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KANNUR UNIVERSITY

Ph.D Course Work

Syllabi for Engineering

.-.Peper I : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

, : objecri,e.. To gain knowledge in making research proposals and writing technical papers'

S-*r'F .S*'Introduction_Meaningofresearch-objectivesofresearch-Motir,ationinresearch-Typesofresearch -- Research approaches - signifrcance of research - Research methods vs Methodolog; -

Criteria of good research.

Defining Research Problem -what is arcsearch p*blT.-Selecting the problem -Necessity oi'

' defining the prnblem - Literature review - importance of literature review in defining a problern t-

- Critical literature reviev" - Iclentifing gap aras from literature review

Resear-ch design - Meanin3 of research design -Need-Features of good design -lmportant

ooncepts ,etatiig to research'design - Different types - Developing a researclr plan

Method of data collection -Collection of data- observation method - lnterview method -

Questionnaire nrethod - Processing and analysis of data - Processing options - T;'pes of analysis -

InterPretation of results

Reportwritin3_Typesolreport_ResearchRepofi.Researchproposal.Technicalpaper_Significance - Different stePs in the preparation - Layout, structure and Language of typical

reports - Simple exercises - oral presentation - Planning - Preparation - Practice - N'laking

.presentation - Answering questions - Use of visual aids - Quality & Proper usage - lmporiance of

: effective comnrunication - Illustration

Pubiishing Co.

Question Pattern: There yyould be 7 questions outof whieh5 shoUldbe answered' Each question

would carr-v 20 rnarks each. Eaclr question shall carry a maximum of fbur sub sections rvhich can

il;;;;;r;r,b;;o, of marks. The questions would touch upo, all the secti.ns of the s'vllabus

as far as possible and u'ould prefe!@

csP 206(C)/SPE 206(B) RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES

PrerequisitetBasic knowledge in research/project work at UG level3 hours lecture Per weeh

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CAS 104 FINITE ELEMENT METIIOD

Boundary Value Problem - Approximate Solution - Variational and Weighted Residual

Methods - Ritz and Galerkin -Formulations

- Concepts of Piecewise Approximation and

Finite Elements - Displacement and Shape Functions - Weak Formulation - Minimum

Potential Energy - Generation of Stiffiress Matrix and Load Vector.

Rasic concepts - Different methods in Finite Element Methods - Steps involved in FEM.

Interpolation eolyromials - Linear elements Shape function - Element and Global-matrices

Two dimensional elements, triangular and rectangular elements - Local and Global

Coordinate systems.

The Isoparametric Formulation:- Introduction - An isoparametric bar element - Plane

bilinear element - Numerical lntegration - Quadratic plane elements - Triangular

isoparametric elements

Finite element Solution of structural problems - Two dimensional elasticity problems -Plane Stress, Plain Strain and Axisymmetric Problems - Triangular and QuadrilateralElements

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ria riitti, Ete*iit'Method, vol.r and II,:Mo Graw

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cAs 105 ADVANCEDCO@

:tr I t::1.,', irr{€fi:lr1 1:-ij ::

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Ready Mixed concrete -. maillfacturel lii:t"i:1::--*"?ll3;X#itd;:;;fi;, under .water

concreting' shotcrete' Highprecautions, Methods ofvolume fly ash concrete

,orttPt, ProPerties, tYPical mix

!:ff::l;il:ffi;;J.:;;;"ept, muterials, tests, properries, application and rvpical mix'

Fibre reinforced conffete - Fibers types and properties, Behavior of FRC in compression'

tension including pr"-cracting sta;; unO post-c.a9king stages, behavior in flexure and

shear, Ferro cement - materials-, tecniniques of manufacture, properties and application

Light weight concrete-materials properties and types. Typical light weight concrete mix

High density concrete and high performanc. "on.ir1r-*aterials,

properties and applications,

typical mix.

Test on Hardened concrete-Effect of end condition of specimen, capping' H/D ratio' rate of

loading, moisture ronAitior. Compression, tension and flexu19 tests' Tests on composition

of hardened concrete-cement content, oiiginal w/c ratio. NDT tests concepts-Rebound

hammer, pulse velocitY methods

References:1.d;htil.VfliCoacrete f ofogy'l, Longmin S*":,tfl..& Technical, 1990.

2. Neville,;t.f'f..,'prJp.*iet "ib"Atfttd",:Loigman

Scientific & Technical, England'

1981.,3. Gambier,'lConcrete Technology" ,TataMcGraw Hill' New Delhi' '

.

+.o'ci,,a,.D.F.;,,Concrete,ret,trnology*';.yo1*;.!..&2,|963.-...r^A^.i.,ir,q.r'as.,.ilto,,''"tgTeehnoiQ$;';.S'Chand&Co,NewDelhi,.1998'.^--i, nr.*; u.n;tr,#i"al Admixtu;;s ifor Concrete",'lolrn \v;lqt Sons' 1 977'

;:ifi;#;fi,"N" 1'D.;ig, of concrete mixes", Sehgal Educational Consultants &

Publishers-hrt.Ltd.,'puti6ubad, 1988' "'8. IS: 10262,'"Recommend "- 1982

There rrould'be T.questions outof which 5 should be answered' Each ryestio1.1ould carry

20,marks eaCh. Each question t catry a malimum of fo1+ sub sectiols whi.Jh "tll.}ll:;#;;i;rril;;;;a"ts.'ttre.quJstions would touch upon all the sections of the

;;Iil;r;fri as possible and would preferably be analytic in nature'

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CAS 105 (D) STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY

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ConcePts of sructural safery

i"ri" SLrttics : - lnff-oducti on' data reduction

Frobability theory: *iroOr.tion, random events, random variables' functions of random

ffil;j;;;;ororntr and expectation, common probabil ity d i stributions'

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Resistance distributions and parameters: - Introduction. Statistics of properties of concrete'

steer and other builjing;il;i"lr. statistics of diurensional variations, crraracterizatio, of

variables, allorvable str-esses based on specified reliability' Probabilistic analysis of loads:

gravity loads, wind loads

Basic struc.tural reliability:- lntroduction, computation.of structural reliability'

Level2 Reliability *.itoat, htroduction, basic variables and failure sttrface' first order

second moment methods (FOSM)

Reliabilig, based design: Intoduction, determination of partial safetv factors' development

oireliabiiity based deiign criteria, optimal safety factors

Monte Carlo study of structural saf'ety: -General, Monte Carlo method' applications

Reliability of structural system: Introduction, system reliab-i1it1'" modelling of structural

.yrr"rr,fiounds of system reliability, reliability analysis of frames

Referencesjfi ii,*Aanathail.;RJii#ffi Analyiii aao'n-e.s rrf siruCtures, Tata McGraw Hill,

- i ig, A, H. S"& .taAS, W, H,;ir,roUabitty !o1celt1 glngineering Plarining and

De*gii,'Vol. tr Basic Principles, JohnWilel'& Sons, 1975'

3. Ang, A. H. S & r"rs; Ui u; rrouaUlritiCon99p1u illoein:"ring Planning and

Design. Vol. II fr"iriJr,,nisks"and netiability, 19trn ltitey& Sons, 1984' ^

'

4.,JackR. Benjamin & i:.'etuo'cornell., Prtbability, statistics and Decision for

Engineers, McGraw-Hil1.5.,1{.,o. Madsen, srrre"t & N. c. Lind,:Methods ofrstructural satbty, Prentice-}trall,

1986.A. n.:8. Melchers.. Str*ctural Reliabiliry - Analypis and prediction. Ellis Horrvood Ltd'

1987.

Question Pattern:

There would ue z questions out of which5 should be answered. Each question would 3rrr20 marksr,each. Each question:sh41l carry'amaximum of four sub sections whie.h can have

uneven distribution '6f',1p6fl55. The questions':.wouldr toucfr upon all the sections of the

ffi;t;;ir* as possible'ina would PG& b

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cLS204 OPTIN{ISATION OF STRUCTURES

formulation with examples. Single Variable Unconstrained Optimisation

%OptimalitY Criteria.

methods: Unrestricted search, Exhaustive search'

El-imination methods: Interval Halving methods, Dichotomous search, Fibonacci

Multi Variable Unconstrained Optimisation Techniques % Optimality Criteria.

Unidirectional Search.

Direct Search methods: Random search, Grid search, Univariate method, Hookefs and

Jeeves' pattem search method, Powell's conjugate direction method, Simplex method.

Gradient based methods: Cauchy's (Steepest descent) method, Conjugate gradient

(Fletcher-Reeves) method, Newton's method, Variable metric (DFP)method, BFGS

method.

Constrained Optimisation TechniquesClassical methods: Direct substitution method, Constrained variation method, method ofLagrange multipliers, Kuhn-Tucker conditions.Linear programming problem: Standard form, Simplex method.

Indirect methods: Elimination of constraints, Transformation techniques, and Penalty

function method.Direct methods: Zoutendijk's method of feasible direction, Rosen's gradient Projectionmethod.

Specialized Optimisation techniques % Dynamic programming, Geometric programming,

Genetic Algorithms.

3. Kirsch U., Optimum Structural Design, McGraw Hill.4. Arora J S. Introduction to Optimum Design, McGraw Hill5. Rajeev S and Krishnamoorthy C. S., Discrete Optimisation of Structures using

Genetic Algorithms, Joumal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 1 18, No. 5,1992,1223-1250.

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cAs 205 ADVAI{CED DESIGN OF FOI]I\DATIONS

Eoil - Structure Interaction'Introduction to Soil - Structure interaction problems - Contact pressure distribution - factorsinfluencing Contact pressure distribution beneath rigid and flexible footings -concenhicallyand eccenffically loaded cases - contact pressure dishibution beneath rafts - Modulus of subgrade reaction - Determination of modulus of sub grade reacJion - Factors influencingmodulus of subgrade reaction.Pile Foundation: - Introduction - Estimation of pile capacity by static and dynamicformulae - Wave equation method of analysis of pile resistance - Load - Transfer methodof estimating pile capacity - Settlement of single pile - Elastic methods. Laterally loadedpiles - Modulus of sub grade reaction method - ultimate lateral resistance of piles. PileGroups - Consideration regarding spacing - Efficiency of pile groups - Stresses onunderlying soil strata - Approximate analysis of pile groups -Settlement of pile groups -Pile caps -Pile load tests - Negative skin frictionIntroduction to Machine Foundations:- Introduction - nature of dynamic loads - stressconditions on soil elements under earthquake loading - dynamic loads imposed by simplecrank mechanism - type of machine foundations - special considerations for design ofmachine foundations - Criteria for a satisfactory machine foundation - permissibleamplitude of vibration for different type of machines - methods of analysis of machinefoundations - methods based on linear elastic weightless springs - methods based on lineartheory of elasticity (elastic half space theory) - degrees of freedom of a block foundation -definition of soil spring constants - nature of damping - geomehic and internal damping -determination of soil constants - methods of determination of soil constants in laboratoryand field based on IS code provisions.Design of Machine Foundations:- Vertical, sliding, rocking and yawing vibrations of ablock foundation - simultaneous rocking, sliding and vertical vibrations of a blockfoundation - foundation of reciprocating machines - design criteria - calculation of inducedforces and moments - multi-cylinder engines - numerical example (IS code method)

Foundations subjected to impact loads - design criteria - analysis of vertical vibrations -computation of dynamic forces - design of hammer foundations (IS code method) -vibration isolation - active and passive isolation - transmissibility - methods of isolationin machine foundations.

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UAKE ANALYSN AI\D DESIGN OF STRUCTT]RES

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Introduction to engineering seismology - Seismic waves primary and secondary waves -Raleigh wave - love wave - Magnitude of earthquake - Intensity

Concept of Seismic design : Approach to earthquake resistant design - General principles ofa seismic design - Review of IS 1893:20A2 - Building equivalent static analysis - Vertical

distribution of seismic forces and horizontal shears - Dynamic analysis - Design spectrums

- Seismic weights - Modal combination - Load combinations and permissible stresses -Guide lines foiearthquake resistant design - Ductile detailing for seismic design

Special structures: Design of water tanks - Elevated tower supported tanks- Hydrodynamic

pressure in tanks - examPles

Design of towers - Stack like structures - Chimneys - Design principles of retaining walls

- Concept of design of bridges - Design of bearings

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Introduction to engineering seismology - Seismic waves primary and secondary waves -Raleigh wave - Love wave - Magnitude of earthquake - Intensity

Concept of Seismic design : Approach !o gartheuake resistant d3sign - General principles of

u s.ir*i" design - ReviJw oris tgqr:2002 - Building equivalent static analysis - vertical

distribution oiseismic forces and horizontal shears - Dynamic analysis - Dellqn spectrums

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{'7 - Seismic weishts - Modal combination - Load combinations and permissible stresses -.a.. ---,------ L a- -:- T\-,^+:l^ I^+^ili-^ f^r oaicmin rlecionS C"ia. ii*. foi""u.tt quake resistant design - Ductile detailing for seismic design

Special structures: Design of water tanks - Elevated tower supported tanks- Hydrodynamic

pressure in tanks - examPles

Design of towers - Stack like structures - Chimneys - Design principles of retaining walls

- Coicept of design of bridges - Design of bearings

AKE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STRUCTURryP

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