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ECKERNFORDE TANGA
UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT: EDUCATION
PROGRAMME: DIRECTORATE OF CONTINUING OF
EDUCATION
COURSE NAME: CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT AND
TEACHING
COURSE CODE: DED 150
LECTURER NAME: MR; J MKWIZU.
STUDENT NAME: FROLAH J. SHAYO
REGISTRATION NUMBER: DIPS 081/T2012
NATURE OF TASK: INDIVIDUAL TUSK
SUBMISSION DAT: 12TH August 2014
QUESTION;
Write term paper based on classroom management and teaching.
To Survey at least 3 but not more than 5 schools either all being
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primary school or secondary school or a mixture based on class
teacher job distribution, gross misconduct by student, school
discipline, school rules, academic performance and ways are wed
by school to address short falls.
DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my lovely family especially my husband and
my children who strongly, morally and amicably inspired me to work
hard in studies. And giving me opportunity to conduct the research.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my deep gratitude to my lecture Mr. J MKWIZU
and dean of faculty Mr. S KIBIKI, my teaching practice supervisors,
for their patient guidance, enthusiastic encouragement and useful
critiques of this teaching practice report.
I would also like to extend my thanks to the academic office of
secondary schools for their help in offering me the resources in
running the research.
I also warmly congratulate the students for their punctuality
which they played a great role in keeping in research with me.
Without forgetting the students organization especially during my
work. Actually they cooperated very well for they guided
strictly their fellow students to abide effectively to the school
rules and regulation without any force from me or other teachers
so it bring about good result of enjoying my research. May
almighty God bless them to perpetuate with that heart in their
life being.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Definition of the key words
2. MAIN BODY
2.1. Method used to collect data
2.2. Literature review
2.3. Tabulation table
2.4. National examination performance trend
2.5. Form four national examination
2.6. Data interpretation
2.7. Class teacher selected
2.8. General class rules
2.9. Challenges facing the students in learning and the ways
to improve performance
3. CONCLUSION
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4. RECOMMENDATION
5. REFERENCE
SCHOOL RULES AND DISCIPLINE.
INTRODUCTION
In this term paper I traced different area and concentrate in
explain the meaning of school, school discipline and rules, also
explanation based on methodology used to collect data especially
the literature review, tabulation table, national examination
position, the general school rules, challenges also the ways to
improve performance, and at the end conclusion and recommendation
of my work with references.
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A school is an institution designed for the teaching of students
(or "pupils") under the direction of teachers. Most countries
have systems of formal education, which is commonly compulsory.
In these systems, students progress through a series of schools.
The names for these schools vary by country but generally include
primary school for young children and secondary school for
teenagers who have completed primary education. An institution
where higher education is taught is commonly called a university
college or university.
School discipline is the system of rules, punishments, and
behavioral strategies appropriate to the regulation of children
or adolescents and the maintenance of order in schools. Its aim
is to control the students' actions and behavior
METHODOLOGY USED TO COLLECT DATA
Data Collection is an important aspect of any type of research
study. Inaccurate data collection can impact the results of a
study and ultimately lead to invalid results. Data Collection
methods include face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews,
computer-assisted interviews; questionnaires that are either
personally administered, send through the mail, or electronically
administered; observation of individuals and events with or
without videotaping or audio recording; and a variety of other
motivational techniques such as projective tests. In this
research I decided to collect data through literature review
methods.
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LITERATURE REVIEW METHOD
A Literature Review is a critical review of existing knowledge on
areas such as theories, critiques, methodologies, research
findings, assessment and evaluations on a particular topic. It is
not simply a summary to gather information from reports, journals
and articles. A literature review involves a critical evaluation
identifying similarities and differences between existing
literatures and the work being undertaken. It reviews what have
already been done in the context of a topic. Therefore, on the
basis of the existing knowledge, people can build up innovative
idea and concept for further research purpose. Advantages of
Literature Reviews
Literature Reviews encourage deep learning, and provide an
efficient way to assess students on their knowledge and
understanding of a particular topic.
With proper supervision and practices, some graduate
attributes such as project management and life-long learning
can be learnt and assessed.
Literature Reviews give a conceptual framework for research
or project planning because students can have a clear idea
of what has already been done in the field. This helps
students build up new research topics on the basis of
existing literatures
Time and cost efficient to look for resource for example,
through the online database.
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Enhance analytical skills through identifying differences in
previous work and their work
TABULATION TABLE OF THREE (3) SCHOOLS.
SCHOOL DISCIPLINEMaweni secondary
school
Good
Nguvumali secondary
school
Fair
St. Christina
secondary school
Very good
NATIONAL EXAMINATION PERFORMANCE TREND
The most important information in relation to analyzing and
judging academic performance for secondary schools is the
performance trend in the national examinations. The examination
of academic performance was done from each individual secondary
under the study. The following tables 1, 2 and 3 show the
national examination form four performance results for different
years in each secondary school.
FORM FOUR NATIONAL EXAMINATION RESULT IN THREE ACADEMIC
The following are the tables showing the national examination
results for three years 2011, 2012 and 2013 in both three schools
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such as Maweni secondary school, Nguvumali secondary school and
St. Christina secondary school as follows:
TABLE 1: MAWENI SECONDARY SCHOOL
DIV I DIV
II
DIV
III
DIV
IV
FAILE
D
POSITION
NATIONWISE
2011
00
01
01
31
98
2765/3108
2012
00
03
04
19
106
2577/3396
2013
00
00
05
14
71
3104/3256
TABLE 2: NGUVUMALI SECONDARY SCHOOL
DIV I DIV
II
DIV
III
DIV
IV
FAILE
D
POSITION
IN NATION2011
00
01
05
62 1
14
2280/3108
2012
00
02
04
34 1
26
2517/3396
2013
01
03
11
66
79
1975/3256
TABLE 3: ST. CHRISTINA SECONDARY SCHOOL
DIV I DIV DIV DIV FAILE POSITION
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II III IV D IN NATION2011
04
06 3
0
16
00
95/3108
2012
07
26 3
5
17
00
67/3396
2013
15
27 2
6
05
00
158/3256
DATA INTERPRETATION
The overall discipline of Maweni secondary school, Nguvumali
secondary school, and ST. Christina secondary school is good and
general performance of these schools in national examination
Maweni secondary school in year 2011 position in nation wise was
2765/3108, in year 2012 position in nation wise was 2577/3396, in
year 2013 position in nation wise was 3104/3256. Nguvumali
secondary school in year 2011 position in nation wise was
2280/3108, in year 2012 position in nation wise was 2517/3396, in
year 2013 position in nation wise was 1975/3256 and St. Christina
secondary school in year 2011 position in nation wise was
95/3108, in year 2012 position in nation wise was 67/3396, in
year 2013 position in nation wise was 158/3256. In these three
schools the school which performed well is St. Christina
secondary school because they observed discipline at all sphere
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in academic issues compared to other schools like Nguvumali
secondary school and Maweni secondary school the discipline is
not observed effectively.
CLASS TEACHER SELECTED
In my research the class teacher is selected by the headmaster or
headmistress and academic master. Class teachers are experts in
education and teaching, who recognize their educational
responsibility and maintain their professional competence. They
possess good prerequisites for cooperation with all members of
the school community, pupils and their parents as well as the
various societal bodies. Class teachers are capable of seeing
their work as part of society, its values and activities.
GENERAL SCHOOL RULES GUIDING THE STUDENTS AND TEACHERS IN THE
SCHOOLS
Teachers using the Responsive Classroom approach teach children
that rules are necessary because they help to make school a safe
place where everyone can learn. Responsive Classroom teachers
assume that children will need practice as they learn to abide by
classroom rules, and they understand that children will make
mistakes as they learn. Instead of focusing on punishing rule-
breakers, they concentrate on helping children gradually assume
more and more responsibility for their own behavior. So the
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following are general school rules that follows by the school
like
No pupil is allowed inside the buildings (other than The
Dining Hall), during mid morning break or during the
lunchtime, unless authorized.
Pupils are not allowed to leave the school premises during
school hours without permission from senior staff. This
includes pupils with dental or medical appointments.
During the normal school breaks, pupils will use such areas
as will be prescribed to them.
During breaks, games including football are permitted on the
tennis court only and on the field in summer, no games of
any type in the courtyard.
Full school uniform must be worn on the journey to and from
school.
Pupils must not engage in conversation with strangers or
accept handouts or flyers.
Pupils must report any strange or unusual events to the
school or parents
Absence The school should be informed by telephone or in
writing as soon as possible. A note must be brought on
return to school after any period of absence, explaining the
absence. Family holidays in term time are not approved and
are actively discouraged by the school.
Punctuality, Punctuality must be observed at all times. Any
pupil arriving after registration must report to Reception
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and sign in. Lateness without reasonable cause incurs an
appropriate penalty.
Equipment Pupils are expected to bring equipment required
for lessons e.g. exercise books, pens, pencils etc. All
textbooks, library books, materials and equipment remain
school property on loan to pupils.
Prohibitions no magazines or reading matter than that
approved by staff may be brought into school.
No article which may cause physical or material harm is to
be brought to school. This includes matches and cigarettes
and particularly illegal substances and weapons, possession
of which will lead to permanent exclusion.
No electronic equipment of any sort: e.g. radio/personal
stereo, mobile phone, pager, camera, mp3 players or other
electrical equipment is to be brought to school unless
officially authorized. Such equipment will be confiscated
and pupils will be placed in detention. Electronic equipment
will be returned to parents after the detention has been
completed.
Dress and Appearances see separate uniform list which
encourages a smart appearance at all times. Make up is not
allowed.
All pupils are expected to take pride in maintaining a high
standard of tidiness and cleanliness in and around the
school premises, and have respect for the school buildings
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and equipment. Any vandalism will be treated as a serious
offence and appropriate action taken.
Smoking is absolutely prohibited in school, on the way to
and from school and in any other circumstances in which the
good name of the school would be brought into disrepute.
Pupils in the company of other pupils smoking will also be
punished. It is now an offence to smoke anywhere on the
school site.
School detention organized by senior staff is held weekly
for one hour after school, normally on Thursdays, subject to
24 hours written notice which is given to pupils, and it is
their responsibility to inform parents that they will be
late home.
Medication, no member of staff administers or supervises
medication. Any pupil who needs to bring medicines or
analgesics to school must report to their Year Tutor
providing a written explanation from their parents. The
medicine or analgesics for that day only must be in an
appropriate container as issued by the dispensing pharmacist
and clearly labeled with the name of the medication and the
pupil's name and form. Whilst all staff receives regular
Epic-Pen training teachers are encouraged to contact the
designated first-aiders if they feel such action is
appropriate.
CHALLENGES FACING THE STUDENTS IN LEARNING
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Unqualified Teachers: This is the first and mostly ignored
problem. What makes this problem the most dangerous is the fact
that such communities scarcely can really tell who a good teacher
since they are all learners. Whatever the teacher says, correct
or incorrect, will be taken as correct by the learner. This has
led to a lot of confusion among learners because different
teachers tell them different things. These differences result
from the fact that most of the teachers also suffer the problem
of translation from their local languages to English. For
instance, the word ‘cup’ is pronounced by different teachers as
either [kap], [kop], or with a vowel that is only close to any of
these but does not exist in the English sound system. The
sound /Λ/does not exist in the sound systems of the local
languages, so even the teachers sometimes have problems producing
it, even though they are able to graduate as English teachers.
Poor Learning Environment: When we say poor learning environment,
we are not talking about the weather condition, availability of
furniture in the classrooms or the location of the school. All
the mentioned situations can affect learning in general. we can
talk about outside-the-class learning aids. In most cases,
students make effort to speak good English only in the classroom
and under supervision. Students don’t always hear people around
them speaking good English. These reduce their ability to learn
English in the right manner. In Europe, it is easy to flow in the
language as it is, of course the general language of the people.
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Inadequate Learning Materials: Learning materials include items
that aid learning. Books may be available, but books are not
enough. As observed in un qualifying teacher above, if a student
sees a sound symbol in a book, how does he or she know how to
pronounce it? The fact is that students of English Language
graduate into teachers of English Language and they never get to
hear the right production of a particular sound by a native
speaker of English. How then would such teacher teach the right
thing? The students also study haphazardly. They have books to
read but they can’t tell how certain words are said. How would a
student understand the pronunciation of the word ‘ewe’? He or she
must hear the right pronunciation from his or her teacher or from
a native speaker of English. Sometimes students tend to learn
from movies they watch but they often learn the wrong things
because they do not know that different varieties of English are
used in movies.
Less Seriousness toward learning English Language: In this case,
students often think that the same English they speak at home or
on the street is the same they will write in their exams. But of
course, though communication is complete as the conversation is
mutually intelligible, they don’t always abide by the rules that
govern the language, that are not ignorable in exams. It is also
observed that students don’t study English personally as they
study other subjects. In most cases, in a whole term, students
study English only in the classroom when the teacher is teaching.
After the class, they drop their books and wait for the next
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class. They don’t study pronunciation, they don’t study essay
writing and they don’t make effort to learn new words. They bring
every little problem to the teacher during classes, even things
they could just lookup in the dictionary. When learners make
mistakes and are corrected, they often say “It is not my language
after all”. This greatly affects their learning of English as a
language and as a course of study
WAYS TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE
Studying place free from interruptions, it is important to have
uninterrupted study time. You must maintain silence in class.
Research shows that most students study best in a quiet
environment. Study at the same time and at the same place,
devoted to study only. This helps you to associate the time and
place with studying and concentrating. You will find that you get
into a habit of studying as soon as you sit down. However, change
of environment may help in managing stress.
Study place contain all the study materials you need, be sure
your study place includes reference sources and supplies such as
pens and pencils, paper, ruler, calculator, and whatever else you
might need
Study Space contains a clean desk or table while working on an
assignment or studying for a test, uses a desk that is free from
other distractive materials. Allow enough room for writing and
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try to avoid clutter. You need enough room to store your study
materials. Be sure you have enough storage space to allow you to
keep your desktop or other work surface clear of unnecessary
materials that can get in the way.
Ensure that the study place have enough light the amount of light
you need depends on what you are doing. The important thing is
that you can clearly see what you need to see without any strain
or discomfort.
Ensure that the study place have a comfortable temperature if
your study place is too warm, you might become sleepy. If it is
too cold, your thinking may slow down and become unclear. Keep
your body at the temperature at which your mind and body function
best. For example on a hot afternoon remove your sweater.
Take Complete Notes the key idea of taking good notes in class is
to write down as much as possible. There are several reasons to
take notes that are as complete as possible: it will force you to
pay attention to what’s going on in class.
Take breaks, it is important to take a break before you feel
tired and lose your concentration completely. A regular break
helps to sustain your concentration. If the work is not going too
well and you have difficulties in concentrating, you may need a
long break and go back to it later by reading something you find
fun.
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CONCLUSION
The school rules are very importance to be followed by students
and Teacher. It is because in studies student and teacher are
able to learn different things that cannot be thought in his or
her course. Communicate with your instructors. If the student
misses class, let them know ahead of time. Utilize instructor’s
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office hours if you do not understand assignments, course
materials, expectations, or have other issues or concerns to
discuss. Therefore student is able to build the confidence of
teaching on Practice.
RECOMMENDATION
I respect of what have been observed in the research that has
undertaken by student and teacher.
The following recommendations are put forward so as to make the
study more researchable and
Further materialized by other researchers, reviewers and
scholars, thereby making it improved. They are as follows:
More material and software’s such as books, chalks, and
instruction media should be provided within school. These
software’s and hard material will make it easy teaching and
good performance to students. Government, Non-government
organization (NGOs) and parent should be responsible
together to provide this material and soft ware to school
The number of staff responsible for the teaching of those
schools is not sufficient enough hence should be increased
to enhance effective performance in science subject and some
in arts subjects. For example arts subject are English
subject, civics subject while science subject are physics,
biology mathematics. The government should be responsible to
promote science subject especially to student teacher to
learn it in order to reduce the problem and even student
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teacher to sacrifices in order to reduce it. The government
must support or sponsor (for example meals, house, and
material) this teacher in order to make good performance to
student
Physical infrastructure should be increased so as to make
sure good attractive for teacher especial house for teacher,
staff, toilet, electricity and water
To introduce the reward or motivation for those who done
better in internal examination and external in order to
encourage student and teacher.
REFERENCE
Baglione, L. (2012) Writing a Research Paper in Political
Science. Thousand Oaks: CQ Press.
Chan C. (2009) Assessment: Literature Review, Assessment
Resources@HKU, University of Hong Kong
Jong, R. et al (2007). Contextual factors and effective school
improvement. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 18, 93-
122.
Marrelli, A. F. (2005) The Performance Technologist’s Toolbox:
Literatures Reviews. Performance Improvement, 44, 7, 40-44
21
Oduol, T. (2006). Towards the making of education policy in
Kenya: Conclusions and implications. International Education
Journal, 7(4), 466-479. Available online at http://iej.com.au
Republic of Kenya, (1998). Master plan on education and training
1997-2010. Nairobi: Government Printer.
Smith A. et al (1979). Fifteen thousand hours in secondary
schools and their effects on children. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press.
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