbelow.

7.1 Inventorisation and Characterisation of C&D waste

AcomprehensiveassessmentoftotalC&DwastegenerationinIndiaisrequired,aselaboratedinsection2.1.MunicipalauthoritieswhiletryingtoestimatethequantumofC&Dwastetypicallyrelyonthewastethatishauledtothelandfillsordumpedinlocationsundertheirdirectjurisdiction.However,asignificantportionofthewaste(“rubble”)isdivertedforillegalfillingbeforeconstructionand/ordisposedofinplacesbeyondthemunicipaljurisdiction(say,inriverbedsoralonghighwaysoutsidecities).

TheTIFACThumbRule,mentionedinsection6,estimatesC&Dwastegenerationbasedontheareabeingconstructed/demolished(50kg/m2forconstructionand400kg/m2fordemolition).Intheabsenceofamoredetailedmethodology,municipal authoritiesmayuse this rough guide for approximate estimation.ULBsneedtoknowtheexactareaofbuildings/projectsthatwillundergoconstruction/demolitiontoadoptthismethodologyforC&DwasteQuantification.ItisrecommendedthatULBscreateseasilyaccessibleinventoryfromconstruction/demolitionpermits.The lackofpreciseestimatesof thequantumofC&Dwasteneednotholdupplansforsettingupamanagementplanwitharecyclingfacility.EvenwithanestimatebasedonC&Dwastecollected,thecitycangoaheadwiththeplanningsincethestandard(prudent)approachtominimiseriskistoplanthefirstfacilityatalevelmuchlowerthanactualgeneration,withtheoptionoffutureexpansion.

Inadditionto inventorisationoftheamount,characterisationoftheC&Dwaste isnecessarybecausethecompositionofC&Dwastecanvaryfromcitytocity.ItisimportanttoknowthecompositionofC&Dwasteinaparticularcitysincethecompositionaffects:a)themanagementplan,includingcollection,transportationandstorage,b)theprocessingtechniquesandtechnologiesused,andc)theproductstobemanufacturedoutofrecycledwaste.

Implementation

MoHUAmayconstituteanadhocexperttaskforcecomprisingofreputedexpertinstitutionssuchasIITs,CBRI,TIFAC,GIZ,EU-REI,etc.forthispurpose.Thetaskforcewill:a)selectaquantityestimationmethodbestsuitedfortheIndiancontextoutofmanyapproachesinuseworldwide,b)usethismethodtoestimatethetotalamountofC&Dwastegeneratedperyearinthecountry,c)prepareasimplemodelforcitiesforestimatingC&Dwastegenerationwithintheirownboundarieswithouthavingtoundertakelonganddetailedstudies,andd)prepareastandardisedmethodforcitiestocharacterisethecompositionofC&DwasteinIndiancontext.

TheSwachhBharatMission(SBM)onlineportal,alreadyinusebyULBstoreportonMunicipalSolidWaste,maybeexpanded forcollecting informationonC&Dwastegenerationnationwide.MoHUAmayconsiderdeveloping aweb-platform as a facilitation tool to connect generators, recyclers and potential users forvariousapplicationsofC&Dwasteandderivedproductsbasedonlocationforpromptutilisation.

7. Components of C&D Waste Strategy

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7.2 Planning Assistance (Handholding) for Cities

Experience shows that progress towards implementation of C&D waste management frequently stallsaftersomedegreeofinitialplanning,sometimesevenwhencapacitydevelopmenteffortsareconducted.“Handholding” assistance to ULBs is absolutely essential, ideally throughout the planning stages. Suchassistance has to be conceived carefully since there have been instances where cities have received“guidance”fromconsultantsthatwasnotappropriatetotheircircumstancesresultinginstalledprogress.Experts/consultantswouldbeneededtoengagewiththecityoveranextendedperiodoftime,providingguidanceonarangeofissues:

a) Geographicmappingofwastegenerationhotspots,possiblelocationsfor intermediatecollectionsandfinalprocessingfacility,transportationdistances,etc.

b) Framingofby-lawsonC&Dwastemanagementincorporatingappropriatelevelsoffeesandpenaltiesforgenerators

c) Development/augmentation of construction/demolition permits consolidated into an easilyaccessibleinventoryandlinkingthemwithprojectapprovals

d) DevelopmentofafinancialmodelforcitieswithlittleornonetcostforC&Dwastemanagement,wheretherevenuesgeneratedfromupfrontfeescollectedfromgeneratorsareusedtopaytippingfeestothecontractedpartyforcollectionandprocessing

e) Developmentoftenderingdocuments

f) Developmentofreportingandmonitoringframeworkandprocedures

g) Developmentofpublicprocurementpolicyforrecycledproducts

h) Identificationoffinancialassistancefromcentral/statebodies/schemesforplanningandimplementingC&Dwastemanagement.

Implementation

MoHUAmayempanelsuitableexpertagencies/consultantswhocanprovidesuchhandholdingassistancetocities.MoHUA’staskforcemayalsodevelopapproachesforhandholdingassistance.MoHUAmaydisseminatebestpracticesandtoolkitsforcapacitydevelopmenttoULBsthroughrespectivestatedepartments.Citiesmay engagewithMoHUAempanelled experts through their respective state agencies according to theirneedsandapplicableprotocol.

7.3 Promoting State-level Facilitation

WhileULBshavethecentralresponsibility in implementingtheC&DWasteRules,stategovernment leveldepartmentsandagencieshaveanimportantsecondaryroletoplayinbringingabouteffectiveC&Dwastemanagementintheirrespectivestates.Statelevelfacilitationisessentialbecause:

a) Stateagencies,particularlyUrbanDevelopmentDepartments(UDD),maybeabletoprovidefundsforinitialplanningtocities

b) StateagenciesincludingUDDsandPollutionControlBoards(PCB)maybeabletoprovidetechnicalexpertisetocitieswhoneedthem,especiallysmallertowns

c) Sometimessuitablelandforaprocessingfacilitymayonlybeavailableoutsidethejurisdictionofa

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municipalbody,socoordinationwithstatelevelagenciesisessential

d) StateagencieslikePWD,HousingBoards,etc.aresignificantgeneratorsofC&DwasteandneedtoadoptpoliciesforC&Dwastemanagement,incoordinationwithmunicipalbodies.Theseagenciesare also ideal entities to adopt Public Procurement Policies for recycled products since they aresignificantbulkconsumers.

e) Asustained“push”bystatelevelagencies,accompaniedbyfacilitation,canconveyasenseofurgencytomunicipalbodieswhomayotherwisetendtoaccordlowerprioritytoC&Dwastemanagement.SustainedstatelevelengagementisimperativeforadoptionofC&Dwastemanagementthroughoutthestateinatime-boundmanner;otherwiseprogressmayberestrictedtooneortwo“resourceful”citiesonly.

State-levelengagementhasbeenrelativelyweaksofarandneedstobefurtherstrengthened.

Implementation

MoHUAmay take the lead in convening key state government officials to provide momentum to stateengagement inC&Dwastemanagementusing the2016Rulesasaguide.Appropriate incentivesmaybeconsideredforthebestperformingstates,notlimitedtospecialrecognition.

7.4 Promotion of Awareness in Construction Industry

Developing an industry-oriented awareness and capacitydevelopmentmaterialandsharingthemthroughaweb-portal(as outlined in section 7.2) is only the first step. Sustainedoutreach and engagement is required to change perceptionsandentrenchedbusinesspracticesintheconstructionindustry,including utilisation of recycled products. The constructionindustryisheterogeneousandmadeofdifferenttypesofactors–builders/developers,demolitioncontractors,architects,buildingmaterial manufacturers, etc.; capacity development needs totarget all such actors. Industry and professional associationsmay be roped in to achieve this. Such associations can adoptthese capacity development initiatives through workshops,trade shows, and their own publications. Once the industryassociationsareconvincedthata) the industryneeds tomeetthis legal mandate (2016 Rules), and b) profitable businessopportunities canbe realized, theyare likely to takeover thisresponsibility.ScientificexpertsfromgovernmentandindustryneedtobeharnessedinsuchoutreacheffortstoconvincestakeholdersabouteffectivewastemanagementpracticesandprocessesaswellasthereliabilityofrecycledproductsmadefromC&Dwaste.ThepotentialfornewprofitableinvestmentsinrecyclingC&Dwasteneedtobestressed,withspecialemphasisonmarketingsuch“green”productsthrougheco-labellingorotherformsofrecognitioninthemarketsuchascertificationfrombodieslikeGRIHA,IGBC,etc.BMTPCcanalsobeanimportantstakeholderinthiseffort.

Implementation

MoHUA can initiate engagement with professional and industry associations such as CII, FICCI, BuildersAssociationofIndia(BAI),IndianInstituteofArchitects(IIA),CREDAI,etc.MoHUAincollaborationwithState

Box I

Awareness Creation and Capacity Building

Departments of MoHUA includingCPWD and National Institute ofUrban Affairs (NIUA) have taken thelead in organising multi-stakeholderworkshopsandnational-levelseminarstowards awareness creation andcapacity building on C&D wastemanagementandutilisation.

MoEFCC inpartnershipwithGIZhavealso organised similar workshops incitiesacrossthecountry.

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agenciesandULBscansuggestsuitableexpertsandexpertorganisationsforconductingTrainingofTrainerstailoredtotheconstructionindustry.Theindustrybodiescansubsequentlytakeovertheresponsibilityofoutreachtothewiderconstructionindustry.Frequentcapacitydevelopmenteventsshouldbeorganisedineachcitybytheseassociationsandtheirpartners(say,onceeveryquarter)tomakesurethatasignificantportionoftheindustryinthatregionhasbeenreached.Thebiggerplayersmaybetargetedfirstandthengraduallymovingdowntothesmallerplayers.Thishighfrequencyofeventsonlyneedstobemaintainedforthefirstcoupleofyearstoachieveaminimumthresholdofawarenessacrosstheindustry;subsequentlysucheventsmaybescaledbacktoalowerfrequencyasdeemedappropriate.

7.5 Promoting Utilisation of C&D Waste Recycled Products

Implementing an effective C&Dwastemanagement system isinadequate unless recycled products find use in construction;this isoften referred toas “closing the loop”.Recycled coarseandfine aggregates canbeuseddirectly, for example in roadconstruction or Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC), or a variety ofpre-cast products can be manufactured with these recycledaggregates including paver blocks, hollow blocks, tiles, etc.However,thereislackofawarenessand/orconfidenceinsuchrecycled products as discussed in section 6, leading to poormarketuptake.Thisisdespitethepresenceofpoliciesincluding:

a) Revised BIS 383 standard that permits the use ofrecycled coarse andfine aggregates for non-structuralapplications

b) CRRI certification of recycled aggregates for use asGranularSubBase(GSB)inroadconstruction

c) 2016Rules calling forpreferential public procurementofrecycledproductsbymunicipalbodiesandothergovernmentagenciessuchasPWD

d) MoUD2012notificationforallstatestosetupenvironmentfriendlyCDWrecyclingfacilitiesinallthecities/townswithpopulationofover1million.

e) CPWD2014Guidelinesonre-useofrecycledC&DwasteasincludedintheGuidelinesforSustainableHabitat.

f) BMTPC 2016 Guidelines for Utilization of Construction & Demolition Waste in Construction ofDwellingUnitsandRelatedInfrastructureinHousingSchemesoftheGovernment

g) MinistryofHousingandUrbanAffairsvidealetterdatedMarch23,2016circulatedanotificationbyCPWDonmandatoryuseofrecycledportionsofC&Dwasteinconstructionactivities,ifthesameisavailablewithin100kmoftheconstructionsite.DelhiPWDdepartmentissueda2015advisorytoallDelhiGovernmentDepartmentsmandating2-10%useofrecycledC&Dwasteproductsinbuildingandroadworks.AdvisorywasreissuedbytheDelhiPWDdepartmentin2018thatalsomandatedtheuseofC&DwasteproductsandalsoadvisedthatmoresmallcapacityC&Dwasterecyclingplantsi.e.500TPDshouldbeinstalledatdifferentlocationsinthecity.22

h) CPWDhasincludedrecycledproductsfromC&DwasteintheirScheduleofRates2018.

22 OfficeoftheDirector(LocalBodies),GovernmentofNCTofDelhi(2018),AdvisoryonUseofRecycledProductsfromConstructionandDemolition(C&D)Waste,https://pwddelhi.gov.in/writeread/Circular/Cir_201802161507462320.pdf

Box J

Best Practice – Example 1:

CPWDhasusedabout18lakhconcreteblocksmadefromrecycledC&DWastein thenewAdditionalOfficeComplexoftheSupremeCourtofIndia.Thishasdemonstratedthatthequalityoftheserecycled blocks are at parwith burntclaybricks.

Best Practice – Example 2:

CPWDandGoaMunicipalCorporationhaveenteredintoanMoUwithSintefNorway for promoting recycling andutilisationofC&DWaste

33

i) Greenbuilding rating schemes suchasGRIHApromoting theuseof recycledproducts fromC&Dwaste.

ItisclearthatabroaderpolicypushisnecessarytoaltermarketdynamicstofostergreateruptakeofrecycledproductsfromC&Dwaste,includingeffortstosafeguardrecycledproductqualityandfinancialviability.Onceamaturemarketdevelopsforsuchrecycledproducts,therewillbelessneedforfinancialincentives.

Implementation

i. SuccessfulPreferentialPublicProcurementpoliciessuchasthoseinDelhiandAhmedabadshouldbecirculatedasatemplate23bytheMoHUAintheircapacitydevelopmenteffortswithguidanceonhowtheycanbeadaptedtoaparticularcity’scircumstances,whererelevantstandardsandspecificationsaremet.

ii. MoHUAmayguide stateagencies suchasPWD,HousingBoard, etc. to adoptPreferential PublicProcurementpoliciesinaccordancewithrelevantspecificationsandstandards.

iii. MoHUAmaywritetoMinistryofConsumerAffairstodirectBIStoinvestigatefurtherdevelopment/amendmentof standards and theprospects for ISI certificationof several categoriesofproductsmadefromC&Dwaste.

iv. MoHUAmaywritetoMinistryofConsumerAffairstodirectBISforincreasedinclusionofrecycledproductsmadefromC&DwasteintofuturerevisionsoftheNationalBuildingCode.

v. MoHUAmaywrite toMinistryofRoadTransport to includeC&Dwasteproducts in IndianRoadsCongresscodes.

vi. MoHUAtoengagewithMoEFCC for inclusionof recycledproductsmade fromC&Dwaste in therevived“Eco-Mark”labellingscheme.

vii. MoHUAtocontinueengagementwithMinistryofFinance forcontinuedGSTrebatesonrecycledproductcategoriesasandwhentheybecomeavailableinthemarket.

viii.MoHUAtoengagewithgreenbuildingratingschemessuchasGRIHAand IGBCfor inclusionofagreaterrangeofproductsmadefromC&Dwasteintotheircertificationschemes.

23 ProcurementpolicyofAhmedabadisreproducedasatemplateintheGIZC&DWasteManualforCitiesproducedunderIndo-GermancollaborationwithMoEFCC.

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Category/Component

Challenges

Institutional Steps/Implementation Agency

Action ItemsOutputs (if any)

Timeline

InventorisationandcharacterisationofC&Dwaste

-nationwideestimatedated/notreflectiveofcurrentreality

-ULBshavepoorrecords

-ULBslackexpertiseonmethodsininventorisationandcharacterisation

MoHUAtoconveneadhoctaskforcecomprisingofreputedinstitutionssuchasIIT,CBRI,TIFAC,EU-REI,GIZ,etc.forinventorisationandcharacterisationofC&Dwaste

TaskForceto:

i)selectquantumestimationmethodbestsuitedforIndiancontext

ii)usethismethodtoestimatenationwidegeneration

iii)preparesimplestandardisedmethodforcitiestoestimateandcharacterisewaste

iii)SBMportaltobeexpandedtoincludedataonC&DbyULBs

iv)Centralisedweb-platformtoserveasafacilitationtooltoconnectgeneratorsanduserstobedeveloped

-SimplestandardisedmethodforcitiestoestimateandcharacterisewasteinIndiancontext

-web-portal

January-June2019

Priority: ExpeditingtheimplementationofmanagementplansandcommissioningofC&Dwastefacilitiesincities/townsofpopulationofmorethan1million.

8. Recommendation Summary and Action Agenda

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Category/Component

Challenges

Institutional Steps/Implementation Agency

Action ItemsOutputs (if any)

Timeline

Planningassistance(handholding)forcities

-ULBsunsureonpreparingamanagementplanrelatedtotheirparticularcircumstances

-lackofsuitablepersonneland/orfinancialresourcestohireconsultant

-ULBsconcernedaboutbusinesscase/revenueloss

MoHUAtoempanelexpertagencies/consultantstoprovidehandholdingassistancetocitiesmakingsurethatonlytherecommendedapproachisused

-MoHUAempanelledexpertsmaybeutilisedbyULBsthroughtheirrespectivestatedepartmentsfordevelopingdetailedmanagementplan,financialmodelandimplementationstrategy

-MoHUAmaydisseminatebestpracticesandC&Dmanagementmodelsalongwithdevelopmentoftoolkitscoveringtechnicalaspects,managementmodels,businesscase,tenderingdocuments,etc.

-MoHUA,incollaborationwithstatedepartments,toconductcapacitydevelopmentthroughexpertsandexpertagenciesinaccordancewithneeds&relevantprotocols.

CapacitydevelopmenttoolkitsforULBs

-ToolkitsreadybyJune2019

-Capacitydevelopmentworkshopsthroughout2019

-Handholdingassistanceonanongoingbasis

Acceleratingstate-levelfacilitation

Lowengagementbystateagencieshinderingtechnical/financialassistance,landidentification,aswellascompliancebycities

MoHUAtoconvenekeystategovernmentofficialstoprovidemomentumforstateengagement

State-levelfacilitationandrecognitionofefforts

Jump-startingengagementinthefirsthalfof2019

-Continuedengagementonanongoingbasis

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Category/Component

Challenges

Institutional Steps/Implementation Agency

Action ItemsOutputs (if any)

Timeline

Promotionofawarenessinconstructionindustry

-Entrenchedperceptionsandbusinesspractices

-Heterogeneousindustrywithsignificantinformal/unorganizedactors

MoHUAtoengagewithprofessionalandindustryassociationssuchasCII,FICCI,BAI,CREDAI,IIA,etc.

-MoHUAincollaborationwithStateAgenciesandULBstoconducttrainingoftrainerstailoredtoconstructionindustry.

-Industryassociationstoconductsustainedoutreachforallkindsofindustryactorsusingcapacitydevelopmentmanuals/toolkitson“deconstruction”,recyclingandreutilisation

-Specialemphasistobeplacedontechnicalstandards(e.g.,BIS)aswellas“green”marketingandcertificationthroughBMTPC/GRIHA/IGBC

Capacitydevelopmentmanuals/toolkitsforconstructionindustry

-Manuals/Toolkitsdisseminatedinthefirsthalfof2019

-Engagement/outreachonanongoingbasis

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Category/Component

Challenges

Institutional Steps/Implementation Agency

Action ItemsOutputs (if any)

Timeline

PromotingutilisationofC&Dwasterecycledproducts

-lackofawarenessaboutrecycledproducts

-perceptionofinferiorityaboutrecycledproducts

-MoHUAtoengagewithvariousstakeholderssuchasCPWD/PWDs,BIS,GRIHA/IGBC,BMTPC,etc.

-SustainablepublicprocurementofC&Dproductsbygovernmentagenciestopromotemarketdevelopment

-ULBsandStateagenciestoadoptpublicprocurementinatime-boundmanner

-CPWD/IRCtopromoteincreasedadoptionofC&Dwasteproducts

-BIStopromotestandardsandinclusioninNationalBuildingCode

-MoFinancetoconsiderGSTrebatesfornewrecycledproductsasandwhentheybecomeavailable.

-MoEFCCtoadoptEco-Marklabel

-PreferentialPublicProcurementTemplate

-Eco-labellingandcertificationstandards

-AdoptionofPreferentialPublicProcurementin2019

-InclusioninSoRin2019

-EngagementwithBIS/IRConstandards/codesonongoingbasis

-Eco-labellingandcertificationonongoingbasis

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ANNEX 1: PREFERENTIAL PROCUREMENT POLICY - AHMEDABAD

Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Department of Solid Waste Management

CBlock,5thFloor,SardarPatelBhavan,Danapith,Ahmedabad–380001 Tel.No.079–25350841,FaxNo.079-25350841

Email:swm@ahmedabadcity.gov.in

To, AmdavadEnviroProjectsPvt.Ltd., E/5,OjasApartment,NearNehrunagarCrossroads, Ambawadi,Ahmedabad–380018

Subject: - About procurement of the final product manufactured by Amdavad Enviro Projects Pvt. Ltd.

Context: - (1)AmdavadEnviroProjectsPvt.Ltd.’sletterdated18/04/2016 (2)HealthandSolidWasteManagementCommittee’sResolutionnumber29dated 22/06/2016andStandingCommittee’sResolutionnumber387dated30/06/2016

Withreferencetotheabovementionedsubjectandcontext,itisherebyinformedthattheStandingcommittee,withrespecttoresolutionnumber1022dated06/09/2016,hasgivenapprovaltoDNPInfrastructurePvt.Ltd.tocollectalltheconstructionanddemolitionwasteandtransportthesametoGyaspurPiranatotheplantwhichhasbeen setuponapublicprivatepartnershipbasis since30yearswhich canprocess300Metrictonnesofgarbageondailybasis.DepartmentofSolidWasteManagementhasgiventheLetterofAwardtoDNPInfrastructurePvt.Ltd.andaspertheLetterofferofaward,AConcessionAgreementhasbeenmadewiththenewlysetuporganisationAmdavadEnviroProjectsLtd.byDNPInfrastructurePvt.Ltd.ason21/10/2013.Withreferencetothat,AEPPLhasbeenoperationalisedason10/05/2014.

AccordingtotheaforesaidReferenceLetter–1,itispresentedthatAEPPLwillmanufacturefinishedproducts/goodslikebrick,hollowblock,paverblock,curbstone,sand,greenreadymixconcrete,aggregatesetc.fromC&DWaste.IfproductsmanufacturedfromtheWasteTreatmentPlantareutilisedbyAMC,thentherewillbeaproperrecyclingofalltheconstructionanddemolitionwasteondailybasis.

AEPPL Plant Products like Paver Block and Curb stone should be procured by the City Engineer andmanhole(without frame) should be procured by the Superintendent (Central Stores); theminimum rateshouldbeconsideredaftercomparingtheexistingratesformtheAMCtenderand/orSOR.AsperapprovalfromSolidWasteManagementCommitteeresolutionno29,dated22/06/2016andstandingcommitteeno.387dated30/06/2016,50%requirementofpaverblocksandcurbstoneand25%requirementofmanholecoverof theAMC (which canbe increased/decreased as per requirement) needs tobeprocuredby therespectivezones/projectsfromtheAgency.Thecopyofthedocument/circularisattachedherewith.

Youarerequestedtotakeaccountofthisnoticeandfollowthenecessaryprocedures.

Director

(SolidWasteManagement)

39

Circular

WithrespecttotheStandingCommitteeResolutionNo.1022,dated06/09/2012,AmdavadEnviroProjectsPvt.Ltd.(AEPPL)hasbeengiventhecontractofcollectingconstructionanddemolitionwasteofAhmedabadcity and transport the same to the plant at Gyaspur Pirana set up since 30 years under public privatepartnership,whichcanprocess300metrictonnesofwasteondailybasis

WithreferencetotheapprovalgivenbySolidWasteManagementCommitteeResolutionNumber29dated22/06/2016andStandingCommitteeResolutionnumber387dated30/06/2016,yourrespectivedepartmentsarerequiredtofollowingthebelowmentionedprocedureincaseofprocurementofpaverblock,curbingandmanholecover(withoutframe):

“Procurementof50%ofrequirementofpaverblocksandcurbingstoneand25%ofrequirementofmanholecover (without frame) (whichcanbe increasedordecreasedasper requirement) shouldbedoneby therespectivedepartments/projectsfromAEPPLandtheratesshouldbeaspertheexistingratesofthatparticulartimeperiodofAhmedabadMunicipalCorporationapprovedtenderand/orSORrates,whicheverisless.“

DeputyMunicipalCommissioner (SolidWasteManagementDepartment)

Copy to:

1. HonourableMunicipalCommissioner–ForyourInformation

2. AllZonalDeputyMunicipalCommissioners

3. RelatedDepartmentDeputyMunicipalCommissioner(Traffic,ParksandGarden,FireBrigade,MunicipalSchoolBoard,AJL,KankariaLakeFront,ZooandBalvatika,WaterandDrainageProject,S.T.P.,SRFDCL,RoadProject,BridgeProject,Light,HousingProject,SNP,SwimmingPool,Gymnasium,AMTS)

4. CityEngineer(WRM)andCityEngineer

5. JointDirector(Mechanical)

6. AllAdditionalCityEngineers

7. AllZonalAssistantMunicipalCommissioner

8. Superintendent,CentralStores

9. Director,SolidWasteManagementDepartment

10. AmdavadEnviroProjectsPvt.Ltd.,BehindTorrentPowerSubStation,Gyaspur,Ahmedabad,MobileNo.9898478110,9979846734

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ANNEX 2: SAMPLE CONSTRUCTION/DEMOLITION PERMIT

41

ANNEX 3: PRODUCTS MADE FROM C&D WASTE

ConstructionmaterialsfromprocessedC&Dwaste

Paver Block

Tile

Wall Cladding

Kerb Stone

Jalli

Concrete Block

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Street furniture from processed C&D waste

Bollard

Pre-cast compound wall

Drain Cover

Fence Post

Planter

Park Bench

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Pre-cast structures from processed C&D waste

On-siteassemblytypetoilet(ModeldevelopedbyAEPPvt.Ltd.)